text:
A Military-to-Civilian cover letter is designed keeping in mind the specifics of the previous role in the military, and the new job aspired for. A life in military is one full of discipline and etiquette, and it has a wide category of sub-professions under its banner, that make it a lot easier for the ex-military personnel to find a new job outside the military. The resume needs to have all the information on the academic record, and the exact details of your role in the military, specifying the exact details on the job handled. The various difficulties in writing a convincing cover letter are the different attitudes that need to be brought forth in to expression through a compatible and comprehensive mode of expression. The various tricks to write a cover letter are described in a cover letter sample, and it really comes handy when you want to pick some important pointers to write in the cover letters.
A military-to-civilian cover letter doesn't have to be a totally impersonal reflection of your experience in army. It is in fact an exercise of writing about your pure feelings, a brief note on what your job makes you feel can win you a job. A little exploration of the real state of mind will reveal itself to you what you really like to do and how much, a brief note on your inspiration to do what you have chosen to do makes for an excellent experience for the reader as well, as he can peek into your nature and soak up an experience. The letter should have the details in chronological order, of the the order in which you achieved all the relevant experiences. Your decision to quit the military doesn't necessarily have to find a mention in your cover letter as it won't add anything to your cover letter, instead, you should try to add your aspirations, on what you think your future holds for you through the promise of this job opportunity.
A job switch demands alert behavior when it comes to the segregation of the facts and the details of experience in the field. A simple and plain letter will enhance the intellectual appeal of your letter, the military-to-civilian cover letter made with the help of proper analysis of the departmental responsibilities handled, and a brief hitch of sentences that will tell you exactly what you can bring to the company. The attitude to have while writing an impressive letter is to be honest and straightforward with what you are seeking, and bring to light the confidence and dedication to the forefront. Thus, for your letter to make a mark and assist your resume in the best possible way draft a letter that speaks your mind while encompassing the expectations of the recruiter of the company you are applying to.
If you have a reference then you need to be very specific about your relation to the referrer. It is important to not be redundant in your design, and the best way to do it is to let the capital interests speak, a military-to-civilian cover letter can tend to be regressive if it inclines backwards towards the past, so it is important to keep your eyes at the future and your feet on the present. The more you invest on drafting a cover letter based on what you think is right the better, it will only be a success if you are satisfied yourself, in order to be able to have expressed what you feel. A snobbish cover letter can only peak at being morose, and so it is important to have a humble approach and express healthy and an earnest desire to work with the new firm that excites you as a job opportunity. A military-to-civilian cover letter is a tool of transition, it announces your will and desire to change your profession, while still being able to do what one likes.

lowercased:
a military-to-civilian cover letter is designed keeping in mind the specifics of the previous role in the military, and the new job aspired for. a life in military is one full of discipline and etiquette, and it has a wide category of sub-professions under its banner, that make it a lot easier for the ex-military personnel to find a new job outside the military. the resume needs to have all the information on the academic record, and the exact details of your role in the military, specifying the exact details on the job handled. the various difficulties in writing a convincing cover letter are the different attitudes that need to be brought forth in to expression through a compatible and comprehensive mode of expression. the various tricks to write a cover letter are described in a cover letter sample, and it really comes handy when you want to pick some important pointers to write in the cover letters.
a military-to-civilian cover letter doesn't have to be a totally impersonal reflection of your experience in army. it is in fact an exercise of writing about your pure feelings, a brief note on what your job makes you feel can win you a job. a little exploration of the real state of mind will reveal itself to you what you really like to do and how much, a brief note on your inspiration to do what you have chosen to do makes for an excellent experience for the reader as well, as he can peek into your nature and soak up an experience. the letter should have the details in chronological order, of the the order in which you achieved all the relevant experiences. your decision to quit the military doesn't necessarily have to find a mention in your cover letter as it won't add anything to your cover letter, instead, you should try to add your aspirations, on what you think your future holds for you through the promise of this job opportunity.
a job switch demands alert behavior when it comes to the segregation of the facts and the details of experience in the field. a simple and plain letter will enhance the intellectual appeal of your letter, the military-to-civilian cover letter made with the help of proper analysis of the departmental responsibilities handled, and a brief hitch of sentences that will tell you exactly what you can bring to the company. the attitude to have while writing an impressive letter is to be honest and straightforward with what you are seeking, and bring to light the confidence and dedication to the forefront. thus, for your letter to make a mark and assist your resume in the best possible way draft a letter that speaks your mind while encompassing the expectations of the recruiter of the company you are applying to.
if you have a reference then you need to be very specific about your relation to the referrer. it is important to not be redundant in your design, and the best way to do it is to let the capital interests speak, a military-to-civilian cover letter can tend to be regressive if it inclines backwards towards the past, so it is important to keep your eyes at the future and your feet on the present. the more you invest on drafting a cover letter based on what you think is right the better, it will only be a success if you are satisfied yourself, in order to be able to have expressed what you feel. a snobbish cover letter can only peak at being morose, and so it is important to have a humble approach and express healthy and an earnest desire to work with the new firm that excites you as a job opportunity. a military-to-civilian cover letter is a tool of transition, it announces your will and desire to change your profession, while still being able to do what one likes.


text:
Added ability to constrain Maximization Plan to only plans that meet or exceed Base Plan in all years.
Do not display Social Security Spousal Benefit and Widow(er) Benefit dates in what-if panel for partnered cases, they are not necessary.
Add Year-at-a-Glance Report to provide summary of all activity for a year.
Allow user to indicate age at which they will no longer purchase life insurance.
Purchase price value for change of home missing. This is fixed.
When spouse indicates a monthly Social Security disability benefit, annual amount was subtracted from regular assets. This is fixed.
Unrealized Cap Gains changes were not impacting report. The data is now being reported correctly.
Incorrect assets were being shown in some cases after spouse death. This is now working correctly.
Progress in maximized report could sometimes exceed 100% and fluctuate at end of reporting period. The percentage progress is now functioning properly.

lowercased:
added ability to constrain maximization plan to only plans that meet or exceed base plan in all years.
do not display social security spousal benefit and widow(er) benefit dates in what-if panel for partnered cases, they are not necessary.
add year-at-a-glance report to provide summary of all activity for a year.
allow user to indicate age at which they will no longer purchase life insurance.
purchase price value for change of home missing. this is fixed.
when spouse indicates a monthly social security disability benefit, annual amount was subtracted from regular assets. this is fixed.
unrealized cap gains changes were not impacting report. the data is now being reported correctly.
incorrect assets were being shown in some cases after spouse death. this is now working correctly.
progress in maximized report could sometimes exceed 100% and fluctuate at end of reporting period. the percentage progress is now functioning properly.


text:
Once again I am prevented from leaving my home by the Ironman. From early morning for the whole day the residents in our street are trapped. It really does pi$$ me off.
You can't win, can you, sit there or look a right miserable **** for trying to disrupt a great event for the town.
When the reality is they've not organised it properly.
Failure is not an option !
Not totally imprisoned but highly inconvenienced nevertheless. I think that it's high time that the Ironman people took the event elsewhere as I do not see what we locals gain from it !
Apparently Chorley/Lancashire/Bolton Councils have signed up til 2022.
So now is the time for a nice polite letter to the council CEO asking for some consideration to be given to residents. Could they not cone off an access route ?

lowercased:
once again i am prevented from leaving my home by the ironman. from early morning for the whole day the residents in our street are trapped. it really does pi$$ me off.
you can't win, can you, sit there or look a right miserable **** for trying to disrupt a great event for the town.
when the reality is they've not organised it properly.
failure is not an option !
not totally imprisoned but highly inconvenienced nevertheless. i think that it's high time that the ironman people took the event elsewhere as i do not see what we locals gain from it !
apparently chorley/lancashire/bolton councils have signed up til 2022.
so now is the time for a nice polite letter to the council ceo asking for some consideration to be given to residents. could they not cone off an access route ?


text:
Submit the form to get a comparison of fiber services available at your location now.
Choosing the best service provider is trickier than one might expect. While many local providers may offer fiber connections, most only offer internet and the prices and offerings can shift at a moment's notice.
Because of the market's tendency to change rapidly, what should be an easy exercise can turn into a marathon of research, price quoting and cross-comparisons. Avoid those roadblocks by working with a trusted third-party agency today.

lowercased:
submit the form to get a comparison of fiber services available at your location now.
choosing the best service provider is trickier than one might expect. while many local providers may offer fiber connections, most only offer internet and the prices and offerings can shift at a moment's notice.
because of the market's tendency to change rapidly, what should be an easy exercise can turn into a marathon of research, price quoting and cross-comparisons. avoid those roadblocks by working with a trusted third-party agency today.


text:
Ornella Vanoni (born September 22, 1934 in Milan) is an Italian singer.
Mia Martini (September 20, 1947 - May 12, 1995), pseudonym of Domenica Bertè, was a popular and critically acclaimed Italian singer.
Pop rock singer. Date of Birth - 6 December 1969, Florence, Italy. Spouse - Alessandro Carotti.
Gino Paoli (born 23 September 1934) is an Italian singer-songwriter.
Paoli was born in Monfalcone, but moved very early to Genoa.

