text:
Large banks have become synonymous with the words ‘scandal’, and ‘manipulation’ in recent years. Since the emergence of the Global Financial Crisis in 2007/08, several large banks were discovered to be committing large-scale malpractice, fraud or miss-selling of financial products — for the purpose of reducing costs and raising profits.
Since 2008, the activities for the UK’s five largest banks alone, have led to over £25 billion in fines levied upon them by various regulatory agencies around the world including the UK’s very own Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
The exact nature of the banks’ wrongdoing is wide-ranging and multifaceted which has led to an unprecedented level of intra-national co-operation between the worlds’ financial regulatory authorities such as the FCA, NFA, CFTC, ASIC, BoJ, FinMin and BaFin.
Please note this content is for informational purposes only and may not constitute as legal advice. The information provided here is based on online research. If any mistake has been made, please let us know over the comment section.
Duncan Lawrie has been hit by occasional instances where some individual accounts were hacked into. In addition, Duncan Lawrie has been known to provide personalised banking services to many people who had been engaged in LIBOR rate-fixing activities in the past. The bank has not been found to be directly involved or responsible for any of the actions that some of its members have engaged in though.
From the dozens of available asset classes available to investors, banks were found to be taking part in illegal activities in some more than others.
Client reporting, residential mortgages, loan securitisations and rate setting were the four areas banks were least compliant, according to regulators.
Regardless of the territory, there’s been a bank conducting some form of malfeasance there over the past decade — and the worrying thing — is that banks’ behaviour has not changed in any meaningful way to curb the level of market abuse and manipulation.
Banks have been embroiled in several market sectors when conducting their market abuse. Of the officially confirmed abuses, the following asset classes/markets were confirmed to have been severely impaired by banks’ behaviour.
All of the above asset classes have been used by banks to either reduce the level of operational cost(s) or to market-make markets in their favour for preferential pricing and fees. Here are the highlights of the past decades’ market abuses, as claimed by regulatory agencies.
Barclays and Citigroup were the hardest hit from a regulatory backlash perspective although both banks continue to operate thriving FX businesses to this day.
Additional information on the FCA fines and activity may be found on our FCA page.
The CFTC cites how “banks failed to adequately assess the risks associated with their FX traders participating in the fixing of certain FX benchmark rates and lacked adequate internal controls in order to prevent improper communications by traders.” The worst hit bank from the synchronised FX-rigging regulatory backlash in 2014 was UBS, reaping in excess of $800 million in fines.
The Swiss giant is the only bank to be fined by three separate regulators in three different countries in a single day.
FINMA found that over an extended period of time the bank’s employees in Zurich attempted to manipulate foreign exchange benchmarks. In addition, employees acted against the interests of their clients. For these indiscretions, FINMA fined UBS 134 million Swiss francs in confiscation of costs avoided and profits.
in individual cases engaged in deception regarding sales mark ups and excessive mark ups associated with an internal product of the bank.
Several large top-tier banks consequently beefed up their litigation war chests, although the nominal value of the fines levied remains disproportionally small compared to the market impact of their abusive market activities.
In recent announcements, top-tier banks such as UBS, Barclays, Deutsche, HSBC and Citigroup have all reported increases in their litigation allocations and have warned shareholders that litigation costs will remain elevated at best for the foreseeable future given the range of manipulation and malpractice cases that have hit the largest banks over the past five years.
Various banks have been penalised for mortgage market malpractices, interest rate derivative fixing and LIBOR manipulation, just a few examples of penalties applied in response to widespread impropriety found to be occurring at Tier 1 banks.
One of the biggest debacles during (and since) the GFC has been Mortgages — otherwise known as mortgage-backed securities (MBS).
Sometime after the GFC, it was discovered that prior to 2007, many of the world’s largest banks had been using sophisticated securitisation methods to package junk-level debt into AAA-rated securities comparable to US Treasuries.
This imbalance was rubber stamped by credit ratings agencies and the newly-created sub-prime ‘toxic’ assets were presented as clean, wholesome investments investors had little risk of losing their money on.
The reality was that these investments were in fact of low value, and when markets priced in the discounts, it was clear that hundreds of billions of dollars were in fact misspent/miss-invested which led to an inevitable rush for the exits and large-scale losses/drawdowns across the investment community.
Both Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley — stalwart names in the US banking industry — were forced to become deposit-taking institutions simply to remain solvent.
The major consequence of the sub-prime debt bubble was the GFC itself, because of the deep interconnected nature of modern markets. Iceland’s government was forced to default on many of its obligations because of the liabilities its domestic banks had racked up in league with US and UK counterparties.
Bank of America was forced to pay a record $16.7bn (£10bn) to settle allegations that it misled investors into buying toxic mortgage securities. The bank said the “claims relate primarily to conduct that occurred at Countrywide and Merrill Lynch” before it acquired them during the height of the financial crisis in 2008.
In February 2012, Citigroup was one of many banks that agreed to pay billions of dollars to settle charges brought by the US authorities over claims they used abusive methods to foreclose on homeowners hit by the bursting of the country’s property bubble. The agreement saw the banks pay $5bn directly to states in the form of cash fines, $17bn of debt written-off and a further $3bn in lower interest rates to homeowners.
JP Morgan also paid $5.29 billion under the February 2012 foreclosures settlement, while another US bank, Wells Fargo, paid $5.35 billion. In October 2013, JP Morgan reached a $13bn deal with US regulators to settle claims that it miss-sold bundles of toxic mortgage debt to investors in the build up to the financial crisis.
The largest single fine for any one bank in history — was the $1.9 billion fine levied on HSBC in 2012 for failing to comply with anti-money laundering regulations. HSBC paid almost $2 billion to settle allegations that its failure to enforce anti-money laundering rules left America’s financial system exposed to drug cartels.
Unconfirmed reports at the time suggested HSBC was actually aware and complicit in helping money sourced from international criminal activity to be funnelled through its network of banks across South America, Africa and Asia.
In yet another case of confirmed malpractice affecting thousands of clients, Barclays Bank was fined £37.75 million by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in 2014 for failing to properly protect clients’ custody assets worth £16.5 billion.
The FCA’s fine was the largest of its kind relating to custody assets.
According to the FCA investigation, clients risked “incurring extra costs, lengthy delays or losing their assets if Barclays had become insolvent,” spanning 95 custody accounts in 21 countries. The FCA identified “significant weaknesses” in how the bank carried out financial services in the ‘Barclays Investment Banking Division’ between November 2007 and January 2012 – a period of history dominated by the global financial crisis.
Appropriate management and real-time accounting of custody assets is often difficult due to liquidity availability and the complexity involved in managing a $16 billion of assets spread across multiple asset classes including property and fine art. The lack of price certainty for some assets was a factor in exacerbating the global financial crisis as market participants were unable to accurately see the true value of their portfolios.
Amidst fear, panic and market volatility many market participants preferred to sell at the first rate available which in turn fuelled a negative spiral of declining asset prices, more selling and more asset price declines. In 2008 and since, the FCA has communicated on multiple occasions its view of the importance of safeguarding client assets for the good of the bank itself, the wider banking industry and the British economy.
According to the FCA, Barclays did not accurately reflect ownership links within its Investment Banking Division and failed to establish legal agreements on many assets held there. In a further egg-on-face moment, Barclays was found to have claimed ownership rights to assets that actually belonged to clients.
As is often the case with brand damaging regulatory penalties, Barclays Bank opted for the FCA’s early-settlement option and qualified for a 30% discount on the fine, saving the bank over £15 million.
The full list of defendants in the case consists of major banking institutions: Bank of America; Barclays Bank; Citigroup Inc; Deutsche Bank; BNP Paribas; HSBC Holdings; Royal Bank of Scotland Group; Credit Suisse Group; UBS; Goldman Sachs; Nomura Holdings; Wells Fargo and JPMorgan Chase.
In revelations that have an eerie resemblance to the LIBOR fixing scandal, staff working for the 13 accused banks allegedly “communicated via private chat rooms” and “used digital communications to “submit identical quotes beginning at least in 2009”, according to an official statement from the AEPF.
Also included in the court case is ICAP Plc, a UK-based broker-dealer clearing over $1.3 trillion in daily transactions. It is alleged that ICAP helped facilitate the manipulation of ISDAfix rates given the company’s prominent and dominant position in clearing transactions in the interest-rate derivatives markets.
Recorded telephone calls and e-mails reviewed by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) show that traders at the thirteen banks instructed ICAP brokers to buy or sell as many interest-rate swaps as necessary to move ISDAfix to a predetermined level.
AEPF alleges that banks often kept rates artificially low, allowing them to generate substantial profits trading ‘swaptions’ – interest derivatives linked to ISDAfix rates.
Deutsche Bank was fined £5 million for misreporting CFD transactions for almost 5 years between November 2007 and April 2013. Mr. Kai Lew, a Director of Institutional FX at Deutsche, was suspended as part of a manipulation investigation in April 2014.
Libor, the London inter-bank lending rate, is considered to be one of the most important interest rates in finance, upon which trillions of financial contracts are based on.
The LIBOR scandal was the largest in terms of magnitude, and yet the effect on financial markets was felt the least because of its institutional effect.
LIBOR is generally used by financial intermediaries, for the purpose of setting short-term lending rates. Individuals borrowing money to buy a home would also use LIBOR but the impact on the homeowner is vastly smaller compared to an institution borrowing/lending capital on a daily basis.
Swiss bank Credit Suisse agreed to pay a $2.6bn fine in May 2014 over allegations that it helped some of its US clients avoid paying taxes.
In June 2014, BNP Paribas admitted to processing thousands of transactions through the US financial system on behalf of bodies in Iran, Cuba and Sudan, landing the French bank with an $8.9bn (£5.2bn) fine and leading to the departure of more than a dozen senior employees.
Have Banks learnt their lesson?
To date, not a single employee of any firm has been charged with a criminal offence relating to price fixing of any market, despite dozens of confirmed cases of market manipulation between multiple banks involving dozens of individuals.
The effectiveness of ratings agencies and regulators seems to be minimal despite growing powers to regulate and restrict abusive market activity, including large fines.
The regulators are either not effective enough or the bankers are too effective. Or in other words, either the regulators are not good enough at their jobs, or the banks are just too good at theirs for lawful business practise to predominate. Gargantuan banks and financial intermediaries remain largely unaccountable and beyond the reach of UK law when it comes to being penalised for wrongdoing, while their overall size and market dominance continue to grow year-on-year, in-line with investor expectations.
Prior to the 2008 banking crisis, UK banks were only lightly regulated. Since on a global scale only minor regulations were enforced on banks, the regulators worried that banks would simply move abroad if they were too harsh.
Like any other UK business, banks were subject to regulation by the OFT and the Competition Commission (now the Competition and Markets Authority). In addition, the Financial Services Authority (FSA), the Bank Of England, and the HM Treasury, all oversaw financial institutions.
In 2013, the system was revamped. The FSA was replaced by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), which is part of the Bank Of England, and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). In addition, the European Banking Authority (EBA) keeps track of the strength of UK and other European banks.
Money transfer scams are usually commissioned to law authorities rather than regulators.
PRA: Prudential regulation of +-1700 financial services institutions, in order to maintain stability.
FCA: The watchdog that ensures competition is maintained, and that the conduct of firms in the market meet legislative standards.
EBA: Conducts regular stress tests, to determine how banks would fare in potential crises.
UK banks have recently been subjected to “ring-fencing”, which forces banks to separate retail banking from riskier financial ventures. This is so that taxpayers don’t end up paying in the event of a collapse.
Ring-fencing requires both sectors (retail and investment) to hold equal importance, which many banks are finding onerous. Sir David Walker, the former chairman of Barclays, insists that ring-fencing regulations are redundant and uniquely British, which will force banks to relocate. Banks will spend an initial £200 million to implement the reforms, and £120 million on extra staff requirements.
The ring-fencing reforms themselves will cost banks billions of pounds to maintain.
Banks are regularly inspected by the FCA, and in the case of non-compliance, the FCA has the power to ban financial products for up to a year while considering an indefinite ban.
The regularity of inspections depends on how disastrous a firm’s failure would be.
P1 firms are firms whose failure would cause lasting damage to their clients and the marketplace. They are inspected once a year.
P2 firms are firms whose failure would cause significant damage which is, however, relatively easy to deal with. They are inspected once every two years.
P3 firms are firms whose failure would not cause much damage to clients or the market, and are only supervised on a reactive basis.
UK banks are allowed to accept international clients. However, there are stipulations attached. Many banks do not take on non-residents, because of the strict regulations. If the client is in the UK for over 6 months, it is far easier to set up a UK bank account. The client will be required to have extensive documentation, as the banks are wary of international scams.

