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Professors I. Baker, B. Cushman-Roisin, G. Cybenko, E. Garmire, T. U. Gerngross, R. J. Graves, J. J. Helble, W. Lotko, D. R. Lynch, L. R. Lynd, K. D. Paulsen, B. W. Pogue, L. R. Ray, E. Santos Jr., E. M. Schulson, S. Taylor; Professors Emeriti A. O. Converse, C. E. Hutchinson, F. E. Kennedy, H. J. Richter, B. U. O. Sonnerup, G. B. Wallis; Associate Professors H. J. Frost, E. W. Hansen, M. Q. Phan, C. R. Sullivan, B. S. Trembly; Assistant Professors M. E. Ackerman, M. E. Borsuk, S. G. Diamond, K. E. Griswold, J. Liu, K. Odame, R. Olfati-Saber; Senior Lecturers J. P. Collier, P. J. Hoopes, R. C. Lasky, C. G. Levey, S. P. McGrath, V. F. Petrenko, P. J. Robbie, J. M. Rosen, S. G. Shepherd; Lecturers V. H. Berk, D. C. Cullen, E. Fossum, K. Hoyt, M. S. Laser, V. V. May, S. O. Peterson, F. Shubitidze, D.W. Van Citters, L. Wissel.
The undergraduate Engineering Sciences major leads to an A.B. degree. It pro-vides engineering students with a common core of Science and Engineering Sciences courses. Interest in the various branches of engineering is accommodated through electives and usually through additional study leading to a Bachelor of Engineering or higher degree. For those students considering careers in such diverse fields as medicine, management, or law, the Engineering Sciences major enables them to better understand our increasingly technological society.
Students interested in a career in Engineering should plan on completing the Bachelor of Engineering or Master’s program. The Bachelor of Engineering degree program is accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, 111 Market Place, Suite 1050, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012 - telephone (410) 347-7700; it is equivalent in technical content to the Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering offered at many other universities but is broader in scope. It requires 10 courses in Natural Science, Mathematics, and Engineering beyond the requirements of the major in Engineering Sciences, and typically requires up to three terms in residence beyond the 12 terms required for the A.B. degree. Students who enter Dartmouth with advanced standing may be able to complete the B.E. at the same time as the A.B. (i.e., in four years).
The graduate degrees are differentiated according to function. For those interested in design, professional practice, and engineering management, the M.E.M. degree is offered; for those interested primarily in research, the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. Additionally a joint M.D./Ph.D. program is offered in conjunction with the Dartmouth Medical School and a joint M.E.M./M.B.A. program with the Tuck School of Business. The Thayer School Guide to Programs and Courses should be consulted for detailed information on all graduate programs (B.E. and above).
Several engineering sciences courses have few or no prerequisites and may be taken by first-year students exploring a potential interest in the major, or by non-majors seeking to broaden their education with the study of technology. These courses include Engineering Sciences 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 31, 37, and 51.
Undergraduate courses up to Engineering Sciences 86 satisfy the Technology and Applied Sciences distributive requirements (TAS). Some also satisfy the distributive laboratory requirement (TLA). For those students interested in an introduction to technology and applied sciences one of the courses Engineering Sciences 1 through 13 is recommended.
The sequential nature of the Engineering Sciences curriculum, and the possibilities for developing modified majors with other departments require that students plan their study programs well in advance. Assistance in planning programs may be obtained from an engineering faculty advisor.
All first-year students interested in the sciences should take the placement test in mathematics. The prerequisite courses for the Engineering Sciences major are Mathematics 3, 8, 13, Physics 13, 14, plus Engineering Sciences 20 and Chemistry 5. Computer Science 5 can be substituted for Engineering Sciences 20. For students prepared for advanced placement in Calculus it is advisable to take the sequence, Mathematics 8 and 13, or Mathematics 11.
Unless otherwise prohibited, prerequisites for the major may be taken under the Non-Recording Option. No more than two transfer courses may be used for credit in the major.
1. Engineering Sciences 21, 22, and 23 are required.
2. Two from Engineering Sciences 24, 25, 26, and 27.
3. Two from Engineering Sciences 31 or 32; 33 or 34; 35 or 36; or 37.
Two additional courses are required.
4. One elective in Engineering Science.
5. One elective in Engineering Science, mathematics or a science course.
A Culminating Experience in Engineering Sciences is required. This can be taken instead of one of the electives or as an additional course. The culminating experience may be: a project or a thesis, Engineering Sciences 86, 88 or 89 (formerly 190) (Engineering Sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence Engineering Sciences 89/90 (formerly190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. Consult the Engineering Sciences Department for the most recent list.