lowercased:
ornella vanoni (born september 22, 1934 in milan) is an italian singer.
mia martini (september 20, 1947 - may 12, 1995), pseudonym of domenica bertè, was a popular and critically acclaimed italian singer.
pop rock singer. date of birth - 6 december 1969, florence, italy. spouse - alessandro carotti.
gino paoli (born 23 september 1934) is an italian singer-songwriter.
paoli was born in monfalcone, but moved very early to genoa.


text:
Home Crypto News Finance and Funding Did Insider Trading Drop The Market?
In the past 2 weeks, Bitcoin (BTC) went from $6,400 up to $7,400 and back again to $6,400 and Ethereum (ETH) has reached a new low for 2018. While this is the cryptocurrency landscape, this manipulation isn’t healthy. Many people look to the Goldman Sachs news as the reason for the drop but that isn’t the beginning of when Bitcoin (BTC) started to take a turn for the worse.
It was noted that someone saw an investor took a 10,000 BTC ($74,000,000) short position even though the market had been mostly positive for the past few weeks. The position was so contrarian it was almost as if that person knew something the market didn’t. While there isn’t proof of insider trading, there is a lot of speculation that an insider at Goldman Sachs took this position knowing what the news would do to the market. Unfortunately, it is unlikely we will ever know who that person is or what knowledge they had.
Along with the drop in Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) has reached a new low for 2018, after shooting up to about $1,400 in January. The last time ETH was this cheap was in May of 2017, erasing all gains any investor has made since then. Many coins are in the same boat as ETH, or worse. In fact, for the most part, most coins that have been around for longer than one year, are either the same price or less than exactly one year ago, except for Bitcoin (about $4,500 one year ago).
This bodes the question, is any other coin but Bitcoin worth holding for the long term and should investors only trade altcoins? Personally, I do not have an answer to this but year-over-year many coins don’t hold up and in many instances, drop in price.

lowercased:
home crypto news finance and funding did insider trading drop the market?
in the past 2 weeks, bitcoin (btc) went from $6,400 up to $7,400 and back again to $6,400 and ethereum (eth) has reached a new low for 2018. while this is the cryptocurrency landscape, this manipulation isn’t healthy. many people look to the goldman sachs news as the reason for the drop but that isn’t the beginning of when bitcoin (btc) started to take a turn for the worse.
it was noted that someone saw an investor took a 10,000 btc ($74,000,000) short position even though the market had been mostly positive for the past few weeks. the position was so contrarian it was almost as if that person knew something the market didn’t. while there isn’t proof of insider trading, there is a lot of speculation that an insider at goldman sachs took this position knowing what the news would do to the market. unfortunately, it is unlikely we will ever know who that person is or what knowledge they had.
along with the drop in bitcoin (btc), ethereum (eth) has reached a new low for 2018, after shooting up to about $1,400 in january. the last time eth was this cheap was in may of 2017, erasing all gains any investor has made since then. many coins are in the same boat as eth, or worse. in fact, for the most part, most coins that have been around for longer than one year, are either the same price or less than exactly one year ago, except for bitcoin (about $4,500 one year ago).
this bodes the question, is any other coin but bitcoin worth holding for the long term and should investors only trade altcoins? personally, i do not have an answer to this but year-over-year many coins don’t hold up and in many instances, drop in price.


text:
Settle into this king suite and relax on our clean and fresh Hampton bed®. Unwind on a plush sofa bed while watching the 37-inch HDTV. Enjoy a delicious hot drink from your in-room tea/coffeemaker.
The suite includes a spacious desk and free WiFi to let you catch up on work while traveling. In the bathroom, you'll enjoy fluffy towels, a WaterPik® showerhead and curved shower rod for added space and light. Please call the hotel for more details.
Settle into this queen suite and relax on one of the 2 clean and fresh Hampton beds®. Unwind on a plush sofa bed while watching the 37-inch HDTV. Enjoy a delicious hot drink from your in-room tea/coffeemaker.

lowercased:
settle into this king suite and relax on our clean and fresh hampton bed®. unwind on a plush sofa bed while watching the 37-inch hdtv. enjoy a delicious hot drink from your in-room tea/coffeemaker.
the suite includes a spacious desk and free wifi to let you catch up on work while traveling. in the bathroom, you'll enjoy fluffy towels, a waterpik® showerhead and curved shower rod for added space and light. please call the hotel for more details.
settle into this queen suite and relax on one of the 2 clean and fresh hampton beds®. unwind on a plush sofa bed while watching the 37-inch hdtv. enjoy a delicious hot drink from your in-room tea/coffeemaker.


text:
The Lizards features five top professionals in the music industry, including singer Juan who has worked with Universal Records and guitarist Robin who performed with Amy Winehouse.
The Lizards are renowned for creating the right atmosphere to suit every individual event. With a wide repertoire of songs from the genres of pop, rock, soul and jazz, they have plenty of flexibility when it comes to picking the right tunes to suit you.
The Lizards come as a quartet or 5-piece band, making them a versatile choice. The different line-ups cater for all kinds of event so there will be something to suit a range of budgets and venues.

lowercased:
the lizards features five top professionals in the music industry, including singer juan who has worked with universal records and guitarist robin who performed with amy winehouse.
the lizards are renowned for creating the right atmosphere to suit every individual event. with a wide repertoire of songs from the genres of pop, rock, soul and jazz, they have plenty of flexibility when it comes to picking the right tunes to suit you.
the lizards come as a quartet or 5-piece band, making them a versatile choice. the different line-ups cater for all kinds of event so there will be something to suit a range of budgets and venues.


text:
Oh, hold on, that’s exactly what i have been doing for the last nine years!
Given my babies ages (11 months. 5, 7 and two 9 year olds) I have been on the ‘disney, cebebeies, baby TV and Mr bloody Tumble’ channel for nearly a decade.
So, people may judge me when they hear i have been embracing the twins impending teenage years by introducing them to some of MY favourite movies.
Some have been a hit, some haven’t, some appropriate, some maybe not, but I’ve had a blast sharing my old favs with them.
Pauly Shore is a bit of an unknown name in the UK, but growing up, his movies were amongst some of my favourites.
California Man, Bio-dome, son in law and In the Army Now are great movies for my boys. They think he is one of the funniest people alive (besides Mr Bean).
Stand by Me was our Friday night movie recently.
It was a really lovely evening as Mike and I were as excited to sit down and watch it as they were.
They found it quite emotional (when Gordie’s brother dies and when they tell stories about their family lives) but the ‘leech scene’ and all the swearing made up for it!
FYI, a little trivia I found out while writing this blog, did you know, Vern in Stand by Me has grown into Jerry O’connell, who has been in Scream 2, Mistresses, Billions and Jerry Maguire! Who’d have guessed that!
I don’t worry about them watching movies that use profanity anymore. They know what they are allowed to say and what they aren’t and I trust their manners….
Plus, they probably hear worse at home anyway!
Beetlejuice is now on their favourite list aswell as mine, along with Goonies, National Lampoons Vacation, Big, The Great Outdoors, Overboard, The Ernest Movies, Gremlins, Jaws, Mannequin, Parenthood, Return to Oz…I could go on.
One choice that was very controversial in our house, and, I won’t lie, was Mikes choice for a movie night.
His all time favourite movie, FOREST GUMP!!!!
Now, this movie is PG rated which was his argument for letting Mikey and Harri watch it.
However, I don’t think he took into account the various scenarios this movie involves.
But, the boys absolutely loved it, Harrison asks me daily to watch it again.
The adult themes went over their head but the emotional rollercoaster really swept them away.
They are memorised with the whole movie, Forest, his relationships with family and friends, his comic manner, his constant need to please, protect and love.
I feel, in hindsight, it was a great movie choice for them that taught them things I certainly couldnt.
And it opened the door for me to test some other movies such as Olympus has Fallen, London has fallen, San Andreas, Outbreak 😱, Salt, Planet of the Apes.
So in short, now. When we have ‘a family movie night ‘ I can be in the room with them mentally aswell as physically, watching with general interest rather than staring blankly at the TV because I’m watching Toy Story, Frozen or Horrid ba#@ard Henry for the 1000th time!

