text:
The original Planet of the Apes is a classic in science fiction filmmaking and it took been ten years to recover from Tim Burton's disastrous remake before screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver found a way to reboot the series with a prequel to the original masterpiece.
In this episode of The 602 Club host Matthew Rushing is joined by Brandon-Shea Mutala to talk about Rise of the Planet of the Apes. We discuss our experiences and expectations, franchises, control, love and hubris, the power of betrayal, the cast, bringing the apes to life, the soundtrack, ending and our ratings.
At the end of Arrow season four, Oliver and Felicity literally road off into the sunset after he defeated Ra's al Ghul and the League of Assassins to start a new life together, but did it last?
In this episode of The 602 Club host Matthew Rushing welcomes Alice Baker to talk about Arrow Season 4. We discuss our first impressions, Damien Darhk, the Green Arrow, bookending, the darkness within, the team and our ratings.
Bond movies always seem to have a troubled production and after The Man With the Golden Gun, the production of the next film saw it's fair share as the team of Saltzman and Broccoli dissolved in the wake of Saltzman's financial troubles, the movie had a title without a plot and finding a director was not as easy as they thought it would be.
In this episode of The 602 Club host Matthew Rushing is joined by 00 agents Christy Morris and John Champion to talk about The Spy Who Loved Me. We pay tribute to Sir Roger Moore, discuss continuing Bond, the story, the climax, villain and henchman, a new Bond Woman, free for all and our ratings.
The character of Wonder Woman has existed in the culture zeitgeist for over 75 years and yet it is only now, in 2017, that she has been brought to the big screen in her first solo movie.
In this episode of The 602 Club host Matthew Rushing is joined by Bethany Blanton and Richard Marquez to talk about DC Comics' latest film Wonder Woman. We discuss our expectations, the heart of the movie, the characters, the villains, the God of War, listening, a time to fight and a time for love, responsibility, the movie and our ratings.

lowercased:
the original planet of the apes is a classic in science fiction filmmaking and it took been ten years to recover from tim burton's disastrous remake before screenwriters rick jaffa and amanda silver found a way to reboot the series with a prequel to the original masterpiece.
in this episode of the 602 club host matthew rushing is joined by brandon-shea mutala to talk about rise of the planet of the apes. we discuss our experiences and expectations, franchises, control, love and hubris, the power of betrayal, the cast, bringing the apes to life, the soundtrack, ending and our ratings.
at the end of arrow season four, oliver and felicity literally road off into the sunset after he defeated ra's al ghul and the league of assassins to start a new life together, but did it last?
in this episode of the 602 club host matthew rushing welcomes alice baker to talk about arrow season 4. we discuss our first impressions, damien darhk, the green arrow, bookending, the darkness within, the team and our ratings.
bond movies always seem to have a troubled production and after the man with the golden gun, the production of the next film saw it's fair share as the team of saltzman and broccoli dissolved in the wake of saltzman's financial troubles, the movie had a title without a plot and finding a director was not as easy as they thought it would be.
in this episode of the 602 club host matthew rushing is joined by 00 agents christy morris and john champion to talk about the spy who loved me. we pay tribute to sir roger moore, discuss continuing bond, the story, the climax, villain and henchman, a new bond woman, free for all and our ratings.
the character of wonder woman has existed in the culture zeitgeist for over 75 years and yet it is only now, in 2017, that she has been brought to the big screen in her first solo movie.
in this episode of the 602 club host matthew rushing is joined by bethany blanton and richard marquez to talk about dc comics' latest film wonder woman. we discuss our expectations, the heart of the movie, the characters, the villains, the god of war, listening, a time to fight and a time for love, responsibility, the movie and our ratings.


text:
The main difference between Hadoop and Spark is that the Hadoop is an Apache open source framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models while Spark is a cluster computing framework designed for fast Hadoop computation.
Big data refers to the collection of data that has a massive volume, velocity and variety. Hence, it is not possible to use traditional data storing and processing methods to analyse big data. Hadoop is a software to store and handle big data effectively and efficiently. But, Spark, on the other hand, is an Apache framework to increase the computing speed of Hadoop. It can handle both batch and real-time analytics and data processing workloads.
Hadoop is an open source framework developed by Apache Software Foundation. It is used to store big data in a distributed environment in order to process them simultaneously. Also, it provides distributed storage and computation across clusters of computers. Furthermore, there are four major components in Hadoop architecture. They are; Hadoop File Distributed System (HDFS), Hadoop MapReduce, Hadoop common and Hadoop YARN.
HDFS is the Hadoop storage system. It works according to the master-slave architecture. The master node manages the file system metadata. The other computers work as the slave nodes or data nodes. Also, the data is divided among these data nodes. Likewise, the Hadoop MapReduce contains the algorithm to process data. Here, the master node runs map-reduce jobs on slave nodes. And, the slave node completes the tasks and sends the results back to the master node. Additionally, Hadoop Common provides Java libraries and utilities to support the other components. On the other hand, the Hadoop YARN performs cluster resource management and job scheduling.
Spark is an Apache framework to increase the computing speed of Hadoop. It helps Hadoop to reduce the waiting time between queries and to minimize the waiting time to run the program.
Spark SQL, Spark Streaming, MLib, GraphX and Apache Spark Core are the major components of Spark.
Spark Core – All functionalities are built on Spark Core. It is the general execution engine for spark platform. It provides in-memory computing and referencing datasets in external storage systems.
Spark SQL – Provides SchemaRDD that support structured and semi-structured data.
Spark Streaming – Provides capabilities to perform streaming analytics.
MLib – A distributed machine learning framework. Spark MLib is faster than Hadoop disk-based version of Apache Mahout.
GraphX – A distributed graph processing framework. It provides an API for expressing graph computation that can model the user-defined graphs using Pregel abstraction API.
Hadoop is an Apache open source framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. Apache Spark is an open-source distributed general-purpose cluster-computing framework. Thus, this explains the main difference between Hadoop and Spark.
Speed is another difference between Hadoop and Spark. Spark performs faster than Hadoop.
Hadoop uses replication of data in multiple copies to achieve fault tolerance. Spark uses Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) for fault tolerance.
Another difference between Hadoop and Spark is that the Spark provides a variety of APIs that can be used with multiple data sources and languages. Also, they are more extensible than Hadoop APIs.
Hadoop is used to manage data storing and processing of big data applications running in clustered systems. Spark is used to boost the Hadoop computational process. Hence, this is also an important difference between Hadoop and Spark.
In conclusion, the difference between Hadoop and Spark is that the Hadoop is an Apache open source framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models while Spark is a cluster computing framework, designed for fast Hadoop computation. Both can be used for applications based on predictive analytics, data mining, machine learning and many more.
1. “Hadoop – Introduction to Hadoop.” Www.tutorialspoint.com, Tutorials Point, Available here.
2. “Apache Spark Introduction.” Www.tutorialspoint.com, Tutorials Point, Available here.

