text:
Now that Roslyn is available (or will be available), it is time for Visual Studio to start thinking in files that represent Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs), or .ast files. .ast files are the actual source files that are checked into source control. When an .ast file is loaded into Visual Studio, the developer's "formatting preference configuration" is applied to the .ast file to display the file to the preference of the developer.
ReSharper has a great deal of formatting configuration, but this affects the actual source code that gets checked in. This idea formats the "view" of the .ast file (the "actual" source code that gets checked into source control) after it is loaded in Visual Studio.
This paradigm fixes the problem of the re-occurring (and frustrating) issue of formatting code to a particular team's or organization's (or really, a bossy, opinionated manager's/lead/architect's) code formatting requirements (which everyone always disagrees with in some way), when in fact every developer has their own preferred method or way of formatting their code.
By thinking in .ast files, teams get working code checked into source control (with passing tests running against libraries produced from the .ast files), and developers (finally) view their code the way they want and prefer to do it. Everyone wins (and is happy, and wants to work with everyone else forever and ever, amen).
Of course, teams and organizations can provide "guidance" formatting configurations, but developers can take those and modify them to their wishes.
It's really a good idea. And I'm not just saying this because I thought of it. Visual Studio should do this. :) Way overdue.
Unless you enjoy bickering with teammates about the "best" way to format code, please vote for this!
Again, the issues mentioned would be solved by having the stored format would be just as customizable as the viewed format. The stored format even could be a 100% StyleCop compliant (which dictates how that Start and Stop should be organized/located in your code, btw -- something you may or may not agree with) code file. When you open that stored file, you actually open your own *view* of it, so it would view to YOU exactly how YOU like it... The Start and Stop would be exactly where YOU would like it to be in YOUR version of the file. When you save it, it gets saved and stored as the file format as configured and designed by the team/repo owner (which, again, could be a 100% StyleCop compliant file for the sake of simplicity in demonstrating and communicating this idea). Everyone wins. Which is the point of this feature/vote, as currently only one person "wins", while everyone else ... doesn't.
Aside from the already mentioned problems with versioning and everyone needing Visual Studio to view/edit source files I also do not like this idea because it removes a lot of meaning from the source code.
I think we all group members, properties, and methods in a class in a way that conveys meaning. For example most of us would put the Start() and Stop() method below each other as someone who is interested in looking at the Start method might also be interested in the Stop method.
Source code generated from a formatting-less format cannot contain this information, or any other information that conveys meaning through ordering and indenting and would thus make something that is hard to understand (code) even harder to understand.
Yes this is definitely an ingrained problem, and just in teams that use Visual Studio, but pretty much everywhere. It's a bit innovative, I admit, and it will take time for change and integration.
Now thinking about this some more, I guess .ast files would be a bit of a misnomer. Going back to the idea of "strongly-structured" source files... Those could be files that are formatted to be 100% StyleCop-compliant (along with any rules that an organization would like to remove/add).
1) .ast files are really "strongly-structured" 100% StyleCop-compliant and formatted .cs/.vb files. These are what is checked into source control.
2) When an .ast file is loaded in Visual Studio, an AST is loaded and created from it.
3) The AST from step 2 is then loaded and formatted based off the local developer's preferences. This then creates a local .cs/.vb "view" file that is stored locally (or better yet in the developer's OneDrive).
When a developer saves the .cs/.vb file, Visual Studio attempts to build an AST from it. If it does this successfully, it then saves this AST back to the .ast file as a "strongly-structured" 100% StyleCop-compliant and formatted .cs/.vb file. This trick here would to ensure that it is merge/source-control friendly (shouldn't be a problem) during this process.
That way, we're always working in C#/VB and we can view the code any time from anywhere using any editor. The only real difference is the internal formatting/translation process that occurs when the file is loaded in Visual Studio.
It is very irritating and unfortunate that you cannot edit a suggestion/idea after you create it! Otherwise I would update it with this new material. Bummer.
1) .ast files are just serialized AST trees in Roslyn. So they could be serialized as Xaml files which would make them designer-friendly. The designer would then be responsible for processing the Xaml and rendering it in a way that makes sense to the developer. In fact, with this new paradigm, we now have the ability to render it as code (as traditional C#/VB -- exactly how you see it now in Visual Studio) or something completely different altogether. Conceivably, teams (and companies) could build their own renderers for the ASTs now in visually cool and interesting ways.
2) .ast files could still be saved as .cs/.vb files in source control. The difference here now is that the "source" file is formatted in a particular way that is not known to the developer, and is "strongly-structured" based off this formatting. That is, it's still C#/VB. When the file is loaded into Visual Studio, an intermediate process occurs where an AST is created and then what is displayed to the developer is that strongly-structured .cs/.vb file formatted based on the developer's formatting preferences.
Again, I don't have all the answers, and I am just suggesting what comes to mind. The idea here is that what gets checked into source control isn't necessarily unreadable (or binary).
Also keep in mind that this isn't meant to be required technology that everyone is expected to port over to immediately. It's just another way of sourcing files, and really a more exact way of describing the "code." Teams/companies/organizations can continue to treat their code the traditional (and contentious) way if they wish.
If #1 is used above, then you do have a point with viewing code on GitHub. Instead of seeing C#, users would see an Xml/Xaml/Data file and not code. There would have to be some additional thought around this to make this work nicely.
Thanks for the feedback! This is a fun problem to think about.
This is an interesting proposal, here are my two nits.
1. People who do not use Visual Studio cannot view files anymore. Do we want all the code on github to be unreadable?
2. There will be no way to view diffs in source control. Comparing two ast files could have first party support, but again we leave everyone else out with this option.
I am suspicious of changing the paradigm in C# such that your source file are not the "source of truth". I now need to rely entirely on the IDE to do everything for me perfectly. What is there is a bug and the ast file gets messed up? Will I manually edit it? Will I have arguments among my peers about the style guides for edited ast files?
It is similar, but not. The difference is that you have the "source" file (the .ast file) and then the "view" of that file (the "new" .cs/.vb file, or maybe .ast.cs/.ast.vb). The view file is the "formatted" file and would be on the developer's machine and what they interact with. Whenever the view file is saved, a new AST is created and saved to the .ast file. The .ast file is what is they used to compile an assembly.
The formatting can be configured to occur per keystroke and/or manually. A caching system could be created around each .ast file so that these differences you speak of can be account for, assuming you mean differences on a per-file basis (as opposed to a per-developer basis, which is exactly what this solution solves over-all).
That sounds like visually similar to the document being auto-formatted on every open. This means potentially losing some formatting and also does not allow for differences in single file.

