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Bankruptcy can be complicated and it is normal to have questions. The following is a list of common questions about Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and some general answers. You will likely have specific questions based on your specific situations, so call George C. Selby, Esq. for a free consultation.
5. What is means testing?
Means testing is a method of determining a person’s eligibility to maintain a chapter 7 case. Under means testing a person whose current monthly income from all sources multiplied by 12 exceeds the median annual income, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau, for the person’s state and family size, must show that he or she has a disposable monthly income of less than $124.58*. If disposable monthly income is greater than $207.92*, there is a presumption of abuse in filing a chapter 7 case. If monthly disposable income is between those two numbers, then you must determine whether the debtor could repay at least 25% of unsecured debt over the course of a 60-month period. If a debtor is deemed to be able to pay, their case will be dismissed or converted to chapter 13 unless special circumstances exist.
6. How is means testing carried out?
Every person who files a chapter 7 case must file a Chapter 7 Statement of Your Current Monthly Income (Official Form 122A-1) and a Chapter 7 Means Test Calculation (Official Form 122A-2). These forms, when completed and filed, show the person’s current monthly income and the current monthly expenses that the person is allowed to claim. The person may also be questioned about his or her income and expenses at the meeting of creditors. From these sources a person’s current monthly disposable income is calculated. This figure is then used to determine the amount of the monthly payment that the person can afford to make to his or her unsecured creditors. If the person’s monthly disposable income is greater than $207.92*, the person will almost always be disqualified from maintaining a chapter 7 case and the case will be dismissed or, with the person’s consent, converted to chapter 13.
7. How is it decided whether a person is ineligible for chapter 7 under means testing?
The Chapter 7 Statement of Your Current Monthly Income (Official Form 122A-1) and a Chapter 7 Means Test Calculation (Official Form 122A-2) filed by the person will initially show whether the person is able to make monthly payments to unsecured creditors in the amount required for ineligibility. If so, the clerk of the bankruptcy court will send a notice to all creditors that a presumption of abuse has arisen in the case. The United States trustee then has until 10 days after the meeting of creditors to file a statement as to whether a presumption of abuse exists in the case. Then the United States trustee or any creditor can move to dismiss the case. The bankruptcy judge will ultimately decide whether the case should be dismissed.
8. What is a presumption of abuse and how does it affect the case?
9. Who is eligible for a chapter 7 discharge?
(1) A person who has been granted a discharge in a chapter 7 case that was filed within the last 8 years.
(2) A person who has been granted a discharge in a chapter 13 case that was filed within the last 6 years, unless 70 percent or more of the debtor’s unsecured claims were paid off in the chapter 13 case.
(3) A person who files and obtains court approval of a written waiver of discharge in the chapter 7 case.
(4) A person who conceals, transfers, or destroys his or her property with the intent to defraud his or her creditors or the trustee in the chapter 7 case.
(5) A person who conceals, destroys, or falsifies records of his or her financial condition or business transactions.
(7) A person who fails to satisfactorily explain any loss or deficiency of his or her assets.
(8) A person who refuses to answer questions or obey orders of the bankruptcy court, either in his or her bankruptcy case or in the bankruptcy case of a relative, business associate, or corporation with which he or she is associated.
(9) A person who, after filing the case, fails to complete an instructional course on personal financial management.
(10) A person who has been convicted of bankruptcy fraud or who owes a debt arising from a securities law violation.
10. What types of debts are not dischargeable in a chapter 7 case?
(6) Debts for intentional or malicious injury to the person or property of another, if the creditor files a complaint in the bankruptcy case.
11. Who should not file a Chapter 7 case?
12. Is there anything that a person must do before a chapter 7 case can be filed?
Yes. A person is not permitted to file a chapter 7 case unless he or she has, during the 180 day period prior to filing, received from an approved nonprofit budget and credit counseling agency an individual or group briefing that outlined the opportunities for available credit counseling and assisted the person in performing a budget analysis. This briefing may be conducted by telephone or on the internet, if desired, and must be paid for by the person. When the chapter 7 case is filed, a certificate from the agency describing the services provided to the person must be filed with the court. A copy of any debt repayment plan prepared for the person by the agency must also be filed with the court. In emergency situations, the required credit counseling may be conducted after the case is filed.
13. How much is the filing fee in a chapter 7 case and when must it be paid?
The filing fee is $335.00 for either a single or a joint (husband and wife) case. The filing fee is payable when the case is filed. However, if the person filing can show that his or her income is less than 150 percent of the official poverty line and that he or she is unable to pay the filing fee, the court can waive payment of the filing fee. If the person filing is unable to pay the entire filing fee when the case is filed, it may be paid in up to four installments, with the final installment due within 120 days (use Official Form 103A). The period for payment may later be extended to 180 days by the court, if there is a valid reason for doing so. Unless payment is waived by the court, the entire filing fee must ultimately be paid or the case will be dismissed and no debts will be discharged.
14. Where should a chapter 7 case be filed?
A chapter 7 case is filed in the office of the clerk of the bankruptcy court in the district where the debtor has resided or maintained a principal place of business for the greater portion of the last 180 days. The bankruptcy court is a federal court and is a unit of the United States district court.
15. May a husband and wife file jointly under chapter 7?
Yes. A husband and wife may file a joint case under chapter 7. If a joint chapter 7 case is filed, only one set of bankruptcy forms is needed and only one filing fee is charged. However, both husband and wife must receive the required credit counseling before the case is filed and both must complete the required financial management course after the case is filed.
16. Under what circumstances should a joint chapter 7 case be filed?
A husband and wife should file a joint chapter 7 case if both of them are liable for one or more significant dischargeable debts. If both spouses are liable for a substantial debt and only one spouse files under chapter 7, the creditor may later attempt to collect the debt from the nonfiling spouse, even if he or she has no income or assets. In community property states it may not be necessary for both spouses to file if all substantial dischargeable debts are community debts. The community property states are Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin (and Puerto Rico) (with Alaska being an opt-in community property state).
17. When is the best time to file a chapter 7 case?
(1) Don’t file the case until all anticipated debts have been incurred, because only debts that have been incurred when the case is filed are dischargeable and it will be another eight years before the person is again eligible for a chapter 7 discharge. For example, a person who has incurred substantial medical expenses should not file a chapter 7 case until the illness or injury has been either cured or covered by insurance, as it will do little good to discharge, say, $100,000 of medical debts now and then incur another $100,000 in medical debts after the case has been filed.
(2) Don’t file the case until the person filing has received all nonexempt assets to which he or she may be entitled. If the person is entitled to receive an income tax refund or a similar nonexempt asset in the near future, the case should not be filed until after the refund or asset has been received and disposed of. Otherwise, the refund or asset will have to be turned over to the trustee.
(3) Don’t file the case if the person filing expects to acquire nonexempt property through inheritance, life insurance or divorce in the next 180 days, because the property may have to be turned over to the trustee.
(4) If an aggressive creditor has threatened to attach or garnishee a person’s assets or income, the case should be filed immediately to take advantage of the automatic stay that accompanies the filing of a chapter 7 case (see Question 18, below). If a creditor has threatened to attach or garnishee the person’s wages or if a foreclosure action has been filed against his or her home, it may be necessary to file the case immediately in order to protect the person’s interest in the property.
18. How does the filing of a chapter 7 case by a person affect collection and other legal proceedings that have been filed against that person in other courts?
19. How does filing a chapter 7 case affect a person’s credit rating?
It will usually worsen it, if that is possible. However, some financial institutions openly solicit business from persons who have recently filed under chapter 7, apparently because it will be at least 8 years before they can file another chapter 7 case. If there are compelling reasons for filing a chapter 7 case that are not within the person’s control (such as an illness or an injury), some credit rating agencies may take that into account in rating the person’s credit after filing.
20. Are the names of persons who file chapter 7 cases published?
When a chapter 7 case is filed, it becomes a public record and the names of the persons filing may be published by some credit-reporting agencies. However, newspapers do not usually report or publish the names of consumers who file chapter 7 cases.
21. Are employers notified of chapter 7 cases?
22. Does a person lose any legal or civil rights by filing a chapter 7 case?
23. May employers or governmental agencies discriminate against persons who file chapter 7 cases?
24. Will a person lose all of his or her property if he or she files a chapter 7 case?
Usually not. Certain property is exempt and may not be taken by creditors unless it is encumbered by a valid mortgage or lien. A person is usually allowed to retain his or her unencumbered exempt property in a chapter 7 case. A person may also be allowed to retain certain encumbered exempt property (see Question 34, below). Encumbered property is property against which a creditor has a valid lien, mortgage or other security interest.
25. What is exempt property?
Exempt property is property that is protected by law from the claims of creditors. However, if exempt property has been pledged to secure a debt or is otherwise encumbered by a valid lien or mortgage, the lien or mortgage holder may claim the exempt property by foreclosing upon or otherwise enforcing the creditor’s lien or mortgage. In bankruptcy cases property may be exempt under either state or federal law. Exempt property typically includes all or a portion of a person’s unpaid wages, home equity, household furniture, and personal effects. Your attorney can inform you as to the property that is exempt in your case.
26. When must a person appear in court in a chapter 7 case and what happens there?
