text:
"Walking Off A Paper Landscape" is a free workshop, which takes place on Saturday October 13 in Rathangan Community Library.
It will be of interest to locals and to anyone who would like to plan walks in and around their community. This workshop makes use of local knowledge, estate and ordnance survey maps, and online resources, to identify forgotten places and pathways in and around Rathangan.
A forgotten Fuller Mill points to a time, over 250 years ago, when a thriving Quaker community processed wool in Rathangan. Other maps list the names of families, long gone, who leased farms from the Earl of Kildare, altered the landscape, and built many of the oldest buildings in the area. Other maps show the proposed routes for roads that were never made, or the routes of rivers long since dredged and their path altered.
Amongst those leading the workshop are Michael Fortune, and Michael Jacob.
The artist/folklorist Michael Fortune works predominantly in film and photography. Much of his practice revolves around the collection of material – material generated from the collaboration and exchange with the people he encounters. Michael’s ongoing work in his home county of Wexford captures history, folklore and personal experiences of particular communities living in particular places and is featured on the website www.aboutthisplace.ie He presents a regular slot on the Sean O’Rourke show, Radio1, on Ireland’s ancient and contemporary folklore.
Michael Jacob is a highly regarded environmentalist and educator, who takes a keen interest in the protection and conservation of peatland habitats. A founder member of Butterfly Conservation Ireland he regularly leads field trips focusing on the plant and wildlife to be found in hedgerows, woodlands, waterways and bogs. He takes a keen interest in the meaning and history of place-names, and has a particular interest in the Bog Commission Maps 1809-1814 which set out how a million acres of bog could be drained and brought into production.
The workshop will provide participants with an approach to planning walks which link people, place, history and folklore.
As the workshop is funded under Kildare County Council Creative Ireland Bursary Awards 2018 admission is free, but booking essential. For further information or to book a place phone 045 528078 or email rathanganlib@kildarecoco.ie.

lowercased:
"walking off a paper landscape" is a free workshop, which takes place on saturday october 13 in rathangan community library.
it will be of interest to locals and to anyone who would like to plan walks in and around their community. this workshop makes use of local knowledge, estate and ordnance survey maps, and online resources, to identify forgotten places and pathways in and around rathangan.
a forgotten fuller mill points to a time, over 250 years ago, when a thriving quaker community processed wool in rathangan. other maps list the names of families, long gone, who leased farms from the earl of kildare, altered the landscape, and built many of the oldest buildings in the area. other maps show the proposed routes for roads that were never made, or the routes of rivers long since dredged and their path altered.
amongst those leading the workshop are michael fortune, and michael jacob.
the artist/folklorist michael fortune works predominantly in film and photography. much of his practice revolves around the collection of material – material generated from the collaboration and exchange with the people he encounters. michael’s ongoing work in his home county of wexford captures history, folklore and personal experiences of particular communities living in particular places and is featured on the website www.aboutthisplace.ie he presents a regular slot on the sean o’rourke show, radio1, on ireland’s ancient and contemporary folklore.
michael jacob is a highly regarded environmentalist and educator, who takes a keen interest in the protection and conservation of peatland habitats. a founder member of butterfly conservation ireland he regularly leads field trips focusing on the plant and wildlife to be found in hedgerows, woodlands, waterways and bogs. he takes a keen interest in the meaning and history of place-names, and has a particular interest in the bog commission maps 1809-1814 which set out how a million acres of bog could be drained and brought into production.
the workshop will provide participants with an approach to planning walks which link people, place, history and folklore.
as the workshop is funded under kildare county council creative ireland bursary awards 2018 admission is free, but booking essential. for further information or to book a place phone 045 528078 or email rathanganlib@kildarecoco.ie.


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We are a company engaged in the business of providing total software solutions that enhance simplicity at work of our clients. ABS Information Systems (Pvt) Ltd [formerly Advanced Business Solutions (Pvt) Ltd] was established in the year 1999 and has achieved a significant growth during the past 15 years.
We operate as the Sole Authorized Master Channel Partner for well-known Indian software “Tally” Accounting and Inventory Management System. We provide state-of-the art total solutions with extended support services to our customers. Presently there are over one thousand customers in Sri Lanka who are using our solutions to leverage their businesses.
Apart from marketing off-the-shelf software solutions, at ABS we help companies to become a winning organization by streamlining their essential internal processes through providing customized vertical software solutions. It is our business to understand organizational strategies and processes and determine how information systems can enhance productivity. Some of the solutions we have provided are Fixed Asset Management, Payroll and Attendance Management, Freight Management, Warranty Management, Project Management, etc.
We guarantee that our highly trained staff will provide you with the best possible advice to help you in the selection of products that are ideal for your business’s needs, thus enabling you to get timely and accurate information.
We guarantee to always give you courteous, prompt and efficient service.
ABS Information Systems (Pvt) Ltd is an active member of Sri Lanka’s unified umbrella IT industry association Federation of Information Technology Industry Sri Lanka (FITIS) and its software chapter Sri Lanka Association for the Software Industries (SLASI).

lowercased:
we are a company engaged in the business of providing total software solutions that enhance simplicity at work of our clients. abs information systems (pvt) ltd [formerly advanced business solutions (pvt) ltd] was established in the year 1999 and has achieved a significant growth during the past 15 years.
we operate as the sole authorized master channel partner for well-known indian software “tally” accounting and inventory management system. we provide state-of-the art total solutions with extended support services to our customers. presently there are over one thousand customers in sri lanka who are using our solutions to leverage their businesses.
apart from marketing off-the-shelf software solutions, at abs we help companies to become a winning organization by streamlining their essential internal processes through providing customized vertical software solutions. it is our business to understand organizational strategies and processes and determine how information systems can enhance productivity. some of the solutions we have provided are fixed asset management, payroll and attendance management, freight management, warranty management, project management, etc.
we guarantee that our highly trained staff will provide you with the best possible advice to help you in the selection of products that are ideal for your business’s needs, thus enabling you to get timely and accurate information.
we guarantee to always give you courteous, prompt and efficient service.
abs information systems (pvt) ltd is an active member of sri lanka’s unified umbrella it industry association federation of information technology industry sri lanka (fitis) and its software chapter sri lanka association for the software industries (slasi).


text:
Have you ever thought about having a professional closet designer visit your home? Some may think of it as a luxury, while other know of it as a necessity! As a Organizing and Efficiency Specialist, I know the importance of having the right tools and systems to simplify life.
Recently, I had the great privilege of interviewing Frank Longhetto, owner of Closet Crafters. I am so excited to share the inside scoop about his amazing closet systems.
First, let me fill you in about Frank, he has been in the closet business since 1985. He was looking for a job in San Diego and was hired as a closet installer. Frank told me, he still prefers to be the one to visit peoples homes and/or offices and design their perfect closet system. He finds so much joy in closet organization. He says, “It really changes peoples lives.” It’s not like a diet where you have to wait for a result! This life changing experience occurs when your closet is complete. There is a home for everything in your closet and everything you need is easily accessible.
Frank always asks his customers what their priorities are when they are searching for the perfect closet system. His main priority of organization is accessibility. What good is organizing if you can’t reach it? He gave a great example of using an extended hanging bar that covers up your shoes at the bottom of your closet. What good is it if you have to get down on the ground to search for your shoes?
When I asked Frank, “What is the biggest mistake people make when trying to organize their closets?” He said, “When people invest in small patchwork items that do not work they end up spending hundreds of dollars on inexpensive items that keep breaking when they could have invested that money on a custom designed closet system.” Another mistake people make when trying to organize their closets is putting a spare dresser in a reach-in closet. This can really do damage to the closet doors.
When talking about closet organization, Frank shared his 80/20 rule (which I believe every organizer out there knows). He said, “People wear 20% of what they own while the other 80% sits in the closet collecting dust.” Frank is a big fan of seasonal storage. He says it’s great to store your seasonal clothing labeled in a storage bin up on a shelf.
I have personally worked with Closet Crafters on a couple projects and have enjoyed each experience. I highly recommend using Closet Crafters to simplify any size closet or pantry. Not only do they specialize in closets, but they specialize in garages, office, media and commercial. Visit the website at www.closetcrafters.com.