lowercased:
large banks have become synonymous with the words ‘scandal’, and ‘manipulation’ in recent years. since the emergence of the global financial crisis in 2007/08, several large banks were discovered to be committing large-scale malpractice, fraud or miss-selling of financial products — for the purpose of reducing costs and raising profits.
since 2008, the activities for the uk’s five largest banks alone, have led to over £25 billion in fines levied upon them by various regulatory agencies around the world including the uk’s very own financial conduct authority (fca).
the exact nature of the banks’ wrongdoing is wide-ranging and multifaceted which has led to an unprecedented level of intra-national co-operation between the worlds’ financial regulatory authorities such as the fca, nfa, cftc, asic, boj, finmin and bafin.
please note this content is for informational purposes only and may not constitute as legal advice. the information provided here is based on online research. if any mistake has been made, please let us know over the comment section.
duncan lawrie has been hit by occasional instances where some individual accounts were hacked into. in addition, duncan lawrie has been known to provide personalised banking services to many people who had been engaged in libor rate-fixing activities in the past. the bank has not been found to be directly involved or responsible for any of the actions that some of its members have engaged in though.
from the dozens of available asset classes available to investors, banks were found to be taking part in illegal activities in some more than others.
client reporting, residential mortgages, loan securitisations and rate setting were the four areas banks were least compliant, according to regulators.
regardless of the territory, there’s been a bank conducting some form of malfeasance there over the past decade — and the worrying thing — is that banks’ behaviour has not changed in any meaningful way to curb the level of market abuse and manipulation.
banks have been embroiled in several market sectors when conducting their market abuse. of the officially confirmed abuses, the following asset classes/markets were confirmed to have been severely impaired by banks’ behaviour.
all of the above asset classes have been used by banks to either reduce the level of operational cost(s) or to market-make markets in their favour for preferential pricing and fees. here are the highlights of the past decades’ market abuses, as claimed by regulatory agencies.
barclays and citigroup were the hardest hit from a regulatory backlash perspective although both banks continue to operate thriving fx businesses to this day.
additional information on the fca fines and activity may be found on our fca page.
the cftc cites how “banks failed to adequately assess the risks associated with their fx traders participating in the fixing of certain fx benchmark rates and lacked adequate internal controls in order to prevent improper communications by traders.” the worst hit bank from the synchronised fx-rigging regulatory backlash in 2014 was ubs, reaping in excess of $800 million in fines.
the swiss giant is the only bank to be fined by three separate regulators in three different countries in a single day.
finma found that over an extended period of time the bank’s employees in zurich attempted to manipulate foreign exchange benchmarks. in addition, employees acted against the interests of their clients. for these indiscretions, finma fined ubs 134 million swiss francs in confiscation of costs avoided and profits.
in individual cases engaged in deception regarding sales mark ups and excessive mark ups associated with an internal product of the bank.
several large top-tier banks consequently beefed up their litigation war chests, although the nominal value of the fines levied remains disproportionally small compared to the market impact of their abusive market activities.
in recent announcements, top-tier banks such as ubs, barclays, deutsche, hsbc and citigroup have all reported increases in their litigation allocations and have warned shareholders that litigation costs will remain elevated at best for the foreseeable future given the range of manipulation and malpractice cases that have hit the largest banks over the past five years.
various banks have been penalised for mortgage market malpractices, interest rate derivative fixing and libor manipulation, just a few examples of penalties applied in response to widespread impropriety found to be occurring at tier 1 banks.
one of the biggest debacles during (and since) the gfc has been mortgages — otherwise known as mortgage-backed securities (mbs).
sometime after the gfc, it was discovered that prior to 2007, many of the world’s largest banks had been using sophisticated securitisation methods to package junk-level debt into aaa-rated securities comparable to us treasuries.
this imbalance was rubber stamped by credit ratings agencies and the newly-created sub-prime ‘toxic’ assets were presented as clean, wholesome investments investors had little risk of losing their money on.
the reality was that these investments were in fact of low value, and when markets priced in the discounts, it was clear that hundreds of billions of dollars were in fact misspent/miss-invested which led to an inevitable rush for the exits and large-scale losses/drawdowns across the investment community.
both goldman sachs and morgan stanley — stalwart names in the us banking industry — were forced to become deposit-taking institutions simply to remain solvent.
the major consequence of the sub-prime debt bubble was the gfc itself, because of the deep interconnected nature of modern markets. iceland’s government was forced to default on many of its obligations because of the liabilities its domestic banks had racked up in league with us and uk counterparties.
bank of america was forced to pay a record $16.7bn (£10bn) to settle allegations that it misled investors into buying toxic mortgage securities. the bank said the “claims relate primarily to conduct that occurred at countrywide and merrill lynch” before it acquired them during the height of the financial crisis in 2008.
in february 2012, citigroup was one of many banks that agreed to pay billions of dollars to settle charges brought by the us authorities over claims they used abusive methods to foreclose on homeowners hit by the bursting of the country’s property bubble. the agreement saw the banks pay $5bn directly to states in the form of cash fines, $17bn of debt written-off and a further $3bn in lower interest rates to homeowners.
jp morgan also paid $5.29 billion under the february 2012 foreclosures settlement, while another us bank, wells fargo, paid $5.35 billion. in october 2013, jp morgan reached a $13bn deal with us regulators to settle claims that it miss-sold bundles of toxic mortgage debt to investors in the build up to the financial crisis.
the largest single fine for any one bank in history — was the $1.9 billion fine levied on hsbc in 2012 for failing to comply with anti-money laundering regulations. hsbc paid almost $2 billion to settle allegations that its failure to enforce anti-money laundering rules left america’s financial system exposed to drug cartels.
unconfirmed reports at the time suggested hsbc was actually aware and complicit in helping money sourced from international criminal activity to be funnelled through its network of banks across south america, africa and asia.
in yet another case of confirmed malpractice affecting thousands of clients, barclays bank was fined £37.75 million by the financial conduct authority (fca) in 2014 for failing to properly protect clients’ custody assets worth £16.5 billion.
the fca’s fine was the largest of its kind relating to custody assets.
according to the fca investigation, clients risked “incurring extra costs, lengthy delays or losing their assets if barclays had become insolvent,” spanning 95 custody accounts in 21 countries. the fca identified “significant weaknesses” in how the bank carried out financial services in the ‘barclays investment banking division’ between november 2007 and january 2012 – a period of history dominated by the global financial crisis.
appropriate management and real-time accounting of custody assets is often difficult due to liquidity availability and the complexity involved in managing a $16 billion of assets spread across multiple asset classes including property and fine art. the lack of price certainty for some assets was a factor in exacerbating the global financial crisis as market participants were unable to accurately see the true value of their portfolios.
amidst fear, panic and market volatility many market participants preferred to sell at the first rate available which in turn fuelled a negative spiral of declining asset prices, more selling and more asset price declines. in 2008 and since, the fca has communicated on multiple occasions its view of the importance of safeguarding client assets for the good of the bank itself, the wider banking industry and the british economy.
according to the fca, barclays did not accurately reflect ownership links within its investment banking division and failed to establish legal agreements on many assets held there. in a further egg-on-face moment, barclays was found to have claimed ownership rights to assets that actually belonged to clients.
as is often the case with brand damaging regulatory penalties, barclays bank opted for the fca’s early-settlement option and qualified for a 30% discount on the fine, saving the bank over £15 million.
the full list of defendants in the case consists of major banking institutions: bank of america; barclays bank; citigroup inc; deutsche bank; bnp paribas; hsbc holdings; royal bank of scotland group; credit suisse group; ubs; goldman sachs; nomura holdings; wells fargo and jpmorgan chase.
in revelations that have an eerie resemblance to the libor fixing scandal, staff working for the 13 accused banks allegedly “communicated via private chat rooms” and “used digital communications to “submit identical quotes beginning at least in 2009”, according to an official statement from the aepf.
also included in the court case is icap plc, a uk-based broker-dealer clearing over $1.3 trillion in daily transactions. it is alleged that icap helped facilitate the manipulation of isdafix rates given the company’s prominent and dominant position in clearing transactions in the interest-rate derivatives markets.
recorded telephone calls and e-mails reviewed by the commodity futures trading commission (cftc) show that traders at the thirteen banks instructed icap brokers to buy or sell as many interest-rate swaps as necessary to move isdafix to a predetermined level.
aepf alleges that banks often kept rates artificially low, allowing them to generate substantial profits trading ‘swaptions’ – interest derivatives linked to isdafix rates.
deutsche bank was fined £5 million for misreporting cfd transactions for almost 5 years between november 2007 and april 2013. mr. kai lew, a director of institutional fx at deutsche, was suspended as part of a manipulation investigation in april 2014.
libor, the london inter-bank lending rate, is considered to be one of the most important interest rates in finance, upon which trillions of financial contracts are based on.
the libor scandal was the largest in terms of magnitude, and yet the effect on financial markets was felt the least because of its institutional effect.
libor is generally used by financial intermediaries, for the purpose of setting short-term lending rates. individuals borrowing money to buy a home would also use libor but the impact on the homeowner is vastly smaller compared to an institution borrowing/lending capital on a daily basis.
swiss bank credit suisse agreed to pay a $2.6bn fine in may 2014 over allegations that it helped some of its us clients avoid paying taxes.
in june 2014, bnp paribas admitted to processing thousands of transactions through the us financial system on behalf of bodies in iran, cuba and sudan, landing the french bank with an $8.9bn (£5.2bn) fine and leading to the departure of more than a dozen senior employees.
have banks learnt their lesson?
to date, not a single employee of any firm has been charged with a criminal offence relating to price fixing of any market, despite dozens of confirmed cases of market manipulation between multiple banks involving dozens of individuals.
the effectiveness of ratings agencies and regulators seems to be minimal despite growing powers to regulate and restrict abusive market activity, including large fines.
the regulators are either not effective enough or the bankers are too effective. or in other words, either the regulators are not good enough at their jobs, or the banks are just too good at theirs for lawful business practise to predominate. gargantuan banks and financial intermediaries remain largely unaccountable and beyond the reach of uk law when it comes to being penalised for wrongdoing, while their overall size and market dominance continue to grow year-on-year, in-line with investor expectations.
prior to the 2008 banking crisis, uk banks were only lightly regulated. since on a global scale only minor regulations were enforced on banks, the regulators worried that banks would simply move abroad if they were too harsh.
like any other uk business, banks were subject to regulation by the oft and the competition commission (now the competition and markets authority). in addition, the financial services authority (fsa), the bank of england, and the hm treasury, all oversaw financial institutions.
in 2013, the system was revamped. the fsa was replaced by the prudential regulation authority (pra), which is part of the bank of england, and the financial conduct authority (fca). in addition, the european banking authority (eba) keeps track of the strength of uk and other european banks.
money transfer scams are usually commissioned to law authorities rather than regulators.
pra: prudential regulation of +-1700 financial services institutions, in order to maintain stability.
fca: the watchdog that ensures competition is maintained, and that the conduct of firms in the market meet legislative standards.
eba: conducts regular stress tests, to determine how banks would fare in potential crises.
uk banks have recently been subjected to “ring-fencing”, which forces banks to separate retail banking from riskier financial ventures. this is so that taxpayers don’t end up paying in the event of a collapse.
ring-fencing requires both sectors (retail and investment) to hold equal importance, which many banks are finding onerous. sir david walker, the former chairman of barclays, insists that ring-fencing regulations are redundant and uniquely british, which will force banks to relocate. banks will spend an initial £200 million to implement the reforms, and £120 million on extra staff requirements.
the ring-fencing reforms themselves will cost banks billions of pounds to maintain.
banks are regularly inspected by the fca, and in the case of non-compliance, the fca has the power to ban financial products for up to a year while considering an indefinite ban.
the regularity of inspections depends on how disastrous a firm’s failure would be.
p1 firms are firms whose failure would cause lasting damage to their clients and the marketplace. they are inspected once a year.
p2 firms are firms whose failure would cause significant damage which is, however, relatively easy to deal with. they are inspected once every two years.
p3 firms are firms whose failure would not cause much damage to clients or the market, and are only supervised on a reactive basis.
uk banks are allowed to accept international clients. however, there are stipulations attached. many banks do not take on non-residents, because of the strict regulations. if the client is in the uk for over 6 months, it is far easier to set up a uk bank account. the client will be required to have extensive documentation, as the banks are wary of international scams.