lowercased:
now that roslyn is available (or will be available), it is time for visual studio to start thinking in files that represent abstract syntax trees (asts), or .ast files. .ast files are the actual source files that are checked into source control. when an .ast file is loaded into visual studio, the developer's "formatting preference configuration" is applied to the .ast file to display the file to the preference of the developer.
resharper has a great deal of formatting configuration, but this affects the actual source code that gets checked in. this idea formats the "view" of the .ast file (the "actual" source code that gets checked into source control) after it is loaded in visual studio.
this paradigm fixes the problem of the re-occurring (and frustrating) issue of formatting code to a particular team's or organization's (or really, a bossy, opinionated manager's/lead/architect's) code formatting requirements (which everyone always disagrees with in some way), when in fact every developer has their own preferred method or way of formatting their code.
by thinking in .ast files, teams get working code checked into source control (with passing tests running against libraries produced from the .ast files), and developers (finally) view their code the way they want and prefer to do it. everyone wins (and is happy, and wants to work with everyone else forever and ever, amen).
of course, teams and organizations can provide "guidance" formatting configurations, but developers can take those and modify them to their wishes.
it's really a good idea. and i'm not just saying this because i thought of it. visual studio should do this. :) way overdue.
unless you enjoy bickering with teammates about the "best" way to format code, please vote for this!
again, the issues mentioned would be solved by having the stored format would be just as customizable as the viewed format. the stored format even could be a 100% stylecop compliant (which dictates how that start and stop should be organized/located in your code, btw -- something you may or may not agree with) code file. when you open that stored file, you actually open your own *view* of it, so it would view to you exactly how you like it... the start and stop would be exactly where you would like it to be in your version of the file. when you save it, it gets saved and stored as the file format as configured and designed by the team/repo owner (which, again, could be a 100% stylecop compliant file for the sake of simplicity in demonstrating and communicating this idea). everyone wins. which is the point of this feature/vote, as currently only one person "wins", while everyone else ... doesn't.
aside from the already mentioned problems with versioning and everyone needing visual studio to view/edit source files i also do not like this idea because it removes a lot of meaning from the source code.
i think we all group members, properties, and methods in a class in a way that conveys meaning. for example most of us would put the start() and stop() method below each other as someone who is interested in looking at the start method might also be interested in the stop method.
source code generated from a formatting-less format cannot contain this information, or any other information that conveys meaning through ordering and indenting and would thus make something that is hard to understand (code) even harder to understand.
yes this is definitely an ingrained problem, and just in teams that use visual studio, but pretty much everywhere. it's a bit innovative, i admit, and it will take time for change and integration.
now thinking about this some more, i guess .ast files would be a bit of a misnomer. going back to the idea of "strongly-structured" source files... those could be files that are formatted to be 100% stylecop-compliant (along with any rules that an organization would like to remove/add).
1) .ast files are really "strongly-structured" 100% stylecop-compliant and formatted .cs/.vb files. these are what is checked into source control.
2) when an .ast file is loaded in visual studio, an ast is loaded and created from it.
3) the ast from step 2 is then loaded and formatted based off the local developer's preferences. this then creates a local .cs/.vb "view" file that is stored locally (or better yet in the developer's onedrive).
when a developer saves the .cs/.vb file, visual studio attempts to build an ast from it. if it does this successfully, it then saves this ast back to the .ast file as a "strongly-structured" 100% stylecop-compliant and formatted .cs/.vb file. this trick here would to ensure that it is merge/source-control friendly (shouldn't be a problem) during this process.
that way, we're always working in c#/vb and we can view the code any time from anywhere using any editor. the only real difference is the internal formatting/translation process that occurs when the file is loaded in visual studio.
it is very irritating and unfortunate that you cannot edit a suggestion/idea after you create it! otherwise i would update it with this new material. bummer.
1) .ast files are just serialized ast trees in roslyn. so they could be serialized as xaml files which would make them designer-friendly. the designer would then be responsible for processing the xaml and rendering it in a way that makes sense to the developer. in fact, with this new paradigm, we now have the ability to render it as code (as traditional c#/vb -- exactly how you see it now in visual studio) or something completely different altogether. conceivably, teams (and companies) could build their own renderers for the asts now in visually cool and interesting ways.
2) .ast files could still be saved as .cs/.vb files in source control. the difference here now is that the "source" file is formatted in a particular way that is not known to the developer, and is "strongly-structured" based off this formatting. that is, it's still c#/vb. when the file is loaded into visual studio, an intermediate process occurs where an ast is created and then what is displayed to the developer is that strongly-structured .cs/.vb file formatted based on the developer's formatting preferences.
again, i don't have all the answers, and i am just suggesting what comes to mind. the idea here is that what gets checked into source control isn't necessarily unreadable (or binary).
also keep in mind that this isn't meant to be required technology that everyone is expected to port over to immediately. it's just another way of sourcing files, and really a more exact way of describing the "code." teams/companies/organizations can continue to treat their code the traditional (and contentious) way if they wish.
if #1 is used above, then you do have a point with viewing code on github. instead of seeing c#, users would see an xml/xaml/data file and not code. there would have to be some additional thought around this to make this work nicely.
thanks for the feedback! this is a fun problem to think about.
this is an interesting proposal, here are my two nits.
1. people who do not use visual studio cannot view files anymore. do we want all the code on github to be unreadable?
2. there will be no way to view diffs in source control. comparing two ast files could have first party support, but again we leave everyone else out with this option.
i am suspicious of changing the paradigm in c# such that your source file are not the "source of truth". i now need to rely entirely on the ide to do everything for me perfectly. what is there is a bug and the ast file gets messed up? will i manually edit it? will i have arguments among my peers about the style guides for edited ast files?
it is similar, but not. the difference is that you have the "source" file (the .ast file) and then the "view" of that file (the "new" .cs/.vb file, or maybe .ast.cs/.ast.vb). the view file is the "formatted" file and would be on the developer's machine and what they interact with. whenever the view file is saved, a new ast is created and saved to the .ast file. the .ast file is what is they used to compile an assembly.
the formatting can be configured to occur per keystroke and/or manually. a caching system could be created around each .ast file so that these differences you speak of can be account for, assuming you mean differences on a per-file basis (as opposed to a per-developer basis, which is exactly what this solution solves over-all).
that sounds like visually similar to the document being auto-formatted on every open. this means potentially losing some formatting and also does not allow for differences in single file.


text:
Some of you wanted us to add a feature where an employee must enter PIN before they can create a repair ticket because if you are not logged in and someone else uses the point of sale it comes up that you created the ticket, not the actual person who did it. Sometimes if the correct data is not taken on the ticket then you can follow up with that person and retrain them to ensure all data you need is collected. We're excited to introduce the ability that requests employees to enter their Access PIN codes before they can create repair ticket. Once this trigger is enabled, RepairDesk will also request pin if you would like to update tickets.
1. Head to Settings. 2. Click on Module Configuration. 3. Select POS from the left menu. 4. Enable the trigger "Employee should enter access pin before Creating Ticket".
5. Click on Save (button) to implement this feature. Now before creating a repair ticket or work order, RepairDesk will show a pop up alert that will request employees to enter their access PIN.
Once entered, a repair ticket will be created against that employee. Once this trigger is enabled, RepairDesk will also ask employees to enter their Access PIN before updating or saving a ticket. This means that any change in ticket whether on POS or through Manage Tickets section will not be implemented until employee enter his or her Access PIN code. You can also view who created or updated a ticket under Ticket History section after employees have entered their Access PIN to confirm creation, editing or saving of a repair ticket. This will help you in keeping track of any changes made to repair tickets and ensure that only authorized personnel are allowed to make such changes.
Q. How can I change an employee's Access PIN?
A. You can do so by going to Settings >> Manage Employees. Click on the Action button against the employee whose Access PIN you want to change and select Edit. Under Roles & Access section, update the Access PIN.

lowercased:
some of you wanted us to add a feature where an employee must enter pin before they can create a repair ticket because if you are not logged in and someone else uses the point of sale it comes up that you created the ticket, not the actual person who did it. sometimes if the correct data is not taken on the ticket then you can follow up with that person and retrain them to ensure all data you need is collected. we're excited to introduce the ability that requests employees to enter their access pin codes before they can create repair ticket. once this trigger is enabled, repairdesk will also request pin if you would like to update tickets.
1. head to settings. 2. click on module configuration. 3. select pos from the left menu. 4. enable the trigger "employee should enter access pin before creating ticket".
5. click on save (button) to implement this feature. now before creating a repair ticket or work order, repairdesk will show a pop up alert that will request employees to enter their access pin.
once entered, a repair ticket will be created against that employee. once this trigger is enabled, repairdesk will also ask employees to enter their access pin before updating or saving a ticket. this means that any change in ticket whether on pos or through manage tickets section will not be implemented until employee enter his or her access pin code. you can also view who created or updated a ticket under ticket history section after employees have entered their access pin to confirm creation, editing or saving of a repair ticket. this will help you in keeping track of any changes made to repair tickets and ensure that only authorized personnel are allowed to make such changes.
q. how can i change an employee's access pin?
a. you can do so by going to settings >> manage employees. click on the action button against the employee whose access pin you want to change and select edit. under roles & access section, update the access pin.


text:
If you’re reading this page, chances are you’re looking for a web design agency in Hinckley.
As a web design agency helping Hinckley businesses, we want to know why you need a website.
We often hear that our customers need a website for credibility, or that their competitors have one, or that having a new one will generate lots of new business.
Unfortunately having a website designed and developed isn’t going to open the sales floodgates and the famous film quote “ if you build it they will come” doesn’t apply to Hinckley web design.
Your website should be a place where your customers who need your services can find you and it should adhere to the latest web standards and be built around converting as many of your visitors into sales leads as possible.
If you want a Hinckley agency that doesn’t just focus on “pretty design”, but actually wants to make you more money by developing a website that converts, contact Go Websites on 0333 777 5050.
If you’re a business looking for a Hinckley web design agency who focuses on generating leads combined with great design, contact Go Websites on 0333 777 5050.
To learn more about how web design plays a role in your marketing efforts, request your free book “The Ultimate Local Marketing System”.

lowercased:
if you’re reading this page, chances are you’re looking for a web design agency in hinckley.
as a web design agency helping hinckley businesses, we want to know why you need a website.
we often hear that our customers need a website for credibility, or that their competitors have one, or that having a new one will generate lots of new business.
unfortunately having a website designed and developed isn’t going to open the sales floodgates and the famous film quote “ if you build it they will come” doesn’t apply to hinckley web design.
your website should be a place where your customers who need your services can find you and it should adhere to the latest web standards and be built around converting as many of your visitors into sales leads as possible.
if you want a hinckley agency that doesn’t just focus on “pretty design”, but actually wants to make you more money by developing a website that converts, contact go websites on 0333 777 5050.
if you’re a business looking for a hinckley web design agency who focuses on generating leads combined with great design, contact go websites on 0333 777 5050.
to learn more about how web design plays a role in your marketing efforts, request your free book “the ultimate local marketing system”.