lowercased:
have you ever thought about having a professional closet designer visit your home? some may think of it as a luxury, while other know of it as a necessity! as a organizing and efficiency specialist, i know the importance of having the right tools and systems to simplify life.
recently, i had the great privilege of interviewing frank longhetto, owner of closet crafters. i am so excited to share the inside scoop about his amazing closet systems.
first, let me fill you in about frank, he has been in the closet business since 1985. he was looking for a job in san diego and was hired as a closet installer. frank told me, he still prefers to be the one to visit peoples homes and/or offices and design their perfect closet system. he finds so much joy in closet organization. he says, “it really changes peoples lives.” it’s not like a diet where you have to wait for a result! this life changing experience occurs when your closet is complete. there is a home for everything in your closet and everything you need is easily accessible.
frank always asks his customers what their priorities are when they are searching for the perfect closet system. his main priority of organization is accessibility. what good is organizing if you can’t reach it? he gave a great example of using an extended hanging bar that covers up your shoes at the bottom of your closet. what good is it if you have to get down on the ground to search for your shoes?
when i asked frank, “what is the biggest mistake people make when trying to organize their closets?” he said, “when people invest in small patchwork items that do not work they end up spending hundreds of dollars on inexpensive items that keep breaking when they could have invested that money on a custom designed closet system.” another mistake people make when trying to organize their closets is putting a spare dresser in a reach-in closet. this can really do damage to the closet doors.
when talking about closet organization, frank shared his 80/20 rule (which i believe every organizer out there knows). he said, “people wear 20% of what they own while the other 80% sits in the closet collecting dust.” frank is a big fan of seasonal storage. he says it’s great to store your seasonal clothing labeled in a storage bin up on a shelf.
i have personally worked with closet crafters on a couple projects and have enjoyed each experience. i highly recommend using closet crafters to simplify any size closet or pantry. not only do they specialize in closets, but they specialize in garages, office, media and commercial. visit the website at www.closetcrafters.com.