lowercased:
oh, hold on, that’s exactly what i have been doing for the last nine years!
given my babies ages (11 months. 5, 7 and two 9 year olds) i have been on the ‘disney, cebebeies, baby tv and mr bloody tumble’ channel for nearly a decade.
so, people may judge me when they hear i have been embracing the twins impending teenage years by introducing them to some of my favourite movies.
some have been a hit, some haven’t, some appropriate, some maybe not, but i’ve had a blast sharing my old favs with them.
pauly shore is a bit of an unknown name in the uk, but growing up, his movies were amongst some of my favourites.
california man, bio-dome, son in law and in the army now are great movies for my boys. they think he is one of the funniest people alive (besides mr bean).
stand by me was our friday night movie recently.
it was a really lovely evening as mike and i were as excited to sit down and watch it as they were.
they found it quite emotional (when gordie’s brother dies and when they tell stories about their family lives) but the ‘leech scene’ and all the swearing made up for it!
fyi, a little trivia i found out while writing this blog, did you know, vern in stand by me has grown into jerry o’connell, who has been in scream 2, mistresses, billions and jerry maguire! who’d have guessed that!
i don’t worry about them watching movies that use profanity anymore. they know what they are allowed to say and what they aren’t and i trust their manners….
plus, they probably hear worse at home anyway!
beetlejuice is now on their favourite list aswell as mine, along with goonies, national lampoons vacation, big, the great outdoors, overboard, the ernest movies, gremlins, jaws, mannequin, parenthood, return to oz…i could go on.
one choice that was very controversial in our house, and, i won’t lie, was mikes choice for a movie night.
his all time favourite movie, forest gump!!!!
now, this movie is pg rated which was his argument for letting mikey and harri watch it.
however, i don’t think he took into account the various scenarios this movie involves.
but, the boys absolutely loved it, harrison asks me daily to watch it again.
the adult themes went over their head but the emotional rollercoaster really swept them away.
they are memorised with the whole movie, forest, his relationships with family and friends, his comic manner, his constant need to please, protect and love.
i feel, in hindsight, it was a great movie choice for them that taught them things i certainly couldnt.
and it opened the door for me to test some other movies such as olympus has fallen, london has fallen, san andreas, outbreak 😱, salt, planet of the apes.
so in short, now. when we have ‘a family movie night ‘ i can be in the room with them mentally aswell as physically, watching with general interest rather than staring blankly at the tv because i’m watching toy story, frozen or horrid ba#@ard henry for the 1000th time!


text:
Cathay Pacific Business Class 777-300ER is perhaps the most consistent overall product out there. I recently flew them from Toronto (YYZ) to Hong Kong (HKG). Unfortunately, Cathay does not operate First Class cabin service on this route so my redemption option was fairly straight forward.
Alaska Mileage Plan is my favorite program for booking Cathay Pacific flights. It costs 60,000 miles to fly from North America to Asia and only 62,500 for India! I was able to find two seats for the entire itinerary YYZ-HKG-BOM with a 2-day stopover in HKG, thanks to generous routing rules. Cathay flights cannot be searched or booked online with Alaska’s portal, so I called in ($25 booking fee) and provided the needed details. Searching Cathay award space on British Airways or Qantas website are good alternatives. One-way trip from Canada to India cost me 62,500 miles + $113.40 per person.
The check-in and baggage drop off procedure at YYZ terminal 3 was simple and straight forward. We scanned our passports to confirm seat selection, and obtained luggage tags at the kiosk and proceeded to the baggage drop off booths. A quick scan of boarding pass and the bags were loaded on the belts. Easy, human free process.
Unfortunately, Cathay fliers do not get access to the priority security lane. Although, right kind of Amex or Nexus membership does the trick.
CX 825 was delayed by an hour, which meant that the gate area was extremely busy at the time of boarding. The priority boarding too had quite a few passengers lined up already. However, with a dedicated aerobridge for Business passengers, boarding was hassle-free.
Business class cabin on Cathay Pacific 777-300ER is split in two sections and my seat, 23 A was located in the second section in front of Premium Economy cabin. The seat layout was 1-2-1 with reverse herringbone configuration.
As expected, the window seat was extremely spacious and offered direct aisle access with adequate privacy. The upholstery however, has started to look tired and I hope Cathay can address this issue on their older fleet.
The in-seat storage space on Cathay 777-300ER is second to none, I quite like the space utility it offers.
Pre-departure drink service was very prompt and started shortly after I had settled into my seat. A glass of champagne to start with.
The premium Economy cabin behind me was a 2-4-2 configuration and by the looks of it, offered great leg room and came with similar upholstery.
Back in Business class however, it was time to explore the amenity kit, designed by Seventy Eight Percent. The contents included natural skincare products from an Australian company Jurlique.
Soon, it was time to push back and head to the runway. by this time, we were already an hour past our departure time.
Shortly after take-off, seat belt signs were switched off and the crew was in action with menu, more champagne, nuts while I got busy with exploring media options.
The extensive menu on this ~15 hour flight included a scheduled Lunch and Dinner Service with snacks options on demand.
Dinner service kicked off with some more Champagne for me. Couscous and smoked duck appetizer was followed by roasted Cod for mains.
Although crew comes around to collect meal options, it is standard for Cathay to bring all meals in a trolley – very 80’s. I was happy to read that Cathay had committed to upgrading their meal service in Business class.
Confession time: I am a serious ‘sleeper’, as in I am known to sleep 7-8 hour stretches if I can lie down or even 7-8 hours of broken sleep in economy. I know, this is not normal and most people of envious of my super powers. Needless to say, after that smashing lunch/dinner service, I was looking forward to sleep. And sleep I did – A solid 6.5 hours later, I woke up to another round of food. Unhealthy, but I was thinking of writing a full review 😉 Had to be done. Given my sleep pattern, I did not have a chance to try the snacks menu as such. For Dinner, I chose Aloo Gobi (Potato and Cauliflower) with rice.
Between the gluttony of food, drinks and sleep, Hong Kong beckoned and it was time to land. Unfortunately, we were still an hour delayed and landed in HKG with Cat 3 tropical storm warning. However, the landing was smooth as it could be.
Another ride on the ever consistent Cathay Pacific Business Class 777-300ER had come to an end. There is great comfort in familiar level of good service, over the years with Cathay. The crew on board were polite and always attentive to passenger needs. On this trip, I also found them going out of their way to engage with passengers like I have never experienced before, they were keen to know if it was our first time in town and if we had any specific plans. The seats offered great comfort and room to stretch out. The upholstery however is starting to show its age and I hope Cathay looks into revamping some of its older fleet as well. Cathay Pacific Business Class continues to be my favorite way to get to Asia, with Alaska miles – A true sweet spot if there ever was!
Thank you for your excellent review of your Toronto to Bombay trip. This is exactly what I wish to do in February 2019. At this moment I am busy accumulating Alaska Mileage points. I find “looking at BA or Qantas to find available business class seating on Cathay Pacific very confusing” Would you kindly share the process with me/us.
Hi Joseph, Cathay award availability does not show up when you search on Alaska. You have to call Allaska to book award flights on Cathay. But cathay awards do show up on BA or Qantas Programs. So sign up for BA and Qantas frequent flyer programs and search for yyz-hkg and hen hkg-bom (one segment at a time). If you see cathay flights available on ba or qantas, call alaska and give them those exact flight time/number. They should be able to book them over phone.
Hope this helps – cheers!
Those main course portions look very small? Did you find it adequate ?
Main course by itself wouldnt not do it but the 3-4 course meal was more than adequate..i was stuffed!