text:
A mix of photographs from holidays, travelling, diving, and around the UK. We like to take pics of the natural world.
Although it seems far from over, here’s a couple of photos from this winter… The full Winter set is on Flickr.

lowercased:
a mix of photographs from holidays, travelling, diving, and around the uk. we like to take pics of the natural world.
although it seems far from over, here’s a couple of photos from this winter… the full winter set is on flickr.


text:
1,031 backers pledged $83,168 to help bring this project to life.
Want to add on items or get more of something? No problem! Just add the desired amount below to your pledge and more will be sent your way. Some of these prices are slightly higher because they include the extra shipping.
Hi there and welcome to my first ever Kickstarter campaign! My name is Lydia Fenwick, but the internet knows me best as "Lyfe Illustration." I am a professional illustrator from Southern California who has a passion for watercolor, ink, whimsical women and animals, and my panther chameleon sidekicks whom I affectionately refer to as tree dragons.
Kickstarter allows me to make something much bigger than I can on my own! The 30 day funding period allows me to create multiple new art products with the best quality possible and offer them to you for a much cheaper price than in my normal shop. The best part about this is that the bigger the campaign gets, the more I get to reward you all through stretch goals! Giving fancy gifts to my supporters is one of my favorite things to do, so I really hope we get there!
I have prepared A LOT of reward options for you all, including even more stretch goal additions!
FIRST is a better visual list of all pledge tiers available so you can see exactly what you will be getting in the one you choose! This also includes stretch goal extras as they are unlocked.
NEXT I have listed the rewards with as much detailed information as possible so you know exactly what each item is, including what you could get if we surpass our main goal!
*This is the mock-up cover art concept. Cover is being painted with watercolor and ink right now!
My main goal for this project is the "Galaxy Girls" book. It is filled with illustrations of constellations and astrology signs as well as descriptions of the lore behind them.
Below is a list of illustrations you will find in the book! Some pieces are in the mock-up stage and some are yet to be made. Throughout this campaign I will be working on the last pieces and will update this page as they are finished!
That's what you are by funding this Kickstarter! Everyone who pledges for a book ($35+) will have their name included in the back under my "Lyfe Supporters," the list of the very important people who brought this book to lyfe...life ;) After the campaign ends, a survey will be sent out for the name and/or @handle you wish to be listed as. If you wish to remain anonymous, that of course is ok as well.
*Real names only please, joke names and inappropriate @handles will not be printed.
I am illustrating a limited edition bookplate sticker, about 4"x3", as a collector's item for those who wish to have a signed book! It will come un-stuck so you can place it wherever you'd like.
I am not limiting this tier, so the edition total will be the unique number of signed book backers. However, this bookplate is a Kickstarter Exclusive and will not be available to any one else after the campaign ends!!
These sketches are limited to 50 backers who wish to support everything this campaign has to offer AND get a one of a kind doodle by me inside their book cover! Sketches will be randomized quick portraits and Galaxy Girls themed.
Every Original Book Art tier will also get a sketch inside their book covers as a thank you for supporting my original work!
*Please note these are mockups and final design may vary slightly...and be hella more shiny!
Shiny stickers are the best kinds of stickers! I'm making my first ever *holographic* stickers featuring these celestial cuties: fox, rabbit, and the galaxy version of my deer girl! More animals from the book can be unlocked as stickers if we reach certain social media stretch goals. Stickers will be 3-4 inches on their longest side.
*Purchasing only one pin is not available during the Kickstarter. If I am able to order extra, single pins will be available in my shop after for $15 each.
Is my obsession with shiny things obvious yet? I am releasing a set of my first ever gold and silver foil embellished prints! My specialty 5"x7" prints go for $15 each in my shop, so you are getting quite a deal with these tiers.
Graphic of Stretch Goals coming soon!
500 Retweets - Retweet this link here to unlock the Dragon sticker! ALL tiers will receive this reward!
500 Notes - And why not get Tumblr involved? If this post here gets 500 notes ALL tiers will receive the Pegasus sticker!
500 Shares - If this Facebook post here gets 500 shares ALL tiers will receive a Lynx sticker!
30,000 Likes - Ok Instagram, you are my main squeeze. If we get 30k likes on this post here ALL tiers will receive a Chameleon sticker!
10k UNLOCKED! - A tutorial will be added to the book!
12k UNLOCKED! - 5 more 5"x7" holographic prints will be added to the set! Deluxe set will now have 20!
15k UNLOCKED! - 5 more 5"x7" silver embellished prints will be added to the set! Deluxe set will now have 25!
18k UNLOCKED! - 6 more 5"x7" gold embellished prints will be added to the set! Deluxe set will now have the complete series of 31!
22k UNLOCKED! - A third enamel pin with be unlocked and sent to ALL pledges over $20!
25k UNLOCKED! - The book will become a hardcover!
35K UNLOCKED! - A Kickstarter exclusive bookmark will be unlocked and sent to ALL pledges with a book!
50K UNLOCKED! - A print of the cover will be unlocked and sent to ALL PLEDGES! 5"x7" for all pledges without a book and 8.5"x11" for all pledges with a book.
80K - All social media stickers, Dragon, Pegasus, Lynx, Chameleon, and a *mystery* sticker, will now be unlocked without having to reach specific like/retweet/share goals and sent to ALL PLEDGES!
Domestic Backers: I refuse to send you your package media mail as it has a much higher chance of getting damaged! Therefore all tiers will include tracking except the sticker only tier.
Please know I do not make any money off of shipping, and in some cases, I lose a bit.
As my main goal is making high quality art products, I will not rush production if it will lose quality. I have given myself a time cushion by giving an estimate ship date in April 2019, but they may arrive and ship sooner. I will keep you all updated on the process and status of production on here and my social media as often as possible!
This may be my first Kickstarter, but it is by no means my first "pre-order" type of project! I have over 3 years experience of producing quality products, selling my work online, and shipping all over the world. I am confident this will help me provide you with the best rewards on time!
That being said, with no previous Kickstarter to gauge how many backers I may receive, I could have more on my plate than anticipated. I have given myself a time cushion, and will update you along the way if any delays come up!
You get ALL the prints with the book! You shiny print collector, you. This pack is unsigned.
You get ALL the prints with the book! You shiny print collector, you. All prints and the book in this pack are SIGNED.
You want everything so you'll get EVERYTHING! And to make it better, this is the best deal you will ever get on my work as a thank you for wanting to support it ALL!