text:
Economic analysis of climate change issues can help policy makers in many ways including identification of the least costly methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and how to structure incentives to encourage society’s maximum reduction of carbon footprints. Without doubt, economic analyses of climate change reduction strategies are vital to finding the most efficient solutions to human-induced climate change’s immense threat. The more low-cost solutions to climate change are found, the more hope there is to reduce climate change’s immense menace. Yet there are ethical limits to the use of some economic arguments frequently made in opposition to proposed government action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of some environmental regulatory programs can help identify proposed market regulatory interventions whose costs significantly outweigh environmental benefits. Yet CBA of some government environmental programs including climate change emissions reduction strategies often ignore serious ethical limitations on the use of this tool to guide climate change policy.
CBA is a generic term for a variety of techniques designed to allow decision-makers to determine in a rigorous way whether the payback from a program will be greater than the costs of implementing it. If costs of an environmental program are greater than environmental benefits produced by a program, according to mainstream CBA theory, the program should be abandoned. The economic justification for this use of CBA is the notion that society must decide how to spend its scarce resources and it should spend its money in the most efficient way possible. If money is spent by society on environmental protection programs that don’t produce an environmental payback that is greater in economic value than the cost of the program, it is a bad investment and should not be supported. (Shogren and Toman, 2000) This is so, according to CBA theory, because public money should be spent on programs that will produce the largest aggregate benefits. The philosophical justification for this approach, as we shall see, is often a form of utilitarianism, sometimes referred to as “preference utilitarianism”An earlier post on ClimateEthics.org looked at certain ethical limitations in the use of CBA recognized by Sir Nicolas Stern, Head of the United Kingdom Government Economics Service and adviser to the UK government on the economics of climate change and development. http://climateethics.org/?p=14.
This post will expand upon some of the issues recognized in this earlier post and, in particular, (1) look at in more detail ethical issues that arise in CBA when costs and benefits are aggregated., and, (2) examine certain ethical limitations of “preference utilitarianism,” a frequent philosophical justification for CBA.Future posts on Climateethics will examine additional ethical issues that arise in CBAs because:(a) CBA techniques usually make human desire the exclusive measure of value;(b) CBA-based decisions often ignore rights and duties;(c) CBA-based decisions usually conflict with principles of distributive, retributive, and procedural justice;(d) Ethical problems arise in CBA in quantifying costs and benefits; and,(e) Ethical issues are triggered in CBA when future benefits are discounted.
Although CBA may be a very valuable tool for decision-makers who are trying to decide whether investment in a particular project will provide an adequate payoff compared to other projects or investments, as we shall see, CBAs use for some environmental problems can be ethically dubious particularly when it is applied to environmental problems such as climate change where harms and benefits are significantly disaggregated.Proponents of CBAs often argue governments should not take action to reduce greenhouse emissions if the cost to reduce emissions is greater than the value of climate change caused harms avoided because of the government action. Yet, climate change is a problem for which those who are causing harm are often separated by significant time and space from those who are or will be harmed by a warming world. We now know with high levels of confidence, for instance, that greenhouse gas emissions coming from coal fired power plants in United States and China are likely already contributing to droughts in Africa and Australia, threatening polar bears and walruses in the arctic as sea ice melts, and endangering millions of people who live near rising seas in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. Future climate change impacts threaten some of the poorest people around the world that are not located in high-emitting nations.One of the many ethical limitations of CBA that arise when this method of analysis is applied to climate change is triggered by the fact that those who would bear the greatest costs of reducing emissions are not as adversely affected as many others around the world who are most vulnerable to climate change impacts. That is, for climate change, harms and benefits are hugely disaggregated across time and geography.
One frequent justification for using CBAs as a guide to regulatory action is that if money is spent on a project that will return limited benefits compared to other projects that could return more benefits, then there is a lost opportunity to create greater human welfare. (Shogren and Toman, 2000) In economics an “opportunity cost” is the cost (sacrifice) incurred by choosing one option over an alternative one that may be equally desired. Thus, opportunity cost is the cost of pursuing one choice instead of another that could provide greater benefits.Yet in the case of climate change, there may be no “opportunity cost” experienced by many of those who are most vulnerable to a warming world and would therefore benefit from GHG emissions reductions expenditures that are diverted by high greenhouse gas emitters to other projects.
If, for instance, the United States decides not to spend one hundred million dollars on climate change reduction strategies because a CBA determines that this money will not return more benefits measured in dollars to them, the CBA can act as justification for continuing behavior which harms others without their consent. If the US chooses to invest in an alternative project such as health care for Americans with the one hundred million dollars, this alternative investment does not lead to greater benefits to parties that the United States is harming through its greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, the opportunity cost argument does not work when harms and benefits are as disaggregated and spread across many regions outside the consideration or scope of a given CBA, as they are in climate change.Sometimes CBAs have been used to look at harms and benefits to the polluting country alone. Such an approach is particularly ethically problematic.
For instance, when the Clinton administration was attacked with the charge that the Kyoto Protocol’s cost in the United State was too expensive compared to the benefits of programs in the United States, the US government simply developed an alternative analysis that looked at harms and benefits to the United States alone and showed lower costs to the United States than those on which the opponents of Kyoto were relying. (United States, 1998 ) The Clinton administration’s defense of Kyoto ignored the benefits of United States’ global warming programs to others outside the United States. Although the Clinton administration may have simply been attempting to refute arguments against Kyoto, its limited focus on costs and benefits to the United States alone was ethically troublesome. This is so because such an insular approach treats foreigners as if their US caused injury is irrelevant to US obligations.Even if the costs of taking action under the Kyoto Protocol were very high to the United States, a fact disputed by many in the Clinton Administration, the United States has a strong ethical responsibility to prevent harm to others who neither consented to the harm nor benefited from US activities that cause harm. Given that the environmental harm from human-induced climate change could be catastrophic for some nations and will likely be grave for many of the poorest nations, the US failure to consider the consequences of its activities on others is ethically problematic. In a similar way, the H.W. Bush administration has often resisted committing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of cost to the US economy alone.Even if it were true that the United States costs of global warming programs were high compared to the benefits that the United States would experience from these programs, the United States has a responsibility to prevent harm to other nations. No respected ethical system would condone one nation causing great harm to another by using the excuse that the harming nation’s costs of reducing its harmful behavior were too high for its domestic economic welfare.
Yet, even if harms and benefits are disaggregated in a CBA calculation, additional ethical limitations of CBA will remain that are discussed below and will be examined in subsequent posts of Climateethics. At a minimum, CBAs should expressly disaggregate harms and benefits: (i) within generations, (ii) over time, and (iii) according to the nurture of the risk imposed, and (iv) geographically. With this disaggregated information, decision-makers would need to consider other ethical issues raised by CBAs.including the duty to reduce to reduce harm to others.
“Preference utilitarianism” holds that governments should choose options which maximize humanity’s ability to fulfill its desires where the value of human desires are determined by the market transactions as measured by “willingness to pay”. CBA is classified as “preference utilitarianism” and distinguished from mainstream utilitarianism because it is peoples’ preferences expressed in market transactions that are maximized according to CBA theory. On the other hand, more mainstream utilitarianism is often concerned with maximizing happiness, not simply human desires.”Preference utilitarianism” is a much more ethically controversial theory than mainstream utilitarianism because the latter encourages exploration of what actually makes people happy, not just the preferences people express in market transactions. (Sagoff, 1982) That is, utilitarians urge decision makers to choose alternatives that will produce the greatest happiness not simply to assume that happiness is equal to what people are willing to pay for something. For this reason, many utilitarians advise careful thinking about which options under consideration will create the most happiness while “preference utilitarianism” is interested in which options will produce the greatest satisfaction of individual desires. For instance, a utilitarian may approve of spending money for such economically low payback activities as schools or parks because a case can be made that these investments produce greater happiness than other investments with higher economic returns. Moreover, utilitarians do not necessarily believe that all human choices made in market transactions lead to happiness. In fact, utilitarians urge that people reflect upon their desires and that people should sometimes opt for actions that is contrary to desires. As Ernest Partridge points out, happiness may require that people not act according to their preferences.
“Objects of ethical and aesthetic judgments do not as such have economic value but moral and aesthetic value: as the eighteenth -century philosopher Immanual Kant wrote, they have dignity, not a price.’ (Sagoff, 2004, 11).
Ethically motivated people frequently decide to not harm others not because they will derive pleasure from such decisions, but because they feel that they have a moral obligation to refrain from harming others. (This issue of moral obligation and CBA will be taken up in more detail in a subsequent ClimateEthics.org post)For these reasons, preference utilitarianism, the underpinning of most CBAs that have often been relied upon in arguments made in opposition to climate change programs, is often ethically dubious when applied to environmental issues. As we shall see in later posts, utilitarian based decisions also often conflict with other ethical theories including justice based principles and ecocentric and biocentric ethical theories.CBA tests to determine the acceptability of environmental programs also raise numerous additional ethical concerns. Although there is vast economics literature that discusses these limitations of CBAs when applied to environmental problems, many of the CBAs that have been applied to potential clmate change policy continue to ignore these ethical limitations. (See, Schneider, 1999)Later posts will examine in greater detail these additional ethical limitations of preference utilitarianism by explaining how preference utitiltarianism conflicts with rights and just theories, how caclculating harms and benefits raises ethical questions because of scientific and economic uncertaineties of costs and benefits while ignoring other ethical considerations, and how discounting future benefits can violate obligations to future generations.
To deal with CBAs ethical limitations, a variety of adjustments to conventional CBAs have been proposed by these economists. Yet because these adjustments also raise ethical considerations, it is imperative that ethical analysis be integrated into CBAs that are used in global warming policy analysis and ethical assumptions of CBAs be made so crystal clear that non-economists can understand the ethical assumptions adopted in the economic analysis. This is an ethical imperative.
Sagoff, Mark, 1982. At The Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima or Why Political Questions Are Not All Economic, Arizona Law Review, Vol. 23, 1281-1298.
Sagoff, Mark, 1988. The Economy of the Earth, New York: Cambridge University Press.Sagoff, Mark, 2004. Price, Principle, and the Environment, Cambridge University Press.Schneider, Steven, ed; 1999. Climate Change, Vol. 41, This volume deals with the limites of CBA.