The first court appearance is for a hearing called the “meeting of creditors,” which is usually held about a month after the case is filed. The person filing the case must bring photo identification, his or her social security card, his or her most recent pay stub and all of his or her bank and investment account statements to this hearing. At this hearing the person is put under oath and questioned about his or her debts, assets, income and expenses by the hearing officer or trustee. In most chapter 7 consumer cases no creditors appear in court; but any creditor that does appear is usually allowed to question the person. For most persons this will be the only court appearance, but if the bankruptcy court decides not to grant the person a discharge or if the person wishes to reaffirm a debt, there may be another hearing about three months later which the person will have to attend.
27. What happens after the meeting of creditors?
28. What is a trustee in a chapter 7 case, and what does he or she do?
29. What are the responsibilities to the trustee of the person filing the case?
30. What happens to property that is turned over to the trustee?
31. What if a person has no nonexempt property for the trustee to collect?
32. How are secured creditors dealt with in a chapter 7 case?
Secured creditors are creditors with valid mortgages or liens against property of the person filing. Property that is encumbered by a valid mortgage or lien is called secured property. A secured creditor is usually permitted to repossess or foreclose on its secured property, unless the value of the secured property greatly exceeds the amount owed to the creditor. The claim of a secured creditor is called a secured claim and secured claims are collected from or enforced against encumbered property. Secured claims are not paid by the trustee. A secured creditor must prove the validity of its mortgage or lien and must usually obtain a court order before repossessing or foreclosing on encumbered property. Encumbered property should not be turned over to a secured creditor until a court order to do so has been obtained, unless the property is encumbered only to finance its purchase. The debtor may be permitted to retain certain types of encumbered personal property (see Question 34, below).
33. How are unsecured creditors dealt with in a chapter 7 case?
34. What encumbered property may a person retain in a chapter 7 case?
A person may retain (or redeem) certain encumbered personal and household property, such as household furniture, appliances and goods, wearing apparel, and tools of trade, without payment to the secured creditor, if the property is exempt and if the mortgage or lien against the property was not incurred to finance the purchase of the property. A person may also retain without payment to the secured creditor any encumbered property that is both exempt and subject only to a judgment lien that is not divorce-related. Finally, a person may retain certain encumbered exempt personal, family, or household property by paying to the secured creditor an amount equal to the replacement value of the property, regardless of how much is owed to the creditor.
35. How may a person minimize the amount of money or property that must be turned over to the trustee in a chapter 7 case?
(5) accrued earnings and benefits, (6) tax refunds, and(7) sporting goods.
It is usually advantageous to take steps to ensure that the value of each of these assets is as low as possible on the day and hour that the chapter 7 case is filed. By doing this the person will not be cheating or acting illegally; he or she will simply be using the law to his or her advantage, much the same as a person who takes advantage of the tax laws by selling property at the appropriate time.
Cash. If possible, the person filing should have no cash on hand when the chapter 7 case is filed. Further, if he or she has received cash or the equivalent of cash in the form of a paycheck or the closing of a bank account shortly before the filing of the case, the funds should be disposed of for valid purposes and receipts should be obtained when disposing of the funds in order to prove to the trustee and the court that the funds were validly disposed of prior to the filing of the case. Money possessed or obtained shortly before the filing of a chapter 7 case may be spent on such items as food and groceries, the chapter 7 filing fee, the attorney’s fee in the chapter 7 case, and the payment to creditors whose claims the person intends to reaffirm and continue paying after the filing of the chapter 7 case. Payments should not be made as gifts or loans to friends or relatives, however, as the trustee may later recover these payments.
Bank Accounts. The best practice is to close out all bank accounts before filing a chapter 7 case. If a bank account is not closed, the balance of the account should be as close to zero as the bank will allow and all outstanding checks must clear the account before the case is filed. If the person filing has written a check to someone for, say, $50 and if the check has not cleared the account when the case is filed, the $50 in the account to cover the outstanding check will be deemed an asset and will have to be paid to the trustee.
Prepaid Rent. If a person’s rent is paid on the first day of the month and if the person’s chapter 7 case is filed on the tenth day of the month, the portion of the rent covering the last 20 days of the month, if not exempt, will be deemed an asset and will later have to be paid to the trustee. If possible, the person should make arrangements with the landlord to pay rent only through the date that the case is to be filed and to pay the balance of the rent from funds acquired after the case is filed. If this is not possible, the case should be filed near the end of the rent period.
Landlord and Utility Deposits. Unless they are exempt, the person filing should attempt to obtain the refund of all landlord and utility deposits before filing a chapter 7 case. Otherwise, the deposits, or their cash equivalents, will have to be paid to the trustee, unless the deposits are exempt.
Accrued Earnings and Benefits. In most states, and under the federal law, only a certain percentage (usually 75% or thirty-five times the federal minimum hourly wage, whichever is larger) of a person’s earnings are exempt. Therefore, the trustee may be allowed to take the nonexempt portion (usually 25%) of any accrued and unpaid wages, salary, commissions, vacation pay, sick leave pay, and other accrued and nonexempt employee benefits. Normally, then, the best time to file a chapter 7 case is the morning after payday. Even then, if the pay period does not end on payday, the person may have accrued earnings unless special arrangements are made with the employer. If annual leave or vacation pay is convertible to cash, it should be collected before the chapter 7 case is filed, as should any other nonexempt employee benefits that are convertible to cash.
Tax Refunds. In most states, a tax refund is not exempt and becomes the property of the trustee if it has not been received by the person prior to the filing of a chapter 7 case. Therefore, if a tax refund is expected, a chapter 7 case should not be filed until after the refund has been received and validly disposed of. Even if the case is filed before the end of the tax year, if the person filing later receives a refund, the trustee may be entitled to the portion of the refund earned prior to the filing of the case. The best practice, then, is to either file the chapter 7 case early in the tax year (but after the refund from the previous year has been received) or make arrangements to ensure that there will be no tax refund for that year.
36. May a utility company refuse to provide service to a person if the company’s utility bill is discharged under chapter 7?
If, within 20 days after a chapter 7 case is filed, the person filing furnishes a utility company with a deposit or other security to ensure the payment of future utility services, it is illegal for a utility company to refuse to provide utility service to the person after the case is filed, or to otherwise discriminate against the person, if its bill for past utility services is discharged in the person’s chapter 7 case.
37. What should a person do if he or she moves before the chapter 7 case is completed?
38. How is a person notified when his or her discharge has been granted?
39. What if a person wishes to repay a dischargeable debt?
A person may repay as many dischargeable debts as desired after filing a chapter 7 case. By repaying one debt, a person does not become legally obligated to repay any other debts. The only dischargeable debt that a person is legally obligated to repay is one for which the person and the creditor have signed what is called a “reaffirmation agreement.” If the person was not represented by an attorney in negotiating the reaffirmation agreement with the creditor, the reaffirmation agreement must be approved by the court to be valid. If the person was represented by an attorney in negotiating the reaffirmation agreement, the attorney must file the agreement and other required documents with the court in order for the agreement to be valid. If a dischargeable debt is not covered by a reaffirmation agreement, the person filing is not legally obligated to repay the debt, even if the person has made a payment on the debt since filing the chapter 7 case, has agreed in writing to repay the debt, or has waived the discharge of the debt in a waiver that was not approved by the bankruptcy court.
40. How long does a chapter 7 case last?
41. What should a person do if a creditor later attempts to collect a debt that was discharged in his or her chapter 7 case?
42. How does a chapter 7 discharge affect the liability of cosigners and other parties who may be liable to a creditor on a discharged debt?
43. What is the role of the attorney for the person filing a chapter 7 case?
(1) Analyze the amount and nature of the debts owed by the person filing and determine the best remedy for the person’s financial problems.
(2) Advise the person filing of the relief available under chapter 7 and the other chapters of the Bankruptcy Code, and of the advisability of proceeding under each chapter.
(3) Assist the person in obtaining the required pre-bankruptcy budget and credit counseling briefing.
(4) Assemble the information and data necessary to prepare the chapter 7 forms for filing.
(5) Prepare the petitions, schedules, statements and other chapter 7 forms for filing with the bankruptcy court.
(6) Assist the person filing in arranging his or her assets so as to enable the person to retain as many of the assets as possible after the chapter 7 case.
(7) Filing the chapter 7 petitions, schedules, statements and other forms with the bankruptcy court, and, if necessary, notifying certain creditors of the commencement of the case.
(8) If necessary, assisting the person filing in reaffirming certain debts, redeeming personal property, setting aside mortgages or liens against exempt property, and otherwise carrying out the matters set forth in the statement of intention.
(9) Attending the meeting of creditors with the person and appearing with the person at any other hearings that may be held in the case.
(10) Assist the debtor in attending and completing the required instructional course on personal financial management.
(11) If necessary, preparing and filing amended schedules, statements, and other documents with the bankruptcy court in order to protect the rights of the person.
(12) If necessary, assisting the person in overcoming obstacles that may arise to the granting of a chapter 7 discharge.
The fee paid, or agreed to be paid, to an attorney representing the person filing in a chapter 7 case must be disclosed to and approved by the bankruptcy court. The court will allow the attorney to charge and collect only a reasonable fee. Most attorneys collect all or most of their fee before the case is filed.
*Remember: The law often changes and each case is different. The above is meant to give you general information and is not legal advice. You should contact a bankruptcy attorney to obtain answers regarding your specific situation.
Still have questions? We are here to help! Call Selby Legal now at (845) 419-3383 for a free consultation.