lowercased:
1,031 backers pledged $83,168 to help bring this project to life.
want to add on items or get more of something? no problem! just add the desired amount below to your pledge and more will be sent your way. some of these prices are slightly higher because they include the extra shipping.
hi there and welcome to my first ever kickstarter campaign! my name is lydia fenwick, but the internet knows me best as "lyfe illustration." i am a professional illustrator from southern california who has a passion for watercolor, ink, whimsical women and animals, and my panther chameleon sidekicks whom i affectionately refer to as tree dragons.
kickstarter allows me to make something much bigger than i can on my own! the 30 day funding period allows me to create multiple new art products with the best quality possible and offer them to you for a much cheaper price than in my normal shop. the best part about this is that the bigger the campaign gets, the more i get to reward you all through stretch goals! giving fancy gifts to my supporters is one of my favorite things to do, so i really hope we get there!
i have prepared a lot of reward options for you all, including even more stretch goal additions!
first is a better visual list of all pledge tiers available so you can see exactly what you will be getting in the one you choose! this also includes stretch goal extras as they are unlocked.
next i have listed the rewards with as much detailed information as possible so you know exactly what each item is, including what you could get if we surpass our main goal!
*this is the mock-up cover art concept. cover is being painted with watercolor and ink right now!
my main goal for this project is the "galaxy girls" book. it is filled with illustrations of constellations and astrology signs as well as descriptions of the lore behind them.
below is a list of illustrations you will find in the book! some pieces are in the mock-up stage and some are yet to be made. throughout this campaign i will be working on the last pieces and will update this page as they are finished!
that's what you are by funding this kickstarter! everyone who pledges for a book ($35+) will have their name included in the back under my "lyfe supporters," the list of the very important people who brought this book to lyfe...life ;) after the campaign ends, a survey will be sent out for the name and/or @handle you wish to be listed as. if you wish to remain anonymous, that of course is ok as well.
*real names only please, joke names and inappropriate @handles will not be printed.
i am illustrating a limited edition bookplate sticker, about 4"x3", as a collector's item for those who wish to have a signed book! it will come un-stuck so you can place it wherever you'd like.
i am not limiting this tier, so the edition total will be the unique number of signed book backers. however, this bookplate is a kickstarter exclusive and will not be available to any one else after the campaign ends!!
these sketches are limited to 50 backers who wish to support everything this campaign has to offer and get a one of a kind doodle by me inside their book cover! sketches will be randomized quick portraits and galaxy girls themed.
every original book art tier will also get a sketch inside their book covers as a thank you for supporting my original work!
*please note these are mockups and final design may vary slightly...and be hella more shiny!
shiny stickers are the best kinds of stickers! i'm making my first ever *holographic* stickers featuring these celestial cuties: fox, rabbit, and the galaxy version of my deer girl! more animals from the book can be unlocked as stickers if we reach certain social media stretch goals. stickers will be 3-4 inches on their longest side.
*purchasing only one pin is not available during the kickstarter. if i am able to order extra, single pins will be available in my shop after for $15 each.
is my obsession with shiny things obvious yet? i am releasing a set of my first ever gold and silver foil embellished prints! my specialty 5"x7" prints go for $15 each in my shop, so you are getting quite a deal with these tiers.
graphic of stretch goals coming soon!
500 retweets - retweet this link here to unlock the dragon sticker! all tiers will receive this reward!
500 notes - and why not get tumblr involved? if this post here gets 500 notes all tiers will receive the pegasus sticker!
500 shares - if this facebook post here gets 500 shares all tiers will receive a lynx sticker!
30,000 likes - ok instagram, you are my main squeeze. if we get 30k likes on this post here all tiers will receive a chameleon sticker!
10k unlocked! - a tutorial will be added to the book!
12k unlocked! - 5 more 5"x7" holographic prints will be added to the set! deluxe set will now have 20!
15k unlocked! - 5 more 5"x7" silver embellished prints will be added to the set! deluxe set will now have 25!
18k unlocked! - 6 more 5"x7" gold embellished prints will be added to the set! deluxe set will now have the complete series of 31!
22k unlocked! - a third enamel pin with be unlocked and sent to all pledges over $20!
25k unlocked! - the book will become a hardcover!
35k unlocked! - a kickstarter exclusive bookmark will be unlocked and sent to all pledges with a book!
50k unlocked! - a print of the cover will be unlocked and sent to all pledges! 5"x7" for all pledges without a book and 8.5"x11" for all pledges with a book.
80k - all social media stickers, dragon, pegasus, lynx, chameleon, and a *mystery* sticker, will now be unlocked without having to reach specific like/retweet/share goals and sent to all pledges!
domestic backers: i refuse to send you your package media mail as it has a much higher chance of getting damaged! therefore all tiers will include tracking except the sticker only tier.
please know i do not make any money off of shipping, and in some cases, i lose a bit.
as my main goal is making high quality art products, i will not rush production if it will lose quality. i have given myself a time cushion by giving an estimate ship date in april 2019, but they may arrive and ship sooner. i will keep you all updated on the process and status of production on here and my social media as often as possible!
this may be my first kickstarter, but it is by no means my first "pre-order" type of project! i have over 3 years experience of producing quality products, selling my work online, and shipping all over the world. i am confident this will help me provide you with the best rewards on time!
that being said, with no previous kickstarter to gauge how many backers i may receive, i could have more on my plate than anticipated. i have given myself a time cushion, and will update you along the way if any delays come up!
you get all the prints with the book! you shiny print collector, you. this pack is unsigned.
you get all the prints with the book! you shiny print collector, you. all prints and the book in this pack are signed.
you want everything so you'll get everything! and to make it better, this is the best deal you will ever get on my work as a thank you for wanting to support it all!


text:
About: I live intentionally - kind and patient, always willing to improve and grow. My friends know Im always there with a shoulder and an ear whenever needed. I may be reserved at first, but once you get.
About: Hi I am loyal honest person love family and like to watch plays and have fun.
About: Im a fun outgoing person. Great head on my shoulders.

lowercased:
about: i live intentionally - kind and patient, always willing to improve and grow. my friends know im always there with a shoulder and an ear whenever needed. i may be reserved at first, but once you get.
about: hi i am loyal honest person love family and like to watch plays and have fun.
about: im a fun outgoing person. great head on my shoulders.


text:
A kitchen is what makes a residence, a domestic. And when the person of the residence steps as much as this duty, it makes a lovely home. This newsletter lists down some, truly cool kitchen devices that help in making the task easier for all the gents out there.
A gentleman no longer only protects his lady from hazard but additionally knows a way to keep the day in her absence. Men from the twenty-first century have expanded their taste from highly-priced watches, cars, shoes, wallets, cologne and the likes and feature now zoomed onto discover kitchen and client electronics. Sure, the cutting-edge man is now in touch together with his innovative side and does not shy from exploring his options in the residence, especially within the kitchen. To add to it, the current introduction of advanced kitchen gadgets and Appliances has given their interest in cooking and culinary a big increase.
Examine all about these extravagant gadgets in This article and take a cue in case you are simply starting to test and attempt your talents in the kitchen.
This one is for the guys who desire to dedicate their undivided attention to work and home. Use the iPad whilst cooking to catch up on all you’re pending office work at home. You could also use it to your enjoyment and concentrate to track, songs, and watch films while that pot of stew simmers away. In case, you love cooking for that unique someone, the iPad can act as a recipe ebook and manual you with little by little commands on the way to make their preferred dish.
Men with their busy time table and stressful days hardly ever find the time to eat a nice meal, forget about approximately cooking one. The Digital mixer comes to the rescue of such Men, who are sure with the aid of their obligations as workmen, but as an own family man, desire to cook dinner up a delicious meal for their family. Cooking a nice meal is characterised with the aid of basic culinary capabilities like satisfactory cutting, dicing, and slicing of greens. The Digital mixer does all this paintings in seconds and saves lots of time, too. Many reliable manufacturers available within the marketplace include appealing add-ons which make kitchen paintings quite easy and rapid.
Living within the fast lane, you need to be tired of ordering take-outs and home deliveries. Every so often, cooking for your self and your buddies in preference to just ordering meals from eating places and speedy meals joints lends more pleasure to the meal. So what if you are a person and feature now not spent enough time inside the kitchen? The electrical Stonebake Pizza Oven is what you must be searching at. This must-have device for Men is straightforward-to-use and is able to cooking up the most scrumptious pizzas.
Having pals over at your place for beverages calls for you to have a bar that is replete and absolutely loaded with all the required stuff. Glaringly. For times like these, this is one kitchen tool as a way to make you a celebrity of residence events. Use it to make a few super cocktails and different cool and soothing liquids for your visitors. In case, you search for them, a few drink mixers additionally come with recipe books containing exclusive drink recipes.
The Ice Cream Ball is a fashionable device which facilitates you are making delicious ice cream. This tool works on the principle of thermodynamics and frozen water. Begin by using starting one end of the ball and upload ice. As soon as the ball is blanketed with ice, upload ½ a cup of salt. Near the lid and open the ball from the other facet, you may discover a cylinder. Fill the desired elements and begin dribbling the ball. Do it for short while and after starting the lid, you will see your favorite ice cream equipped to devour.
How lengthy does it clearly take for an egg to boil? I’m sure the solution might vary with every person reading This text. This trouble can be solved with the Foolproof Egg Timer. It’s far a timer which may be set to move off As soon as the eggs are boiled to the proper temperature. When you area your eggs inside the water and begin boiling them, drop within the egg timer too. Watch the egg timer carefully because it modifications its sides. Once the timer adjustments its color to the preferred volume, the eggs can be geared up to consume.
So, those are some first-class devices that Guys can use in the kitchen and make their work less complicated. If you ever plan to take at the kitchen responsibilities all with the aid of your self, the above referred to devices must be very helpful.