lowercased:
economic analysis of climate change issues can help policy makers in many ways including identification of the least costly methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and how to structure incentives to encourage society’s maximum reduction of carbon footprints. without doubt, economic analyses of climate change reduction strategies are vital to finding the most efficient solutions to human-induced climate change’s immense threat. the more low-cost solutions to climate change are found, the more hope there is to reduce climate change’s immense menace. yet there are ethical limits to the use of some economic arguments frequently made in opposition to proposed government action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.cost-benefit analysis (cba) of some environmental regulatory programs can help identify proposed market regulatory interventions whose costs significantly outweigh environmental benefits. yet cba of some government environmental programs including climate change emissions reduction strategies often ignore serious ethical limitations on the use of this tool to guide climate change policy.
cba is a generic term for a variety of techniques designed to allow decision-makers to determine in a rigorous way whether the payback from a program will be greater than the costs of implementing it. if costs of an environmental program are greater than environmental benefits produced by a program, according to mainstream cba theory, the program should be abandoned. the economic justification for this use of cba is the notion that society must decide how to spend its scarce resources and it should spend its money in the most efficient way possible. if money is spent by society on environmental protection programs that don’t produce an environmental payback that is greater in economic value than the cost of the program, it is a bad investment and should not be supported. (shogren and toman, 2000) this is so, according to cba theory, because public money should be spent on programs that will produce the largest aggregate benefits. the philosophical justification for this approach, as we shall see, is often a form of utilitarianism, sometimes referred to as “preference utilitarianism”an earlier post on climateethics.org looked at certain ethical limitations in the use of cba recognized by sir nicolas stern, head of the united kingdom government economics service and adviser to the uk government on the economics of climate change and development. http://climateethics.org/?p=14.
this post will expand upon some of the issues recognized in this earlier post and, in particular, (1) look at in more detail ethical issues that arise in cba when costs and benefits are aggregated., and, (2) examine certain ethical limitations of “preference utilitarianism,” a frequent philosophical justification for cba.future posts on climateethics will examine additional ethical issues that arise in cbas because:(a) cba techniques usually make human desire the exclusive measure of value;(b) cba-based decisions often ignore rights and duties;(c) cba-based decisions usually conflict with principles of distributive, retributive, and procedural justice;(d) ethical problems arise in cba in quantifying costs and benefits; and,(e) ethical issues are triggered in cba when future benefits are discounted.
although cba may be a very valuable tool for decision-makers who are trying to decide whether investment in a particular project will provide an adequate payoff compared to other projects or investments, as we shall see, cbas use for some environmental problems can be ethically dubious particularly when it is applied to environmental problems such as climate change where harms and benefits are significantly disaggregated.proponents of cbas often argue governments should not take action to reduce greenhouse emissions if the cost to reduce emissions is greater than the value of climate change caused harms avoided because of the government action. yet, climate change is a problem for which those who are causing harm are often separated by significant time and space from those who are or will be harmed by a warming world. we now know with high levels of confidence, for instance, that greenhouse gas emissions coming from coal fired power plants in united states and china are likely already contributing to droughts in africa and australia, threatening polar bears and walruses in the arctic as sea ice melts, and endangering millions of people who live near rising seas in southeast asia and the south pacific. future climate change impacts threaten some of the poorest people around the world that are not located in high-emitting nations.one of the many ethical limitations of cba that arise when this method of analysis is applied to climate change is triggered by the fact that those who would bear the greatest costs of reducing emissions are not as adversely affected as many others around the world who are most vulnerable to climate change impacts. that is, for climate change, harms and benefits are hugely disaggregated across time and geography.
one frequent justification for using cbas as a guide to regulatory action is that if money is spent on a project that will return limited benefits compared to other projects that could return more benefits, then there is a lost opportunity to create greater human welfare. (shogren and toman, 2000) in economics an “opportunity cost” is the cost (sacrifice) incurred by choosing one option over an alternative one that may be equally desired. thus, opportunity cost is the cost of pursuing one choice instead of another that could provide greater benefits.yet in the case of climate change, there may be no “opportunity cost” experienced by many of those who are most vulnerable to a warming world and would therefore benefit from ghg emissions reductions expenditures that are diverted by high greenhouse gas emitters to other projects.
if, for instance, the united states decides not to spend one hundred million dollars on climate change reduction strategies because a cba determines that this money will not return more benefits measured in dollars to them, the cba can act as justification for continuing behavior which harms others without their consent. if the us chooses to invest in an alternative project such as health care for americans with the one hundred million dollars, this alternative investment does not lead to greater benefits to parties that the united states is harming through its greenhouse gas emissions. for this reason, the opportunity cost argument does not work when harms and benefits are as disaggregated and spread across many regions outside the consideration or scope of a given cba, as they are in climate change.sometimes cbas have been used to look at harms and benefits to the polluting country alone. such an approach is particularly ethically problematic.
for instance, when the clinton administration was attacked with the charge that the kyoto protocol’s cost in the united state was too expensive compared to the benefits of programs in the united states, the us government simply developed an alternative analysis that looked at harms and benefits to the united states alone and showed lower costs to the united states than those on which the opponents of kyoto were relying. (united states, 1998 ) the clinton administration’s defense of kyoto ignored the benefits of united states’ global warming programs to others outside the united states. although the clinton administration may have simply been attempting to refute arguments against kyoto, its limited focus on costs and benefits to the united states alone was ethically troublesome. this is so because such an insular approach treats foreigners as if their us caused injury is irrelevant to us obligations.even if the costs of taking action under the kyoto protocol were very high to the united states, a fact disputed by many in the clinton administration, the united states has a strong ethical responsibility to prevent harm to others who neither consented to the harm nor benefited from us activities that cause harm. given that the environmental harm from human-induced climate change could be catastrophic for some nations and will likely be grave for many of the poorest nations, the us failure to consider the consequences of its activities on others is ethically problematic. in a similar way, the h.w. bush administration has often resisted committing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of cost to the us economy alone.even if it were true that the united states costs of global warming programs were high compared to the benefits that the united states would experience from these programs, the united states has a responsibility to prevent harm to other nations. no respected ethical system would condone one nation causing great harm to another by using the excuse that the harming nation’s costs of reducing its harmful behavior were too high for its domestic economic welfare.
yet, even if harms and benefits are disaggregated in a cba calculation, additional ethical limitations of cba will remain that are discussed below and will be examined in subsequent posts of climateethics. at a minimum, cbas should expressly disaggregate harms and benefits: (i) within generations, (ii) over time, and (iii) according to the nurture of the risk imposed, and (iv) geographically. with this disaggregated information, decision-makers would need to consider other ethical issues raised by cbas.including the duty to reduce to reduce harm to others.
“preference utilitarianism” holds that governments should choose options which maximize humanity’s ability to fulfill its desires where the value of human desires are determined by the market transactions as measured by “willingness to pay”. cba is classified as “preference utilitarianism” and distinguished from mainstream utilitarianism because it is peoples’ preferences expressed in market transactions that are maximized according to cba theory. on the other hand, more mainstream utilitarianism is often concerned with maximizing happiness, not simply human desires.”preference utilitarianism” is a much more ethically controversial theory than mainstream utilitarianism because the latter encourages exploration of what actually makes people happy, not just the preferences people express in market transactions. (sagoff, 1982) that is, utilitarians urge decision makers to choose alternatives that will produce the greatest happiness not simply to assume that happiness is equal to what people are willing to pay for something. for this reason, many utilitarians advise careful thinking about which options under consideration will create the most happiness while “preference utilitarianism” is interested in which options will produce the greatest satisfaction of individual desires. for instance, a utilitarian may approve of spending money for such economically low payback activities as schools or parks because a case can be made that these investments produce greater happiness than other investments with higher economic returns. moreover, utilitarians do not necessarily believe that all human choices made in market transactions lead to happiness. in fact, utilitarians urge that people reflect upon their desires and that people should sometimes opt for actions that is contrary to desires. as ernest partridge points out, happiness may require that people not act according to their preferences.
“objects of ethical and aesthetic judgments do not as such have economic value but moral and aesthetic value: as the eighteenth -century philosopher immanual kant wrote, they have dignity, not a price.’ (sagoff, 2004, 11).
ethically motivated people frequently decide to not harm others not because they will derive pleasure from such decisions, but because they feel that they have a moral obligation to refrain from harming others. (this issue of moral obligation and cba will be taken up in more detail in a subsequent climateethics.org post)for these reasons, preference utilitarianism, the underpinning of most cbas that have often been relied upon in arguments made in opposition to climate change programs, is often ethically dubious when applied to environmental issues. as we shall see in later posts, utilitarian based decisions also often conflict with other ethical theories including justice based principles and ecocentric and biocentric ethical theories.cba tests to determine the acceptability of environmental programs also raise numerous additional ethical concerns. although there is vast economics literature that discusses these limitations of cbas when applied to environmental problems, many of the cbas that have been applied to potential clmate change policy continue to ignore these ethical limitations. (see, schneider, 1999)later posts will examine in greater detail these additional ethical limitations of preference utilitarianism by explaining how preference utitiltarianism conflicts with rights and just theories, how caclculating harms and benefits raises ethical questions because of scientific and economic uncertaineties of costs and benefits while ignoring other ethical considerations, and how discounting future benefits can violate obligations to future generations.
to deal with cbas ethical limitations, a variety of adjustments to conventional cbas have been proposed by these economists. yet because these adjustments also raise ethical considerations, it is imperative that ethical analysis be integrated into cbas that are used in global warming policy analysis and ethical assumptions of cbas be made so crystal clear that non-economists can understand the ethical assumptions adopted in the economic analysis. this is an ethical imperative.
sagoff, mark, 1982. at the shrine of our lady of fatima or why political questions are not all economic, arizona law review, vol. 23, 1281-1298.
sagoff, mark, 1988. the economy of the earth, new york: cambridge university press.sagoff, mark, 2004. price, principle, and the environment, cambridge university press.schneider, steven, ed; 1999. climate change, vol. 41, this volume deals with the limites of cba.