lowercased:
cathay pacific business class 777-300er is perhaps the most consistent overall product out there. i recently flew them from toronto (yyz) to hong kong (hkg). unfortunately, cathay does not operate first class cabin service on this route so my redemption option was fairly straight forward.
alaska mileage plan is my favorite program for booking cathay pacific flights. it costs 60,000 miles to fly from north america to asia and only 62,500 for india! i was able to find two seats for the entire itinerary yyz-hkg-bom with a 2-day stopover in hkg, thanks to generous routing rules. cathay flights cannot be searched or booked online with alaska’s portal, so i called in ($25 booking fee) and provided the needed details. searching cathay award space on british airways or qantas website are good alternatives. one-way trip from canada to india cost me 62,500 miles + $113.40 per person.
the check-in and baggage drop off procedure at yyz terminal 3 was simple and straight forward. we scanned our passports to confirm seat selection, and obtained luggage tags at the kiosk and proceeded to the baggage drop off booths. a quick scan of boarding pass and the bags were loaded on the belts. easy, human free process.
unfortunately, cathay fliers do not get access to the priority security lane. although, right kind of amex or nexus membership does the trick.
cx 825 was delayed by an hour, which meant that the gate area was extremely busy at the time of boarding. the priority boarding too had quite a few passengers lined up already. however, with a dedicated aerobridge for business passengers, boarding was hassle-free.
business class cabin on cathay pacific 777-300er is split in two sections and my seat, 23 a was located in the second section in front of premium economy cabin. the seat layout was 1-2-1 with reverse herringbone configuration.
as expected, the window seat was extremely spacious and offered direct aisle access with adequate privacy. the upholstery however, has started to look tired and i hope cathay can address this issue on their older fleet.
the in-seat storage space on cathay 777-300er is second to none, i quite like the space utility it offers.
pre-departure drink service was very prompt and started shortly after i had settled into my seat. a glass of champagne to start with.
the premium economy cabin behind me was a 2-4-2 configuration and by the looks of it, offered great leg room and came with similar upholstery.
back in business class however, it was time to explore the amenity kit, designed by seventy eight percent. the contents included natural skincare products from an australian company jurlique.
soon, it was time to push back and head to the runway. by this time, we were already an hour past our departure time.
shortly after take-off, seat belt signs were switched off and the crew was in action with menu, more champagne, nuts while i got busy with exploring media options.
the extensive menu on this ~15 hour flight included a scheduled lunch and dinner service with snacks options on demand.
dinner service kicked off with some more champagne for me. couscous and smoked duck appetizer was followed by roasted cod for mains.
although crew comes around to collect meal options, it is standard for cathay to bring all meals in a trolley – very 80’s. i was happy to read that cathay had committed to upgrading their meal service in business class.
confession time: i am a serious ‘sleeper’, as in i am known to sleep 7-8 hour stretches if i can lie down or even 7-8 hours of broken sleep in economy. i know, this is not normal and most people of envious of my super powers. needless to say, after that smashing lunch/dinner service, i was looking forward to sleep. and sleep i did – a solid 6.5 hours later, i woke up to another round of food. unhealthy, but i was thinking of writing a full review 😉 had to be done. given my sleep pattern, i did not have a chance to try the snacks menu as such. for dinner, i chose aloo gobi (potato and cauliflower) with rice.
between the gluttony of food, drinks and sleep, hong kong beckoned and it was time to land. unfortunately, we were still an hour delayed and landed in hkg with cat 3 tropical storm warning. however, the landing was smooth as it could be.
another ride on the ever consistent cathay pacific business class 777-300er had come to an end. there is great comfort in familiar level of good service, over the years with cathay. the crew on board were polite and always attentive to passenger needs. on this trip, i also found them going out of their way to engage with passengers like i have never experienced before, they were keen to know if it was our first time in town and if we had any specific plans. the seats offered great comfort and room to stretch out. the upholstery however is starting to show its age and i hope cathay looks into revamping some of its older fleet as well. cathay pacific business class continues to be my favorite way to get to asia, with alaska miles – a true sweet spot if there ever was!
thank you for your excellent review of your toronto to bombay trip. this is exactly what i wish to do in february 2019. at this moment i am busy accumulating alaska mileage points. i find “looking at ba or qantas to find available business class seating on cathay pacific very confusing” would you kindly share the process with me/us.
hi joseph, cathay award availability does not show up when you search on alaska. you have to call allaska to book award flights on cathay. but cathay awards do show up on ba or qantas programs. so sign up for ba and qantas frequent flyer programs and search for yyz-hkg and hen hkg-bom (one segment at a time). if you see cathay flights available on ba or qantas, call alaska and give them those exact flight time/number. they should be able to book them over phone.
hope this helps – cheers!
those main course portions look very small? did you find it adequate ?
main course by itself wouldnt not do it but the 3-4 course meal was more than adequate..i was stuffed!


text:
Data is largely taken from the Exoplanet Orbit Database, the Extrasolar Planet Encyclopedia and from the Open Exoplanet Catalogue although I also use published papers, NASA websites and other sources. Before reading further, you may find it helpful to read about planet-naming conventions and about the various methods used to detect exoplanets.
Kepler-37 b is probably similar to the planet Mercury in our own Solar System although it is even smaller and hotter. This planet was discovered in 2013 and has a radius of just 1900 km. This compares to 6371 km for the Earth, 2440 km for Mercury and 1737 km for our Moon. This tiny world orbits just 15 million km from a star that’s a little smaller than the Sun and she shares her planetary system with at least two other worlds.
Mercury as seen by NASA’s Messenger spacecraft. Is this what Kepler-37 b looks like too?
Alien worlds come in all possible sizes. Planets just grade into stars and it’s hard to say where, exactly, the cut-off is between a large planet and a small star. To make matters even more complicated, planet masses have significant uncertainties and so there is much room for debate about whether any given large world should actually be classed instead as a brown dwarf (i.e. a small star). A good example is CT-Chamaeleontis b which is estimated to be 17 times more massive than Jupiter (i.e. 5400 times more massive than the Earth) and which orbits a young star 530 light years from Earth. This planet is so large and so far from its star (440 AU) that it is one of the few exoplanets that can be seen by direct imaging. It only appears as a point of light but, nevertheless, it can actually be seen.
CT-Chamaeleontis b and other “nearly-stellar” planets may be the most massive worlds but they don’t necessarily have the largest diameters. Hot Jupiters, planets about as large as Jupiter but orbiting very close to their host-stars, are inflated by the high temperatures so that they become significantly larger than they would otherwise be. The widest known such planet is HAT-P-32 b a planet with almost the same mass as Jupiter but twice its diameter. This world orbits a star, which is a little bigger and hotter than our own Sun, at an average distance of only 4 million km above the star’s surface. That’s less than a tenth of the distance between Mercury and the Sun and so this is a very hot, and heavily inflated, planet.
Interestingly, the measured diameter of HAT-P-32 b is very similar to the estimated size of massive planets like CT-Chamaeleontis b and so we can’t yet say whether, if you want to be the biggest of the planets, its better to be near your star or nearly-stellar.
Just over 4 light years away lies Alpha-Centauri, the nearest star to Earth, and one member of this triple-star system may have an Earth-sized planet. Alpha-Centauri Bb is 13% more massive than our planet and orbits a star which is only just a little smaller than our own Sun. However, don’t pack your bags yet for a journey to this near neighbour. It orbits just 6 million km from Alpha-Centauri B and so would be an uncomfortably hot place to visit. There’s also significant doubt about whether this world really exists at all since, at this relatively small size, planets are very hard to unambiguously detect by the RV technique used for its discovery. A more secure example of a nearby world is Epsilon-Eridani b, a Jupiter-like world orbiting a Sun-like star at almost a Jupiter-like distance. Epsilon-Eridani is just over ten light years from Earth.
In 2006, the Hubble Space Telescope was pointed at the Sagittarius Window for a week to look for transiting planets orbiting the 180 000 stars it could see there. These stars lie between us and the centre of our galaxy. This SWEEPS survey spotted several such transits and two of the planets orbited stars bright enough to allow their distance to be measured. One of these, SWEEPS-04, orbits a star that is 27 719 light years from Earth.
When it comes to weirdness, it would be hard to beat PSR-J1719-1438 b. This body is slightly heavier than Jupiter and orbits a neutron star every two and a quarter hours at a distance of less than 700 000 km. This may sound like a large distance but, if PSR-J1719-1438 was as large as our Sun, this planet would be orbiting just below the star’s surface! However, neutron stars are collapsed objects with the mass of a star compressed into a sphere just a few kilometres across. Collapse occurs during a supernova explosion and so this planet either survived that cataclysm or formed afterwards from the debris. The preferred explanation is that the planet was originally a star too but that its gaseous envelope was sucked onto the companion (probably causing the supernova). The remaining outer layers were either blown away by the supernova explosion or continued to trickle onto the neutron star afterwards. This left a stellar-core behind that is largely composed of carbon (an end product of stellar nucleosynthesis in smaller stars) which, given the strong gravity of any stellar mass object, is compressed to diamond. In fact, this planet has to be very dense since, otherwise, it would have been broken up by immense tidal forces generated by the neutron star. So a diamond-planet that used to be a star is the most plausible description we have of PSR-J1719-1438 b.
However, if we restrict ourselves to planets orbiting normal stars then the closest-in world found so far is Kepler-42 c, a planet a little smaller than Earth which orbits it’s sun twice a day at a distance of less than 900 thousand kilometres. That is still far enough to keep it well away from the surface of its rather small, red-dwarf, star whose radius is less than a fifth that of our Sun.
WD-0806-661 Bb is so far from her parent star that she takes 160 000 years to orbit it just once. To put it another way, this planet lies 64 times further away from its star than Pluto does from our Sun. It’s quite a big planet, too, being eight times heavier than Jupiter and so, if there happened to be a similar world orbiting in our own solar system, we would certainly have spotted it by now. Indeed WD-0806-661 Bb was discovered by direct imaging and so we can see it even though it lies 63 light years from Earth.
OGLE-2009-BLG-151 MOA-2009-232 b was discovered by gravitational microlensing and is a 7.5 Jupiter-mass planet orbiting a star which is less than 2% of the mass of our Sun. Although OGLE-2009-BLG-151 MOA-2009-232 b orbits it’s star three times closer than we do, our Sun still gives gives us 4000 times more light than this feeble star provides for the only planet discovered, so far, in this distant planetary system.
Imagine looking up to see a bloated, red-giant appearing 24 times bigger than our Sun looks to us. That would be the view from HD-208527 b, a planet ten times bigger than Jupiter orbiting a star 60% heavier than ours. This star is only 2 billion years old but, because of its high mass, it has already entered the red-giant stage of old-age. A billion years ago this would have been a normal star and its world would have been close to the habitable zone (it would actually have received about 40% more heat than Earth does). We can speculate that HD-208527 b may have had a Moon upon which life began but, even if it did, life has now become impossible under the fierce gaze of the engorged star.
One hundred and thirty light years away lies the star HD-10180 which may have nine planets. That’s more than our own solar system (which has 8 planets now that Pluto has been demoted). This star is very like the Sun but its planetary system is certainly not solar-system-like. Seven of these worlds are roughly the size of Neptune whilst the remaining two are slightly larger than the Earth. The system is also much more compact than our own with the most distant planets lying roughly where the asteroid belt does in our own solar system. Sadly, both of the Earth-mass worlds orbit very close to the star and are far too hot to be habitable. However, as is often the case with exoplanets, the detailed structure of this planetary system is hotly debated and not all experts agree that the evidence supports the existence of nine planets. For a less contentious example of a multi-planet system the best example is Kepler-11, a system of 6 planets circling a very Sun-like star. However, once again, the planetary architecture is quite unlike that of our solar system. The orbits of all six worlds would easily fit inside the orbit of Venus and, despite the fact that these planets are mostly just a little larger than the Earth, their densities suggest that they are not rocky worlds.
There are 17 known planetary systems which orbit binary stars. The best known of these, Kepler-16 b, was announced in 2011 and was widely compared to Tatooine, the planet from the movie Star Wars which also had two suns. However, PH-1 b (also known as Planet Hunters 1 b and Kepler-64 b) is the current champion since there are 4 stars in this system comprised of two pairs of binary stars with this planet orbiting one of these binary systems. PH-1 b was discovered by amateur astronomers looking at Kepler light curves provided by NASA as part of the Planet Hunters project. This was the first planet discovered by that project; what a way to start!
It’s important to distinguish circumbinary planets, which actually orbit both stars, from planets in binary (or multiple) systems which orbit just one of the stars. If non-circumbinary worlds are allowed in our search for the planet with most suns, then Gliese-667 C is also worth mentioning since this red dwarf star, which has seven planets, itself orbits around the more massive stars Gliese-667 A and Gliese-667 B. Planets in multi-star systems seem to attract comparison to science fiction since Gliese-667 Cc has been nick-named Vulcan after the planet from Star Trek which also orbited a member of a triple-star system. Gliese-667 Cc is at about the right distance from its star to be habitable but it’s also a bit on the heavy side since it weighs in at nearly 4 times the Earth’s mass. The strength of gravity on the surface of this world would be about 50% greater than on Earth (assuming it’s also a rocky planet) and, if Mr Spock came from Gliese-667 Cc, he’d have to be very strong but also probably rather squat. Think “Grumpy” from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs rather than Leonard Nimoy (or Zachary Quinto for the younger folks out there).
The youngest star with a planet, that I’ve been able to find an age for, is 2M-044144. This star is just one million years old and it’s unlikely that this record will be substantially beaten since, if our planetary formation theories are correct, it usually takes a few million years for planets to form. The planet itself is seven or eight times bigger than Jupiter and orbits almost as far away from its star as Uranus does from ours. This large size and separation has allowed 2M-044144 b’s discovery by direct imaging.
WASP-29 b orbits a star whose age has been estimated as fifteen billion years. That’s older than the Universe! However, the uncertainty in this age estimate is large (eight billion years) and so this isn’t really a problem. In any event, WASP-29 b is at least twice as old as our own planet and perhaps nearly as old as the Universe itself. This world is a classic Hot-Jupiter with a 3-day orbit around its star and a mass about that of Saturn. The surface temperature has been estimated at over 600 °C, as a result of proximity to the star, but perhaps there are other, more habitable, planets in this system that we haven’t yet detected. The idea, that there could be worlds in the Universe that have been inhabited far longer than our own, is a fascinating one.
We’re still waiting to find an Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a Sun-like star but, until we do, Gliese-581 g is widely regarded as the most Earth-like world. This planet orbits in the centre of its star’s habitable zone and is almost certainly a rocky planet as it is only about three-times more massive than the Earth. However, this is not yet a confirmed planet and may turn out to be an artefact in the data rather than a real world. Of the confirmed planets, Kepler-62 e and f are perhaps the most Earth-like as they too sit in the habitable zone and, with radiuses just 60% and 40% larger than Earth, are likely to be rocky planets.
Kepler-78 b orbits its Sun-like star every 8.5 hours at a distance of 1.5 million kilometres. The estimated temperature of this Earth-sized world is 2330 °C. However, this planet is almost certainly tidally-locked to its host star so that one side of the world permanently faces the sun. It’s quite possible that the other hemisphere is extremely cold if there is no atmosphere to transport heat.
You’d expect planets that orbit far from their parent-star to be the coolest ones. However, most of these more distal worlds are large planets discovered by direct imaging (see Biggest) and these are worlds that are close to becoming stars. Even Jupiter, in our own Solar System, radiates more heat than it receives from the Sun. So, for a cool planet, we’re looking for a planet which is not too big and which is also fairly distant from it’s sun. One possible candidate for the coldest known planet is Formalhaut Ab, a planet “only” three times heavier than Jupiter orbiting 177 AU from it’s star. Formalhout-A itself is, however, a very bright star which pumps out more than ten-times as much heat as our Sun does. Nevertheless, when you get 177 AU away, temperatures will still be very low even with such a bright host-star. Estimated temperatures depends upon many assumptions (in particular upon the albedo, whether there is any greenhouse effect and where we take the “surface” as being on a gaseous world) but a back-of-an-envelope calculation gives a temperature of -230 °C for Formalhaut Ab.