lowercased:
a kitchen is what makes a residence, a domestic. and when the person of the residence steps as much as this duty, it makes a lovely home. this newsletter lists down some, truly cool kitchen devices that help in making the task easier for all the gents out there.
a gentleman no longer only protects his lady from hazard but additionally knows a way to keep the day in her absence. men from the twenty-first century have expanded their taste from highly-priced watches, cars, shoes, wallets, cologne and the likes and feature now zoomed onto discover kitchen and client electronics. sure, the cutting-edge man is now in touch together with his innovative side and does not shy from exploring his options in the residence, especially within the kitchen. to add to it, the current introduction of advanced kitchen gadgets and appliances has given their interest in cooking and culinary a big increase.
examine all about these extravagant gadgets in this article and take a cue in case you are simply starting to test and attempt your talents in the kitchen.
this one is for the guys who desire to dedicate their undivided attention to work and home. use the ipad whilst cooking to catch up on all you’re pending office work at home. you could also use it to your enjoyment and concentrate to track, songs, and watch films while that pot of stew simmers away. in case, you love cooking for that unique someone, the ipad can act as a recipe ebook and manual you with little by little commands on the way to make their preferred dish.
men with their busy time table and stressful days hardly ever find the time to eat a nice meal, forget about approximately cooking one. the digital mixer comes to the rescue of such men, who are sure with the aid of their obligations as workmen, but as an own family man, desire to cook dinner up a delicious meal for their family. cooking a nice meal is characterised with the aid of basic culinary capabilities like satisfactory cutting, dicing, and slicing of greens. the digital mixer does all this paintings in seconds and saves lots of time, too. many reliable manufacturers available within the marketplace include appealing add-ons which make kitchen paintings quite easy and rapid.
living within the fast lane, you need to be tired of ordering take-outs and home deliveries. every so often, cooking for your self and your buddies in preference to just ordering meals from eating places and speedy meals joints lends more pleasure to the meal. so what if you are a person and feature now not spent enough time inside the kitchen? the electrical stonebake pizza oven is what you must be searching at. this must-have device for men is straightforward-to-use and is able to cooking up the most scrumptious pizzas.
having pals over at your place for beverages calls for you to have a bar that is replete and absolutely loaded with all the required stuff. glaringly. for times like these, this is one kitchen tool as a way to make you a celebrity of residence events. use it to make a few super cocktails and different cool and soothing liquids for your visitors. in case, you search for them, a few drink mixers additionally come with recipe books containing exclusive drink recipes.
the ice cream ball is a fashionable device which facilitates you are making delicious ice cream. this tool works on the principle of thermodynamics and frozen water. begin by using starting one end of the ball and upload ice. as soon as the ball is blanketed with ice, upload ½ a cup of salt. near the lid and open the ball from the other facet, you may discover a cylinder. fill the desired elements and begin dribbling the ball. do it for short while and after starting the lid, you will see your favorite ice cream equipped to devour.
how lengthy does it clearly take for an egg to boil? i’m sure the solution might vary with every person reading this text. this trouble can be solved with the foolproof egg timer. it’s far a timer which may be set to move off as soon as the eggs are boiled to the proper temperature. when you area your eggs inside the water and begin boiling them, drop within the egg timer too. watch the egg timer carefully because it modifications its sides. once the timer adjustments its color to the preferred volume, the eggs can be geared up to consume.
so, those are some first-class devices that guys can use in the kitchen and make their work less complicated. if you ever plan to take at the kitchen responsibilities all with the aid of your self, the above referred to devices must be very helpful.


text:
Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Noonmati Guwahati Jobs 2019 April - Teachers recruitment :- Welcome to North East India's No. 1 Job Portal NeCareer.com . Assam Jatiya Bidyalay Noonmati guwahati invites candidates (Females) for Teacher position for pre-school section.
Essential Qualification: Candidates must be graduate with Montessori training and also should have minimum 2 years of teaching experience in Pre-school. Candidates should have Assamese medium schooling background.
Interested candidates may collect application form and submit application from 03-04-2019 to 12-04-2019.
Interview Date : 19-04-2019 from 01 P.M.

lowercased:
assam jatiya bidyalay noonmati guwahati jobs 2019 april - teachers recruitment :- welcome to north east india's no. 1 job portal necareer.com . assam jatiya bidyalay noonmati guwahati invites candidates (females) for teacher position for pre-school section.
essential qualification: candidates must be graduate with montessori training and also should have minimum 2 years of teaching experience in pre-school. candidates should have assamese medium schooling background.
interested candidates may collect application form and submit application from 03-04-2019 to 12-04-2019.
interview date : 19-04-2019 from 01 p.m.


text:
To order by manually by check, click here for a printable copy of the Diet Manual Order Form.
Note: this links to a pdf file. You must have Adobe Acrobat Reader to open it. Acrobat is available free of charge from the Adobe Web site.

lowercased:
to order by manually by check, click here for a printable copy of the diet manual order form.
note: this links to a pdf file. you must have adobe acrobat reader to open it. acrobat is available free of charge from the adobe web site.


text: These Dark Indigo Gabbro Palm Stones are absolutely gorgeous! The color play is truly unique. A must have for any collection, don't miss out!

lowercased: these dark indigo gabbro palm stones are absolutely gorgeous! the color play is truly unique. a must have for any collection, don't miss out!


text:
Research on peer interaction has shown that how peers perceive one another plays a role in how they interact with one another during classroom tasks, thus influencing their pair dynamics and learning. This study investigated peer interactions in three mixed-age English as a foreign language (EFL) secondary school classrooms in Germany. Mixed-age is increasingly used, but is under-researched in language classrooms. Ten mixed-age pairs worked together on ten regular classroom tasks which were audio-recorded. After the unit of work, individual interviews were conducted in order to elicit learners’ perceptions of their interactions. The findings suggest that rather than perceptions of differing ages, it is the relationship among peers, perceptions of the partner’s proficiency and learners’ goals which greatly contribute to positive perceptions of learners’ interactions and impact on how peers interact with one another. However, findings also reveal traces of elder learners exercising authority and control over their younger partners.
Ahearn, L. (2001). Language and agency. Annual Review of Anthropology, 30, 109-137.
Edley, N., & Litosseliti, E. (2010). Contemplating interviews and focus groups. In Litosseliti, L. (Eds.), Research methods in linguistics (pp. 155-179). Continuum Intl Pub Group.
Fernández Dobao, A., & A. Blum. 2013. Collaborative writing in pairs and small groups: Learners’ attitudes and perceptions. System, 41, 365-378.
Kim, Y., & McDonough, K. (2008). The effect of interlocutor proficiency on the collaborative dialogue between Korean as a second language learners. Language Teaching Research, 12, 211-234.
Kowal, M., & Swain, M. 1994. Using collaborative language production tasks to promote learners’ language awareness. Language Awareness, 3, 73–93.
Leeser, M. J. (2004). Learner Proficiency and Focus on Form during Collaborative Dialogue. Language Teaching Research, 8(1), 55-81.
Li, M., & Zhu, W. (2017). Explaining dynamic interactions in wiki-based collaborative writing. Language Learning & Technology, 21, 96–120.
Lindström, E., & Lindahl, E. (2011). The Effect of Mixed-Age Classes in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 55(2), 121-144.
Ohta, A. S. (2001). Peer interactive tasks and assisted performance in classroom language learning. In A.S. Ohta, Second language acquisition processes in the classroom: Learning Japanese, (pp. 73-128). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Samuda V., & Bygate M. (2008). Tasks in Second Language Learning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Storch, N. (2005). Collaborative writing: Product, process, and learners’ reflections. Journal of Second Language Writing, 14, 153–173.
Swain, M. (2011). The inseparability of cognition and emotion in second language learning. Language Teaching, 46(2), 195-207. Cambridge University Press.
Swain, M., & Deters, P. (2007). “New” Mainstream SLA Theory: Expanded and Enriched. The Modern Language Journal, 91. 820–836.
Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (2002). Talking it through: Two French immersion learners’ response to reformulation. International Journal of Educational Research, (37), 285– 304.
Swain, M., & Miccoli, L. S. (1994). Learning in a content-based, collaboratively structured course: The experience of an adult ESL learner. TESL Canada Journal. 12(1), 15 –28.
van Lier, L. (2008). Agency in the classroom. In J.P. Lantolf and M.E. Poehner (Eds.), Sociocultural Theory and the Teaching of Second Language (pp. 163-188). London: Equinox.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Watanabe, Y. (2008). Peer-Peer Interaction between L2 Learners of Different Proficiency Levels: Their Interactions and Reflections. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 64(4), 605-635.
Watanabe, Y., & Swain, M. (2007). Effects of proficiency differences and patterns of pair interaction on second language learning: collaborative dialogue between adult ESL learners. Language Teaching Research, 11(2), 121-142.
Watanabe, Y., & Swain, M. (2008). Perception of Learner Proficiency: Its Impact on the Interaction Between an ESL Learner and Her Higher and Lower Proficiency Partners. Language Awareness, 17(2), 115-130.
Willis, D. & Willis, J. (2007). Doing Task-based Teaching: Oxford University Press.
Young, A., & Tedick, D. (2016). Collaborative dialogue in a two-way Spanish/English immersion classroom: Does heterogeneous grouping promote peer linguistic scaffolding? In M. Sato & S. Ballinger (Eds.), Peer interaction and second language learning: Pedagogical potential and research agenda (pp. 135-160). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Yule, G., & Macdonald, D. (1990). Resolving referential conflicts in L2 interaction: The effect of proficiency and interactive role. Language Learning, 40, 539–556.