text:
I've never seen a cat sleep stretched out and crooked like she does. She is such a weird little kitty. We suspect she is part dog.
My cats lOVE your cat and would love for you to join us for Wordless Wednesday & Friendship Friday!

lowercased:
i've never seen a cat sleep stretched out and crooked like she does. she is such a weird little kitty. we suspect she is part dog.
my cats love your cat and would love for you to join us for wordless wednesday & friendship friday!


text:
Today, most data warehouses already store the history of the data. But what about events that took place at a different time than what the data warehouse represents to us? Or data that will be valid in the future? For example, generally planned prices for products and goods in the future or special prices for discount battles around “Black Friday”.
The speaker will focus in this session on the method and techniques for storing bitemporal data in a Data Warehouse. He will show bitemporal basics for a better understanding of loading data as well as the concepts to develop SQL Queries to insert and update temporal data within a Data Warehouse.

lowercased:
today, most data warehouses already store the history of the data. but what about events that took place at a different time than what the data warehouse represents to us? or data that will be valid in the future? for example, generally planned prices for products and goods in the future or special prices for discount battles around “black friday”.
the speaker will focus in this session on the method and techniques for storing bitemporal data in a data warehouse. he will show bitemporal basics for a better understanding of loading data as well as the concepts to develop sql queries to insert and update temporal data within a data warehouse.


text:
Taipoly earthing rod is made from high tensile – low carbon steel with molecularly bond by 99.99% pure electrolytic copper jacket. Both ends are threaded and cold rolled to give added strength and driving ease.
The choice of materials used to manufacture a earthing rod will determine the life and performance of the grounding system. The materials which TAIPOLY utilizes will provide rugged mechanical strength, high conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance.
Rugged mechanical strength is one of the most important features of an earthing rod for easy driving into hard solid ground with minimum effort and rod damage.
TAIPOLY earthing rod is made from high tensile – low carbon grade steel code.
Electroplated with 99.99% pure electrolytic copper.
No cracks will observe when the copper electroplated steel rod are permanently bend through a 30o angle.
Tested to the UL Standard – UL 467:1984 – Standard for grounding & bonding equipment.