lowercased:
the main difference between hadoop and spark is that the hadoop is an apache open source framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models while spark is a cluster computing framework designed for fast hadoop computation.
big data refers to the collection of data that has a massive volume, velocity and variety. hence, it is not possible to use traditional data storing and processing methods to analyse big data. hadoop is a software to store and handle big data effectively and efficiently. but, spark, on the other hand, is an apache framework to increase the computing speed of hadoop. it can handle both batch and real-time analytics and data processing workloads.
hadoop is an open source framework developed by apache software foundation. it is used to store big data in a distributed environment in order to process them simultaneously. also, it provides distributed storage and computation across clusters of computers. furthermore, there are four major components in hadoop architecture. they are; hadoop file distributed system (hdfs), hadoop mapreduce, hadoop common and hadoop yarn.
hdfs is the hadoop storage system. it works according to the master-slave architecture. the master node manages the file system metadata. the other computers work as the slave nodes or data nodes. also, the data is divided among these data nodes. likewise, the hadoop mapreduce contains the algorithm to process data. here, the master node runs map-reduce jobs on slave nodes. and, the slave node completes the tasks and sends the results back to the master node. additionally, hadoop common provides java libraries and utilities to support the other components. on the other hand, the hadoop yarn performs cluster resource management and job scheduling.
spark is an apache framework to increase the computing speed of hadoop. it helps hadoop to reduce the waiting time between queries and to minimize the waiting time to run the program.
spark sql, spark streaming, mlib, graphx and apache spark core are the major components of spark.
spark core – all functionalities are built on spark core. it is the general execution engine for spark platform. it provides in-memory computing and referencing datasets in external storage systems.
spark sql – provides schemardd that support structured and semi-structured data.
spark streaming – provides capabilities to perform streaming analytics.
mlib – a distributed machine learning framework. spark mlib is faster than hadoop disk-based version of apache mahout.
graphx – a distributed graph processing framework. it provides an api for expressing graph computation that can model the user-defined graphs using pregel abstraction api.
hadoop is an apache open source framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. apache spark is an open-source distributed general-purpose cluster-computing framework. thus, this explains the main difference between hadoop and spark.
speed is another difference between hadoop and spark. spark performs faster than hadoop.
hadoop uses replication of data in multiple copies to achieve fault tolerance. spark uses resilient distributed dataset (rdd) for fault tolerance.
another difference between hadoop and spark is that the spark provides a variety of apis that can be used with multiple data sources and languages. also, they are more extensible than hadoop apis.
hadoop is used to manage data storing and processing of big data applications running in clustered systems. spark is used to boost the hadoop computational process. hence, this is also an important difference between hadoop and spark.
in conclusion, the difference between hadoop and spark is that the hadoop is an apache open source framework that allows distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models while spark is a cluster computing framework, designed for fast hadoop computation. both can be used for applications based on predictive analytics, data mining, machine learning and many more.
1. “hadoop – introduction to hadoop.” www.tutorialspoint.com, tutorials point, available here.
2. “apache spark introduction.” www.tutorialspoint.com, tutorials point, available here.


text:
Why do IT projects fail, and how can a strategic approach help you succeed? Let’s look at four common project pitfalls and how to avoid them.
The call to action is clear: Embrace the idea of digital transformation, if you want to remain secure and grow in today’s technology driven world.
The decision to buy or build software can be a difficult one to make, as it forces one to weigh both immediate needs and long-term plans for growth.
Who would have thought that readying for the 200-meter butterfly and creating a successful app would have so much in common?
I’d like to humbly suggest that educators consider more feature-rich apps that students, like me, would really make the most of.

lowercased:
why do it projects fail, and how can a strategic approach help you succeed? let’s look at four common project pitfalls and how to avoid them.
the call to action is clear: embrace the idea of digital transformation, if you want to remain secure and grow in today’s technology driven world.
the decision to buy or build software can be a difficult one to make, as it forces one to weigh both immediate needs and long-term plans for growth.
who would have thought that readying for the 200-meter butterfly and creating a successful app would have so much in common?
i’d like to humbly suggest that educators consider more feature-rich apps that students, like me, would really make the most of.


text:
It's your second c-section - what to expect when you are expecting to do it again. The second cesarean c-section doesn't have to be nerve-wracking.
Women wonder if their bodies can take the cesarean section surgery again and whether their babies will be safe. And having a c-section the first time does not always mean you need one again. Find out more having a baby after your first was delivered by c-section.
My first c-section was done after hours of intense labor. I was exhausted and the c-section was an emergency procedure. The second time around, my c-section was planned. However, I wound up going into labor early. This meant rushing to the gynecologist's office for a fast checkup and heading to the hospital right away. Though the second one was also unexpected, I was better prepared and had time to make some preparations. Plus, I was familiar with the surgery and felt less anxious. With your second c-section what to expect in the hospital is a breeze. But the aftermath is what might surprise you.
A second c-section often means you already have a child at home. Having your first baby is a time of wonder for everyone. Most of the people in your life are eager to help out and be part of the experience. The novelty wears off the second time around. Child care must be provided for your little one while you are in the hospital getting a c-section. You have another child to take care of when you get home. And you will be tired when you get home with your new baby. Unlike the first time around, you will have more work and fewer resources. Plan ahead and consider hiring a nurse or nanny to help out.
What is Vaginal Birth After C-Section (VBAC)?
Having one c-section does not necessarily mean you need to do it twice. A growing number of women are opting for a vaginal birth after c-section (VBAC). Discuss the risks and advantages with your doctor to make an educated choice. Be aware the recovery is different after a VBAC than a c-section. If something risky occurs, your recovery time could be longer than the time it takes to recover from a c-section. Live Science reports that of the babies born by a planned repeat c-section, 0.9 percent died or experienced complications. And 2.4 percent of the babies born by a planned VBAC after a c-section died or had serious complications. Plus women may face an increased risk of uterine rupture. There are many variables to consider. But many women find a VBAC is worth the risk.
Most women have a successful second c-section. However, the number of c-sections you can have is determined by your health care team. The circumstances of your past deliveries and current health play major roles. Plus, a c-section is major surgery. You will need time to recover after surgery. Your body should be ready to endure the rigors of surgery. Discuss adhesions and scars that could cause problems prior to getting pregnant. Know what to expect to take proper care of yourself and your baby.
Most women find it helpful to wait at least two years before having a second c-section. The good news is up to 80 percent of women find a c-section is easier the second time around. Mothers know what to expect, plan ahead, and take care of themselves for the best possible experience. Maintaining a healthy weight and exercising help. But there are always exceptions. Women with severe scarring or health issues might find a c-section more difficult the second time around.
With the second c-section, what to expect was unique for me. I changed doctors and hospitals because of a botched surgery the first time around. My mother was my coach rather than a doula or my husband. Her presence was incredibly comforting. I had an attentive doctor and went to a comfortable hospital. As a result, it felt like I gave birth at a resort. Even the food was delicious! But a successful experience made me over-confident. Less than two weeks after surgery, I tried to lift my son and go grocery shopping alone. This was against the advice of my doctor and family. I paid the price. My stitches opened and I had to spend time in bed. I learned no matter how good it goes, you need to slow down and take care of yourself.
Always have respect for your body and give it time to heal, even when you have a great experience the second time around. A second c-section can be a golden opportunity to grow your family and give your first child a new brother or sister. Many moms find these blessings are well worth the risks!