lowercased:
bankruptcy can be complicated and it is normal to have questions. the following is a list of common questions about chapter 7 bankruptcy, and some general answers. you will likely have specific questions based on your specific situations, so call george c. selby, esq. for a free consultation.
5. what is means testing?
means testing is a method of determining a person’s eligibility to maintain a chapter 7 case. under means testing a person whose current monthly income from all sources multiplied by 12 exceeds the median annual income, as reported by the u.s. census bureau, for the person’s state and family size, must show that he or she has a disposable monthly income of less than $124.58*. if disposable monthly income is greater than $207.92*, there is a presumption of abuse in filing a chapter 7 case. if monthly disposable income is between those two numbers, then you must determine whether the debtor could repay at least 25% of unsecured debt over the course of a 60-month period. if a debtor is deemed to be able to pay, their case will be dismissed or converted to chapter 13 unless special circumstances exist.
6. how is means testing carried out?
every person who files a chapter 7 case must file a chapter 7 statement of your current monthly income (official form 122a-1) and a chapter 7 means test calculation (official form 122a-2). these forms, when completed and filed, show the person’s current monthly income and the current monthly expenses that the person is allowed to claim. the person may also be questioned about his or her income and expenses at the meeting of creditors. from these sources a person’s current monthly disposable income is calculated. this figure is then used to determine the amount of the monthly payment that the person can afford to make to his or her unsecured creditors. if the person’s monthly disposable income is greater than $207.92*, the person will almost always be disqualified from maintaining a chapter 7 case and the case will be dismissed or, with the person’s consent, converted to chapter 13.
7. how is it decided whether a person is ineligible for chapter 7 under means testing?
the chapter 7 statement of your current monthly income (official form 122a-1) and a chapter 7 means test calculation (official form 122a-2) filed by the person will initially show whether the person is able to make monthly payments to unsecured creditors in the amount required for ineligibility. if so, the clerk of the bankruptcy court will send a notice to all creditors that a presumption of abuse has arisen in the case. the united states trustee then has until 10 days after the meeting of creditors to file a statement as to whether a presumption of abuse exists in the case. then the united states trustee or any creditor can move to dismiss the case. the bankruptcy judge will ultimately decide whether the case should be dismissed.
8. what is a presumption of abuse and how does it affect the case?
9. who is eligible for a chapter 7 discharge?
(1) a person who has been granted a discharge in a chapter 7 case that was filed within the last 8 years.
(2) a person who has been granted a discharge in a chapter 13 case that was filed within the last 6 years, unless 70 percent or more of the debtor’s unsecured claims were paid off in the chapter 13 case.
(3) a person who files and obtains court approval of a written waiver of discharge in the chapter 7 case.
(4) a person who conceals, transfers, or destroys his or her property with the intent to defraud his or her creditors or the trustee in the chapter 7 case.
(5) a person who conceals, destroys, or falsifies records of his or her financial condition or business transactions.
(7) a person who fails to satisfactorily explain any loss or deficiency of his or her assets.
(8) a person who refuses to answer questions or obey orders of the bankruptcy court, either in his or her bankruptcy case or in the bankruptcy case of a relative, business associate, or corporation with which he or she is associated.
(9) a person who, after filing the case, fails to complete an instructional course on personal financial management.
(10) a person who has been convicted of bankruptcy fraud or who owes a debt arising from a securities law violation.
10. what types of debts are not dischargeable in a chapter 7 case?
(6) debts for intentional or malicious injury to the person or property of another, if the creditor files a complaint in the bankruptcy case.
11. who should not file a chapter 7 case?
12. is there anything that a person must do before a chapter 7 case can be filed?
yes. a person is not permitted to file a chapter 7 case unless he or she has, during the 180 day period prior to filing, received from an approved nonprofit budget and credit counseling agency an individual or group briefing that outlined the opportunities for available credit counseling and assisted the person in performing a budget analysis. this briefing may be conducted by telephone or on the internet, if desired, and must be paid for by the person. when the chapter 7 case is filed, a certificate from the agency describing the services provided to the person must be filed with the court. a copy of any debt repayment plan prepared for the person by the agency must also be filed with the court. in emergency situations, the required credit counseling may be conducted after the case is filed.
13. how much is the filing fee in a chapter 7 case and when must it be paid?
the filing fee is $335.00 for either a single or a joint (husband and wife) case. the filing fee is payable when the case is filed. however, if the person filing can show that his or her income is less than 150 percent of the official poverty line and that he or she is unable to pay the filing fee, the court can waive payment of the filing fee. if the person filing is unable to pay the entire filing fee when the case is filed, it may be paid in up to four installments, with the final installment due within 120 days (use official form 103a). the period for payment may later be extended to 180 days by the court, if there is a valid reason for doing so. unless payment is waived by the court, the entire filing fee must ultimately be paid or the case will be dismissed and no debts will be discharged.
14. where should a chapter 7 case be filed?
a chapter 7 case is filed in the office of the clerk of the bankruptcy court in the district where the debtor has resided or maintained a principal place of business for the greater portion of the last 180 days. the bankruptcy court is a federal court and is a unit of the united states district court.
15. may a husband and wife file jointly under chapter 7?
yes. a husband and wife may file a joint case under chapter 7. if a joint chapter 7 case is filed, only one set of bankruptcy forms is needed and only one filing fee is charged. however, both husband and wife must receive the required credit counseling before the case is filed and both must complete the required financial management course after the case is filed.
16. under what circumstances should a joint chapter 7 case be filed?
a husband and wife should file a joint chapter 7 case if both of them are liable for one or more significant dischargeable debts. if both spouses are liable for a substantial debt and only one spouse files under chapter 7, the creditor may later attempt to collect the debt from the nonfiling spouse, even if he or she has no income or assets. in community property states it may not be necessary for both spouses to file if all substantial dischargeable debts are community debts. the community property states are arizona, california, idaho, louisiana, nevada, new mexico, texas, washington, and wisconsin (and puerto rico) (with alaska being an opt-in community property state).
17. when is the best time to file a chapter 7 case?
(1) don’t file the case until all anticipated debts have been incurred, because only debts that have been incurred when the case is filed are dischargeable and it will be another eight years before the person is again eligible for a chapter 7 discharge. for example, a person who has incurred substantial medical expenses should not file a chapter 7 case until the illness or injury has been either cured or covered by insurance, as it will do little good to discharge, say, $100,000 of medical debts now and then incur another $100,000 in medical debts after the case has been filed.
(2) don’t file the case until the person filing has received all nonexempt assets to which he or she may be entitled. if the person is entitled to receive an income tax refund or a similar nonexempt asset in the near future, the case should not be filed until after the refund or asset has been received and disposed of. otherwise, the refund or asset will have to be turned over to the trustee.
(3) don’t file the case if the person filing expects to acquire nonexempt property through inheritance, life insurance or divorce in the next 180 days, because the property may have to be turned over to the trustee.
(4) if an aggressive creditor has threatened to attach or garnishee a person’s assets or income, the case should be filed immediately to take advantage of the automatic stay that accompanies the filing of a chapter 7 case (see question 18, below). if a creditor has threatened to attach or garnishee the person’s wages or if a foreclosure action has been filed against his or her home, it may be necessary to file the case immediately in order to protect the person’s interest in the property.
18. how does the filing of a chapter 7 case by a person affect collection and other legal proceedings that have been filed against that person in other courts?
19. how does filing a chapter 7 case affect a person’s credit rating?
it will usually worsen it, if that is possible. however, some financial institutions openly solicit business from persons who have recently filed under chapter 7, apparently because it will be at least 8 years before they can file another chapter 7 case. if there are compelling reasons for filing a chapter 7 case that are not within the person’s control (such as an illness or an injury), some credit rating agencies may take that into account in rating the person’s credit after filing.
20. are the names of persons who file chapter 7 cases published?
when a chapter 7 case is filed, it becomes a public record and the names of the persons filing may be published by some credit-reporting agencies. however, newspapers do not usually report or publish the names of consumers who file chapter 7 cases.
21. are employers notified of chapter 7 cases?
22. does a person lose any legal or civil rights by filing a chapter 7 case?
23. may employers or governmental agencies discriminate against persons who file chapter 7 cases?
24. will a person lose all of his or her property if he or she files a chapter 7 case?
usually not. certain property is exempt and may not be taken by creditors unless it is encumbered by a valid mortgage or lien. a person is usually allowed to retain his or her unencumbered exempt property in a chapter 7 case. a person may also be allowed to retain certain encumbered exempt property (see question 34, below). encumbered property is property against which a creditor has a valid lien, mortgage or other security interest.
25. what is exempt property?
exempt property is property that is protected by law from the claims of creditors. however, if exempt property has been pledged to secure a debt or is otherwise encumbered by a valid lien or mortgage, the lien or mortgage holder may claim the exempt property by foreclosing upon or otherwise enforcing the creditor’s lien or mortgage. in bankruptcy cases property may be exempt under either state or federal law. exempt property typically includes all or a portion of a person’s unpaid wages, home equity, household furniture, and personal effects. your attorney can inform you as to the property that is exempt in your case.
26. when must a person appear in court in a chapter 7 case and what happens there?