text: Var du kan köpa Glucotrol 5 mg Storbritannien. (Glucotrol) Glipizide is an oral drug that is used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Glipizide is used together with diet and exercise to reduce blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.

lowercased: var du kan köpa glucotrol 5 mg storbritannien. (glucotrol) glipizide is an oral drug that is used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. glipizide is used together with diet and exercise to reduce blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.


text: The Samsung ML-2165W is a workgroup laser printer that lets you print black and white pages at a resolution of up to 1200x1200 dpi. With high printing speeds of up to 20 ppm, the Samsung ML-2165W printer is capable of meeting your growing business demands. You can wirelessly connect your PC to this Samsung printer and transfer files, thanks to its built-in Wi-Fi connectivity. Designed for high printing volumes, this workgroup laser printer has a duty cycle of up to 10,000 pages per month. Quick First Print feature in this Samsung printer ensures that the first page is printed in less than 8.5 seconds.

lowercased: the samsung ml-2165w is a workgroup laser printer that lets you print black and white pages at a resolution of up to 1200x1200 dpi. with high printing speeds of up to 20 ppm, the samsung ml-2165w printer is capable of meeting your growing business demands. you can wirelessly connect your pc to this samsung printer and transfer files, thanks to its built-in wi-fi connectivity. designed for high printing volumes, this workgroup laser printer has a duty cycle of up to 10,000 pages per month. quick first print feature in this samsung printer ensures that the first page is printed in less than 8.5 seconds.


text: This 12 months many designer manufacturers determined to indicate us artistic and purposeful swimwear. Immediately’s article is devoted to my favourite swimwear developments it is best to comply with this Summer season. It appears to be like like fashionable beachwear has absorbed various frequent style development fundamentals. Take a second and scroll down this assortment to seek out one thing attention-grabbing to attempt on this sizzling season.

lowercased: this 12 months many designer manufacturers determined to indicate us artistic and purposeful swimwear. immediately’s article is devoted to my favourite swimwear developments it is best to comply with this summer season. it appears to be like like fashionable beachwear has absorbed various frequent style development fundamentals. take a second and scroll down this assortment to seek out one thing attention-grabbing to attempt on this sizzling season.


text:
Having been a great investment for our owners, this super Aotea home is now surplus to requirements and must be sold!
A practical single level layout is matched by great street appeal and inside consists of 3 bedrooms including master with ensuite plus a study and great flow from the living to flat fenced yard and courtyard for summer BBQ's and entertaining.
With an outside repaint only 2 years ago, this low maintenance, warm and sunny home is handy to amenities and strolling distance to shops, bus, and Countdown - it will be the perfect start to you New Year.
Pre-purchase builders and LIM reports will be available on request.
Call Leanne Bunnell-Haywood today on 0276 222 007 to make your time to view.

lowercased:
having been a great investment for our owners, this super aotea home is now surplus to requirements and must be sold!
a practical single level layout is matched by great street appeal and inside consists of 3 bedrooms including master with ensuite plus a study and great flow from the living to flat fenced yard and courtyard for summer bbq's and entertaining.
with an outside repaint only 2 years ago, this low maintenance, warm and sunny home is handy to amenities and strolling distance to shops, bus, and countdown - it will be the perfect start to you new year.
pre-purchase builders and lim reports will be available on request.
call leanne bunnell-haywood today on 0276 222 007 to make your time to view.


text:
Blockchain has become popular lately to almost all industry type because of its openness, decentralized and authority-free features. However, there are some restrictions on some blockchains that may restrict their full potential. Enter Lisk, the blockchain-based application platform that enables one to develop a variety of apps, and assist them with their customized blockchains.
Blockchain has become popular lately to almost all industry type because of its openness, decentralized and authority-free features. However, there are some restrictions on some blockchains that may restrict their full potential.
Lisk LSK, the decentralized sidechain development platform is getting listed at KuCoin Exchange today. Deposits are now available with supported trading pairs such as LSK/BTC and LSK/ETH.

lowercased:
blockchain has become popular lately to almost all industry type because of its openness, decentralized and authority-free features. however, there are some restrictions on some blockchains that may restrict their full potential. enter lisk, the blockchain-based application platform that enables one to develop a variety of apps, and assist them with their customized blockchains.
blockchain has become popular lately to almost all industry type because of its openness, decentralized and authority-free features. however, there are some restrictions on some blockchains that may restrict their full potential.
lisk lsk, the decentralized sidechain development platform is getting listed at kucoin exchange today. deposits are now available with supported trading pairs such as lsk/btc and lsk/eth.


text:
People who work in rescue are passionate about their calling. Sometimes that passion gets in the way of collaboration, working together and solving a problem. All of us face that challenge and each of us, in our own way, chart our course.
Most recently, with the success PAAS has had transporting dogs from the Vinita area, as well as rescues/shelters throughout Oklahoma, we’ve come to realize we save lives by transporting. Our transports are built on trust with Denver Dumb Friends League. That doesn’t work for everyone.
Some people need to interview each adopter, visit the home and check on the references. Their focus, their success is measured much differently. Other rescuers adopt via PetSmart/Atwoods/et al. Some choose to ensure they find the perfect home – which can take years. I think of them as sanctuaries where the animals are safe. Some send their dogs, one-by-one, on transports to other destinations. Thanks to social media – especially Facebook – this works beautifully.
At the end of the year, we, collectively, have saved thousands of dogs and cats. Each rescue, in their own way, has found the path that works for them.
This past year it has been rewarding to see rescues work together, share resources and save lives. My hope is it will continue to grow. If you’re involved with a shelter or rescue, I hope you will think about how you rescue, who you rescue and, most importantly, how many find a new home.
This entry was posted	on Saturday, November 19th, 2016 at 3:57 pm tagged as Making a Distinction and is filed under All Past Articles, OkcPetsOnline. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