lowercased:
data is largely taken from the exoplanet orbit database, the extrasolar planet encyclopedia and from the open exoplanet catalogue although i also use published papers, nasa websites and other sources. before reading further, you may find it helpful to read about planet-naming conventions and about the various methods used to detect exoplanets.
kepler-37 b is probably similar to the planet mercury in our own solar system although it is even smaller and hotter. this planet was discovered in 2013 and has a radius of just 1900 km. this compares to 6371 km for the earth, 2440 km for mercury and 1737 km for our moon. this tiny world orbits just 15 million km from a star that’s a little smaller than the sun and she shares her planetary system with at least two other worlds.
mercury as seen by nasa’s messenger spacecraft. is this what kepler-37 b looks like too?
alien worlds come in all possible sizes. planets just grade into stars and it’s hard to say where, exactly, the cut-off is between a large planet and a small star. to make matters even more complicated, planet masses have significant uncertainties and so there is much room for debate about whether any given large world should actually be classed instead as a brown dwarf (i.e. a small star). a good example is ct-chamaeleontis b which is estimated to be 17 times more massive than jupiter (i.e. 5400 times more massive than the earth) and which orbits a young star 530 light years from earth. this planet is so large and so far from its star (440 au) that it is one of the few exoplanets that can be seen by direct imaging. it only appears as a point of light but, nevertheless, it can actually be seen.
ct-chamaeleontis b and other “nearly-stellar” planets may be the most massive worlds but they don’t necessarily have the largest diameters. hot jupiters, planets about as large as jupiter but orbiting very close to their host-stars, are inflated by the high temperatures so that they become significantly larger than they would otherwise be. the widest known such planet is hat-p-32 b a planet with almost the same mass as jupiter but twice its diameter. this world orbits a star, which is a little bigger and hotter than our own sun, at an average distance of only 4 million km above the star’s surface. that’s less than a tenth of the distance between mercury and the sun and so this is a very hot, and heavily inflated, planet.
interestingly, the measured diameter of hat-p-32 b is very similar to the estimated size of massive planets like ct-chamaeleontis b and so we can’t yet say whether, if you want to be the biggest of the planets, its better to be near your star or nearly-stellar.
just over 4 light years away lies alpha-centauri, the nearest star to earth, and one member of this triple-star system may have an earth-sized planet. alpha-centauri bb is 13% more massive than our planet and orbits a star which is only just a little smaller than our own sun. however, don’t pack your bags yet for a journey to this near neighbour. it orbits just 6 million km from alpha-centauri b and so would be an uncomfortably hot place to visit. there’s also significant doubt about whether this world really exists at all since, at this relatively small size, planets are very hard to unambiguously detect by the rv technique used for its discovery. a more secure example of a nearby world is epsilon-eridani b, a jupiter-like world orbiting a sun-like star at almost a jupiter-like distance. epsilon-eridani is just over ten light years from earth.
in 2006, the hubble space telescope was pointed at the sagittarius window for a week to look for transiting planets orbiting the 180 000 stars it could see there. these stars lie between us and the centre of our galaxy. this sweeps survey spotted several such transits and two of the planets orbited stars bright enough to allow their distance to be measured. one of these, sweeps-04, orbits a star that is 27 719 light years from earth.
when it comes to weirdness, it would be hard to beat psr-j1719-1438 b. this body is slightly heavier than jupiter and orbits a neutron star every two and a quarter hours at a distance of less than 700 000 km. this may sound like a large distance but, if psr-j1719-1438 was as large as our sun, this planet would be orbiting just below the star’s surface! however, neutron stars are collapsed objects with the mass of a star compressed into a sphere just a few kilometres across. collapse occurs during a supernova explosion and so this planet either survived that cataclysm or formed afterwards from the debris. the preferred explanation is that the planet was originally a star too but that its gaseous envelope was sucked onto the companion (probably causing the supernova). the remaining outer layers were either blown away by the supernova explosion or continued to trickle onto the neutron star afterwards. this left a stellar-core behind that is largely composed of carbon (an end product of stellar nucleosynthesis in smaller stars) which, given the strong gravity of any stellar mass object, is compressed to diamond. in fact, this planet has to be very dense since, otherwise, it would have been broken up by immense tidal forces generated by the neutron star. so a diamond-planet that used to be a star is the most plausible description we have of psr-j1719-1438 b.
however, if we restrict ourselves to planets orbiting normal stars then the closest-in world found so far is kepler-42 c, a planet a little smaller than earth which orbits it’s sun twice a day at a distance of less than 900 thousand kilometres. that is still far enough to keep it well away from the surface of its rather small, red-dwarf, star whose radius is less than a fifth that of our sun.
wd-0806-661 bb is so far from her parent star that she takes 160 000 years to orbit it just once. to put it another way, this planet lies 64 times further away from its star than pluto does from our sun. it’s quite a big planet, too, being eight times heavier than jupiter and so, if there happened to be a similar world orbiting in our own solar system, we would certainly have spotted it by now. indeed wd-0806-661 bb was discovered by direct imaging and so we can see it even though it lies 63 light years from earth.
ogle-2009-blg-151 moa-2009-232 b was discovered by gravitational microlensing and is a 7.5 jupiter-mass planet orbiting a star which is less than 2% of the mass of our sun. although ogle-2009-blg-151 moa-2009-232 b orbits it’s star three times closer than we do, our sun still gives gives us 4000 times more light than this feeble star provides for the only planet discovered, so far, in this distant planetary system.
imagine looking up to see a bloated, red-giant appearing 24 times bigger than our sun looks to us. that would be the view from hd-208527 b, a planet ten times bigger than jupiter orbiting a star 60% heavier than ours. this star is only 2 billion years old but, because of its high mass, it has already entered the red-giant stage of old-age. a billion years ago this would have been a normal star and its world would have been close to the habitable zone (it would actually have received about 40% more heat than earth does). we can speculate that hd-208527 b may have had a moon upon which life began but, even if it did, life has now become impossible under the fierce gaze of the engorged star.
one hundred and thirty light years away lies the star hd-10180 which may have nine planets. that’s more than our own solar system (which has 8 planets now that pluto has been demoted). this star is very like the sun but its planetary system is certainly not solar-system-like. seven of these worlds are roughly the size of neptune whilst the remaining two are slightly larger than the earth. the system is also much more compact than our own with the most distant planets lying roughly where the asteroid belt does in our own solar system. sadly, both of the earth-mass worlds orbit very close to the star and are far too hot to be habitable. however, as is often the case with exoplanets, the detailed structure of this planetary system is hotly debated and not all experts agree that the evidence supports the existence of nine planets. for a less contentious example of a multi-planet system the best example is kepler-11, a system of 6 planets circling a very sun-like star. however, once again, the planetary architecture is quite unlike that of our solar system. the orbits of all six worlds would easily fit inside the orbit of venus and, despite the fact that these planets are mostly just a little larger than the earth, their densities suggest that they are not rocky worlds.
there are 17 known planetary systems which orbit binary stars. the best known of these, kepler-16 b, was announced in 2011 and was widely compared to tatooine, the planet from the movie star wars which also had two suns. however, ph-1 b (also known as planet hunters 1 b and kepler-64 b) is the current champion since there are 4 stars in this system comprised of two pairs of binary stars with this planet orbiting one of these binary systems. ph-1 b was discovered by amateur astronomers looking at kepler light curves provided by nasa as part of the planet hunters project. this was the first planet discovered by that project; what a way to start!
it’s important to distinguish circumbinary planets, which actually orbit both stars, from planets in binary (or multiple) systems which orbit just one of the stars. if non-circumbinary worlds are allowed in our search for the planet with most suns, then gliese-667 c is also worth mentioning since this red dwarf star, which has seven planets, itself orbits around the more massive stars gliese-667 a and gliese-667 b. planets in multi-star systems seem to attract comparison to science fiction since gliese-667 cc has been nick-named vulcan after the planet from star trek which also orbited a member of a triple-star system. gliese-667 cc is at about the right distance from its star to be habitable but it’s also a bit on the heavy side since it weighs in at nearly 4 times the earth’s mass. the strength of gravity on the surface of this world would be about 50% greater than on earth (assuming it’s also a rocky planet) and, if mr spock came from gliese-667 cc, he’d have to be very strong but also probably rather squat. think “grumpy” from snow white and the seven dwarfs rather than leonard nimoy (or zachary quinto for the younger folks out there).
the youngest star with a planet, that i’ve been able to find an age for, is 2m-044144. this star is just one million years old and it’s unlikely that this record will be substantially beaten since, if our planetary formation theories are correct, it usually takes a few million years for planets to form. the planet itself is seven or eight times bigger than jupiter and orbits almost as far away from its star as uranus does from ours. this large size and separation has allowed 2m-044144 b’s discovery by direct imaging.
wasp-29 b orbits a star whose age has been estimated as fifteen billion years. that’s older than the universe! however, the uncertainty in this age estimate is large (eight billion years) and so this isn’t really a problem. in any event, wasp-29 b is at least twice as old as our own planet and perhaps nearly as old as the universe itself. this world is a classic hot-jupiter with a 3-day orbit around its star and a mass about that of saturn. the surface temperature has been estimated at over 600 °c, as a result of proximity to the star, but perhaps there are other, more habitable, planets in this system that we haven’t yet detected. the idea, that there could be worlds in the universe that have been inhabited far longer than our own, is a fascinating one.
we’re still waiting to find an earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a sun-like star but, until we do, gliese-581 g is widely regarded as the most earth-like world. this planet orbits in the centre of its star’s habitable zone and is almost certainly a rocky planet as it is only about three-times more massive than the earth. however, this is not yet a confirmed planet and may turn out to be an artefact in the data rather than a real world. of the confirmed planets, kepler-62 e and f are perhaps the most earth-like as they too sit in the habitable zone and, with radiuses just 60% and 40% larger than earth, are likely to be rocky planets.
kepler-78 b orbits its sun-like star every 8.5 hours at a distance of 1.5 million kilometres. the estimated temperature of this earth-sized world is 2330 °c. however, this planet is almost certainly tidally-locked to its host star so that one side of the world permanently faces the sun. it’s quite possible that the other hemisphere is extremely cold if there is no atmosphere to transport heat.
you’d expect planets that orbit far from their parent-star to be the coolest ones. however, most of these more distal worlds are large planets discovered by direct imaging (see biggest) and these are worlds that are close to becoming stars. even jupiter, in our own solar system, radiates more heat than it receives from the sun. so, for a cool planet, we’re looking for a planet which is not too big and which is also fairly distant from it’s sun. one possible candidate for the coldest known planet is formalhaut ab, a planet “only” three times heavier than jupiter orbiting 177 au from it’s star. formalhout-a itself is, however, a very bright star which pumps out more than ten-times as much heat as our sun does. nevertheless, when you get 177 au away, temperatures will still be very low even with such a bright host-star. estimated temperatures depends upon many assumptions (in particular upon the albedo, whether there is any greenhouse effect and where we take the “surface” as being on a gaseous world) but a back-of-an-envelope calculation gives a temperature of -230 °c for formalhaut ab.