lowercased:
it's your second c-section - what to expect when you are expecting to do it again. the second cesarean c-section doesn't have to be nerve-wracking.
women wonder if their bodies can take the cesarean section surgery again and whether their babies will be safe. and having a c-section the first time does not always mean you need one again. find out more having a baby after your first was delivered by c-section.
my first c-section was done after hours of intense labor. i was exhausted and the c-section was an emergency procedure. the second time around, my c-section was planned. however, i wound up going into labor early. this meant rushing to the gynecologist's office for a fast checkup and heading to the hospital right away. though the second one was also unexpected, i was better prepared and had time to make some preparations. plus, i was familiar with the surgery and felt less anxious. with your second c-section what to expect in the hospital is a breeze. but the aftermath is what might surprise you.
a second c-section often means you already have a child at home. having your first baby is a time of wonder for everyone. most of the people in your life are eager to help out and be part of the experience. the novelty wears off the second time around. child care must be provided for your little one while you are in the hospital getting a c-section. you have another child to take care of when you get home. and you will be tired when you get home with your new baby. unlike the first time around, you will have more work and fewer resources. plan ahead and consider hiring a nurse or nanny to help out.
what is vaginal birth after c-section (vbac)?
having one c-section does not necessarily mean you need to do it twice. a growing number of women are opting for a vaginal birth after c-section (vbac). discuss the risks and advantages with your doctor to make an educated choice. be aware the recovery is different after a vbac than a c-section. if something risky occurs, your recovery time could be longer than the time it takes to recover from a c-section. live science reports that of the babies born by a planned repeat c-section, 0.9 percent died or experienced complications. and 2.4 percent of the babies born by a planned vbac after a c-section died or had serious complications. plus women may face an increased risk of uterine rupture. there are many variables to consider. but many women find a vbac is worth the risk.
most women have a successful second c-section. however, the number of c-sections you can have is determined by your health care team. the circumstances of your past deliveries and current health play major roles. plus, a c-section is major surgery. you will need time to recover after surgery. your body should be ready to endure the rigors of surgery. discuss adhesions and scars that could cause problems prior to getting pregnant. know what to expect to take proper care of yourself and your baby.
most women find it helpful to wait at least two years before having a second c-section. the good news is up to 80 percent of women find a c-section is easier the second time around. mothers know what to expect, plan ahead, and take care of themselves for the best possible experience. maintaining a healthy weight and exercising help. but there are always exceptions. women with severe scarring or health issues might find a c-section more difficult the second time around.
with the second c-section, what to expect was unique for me. i changed doctors and hospitals because of a botched surgery the first time around. my mother was my coach rather than a doula or my husband. her presence was incredibly comforting. i had an attentive doctor and went to a comfortable hospital. as a result, it felt like i gave birth at a resort. even the food was delicious! but a successful experience made me over-confident. less than two weeks after surgery, i tried to lift my son and go grocery shopping alone. this was against the advice of my doctor and family. i paid the price. my stitches opened and i had to spend time in bed. i learned no matter how good it goes, you need to slow down and take care of yourself.
always have respect for your body and give it time to heal, even when you have a great experience the second time around. a second c-section can be a golden opportunity to grow your family and give your first child a new brother or sister. many moms find these blessings are well worth the risks!


text:
1. Registrations have been flying in this week, the latest include: PSV Eindhoven, Adelaide Oval, Wembley Stadium, Columbus Crew, Tampa Bay Rays, Sydney Cricket Ground, Oracle Hospitality, Inter, RFL, Legends and many more.
2. Wasps CEO will be discussing the acquisition of Ricoh Arena and relocating the club. Full speaker line-up here.
3. Leading sports architects HOK are sponsoring the welcome reception on the 5* Hesperia Tower terrace – on the evening of 9th June. Drinks on them!
4. TheStadiumBusiness Awards 2015 shortlists are live.
5. Over 20 Heads of IT from Bundesliga clubs have joined VTECH15.
6. The Marketplace is set for a sell-out. Latest sign-ups include: Purple WiFi, Levy Restaurants, Tripleplay Services, Wincor-Nixdorf and more.

lowercased:
1. registrations have been flying in this week, the latest include: psv eindhoven, adelaide oval, wembley stadium, columbus crew, tampa bay rays, sydney cricket ground, oracle hospitality, inter, rfl, legends and many more.
2. wasps ceo will be discussing the acquisition of ricoh arena and relocating the club. full speaker line-up here.
3. leading sports architects hok are sponsoring the welcome reception on the 5* hesperia tower terrace – on the evening of 9th june. drinks on them!
4. thestadiumbusiness awards 2015 shortlists are live.
5. over 20 heads of it from bundesliga clubs have joined vtech15.
6. the marketplace is set for a sell-out. latest sign-ups include: purple wifi, levy restaurants, tripleplay services, wincor-nixdorf and more.


text:
Organization. The Timrod, one of only two membership libraries in South Carolina, is governed by a Board of Directors headed by the President. The Board meets monthly to execute business. Board members, three employees, and countless volunteers work diligently to maintain and enhance the mission of the Timrod in the Summerville community.
Since it is not a public library, the Timrod depends on dues, fees, gifts, bequests, memorials, and the generosity of friends for the funding to maintain and expand its collection and to preserve its historic building.
Honor and memorial gifts are graciously received and are appropriately acknowledged. A Timrod bookplate naming the donor and the honoree identifies memorial books.
Annual Membership. The Timrod is a membership library open to everyone; any contribution above the basic dues is tax-deductible.
Our Programs. The library offers many programs to the community – cultural, literary and social.
A summer story time for children of the community.
The Timrod also occasionally provides meeting space for local civic and educational organizations.
© Timrod Library. All rights reserved.

lowercased:
organization. the timrod, one of only two membership libraries in south carolina, is governed by a board of directors headed by the president. the board meets monthly to execute business. board members, three employees, and countless volunteers work diligently to maintain and enhance the mission of the timrod in the summerville community.
since it is not a public library, the timrod depends on dues, fees, gifts, bequests, memorials, and the generosity of friends for the funding to maintain and expand its collection and to preserve its historic building.
honor and memorial gifts are graciously received and are appropriately acknowledged. a timrod bookplate naming the donor and the honoree identifies memorial books.
annual membership. the timrod is a membership library open to everyone; any contribution above the basic dues is tax-deductible.
our programs. the library offers many programs to the community – cultural, literary and social.
a summer story time for children of the community.
the timrod also occasionally provides meeting space for local civic and educational organizations.
© timrod library. all rights reserved.


text:
Patients in the greater Los Angeles area put their trust in Dr. David J. Parks because of his great ability at addressing eye health issues related to the retinas. We can diagnose and treat different retinal diseases and improve overall eye health. One particular retinal condition that we are able to treat is diabetic retinopathy, which we'd like to go over in basic terms right now.
Diabetic retinopathy is the loss of vision caused by diabetes. This occurs when the amount of sugar in your system causes your blood vessels to become blocked, so much so that the blood supply to your retina is either compromised or completely cut off. While your existing blood vessels become more and more blocked, your system will try and adapt by creating new vessels. However, these new blood vessels typically do not grow correctly, which sometimes causes leaking and additional loss of vision. The vessels your system creates can also block additional fluids from flowing correctly in your eyes, which can result in glaucoma.
The most common cause of diabetic retinopathy is too much sugar in your system. If your intake of sugar is too high, the lenses of your eyes are prone to swelling, putting you at additional risk of vision loss.
If you are diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, your treatment should involve your doctor and an ophthalmologist working in concert. One of the primary points of action will be to lower and control your blood sugar, and your medical doctor will be able to treat additional complications that may have come to the surface because of your elevated sugar levels.
As you are receiving treatment for your overall blood sugar levels, you should consult an ophthalmologist to treat your retinopathy and the overall function of your eyes.
Your ophthalmologist will be able to treat your retinopathy with a procedure referred to as a vitrectomy, which involves the removal and replacement of the vitreous gel within the eye.
Although these may seem like options for the worst-case scenario as it relates to your diabetic retinopathy, your doctor may advise one or all of these treatments before you lose any vision at all. As is the case with many health problems, early treatment is the best option for your diabetic retinopathy.
Even with the bevy of treatments available for diabetic retinopathy, you should temper expectations of the kinds of results you expect. While the treatments above have been proven effective in preventing additional vision loss, none of these can undo existing loss of vision. As previously mentioned, it is best to see your doctor regularly so he or she can detect early signs of diabetic retinopathy. This gives you and your doctor the best chance of treating your diabetic retinopathy early enough to avoid any loss of vision at all.
If you have already experienced any amount of vision loss, your doctor may be able to suggest options available for visual rehabilitation. Even with this in mind, it is best to understand that any amount of vision loss is likely permanent and can only be prevented by early treatment.
For more information about the treatment of diabetic retinopathy as well as many other conditions that affect your retinas, be sure to contact our eye care and retinal specialists today. Dr. Parks and his entire team look forward to meeting you in person and helping you maintain your vision and overall eye health.