Only Engineering Sciences courses numbered above 20 (excluding 80 and 87) may be counted as electives in the major.
Students seeking to complete the A.B. and B.E. degrees concurrently should note that Engineering Sciences 89 (formerly 190) may also be counted toward requirements for the B.E. program.
Satisfactory completion of the major requires a grade point average of 2.0 in the courses suitable for satisfying the major (other than those prerequisite to the major). The same criterion holds for both courses in a modified major and those in a minor.
The courses in the third tier of the core Engineering Sciences (31-37) serve as introductions to different areas of engineering. These courses and other electives are offered to allow students to shape their programs to reflect interests in one of the usual branches of engineering or in accordance with their own special interests. In Mechanical Engineering, the normal third tier core courses and electives are Engineering Sciences 33, 34 and 76; in Electrical Engineering, Engineering Sciences 31, 32, 61 and 62; in Computer Engineering, Engineering Sciences 31, 62, 63 (see also modified major below); in Environmental Engineering, Engineering Sciences 37, 41, 42 and 43 (see also modified major below); in Materials Science, Engineering Sciences 33 and 73; in Chemical Engineering, Engineering Sciences 34, 35, 36 and 37 (see also modified major below); in Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Sciences 35 and 56. Students interested in Chemical Engineering are advised to elect Chemistry 6, 57, and 61 in addition to their engineering courses, and to consult Professor Lynd in formulating their program.
The biomedical engineering major is offered to students interested in either medical school or graduate studies in biomedical engineering. Faculty from Thayer School and Dartmouth Medical School jointly advise the research projects.
Prerequisites are Mathematics 3, 8, 13, Physics 13, 14, Chemistry 5-6 or 10, plus Engineering Sciences 20 and Biology 11. Computer Science 5 can be substituted for Engineering Sciences 20.
The biomedical engineering major consists of five engineering science courses, Engineering Sciences 21 and 22, one additional core course chosen from Engineering Sciences 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27, one gateway course chosen from Engineering Sciences 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 or 36 and Engineering Sciences 56 or one additional course chosen from Engineering Sciences 23, 24, 25 or 26; four biology and chemistry courses, two from Biology 12, 13, 14 and Chemistry 51-52 or 57-58 and one biochemistry or engineering science elective* chosen from Biology 40 or Chemistry 41, or an engineering science course numbered 23 or above.
A culminating experience is required. It may be an independent project or honors thesis, Engineering Sciences 86 or 88, or one of the following courses in biotechnology or biomedical engineering, Engineering Sciences 160, 161, 162, 165 or 167.
* Effective with the Class of 2011, students wishing to pursue the BE degree are advised to choose an Engineering Sciences course as their elective.
Prerequisites are Mathematics 3, 8 and 13, and Physics 13 (or Physics 3 and 4), and 14. The required courses are Engineering Sciences 20 (or Computer Science 5), 21, 22 and two Engineering Sciences undergraduate courses numbered above 20 (excluding 80 and 87). Students should note that some Engineering Sciences courses require prerequisites in addition to those noted. No engineering sciences course above 20 may be taken under the Non-Recording Option.
Prerequisites are Mathematics 3 and 8, and Physics 13 or Physics 3 and 4. The required courses are four Engineering Sciences courses numbered above 20 (excluding 87), to include Engineering Science 21 or 22, or both. Students should note that many Engineering Sciences courses, including Engineering Sciences 22, require prerequisites in addition to Mathematics 8 and Physics 13. No engineering sciences course above 20 may be taken under the Non-Recording Option.
The minor in Materials Science is sponsored by faculty in Chemistry, Physics and Engineering with an interest in interdisciplinary education and research in materials science.
The Department of Engineering Sciences and the Department of Physics and Astronomy offer a major in Engineering Physics. This major features a 5/5 split in courses, unlike a modified major which requires six courses from one field and four from the other.
The Engineering Physics major is a ten-course program consisting of three Engineering Sciences core courses (Engineering Sciences 22, 23, 24); three Physics core courses (Physics 19, 24, 43 [Students taking Physics 15 and 16 should substitute a third physics elective for Physics 19]); and four electives, two from each department. Two electives must be selected from the following list: Engineering Sciences 25, 33, 34; Physics 42, 68, 91; Physics 73 or Engineering Sciences 131; Physics 66 or Engineering Sciences 120; Physics 44 or Engineering Sciences 140. The other two electives* may be courses from the Engineering Sciences Department (numbered above 20, excluding Engineering Sciences 80 and 87) or courses from the Physics and Astronomy Department which fulfill the straight physics major.