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lowercased:
if you’re in need of new doors for your business or home, then look no further than empire industrial doors. we are providers of the best shutters and fire doors fareham customers can get and are proud to extend our services across the south of england. for more information on our excellent products, and to get a free quote, give us a call on 023 8061 0676 or email us at info@empireindustrialdoors.co.uk today.
here at empire industrial doors, we specialise in providing customers with a range of doors and shutters that are suitable for both domestic and commercial use. with a decades experience in the industry, we have quickly risen through the ranks to become one of the best providers of fire doors fareham customers have available.
we are pleased to say that our business operates throughout the south of england and reaches out to customers in places such as fareham. fire doors are an essential item for many companies, and we want to make ours as widely available as possible. we operate on such a large scale because we believe it is vital to go the extra mile for our customers to provide them with what they need.
these are only a fraction of the products that we sell other than fire doors. fareham customers will be amazed at the variety that we have available and are sure to find what they’re looking for. we understand that all businesses have different needs, which is why we try to cater to as many customers as possible. that is why it’s vital that we at empire industrial doors always have a wide range of products on offer.
with specific regard to our fire shutters and doors, we offer many products that are suitable to provide adequate protection. our lps 1175 approved doors, for example, are perfect for providing sufficient fire resistance as well as deterring potential burglars. these particular models are some of the best fire doors in fareham.
we also offer a range of fire shutters that have been successfully tested to provide protection for a minimum of 60 minutes. this kind of time window is vital when evacuating customers and employees as well as to alert the proper authorities. this feature is just further evidence of how our fareham fire doors are important safety products that demand the attention of employers looking to keep their workers safe.
our fire doors are rigorously tested by us to make sure that they are performing to an acceptable standard. one of the primary purposes of installing such a door is to make sure that they are going to prove useful in an emergency. it is because of this strict quality control that we are considered to be the best provider of fire doors fareham can get.
at empire industrial doors, we understand that when things do go wrong with your doors or shutters, it can be detrimental for business. that is why we offer a comprehensive 24-hour emergency call out service should there be a problem with you fire doors. fareham customers can then rest assured knowing that in the event of a door malfunction, we’re always a phone call away.
aside from our excellent products though, we are determined to provide our clients with first class customer service. it is for this reason that our staff and are always courteous and friendly throughout the process of your order and installation. their hard work and effort is the reason why we are renowned within the industry.
so, get in touch with empire industrial doors today if you’re looking for safe and reliable fire doors. fareham customers will be blown away by our high-quality service and a premium selection of products. give us a call now on 023 8061 0676 or email us at info@empireindustrialdoors.co.uk. a member of our friendly team will be happy to go through any queries that you may have and provide you with a free quote.