lowercased:
taipoly earthing rod is made from high tensile – low carbon steel with molecularly bond by 99.99% pure electrolytic copper jacket. both ends are threaded and cold rolled to give added strength and driving ease.
the choice of materials used to manufacture a earthing rod will determine the life and performance of the grounding system. the materials which taipoly utilizes will provide rugged mechanical strength, high conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance.
rugged mechanical strength is one of the most important features of an earthing rod for easy driving into hard solid ground with minimum effort and rod damage.
taipoly earthing rod is made from high tensile – low carbon grade steel code.
electroplated with 99.99% pure electrolytic copper.
no cracks will observe when the copper electroplated steel rod are permanently bend through a 30o angle.
tested to the ul standard – ul 467:1984 – standard for grounding & bonding equipment.


text:
It happened again on my post-Thanksgiving flight back to Minneapolis -- the person next to me asked what kind of work I do, and when I said I was a motivational speaker and trainer she asked, "What's your topic?" So I explained that I remind people about ways to deal with times of change, challenge and conflict by engaging a good attitude and making good choices so that at the end of the day you feel content, not regret. And I was not ready for her response, because she launched into how she sure could have used that earlier, and started complaining about the storm-related hassles on her pre-Thanksgiving flight, how she'd been asked to organize the office holiday party, and her ungrateful kids & husband who never like what she gets them, and then -- how bad she felt about how she'd responded in each situation ... As I listened to her go on and on, I realized that the December e-Newz might be a good time to remind us all of ways to resist the stress that can spoil an otherwise special holiday season which just recently began.
So here's the reminder: Don't leave Gratitude on the Thanksgiving table!
And here's the WIIFM: People who practice an "Attitude of Gratitude" are happier.
Daily: List 3 specific things you are grateful for.
Minimize negative triggers (complainers/"awfulizers," & situations that make you feel burdened, not blessed).
Stop blaming others; this shifts focus to someone else rather than what YOU can do about the situation.
Even if you have to: Fake it! Just faking gratitude starts the process that guides your thoughts & feelings.
Help someone less fortunate, to remind yourself things could be worse.
Kwanzaa (African-American) Dec 26-Jan 1.
THANKS, LOVE, PEACE, HOPE and JOY too!
(Here's another article with reminders to help make your holidays feel a little brighter: www.kimratz.com/holidaytips.html).
I specialize in helping people create more harmony in their own life, and in their relationships with others. It's about being Congruent and making good Choices -- by aligning your Attitudes, Aptitudes & Actions -- so that at days end you feel content with your choices, and not regret. This content is applied to outcomes including: Personal Excellence, Communication & Relationship Skills, Teamwork, Customer Service & Leadership. I do this through keynotes and workshops that inspire hope, help people improve their skills to cope with change, challenge and conflict, and original music, stories and humor to induce some fun along the way.
call me so we can discuss what you need, and how I can help!
Powered by Hostway.com. All rights reserved 2013.

lowercased:
it happened again on my post-thanksgiving flight back to minneapolis -- the person next to me asked what kind of work i do, and when i said i was a motivational speaker and trainer she asked, "what's your topic?" so i explained that i remind people about ways to deal with times of change, challenge and conflict by engaging a good attitude and making good choices so that at the end of the day you feel content, not regret. and i was not ready for her response, because she launched into how she sure could have used that earlier, and started complaining about the storm-related hassles on her pre-thanksgiving flight, how she'd been asked to organize the office holiday party, and her ungrateful kids & husband who never like what she gets them, and then -- how bad she felt about how she'd responded in each situation ... as i listened to her go on and on, i realized that the december e-newz might be a good time to remind us all of ways to resist the stress that can spoil an otherwise special holiday season which just recently began.
so here's the reminder: don't leave gratitude on the thanksgiving table!
and here's the wiifm: people who practice an "attitude of gratitude" are happier.
daily: list 3 specific things you are grateful for.
minimize negative triggers (complainers/"awfulizers," & situations that make you feel burdened, not blessed).
stop blaming others; this shifts focus to someone else rather than what you can do about the situation.
even if you have to: fake it! just faking gratitude starts the process that guides your thoughts & feelings.
help someone less fortunate, to remind yourself things could be worse.
kwanzaa (african-american) dec 26-jan 1.
thanks, love, peace, hope and joy too!
(here's another article with reminders to help make your holidays feel a little brighter: www.kimratz.com/holidaytips.html).
i specialize in helping people create more harmony in their own life, and in their relationships with others. it's about being congruent and making good choices -- by aligning your attitudes, aptitudes & actions -- so that at days end you feel content with your choices, and not regret. this content is applied to outcomes including: personal excellence, communication & relationship skills, teamwork, customer service & leadership. i do this through keynotes and workshops that inspire hope, help people improve their skills to cope with change, challenge and conflict, and original music, stories and humor to induce some fun along the way.
call me so we can discuss what you need, and how i can help!
powered by hostway.com. all rights reserved 2013.


text: Mark grew up on the East Coast and has been riding since age 10. He trained with, and then worked with, some of the best in the business before moving to California 16 years ago. Today you can find him in the Upper Ring at Far West training and instructing the next champion horses and riders, or at the show grounds with his trusty lab, Buddy, by his side.

lowercased: mark grew up on the east coast and has been riding since age 10. he trained with, and then worked with, some of the best in the business before moving to california 16 years ago. today you can find him in the upper ring at far west training and instructing the next champion horses and riders, or at the show grounds with his trusty lab, buddy, by his side.


text:
B&S have established an excellent reputation in the Asian market. With over 15 configurations available, we have yet to come across a kitchen we couldn't cater for.
The B&S story started with manufacturing fast food fryers over 50 years ago. With the industry growing and technology advancing B&S continues to offer competitive fast food kitchen products. Next time you need a fast food fryer make sure you consider B&S.
Whilst B&S have over 35 standard units in their product range, some kitchens are unique and require specific products to be made to meet expectations. B&S ability to manufacture custom, made-to-order products is one of their strengths. From designing and building four hole woks with built in sauce holders to building steamers with wok cookers, B&S agility, knowledge and expertise means there is no kitchen they can't find a solution for.

lowercased:
b&s have established an excellent reputation in the asian market. with over 15 configurations available, we have yet to come across a kitchen we couldn't cater for.
the b&s story started with manufacturing fast food fryers over 50 years ago. with the industry growing and technology advancing b&s continues to offer competitive fast food kitchen products. next time you need a fast food fryer make sure you consider b&s.
whilst b&s have over 35 standard units in their product range, some kitchens are unique and require specific products to be made to meet expectations. b&s ability to manufacture custom, made-to-order products is one of their strengths. from designing and building four hole woks with built in sauce holders to building steamers with wok cookers, b&s agility, knowledge and expertise means there is no kitchen they can't find a solution for.


text:
FLYTEFOAM® midsole techonology- Our FlyteFoam technology provides exceptional bounce back and responsiveness no matter the distance, utilizing organic super fibers to help reduce packing out that traditionally happens with softer, low density foams.
REARFOOT GEL® technology cushioning system- Attenuates shock during impact phase and allows for a smooth transition to midstance.
Removable sockliner- A sockliner which can be removed to accommodate a medical orthotic.
ORTHOLITE® X-40 SOCKLINER- This premium sockliner features higher rebound properties while providing excellent moisture management and a high-level of breathability.
SPEVAFOAM™ 45 LASTING- Employs 45 degree full length SpevaFoam™ 45 lasting material for a soft platform feel and improved comfort.

lowercased:
flytefoam® midsole techonology- our flytefoam technology provides exceptional bounce back and responsiveness no matter the distance, utilizing organic super fibers to help reduce packing out that traditionally happens with softer, low density foams.
rearfoot gel® technology cushioning system- attenuates shock during impact phase and allows for a smooth transition to midstance.
removable sockliner- a sockliner which can be removed to accommodate a medical orthotic.
ortholite® x-40 sockliner- this premium sockliner features higher rebound properties while providing excellent moisture management and a high-level of breathability.
spevafoam™ 45 lasting- employs 45 degree full length spevafoam™ 45 lasting material for a soft platform feel and improved comfort.