lowercased:
patients in the greater los angeles area put their trust in dr. david j. parks because of his great ability at addressing eye health issues related to the retinas. we can diagnose and treat different retinal diseases and improve overall eye health. one particular retinal condition that we are able to treat is diabetic retinopathy, which we'd like to go over in basic terms right now.
diabetic retinopathy is the loss of vision caused by diabetes. this occurs when the amount of sugar in your system causes your blood vessels to become blocked, so much so that the blood supply to your retina is either compromised or completely cut off. while your existing blood vessels become more and more blocked, your system will try and adapt by creating new vessels. however, these new blood vessels typically do not grow correctly, which sometimes causes leaking and additional loss of vision. the vessels your system creates can also block additional fluids from flowing correctly in your eyes, which can result in glaucoma.
the most common cause of diabetic retinopathy is too much sugar in your system. if your intake of sugar is too high, the lenses of your eyes are prone to swelling, putting you at additional risk of vision loss.
if you are diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy, your treatment should involve your doctor and an ophthalmologist working in concert. one of the primary points of action will be to lower and control your blood sugar, and your medical doctor will be able to treat additional complications that may have come to the surface because of your elevated sugar levels.
as you are receiving treatment for your overall blood sugar levels, you should consult an ophthalmologist to treat your retinopathy and the overall function of your eyes.
your ophthalmologist will be able to treat your retinopathy with a procedure referred to as a vitrectomy, which involves the removal and replacement of the vitreous gel within the eye.
although these may seem like options for the worst-case scenario as it relates to your diabetic retinopathy, your doctor may advise one or all of these treatments before you lose any vision at all. as is the case with many health problems, early treatment is the best option for your diabetic retinopathy.
even with the bevy of treatments available for diabetic retinopathy, you should temper expectations of the kinds of results you expect. while the treatments above have been proven effective in preventing additional vision loss, none of these can undo existing loss of vision. as previously mentioned, it is best to see your doctor regularly so he or she can detect early signs of diabetic retinopathy. this gives you and your doctor the best chance of treating your diabetic retinopathy early enough to avoid any loss of vision at all.
if you have already experienced any amount of vision loss, your doctor may be able to suggest options available for visual rehabilitation. even with this in mind, it is best to understand that any amount of vision loss is likely permanent and can only be prevented by early treatment.
for more information about the treatment of diabetic retinopathy as well as many other conditions that affect your retinas, be sure to contact our eye care and retinal specialists today. dr. parks and his entire team look forward to meeting you in person and helping you maintain your vision and overall eye health.


text:
No one can set your level of worthiness except you.
U r very simple & Honest.
Very true...a lesson it.took a while to learn...but I finally did.
Thanks for sharing your right.
Very true!! 💚🙏peace and harmony to you!
I really like and appreciate that statement!
Oh my goodness, I can't believe you found and liked my post. 🙏🏻 so many of your quotes have gotten me through my day to day. Seeing your name pop up on my feed gave me such joy at a time where I am really having an internal struggle. Thank you thank you. Truly the law of attraction at work.
Hi Bryant! Our mutual friend @syedmahmoodkazmi suggested I connect with you because I am aspiring singer-songwriter, journalist, and novelist. I love writing and would love to have the opportunity to meet at some point!

lowercased:
no one can set your level of worthiness except you.
u r very simple & honest.
very true...a lesson it.took a while to learn...but i finally did.
thanks for sharing your right.
very true!! 💚🙏peace and harmony to you!
i really like and appreciate that statement!
oh my goodness, i can't believe you found and liked my post. 🙏🏻 so many of your quotes have gotten me through my day to day. seeing your name pop up on my feed gave me such joy at a time where i am really having an internal struggle. thank you thank you. truly the law of attraction at work.
hi bryant! our mutual friend @syedmahmoodkazmi suggested i connect with you because i am aspiring singer-songwriter, journalist, and novelist. i love writing and would love to have the opportunity to meet at some point!


text: A telephone company that is responsible for managing calls within a specific territory, such as a city or county. In the United States, wire line telephone companies are divided into two large categories: long distance (interexchange carrier, or IXCs) and local (local exchange carrier, or LECs). LECs are used to provide telecommunications access to subscribers in a rural area or LATA that is not governed by a larger telecommunications company. LECs are advantageous to these subscribers because they allow them to contact local residents and may do business with an IXC to provide their customers with long-distance calls as an additional service.

lowercased: a telephone company that is responsible for managing calls within a specific territory, such as a city or county. in the united states, wire line telephone companies are divided into two large categories: long distance (interexchange carrier, or ixcs) and local (local exchange carrier, or lecs). lecs are used to provide telecommunications access to subscribers in a rural area or lata that is not governed by a larger telecommunications company. lecs are advantageous to these subscribers because they allow them to contact local residents and may do business with an ixc to provide their customers with long-distance calls as an additional service.


text:
To commemorate the centenary of WW1 we are running a series of three posts from our recent trip to the WW1 sites of Nord de Calais.
Our little tour group of bloggers, led by the infectiously bubbly Sarah from four bgb and Ellie from MyFerryLink, crossed the English Channel on Friday afternoon to drive to the charming town of Arras in Northern France. The ferry journey was so speedy that by the time I’d polished off a steak dinner we had pretty much arrived in Calais. Honestly, considering the journey was so easy and stress free I genuinely felt embarrassed that it had been a decade since I’d last been on one!
Anyway, an hour and a half later we arrived at the charming Hotel d’Angleterre where we all laid our heads to rest for the night in preparation for the ‘In the footsteps of Wilfred Owen’ walking tour in the morning.
Wilfred Owen was an English solider and one of the leading poets of the First World War. His work stood in stark contrast to the public perception of the War and the patriotic verse written by earlier war poets.
It is at this point in this post that I should probably be honest. Prior to this trip I know nothing about Wilfred Owen and, shamefully, pretty much nothing about WW1 in general. Please don’t berate me for this; I am the product of a school which pretty much left the wars to the boys and Tudors and cooking to the girls.
My point is, I felt nothing for Owen or what he meant to the war, I saw the walk as a collective look at a company of men through their optimistic yet conclusive days in Ors.
It was at dinner that evening that fellow traveler Deborah, a writer for 50connect, quite rightly told me that ‘A journalist answers questions and an artist (or historian in my case) poses them’. So that night I went searching for the ‘answers’ by reading all of Owen’s poems.
For me this poignant line epitomises the general sentimentality towards WW1. Owen’s poetry is so evocative of the mood during the war that it lies as a haunting memento of the waste it bore and the scars it left. Furthermore, it made me look back on the walk with very different eyes.
Prior to starting the trail we were met by Jacky Duminy, mayor of Ors, a village in Northern France on the ‘Western Front’, at Maison Forestiere. Duminy has been the driving force behind getting this unique art work established to Wilfred Owen, and says it’s “… not a museum, not a memorial, but a quiet place for meditation, reflection and poetry”. The Maison Forestier is where Wilfred Owen and fellow soldiers of the 2nd Manchester Regiment rested on the night of October 31st 1918. Plans were being made for a suicidal mission to cross a nearby canal to attack units of the rapidly withdrawing German army. The words of Owens last letter home to his mother, written in the cramped basement, are plastered along the entrance. Considering the situation and Owen’s aptness for portraying the stark reality of the war this letter was surprisingly optimistic.
I will call the place from which I’m now writing ‘The Smoky Cellar of the Forester’s House’. I write on the first sheet of the writing pad which came in the parcel yesterday. Luckily the parcel was small, as it reached me just before we moved off to the line. Thus only the paraffin was unwelcome in my pack. My servant & I ate the chocolate in the cold middle of last night, crouched under a draughty Tamboo, roofed with planks. I husband the Malted Milk for tonight, & tomorrow night. The handkerchief & socks are most opportune, as the ground is marshy, [fn1] & I have a slight cold!
So thick is the smoke in this cellar that I can hardly see by a candle 12 ins. away, and so thick are the inmates that I can hardly write for pokes, nudges & jolts. On my left the Coy. Commander snores on a bench: other officers repose on wire beds behind me. At my right hand, Kellett, a delightful servant of A Coy. in The Old Days radiates joy & contentment from pink cheeks and baby eyes. He laughs with a signaller, to whose left ear is glued the Receiver; but whose eyes rolling with gaiety show that he is listening with his right ear to a merry corporal, who appears at this distance away (some three feet) nothing [but] a gleam of white teeth & a wheeze of jokes.
Source: Wilfred’s last letter home to his Mother. Copyright of The Harry Ransom Center / The Wilfred Owen Literary Estate.
Four days after this letter was written, at the age of 25, Wilfred Owen was dead.
Even though his fate resembled that of many on the battlefield, who died barley a week before the war, this was particularly tragic because it epitomised not only the destruction wrought by the First World War but on the talent it had engendered.
The trail follows in the footsteps of the poet during his final days, through a landscape which once again knows peace after having suffered the ravages of war twice in the last century.
‘This book is not about heroes. English poetry is not yet fit to speak of them.
Wilfred Owen’s draft Preface, prepared for a collection of war poems he hoped to publish in 1919. Written in Ripon, Yorkshire, in 1918.
Entry to the house is free of charge. Open Monday to Saturday (except Tuesdays) from 10am to 1pm, and 2-5pm. Also open the first Sunday of every month from 2-5pm.
Finally, a big shout out to all the lovely bloggers I met on this trip @flaneurzine @scottbalaam @DianePriestley @quirkytraveller – If you are a lover of culture, travel and sport make sure you give them all a follow!