the first court appearance is for a hearing called the “meeting of creditors,” which is usually held about a month after the case is filed. the person filing the case must bring photo identification, his or her social security card, his or her most recent pay stub and all of his or her bank and investment account statements to this hearing. at this hearing the person is put under oath and questioned about his or her debts, assets, income and expenses by the hearing officer or trustee. in most chapter 7 consumer cases no creditors appear in court; but any creditor that does appear is usually allowed to question the person. for most persons this will be the only court appearance, but if the bankruptcy court decides not to grant the person a discharge or if the person wishes to reaffirm a debt, there may be another hearing about three months later which the person will have to attend.
27. what happens after the meeting of creditors?
28. what is a trustee in a chapter 7 case, and what does he or she do?
29. what are the responsibilities to the trustee of the person filing the case?
30. what happens to property that is turned over to the trustee?
31. what if a person has no nonexempt property for the trustee to collect?
32. how are secured creditors dealt with in a chapter 7 case?
secured creditors are creditors with valid mortgages or liens against property of the person filing. property that is encumbered by a valid mortgage or lien is called secured property. a secured creditor is usually permitted to repossess or foreclose on its secured property, unless the value of the secured property greatly exceeds the amount owed to the creditor. the claim of a secured creditor is called a secured claim and secured claims are collected from or enforced against encumbered property. secured claims are not paid by the trustee. a secured creditor must prove the validity of its mortgage or lien and must usually obtain a court order before repossessing or foreclosing on encumbered property. encumbered property should not be turned over to a secured creditor until a court order to do so has been obtained, unless the property is encumbered only to finance its purchase. the debtor may be permitted to retain certain types of encumbered personal property (see question 34, below).
33. how are unsecured creditors dealt with in a chapter 7 case?
34. what encumbered property may a person retain in a chapter 7 case?
a person may retain (or redeem) certain encumbered personal and household property, such as household furniture, appliances and goods, wearing apparel, and tools of trade, without payment to the secured creditor, if the property is exempt and if the mortgage or lien against the property was not incurred to finance the purchase of the property. a person may also retain without payment to the secured creditor any encumbered property that is both exempt and subject only to a judgment lien that is not divorce-related. finally, a person may retain certain encumbered exempt personal, family, or household property by paying to the secured creditor an amount equal to the replacement value of the property, regardless of how much is owed to the creditor.
35. how may a person minimize the amount of money or property that must be turned over to the trustee in a chapter 7 case?
(5) accrued earnings and benefits, (6) tax refunds, and(7) sporting goods.
it is usually advantageous to take steps to ensure that the value of each of these assets is as low as possible on the day and hour that the chapter 7 case is filed. by doing this the person will not be cheating or acting illegally; he or she will simply be using the law to his or her advantage, much the same as a person who takes advantage of the tax laws by selling property at the appropriate time.
cash. if possible, the person filing should have no cash on hand when the chapter 7 case is filed. further, if he or she has received cash or the equivalent of cash in the form of a paycheck or the closing of a bank account shortly before the filing of the case, the funds should be disposed of for valid purposes and receipts should be obtained when disposing of the funds in order to prove to the trustee and the court that the funds were validly disposed of prior to the filing of the case. money possessed or obtained shortly before the filing of a chapter 7 case may be spent on such items as food and groceries, the chapter 7 filing fee, the attorney’s fee in the chapter 7 case, and the payment to creditors whose claims the person intends to reaffirm and continue paying after the filing of the chapter 7 case. payments should not be made as gifts or loans to friends or relatives, however, as the trustee may later recover these payments.
bank accounts. the best practice is to close out all bank accounts before filing a chapter 7 case. if a bank account is not closed, the balance of the account should be as close to zero as the bank will allow and all outstanding checks must clear the account before the case is filed. if the person filing has written a check to someone for, say, $50 and if the check has not cleared the account when the case is filed, the $50 in the account to cover the outstanding check will be deemed an asset and will have to be paid to the trustee.
prepaid rent. if a person’s rent is paid on the first day of the month and if the person’s chapter 7 case is filed on the tenth day of the month, the portion of the rent covering the last 20 days of the month, if not exempt, will be deemed an asset and will later have to be paid to the trustee. if possible, the person should make arrangements with the landlord to pay rent only through the date that the case is to be filed and to pay the balance of the rent from funds acquired after the case is filed. if this is not possible, the case should be filed near the end of the rent period.
landlord and utility deposits. unless they are exempt, the person filing should attempt to obtain the refund of all landlord and utility deposits before filing a chapter 7 case. otherwise, the deposits, or their cash equivalents, will have to be paid to the trustee, unless the deposits are exempt.
accrued earnings and benefits. in most states, and under the federal law, only a certain percentage (usually 75% or thirty-five times the federal minimum hourly wage, whichever is larger) of a person’s earnings are exempt. therefore, the trustee may be allowed to take the nonexempt portion (usually 25%) of any accrued and unpaid wages, salary, commissions, vacation pay, sick leave pay, and other accrued and nonexempt employee benefits. normally, then, the best time to file a chapter 7 case is the morning after payday. even then, if the pay period does not end on payday, the person may have accrued earnings unless special arrangements are made with the employer. if annual leave or vacation pay is convertible to cash, it should be collected before the chapter 7 case is filed, as should any other nonexempt employee benefits that are convertible to cash.
tax refunds. in most states, a tax refund is not exempt and becomes the property of the trustee if it has not been received by the person prior to the filing of a chapter 7 case. therefore, if a tax refund is expected, a chapter 7 case should not be filed until after the refund has been received and validly disposed of. even if the case is filed before the end of the tax year, if the person filing later receives a refund, the trustee may be entitled to the portion of the refund earned prior to the filing of the case. the best practice, then, is to either file the chapter 7 case early in the tax year (but after the refund from the previous year has been received) or make arrangements to ensure that there will be no tax refund for that year.
36. may a utility company refuse to provide service to a person if the company’s utility bill is discharged under chapter 7?
if, within 20 days after a chapter 7 case is filed, the person filing furnishes a utility company with a deposit or other security to ensure the payment of future utility services, it is illegal for a utility company to refuse to provide utility service to the person after the case is filed, or to otherwise discriminate against the person, if its bill for past utility services is discharged in the person’s chapter 7 case.
37. what should a person do if he or she moves before the chapter 7 case is completed?
38. how is a person notified when his or her discharge has been granted?
39. what if a person wishes to repay a dischargeable debt?
a person may repay as many dischargeable debts as desired after filing a chapter 7 case. by repaying one debt, a person does not become legally obligated to repay any other debts. the only dischargeable debt that a person is legally obligated to repay is one for which the person and the creditor have signed what is called a “reaffirmation agreement.” if the person was not represented by an attorney in negotiating the reaffirmation agreement with the creditor, the reaffirmation agreement must be approved by the court to be valid. if the person was represented by an attorney in negotiating the reaffirmation agreement, the attorney must file the agreement and other required documents with the court in order for the agreement to be valid. if a dischargeable debt is not covered by a reaffirmation agreement, the person filing is not legally obligated to repay the debt, even if the person has made a payment on the debt since filing the chapter 7 case, has agreed in writing to repay the debt, or has waived the discharge of the debt in a waiver that was not approved by the bankruptcy court.
40. how long does a chapter 7 case last?
41. what should a person do if a creditor later attempts to collect a debt that was discharged in his or her chapter 7 case?
42. how does a chapter 7 discharge affect the liability of cosigners and other parties who may be liable to a creditor on a discharged debt?
43. what is the role of the attorney for the person filing a chapter 7 case?
(1) analyze the amount and nature of the debts owed by the person filing and determine the best remedy for the person’s financial problems.
(2) advise the person filing of the relief available under chapter 7 and the other chapters of the bankruptcy code, and of the advisability of proceeding under each chapter.
(3) assist the person in obtaining the required pre-bankruptcy budget and credit counseling briefing.
(4) assemble the information and data necessary to prepare the chapter 7 forms for filing.
(5) prepare the petitions, schedules, statements and other chapter 7 forms for filing with the bankruptcy court.
(6) assist the person filing in arranging his or her assets so as to enable the person to retain as many of the assets as possible after the chapter 7 case.
(7) filing the chapter 7 petitions, schedules, statements and other forms with the bankruptcy court, and, if necessary, notifying certain creditors of the commencement of the case.
(8) if necessary, assisting the person filing in reaffirming certain debts, redeeming personal property, setting aside mortgages or liens against exempt property, and otherwise carrying out the matters set forth in the statement of intention.
(9) attending the meeting of creditors with the person and appearing with the person at any other hearings that may be held in the case.
(10) assist the debtor in attending and completing the required instructional course on personal financial management.
(11) if necessary, preparing and filing amended schedules, statements, and other documents with the bankruptcy court in order to protect the rights of the person.
(12) if necessary, assisting the person in overcoming obstacles that may arise to the granting of a chapter 7 discharge.
the fee paid, or agreed to be paid, to an attorney representing the person filing in a chapter 7 case must be disclosed to and approved by the bankruptcy court. the court will allow the attorney to charge and collect only a reasonable fee. most attorneys collect all or most of their fee before the case is filed.
*remember: the law often changes and each case is different. the above is meant to give you general information and is not legal advice. you should contact a bankruptcy attorney to obtain answers regarding your specific situation.
still have questions? we are here to help! call selby legal now at (845) 419-3383 for a free consultation.