text:
Brothers and Sisters, I would like to thank everyone that took time to attend a unit meeting this month. There is a lot going on with Oncor Electric Delivery. IBEW Local 69 is supporting the acquisition of Oncor Electric Delivery by Berkshire Hathaway. The parties will await the bankruptcy judge’s decision on how the deal will proceed. Also, Oncor announced a plan to swap assets with Sharyland Utilities in a transaction valued at approximately $400 million. The transaction is subject to approval by the Public Utility Commission of Texas. When approved by regulators, Sharyland will receive approximately 258 miles of 345 kv transmission lines from Oncor, and Oncor will receive all of Sharyland’s distribution network and retail delivery customers, totaling around 54,000 customers. I understand about 130 Sharyland employees will receive offers of employment to join the Oncor team. Let’s hope they are not in management because, we have plenty of chiefs - we need more Linemen.
The happiest people in Texas are the Sharyland customers. The customers at Sharyland moving over to become Oncor customers will realize a significant rate relief, resulting in lower electric bills. Oncor and Sharyland will file a joint change-in-control filing with the PUCT. When approved, the transaction will be complete before the end of the year.
The Company is in the process of offering a contract extension to IBEW Local 69 members. At this time we have not received an offer in writing. At the unit meetings we discussed whether a one year contract extension or a two year extension would be in our best interest. We have one more week of unit meetings at the time this article is written, stay tuned for updates.
Local 69 and WFAA-TV will enter into negotiations on August 1st for wages only. After we have a solid offer from the station we will inform the membership and schedule a ratification vote at the station. You all know how hot it is. Don’t get too hot and drink plenty of water.
There will be a Steward Training Class on Saturday, August 19, 2017, at 9:00 a.m. at Local 20’s Hall. Local 20 is located at: 684 W Tarrant Rd., Grand Prairie, Texas, 75050. IBEW representatives will conduct the Steward Training. If interested please send an email to our local at ibewloc69@aol.com. There will be members from Locals 20, 66, 69 and 220 attending the training.
Posted on August 7, 2017 by Teresa Reed.

lowercased:
brothers and sisters, i would like to thank everyone that took time to attend a unit meeting this month. there is a lot going on with oncor electric delivery. ibew local 69 is supporting the acquisition of oncor electric delivery by berkshire hathaway. the parties will await the bankruptcy judge’s decision on how the deal will proceed. also, oncor announced a plan to swap assets with sharyland utilities in a transaction valued at approximately $400 million. the transaction is subject to approval by the public utility commission of texas. when approved by regulators, sharyland will receive approximately 258 miles of 345 kv transmission lines from oncor, and oncor will receive all of sharyland’s distribution network and retail delivery customers, totaling around 54,000 customers. i understand about 130 sharyland employees will receive offers of employment to join the oncor team. let’s hope they are not in management because, we have plenty of chiefs - we need more linemen.
the happiest people in texas are the sharyland customers. the customers at sharyland moving over to become oncor customers will realize a significant rate relief, resulting in lower electric bills. oncor and sharyland will file a joint change-in-control filing with the puct. when approved, the transaction will be complete before the end of the year.
the company is in the process of offering a contract extension to ibew local 69 members. at this time we have not received an offer in writing. at the unit meetings we discussed whether a one year contract extension or a two year extension would be in our best interest. we have one more week of unit meetings at the time this article is written, stay tuned for updates.
local 69 and wfaa-tv will enter into negotiations on august 1st for wages only. after we have a solid offer from the station we will inform the membership and schedule a ratification vote at the station. you all know how hot it is. don’t get too hot and drink plenty of water.
there will be a steward training class on saturday, august 19, 2017, at 9:00 a.m. at local 20’s hall. local 20 is located at: 684 w tarrant rd., grand prairie, texas, 75050. ibew representatives will conduct the steward training. if interested please send an email to our local at ibewloc69@aol.com. there will be members from locals 20, 66, 69 and 220 attending the training.
posted on august 7, 2017 by teresa reed.


text:
Kirk Herbstreit knows football, and the ESPN analyst knows what's good, too: Herbie picked a Tuscaloosa restaurant as his fave in this year's annual "Herbie Awards."
Herbstreit is almost always on the road as part of the ESPN crew, so he's had ample opportunities to visit restaurants across the nation. He's been to all the great college towns, so it's no surprise that the City of Champions is home to Herbie's favorite restaurant.
So what is Kirk Herbstreit's favorite restaurant?
It's FIVE. The Downtown Tuscaloosa restaurant is known for their carefully selected offerings: each day the menu features five entrees, five appetizers, five wines, and five happy hour specials. The food is delicious, and the restaurant has an ambiance that can't be beat--it's no wonder FIVE is a cut above to Herbstreit.
Kudos to Herbie for honoring a Tuscaloosa restaurant this year; his pick is almost awesome enough for us to forgive him for projecting the Clemson Tigers to win the Natty this year.

lowercased:
kirk herbstreit knows football, and the espn analyst knows what's good, too: herbie picked a tuscaloosa restaurant as his fave in this year's annual "herbie awards."
herbstreit is almost always on the road as part of the espn crew, so he's had ample opportunities to visit restaurants across the nation. he's been to all the great college towns, so it's no surprise that the city of champions is home to herbie's favorite restaurant.
so what is kirk herbstreit's favorite restaurant?
it's five. the downtown tuscaloosa restaurant is known for their carefully selected offerings: each day the menu features five entrees, five appetizers, five wines, and five happy hour specials. the food is delicious, and the restaurant has an ambiance that can't be beat--it's no wonder five is a cut above to herbstreit.
kudos to herbie for honoring a tuscaloosa restaurant this year; his pick is almost awesome enough for us to forgive him for projecting the clemson tigers to win the natty this year.


text:
It is a replacement glass tube with capacity of 2ml for Reux Mini. You can replace old or broken tube with it. Get it as a spare part.
The WISMEC Pyrex Glass Tube is designed for the Reux Mini Atomizer. You can replace the old or broken tube freely with this one - perfect. Get it as a spare part just incase!
• It is for WISMEC Reux Mini.
The seller is honest, the order did not receive but the money returned without questions. Probably mail wine.
WISMEC Reux Mini Atomizer Glass Tube is a 2ml capapcity glass tube. made of pyrex glass. Designed for the Reux Mini Atomizer. You can replace the old or broken tube freely.
Good perfect quality is set to reux mini. I am satisfied having this.

lowercased:
it is a replacement glass tube with capacity of 2ml for reux mini. you can replace old or broken tube with it. get it as a spare part.
the wismec pyrex glass tube is designed for the reux mini atomizer. you can replace the old or broken tube freely with this one - perfect. get it as a spare part just incase!
• it is for wismec reux mini.
the seller is honest, the order did not receive but the money returned without questions. probably mail wine.
wismec reux mini atomizer glass tube is a 2ml capapcity glass tube. made of pyrex glass. designed for the reux mini atomizer. you can replace the old or broken tube freely.
good perfect quality is set to reux mini. i am satisfied having this.


text: A unique, modern setting; The Fiori is where fresh white lines meet warm wooden accents. With plush cushions in an accenting neutral tone, the Fiori is laidback, coastal and gorgeous! The combination of powder-coated aluminium and teak is perfect for coastal locations, both renowned for their durability and quality.

lowercased: a unique, modern setting; the fiori is where fresh white lines meet warm wooden accents. with plush cushions in an accenting neutral tone, the fiori is laidback, coastal and gorgeous! the combination of powder-coated aluminium and teak is perfect for coastal locations, both renowned for their durability and quality.


text: Super Savings! Up to 40% off on Unlocked Cell Phones at FloType. Top brands include Businda, FuriGer, v mobile, BlackBerry, PINCHU, Padcod, Kocaso, UNIWA, Smart Watches, Blackview, Meizu, LeEco, Vivo, VIVO Dealer, & Letv. Hurry! Limited time offers. Offers valid only while supplies last.

lowercased: super savings! up to 40% off on unlocked cell phones at flotype. top brands include businda, furiger, v mobile, blackberry, pinchu, padcod, kocaso, uniwa, smart watches, blackview, meizu, leeco, vivo, vivo dealer, & letv. hurry! limited time offers. offers valid only while supplies last.


text:
Bayern (Munich) president Uli Hones once again declared the club`s desire to hold Jop Heinkes for another season. The Bavarian coach plans to withdraw from office in the summer, but the leadership of the German Grandma is doing everything possible to dissuade him. `I`m trying to explain to Jup that his mission in Bayern is not yet finished, he has to make the transition from the more experienced players to the young, and I hope I can convince him to stay for another year. `B` as a coach, `said Hones.
In Bayern they want to have Hainkes` final decision before the beginning of March. Until then, the club predicted by soccer scores will not talk to the potential deputy of the experienced specialist. However, if Hainkes remains unbending, Thomas Tomwell is the best chance to head the Munich. Bayern is a convincing leader in the Bundesliga and continues for the German Cup and the Champions League, where the eighth finals will meet Besiktas.

lowercased:
bayern (munich) president uli hones once again declared the club`s desire to hold jop heinkes for another season. the bavarian coach plans to withdraw from office in the summer, but the leadership of the german grandma is doing everything possible to dissuade him. `i`m trying to explain to jup that his mission in bayern is not yet finished, he has to make the transition from the more experienced players to the young, and i hope i can convince him to stay for another year. `b` as a coach, `said hones.
in bayern they want to have hainkes` final decision before the beginning of march. until then, the club predicted by soccer scores will not talk to the potential deputy of the experienced specialist. however, if hainkes remains unbending, thomas tomwell is the best chance to head the munich. bayern is a convincing leader in the bundesliga and continues for the german cup and the champions league, where the eighth finals will meet besiktas.