lowercased:
to commemorate the centenary of ww1 we are running a series of three posts from our recent trip to the ww1 sites of nord de calais.
our little tour group of bloggers, led by the infectiously bubbly sarah from four bgb and ellie from myferrylink, crossed the english channel on friday afternoon to drive to the charming town of arras in northern france. the ferry journey was so speedy that by the time i’d polished off a steak dinner we had pretty much arrived in calais. honestly, considering the journey was so easy and stress free i genuinely felt embarrassed that it had been a decade since i’d last been on one!
anyway, an hour and a half later we arrived at the charming hotel d’angleterre where we all laid our heads to rest for the night in preparation for the ‘in the footsteps of wilfred owen’ walking tour in the morning.
wilfred owen was an english solider and one of the leading poets of the first world war. his work stood in stark contrast to the public perception of the war and the patriotic verse written by earlier war poets.
it is at this point in this post that i should probably be honest. prior to this trip i know nothing about wilfred owen and, shamefully, pretty much nothing about ww1 in general. please don’t berate me for this; i am the product of a school which pretty much left the wars to the boys and tudors and cooking to the girls.
my point is, i felt nothing for owen or what he meant to the war, i saw the walk as a collective look at a company of men through their optimistic yet conclusive days in ors.
it was at dinner that evening that fellow traveler deborah, a writer for 50connect, quite rightly told me that ‘a journalist answers questions and an artist (or historian in my case) poses them’. so that night i went searching for the ‘answers’ by reading all of owen’s poems.
for me this poignant line epitomises the general sentimentality towards ww1. owen’s poetry is so evocative of the mood during the war that it lies as a haunting memento of the waste it bore and the scars it left. furthermore, it made me look back on the walk with very different eyes.
prior to starting the trail we were met by jacky duminy, mayor of ors, a village in northern france on the ‘western front’, at maison forestiere. duminy has been the driving force behind getting this unique art work established to wilfred owen, and says it’s “… not a museum, not a memorial, but a quiet place for meditation, reflection and poetry”. the maison forestier is where wilfred owen and fellow soldiers of the 2nd manchester regiment rested on the night of october 31st 1918. plans were being made for a suicidal mission to cross a nearby canal to attack units of the rapidly withdrawing german army. the words of owens last letter home to his mother, written in the cramped basement, are plastered along the entrance. considering the situation and owen’s aptness for portraying the stark reality of the war this letter was surprisingly optimistic.
i will call the place from which i’m now writing ‘the smoky cellar of the forester’s house’. i write on the first sheet of the writing pad which came in the parcel yesterday. luckily the parcel was small, as it reached me just before we moved off to the line. thus only the paraffin was unwelcome in my pack. my servant & i ate the chocolate in the cold middle of last night, crouched under a draughty tamboo, roofed with planks. i husband the malted milk for tonight, & tomorrow night. the handkerchief & socks are most opportune, as the ground is marshy, [fn1] & i have a slight cold!
so thick is the smoke in this cellar that i can hardly see by a candle 12 ins. away, and so thick are the inmates that i can hardly write for pokes, nudges & jolts. on my left the coy. commander snores on a bench: other officers repose on wire beds behind me. at my right hand, kellett, a delightful servant of a coy. in the old days radiates joy & contentment from pink cheeks and baby eyes. he laughs with a signaller, to whose left ear is glued the receiver; but whose eyes rolling with gaiety show that he is listening with his right ear to a merry corporal, who appears at this distance away (some three feet) nothing [but] a gleam of white teeth & a wheeze of jokes.
source: wilfred’s last letter home to his mother. copyright of the harry ransom center / the wilfred owen literary estate.
four days after this letter was written, at the age of 25, wilfred owen was dead.
even though his fate resembled that of many on the battlefield, who died barley a week before the war, this was particularly tragic because it epitomised not only the destruction wrought by the first world war but on the talent it had engendered.
the trail follows in the footsteps of the poet during his final days, through a landscape which once again knows peace after having suffered the ravages of war twice in the last century.
‘this book is not about heroes. english poetry is not yet fit to speak of them.
wilfred owen’s draft preface, prepared for a collection of war poems he hoped to publish in 1919. written in ripon, yorkshire, in 1918.
entry to the house is free of charge. open monday to saturday (except tuesdays) from 10am to 1pm, and 2-5pm. also open the first sunday of every month from 2-5pm.
finally, a big shout out to all the lovely bloggers i met on this trip @flaneurzine @scottbalaam @dianepriestley @quirkytraveller – if you are a lover of culture, travel and sport make sure you give them all a follow!


text:
The “paleo” diet has been pretty popular in the past few years. And while its name is rooted in ancient hunter-gatherer traditions, recent studies have come to support some of its health benefits.
In a nutshell, it’s a whole food, nutrient-dense way of eating that removes processed foods. And that’s pretty good, right?
Or, at least, try this awesome muffin recipe; they’re great for breakfast, snack, or even dessert.
For more delicious and easy recipes, be sure to follow me on Facebook at the Worthwhile Lifestyle.

lowercased:
the “paleo” diet has been pretty popular in the past few years. and while its name is rooted in ancient hunter-gatherer traditions, recent studies have come to support some of its health benefits.
in a nutshell, it’s a whole food, nutrient-dense way of eating that removes processed foods. and that’s pretty good, right?
or, at least, try this awesome muffin recipe; they’re great for breakfast, snack, or even dessert.
for more delicious and easy recipes, be sure to follow me on facebook at the worthwhile lifestyle.