lowercased:
people who work in rescue are passionate about their calling. sometimes that passion gets in the way of collaboration, working together and solving a problem. all of us face that challenge and each of us, in our own way, chart our course.
most recently, with the success paas has had transporting dogs from the vinita area, as well as rescues/shelters throughout oklahoma, we’ve come to realize we save lives by transporting. our transports are built on trust with denver dumb friends league. that doesn’t work for everyone.
some people need to interview each adopter, visit the home and check on the references. their focus, their success is measured much differently. other rescuers adopt via petsmart/atwoods/et al. some choose to ensure they find the perfect home – which can take years. i think of them as sanctuaries where the animals are safe. some send their dogs, one-by-one, on transports to other destinations. thanks to social media – especially facebook – this works beautifully.
at the end of the year, we, collectively, have saved thousands of dogs and cats. each rescue, in their own way, has found the path that works for them.
this past year it has been rewarding to see rescues work together, share resources and save lives. my hope is it will continue to grow. if you’re involved with a shelter or rescue, i hope you will think about how you rescue, who you rescue and, most importantly, how many find a new home.
this entry was posted	on saturday, november 19th, 2016 at 3:57 pm tagged as making a distinction and is filed under all past articles, okcpetsonline. you can follow any responses to this entry through the rss 2.0 feed. you can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
‘But you’re Muggles!’ said Mr Weasley delightedly. ‘We must have a drink! What’s that you’ve got there? Oh, you’re changing Muggle money. Molly, look!’ He pointed excitedly at the ten-pound notes in Mr Granger’s hand.
So Gringotts exchanges Muggle money for Wizarding money. What do the Goblins do with the Muggle money after the exchange has been made? Is it possible they keep a stash of Muggle money on hand for reverse exchange purposes, or do they surreptitiously feed the money back into the Muggle economy?
What do Goblins do with Muggle money?
JKR: Those goblins are sneaky people. They manage to put the Muggle money back into circulation. They are like "fences" --British slang, do you understand it?
They can purchase - through intermediaries - resources in Muggle world. Minerals, chemicals, may be land. Remember that Goblins can't have wands and therefore may not be as resource-independent as Wizards (and even they aren't very resource independent).
Also, there aren't THAT many muggle-born Wizards, so it's unlikely we are talking about a LOT of money being exchanged here. Aside from Muggle parents of Magical kids, or the extremely rare wizard working in Muggle world (see separate question on SFF), who'd need to exchange money?
Muggle money (British pounds) can be used to buy gold in the Muggle world, which is certainly worth something in the Wizarding World. The goblins could use it to make more galleons, possibly.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged harry-potter magical-creatures economics gringotts or ask your own question.
How did Hermione get galleons?
Do Wizards pay Muggle taxes?
Is Gringotts money protected from the Gemino charm?
In Deathly Hallows, how do the Gringotts goblins know that there are impostors?
What was the use of the Weasley's vault at Gringotts?
Does Gringotts employ any non-goblins?
Who hired the Gringotts Guards - the goblins, or the Ministry?
Can half-goblins and part-goblins work at Gringotts?

lowercased:
‘but you’re muggles!’ said mr weasley delightedly. ‘we must have a drink! what’s that you’ve got there? oh, you’re changing muggle money. molly, look!’ he pointed excitedly at the ten-pound notes in mr granger’s hand.
so gringotts exchanges muggle money for wizarding money. what do the goblins do with the muggle money after the exchange has been made? is it possible they keep a stash of muggle money on hand for reverse exchange purposes, or do they surreptitiously feed the money back into the muggle economy?
what do goblins do with muggle money?
jkr: those goblins are sneaky people. they manage to put the muggle money back into circulation. they are like "fences" --british slang, do you understand it?
they can purchase - through intermediaries - resources in muggle world. minerals, chemicals, may be land. remember that goblins can't have wands and therefore may not be as resource-independent as wizards (and even they aren't very resource independent).
also, there aren't that many muggle-born wizards, so it's unlikely we are talking about a lot of money being exchanged here. aside from muggle parents of magical kids, or the extremely rare wizard working in muggle world (see separate question on sff), who'd need to exchange money?
muggle money (british pounds) can be used to buy gold in the muggle world, which is certainly worth something in the wizarding world. the goblins could use it to make more galleons, possibly.
not the answer you're looking for? browse other questions tagged harry-potter magical-creatures economics gringotts or ask your own question.
how did hermione get galleons?
do wizards pay muggle taxes?
is gringotts money protected from the gemino charm?
in deathly hallows, how do the gringotts goblins know that there are impostors?
what was the use of the weasley's vault at gringotts?
does gringotts employ any non-goblins?
who hired the gringotts guards - the goblins, or the ministry?
can half-goblins and part-goblins work at gringotts?