text:
The main specialization of Professor Bereznitsky is the surgical treatment of diseases of the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space.
Head of the modern surgery Clinic "Garvis"
Laparoscopic and open abdominal surgery, bariatric surgery, phlebology, hernia surgery.
Surgical experience since 1973, in the Clinic "Garvis" has been working since 1997.
bariatric patients for more than 9 years.
- Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine.
- Laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology.
He passed an internship in Germany, Israel, Canada, participated in European and international congresses.
Author of 380 scientific works, 22 monographs, textbooks, manuals and handbooks for practical doctors.

lowercased:
the main specialization of professor bereznitsky is the surgical treatment of diseases of the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space.
head of the modern surgery clinic "garvis"
laparoscopic and open abdominal surgery, bariatric surgery, phlebology, hernia surgery.
surgical experience since 1973, in the clinic "garvis" has been working since 1997.
bariatric patients for more than 9 years.
- honored worker of science and technology of ukraine.
- laureate of the state prize of ukraine in the field of science and technology.
he passed an internship in germany, israel, canada, participated in european and international congresses.
author of 380 scientific works, 22 monographs, textbooks, manuals and handbooks for practical doctors.


text:
It's been fun selling my short story. All the promo that goes along with the sale has been eye-opening. Not that I mind. I like talking about Diary of a Narcissistic Bloodsucker. And I enjoy that people seem to like the title (and the story). It's great to get good feedback.
I went to a author's panel last night in Denver. Rocky Mountain Fiction Writers (presenting a big conference this September) sponsored the talk with three well-known, successful authors talking about how they "did it." Highly motivational. And frustrating.
But both the sale and the panel made me think about my progress since I started writing fiction about 2.5 years ago.
I have several other short stories in progress.
Not too bad for 2.5 years. OK. I guess I can stop torturing myself.

lowercased:
it's been fun selling my short story. all the promo that goes along with the sale has been eye-opening. not that i mind. i like talking about diary of a narcissistic bloodsucker. and i enjoy that people seem to like the title (and the story). it's great to get good feedback.
i went to a author's panel last night in denver. rocky mountain fiction writers (presenting a big conference this september) sponsored the talk with three well-known, successful authors talking about how they "did it." highly motivational. and frustrating.
but both the sale and the panel made me think about my progress since i started writing fiction about 2.5 years ago.
i have several other short stories in progress.
not too bad for 2.5 years. ok. i guess i can stop torturing myself.


text:
Fortune favors the bold. Except when it comes to standardized testing.
Plausible deniability is everything, man.

lowercased:
fortune favors the bold. except when it comes to standardized testing.
plausible deniability is everything, man.


text:
Today, I’m gonna share with you another show that I love watching; The Story Keeppers.
The Story Keeppers is an animated Christian video series Created by Andrew Melrose and Brian D. Brown, produced by Zondervan from 1995 to 1997 in America and Ireland. It tells the story of a Christian leader, his wife, and his foster children’s adventures living in Rome, Italy. Their mission is to keep Jesus’ stories alive during the 1st century. The series consists of thirteen episodes, and features two full-length movies that are compilations of the last four episodes.
From watching the series, it made me realise how difficult it was to live as Christians. Because of their faith in Jesus, they had to run and hide. Some of them died because of what they believed in.
Jesus (Saviour/rescuer) Christ (the Messiah/chosen one) was the Jews and Gentiles’ only hope. He too, is my hope. For I have the same faith, in the same Jesus who died on the cross and rose again. Now He is in my heart and mind.
To me, Jesus was my hero. I cannot tell you enough how much I love Him. But my dear Readers, if you stumbled to read this, know that Christ has died for you too. Your faith in Him will save you from condemnation and you will have eternal life in heaven. Yes, that is my hope… And I’m sharing my hope with you.

lowercased:
today, i’m gonna share with you another show that i love watching; the story keeppers.
the story keeppers is an animated christian video series created by andrew melrose and brian d. brown, produced by zondervan from 1995 to 1997 in america and ireland. it tells the story of a christian leader, his wife, and his foster children’s adventures living in rome, italy. their mission is to keep jesus’ stories alive during the 1st century. the series consists of thirteen episodes, and features two full-length movies that are compilations of the last four episodes.
from watching the series, it made me realise how difficult it was to live as christians. because of their faith in jesus, they had to run and hide. some of them died because of what they believed in.
jesus (saviour/rescuer) christ (the messiah/chosen one) was the jews and gentiles’ only hope. he too, is my hope. for i have the same faith, in the same jesus who died on the cross and rose again. now he is in my heart and mind.
to me, jesus was my hero. i cannot tell you enough how much i love him. but my dear readers, if you stumbled to read this, know that christ has died for you too. your faith in him will save you from condemnation and you will have eternal life in heaven. yes, that is my hope… and i’m sharing my hope with you.


text: Restaurant New Doge is an emblem, a living past with a great future. For Friuli the Villa Manin in Passariano represents the doors of paradise, the home. With traditional flavors, with fresh food, innovative but at the same time linked to rhythms and ancient charm.

lowercased: restaurant new doge is an emblem, a living past with a great future. for friuli the villa manin in passariano represents the doors of paradise, the home. with traditional flavors, with fresh food, innovative but at the same time linked to rhythms and ancient charm.


text:
IBS, or IBS, is a condition in which the colon becomes extremely sensitive. As a result, the patient may experience constipation or diarrhea or may switch between both. Other symptoms are gas, nausea, pain, and cramps in the stomach.
Researchers have not yet determined what the causes of IBS are. Some opinions have been formed. One is that the brain is sending out signals to the colon, causing the intestines to either squeeze too quickly, causing diarrhea, or squeeze too slowly, causing constipation. Another opinion is that some people have unusually sensitive intestines. The intestines may react badly to certain foods or antibiotics. Or they may be affected by anxiety, stress or hormonal changes during menstruation.
Roughly 15% of the U.S. population has IBS at some stage in their lives. Teenagers experience this first. There is 50% more ladies than men experiencing IBS. Many people who have IBS are under stress. There has been no known IBS cases that damaged the gut or caused cancer, however the condition is distressing. The individual having IBS might get depression or hemorrhoids if the condition does not get better quickly.
Medical doctors agree that IBS develops because of a neurological issue. The brain sends messages to the intestines, and vice versa. If you are under strain your brain fires either too few signals or too many to intestine muscles. This problem causes the intestine muscles to move food through the intestines too slowly or too quickly. The person will suffer from diarrhea and painful cramps or bloating and constipation because of it. Individuals with sleep problems, anxiety, and stress may get IBS.
Individuals most likely go for OTC medications that fix constipation or diarrhea but only temporarily. The relief is not long-lasting. It does not address the underlining problem. Since IBS is strongly connected to stress and anxiety a physician may prescribe an anti-anxiety drug. There are people who become drug dependent on these drugs even after the IBS is gone. Be sure you know exactly what chemicals are in the drug, so you know what drawbacks you get from taking them.
If you use Bavolex diligently and follow the tips in our eBook, you will notice a substantial improvement within several days. We want to make our customers happy and healthy, and that's why we offer a 60-day money back guarantee. Our promise is simple: If you don't see great improvement, we don't want your money!
Manufacturing safe products is our top priority. Bavolex™ contains only natural extracts from herbs and plants that are generally considered safe. Our customers have been using Bavolex every day since 2009, and so far no adverse events (side effects) have been reported. As with other products we recommend that you don't use Bavolex products if you are pregnant or nursing because the effects on fetus have not been tested. You should not take Bavolex if you are using blood thinning medication or antidepressants.
"Bavolex IBS Relief Formula is herbal supplement formulated with natural extracts and enzymes to help control IBS symptoms.*"
Learn 20 tips to stop IBS attacks for good. These tips cover ways to prevent an IBS attack, diet, and stress reduction. This valuable eBook is a lesson on simple lifestyle changes.
A priceless information for anyone who wants to stop IBS.