A culminating experience is required in the major which can be taken instead of one of the electives above. It must be one of the following: a project or a thesis, Engineering Sciences 86, 88 or 190 (Engineering Sciences 89 (formerly 190)** must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence Engineering Sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. Consult the Engineering Sciences Department for the most recent list) or Physics 68, 72, 73, 74, 76, 82, 87, including the senior honors thesis option.
All major programs require an average GPA of 2.0 in all courses counted toward the major, including prerequisites.
For more information contact Professor Hudson (Physics and Astronomy) or Professors Lotko or Levey (Engineering Sciences).
** Prior to enrollment in ENGS 89 (formerly 190), at least six engineering sciences courses must be completed; Engineering Sciences 21 plus five additional courses numbered 22 to 76.
Diverse interests of students have, in the past, led to the construction of Engineering Sciences majors modified by courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, computer sciences, physics, art, economics, or environmental studies.
The following specific modified majors have been established.
3. for the biology portion: Biology 13, plus three courses elected from Biology 34, 35, 37, 42, 43, 45, 46, 61, 65, or 71 or Chemistry 51 or 57.
Students interested in the modified major with Biology should contact Professor Lynd.
2. for the Engineering Sciences portion: Engineering Sciences 22, 25 and 36 plus three courses elected from the following: Engineering Sciences 21, 23, 24, 26, 33, 34, 35, 37, 52, 91, 156, 158 (Engineering Sciences 91, 156 and 158 also satisfy the culminating experience requirement, see below.) Not more than two from 21, 35 and 37 may be counted toward the major.
3. for the Chemistry portion: Chemistry 51 or 57 and 75 plus two courses elected from Chemistry 41, 52 or 58, 63, 64, 67, 76.
4. the modified major must also include a culminating experience, which may be a project or a thesis, Engineering Sciences 86, 88 or 90 (formerly 190) (Engineering Sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence Engineering Sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. Consult the Engineering Sciences Department for the most recent list.
Students interested in the modified major with Chemistry should contact Professor Lynd.
1. as prerequisites: Mathematics 3, 8, and 13; Computer Science 5; Computer Science 8, 15 or 18 (Computer Science 15 and 18 are no longer offered, can be used as prerequisites by students who took them previously); Physics 13 and 14; and Chemistry 5.
2. for the modified major required courses include: Engineering Sciences 22, 27 31, Computer Science 23, plus Engineering Sciences 23 or 24.
3. for the modified major, breadth options include: a total of five courses from Groups A, B, and C with at least one course from each of the groups and three of the courses must be Computer Science courses; Group A includes Engineering Sciences 32, 62, 63, Computer Science 37; Group B includes Engineering Sciences 26, 68, 92 (Engineering Sciences 63 and 92 also satisfy the culminating experience requirement, see below), Computer Science 78; Group C includes Engineering Sciences 91, Computer Science 25, 52, 58.
4. the modified major must also include a culminating experience, which may be a project or a thesis, Engineering Sciences 86, 88 or 89 (formerly 190) (Engineering Sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence Engineering Sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. Consult the Engineering Sciences Department for the most recent list.
Students interested in the modified major with Computer Science should con-tact Professor Cybenko.
3. for the Earth Sciences portion: Four Earth Sciences courses, numbered above 10.
Students interested in the modified major with Earth Sciences should contact Professor Schulson.
2. for the Engineering Sciences portion: Engineering Sciences 22, 25, 37 and three of the following: Engineering Sciences 27, 34, 35, 36, 41, 43, 44, 52, 171, 172, with at least two courses from among 41, 43, 44.
3. for the Environmental Sciences portion: four courses from the following list, with at least two courses from one department. Biological Sciences 21 or 51 (but not both), 22, 25, 53 (formerly 23); Chemistry 51, 63; Earth Sciences 16 (formerly 26), 65, 66, 71, 76; Environmental Studies 12, 20, 25, 55, 79. Additional requirements: Chemistry 51 is permitted only as a prerequisite to Chemistry 63.
Students interested in the modified major with Environmental Sciences should contact Professor Cushman-Roisin.
3. for the Economics portion: two courses among Economics 20, 21, 22, and a two-course sequence in Money and Finance (Economics 26 and 36), Industrial Organization (Economics 25 and 45), or (Economics 25 and 35), or International Trade (Economics 29 and 39).
1. as prerequisites: Mathematics 3, 8 and 13; Physics 13 and 14; Engineering Sciences 20 or Computer Science 5; Chemistry 5; a course in statistical data analysis, such as Economics 10, Sociology 10, or Mathematics 10.