text:
Transfer roundup live: Manchester City signs Laporte, now in for Riyad Mahrez?
With less than 48 hours to go until the January transfer window deadline, FC Yahoo will be keeping you up to date on all the latest reports, rumors and done deals as we charge toward 6 p.m. ET on Jan. 31.
Below is a rundown of the top news from the penultimate day of the window. Join us again tomorrow, on deadline day, for live, up-to-the-minute coverage of one of the silliest days in sports.
Aymeric Laporte | Athletic Bilbao —> Manchester City — City has triggered Laporte’s $80.8 million release clause, and will pay that, plus reportedly over $6 million in training compensation, to make the 23-year-old French center back its most expensive signing ever. City officially announced the deal early Tuesday.
The $80-plus million is also the second-highest fee ever shelled out for a defender, which has perked up some eyebrows in Manchester and around England. Before City’s interest, Laporte was far from a household name. He had several solid professional seasons after joining Bilbao as a 16-year-old, but has never been considered one of the top defenders in the world.
He’s therefore the latest litmus test for Pep Guardiola’s eye for talent. The left-footer certainly fits the Guardiola blueprint. He’s comfortable with the ball at his feet, and much stronger winning duels in space than in the air in a crowded penalty box. The thought is that he’ll be City’s third center back for now, with the ability to fill in for John Stones if the 23-year-old Englishman falters. He’s also likely the long-term replacement for Nicolas Otamendi.
We likely won’t know for a few years whether Laporte was worth the $80-plus million. But we know better than to doubt Guardiola right now.
Inigo Martinez | Real Sociedad —> Athletic Bilbao — Bilbao has navigated Man City’s Laporte courtship well. On the same day that deal got done, the Basque club had his replacement lined up. Shortly after City’s announcement, Bilbao confirmed it had paid Inigo Martinez’s $39.8 million release clause.
Emerson Palmieri | Roma —> Chelsea — Roma’s backup left back heads to London, presumably to become Chelsea’s backup left back. Surely he won’t unseat Marcos Alonso, one of the best in the Premier League, right? At best, there’ll be a rotation. The fee is reportedly $24 million.
Marc Bartra | Borussia Dortmund —> Real Betis — Bartra had an up-and-down spell at Dortmund after leaving Barcelona, his boyhood club. Now he heads back to Spain, for a reported fee of $13 million, on a five-and-a-half year deal.
Ahmed Musa | Leicester City —> CSKA Moscow — Musa arrived with a bit of fanfare and promise, but in his brief Premier League cameos, he’s been full of pace and not much else. He heads back to Russia on loan until the end of the season.
Roque Mesa | Swansea —> Sevilla — A loan until season’s end for the midfielder who has looked rather ordinary in Wales since his summer arrival.
Jack Harrison | New York City FC —> Manchester City —> Middlesbrough — OK, so this is a complicated one, because it involves MLS, which is a complicated league. Harrison was born in England, moved to America as a teenager and emerged in MLS with NYCFC. He is now going back to England. But rather than go to Stoke City, as had been rumored, he’s going to Middlesbrough via Man City.
If NYCFC had sold Harrison directly to a British club, money-loving MLS would have taken 50 percent of the transfer fee, per its slightly absurd rules. MLS will still get 50 percent of whatever Man City’s fee is – reportedly around $5.5 million, significantly lower than what Stoke City was bidding. But City Football Group, which runs both clubs, will then have the power to sell Harrison on without MLS getting in the way. It’s shady business, because CFG and MLS are shady businesses. But that’s as well as we can explain it with the available information.
Harrison will head to Middlesbrough on loan in the meantime. He could be sold permanently as soon as the summer.
Sandro | Everton —> Sevilla — The Toffees appear to have decided pretty quickly that the Spaniard isn’t Premier League material. Or at least not yet. The 22-year-old forward will head to Sevilla on loan until season’s end, provided he passes a medical.
Dodi Lukebakio | Anderlecht —> Watford — The second winger to join Watford in two days, after Gerard Deulofeu. This one is a permanent deal for the 20-year-old Belgian-Congolese attacker.
Sergio Gomez | Barcelona —> Borussia Dortmund — Gomez is 17. Dortmund continues to swoop in for some of the top youngsters around Europe, no matter the size of the incumbent club.
Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang’s pending move to Arsenal, which will apparently involve a three-way striker swap also including Chelsea, appears set to go ahead. Chelsea and Arsenal have reportedly agreed to a $25 million deal for Olivier Giroud.
The Giroud deal, as the BBC’s David Ornstein has explained, will allow Chelsea to loan Michy Batshuayi to Dortmund, which will lead Dortmund to finally sanction the Aubameyang sale.
But … Giroud played for Arsenal on Tuesday at Swansea. Which is wild, especially if a move actually is imminent.
Aubameyang, meanwhile, arrived in London, and eventually Arsenal’s training ground, on Tuesday. But with Giroud over in Wales, no deal could be signed off on Tuesday. So to deadline day we go.
PSG winger Lucas Moura has been pictured in London, and appears set to join Tottenham for a fee in the region of $35 million.
Could Manchester City break its transfer record twice in a day? Guardiola said Tuesday that, following that deal for Laporte, City was probably – 95 percent – done with transfer business until the summer. But that left some room to maneuver. And around the same time, rumors surfaced that the Premier League leaders were contemplating a late swoop for Riyad Mahrez. And, according to a few of the reports, they’re doing more than just contemplating.
One report says Leicester will require a “mind-blowing” offer. If so, does $84.6 million qualify? That’s what City has reportedly bid. Another, more reputable report, says City have put in three separate bids today, the latest being $77.8 million offer.
This has come completely out of left field, and really doesn’t make much sense for a club chock full of attacking talent. It appears as a knee-jerk reaction to Leroy Sane’s injury, which will keep the German winger out for roughly too months. But City hasn’t been known to make knee-jerk reactions.
Nonetheless, we’ll monitor the situation. Mahrez has reportedly handed in a transfer request in an attempt to push the deal through.
Badou Ndiaye | Galatasaray —> Stoke City — The Potters have reportedly agreed a $21.2 million fee for the 27-year-old midfielder. He’d be a sollid complement to Joe Allen in the center of the park.
“Being able to say goodbye is to grow.” Well then.
Javier Pastore | PSG —> Inter Milan — It had reportedly been close, but now is close to falling through, according to L’Equipe in France. PSG needs to sell to comply with Financial Fair Play. Lucas Moura’s move will help in that regard, but the Parisians also hoped to recoup a fee for Pastore. Inter, however, might only be able to cope with a loan.
Lazar Markovic | Liverpool —> Swansea — The Serbian winger it completely out of the picture at Anfield. The Swans are reportedly in talks with Liverpool about reviving his career.

lowercased:
transfer roundup live: manchester city signs laporte, now in for riyad mahrez?
with less than 48 hours to go until the january transfer window deadline, fc yahoo will be keeping you up to date on all the latest reports, rumors and done deals as we charge toward 6 p.m. et on jan. 31.
below is a rundown of the top news from the penultimate day of the window. join us again tomorrow, on deadline day, for live, up-to-the-minute coverage of one of the silliest days in sports.
aymeric laporte | athletic bilbao —> manchester city — city has triggered laporte’s $80.8 million release clause, and will pay that, plus reportedly over $6 million in training compensation, to make the 23-year-old french center back its most expensive signing ever. city officially announced the deal early tuesday.
the $80-plus million is also the second-highest fee ever shelled out for a defender, which has perked up some eyebrows in manchester and around england. before city’s interest, laporte was far from a household name. he had several solid professional seasons after joining bilbao as a 16-year-old, but has never been considered one of the top defenders in the world.
he’s therefore the latest litmus test for pep guardiola’s eye for talent. the left-footer certainly fits the guardiola blueprint. he’s comfortable with the ball at his feet, and much stronger winning duels in space than in the air in a crowded penalty box. the thought is that he’ll be city’s third center back for now, with the ability to fill in for john stones if the 23-year-old englishman falters. he’s also likely the long-term replacement for nicolas otamendi.
we likely won’t know for a few years whether laporte was worth the $80-plus million. but we know better than to doubt guardiola right now.
inigo martinez | real sociedad —> athletic bilbao — bilbao has navigated man city’s laporte courtship well. on the same day that deal got done, the basque club had his replacement lined up. shortly after city’s announcement, bilbao confirmed it had paid inigo martinez’s $39.8 million release clause.
emerson palmieri | roma —> chelsea — roma’s backup left back heads to london, presumably to become chelsea’s backup left back. surely he won’t unseat marcos alonso, one of the best in the premier league, right? at best, there’ll be a rotation. the fee is reportedly $24 million.
marc bartra | borussia dortmund —> real betis — bartra had an up-and-down spell at dortmund after leaving barcelona, his boyhood club. now he heads back to spain, for a reported fee of $13 million, on a five-and-a-half year deal.
ahmed musa | leicester city —> cska moscow — musa arrived with a bit of fanfare and promise, but in his brief premier league cameos, he’s been full of pace and not much else. he heads back to russia on loan until the end of the season.
roque mesa | swansea —> sevilla — a loan until season’s end for the midfielder who has looked rather ordinary in wales since his summer arrival.
jack harrison | new york city fc —> manchester city —> middlesbrough — ok, so this is a complicated one, because it involves mls, which is a complicated league. harrison was born in england, moved to america as a teenager and emerged in mls with nycfc. he is now going back to england. but rather than go to stoke city, as had been rumored, he’s going to middlesbrough via man city.
if nycfc had sold harrison directly to a british club, money-loving mls would have taken 50 percent of the transfer fee, per its slightly absurd rules. mls will still get 50 percent of whatever man city’s fee is – reportedly around $5.5 million, significantly lower than what stoke city was bidding. but city football group, which runs both clubs, will then have the power to sell harrison on without mls getting in the way. it’s shady business, because cfg and mls are shady businesses. but that’s as well as we can explain it with the available information.
harrison will head to middlesbrough on loan in the meantime. he could be sold permanently as soon as the summer.
sandro | everton —> sevilla — the toffees appear to have decided pretty quickly that the spaniard isn’t premier league material. or at least not yet. the 22-year-old forward will head to sevilla on loan until season’s end, provided he passes a medical.
dodi lukebakio | anderlecht —> watford — the second winger to join watford in two days, after gerard deulofeu. this one is a permanent deal for the 20-year-old belgian-congolese attacker.
sergio gomez | barcelona —> borussia dortmund — gomez is 17. dortmund continues to swoop in for some of the top youngsters around europe, no matter the size of the incumbent club.
pierre-emerick aubameyang’s pending move to arsenal, which will apparently involve a three-way striker swap also including chelsea, appears set to go ahead. chelsea and arsenal have reportedly agreed to a $25 million deal for olivier giroud.
the giroud deal, as the bbc’s david ornstein has explained, will allow chelsea to loan michy batshuayi to dortmund, which will lead dortmund to finally sanction the aubameyang sale.
but … giroud played for arsenal on tuesday at swansea. which is wild, especially if a move actually is imminent.
aubameyang, meanwhile, arrived in london, and eventually arsenal’s training ground, on tuesday. but with giroud over in wales, no deal could be signed off on tuesday. so to deadline day we go.
psg winger lucas moura has been pictured in london, and appears set to join tottenham for a fee in the region of $35 million.
could manchester city break its transfer record twice in a day? guardiola said tuesday that, following that deal for laporte, city was probably – 95 percent – done with transfer business until the summer. but that left some room to maneuver. and around the same time, rumors surfaced that the premier league leaders were contemplating a late swoop for riyad mahrez. and, according to a few of the reports, they’re doing more than just contemplating.
one report says leicester will require a “mind-blowing” offer. if so, does $84.6 million qualify? that’s what city has reportedly bid. another, more reputable report, says city have put in three separate bids today, the latest being $77.8 million offer.
this has come completely out of left field, and really doesn’t make much sense for a club chock full of attacking talent. it appears as a knee-jerk reaction to leroy sane’s injury, which will keep the german winger out for roughly too months. but city hasn’t been known to make knee-jerk reactions.
nonetheless, we’ll monitor the situation. mahrez has reportedly handed in a transfer request in an attempt to push the deal through.
badou ndiaye | galatasaray —> stoke city — the potters have reportedly agreed a $21.2 million fee for the 27-year-old midfielder. he’d be a sollid complement to joe allen in the center of the park.
“being able to say goodbye is to grow.” well then.
javier pastore | psg —> inter milan — it had reportedly been close, but now is close to falling through, according to l’equipe in france. psg needs to sell to comply with financial fair play. lucas moura’s move will help in that regard, but the parisians also hoped to recoup a fee for pastore. inter, however, might only be able to cope with a loan.
lazar markovic | liverpool —> swansea — the serbian winger it completely out of the picture at anfield. the swans are reportedly in talks with liverpool about reviving his career.