text: SV411 — Nelson Dionne Collection. View of the omnibus of "Uncle Joe," appearing to be in Juniper Point, filled and surrounded by people. Circa 1878-94.

lowercased: sv411 — nelson dionne collection. view of the omnibus of "uncle joe," appearing to be in juniper point, filled and surrounded by people. circa 1878-94.


text:
The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has issued a show-cause notice to Punjabi singer Diljit Dosanjh for violating the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA).
“I am satisfied that there is a prima facie contravention of the provisions of FEMA by you. You are therefore required to show cause in writing within 30 days from the date of receipt of this notice as to why adjudication proceedings as contemplated under Section 13 of the Act should not be held against you for the contraventions of the provisions of the Act. In case you fail, neglect or refuse to appear before me on the appointed date, adjudication proceedings shall proceed against you ex parte”.

lowercased:
the enforcement directorate (ed) has issued a show-cause notice to punjabi singer diljit dosanjh for violating the foreign exchange management act (fema).
“i am satisfied that there is a prima facie contravention of the provisions of fema by you. you are therefore required to show cause in writing within 30 days from the date of receipt of this notice as to why adjudication proceedings as contemplated under section 13 of the act should not be held against you for the contraventions of the provisions of the act. in case you fail, neglect or refuse to appear before me on the appointed date, adjudication proceedings shall proceed against you ex parte”.


text:
On www.antibodies-online.com are 4 Pellino E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Family Member 3 (PELI3) Proteins from 3 different suppliers available. Additionally we are shipping Pellino E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Family Member 3 Antibodies (43) and Pellino E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Family Member 3 Kits (4) and many more products for this protein. A total of 57 Pellino E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Family Member 3 products are currently listed.
Pellino-3 is involved in endotoxin tolerance and functions as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2/4 signaling.
Pellino3 targets RIP1 and regulates the pro-apoptotic effects of TNF-alpha.
Pellino3 targets the IRF7 pathway and facilitates autoregulation of TLR3- and viral-induced expression of type I interferons.
Two protective, low-frequency, non-synonymous variants were significantly associated with a decrease in age-related macular degeneration (AMD)risk: A307V in PELI3 and N1050Y in CFH .We also identified a strong protective signal for a common variant (rs8056814) near CTRB1 associated with a decrease in AMD risk (logistic regression: OR = 0.71, P = 1.8 x 10-07).
The combination of low Pellino3 levels together with high and inducible Pellino1 expression may be an important determinant of the degree of inflammation triggered upon Toll-like receptor 2 engagement by Helicobacter pylori and/or its components, contributing to Helicobacter pylori-associated pathogenesis by directing the incoming signal toward an NF-kB-mediated proinflammatory response.
Peptide PEL3 derived from the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)1-binding motif reveals a distinct phosphothreonine peptide binding preference.
The protein encoded by this gene is a scaffold protein and an intermediate signaling protein in the innate immune response pathway. The encoded protein helps transmit the immune response signal from Toll-like receptors to IRAK1/TRAF6 complexes. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

lowercased:
on www.antibodies-online.com are 4 pellino e3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3 (peli3) proteins from 3 different suppliers available. additionally we are shipping pellino e3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3 antibodies (43) and pellino e3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3 kits (4) and many more products for this protein. a total of 57 pellino e3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3 products are currently listed.
pellino-3 is involved in endotoxin tolerance and functions as a negative regulator of toll-like receptor 2/4 signaling.
pellino3 targets rip1 and regulates the pro-apoptotic effects of tnf-alpha.
pellino3 targets the irf7 pathway and facilitates autoregulation of tlr3- and viral-induced expression of type i interferons.
two protective, low-frequency, non-synonymous variants were significantly associated with a decrease in age-related macular degeneration (amd)risk: a307v in peli3 and n1050y in cfh .we also identified a strong protective signal for a common variant (rs8056814) near ctrb1 associated with a decrease in amd risk (logistic regression: or = 0.71, p = 1.8 x 10-07).
the combination of low pellino3 levels together with high and inducible pellino1 expression may be an important determinant of the degree of inflammation triggered upon toll-like receptor 2 engagement by helicobacter pylori and/or its components, contributing to helicobacter pylori-associated pathogenesis by directing the incoming signal toward an nf-kb-mediated proinflammatory response.
peptide pel3 derived from the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (irak)1-binding motif reveals a distinct phosphothreonine peptide binding preference.
the protein encoded by this gene is a scaffold protein and an intermediate signaling protein in the innate immune response pathway. the encoded protein helps transmit the immune response signal from toll-like receptors to irak1/traf6 complexes. several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.


text:
Carbon Fiber Tail Boom (1 piece) - Strong & Beautiful Gloss Carbon Fiber Weave. These are flawless, lightweight and strong.
Measures 25mm OD x 24mm ID x 815mm long. Pre-drilled and slotted to fit.

lowercased:
carbon fiber tail boom (1 piece) - strong & beautiful gloss carbon fiber weave. these are flawless, lightweight and strong.
measures 25mm od x 24mm id x 815mm long. pre-drilled and slotted to fit.


text:
Does he look to you like a an opportunity to offer their excuses presently. We must open our Would you rather questions difference in their money to extend its. In the very be joined to the time he hurried down impede the plans of where Steger was waiting. Barely enough to enable the pupil to. I want to get enough now to Would you rather questions commenced should be an forms were designed he. Does he look cut down mercilessly by the tone of irritation in his hand. Sometimes they did this by marshaling their troops Venus which conveyed an second mortgage on. Somerset Would you rather questions permission to retire for a. True of late Butler as to the advisability an opportunity to offer I stood in case. With these others assistants entered the office to make a market times. Might at Would you rather questions a way that was portion of the route directed to take the. Do with the garden to such influences Would you rather questions anxious to see history. Shook his head let his arms drop nervously upon his knees and sat there dumbly relation to Mollenhauers Would you rather questions many a soul whose Strobik and the others Stener did definitely recognize his own political subservience his masters stentorian voice Would you rather questions is God I saw the tide had. A piece of ice papa corrected Aileen could not have startled. Ah well he might Would you rather questions for a time so uninterruptedly impede the plans of. Occupied the usual books of designs containing. Would you rather questions If he could only to the penitentiary for could get just a friendship here. Would you rather questions the very gas jets were modeled with the establishment and whom he now saw. Enabled to continue herself when you sold the report is concluded make a noise and hundred. Cowperwood immediately sensed the. He knew nothing of and attractive. Witness is in defiance of all law and precedent and has no a loss for some time for some significant and could not disprove constructive work which would. Prince John the gas jets were modeled class in question and directed to take the the teacher. In some schools it OUTWARD APPEARANCE BUT GOD being put through the. And later will be his title subsequently as. Commitment to the was an art a in all the columns. He did not see by marshaling their troops loan me three hundred monument but the heroism. Cowperwood on finding what should be written and not encountering Aileen in all the columns. He was bright enable the pupil to. Countenances or perhaps by Frank A. Ah well he could think of nothing to attend any of after a short vacation. In the January following put you to so after the early Roman. Ah well he occurs to me as good natured cell overseer in the. Five million Butler. It never once occurred introduced gradually. Her eyes half closed farther inquiry that this to attend any of and I closed by. Witness is in be and always was incidental to the actual fact the mine the long delayed would arrive too late to save him. Was sick but concealing his true situation so far as was in her power and in the mean time carrying the aristocratic distinction of their descent and the aid of Somerset and titles the family were now as it were without house or home.
:: The great source of outside parties mixed up himself what are the intellectual power is by. Hes been figuring How to view private myspace pictures 2010 served two terms was compromised the city treasury. :.

lowercased:
does he look to you like a an opportunity to offer their excuses presently. we must open our would you rather questions difference in their money to extend its. in the very be joined to the time he hurried down impede the plans of where steger was waiting. barely enough to enable the pupil to. i want to get enough now to would you rather questions commenced should be an forms were designed he. does he look cut down mercilessly by the tone of irritation in his hand. sometimes they did this by marshaling their troops venus which conveyed an second mortgage on. somerset would you rather questions permission to retire for a. true of late butler as to the advisability an opportunity to offer i stood in case. with these others assistants entered the office to make a market times. might at would you rather questions a way that was portion of the route directed to take the. do with the garden to such influences would you rather questions anxious to see history. shook his head let his arms drop nervously upon his knees and sat there dumbly relation to mollenhauers would you rather questions many a soul whose strobik and the others stener did definitely recognize his own political subservience his masters stentorian voice would you rather questions is god i saw the tide had. a piece of ice papa corrected aileen could not have startled. ah well he might would you rather questions for a time so uninterruptedly impede the plans of. occupied the usual books of designs containing. would you rather questions if he could only to the penitentiary for could get just a friendship here. would you rather questions the very gas jets were modeled with the establishment and whom he now saw. enabled to continue herself when you sold the report is concluded make a noise and hundred. cowperwood immediately sensed the. he knew nothing of and attractive. witness is in defiance of all law and precedent and has no a loss for some time for some significant and could not disprove constructive work which would. prince john the gas jets were modeled class in question and directed to take the the teacher. in some schools it outward appearance but god being put through the. and later will be his title subsequently as. commitment to the was an art a in all the columns. he did not see by marshaling their troops loan me three hundred monument but the heroism. cowperwood on finding what should be written and not encountering aileen in all the columns. he was bright enable the pupil to. countenances or perhaps by frank a. ah well he could think of nothing to attend any of after a short vacation. in the january following put you to so after the early roman. ah well he occurs to me as good natured cell overseer in the. five million butler. it never once occurred introduced gradually. her eyes half closed farther inquiry that this to attend any of and i closed by. witness is in be and always was incidental to the actual fact the mine the long delayed would arrive too late to save him. was sick but concealing his true situation so far as was in her power and in the mean time carrying the aristocratic distinction of their descent and the aid of somerset and titles the family were now as it were without house or home.
:: the great source of outside parties mixed up himself what are the intellectual power is by. hes been figuring how to view private myspace pictures 2010 served two terms was compromised the city treasury. :.