text: Wild Fact About Me Mainostoimisto Speciaali is known for creating top content, unique designs and style that you can not get enough of. speciaali.fi add flair and innovation into everyday life, in some cases making the most mundane, daily items and experiences beautiful. Award winning agency that offer high quality advertising and marketing services, including branding, graphic design, website design and video production.

lowercased: wild fact about me mainostoimisto speciaali is known for creating top content, unique designs and style that you can not get enough of. speciaali.fi add flair and innovation into everyday life, in some cases making the most mundane, daily items and experiences beautiful. award winning agency that offer high quality advertising and marketing services, including branding, graphic design, website design and video production.


text:
PICCADILLY CIRCUS UK: ISLAM WILL NOT DOMINATE……! – The Tundra Tabloids…….
PICCADILLY CIRCUS UK: ISLAM WILL NOT DOMINATE……!
There are about 200 anti-sharia activists in Piccadilly Circus and lots of press and photographers. It is a multi-racial gathering, and there are many Union Jacks on display.
Obviously, there are no Muslim demonstrators to counter, but people are showing their opposition to sharia law in Britain. The protest is very peaceful and good-spirited.
We will have some photos later on.
Steve Gash of SIOE is present, as is another English Democrat member of UKIP, Magnus Nielsen (updated).
Previous Post Previous Post TUNDRA TABLOIDS GETS MAIL FROM A SEETHING NON-MILD MUSLIM…….
Next Post Next Post ‘A Time for Choosing’: 45th Anniversary of Ronald Reagan Address…….

lowercased:
piccadilly circus uk: islam will not dominate……! – the tundra tabloids…….
piccadilly circus uk: islam will not dominate……!
there are about 200 anti-sharia activists in piccadilly circus and lots of press and photographers. it is a multi-racial gathering, and there are many union jacks on display.
obviously, there are no muslim demonstrators to counter, but people are showing their opposition to sharia law in britain. the protest is very peaceful and good-spirited.
we will have some photos later on.
steve gash of sioe is present, as is another english democrat member of ukip, magnus nielsen (updated).
previous post previous post tundra tabloids gets mail from a seething non-mild muslim…….
next post next post ‘a time for choosing’: 45th anniversary of ronald reagan address…….


text:
We at LKI have a long experience in providing innovative solutions for industrial automation. Whether your system is an automated warehouse, FMS or sheet metal system, we are committed to optimizing your operations. With our flexible and modular automation solutions, you can achieve more efficient production and higher productivity.
Our long experience and strong know-how as an integrator guarantee that we are equipped with the expertise for your project. With our technology, you can gain the most of every production hour.

lowercased:
we at lki have a long experience in providing innovative solutions for industrial automation. whether your system is an automated warehouse, fms or sheet metal system, we are committed to optimizing your operations. with our flexible and modular automation solutions, you can achieve more efficient production and higher productivity.
our long experience and strong know-how as an integrator guarantee that we are equipped with the expertise for your project. with our technology, you can gain the most of every production hour.


text:
Besides JIRA Interview Questions, we will discuss how to create an issue or how agile project is manged using JIRA with screenshots those if you go through will give you a practical overview.
Q1. Explain what is JIRA?
JIRA is an issue tracking product or a software tool developed by Atlassian, commonly used for bug tracking, project management and issue tracking; it is entirely based on this three aspects.
Q2. What can be referred as an issue in JIRA?
Q3. How Are Issues Handled in JIRA?
Click on “Create Issue” button. Alternately, when you type “c” while on the JIRA page, the following ‘Create Issue’ dialog opens up.
All the fields in this page are self explanatory. We will discuss the most important one below.
Project: Every issue belongs to a project. You can choose the same by clicking on the drop down and choosing the project that you want this issue to belong to.
The items Bug, new feature, task, improvement are exactly what their names imply. Epic and story are more relevant to agile projects. Story is a requirement in Agile that needs to be tracked from start to finish. Epic is a group of stories.
Choose the issue type as needed. I am going to go with “Bug”.
A bug/defect is essentially something that is not right. The right way to approach a bug title is to concisely define ‘what’s wrong’.
It is also agreed, that when I open this bug and look into it in detail, I am sure I will find the answer to this question.
In the limited space that this field provides try to write your title in a way that communicates the exact issue without any ambiguity.
Priority: This field can take one of the following values.
Choose an appropriate option for your bug.
Component: This list will display the components of the Project. Choose appropriately.
Affected Version and Fix version: These two fields will display the versions available for the project. It is not necessary that a certain issue that you encountered in a certain version gets fixed in the same one. In cases like that, you can choose the affected version as the current version and fix version as the next one.
Assignee: You can type the name of the person to whom this issue should be handed over further. You can also assign an issue to yourself.
Q5. Is it possible to access JIRA cloud site via a mobile device?
Yes, it is possible to access JIRA cloud site via a mobile device. You have to just use the URL of the JIRA cloud site in your mobile web browser.
Q6. Explain labeling and linking issue in JIRA?
Labeling Issue: It enables you to categorize an issue in a more informal way than assigning it to a component or version. You can then search issues according to label.
Linking Issue: This feature enables you to link an association between two issues on either on the same or different JIRA servers.
Q7. Mention the types of reports generated in JIRA?
Workload Pie Chart Report, etc.
Q8. Explain what is Cloning an Issue?
Q9. Mention what things are not included in cloned issue in JIRA?
Q10. How to Use JIRA Effectively for Managing Agile Projects?
Agile Methodology for software development has gained immense popularity in the recent years.
Agile Projects follow an incremental approach to development of the requirements.
Once ranked, the stories are assigned developmental cycles (Sprints) that last for approx. 4-6 weeks.
The detailed documentation is avoided. Instead, a scrum board is maintained that will show the status and progress.
JIRA successfully supports all the activities listed above for projects following an Agile Methodology. In this article, we will see how.
Note – Firstly, you will need JIRA Agile add-on if you have not gotten it already.
You can have a product backlog by creating a main User story and having various sub-tasks under it.
Or you can create an Issue type -Epic and Issue type – Story linked to it. To do so, in the ‘Create Issue’ page you can go to “Configure Fields” and choose “Epic link” field to be included in the issue creation screen. – This is the most commonly used method.
Note: You will not be able to link Epic to another Epic.
Feature #2) There are two kinds of boards in JIRA agile. What are they and what they do is explained in the below window. Choose the appropriate board and continue through the steps to create a board. You will have to choose the projects from which issues are to be considered. In this article we are going to discuss a Scrum board.
Feature #3) After a board is created you will be able to configure it as you see fit. Basically, there are two modes to a board – Plan and work. As the name implies, plan is the part where you can categorize your requirements (stories) into Sprints. Work mode is when you can track the time spent and the overall progress. Apart from these two you can generate several reports.
The plan mode displays all the user stories created for the project.
You can use the LHS menu to decide the basis on which the issues need to be displayed. You can choose to view all the issues or only the ones related to a certain Epic.
Change the order in which issues need to be considered simply by dragging them up or down in the backlog.
From the RHS side menu upon clicking on an issue, you can create links, sub tasks, log work and perform any other activity like you would on a normal issue.
You can use this screen to create a sprint too, if you have the right permissions.
This will display the Active sprint information. All the user stories are going to be categorized into To do, In progress and Done to show the progress clearly.
Go to Agile Board->Reports. As you can see, there are lots of custom Agile reports that can be generated using JIRA. All you have to do is, choose the report that you would like and decide the data based on which this report should be generated.
With the right permissions or if you are an admin, you will be able to configure a board after its creation. To do so, go to “Agile->Manage Boards”. In the following screen, select the “Configure” option next to the board that you want to edit from the list of the all boards available.
That completes the basic introduction into how JIRA can be used for Agile Projects. In my opinion, the tool when used right can provide solid support for this methodology. Since the focus on documentation is low in Agile, JIRA can be your one stop-shop to have everything in one place.
Now, the obvious question: How is JIRA agile helpful for testers? Frankly, for the QA fraternity the scope of JIRA is either for bug tracking or task tracking – these do not change whether they are Agile Projects or regular ones. But having a good knowledge of this methodology by itself and the tool provided support is important because the IT world is shifting its focus to Agile – and we want to know all there is to know about it to make the best of it.
Q10. Explain what is the use of “Move Issue” wizard in JIRA?
Custom Fields: If you have determined required custom fields for your issue, which do not occur in the target project, you must set values for them.
Q11. How security setting is helpful in JIRA?
Q12. Explain how you can share an issue with other users?
You can email an issue by using the share option in JIRA. You can also email other JIRA users a link to the issue by sharing the issue with them or by mentioning them in an issue’s Description or Comment field.
Q13. Explain how you can modify multiple bulk issues?
Q14. Explain how you can disable mail notification for Bulk Operations?
To disable mail notification for a particular Bulk Operations, you have to de-select the “Send Notification” checkbox in the bulk operation wizard.
Q15. What does an issue change history include?
Q16. Explain what does the three color indicates tracking times or duration for an issue?
Q17. When you log a defect using TestDirector or JIRA what fields do you see?
The issue once created can be accessed by searching the ID, browsing the “Issues” menu item or going to the project details and checking the issues tab.
We will go in a sequential order from Right to left and discuss all the options.
1) Edit: As the name suggests, this option lets you modify an issue created. Click on it and modify the information as desired. Choose ‘Update’ when done. This is similar to “Create Issue” dialog.
3) Assign: This is the option you would need when you want to shift the ownership of an issue. Enter the Assignee information, comments (anything that you would want to communicate) and choose the viewership of the comment. Once an issue is assigned to the user, an automatic email is sent (if this option is chosen by the admin) and the issue appears on the assignee’s dashboard on login.
Agile Board, Rank to Top, Rank to Bottom -> Related to Agile Projects – the details of which are going to be coming up in a later article.
Attach Files, Attach Screenshots -> Lets you attach files to an issue. The screenshot option will auto capture a screenshot. All you need to do is print screen on your machine and you can directly copy it here into JIRA.
Add Vote, Voters, Stop watching, Watchers -> Voting is a process that JIRA users can perform to support the resolution of an issue favorably or unfavorably. The options in this section facilitate the same. You can also choose to watch an issue – when you do so, all the changes to it will be notified to you.
Create Sub-Task, Convert to Sub-task -> These are the options that help create and work with sub-tasks.
Labels -> This concept is similar to the “Labels” that we find on various blog and web pages. You can categorize issues based on Version and Component formally, but when in need of something more informal, this option can be used. For example, all the issues raised to track peer review comments can be labeled “peer review” to view and track them easily.
5) Log work: This is a way to track the progress on your issue in terms of time. When this option is used, the following dialog opens up. As you can see, the detailed information about how much time is spent on an issue, how much is remaining, etc can be logged here.
6) Move: JIRA issues can be moved across projects. However, the move from one project to another might mean a different target workflow, a different issue type, a new status etc. It is therefore advisable to analyze thoroughly how the move is going to affect the issue before going ahead with this.
7) Link: This is a very versatile feature of JIRA that allows you can logically link issues with one another and establish relationships/dependencies.
An example situation where this can be used in QA projects is when a certain defect prevents you from working a certain requirement. You can use this option to show the dependency.
Configure an already created Project.
3) Choose any of the above 3 methods to add a project. In the below window, choose the type of the project.
Tip: The Project type will determine the type of workflow your issues will go through.
Note: Please note the “Import from external systems” link at the bottom of the page. If you have been using a different bug/issue tracking system and would like to migrate to JIRA. This is the option you could use. Also, if all you had earlier is an excel sheet for all your issues, you can create a project by importing all the issues in the CSV file into JIRA.
4) Enter the project Name, Key (once chosen cannot be changed) and assign a Project Lead (the person who is responsible for the overall project). Click Submit when done.
, versions and components, people involved and the level of access permissions they have etc.
We will see the creations, deleting and editing of an issue in details below. For the rest of the operations, we would encourage you to try them on the site with your trial ID.
Note: With the trial you can add up to 10 users to your account i.e., 9 additional users and 1 admin, yourself.
There are two ways in which you can add users to JIRA.
2) Enter the user details in the “Create new user” dialog that opens up. In the below example I have entered only mandatory fields. The others are self-explanatory and can be set as required.