lowercased:
research on peer interaction has shown that how peers perceive one another plays a role in how they interact with one another during classroom tasks, thus influencing their pair dynamics and learning. this study investigated peer interactions in three mixed-age english as a foreign language (efl) secondary school classrooms in germany. mixed-age is increasingly used, but is under-researched in language classrooms. ten mixed-age pairs worked together on ten regular classroom tasks which were audio-recorded. after the unit of work, individual interviews were conducted in order to elicit learners’ perceptions of their interactions. the findings suggest that rather than perceptions of differing ages, it is the relationship among peers, perceptions of the partner’s proficiency and learners’ goals which greatly contribute to positive perceptions of learners’ interactions and impact on how peers interact with one another. however, findings also reveal traces of elder learners exercising authority and control over their younger partners.
ahearn, l. (2001). language and agency. annual review of anthropology, 30, 109-137.
edley, n., & litosseliti, e. (2010). contemplating interviews and focus groups. in litosseliti, l. (eds.), research methods in linguistics (pp. 155-179). continuum intl pub group.
fernández dobao, a., & a. blum. 2013. collaborative writing in pairs and small groups: learners’ attitudes and perceptions. system, 41, 365-378.
kim, y., & mcdonough, k. (2008). the effect of interlocutor proficiency on the collaborative dialogue between korean as a second language learners. language teaching research, 12, 211-234.
kowal, m., & swain, m. 1994. using collaborative language production tasks to promote learners’ language awareness. language awareness, 3, 73–93.
leeser, m. j. (2004). learner proficiency and focus on form during collaborative dialogue. language teaching research, 8(1), 55-81.
li, m., & zhu, w. (2017). explaining dynamic interactions in wiki-based collaborative writing. language learning & technology, 21, 96–120.
lindström, e., & lindahl, e. (2011). the effect of mixed-age classes in sweden. scandinavian journal of educational research, 55(2), 121-144.
ohta, a. s. (2001). peer interactive tasks and assisted performance in classroom language learning. in a.s. ohta, second language acquisition processes in the classroom: learning japanese, (pp. 73-128). mahwah, nj: lawrence erlbaum.
samuda v., & bygate m. (2008). tasks in second language learning. new york: palgrave macmillan.
storch, n. (2005). collaborative writing: product, process, and learners’ reflections. journal of second language writing, 14, 153–173.
swain, m. (2011). the inseparability of cognition and emotion in second language learning. language teaching, 46(2), 195-207. cambridge university press.
swain, m., & deters, p. (2007). “new” mainstream sla theory: expanded and enriched. the modern language journal, 91. 820–836.
swain, m., & lapkin, s. (2002). talking it through: two french immersion learners’ response to reformulation. international journal of educational research, (37), 285– 304.
swain, m., & miccoli, l. s. (1994). learning in a content-based, collaboratively structured course: the experience of an adult esl learner. tesl canada journal. 12(1), 15 –28.
van lier, l. (2008). agency in the classroom. in j.p. lantolf and m.e. poehner (eds.), sociocultural theory and the teaching of second language (pp. 163-188). london: equinox.
vygotsky, l. s. (1986). thought and language. cambridge, ma: mit press.
watanabe, y. (2008). peer-peer interaction between l2 learners of different proficiency levels: their interactions and reflections. the canadian modern language review, 64(4), 605-635.
watanabe, y., & swain, m. (2007). effects of proficiency differences and patterns of pair interaction on second language learning: collaborative dialogue between adult esl learners. language teaching research, 11(2), 121-142.
watanabe, y., & swain, m. (2008). perception of learner proficiency: its impact on the interaction between an esl learner and her higher and lower proficiency partners. language awareness, 17(2), 115-130.
willis, d. & willis, j. (2007). doing task-based teaching: oxford university press.
young, a., & tedick, d. (2016). collaborative dialogue in a two-way spanish/english immersion classroom: does heterogeneous grouping promote peer linguistic scaffolding? in m. sato & s. ballinger (eds.), peer interaction and second language learning: pedagogical potential and research agenda (pp. 135-160). amsterdam: john benjamins publishing company.
yule, g., & macdonald, d. (1990). resolving referential conflicts in l2 interaction: the effect of proficiency and interactive role. language learning, 40, 539–556.


text: Fun, Fringe, and Fur! This designer bedding collection is totally trendy. Our blush pink quilt combines with bold black stripes, metallic Dalmatian print, fur, fringe, and bows. Gotta have it? We feel ya! It's FUR-IFFIC!

lowercased: fun, fringe, and fur! this designer bedding collection is totally trendy. our blush pink quilt combines with bold black stripes, metallic dalmatian print, fur, fringe, and bows. gotta have it? we feel ya! it's fur-iffic!


text:
Before diving into technical and architectural details, I need to first cover some basics. I hope this initial review cuts through any lurking confusion on basic BPM terminology, methods, and modeling approach.
A Task is a modeling element, from the BPMN/CMMN notation, representing a unit of work. The task also provides a container metaphor and classification for a group of one or more services (human and system) dedicated, from a valued output perspective, towards the completion of a dependent business process. The process model (from BPMN) defines the context and placement, via the task’s value-add dependency.
Including the term “activity” in our definition.
A process-oriented activity is an abstract type and implies work performed within a process. This “work” refers to one or more assigned tasks. An activity also implies responsibility and participation. Though the terms “task” and “activity” are often used synonymously they are not the same. A task is a unit of work (atomic) – an activity is work performed and includes one or more tasks.
In context to business functional decomposition, most analysts turn to Porter’s value-chain methodology (consciously or not). This approach provides the mental tools generally required to form initial abstractions. These abstractions illustrate the relationships between functional tasks necessary for the transformation of resource and effort into viable product. However, with a focus on “business function” we’re guided towards seeking out the necessary means towards production – as in the immediate visualization of an assembly line. I’m thinking of a conveyor belt moving along various work-stations. Each station contributing effort and resources into the product’s construction.
The problem though with functional decomposition, in context to value-chain analysis, is that it implies the application of effort and resources along an abstract production line. Read left to right (see below illustration), we end up with a model lacking the concept of human and systems collaboration outside the line. The fact is that a value-chain model, as its name implies, communicates the need for focused effort whereby each worker dedicates their attention within their station’s boundaries.
The value-chain abstracts a production-line. A production-line defined by the role its attached workers/systems play (functionally) during the creation of commercial goods and services. Key point is that resources flow through the production line (value-chain instance).
The value-chain methodology breaks down when attempting to model contemporary commercial services. Concepts like “information worker” and collaboration lack notation. Consequently, value-chain analysis falls short of fully conceptualizing (and thereby utilizing) the complete picture of modern commerce, capability, and potential.
Now visualize a modern business office… there is no assembly line. The relationships between workers is both virtual and dynamic. People and systems collaborate as needed to get the job done. And, this network of collaboration isn’t bolted to the floor – the flow of materials takes a path defined by each worker’s skill and availability. They collaborate: ability, skills, and knowledge are shared as often as they are applied towards commercial genesis. We now require BPM, as a methodology, to fill in the details of contemporary complex human and systems interactions.
In BPM, the Task works as a container who’s definition is abstract. Meaning that we only know what gets done as a result of its instantiation. The worker is distilled out of the task’s definition so that he or she is then later assigned via the process model. The process model joins worker (participant), via their role, to the Task. The process then aligns skills/capability to requirements (skills/worker to Task) via their participation within the process instance.
Given that a BPM Task only represent units of work (i.e. what gets done and not how it’s done), we now have a concept to help organize our thoughts around information technology and its relationship to people and automation (agents). People require technology as apposed to the Task itself. The Task doesn’t define a point-solution (application). Instead, we build the technical tools required by our information-workers. These tools are then applied, as needed, based on role and participation. This approach contrasts with the value-chain methodology whereby a worker’s function is defined by their assigned station.
It’s important is to understand the differences between these methodologies and their contribution. Porter’s Value-chain doesn’t necessarily contradict BPM’s effort. These two perspectives are complimentary as long as their boundaries and analysis are both clearly understood and reasonably applied.
So, we’ll compare each with an approach towards a mixed application – each doing its part, as a methodology, towards delivering a complete solution.
Representing a value-add perspective of business activities within the organization’s networked, or linked, operations (Porter 1985).
Activities are discrete economic functions or processes, such as managing a supply chain, operating a sales force, developing products, or delivering them to the customer. An activity is usually a mix of people, technology, fixed assets, sometimes working capital, and various types of information (Magretta 2013).
This model representing a value-add perspective of business activities within the organization’s networked, or linked, operations.
Extending Porter’s model we apply the service-oriented construct in representing our activity as a single or orchestrated collection of technical services. In this model, business value is represented as managed system capabilities whereby, “each value chain is a use case of the services it uses” (Commins 2010). The operations business activity (value-chain function) includes “process management” because, as a service, it plays a supporting role in its defining use case.
In contrast to Porter’s Activity, as linked operations, a BPM Task (or BPM Activity) has its focus on measured work-output as value received from either genesis or state change within represented business objects. Porter’s Activity doesn’t necessarily include Worker/Task participation whereas this relationship is vital to our BPM Task implementation.
In context to a BPM process model, a Task’s work output is measured as the value received. The necessary effort required to produce this value marks the task’s beginning and end. And, given need for quality and efficiency alongside speed, our scope includes any resources the participant requires to complete this task.
Work output is measured as the value received from either the genesis or state change in business objects.
In this model we combine Task, Process, and Service models into a holistic view representing our process-oriented architecture.
Web-UI and Business Services are identified and aligned to task and process requirements. Our goal being the development of loosely coupled service components across applications.
Web-UI and Business Services identified and aligned to task and process requirements.
Cummins, Fred A. (2010) Building the agile enterprise: with SOA, BPM and MBM. Morgan Kaufmann.