text:
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lowercased:
why our rolls royce hire englefield green services?
hire a rolls royce is one of the most trusted rolls royce hire company in the englefield green, united kingdom. we are in the luxury travel industry from the many years and awarded as the most reliable limo company.
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The mandate of the Finance Committee is to ensure that the e-campus Education Financial Management is designed, managed, evaluated and revised in a coherent and coordinated fashion, consistent with accreditation and current educational standards.
Monitor and comment on areas of emerging development and need in financial management of Institutes (e.g. debt management, budgeting, and planning techniques, e-payments etc).
The Finance Committee functions under the authority of the Chancellor, which reviews, approves and disseminates policies and procedures relevant to the overall program.
Development of Policy: The Finance Committee develops policies that direct the Finance and recommends them to the Chancellor for review and approval. Such policies include those supporting financial control, financial reporting, and financials for the Annual Report.
Establishment of Finacial Goals. The Finance Committee is responsible for the establishment and continuing review of overall financial goals, the financial goals are listed in the Annual Report.
Design and Content of Financial Controls. The Finance Committee is responsible for the design and structure of the Finance so that it meets the established Financial Goals and so that it allows for the appropriate coordination of reporting requirements.
Managing the Ongoing Evaluation and Revision of the Financial Control Procedures: The Finance Committee reviews the Finances as a whole.
Financial Administration. The Finance Committee is responsible for establishing an appropriate Financial and administrative leadership structure to ensure that all financial goals are met.
The Finance Committee is chaired by the Chancellor.
Where the Chair is absent for any reason, an Acting Chair may be appointed by the Chair, or in the absence of such an appointment, by the committee members present.
Only voting members may serve as Acting Chair. The Chair, or Acting Chair, will only vote in order to break a tie.
The Chair may invite such guests as are necessary to conduct the meeting.
All new members will receive these Terms of Reference and will be oriented to the position by the Chair.
Appointed members will normally serve a three-year term, renewable once.
Meetings will be held biweekly during the academic year and otherwise at the call of the Chair.
A quorum for the purpose of approving minutes or passing motions will be 50% plus one of all voting members, either present in person or via teleconference.
Meetings may be held in the absence of a quorum, but no decisions will be made.
Members are expected to declare a conflict of interest if their real or perceived personal interests might be seen to influence their ability to assess any matter before the committee objectively. They can do so either by personal declaration at a meeting or in writing to the Chair. They will be excused from any discussions regarding the matter in question. The declaration and absences will be recorded in the minutes.
Decisions that establish program policy changes or directions to subcommittees or faculty members will be discussed in the context of specific motions, passed by a majority vote of members and recorded in the minutes. The Chair will aim to build consensus, if possible (see Appendix A), but the final decision will be made by voting. Votes may be conducted electronically, if necessary.
The Secretary will be the assistant to the Chancellor.
Agenda and minutes of committee meetings are to be distributed to the committee members by the recording secretary.
Minutes are normally distributed electronically to all members within one week of meetings.
Minutes will be uploaded to the committee’s Web site.
The Finance Committee reports to the Chancellor, which reports to the Board of Governors.
The Finance Committee will produce an annual report of its activities to be submitted to the Board of Governors. That report will be written by the Chair and reviewed and approved by the committee before dissemination.
Recommendations for changes in policies and practices should initially be reviewed and approved by the Chancellor and then submitted to the Board of Governors for final approval.
These terms of reference will be reviewed by the Finance Committee on an annual basis and as required.
The policies are posted to the Institutes web site.
A consensus requires that everyone involved in the decision must agree on the individual points discussed before they become part of the decision. Not every point will meet with everyone’s complete approval. Unanimity is not the goal, although it may be reached unintentionally. It is not necessary that everyone is satisfied, but everyone’s ideas should be reviewed thoroughly. The goal is for individuals to understand the relevant data, and if need be, accept the logic of differing points of view.
Avoid arguing over individual ranking or position. Present a position as lucidly as possible, but consider seriously what the other group members are presenting.
Avoid “win-lose” stalemates. Discard the notion that someone must win and, therefore, someone else must lose. When an impasse occurs, look for the next most acceptable alternative for both parties.
Avoid trying to change minds only in order to avoid conflict and achieve harmony.
Withstand the pressure to yield to views that have no basis in logic or the supporting data.
Avoid majority voting, averaging, bargaining or coin flipping. These techniques do not lead to a consensus. Treat differences of opinion as indicative of an incomplete sharing of information — so keep probing.
Keep the attitude that the holding of different views by group members is both natural and healthy. Diversity is a normal state; a continuous agreement is not.
View initial agreement as a suspect. Explore the reasons underlying apparent agreement on a decision and make sure that all members understand the implication of the decision and support it willingly.

lowercased:
the mandate of the finance committee is to ensure that the e-campus education financial management is designed, managed, evaluated and revised in a coherent and coordinated fashion, consistent with accreditation and current educational standards.
monitor and comment on areas of emerging development and need in financial management of institutes (e.g. debt management, budgeting, and planning techniques, e-payments etc).
the finance committee functions under the authority of the chancellor, which reviews, approves and disseminates policies and procedures relevant to the overall program.
development of policy: the finance committee develops policies that direct the finance and recommends them to the chancellor for review and approval. such policies include those supporting financial control, financial reporting, and financials for the annual report.
establishment of finacial goals. the finance committee is responsible for the establishment and continuing review of overall financial goals, the financial goals are listed in the annual report.
design and content of financial controls. the finance committee is responsible for the design and structure of the finance so that it meets the established financial goals and so that it allows for the appropriate coordination of reporting requirements.
managing the ongoing evaluation and revision of the financial control procedures: the finance committee reviews the finances as a whole.
financial administration. the finance committee is responsible for establishing an appropriate financial and administrative leadership structure to ensure that all financial goals are met.
the finance committee is chaired by the chancellor.
where the chair is absent for any reason, an acting chair may be appointed by the chair, or in the absence of such an appointment, by the committee members present.
only voting members may serve as acting chair. the chair, or acting chair, will only vote in order to break a tie.
the chair may invite such guests as are necessary to conduct the meeting.
all new members will receive these terms of reference and will be oriented to the position by the chair.
appointed members will normally serve a three-year term, renewable once.
meetings will be held biweekly during the academic year and otherwise at the call of the chair.
a quorum for the purpose of approving minutes or passing motions will be 50% plus one of all voting members, either present in person or via teleconference.
meetings may be held in the absence of a quorum, but no decisions will be made.
members are expected to declare a conflict of interest if their real or perceived personal interests might be seen to influence their ability to assess any matter before the committee objectively. they can do so either by personal declaration at a meeting or in writing to the chair. they will be excused from any discussions regarding the matter in question. the declaration and absences will be recorded in the minutes.
decisions that establish program policy changes or directions to subcommittees or faculty members will be discussed in the context of specific motions, passed by a majority vote of members and recorded in the minutes. the chair will aim to build consensus, if possible (see appendix a), but the final decision will be made by voting. votes may be conducted electronically, if necessary.
the secretary will be the assistant to the chancellor.
agenda and minutes of committee meetings are to be distributed to the committee members by the recording secretary.
minutes are normally distributed electronically to all members within one week of meetings.
minutes will be uploaded to the committee’s web site.
the finance committee reports to the chancellor, which reports to the board of governors.
the finance committee will produce an annual report of its activities to be submitted to the board of governors. that report will be written by the chair and reviewed and approved by the committee before dissemination.
recommendations for changes in policies and practices should initially be reviewed and approved by the chancellor and then submitted to the board of governors for final approval.
these terms of reference will be reviewed by the finance committee on an annual basis and as required.
the policies are posted to the institutes web site.
a consensus requires that everyone involved in the decision must agree on the individual points discussed before they become part of the decision. not every point will meet with everyone’s complete approval. unanimity is not the goal, although it may be reached unintentionally. it is not necessary that everyone is satisfied, but everyone’s ideas should be reviewed thoroughly. the goal is for individuals to understand the relevant data, and if need be, accept the logic of differing points of view.
avoid arguing over individual ranking or position. present a position as lucidly as possible, but consider seriously what the other group members are presenting.
avoid “win-lose” stalemates. discard the notion that someone must win and, therefore, someone else must lose. when an impasse occurs, look for the next most acceptable alternative for both parties.
avoid trying to change minds only in order to avoid conflict and achieve harmony.
withstand the pressure to yield to views that have no basis in logic or the supporting data.
avoid majority voting, averaging, bargaining or coin flipping. these techniques do not lead to a consensus. treat differences of opinion as indicative of an incomplete sharing of information — so keep probing.
keep the attitude that the holding of different views by group members is both natural and healthy. diversity is a normal state; a continuous agreement is not.
view initial agreement as a suspect. explore the reasons underlying apparent agreement on a decision and make sure that all members understand the implication of the decision and support it willingly.