lowercased:
ibs, or ibs, is a condition in which the colon becomes extremely sensitive. as a result, the patient may experience constipation or diarrhea or may switch between both. other symptoms are gas, nausea, pain, and cramps in the stomach.
researchers have not yet determined what the causes of ibs are. some opinions have been formed. one is that the brain is sending out signals to the colon, causing the intestines to either squeeze too quickly, causing diarrhea, or squeeze too slowly, causing constipation. another opinion is that some people have unusually sensitive intestines. the intestines may react badly to certain foods or antibiotics. or they may be affected by anxiety, stress or hormonal changes during menstruation.
roughly 15% of the u.s. population has ibs at some stage in their lives. teenagers experience this first. there is 50% more ladies than men experiencing ibs. many people who have ibs are under stress. there has been no known ibs cases that damaged the gut or caused cancer, however the condition is distressing. the individual having ibs might get depression or hemorrhoids if the condition does not get better quickly.
medical doctors agree that ibs develops because of a neurological issue. the brain sends messages to the intestines, and vice versa. if you are under strain your brain fires either too few signals or too many to intestine muscles. this problem causes the intestine muscles to move food through the intestines too slowly or too quickly. the person will suffer from diarrhea and painful cramps or bloating and constipation because of it. individuals with sleep problems, anxiety, and stress may get ibs.
individuals most likely go for otc medications that fix constipation or diarrhea but only temporarily. the relief is not long-lasting. it does not address the underlining problem. since ibs is strongly connected to stress and anxiety a physician may prescribe an anti-anxiety drug. there are people who become drug dependent on these drugs even after the ibs is gone. be sure you know exactly what chemicals are in the drug, so you know what drawbacks you get from taking them.
if you use bavolex diligently and follow the tips in our ebook, you will notice a substantial improvement within several days. we want to make our customers happy and healthy, and that's why we offer a 60-day money back guarantee. our promise is simple: if you don't see great improvement, we don't want your money!
manufacturing safe products is our top priority. bavolex™ contains only natural extracts from herbs and plants that are generally considered safe. our customers have been using bavolex every day since 2009, and so far no adverse events (side effects) have been reported. as with other products we recommend that you don't use bavolex products if you are pregnant or nursing because the effects on fetus have not been tested. you should not take bavolex if you are using blood thinning medication or antidepressants.
"bavolex ibs relief formula is herbal supplement formulated with natural extracts and enzymes to help control ibs symptoms.*"
learn 20 tips to stop ibs attacks for good. these tips cover ways to prevent an ibs attack, diet, and stress reduction. this valuable ebook is a lesson on simple lifestyle changes.
a priceless information for anyone who wants to stop ibs.


text:
The ASC Board also named its roster of officers for 2018-2019, including Bill Bennett, John Simmons and Cynthia Pusheck as vice presidents; Levie Isaacks as treasurer; David Darby as secretary; and Isidore Mankofsky as sergeant-at-arms.
Van Oostrum has earned two Primetime Emmy® nominations for his work on the telefilms Miss Rose White and Return to Lonesome Dove. His peers chose the latter for a 1994 ASC Outstanding Achievement Award. Additional ASC Award nominations for his television credits came for The Burden of Proof, Medusa’s Child, and Spartacus. He also shot the Emmy®-winning documentary The Last Chance.
The 2018-2019 Board who voted in this election include: John Bailey, Paul Cameron, Russell Carpenter, Curtis Clark, Dean Cundey, George Spiro Dibie, Stephen Lighthill, Lowell Peterson, Roberto Schaefer, John Toll, and Amelia Vincent. Alternate Board members are Karl-Walter Lindenlaub, Stephen Burum, David Darby, Charlie Lieberman, and Eric Steelberg.
For additional information about the ASC, visit www.theasc.com.

lowercased:
the asc board also named its roster of officers for 2018-2019, including bill bennett, john simmons and cynthia pusheck as vice presidents; levie isaacks as treasurer; david darby as secretary; and isidore mankofsky as sergeant-at-arms.
van oostrum has earned two primetime emmy® nominations for his work on the telefilms miss rose white and return to lonesome dove. his peers chose the latter for a 1994 asc outstanding achievement award. additional asc award nominations for his television credits came for the burden of proof, medusa’s child, and spartacus. he also shot the emmy®-winning documentary the last chance.
the 2018-2019 board who voted in this election include: john bailey, paul cameron, russell carpenter, curtis clark, dean cundey, george spiro dibie, stephen lighthill, lowell peterson, roberto schaefer, john toll, and amelia vincent. alternate board members are karl-walter lindenlaub, stephen burum, david darby, charlie lieberman, and eric steelberg.
for additional information about the asc, visit www.theasc.com.


text:
What Parameters Are Needed to Properly Size Control Valves?
A control valve should be sized to allow for operation between 60% and 80% open at the maximum required flow rate and approximately 30% open at the minimum required flow rate. For optimal operation and life expectancy, the valve should be within the range of 30% to 80% open. Anything outside of that range could cause premature wear on the internal components. When kept in ideal range (30% to 80% ) the valve’s life span and performance are optimized while associated costs are minimized.
What Are the Consequences of Incorrect Valve Sizing?
Incorrect valve sizing can result in unnecessary, rapid wear on the internal components, and can also cause valve chattering and, in some cases, catastrophic damage. At the very least, improper initial sizing can force users to start from scratch in order to correct the problem. This can result in loss of production time, an increase in labor, additional costs for shipping and associated expenses, and, if the original product can’t be returned, cost increases for the end products themselves.
At Baelz North America, we have assisted our customers with sizing their valves properly, allowing our customers to optimize performance and longevity. For this reason, we prefer that our clients send us all relevant information prior to ordering valves so we can assist with sizing from the start. We can provide our recommendations within 24 hours of the request.
What’s Involved in the Baelz Valve Sizing Process?
Operating temperature — The operating-temperature at the valves location.
Maximum CV (if known) — Flow coefficient (or CV) is a universal capacity index defined simply as the per-minute amount of 60 °F water (measured in U.S. gallons) that will flow through a valve with a drop in pressure of 1 psi.
Operating pressure — The maximum psi/bar at the valve.
Type of fluid and specific gravity (if known) — The type fluid used can determine special requirements that the valve may need.
Our valves can support a wide range of special process needs, including chemicals and hazardous materials, and can easily handle heavier flows with the use of special cage plugs and stainless-steel bodies if needed. Cage plugs have holes which go through the plug to manage higher flows which will extend the life of the valve by reducing wear.
As the official North American supplier of industry-leading valves and valve components from Baelz Automatic, Baelz North America is proud to offer a wide range of valve solutions to meet specific application needs. Our expert team is well-versed in valve sizing and can work with you to insure that you select the ideal size for your unique job.
For more information on control valves or for help in sizing your control valve, contact the team today. And for tips on how to avoid valve chatter due to improper orientation, download our free guide.

lowercased:
what parameters are needed to properly size control valves?
a control valve should be sized to allow for operation between 60% and 80% open at the maximum required flow rate and approximately 30% open at the minimum required flow rate. for optimal operation and life expectancy, the valve should be within the range of 30% to 80% open. anything outside of that range could cause premature wear on the internal components. when kept in ideal range (30% to 80% ) the valve’s life span and performance are optimized while associated costs are minimized.
what are the consequences of incorrect valve sizing?
incorrect valve sizing can result in unnecessary, rapid wear on the internal components, and can also cause valve chattering and, in some cases, catastrophic damage. at the very least, improper initial sizing can force users to start from scratch in order to correct the problem. this can result in loss of production time, an increase in labor, additional costs for shipping and associated expenses, and, if the original product can’t be returned, cost increases for the end products themselves.
at baelz north america, we have assisted our customers with sizing their valves properly, allowing our customers to optimize performance and longevity. for this reason, we prefer that our clients send us all relevant information prior to ordering valves so we can assist with sizing from the start. we can provide our recommendations within 24 hours of the request.
what’s involved in the baelz valve sizing process?
operating temperature — the operating-temperature at the valves location.
maximum cv (if known) — flow coefficient (or cv) is a universal capacity index defined simply as the per-minute amount of 60 °f water (measured in u.s. gallons) that will flow through a valve with a drop in pressure of 1 psi.
operating pressure — the maximum psi/bar at the valve.
type of fluid and specific gravity (if known) — the type fluid used can determine special requirements that the valve may need.
our valves can support a wide range of special process needs, including chemicals and hazardous materials, and can easily handle heavier flows with the use of special cage plugs and stainless-steel bodies if needed. cage plugs have holes which go through the plug to manage higher flows which will extend the life of the valve by reducing wear.
as the official north american supplier of industry-leading valves and valve components from baelz automatic, baelz north america is proud to offer a wide range of valve solutions to meet specific application needs. our expert team is well-versed in valve sizing and can work with you to insure that you select the ideal size for your unique job.
for more information on control valves or for help in sizing your control valve, contact the team today. and for tips on how to avoid valve chatter due to improper orientation, download our free guide.