lowercased:
before diving into technical and architectural details, i need to first cover some basics. i hope this initial review cuts through any lurking confusion on basic bpm terminology, methods, and modeling approach.
a task is a modeling element, from the bpmn/cmmn notation, representing a unit of work. the task also provides a container metaphor and classification for a group of one or more services (human and system) dedicated, from a valued output perspective, towards the completion of a dependent business process. the process model (from bpmn) defines the context and placement, via the task’s value-add dependency.
including the term “activity” in our definition.
a process-oriented activity is an abstract type and implies work performed within a process. this “work” refers to one or more assigned tasks. an activity also implies responsibility and participation. though the terms “task” and “activity” are often used synonymously they are not the same. a task is a unit of work (atomic) – an activity is work performed and includes one or more tasks.
in context to business functional decomposition, most analysts turn to porter’s value-chain methodology (consciously or not). this approach provides the mental tools generally required to form initial abstractions. these abstractions illustrate the relationships between functional tasks necessary for the transformation of resource and effort into viable product. however, with a focus on “business function” we’re guided towards seeking out the necessary means towards production – as in the immediate visualization of an assembly line. i’m thinking of a conveyor belt moving along various work-stations. each station contributing effort and resources into the product’s construction.
the problem though with functional decomposition, in context to value-chain analysis, is that it implies the application of effort and resources along an abstract production line. read left to right (see below illustration), we end up with a model lacking the concept of human and systems collaboration outside the line. the fact is that a value-chain model, as its name implies, communicates the need for focused effort whereby each worker dedicates their attention within their station’s boundaries.
the value-chain abstracts a production-line. a production-line defined by the role its attached workers/systems play (functionally) during the creation of commercial goods and services. key point is that resources flow through the production line (value-chain instance).
the value-chain methodology breaks down when attempting to model contemporary commercial services. concepts like “information worker” and collaboration lack notation. consequently, value-chain analysis falls short of fully conceptualizing (and thereby utilizing) the complete picture of modern commerce, capability, and potential.
now visualize a modern business office… there is no assembly line. the relationships between workers is both virtual and dynamic. people and systems collaborate as needed to get the job done. and, this network of collaboration isn’t bolted to the floor – the flow of materials takes a path defined by each worker’s skill and availability. they collaborate: ability, skills, and knowledge are shared as often as they are applied towards commercial genesis. we now require bpm, as a methodology, to fill in the details of contemporary complex human and systems interactions.
in bpm, the task works as a container who’s definition is abstract. meaning that we only know what gets done as a result of its instantiation. the worker is distilled out of the task’s definition so that he or she is then later assigned via the process model. the process model joins worker (participant), via their role, to the task. the process then aligns skills/capability to requirements (skills/worker to task) via their participation within the process instance.
given that a bpm task only represent units of work (i.e. what gets done and not how it’s done), we now have a concept to help organize our thoughts around information technology and its relationship to people and automation (agents). people require technology as apposed to the task itself. the task doesn’t define a point-solution (application). instead, we build the technical tools required by our information-workers. these tools are then applied, as needed, based on role and participation. this approach contrasts with the value-chain methodology whereby a worker’s function is defined by their assigned station.
it’s important is to understand the differences between these methodologies and their contribution. porter’s value-chain doesn’t necessarily contradict bpm’s effort. these two perspectives are complimentary as long as their boundaries and analysis are both clearly understood and reasonably applied.
so, we’ll compare each with an approach towards a mixed application – each doing its part, as a methodology, towards delivering a complete solution.
representing a value-add perspective of business activities within the organization’s networked, or linked, operations (porter 1985).
activities are discrete economic functions or processes, such as managing a supply chain, operating a sales force, developing products, or delivering them to the customer. an activity is usually a mix of people, technology, fixed assets, sometimes working capital, and various types of information (magretta 2013).
this model representing a value-add perspective of business activities within the organization’s networked, or linked, operations.
extending porter’s model we apply the service-oriented construct in representing our activity as a single or orchestrated collection of technical services. in this model, business value is represented as managed system capabilities whereby, “each value chain is a use case of the services it uses” (commins 2010). the operations business activity (value-chain function) includes “process management” because, as a service, it plays a supporting role in its defining use case.
in contrast to porter’s activity, as linked operations, a bpm task (or bpm activity) has its focus on measured work-output as value received from either genesis or state change within represented business objects. porter’s activity doesn’t necessarily include worker/task participation whereas this relationship is vital to our bpm task implementation.
in context to a bpm process model, a task’s work output is measured as the value received. the necessary effort required to produce this value marks the task’s beginning and end. and, given need for quality and efficiency alongside speed, our scope includes any resources the participant requires to complete this task.
work output is measured as the value received from either the genesis or state change in business objects.
in this model we combine task, process, and service models into a holistic view representing our process-oriented architecture.
web-ui and business services are identified and aligned to task and process requirements. our goal being the development of loosely coupled service components across applications.
web-ui and business services identified and aligned to task and process requirements.
cummins, fred a. (2010) building the agile enterprise: with soa, bpm and mbm. morgan kaufmann.


text:
This is the second half of a two part article. If you would like to read part one please click here.
10. Private foundations cannot conduct political activities.
All Canadian registered charities, regardless of their designation, have the ability to engage in non-partisan political activities that are related to their objects, as long as the charity devotes substantially all of its resources to charitable activities. In general, a private foundation can spend 10% or less of its resources on political activities. The scope of a private foundation’s ability to conduct political activities will depend on the size and expenditures of the foundation and the scope of its objects. CRA has a valuable guide on Political Activities for Canadian registered charities. If a private foundation wants to have great impact, it should carefully consider possible involvement in non-partisan political activities. This brief video from the Maytree Foundation is quite useful in that regard.
11. Private foundations are ‘private’.
CRA requires that all Canadian registered charities complete a Form T3010 – Registered Charity Information Return on an annual basis. Most information contained in the T3010 and its schedules (which includes financial information of the charity) is publicly available on the CRA’s web site. Private foundations are not excluded from this transparency requirement. If you really want privacy and anonymity there are other better options than private foundations such as working directly with a charitable organization or public foundation or establishing a donor advised funds.
12. When a private foundation makes a gift to a registered charity it should receive an official donation receipt.
This is incorrect. When a Canadian registered charity (irrespective of its designation) provides funds to another Canadian registered charity or other qualified donee it does not receive an official donation receipt. It simply does not need one as the donor charity is tax exempt and therefore could not use the official donation receipt as it will not have taxable income. A private foundation should ensure that, when making a gift to a charity, the charity is currently registered with the Canada Revenue Agency and the private foundation should note the BN number and the amount of the donation so that it can accurately complete its T3010 filing. It is inappropriate for a private foundation to request an official donation receipt and it is inappropriate for another Canadian registered charity to provide a private foundation with such receipt. A charity can provide an acknowledgement or business receipt to the private foundation if it so desires. Additional helpful information about receipting can be found in Blumbergs’ Receipting Kit.
13. Once a private foundation is established and approved by the Canada Revenue Agency it cannot change its objects or methods of operation.
This is a common myth. Private foundations, just like other charities, typically can make changes to both their objects and methods of operation. If your private foundation is going to change its objects it will require CRA pre-approval for such a change. It is a good idea to speak to a charity lawyer familiar with CRA requirements and expectations in order to assist you with this process. The process can take between 6 and 9 months depending upon the CRA backlog and the jurisdiction in which the foundation is established.
14. A private foundation is named after the main donor.
Private foundations, just like other charities, can use any name as long as it is not confusing and does not violate certain prescribed rules. While some private foundations have a family’s name attached to it, many private foundations use a name that focuses on its mission.
15. A donation to a private foundation needs to be endowed.
Definitely not. Before 2010, if a donor contributed for example $100,000 to a private foundation and received an official donation receipt for the contribution, the foundation was required to spend $80,000 the following year on charitable activities or gifts to qualified donees. This was referred to as the “80/20 rule”. If you wanted to avoid such a result, you would make a “10-year gift” to the foundation which meant that the capital needed to be endowed for at least 10 years with generally only the income being spent each year. Some 10-year gifts were only restricted for 10 years and others were perpetual endowments. In 2010, the Income Tax Act was amended to remove the 80/20 rule referenced above. Therefore, there is now no reason when contributing to a private foundation to use 10-year gifts or to endow capital in the foundation even if you want to keep the funds in the foundation for the long term. Some foundations may wish their board to self-restrict funds, but creating a perpetual endowment can often undermine the value, flexibility and impact of the charitable funds in a private foundation.
Obtaining charitable status as a private foundation is a privilege, which comes with many obligations and responsibilities. It is important that private foundations understand their regulatory obligations and comply with the rules. An important part of understanding the regulatory system is also understanding these fallacies which can, in some cases, significantly impede a private foundation’s activities and effectiveness.
In the North American environment, community foundations and commercially sponsored foundations have criticized private foundations in order to market donor advised funds. Casting private foundations as the straw man to sell another philanthropic option is unfortunate, and occasionally quite misleading. In many cases, the donor who is considering a donor-advised fund should not be considering a private foundation. The scale, structure and responsibility are different, despite certain functional similarities.
If you are planning on establishing a private foundation, it is best to obtain appropriate legal and practical advice before you donate large amounts of money in a way that could significantly hinder the effectiveness of your philanthropic work. The same argument can be made when it comes to depositing large amounts of money in a donor advised fund. I have seen many donors provide large contributions to donor advised funds, not fully understand all the terms and conditions and then a few years later become extremely disappointed that they cannot do what they now want to do. Private foundations are not appropriate for everyone and it is best to establish them only if you really understand how they operate and can be used.
For those who want to have a great degree of control over their philanthropic funds and strategy, private foundations provide a useful vehicle. For Canadians who don’t have children or who have more wealth than they wish to provide for their children, private foundations may be a useful tool for dividing your wealth between family and public causes that you care about. There are certainly very generous tax incentives for donating to a private foundation; however, those tax incentives can be achieved through other mechanisms and a private foundation is certainly not the best approach for many philanthropists. If you are going to establish a private foundation, make sure you obtain appropriate advice from counsel who is knowledgeable about the area.