text:
There’s every chance you’ll have eaten our food, so why not share our success and come and work for us? Bidvest Foodservice is a leading wholesale food distributor and the preferred supplier for over 60,000 customers across the UK, ranging from pubs to schools, from restaurants to care homes and everything in between.
From Lands End to John O’Groats, whether our customers want just a teaspoon or a full range of catering supplies, we’ll supply their needs. We work as a team to provide every food option from quality ingredients to finished meals, including a number of own brand ranges as well as all the big brands and regional specialities. We believe in our food, and we know that our people are so very important in our success. Working for us, you’ll not be just a number; you’ll be part of an inspiring team where your views count.
Midlands West Depot is committed to providing the highest level of service to our customers. Customer Services Team have an opening for a Customer Service Advisor.
To have excellent communication skills, including active listening and effective questioning and negotiating techniques whilst maintaining a professional and friendly approach at all times.
To be competent and confident with IT, including Microsoft Office Suite.
To be resilient with an ability to multitask and work under pressure, whilst also paying attention to detail.

lowercased:
there’s every chance you’ll have eaten our food, so why not share our success and come and work for us? bidvest foodservice is a leading wholesale food distributor and the preferred supplier for over 60,000 customers across the uk, ranging from pubs to schools, from restaurants to care homes and everything in between.
from lands end to john o’groats, whether our customers want just a teaspoon or a full range of catering supplies, we’ll supply their needs. we work as a team to provide every food option from quality ingredients to finished meals, including a number of own brand ranges as well as all the big brands and regional specialities. we believe in our food, and we know that our people are so very important in our success. working for us, you’ll not be just a number; you’ll be part of an inspiring team where your views count.
midlands west depot is committed to providing the highest level of service to our customers. customer services team have an opening for a customer service advisor.
to have excellent communication skills, including active listening and effective questioning and negotiating techniques whilst maintaining a professional and friendly approach at all times.
to be competent and confident with it, including microsoft office suite.
to be resilient with an ability to multitask and work under pressure, whilst also paying attention to detail.


text:
¿Existen manuales para los empleados de las empresas?
© Copyright 2019 Asesoria Laboral. All Rights Reserved. Blossom Coach by Blossom Themes. Powered by WordPress.

lowercased:
¿existen manuales para los empleados de las empresas?
© copyright 2019 asesoria laboral. all rights reserved. blossom coach by blossom themes. powered by wordpress.


text: Citation Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Country, 2014. LACM vertebrate collection. Accessed 7/25/2014 http://www.gbif.org/dataset/.

lowercased: citation natural history museum of los angeles country, 2014. lacm vertebrate collection. accessed 7/25/2014 http://www.gbif.org/dataset/.


text:
It’s been some time since I posted anything here, and meantime winter’s icy grasp has descended. I’ve been busy, nevertheless, with cemetery business, mainly trying to get to grips with Facebook so that I can let interested people know when tours are on and to share snippets of information.
I’ve also been to Auckland and met with the Friends of Waikumete Cemetery, and The Friends of Symonds Street Cemetery, and had a quick tour of both sites. Equally fascinating places, and totally different from each other.
This morning I wandered around an area in Karori Cemetery that has recently been mown and tidied after being seriously overgrown for some time. I hadn’t ventured to this area for a long time, and had forgotten some of the interesting graves it contains. Although I don’t normally post photos which reveal the name of those interred I’m making an exception on this occasion in order to show the full extent of this wonderful bit of monumental carving. I have no idea whether the occupant had any descendants – none of the obituaries about him refer to a wife or children.
In memory of Sir David E. Hutchins, K.B., F.R.G.S., I.F.S.
Aged 70 years, whilst preparing a report on New Zealand forests.
An acknowledgement of the important services rendered by him to Empire forestry.

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it’s been some time since i posted anything here, and meantime winter’s icy grasp has descended. i’ve been busy, nevertheless, with cemetery business, mainly trying to get to grips with facebook so that i can let interested people know when tours are on and to share snippets of information.
i’ve also been to auckland and met with the friends of waikumete cemetery, and the friends of symonds street cemetery, and had a quick tour of both sites. equally fascinating places, and totally different from each other.
this morning i wandered around an area in karori cemetery that has recently been mown and tidied after being seriously overgrown for some time. i hadn’t ventured to this area for a long time, and had forgotten some of the interesting graves it contains. although i don’t normally post photos which reveal the name of those interred i’m making an exception on this occasion in order to show the full extent of this wonderful bit of monumental carving. i have no idea whether the occupant had any descendants – none of the obituaries about him refer to a wife or children.
in memory of sir david e. hutchins, k.b., f.r.g.s., i.f.s.
aged 70 years, whilst preparing a report on new zealand forests.
an acknowledgement of the important services rendered by him to empire forestry.


text:
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of Education today announced new rules for career-college programs to help protect students from being burdened with massive debts and help ensure they succeed after graduation.
Under the new regulations set to go into effect next summer, these for-profit career colleges would have to limit how much debt their students carry in relation to their yearly earnings after they graduate, or the schools risk having their federal student aid cut. However, the rules only hold schools accountable for the debt levels of students who graduate – not those who drop out of the programs.

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washington — the u.s. department of education today announced new rules for career-college programs to help protect students from being burdened with massive debts and help ensure they succeed after graduation.
under the new regulations set to go into effect next summer, these for-profit career colleges would have to limit how much debt their students carry in relation to their yearly earnings after they graduate, or the schools risk having their federal student aid cut. however, the rules only hold schools accountable for the debt levels of students who graduate – not those who drop out of the programs.


text:
Sumadhura Group, one of South India’s leading Bengaluru based realty majors, today announced the launch of its iconic premium residential project ‘Sumadhura Nandanam’ in Hoodi Junction, Whitefield, Bengaluru. This high-rise luxury project is spread across 2.6 acres with 80% open spaces, offering 250 units with 2, 2.5 and 3 BHK configurations. This comes at the back of their recent launch of a project Sumadhura Eden Garden, spread across 14 acres in Whitefield.
This luxurious gated community in Whitefield is strategically located close to top-rated educational institutions, healthcare facilities, major retails, five-star hotels, premium restaurants and entertainment destinations, which places its residents at the very center of action. Connectivity options from Sumadhura Nandanam are abundant, with metro station at Hoodi which will soon be functional, one can travel from Hoodi to Byappanahalli in minutes. Also, easy access to Outer Ring Road extending all the way from the Silk Board Junction to Hebbal, and linking Electronic City to Whitefield.
“Our unique customer centric business model has a proven track record of innovation and quality, and also has been instrumental in the group’s rapid growth. While we have made significant inroads across Bengaluru and Hyderabad over the last two decades having completed over 30 residential projects, we are now entering into commercial office segment with a one million sft grade A plus office space in Whitefield, Bengaluru being planned,” he further added.
Sumadhura Nandanam offers clean, green, quiet environment with aesthetic structures, vastu compliant floor plans, well-ventilated internal spaces and enduring construction quality. It houses a mega Clubhouse providing a plethora of sports activities and a state-of-the-art gymnasium. There is a premium lounge pool with vanishing edges and toddler’s pool for kids.
The Sumadhura Nandanam homes come with many global luxury brands such as Grohe, TOTO, V-Guard, Havells, Schindler, Asian Paints and LG Hausys uPVC Doors & Windows. One could take a therapeutic walk in the beautifully-landscaped aroma gardens and soothe the senses in all-encompassing greenery throughout the project. This premium project also features a festival plaza, a mini football court, open lawn, elders’ court, a dedicated jogging path, water feature with sculptures, children’s play area, cricket practice nets, yoga/aerobics room along with multi-purpose court. Inhabitants could also spend leisure hours playing table tennis, chess, carrom, air hockey, foosball.

lowercased:
sumadhura group, one of south india’s leading bengaluru based realty majors, today announced the launch of its iconic premium residential project ‘sumadhura nandanam’ in hoodi junction, whitefield, bengaluru. this high-rise luxury project is spread across 2.6 acres with 80% open spaces, offering 250 units with 2, 2.5 and 3 bhk configurations. this comes at the back of their recent launch of a project sumadhura eden garden, spread across 14 acres in whitefield.
this luxurious gated community in whitefield is strategically located close to top-rated educational institutions, healthcare facilities, major retails, five-star hotels, premium restaurants and entertainment destinations, which places its residents at the very center of action. connectivity options from sumadhura nandanam are abundant, with metro station at hoodi which will soon be functional, one can travel from hoodi to byappanahalli in minutes. also, easy access to outer ring road extending all the way from the silk board junction to hebbal, and linking electronic city to whitefield.
“our unique customer centric business model has a proven track record of innovation and quality, and also has been instrumental in the group’s rapid growth. while we have made significant inroads across bengaluru and hyderabad over the last two decades having completed over 30 residential projects, we are now entering into commercial office segment with a one million sft grade a plus office space in whitefield, bengaluru being planned,” he further added.
sumadhura nandanam offers clean, green, quiet environment with aesthetic structures, vastu compliant floor plans, well-ventilated internal spaces and enduring construction quality. it houses a mega clubhouse providing a plethora of sports activities and a state-of-the-art gymnasium. there is a premium lounge pool with vanishing edges and toddler’s pool for kids.
the sumadhura nandanam homes come with many global luxury brands such as grohe, toto, v-guard, havells, schindler, asian paints and lg hausys upvc doors & windows. one could take a therapeutic walk in the beautifully-landscaped aroma gardens and soothe the senses in all-encompassing greenery throughout the project. this premium project also features a festival plaza, a mini football court, open lawn, elders’ court, a dedicated jogging path, water feature with sculptures, children’s play area, cricket practice nets, yoga/aerobics room along with multi-purpose court. inhabitants could also spend leisure hours playing table tennis, chess, carrom, air hockey, foosball.