text:
San Francisco Waterfront Development for Tourism Write a recommendation report in which you compare two potential river or seafront developments for one city with the intention of tourists.
3)Sustainability. Many of the city’s leading tourist attractions are located at the port, including Hyde Street Pier, Fisherman’s Wharf, PIER 39 and access to Alcatraz. These attractions draw more than 15 million visitors annually to San Francisco’s northern waterfront.
In addition to being a world-renowned visitor attraction, Fisherman’s Wharf is also the center of Northern California’s commercial fishing industry, Pier 45 is one of America’s most modern fish-processing centers.

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san francisco waterfront development for tourism write a recommendation report in which you compare two potential river or seafront developments for one city with the intention of tourists.
3)sustainability. many of the city’s leading tourist attractions are located at the port, including hyde street pier, fisherman’s wharf, pier 39 and access to alcatraz. these attractions draw more than 15 million visitors annually to san francisco’s northern waterfront.
in addition to being a world-renowned visitor attraction, fisherman’s wharf is also the center of northern california’s commercial fishing industry, pier 45 is one of america’s most modern fish-processing centers.


text:
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This toothsoap is a 100% natural way to brush your teeth. Made entirely from non-toxic ingredients and flavoured with organic peppermint essential oil, this recipe allows teeth to absorb nutrients without coating them, promoting natural remineralising and tooth nourishment.
This 60ml will last a single user around 6 months making this a really economical option too.
Packaged in a Kraft Paper (Tube) that is biodegradable/compostable, and recyclable.
Made from organic oil from sustainable palm kernels.
No added glycerine for natural teeth remineralisation.
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Apply soap to your toothbrush by rubbing bristles onto the stick in circular motions.
Brush as normal for 2 minutes then rinse well.
Ingredients: Sodium Palmate*^, Sodium Palm Kernelate*^, Acqua^, Mentha Arvensis Herb Oil*^, Glycerine (Naturally Occurring)*^ , Sodium Chloride, Citric Acid.

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this toothsoap is a 100% natural way to brush your teeth. made entirely from non-toxic ingredients and flavoured with organic peppermint essential oil, this recipe allows teeth to absorb nutrients without coating them, promoting natural remineralising and tooth nourishment.
this 60ml will last a single user around 6 months making this a really economical option too.
packaged in a kraft paper (tube) that is biodegradable/compostable, and recyclable.
made from organic oil from sustainable palm kernels.
no added glycerine for natural teeth remineralisation.
comes in recyclable & compostable cardboard tube.
made in england with zero-waste & plastic-free standards.
60ml stick lasts up to 6 months, brushing twice a day.
apply soap to your toothbrush by rubbing bristles onto the stick in circular motions.
brush as normal for 2 minutes then rinse well.
ingredients: sodium palmate*^, sodium palm kernelate*^, acqua^, mentha arvensis herb oil*^, glycerine (naturally occurring)*^ , sodium chloride, citric acid.


text:
It goes without saying that the no-call against the Saints, that ultimately cost our team the game (OR MAYBE IT DIDN'T?), upset all Louisianians. Yes, a non-call as egregious as this certainly crosses party lines. Left or right, red or blue, everyone and their momma's are upset about it in our great state.
That's why it wasn't a pleasant surprise to many of us to see our guy, Gov. John Bel Edwards sticking it to the man on our behalf. Edwards wrote a letter to the NFL commissioner explaining the frustration and the heartache that is currently troubling our state.
He concludes by saying, "We will move past this game, but we will not forget it".

lowercased:
it goes without saying that the no-call against the saints, that ultimately cost our team the game (or maybe it didn't?), upset all louisianians. yes, a non-call as egregious as this certainly crosses party lines. left or right, red or blue, everyone and their momma's are upset about it in our great state.
that's why it wasn't a pleasant surprise to many of us to see our guy, gov. john bel edwards sticking it to the man on our behalf. edwards wrote a letter to the nfl commissioner explaining the frustration and the heartache that is currently troubling our state.
he concludes by saying, "we will move past this game, but we will not forget it".


text:
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pandanon island is a place where you want to have a good time and relax with your favorite people. swim and relax in the crystal blue waters. enjoy a stroll along the long stretch of the sandbar during the low tide. relax and feast along the white sand ashore. although pandanon island has been one of the places to go when visitors want to go island hopping, the island is truly worth a day’s stay.
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