lowercased:
this is the second half of a two part article. if you would like to read part one please click here.
10. private foundations cannot conduct political activities.
all canadian registered charities, regardless of their designation, have the ability to engage in non-partisan political activities that are related to their objects, as long as the charity devotes substantially all of its resources to charitable activities. in general, a private foundation can spend 10% or less of its resources on political activities. the scope of a private foundation’s ability to conduct political activities will depend on the size and expenditures of the foundation and the scope of its objects. cra has a valuable guide on political activities for canadian registered charities. if a private foundation wants to have great impact, it should carefully consider possible involvement in non-partisan political activities. this brief video from the maytree foundation is quite useful in that regard.
11. private foundations are ‘private’.
cra requires that all canadian registered charities complete a form t3010 – registered charity information return on an annual basis. most information contained in the t3010 and its schedules (which includes financial information of the charity) is publicly available on the cra’s web site. private foundations are not excluded from this transparency requirement. if you really want privacy and anonymity there are other better options than private foundations such as working directly with a charitable organization or public foundation or establishing a donor advised funds.
12. when a private foundation makes a gift to a registered charity it should receive an official donation receipt.
this is incorrect. when a canadian registered charity (irrespective of its designation) provides funds to another canadian registered charity or other qualified donee it does not receive an official donation receipt. it simply does not need one as the donor charity is tax exempt and therefore could not use the official donation receipt as it will not have taxable income. a private foundation should ensure that, when making a gift to a charity, the charity is currently registered with the canada revenue agency and the private foundation should note the bn number and the amount of the donation so that it can accurately complete its t3010 filing. it is inappropriate for a private foundation to request an official donation receipt and it is inappropriate for another canadian registered charity to provide a private foundation with such receipt. a charity can provide an acknowledgement or business receipt to the private foundation if it so desires. additional helpful information about receipting can be found in blumbergs’ receipting kit.
13. once a private foundation is established and approved by the canada revenue agency it cannot change its objects or methods of operation.
this is a common myth. private foundations, just like other charities, typically can make changes to both their objects and methods of operation. if your private foundation is going to change its objects it will require cra pre-approval for such a change. it is a good idea to speak to a charity lawyer familiar with cra requirements and expectations in order to assist you with this process. the process can take between 6 and 9 months depending upon the cra backlog and the jurisdiction in which the foundation is established.
14. a private foundation is named after the main donor.
private foundations, just like other charities, can use any name as long as it is not confusing and does not violate certain prescribed rules. while some private foundations have a family’s name attached to it, many private foundations use a name that focuses on its mission.
15. a donation to a private foundation needs to be endowed.
definitely not. before 2010, if a donor contributed for example $100,000 to a private foundation and received an official donation receipt for the contribution, the foundation was required to spend $80,000 the following year on charitable activities or gifts to qualified donees. this was referred to as the “80/20 rule”. if you wanted to avoid such a result, you would make a “10-year gift” to the foundation which meant that the capital needed to be endowed for at least 10 years with generally only the income being spent each year. some 10-year gifts were only restricted for 10 years and others were perpetual endowments. in 2010, the income tax act was amended to remove the 80/20 rule referenced above. therefore, there is now no reason when contributing to a private foundation to use 10-year gifts or to endow capital in the foundation even if you want to keep the funds in the foundation for the long term. some foundations may wish their board to self-restrict funds, but creating a perpetual endowment can often undermine the value, flexibility and impact of the charitable funds in a private foundation.
obtaining charitable status as a private foundation is a privilege, which comes with many obligations and responsibilities. it is important that private foundations understand their regulatory obligations and comply with the rules. an important part of understanding the regulatory system is also understanding these fallacies which can, in some cases, significantly impede a private foundation’s activities and effectiveness.
in the north american environment, community foundations and commercially sponsored foundations have criticized private foundations in order to market donor advised funds. casting private foundations as the straw man to sell another philanthropic option is unfortunate, and occasionally quite misleading. in many cases, the donor who is considering a donor-advised fund should not be considering a private foundation. the scale, structure and responsibility are different, despite certain functional similarities.
if you are planning on establishing a private foundation, it is best to obtain appropriate legal and practical advice before you donate large amounts of money in a way that could significantly hinder the effectiveness of your philanthropic work. the same argument can be made when it comes to depositing large amounts of money in a donor advised fund. i have seen many donors provide large contributions to donor advised funds, not fully understand all the terms and conditions and then a few years later become extremely disappointed that they cannot do what they now want to do. private foundations are not appropriate for everyone and it is best to establish them only if you really understand how they operate and can be used.
for those who want to have a great degree of control over their philanthropic funds and strategy, private foundations provide a useful vehicle. for canadians who don’t have children or who have more wealth than they wish to provide for their children, private foundations may be a useful tool for dividing your wealth between family and public causes that you care about. there are certainly very generous tax incentives for donating to a private foundation; however, those tax incentives can be achieved through other mechanisms and a private foundation is certainly not the best approach for many philanthropists. if you are going to establish a private foundation, make sure you obtain appropriate advice from counsel who is knowledgeable about the area.


text:
Stitch Fix is the non-public style service that evolves along with your style, wants and way of life. Equally, clothing has seasonal and regional elements, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are usually worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones. The Golds Health club Clothing line consists of vests, tanks, t-shirts, sweatshirts, shorts, crop-tops, and so on.
Scroll by our selection of sarees in women’s clothing and take pleasure in a timeless look of glamour and grace. Many sportswear brands have launched a new vary of fashionable stringer vests, which are often woven from one hundred % combed cotton.
At present we do extra than just supply a portion of our sales to them, however I’ve had the honor of being a part of their mentoring program, working on the manager board of their coalition and being an ambassador for all that they do. I’m honored that they permit me to be part of their family.
When you’ve been keeping up with Bella+Sophia Clothing, then chances are you’ll know that we give a portion of our gross sales back to the group by way of local programs that serve at risk youth. To begin off the record of most evident warning indicators of pretend designer clothing and equipment, we should always refer principally to new sellers available on the market.
In cosmopolitan cities like Algiers, most girls wear Western fashion clothing for on a regular basis trend. We researched our rivals and realized they had been providing prolonged holiday return, decrease costs, low bids on auctions and different manufacturers that we simply ignored when going thrift procuring.

lowercased:
stitch fix is the non-public style service that evolves along with your style, wants and way of life. equally, clothing has seasonal and regional elements, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are usually worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones. the golds health club clothing line consists of vests, tanks, t-shirts, sweatshirts, shorts, crop-tops, and so on.
scroll by our selection of sarees in women’s clothing and take pleasure in a timeless look of glamour and grace. many sportswear brands have launched a new vary of fashionable stringer vests, which are often woven from one hundred % combed cotton.
at present we do extra than just supply a portion of our sales to them, however i’ve had the honor of being a part of their mentoring program, working on the manager board of their coalition and being an ambassador for all that they do. i’m honored that they permit me to be part of their family.
when you’ve been keeping up with bella+sophia clothing, then chances are you’ll know that we give a portion of our gross sales back to the group by way of local programs that serve at risk youth. to begin off the record of most evident warning indicators of pretend designer clothing and equipment, we should always refer principally to new sellers available on the market.
in cosmopolitan cities like algiers, most girls wear western fashion clothing for on a regular basis trend. we researched our rivals and realized they had been providing prolonged holiday return, decrease costs, low bids on auctions and different manufacturers that we simply ignored when going thrift procuring.