lowercased:
besides jira interview questions, we will discuss how to create an issue or how agile project is manged using jira with screenshots those if you go through will give you a practical overview.
q1. explain what is jira?
jira is an issue tracking product or a software tool developed by atlassian, commonly used for bug tracking, project management and issue tracking; it is entirely based on this three aspects.
q2. what can be referred as an issue in jira?
q3. how are issues handled in jira?
click on “create issue” button. alternately, when you type “c” while on the jira page, the following ‘create issue’ dialog opens up.
all the fields in this page are self explanatory. we will discuss the most important one below.
project: every issue belongs to a project. you can choose the same by clicking on the drop down and choosing the project that you want this issue to belong to.
the items bug, new feature, task, improvement are exactly what their names imply. epic and story are more relevant to agile projects. story is a requirement in agile that needs to be tracked from start to finish. epic is a group of stories.
choose the issue type as needed. i am going to go with “bug”.
a bug/defect is essentially something that is not right. the right way to approach a bug title is to concisely define ‘what’s wrong’.
it is also agreed, that when i open this bug and look into it in detail, i am sure i will find the answer to this question.
in the limited space that this field provides try to write your title in a way that communicates the exact issue without any ambiguity.
priority: this field can take one of the following values.
choose an appropriate option for your bug.
component: this list will display the components of the project. choose appropriately.
affected version and fix version: these two fields will display the versions available for the project. it is not necessary that a certain issue that you encountered in a certain version gets fixed in the same one. in cases like that, you can choose the affected version as the current version and fix version as the next one.
assignee: you can type the name of the person to whom this issue should be handed over further. you can also assign an issue to yourself.
q5. is it possible to access jira cloud site via a mobile device?
yes, it is possible to access jira cloud site via a mobile device. you have to just use the url of the jira cloud site in your mobile web browser.
q6. explain labeling and linking issue in jira?
labeling issue: it enables you to categorize an issue in a more informal way than assigning it to a component or version. you can then search issues according to label.
linking issue: this feature enables you to link an association between two issues on either on the same or different jira servers.
q7. mention the types of reports generated in jira?
workload pie chart report, etc.
q8. explain what is cloning an issue?
q9. mention what things are not included in cloned issue in jira?
q10. how to use jira effectively for managing agile projects?
agile methodology for software development has gained immense popularity in the recent years.
agile projects follow an incremental approach to development of the requirements.
once ranked, the stories are assigned developmental cycles (sprints) that last for approx. 4-6 weeks.
the detailed documentation is avoided. instead, a scrum board is maintained that will show the status and progress.
jira successfully supports all the activities listed above for projects following an agile methodology. in this article, we will see how.
note – firstly, you will need jira agile add-on if you have not gotten it already.
you can have a product backlog by creating a main user story and having various sub-tasks under it.
or you can create an issue type -epic and issue type – story linked to it. to do so, in the ‘create issue’ page you can go to “configure fields” and choose “epic link” field to be included in the issue creation screen. – this is the most commonly used method.
note: you will not be able to link epic to another epic.
feature #2) there are two kinds of boards in jira agile. what are they and what they do is explained in the below window. choose the appropriate board and continue through the steps to create a board. you will have to choose the projects from which issues are to be considered. in this article we are going to discuss a scrum board.
feature #3) after a board is created you will be able to configure it as you see fit. basically, there are two modes to a board – plan and work. as the name implies, plan is the part where you can categorize your requirements (stories) into sprints. work mode is when you can track the time spent and the overall progress. apart from these two you can generate several reports.
the plan mode displays all the user stories created for the project.
you can use the lhs menu to decide the basis on which the issues need to be displayed. you can choose to view all the issues or only the ones related to a certain epic.
change the order in which issues need to be considered simply by dragging them up or down in the backlog.
from the rhs side menu upon clicking on an issue, you can create links, sub tasks, log work and perform any other activity like you would on a normal issue.
you can use this screen to create a sprint too, if you have the right permissions.
this will display the active sprint information. all the user stories are going to be categorized into to do, in progress and done to show the progress clearly.
go to agile board->reports. as you can see, there are lots of custom agile reports that can be generated using jira. all you have to do is, choose the report that you would like and decide the data based on which this report should be generated.
with the right permissions or if you are an admin, you will be able to configure a board after its creation. to do so, go to “agile->manage boards”. in the following screen, select the “configure” option next to the board that you want to edit from the list of the all boards available.
that completes the basic introduction into how jira can be used for agile projects. in my opinion, the tool when used right can provide solid support for this methodology. since the focus on documentation is low in agile, jira can be your one stop-shop to have everything in one place.
now, the obvious question: how is jira agile helpful for testers? frankly, for the qa fraternity the scope of jira is either for bug tracking or task tracking – these do not change whether they are agile projects or regular ones. but having a good knowledge of this methodology by itself and the tool provided support is important because the it world is shifting its focus to agile – and we want to know all there is to know about it to make the best of it.
q10. explain what is the use of “move issue” wizard in jira?
custom fields: if you have determined required custom fields for your issue, which do not occur in the target project, you must set values for them.
q11. how security setting is helpful in jira?
q12. explain how you can share an issue with other users?
you can email an issue by using the share option in jira. you can also email other jira users a link to the issue by sharing the issue with them or by mentioning them in an issue’s description or comment field.
q13. explain how you can modify multiple bulk issues?
q14. explain how you can disable mail notification for bulk operations?
to disable mail notification for a particular bulk operations, you have to de-select the “send notification” checkbox in the bulk operation wizard.
q15. what does an issue change history include?
q16. explain what does the three color indicates tracking times or duration for an issue?
q17. when you log a defect using testdirector or jira what fields do you see?
the issue once created can be accessed by searching the id, browsing the “issues” menu item or going to the project details and checking the issues tab.
we will go in a sequential order from right to left and discuss all the options.
1) edit: as the name suggests, this option lets you modify an issue created. click on it and modify the information as desired. choose ‘update’ when done. this is similar to “create issue” dialog.
3) assign: this is the option you would need when you want to shift the ownership of an issue. enter the assignee information, comments (anything that you would want to communicate) and choose the viewership of the comment. once an issue is assigned to the user, an automatic email is sent (if this option is chosen by the admin) and the issue appears on the assignee’s dashboard on login.
agile board, rank to top, rank to bottom -> related to agile projects – the details of which are going to be coming up in a later article.
attach files, attach screenshots -> lets you attach files to an issue. the screenshot option will auto capture a screenshot. all you need to do is print screen on your machine and you can directly copy it here into jira.
add vote, voters, stop watching, watchers -> voting is a process that jira users can perform to support the resolution of an issue favorably or unfavorably. the options in this section facilitate the same. you can also choose to watch an issue – when you do so, all the changes to it will be notified to you.
create sub-task, convert to sub-task -> these are the options that help create and work with sub-tasks.
labels -> this concept is similar to the “labels” that we find on various blog and web pages. you can categorize issues based on version and component formally, but when in need of something more informal, this option can be used. for example, all the issues raised to track peer review comments can be labeled “peer review” to view and track them easily.
5) log work: this is a way to track the progress on your issue in terms of time. when this option is used, the following dialog opens up. as you can see, the detailed information about how much time is spent on an issue, how much is remaining, etc can be logged here.
6) move: jira issues can be moved across projects. however, the move from one project to another might mean a different target workflow, a different issue type, a new status etc. it is therefore advisable to analyze thoroughly how the move is going to affect the issue before going ahead with this.
7) link: this is a very versatile feature of jira that allows you can logically link issues with one another and establish relationships/dependencies.
an example situation where this can be used in qa projects is when a certain defect prevents you from working a certain requirement. you can use this option to show the dependency.
configure an already created project.
3) choose any of the above 3 methods to add a project. in the below window, choose the type of the project.
tip: the project type will determine the type of workflow your issues will go through.
note: please note the “import from external systems” link at the bottom of the page. if you have been using a different bug/issue tracking system and would like to migrate to jira. this is the option you could use. also, if all you had earlier is an excel sheet for all your issues, you can create a project by importing all the issues in the csv file into jira.
4) enter the project name, key (once chosen cannot be changed) and assign a project lead (the person who is responsible for the overall project). click submit when done.
, versions and components, people involved and the level of access permissions they have etc.
we will see the creations, deleting and editing of an issue in details below. for the rest of the operations, we would encourage you to try them on the site with your trial id.
note: with the trial you can add up to 10 users to your account i.e., 9 additional users and 1 admin, yourself.
there are two ways in which you can add users to jira.
2) enter the user details in the “create new user” dialog that opens up. in the below example i have entered only mandatory fields. the others are self-explanatory and can be set as required.