text:
MANILA, Philippines (Mennonite Mission Network) — The thief entered the Faith Academy construction site for scrap metal. Instead, he found faith.
Ricky Silvario* lives in a squatter’s village near the academy, a school in Manila primarily for the children of mission workers. For Silvario, and for others seeking to feed their families, the current project to build a school auditorium was an attractive place to steal from, especially after a twisted, unlocked gate offered easy access to the construction workers’ barracks.
In late October, Rufo Cabungcal, the construction project chaplain known as “Chaplain Pong,” found Silvario on site, scavenging roofing materials and scrap iron to sell on the streets. In broad daylight, Cabungcal confronted him.
Silvario would not relent, leaving with the stolen goods after Cabungcal refused to resort to violence following a vehement conversation.
Cabungcal reported his experience to Tad Wulliman, project manager for construction and a Mennonite Mission Network associate, and Clarence Torkelson, an electrician serving through Wycliffe Associates.
Torkelson’s response: We need to give this man a job.
With support from his supervisors, Cabungcal went in search of Silvario. When he found the man, he offered him a job as an electrician.
Silvario accepted the job. As Cabungcal helped him fill out the official application, Silvario also accepted Christ.
Wulliman said Silvario’s conversion, while dramatic, is not necessarily unusual. It is a symptom of how the academy’s ongoing construction work has been organized.
“For years, we have always given the workers the opportunity to be exposed to the salvation message and the cooperation and attitudes have always been excellent,” Wulliman said.
That message – unusual in an overwhelmingly nominal Catholic culture – is evident on the job site, according to the company bosses Wulliman works with.
Wulliman hired Cabungcal to serve as chaplain in early 2006; he initially also worked as a project carpenter, but soon was ministering full-time. Cabungcal and his wife, Janet, live in a small shanty among the barracks with the construction workers, hosting morning Bible studies, worship services, free meals every other Saturday, entertainment and what he calls basketball evangelism – a way to connect with workers on the court.
In an interview with Sandy Musgrave, serving at Faith Academy with New Tribes Mission, Cabungcal said he sometimes sits with workers on his roof after their shifts. He often answers questions about the Bible, which many of the workers, despite their Catholic backgrounds, have rarely opened.
“We talk from 9 o’clock in the evening until 3 o’clock sometimes. They are sharing their problems, sharing their experiences,” Cabungcal said.
Wulliman said much of the construction projects will allow the academy to connect to middle- and upper-class members of the community. Cabungcal’s presence, and the work itself, allows a connection to the working class that has formed a faith community.
Of the nearly 70 workers in the barracks, about 20 have professed belief in Christ, Cabungcal said, including Silvario, who now works under the only other professed Christian electrician on the crew. Wulliman said Silvario’s family is now coming to weekend worship services and Silvario continues to explore his newfound faith in God among a growing community of peers and mentors who are developing relationships with each other as well as with God.
Tad and Barbara Wulliman are Mission Network associates in the Philippines working with Mennonite Mission Network and Wycliffe Bible Translators.
*Ricky Silvario is a pseudonym.

lowercased:
manila, philippines (mennonite mission network) — the thief entered the faith academy construction site for scrap metal. instead, he found faith.
ricky silvario* lives in a squatter’s village near the academy, a school in manila primarily for the children of mission workers. for silvario, and for others seeking to feed their families, the current project to build a school auditorium was an attractive place to steal from, especially after a twisted, unlocked gate offered easy access to the construction workers’ barracks.
in late october, rufo cabungcal, the construction project chaplain known as “chaplain pong,” found silvario on site, scavenging roofing materials and scrap iron to sell on the streets. in broad daylight, cabungcal confronted him.
silvario would not relent, leaving with the stolen goods after cabungcal refused to resort to violence following a vehement conversation.
cabungcal reported his experience to tad wulliman, project manager for construction and a mennonite mission network associate, and clarence torkelson, an electrician serving through wycliffe associates.
torkelson’s response: we need to give this man a job.
with support from his supervisors, cabungcal went in search of silvario. when he found the man, he offered him a job as an electrician.
silvario accepted the job. as cabungcal helped him fill out the official application, silvario also accepted christ.
wulliman said silvario’s conversion, while dramatic, is not necessarily unusual. it is a symptom of how the academy’s ongoing construction work has been organized.
“for years, we have always given the workers the opportunity to be exposed to the salvation message and the cooperation and attitudes have always been excellent,” wulliman said.
that message – unusual in an overwhelmingly nominal catholic culture – is evident on the job site, according to the company bosses wulliman works with.
wulliman hired cabungcal to serve as chaplain in early 2006; he initially also worked as a project carpenter, but soon was ministering full-time. cabungcal and his wife, janet, live in a small shanty among the barracks with the construction workers, hosting morning bible studies, worship services, free meals every other saturday, entertainment and what he calls basketball evangelism – a way to connect with workers on the court.
in an interview with sandy musgrave, serving at faith academy with new tribes mission, cabungcal said he sometimes sits with workers on his roof after their shifts. he often answers questions about the bible, which many of the workers, despite their catholic backgrounds, have rarely opened.
“we talk from 9 o’clock in the evening until 3 o’clock sometimes. they are sharing their problems, sharing their experiences,” cabungcal said.
wulliman said much of the construction projects will allow the academy to connect to middle- and upper-class members of the community. cabungcal’s presence, and the work itself, allows a connection to the working class that has formed a faith community.
of the nearly 70 workers in the barracks, about 20 have professed belief in christ, cabungcal said, including silvario, who now works under the only other professed christian electrician on the crew. wulliman said silvario’s family is now coming to weekend worship services and silvario continues to explore his newfound faith in god among a growing community of peers and mentors who are developing relationships with each other as well as with god.
tad and barbara wulliman are mission network associates in the philippines working with mennonite mission network and wycliffe bible translators.
*ricky silvario is a pseudonym.


text:
Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart are becoming more and more casual about their relationship. They were spotted, without the usual posse, on a movie date in Squamish, British Columbia earlier in the week.
Moviegoers who spotted Rob and Kristen Tweeted about their encounter.
Click the photo to see it full size, plus a bonus photo!
The film stars Amanda Seyfried, but of likely greater interest to Rob and Kristen is the fact that Catherine Hardwicke directed.
Hardwicke helmed the first “Twilight” movie that brought Rob and Kristen together and vaulted the two to international fame.
Unfortunately, “Red Riding Hood” has been widely panned by critics and was a flop at the box office during its debut last weekend.
The film, a dark take on the children’s fairytale, opened at No. 3 with $14.1 million in box office gross.
The fan, who also Tweeted a photo of Rob with fans, had a less than warm impression of Stewart.
“[Kristen’s] personality and body language is much like [her character] Bella,” she Tweeted.
She also noticed that Rob and Kristen were keeping their distance.
“do i think they just enjoy each others company? i don’t really know. both were giving each other their space,” she observed.
Rob recently finished shooting “Water for Elephants” with Reese Witherspoon and Christolph Waltz.
Kristen recently wrapped shooting on “On the Road,” a movie based on the iconic book by Jack Kerouac that helped launch the ’50s Beat Generation.
Separately, UK singer Adele gave a recent interview in which she talked about Rob. Check it out below.