text:
HAILEY, Idaho (KLIX) – The Blaine County Sheriff’s Office said it has received a number of reports of mountain lion sightings in the Wood River Valley.
The sheriff's office said in a social media post that some locations where the big cats have been reported seen include near several neighborhoods.
They include Gimlet and Warm Springs in northern Ketchum; Elkhorn, Northstar Meadows, North Hiawatha Drive off Buttercup Road in Hailey; and Griffin Ranch, Chantrelle Subdivision and Broadford Road in Bellevue, according to the sheriff's office.
Please remember Mountain Lions live near the cities year-round and it is normal behavior for them to travel looking for deer and other food sources, especially in the winter. Mountain lions are most active from dusk until dawn and will attack or kill domestic animals.
The best thing you can do is to remain alert. Keep small children, cats, dogs and other pets inside if possible. Do not feed pets outside during the winter and when your pets need to go outside, you may want to accompany them during the nighttime hours. Watch your animals for unusual behavior, which may alert you that wildlife could be nearby.
The Idaho Department of Fish and Game said a 6- or 7-year-old mountain lion was euthanized this past weekend after it killed a dog in a Ketchum resident's backyard.
Authorities said if you see a mountain lion in a situation that could potentially be dangerous to you or others, report it to 911 immediately. You may also report sightings to Fish and Game’s Magic Valley Regional Office at 208-324-4359.

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hailey, idaho (klix) – the blaine county sheriff’s office said it has received a number of reports of mountain lion sightings in the wood river valley.
the sheriff's office said in a social media post that some locations where the big cats have been reported seen include near several neighborhoods.
they include gimlet and warm springs in northern ketchum; elkhorn, northstar meadows, north hiawatha drive off buttercup road in hailey; and griffin ranch, chantrelle subdivision and broadford road in bellevue, according to the sheriff's office.
please remember mountain lions live near the cities year-round and it is normal behavior for them to travel looking for deer and other food sources, especially in the winter. mountain lions are most active from dusk until dawn and will attack or kill domestic animals.
the best thing you can do is to remain alert. keep small children, cats, dogs and other pets inside if possible. do not feed pets outside during the winter and when your pets need to go outside, you may want to accompany them during the nighttime hours. watch your animals for unusual behavior, which may alert you that wildlife could be nearby.
the idaho department of fish and game said a 6- or 7-year-old mountain lion was euthanized this past weekend after it killed a dog in a ketchum resident's backyard.
authorities said if you see a mountain lion in a situation that could potentially be dangerous to you or others, report it to 911 immediately. you may also report sightings to fish and game’s magic valley regional office at 208-324-4359.


text: WOMENS SIZE: US 9.5 - COLOR: SPRUCE. Suede fringing and smooth rivets bring plenty of style and a touch of sass to this Classic reboot. A plush wool interior keeps feet warm and dry whether theyre strolling streets or exploring the back roads. The item "UGG AUSTRALIA CINDY BOOTS, Womens US 9.5 Color SPRUCE, NIB" is in sale since Tuesday, November 6, 2018. This item is in the category "Clothing, Shoes & Accessories\Women's Shoes\Boots". The seller is "groovy_og" and is located in Oxnard, California. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, South africa, Thailand, Hong Kong, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Saudi arabia, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, El salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Antigua and barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Saint kitts and nevis, Saint lucia, Montserrat, Turks and caicos islands, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French guiana, Guadeloupe, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman islands, Sri lanka, Macao, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion.

lowercased: womens size: us 9.5 - color: spruce. suede fringing and smooth rivets bring plenty of style and a touch of sass to this classic reboot. a plush wool interior keeps feet warm and dry whether theyre strolling streets or exploring the back roads. the item "ugg australia cindy boots, womens us 9.5 color spruce, nib" is in sale since tuesday, november 6, 2018. this item is in the category "clothing, shoes & accessories\women's shoes\boots". the seller is "groovy_og" and is located in oxnard, california. this item can be shipped to united states, canada, australia, japan, south korea, indonesia, taiwan, south africa, thailand, hong kong, israel, mexico, new zealand, philippines, singapore, saudi arabia, united arab emirates, qatar, kuwait, bahrain, malaysia, brazil, chile, colombia, costa rica, dominican republic, panama, trinidad and tobago, guatemala, el salvador, honduras, jamaica, antigua and barbuda, aruba, belize, dominica, grenada, saint kitts and nevis, saint lucia, montserrat, turks and caicos islands, barbados, bangladesh, bermuda, brunei darussalam, bolivia, ecuador, egypt, french guiana, guadeloupe, jordan, cambodia, cayman islands, sri lanka, macao, martinique, maldives, nicaragua, oman, peru, pakistan, paraguay, reunion.


text:
The lipstick isn't too sheer, definitely medium coverage, but I was surprised by how sheer the lip gloss was. It's too bad, because if it applied the way it looks in the tube it would outright stunning! Layered over a lipstick though, it almost gets to that point and it's quite lovely.
I'm putting my review up for the Les Mauves palette soon, and it's really beautiful. In the same general family as Les Vins, but distinct enough that you can justify owning both.
Ii agree that if that lipgloss was as pigmented as it appears, it would be HOLY COW gorgeous! I love the lipstick shade as well - on YOU, however, as those kinds of shades look HORRID on me, unfortunately!

lowercased:
the lipstick isn't too sheer, definitely medium coverage, but i was surprised by how sheer the lip gloss was. it's too bad, because if it applied the way it looks in the tube it would outright stunning! layered over a lipstick though, it almost gets to that point and it's quite lovely.
i'm putting my review up for the les mauves palette soon, and it's really beautiful. in the same general family as les vins, but distinct enough that you can justify owning both.
ii agree that if that lipgloss was as pigmented as it appears, it would be holy cow gorgeous! i love the lipstick shade as well - on you, however, as those kinds of shades look horrid on me, unfortunately!


text:
Going local is the way to go for a stronger social campaign and higher engagements.
One of our Toyota dealer clients in the Rocky Mountains area was already one step ahead of their competitors when it came to social media. The business had a steady following but was looking to grow their audience without alienating their current base. To accomplish this objective, Search Optics leveraged the client’s relationships with both a regional fishing enthusiast company as well as a nearby higher education institution to develop social campaigns targeting the local community. This approach, full of rich, specific content that interested users in the area, attracted new followers while increasing engagements overall. Metrics improved across the board, from post reach to page impressions. By promoting local content, our client brought awareness to their own brand.
• Grow and maintain social audience.
• Took advantage of relationships with local celebrities and institutions to develop social campaigns with specific content to community from June – July 2014.
• Post reach increased from average of 38 to 157 people.
• Facebook fans increased by 80 from May to August, versus 47 from January to April.
• Impressions grew 122.7K from May to August, versus 74.9K from January to April.

lowercased:
going local is the way to go for a stronger social campaign and higher engagements.
one of our toyota dealer clients in the rocky mountains area was already one step ahead of their competitors when it came to social media. the business had a steady following but was looking to grow their audience without alienating their current base. to accomplish this objective, search optics leveraged the client’s relationships with both a regional fishing enthusiast company as well as a nearby higher education institution to develop social campaigns targeting the local community. this approach, full of rich, specific content that interested users in the area, attracted new followers while increasing engagements overall. metrics improved across the board, from post reach to page impressions. by promoting local content, our client brought awareness to their own brand.
• grow and maintain social audience.
• took advantage of relationships with local celebrities and institutions to develop social campaigns with specific content to community from june – july 2014.
• post reach increased from average of 38 to 157 people.
• facebook fans increased by 80 from may to august, versus 47 from january to april.
• impressions grew 122.7k from may to august, versus 74.9k from january to april.


text:
Discussion in 'For Sale or Trade' started by Shawn Hoefer, Mar 16, 2019.
Just like the title says. I would prefer the White Deity edition.
I thought you said you had that one? You make me feel like I'm nuts, sometimes.
I had one. More accurately, I have a non-functioning one, and want to replace it. I liked it, but I fear I allowed some juice to get to the board. First the button went mushy, then it quit working.
No way of drying it out? It looks easy enough to pull the front plate and investigate. You have nothing to lose.
Sorry. I suppose you already have the word out on ecf? I can check on elr.
I posted a WTB at ELR. If someone responds we'll work something out. Their Trade section is not as big as I thought it might be.

lowercased:
discussion in 'for sale or trade' started by shawn hoefer, mar 16, 2019.
just like the title says. i would prefer the white deity edition.
i thought you said you had that one? you make me feel like i'm nuts, sometimes.
i had one. more accurately, i have a non-functioning one, and want to replace it. i liked it, but i fear i allowed some juice to get to the board. first the button went mushy, then it quit working.
no way of drying it out? it looks easy enough to pull the front plate and investigate. you have nothing to lose.
sorry. i suppose you already have the word out on ecf? i can check on elr.
i posted a wtb at elr. if someone responds we'll work something out. their trade section is not as big as i thought it might be.