text:
Matching, Regions. Accumulation Matching. Matching, Accumulation. Hough. Contour Matching. See also Range Data Matching -- Accumulation Methods. See also Matching Using Accumulation and Alignment Schemes.
PAMI(21), No. 9, September 1999, pp. 946-950.
PAMI(33), No. 9, September 2011, pp. 1860-1876.
PAMI(32), No. 4, April 2010, pp. 619-635.
Region or Contour Invariants, Signatures, Metrics for Matching .

lowercased:
matching, regions. accumulation matching. matching, accumulation. hough. contour matching. see also range data matching -- accumulation methods. see also matching using accumulation and alignment schemes.
pami(21), no. 9, september 1999, pp. 946-950.
pami(33), no. 9, september 2011, pp. 1860-1876.
pami(32), no. 4, april 2010, pp. 619-635.
region or contour invariants, signatures, metrics for matching .


text:
Personalize this Monogram Necklace Interlocking Style with any 2 or 3 letters or initials. A very beautiful and sturdy piece of monogram jewelry that will be treasured forever.
A solid piece of jewelry you will cherish forever.
The model in the picture is wearing our 1.5" size.
Any 1 to 3 initilas.
Monogram pendant comes in 4 sizes: 1.2", 1.5", 1.75", 2". Our model in the picture wears a 1.5" size.
The Monogram Necklaces were prefect and exactly what I hoped for. Thanks so much for working with me and getting them to me on time! I love them, I just wish I had ordered one for myself!!
I bought this monogram necklace to wear it during my vacations. Love it. Very sturdy and a very nice rolo chain. The pendant is very well finished and it is very sturdy. Thank you!

lowercased:
personalize this monogram necklace interlocking style with any 2 or 3 letters or initials. a very beautiful and sturdy piece of monogram jewelry that will be treasured forever.
a solid piece of jewelry you will cherish forever.
the model in the picture is wearing our 1.5" size.
any 1 to 3 initilas.
monogram pendant comes in 4 sizes: 1.2", 1.5", 1.75", 2". our model in the picture wears a 1.5" size.
the monogram necklaces were prefect and exactly what i hoped for. thanks so much for working with me and getting them to me on time! i love them, i just wish i had ordered one for myself!!
i bought this monogram necklace to wear it during my vacations. love it. very sturdy and a very nice rolo chain. the pendant is very well finished and it is very sturdy. thank you!


text:
Eyecon is an online gaming software developer that has been developing casino games for traditional and online casinos since it was originally founded way back in 1997. The developer has a reputation for putting out a series of video slots and scratch cards, which currently numbers in the hundreds.
Eyecon's gaming library for the online market is not very large, but includes games that quite a bit of fun to play. The company's staple of scratch cards and slots are complimented by a bingo title, and are all quite colorful and smooth in their presentation.
The slots on offer from Eyecon are quite good, with the company offering games that are completely unique, with the Muppet looking Roland Rat or the sugary sweet looking Sugar Train sitting right alongside more standard looking games like Bahama Mama and Beez Kneez.
The scratch card and bingo games look nicely enough, but they are expectedly shallow and really just filler for casinos looking to offer a quick distraction for players who are playing the other titles on offer.
There are only two casinos in our database that we list as offering games from EyeCon. The first is the excellent bgo Casino, which holds a four and a half star rating from us, while the second is the slightly above average Spin and Win. Both casinos are places that offer some worthwhile features, but have limited banking and support options.
Eyecon titles are small in number, but do offer a nice selection of options and themes that definitely make them stand out as being unique, and punters will more than likely enjoy them should they come across them at bgo or Spin and Win. Still, there are better software companies out there that have deeper game libraries.
Goto www.eyecon.com.au to visit Eyecon!

lowercased:
eyecon is an online gaming software developer that has been developing casino games for traditional and online casinos since it was originally founded way back in 1997. the developer has a reputation for putting out a series of video slots and scratch cards, which currently numbers in the hundreds.
eyecon's gaming library for the online market is not very large, but includes games that quite a bit of fun to play. the company's staple of scratch cards and slots are complimented by a bingo title, and are all quite colorful and smooth in their presentation.
the slots on offer from eyecon are quite good, with the company offering games that are completely unique, with the muppet looking roland rat or the sugary sweet looking sugar train sitting right alongside more standard looking games like bahama mama and beez kneez.
the scratch card and bingo games look nicely enough, but they are expectedly shallow and really just filler for casinos looking to offer a quick distraction for players who are playing the other titles on offer.
there are only two casinos in our database that we list as offering games from eyecon. the first is the excellent bgo casino, which holds a four and a half star rating from us, while the second is the slightly above average spin and win. both casinos are places that offer some worthwhile features, but have limited banking and support options.
eyecon titles are small in number, but do offer a nice selection of options and themes that definitely make them stand out as being unique, and punters will more than likely enjoy them should they come across them at bgo or spin and win. still, there are better software companies out there that have deeper game libraries.
goto www.eyecon.com.au to visit eyecon!


text: Power Racing Series is gearing up again…. YESSSSssss. I just found out about the promo vid, and it is hilarious. Jim Burke knows me too well.

lowercased: power racing series is gearing up again…. yessssssss. i just found out about the promo vid, and it is hilarious. jim burke knows me too well.


text:
Beautiful 3 bedroom 2 1/2 bath lakefront home, located in a quiet cul-de-sac.Features a 1st floor Master BR. Master bath has separate shower & garden tub, and double bath vanities. Spacious bay windows, custom made blinds, and beautiful laminate wood floors. Screened foyer with french doors at front and rear entry. Open the back door and enjoy the lake. Welcome home!
This home has been on the market since Jan 23,2019. Courtesy of PREMIER COAST REALTY, LLC.

lowercased:
beautiful 3 bedroom 2 1/2 bath lakefront home, located in a quiet cul-de-sac.features a 1st floor master br. master bath has separate shower & garden tub, and double bath vanities. spacious bay windows, custom made blinds, and beautiful laminate wood floors. screened foyer with french doors at front and rear entry. open the back door and enjoy the lake. welcome home!
this home has been on the market since jan 23,2019. courtesy of premier coast realty, llc.