lowercased:
robert pattinson and kristen stewart are becoming more and more casual about their relationship. they were spotted, without the usual posse, on a movie date in squamish, british columbia earlier in the week.
moviegoers who spotted rob and kristen tweeted about their encounter.
click the photo to see it full size, plus a bonus photo!
the film stars amanda seyfried, but of likely greater interest to rob and kristen is the fact that catherine hardwicke directed.
hardwicke helmed the first “twilight” movie that brought rob and kristen together and vaulted the two to international fame.
unfortunately, “red riding hood” has been widely panned by critics and was a flop at the box office during its debut last weekend.
the film, a dark take on the children’s fairytale, opened at no. 3 with $14.1 million in box office gross.
the fan, who also tweeted a photo of rob with fans, had a less than warm impression of stewart.
“[kristen’s] personality and body language is much like [her character] bella,” she tweeted.
she also noticed that rob and kristen were keeping their distance.
“do i think they just enjoy each others company? i don’t really know. both were giving each other their space,” she observed.
rob recently finished shooting “water for elephants” with reese witherspoon and christolph waltz.
kristen recently wrapped shooting on “on the road,” a movie based on the iconic book by jack kerouac that helped launch the ’50s beat generation.
separately, uk singer adele gave a recent interview in which she talked about rob. check it out below.


text:
This is a model of reversible reactions, Le Chatelier's Principle and the Haber process (used for the manufacture of ammonia).
This is an equilibrium reaction, where specific conditions favor the forward reaction and other conditions favor the reverse reaction.
Increasing the pressure causes the equilibrium position to move to the right resulting in a higher yield of ammonia since there are more gas molecules on the left hand side of the equation (4 in total) than there are on the right hand side of the equation (2). Increasing the pressure means the system adjusts to reduce the effect of the change, that is, to reduce the pressure by having fewer gas molecules.
Decreasing the temperature causes the equilibrium position to move to the right resulting in a higher yield of ammonia since the reaction is exothermic (releases heat). Reducing the temperature means the system will adjust to minimize the effect of the change, that is, it will produce more heat since energy is a product of the reaction, and will therefore produce more ammonia gas as well.
However, the rate of the reaction at lower temperatures is extremely slow, so a higher temperature must be used to speed up the reaction, which results in a lower yield of ammonia.
-- A high temperature increases the rate of attaining equilibrium.
-- The forward reaction is exothermic; therefore a low temperature moves the equilibrium to the right giving a higher yield of ammonia.
-- A medium temperature is used as a compromise to maximize the combined but canceling effects of going to too high or too low a temperature, yielding a high amount of product, but also doing so quickly.
Also in the Haber process, a pressure of around 200 atm is recommended, again for the competing effects that come into ply with increasing or decreasing the pressure too much.
-- The forward reaction results in a reduction in volume, therefore a high pressure moves the equilibrium to the right giving a higher yield of ammonia.
Thus, a medium pressure is used as a compromise to maximize the combined but canceling effects of going to too high or too low a pressure, yielding a high amount of product, but also doing so quickly.
For a reaction to occur, nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) must have enough energy to break the atomic bonds in nitrogen and hydrogen and allow the atoms to rearrange to make NH3. This bond breaking energy threshold is called the activation energy.
This excess energy is called the DIFFERENCE-BOND-ENERGY. When the bond energy is released the products speed up due to an increased transfer of bond-energy to kinetic energy in the chemical reaction. When bond energy is absorbed the products slow down from the chemical reaction.
#-N2 determines the initial number of nitrogen (N2) molecules in the simulation.
#-H2 determines the initial number of hydrogen (H2) molecules in the simulation.
#-NH3 determines the initial number of ammonia (NH3) molecules in the simulation.
FORWARD-REACT? controls whether the forward reaction can occur. Similarly, REVERSE-REACT? controls whether the reverse reaction can occur. With both turned on, an equilibrium reaction is modeled.
INITIAL-WALL-POSITION changes the initial volume of the container by moving the right hand side of the wall on SETUP.
MOVE WALL OUT when pressed allows the user to click at a location to move the wall to the right (from its current location, thereby increasing the volume of the container). The simulation will stop after this occurs. The user should press GO/STOP again to resume the model run.
INSULATED-WALLS? when turned on, no energy exchange occurs with the walls. When turned off, molecules can speed up or slow down, depending on whether the energy level of the walls is higher or lower than that of the molecules. When turned off, this models an isothermal boundary for the system. Insulated walls appear brown, isothermal walls appear a shade of red.
WARM WALLS increases the isothermal energy level of the wall. COOL WALLS decreases the isothermal energy level of the wall. The color of the wall reflects its energy, the darker the red wall, the colder it is; the warm, the brighter red it will be.
RESET REACTION COUNTS sets the counters for number of forward reactions and number of reverse reactions to 0. This is useful to do when you think you have reached a stable state in the system. After resetting the reaction counts, the % FORWARD REACTIONS and % REVERSE REACTIONS should stabilize at around 50%.
Le Chatelier's Principle can be understood as competing effects between two different contributions to when and how often certain reaction occur. Explore high and low temperatures and high and low pressures, and try to understand why the system tends to respond to "increase the pressure" when the volume is increased.
Try running the model with FORWARD-REACTIONS set to "on" and REVERSE-REACTIONS set to "off". Then try REVERSE-REACTIONS set to "on" and FORWARD-REACTIONS set to "off".
Try running the model starting only with ammonia molecules. Try running the model with only hydrogen and nitrogen molecules to start with.
Try to find the settings for the highest yield of ammonia. What temperature and volume combination is optimal?
In the Haber process in real life the inclusion of the catalyst of iron is often used. A similar catalyst could be added here (using the same code and modeling assumption as used for the water catalyst in the iron rusting model).
The model could be extended to represent a reversible reaction of A + B ↔ C + D.
Uses transparency in the color of the flashes, so that the underlying patch color of the walls can still be seen.
Wilensky, U. (1998). NetLogo GasLab Gas in a Box model. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/GasLabGasinaBox. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
Novak, M. and Wilensky, U. (2012). NetLogo Connected Chemistry Reversible Reaction model. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/ConnectedChemistryReversibleReaction. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.

lowercased:
this is a model of reversible reactions, le chatelier's principle and the haber process (used for the manufacture of ammonia).
this is an equilibrium reaction, where specific conditions favor the forward reaction and other conditions favor the reverse reaction.
increasing the pressure causes the equilibrium position to move to the right resulting in a higher yield of ammonia since there are more gas molecules on the left hand side of the equation (4 in total) than there are on the right hand side of the equation (2). increasing the pressure means the system adjusts to reduce the effect of the change, that is, to reduce the pressure by having fewer gas molecules.
decreasing the temperature causes the equilibrium position to move to the right resulting in a higher yield of ammonia since the reaction is exothermic (releases heat). reducing the temperature means the system will adjust to minimize the effect of the change, that is, it will produce more heat since energy is a product of the reaction, and will therefore produce more ammonia gas as well.
however, the rate of the reaction at lower temperatures is extremely slow, so a higher temperature must be used to speed up the reaction, which results in a lower yield of ammonia.
-- a high temperature increases the rate of attaining equilibrium.
-- the forward reaction is exothermic; therefore a low temperature moves the equilibrium to the right giving a higher yield of ammonia.
-- a medium temperature is used as a compromise to maximize the combined but canceling effects of going to too high or too low a temperature, yielding a high amount of product, but also doing so quickly.
also in the haber process, a pressure of around 200 atm is recommended, again for the competing effects that come into ply with increasing or decreasing the pressure too much.
-- the forward reaction results in a reduction in volume, therefore a high pressure moves the equilibrium to the right giving a higher yield of ammonia.
thus, a medium pressure is used as a compromise to maximize the combined but canceling effects of going to too high or too low a pressure, yielding a high amount of product, but also doing so quickly.
for a reaction to occur, nitrogen (n2) and hydrogen (h2) must have enough energy to break the atomic bonds in nitrogen and hydrogen and allow the atoms to rearrange to make nh3. this bond breaking energy threshold is called the activation energy.
this excess energy is called the difference-bond-energy. when the bond energy is released the products speed up due to an increased transfer of bond-energy to kinetic energy in the chemical reaction. when bond energy is absorbed the products slow down from the chemical reaction.
#-n2 determines the initial number of nitrogen (n2) molecules in the simulation.
#-h2 determines the initial number of hydrogen (h2) molecules in the simulation.
#-nh3 determines the initial number of ammonia (nh3) molecules in the simulation.
forward-react? controls whether the forward reaction can occur. similarly, reverse-react? controls whether the reverse reaction can occur. with both turned on, an equilibrium reaction is modeled.
initial-wall-position changes the initial volume of the container by moving the right hand side of the wall on setup.
move wall out when pressed allows the user to click at a location to move the wall to the right (from its current location, thereby increasing the volume of the container). the simulation will stop after this occurs. the user should press go/stop again to resume the model run.
insulated-walls? when turned on, no energy exchange occurs with the walls. when turned off, molecules can speed up or slow down, depending on whether the energy level of the walls is higher or lower than that of the molecules. when turned off, this models an isothermal boundary for the system. insulated walls appear brown, isothermal walls appear a shade of red.
warm walls increases the isothermal energy level of the wall. cool walls decreases the isothermal energy level of the wall. the color of the wall reflects its energy, the darker the red wall, the colder it is; the warm, the brighter red it will be.
reset reaction counts sets the counters for number of forward reactions and number of reverse reactions to 0. this is useful to do when you think you have reached a stable state in the system. after resetting the reaction counts, the % forward reactions and % reverse reactions should stabilize at around 50%.
le chatelier's principle can be understood as competing effects between two different contributions to when and how often certain reaction occur. explore high and low temperatures and high and low pressures, and try to understand why the system tends to respond to "increase the pressure" when the volume is increased.
try running the model with forward-reactions set to "on" and reverse-reactions set to "off". then try reverse-reactions set to "on" and forward-reactions set to "off".
try running the model starting only with ammonia molecules. try running the model with only hydrogen and nitrogen molecules to start with.
try to find the settings for the highest yield of ammonia. what temperature and volume combination is optimal?
in the haber process in real life the inclusion of the catalyst of iron is often used. a similar catalyst could be added here (using the same code and modeling assumption as used for the water catalyst in the iron rusting model).
the model could be extended to represent a reversible reaction of a + b ↔ c + d.
uses transparency in the color of the flashes, so that the underlying patch color of the walls can still be seen.
wilensky, u. (1998). netlogo gaslab gas in a box model. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/gaslabgasinabox. center for connected learning and computer-based modeling, northwestern university, evanston, il.
novak, m. and wilensky, u. (2012). netlogo connected chemistry reversible reaction model. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/connectedchemistryreversiblereaction. center for connected learning and computer-based modeling, northwestern university, evanston, il.


text:
It’s the first auto-tightening, interactive, heating, & shock absorbing sneaker on the market. But is that a good thing?
The Road Glacier are one of the most diverse shades I’ve worn. With a style and function that works perfectly for any terrain.

lowercased:
it’s the first auto-tightening, interactive, heating, & shock absorbing sneaker on the market. but is that a good thing?
the road glacier are one of the most diverse shades i’ve worn. with a style and function that works perfectly for any terrain.


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Made of Metal. This Macro Extension Tube for Nikon F-mount digital cameras is composed of 3 extension tubes - 7mm, 14mm, 28mm and male and female adapters. Mount the tubes between lens and camera body to get your choice of macro ranges.
It can be used in any combination or individually to obtain the exact magnification you need to capture the perfect macro shot. The longer the tube length the closer the lens can focus.
Use this set with your normal lens and you will get the quality, which is as good as the original lens and the size, sharpness and versatility is perfect for the macro and close-up pictures.
Note: There are no electrical contacts in the extension tubes. You need to use manual focus and manual exposure while shooting.Exposure has to be adjusted manually. Aperture control is not available if you use a lens which does not allow you to manually adjust the aperture (without an aperture ring).

lowercased:
made of metal. this macro extension tube for nikon f-mount digital cameras is composed of 3 extension tubes - 7mm, 14mm, 28mm and male and female adapters. mount the tubes between lens and camera body to get your choice of macro ranges.
it can be used in any combination or individually to obtain the exact magnification you need to capture the perfect macro shot. the longer the tube length the closer the lens can focus.
use this set with your normal lens and you will get the quality, which is as good as the original lens and the size, sharpness and versatility is perfect for the macro and close-up pictures.
note: there are no electrical contacts in the extension tubes. you need to use manual focus and manual exposure while shooting.exposure has to be adjusted manually. aperture control is not available if you use a lens which does not allow you to manually adjust the aperture (without an aperture ring).


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Launching high-fashion clothing lines and hosting rooftop parties are activities that go hand-in-hand in most cities, but when said launch happens in Boston in the dead of winter, it’s best to take things to the basement lounge.
French designer and electronic music label Kitsuné rolled through Boston last Thursday (March 1) as a part of the company’s 10-city tour to launch their recent clothing collaboration with the NBA. Kicking off in the lower level of Good Life on Kingston Street, Kitsuné celebrated the new line with a four-hour “club night,” featuring performances from Chicago’s Thelonious Martin and Boston’s own SuperSmashBroz, OG Swaggerdick, and DJ Knife.
Prior to the dance party, Bodega hosted a cocktail party in collaboration with Kitsuné for the official Boston launch of the ready-to-wear unisex capsule collection of b-ball-inspired tees, shirts, and jackets.
Kitsuné also tossed a new music compilation into the fashion-music-sports mix with Kitsuné América 5: The NBA Edition, the fifth playlist curated by the fashion and music label thus far (for those questioning the label’s taste, artists that have previously released music via Kitsuné include La Roux, Classixx, and Chrome Sparks).
While both the clothing line and playlist dropped officially on February 17, the celebration still sprints forward: Other cities on the tour roster included Paris, Toronto, Los Angeles, New York City, Atlanta, Brussels, and Chicago, and still to come are parties in Miami (March 6) and Houston (March 13).
Check out the new line here, and the new playlist below (or on vinyl, if you’re so inclined).

lowercased:
launching high-fashion clothing lines and hosting rooftop parties are activities that go hand-in-hand in most cities, but when said launch happens in boston in the dead of winter, it’s best to take things to the basement lounge.
french designer and electronic music label kitsuné rolled through boston last thursday (march 1) as a part of the company’s 10-city tour to launch their recent clothing collaboration with the nba. kicking off in the lower level of good life on kingston street, kitsuné celebrated the new line with a four-hour “club night,” featuring performances from chicago’s thelonious martin and boston’s own supersmashbroz, og swaggerdick, and dj knife.
prior to the dance party, bodega hosted a cocktail party in collaboration with kitsuné for the official boston launch of the ready-to-wear unisex capsule collection of b-ball-inspired tees, shirts, and jackets.
kitsuné also tossed a new music compilation into the fashion-music-sports mix with kitsuné américa 5: the nba edition, the fifth playlist curated by the fashion and music label thus far (for those questioning the label’s taste, artists that have previously released music via kitsuné include la roux, classixx, and chrome sparks).
while both the clothing line and playlist dropped officially on february 17, the celebration still sprints forward: other cities on the tour roster included paris, toronto, los angeles, new york city, atlanta, brussels, and chicago, and still to come are parties in miami (march 6) and houston (march 13).
check out the new line here, and the new playlist below (or on vinyl, if you’re so inclined).