2. for the Engineering Sciences portion: Engineering Sciences 21 and 22, plus one course selected from Engineering Sciences 23-27, one course selected from Engineering Sciences 31-37, one course selected from Engineering Sciences 41, 43, 44, 51, 52, 56 and one Engineering Sciences course numbered above 20.
3. for the Public Policy portion: Public Policy 5, plus at least one Public Policy methods course, such as: Public Policy 40-48 or Economics 20, and at least one course from a policy track. These are typically mid-level courses in Public Policy or related departments, and cannot include Engineering Sciences courses. Possible tracks include: Environment and Public Policy; Health and Public Policy; Natural resources and Public Policy; and Science/technology and Public Policy. The Rockefeller Center maintains a list of suggested offerings in these areas.
Students interested in the modified major with Public Policy should contact Professor Helble.
3. for the studio art portion: Studio Art 15 and 16, plus two upper level studio art courses.
Students interested in the modified major with Studio Art should contact Professor Robbie.
Normally, other modified major programs will contain at least three of the following Engineering Sciences core courses: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 or 37 (plus two Engineering Sciences electives.) The modified major must also include a culminating experience; this can be taken instead of one of the electives or as an additional course. The culminating experience may be: a project or a thesis, Engineering Sciences 86, 88 or 89 (formerly 190) (Engineering Sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence Engineering Sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. Consult the Engineering Sciences Department for the most recent list. A coherent program of study with a substantial engineering content but not including all or any of the above courses may be approved (by the Department Chair) as a modified major based in another department, or as a special major.
All modified Engineering Sciences majors must be approved by the Chair of the Engineering Sciences Department.
During their junior or senior year, students may apply for admission to the Hon-ors Program in Engineering Sciences. The application must be filed no earlier than the second week of the fall term in the junior year and no later than the second week of the winter term in the senior year. Con-tact the Chair of the Engineering Sciences Department for details. Admission to the Honors Program may be granted to those students who have attained an overall grade point average of 3.0, and a grade point average of 3.33 in the major.
The main requirement of the Honors Program is the completion of an honors project. The project, a creative activity suitable to the major subject, is not restricted to experimental work but can equally take the form of a theoretical investigation. Much of the development of the honors project will normally take place within the framework of Engineering Sciences 88, the Honors Thesis. (Engineering Sciences 88 also fulfills the requirement for a culminating experience in the major.) Upon completion of the project, the student will submit a written thesis and give an oral presentation. Those students who satisfactorily complete the Honors Program with a ‘B+’ average or better and have a grade point average of 3.3 or higher in the major at the time of graduation, will earn Honors recognition in the major. High Honors will be granted to those students who, in addition, have taken two engineering science courses beyond those required for the major (excluding courses under 20), have attained a grade point average of 3.50 in all engineering courses, and have completed outstanding independent work. A vote of the Department is also required prior to awarding High Honors. Students may begin their project the previous term by enrolling in Engineering Science 87, Undergraduate Investigations. An interim evaluation of honors students will be made after one term and continuation will be recommended for those students whose work demonstrates the capacity for satisfactory (B+) work. Students who satisfactorily complete the Honors Program will have entered on their permanent record Honors in Engineering Sciences, or High Honors in Engineering Sciences.
Many students majoring in engineering sciences enter Dartmouth College with course credits, proficiencies, or both, in a number of subjects resulting from exceptional preparation in high school. As a result, these students have increased elective freedom in choosing courses to satisfy their A.B. requirements.
The 100- and 200-level Engineering and Engineering Sciences courses described in this bulletin can be used to satisfy the A.B. degree requirements.
Election of 100- and 200-level Engineering and Engineering Sciences courses in excess of the undergraduate requirements for the major and for admission to any of Thayer’s post-A.B. programs will permit a student to be admitted to the Thayer School with advanced standing. Depending upon the number of elective opportunities, significant reduction in the time required to complete Thayer School’s graduate degree programs is possible.
The Faculty of the Thayer School believes that the education of all graduate students should include reasonable breadth in the areas of applied mathematics and engineering.
1. The requirement is nine approved graduate-level courses, five of which must be engineering courses. For students whose prior preparation is an accredited B.S. or B.E. in Engineering, or equivalent, the requirement is six graduate-level courses beyond those required for the B.S.
c. Minimum of three courses in engineering depth.
3. A thesis approved by the student’s graduate committee and the faculty, demonstrating the ability to do research and contribute to the field.
4. An oral defense of the thesis.
A faculty advisor will be appointed for each candidate to aid in developing his or her program. The individual course of study must be submitted to, and be approved by, the Thayer School Graduate Committee, during the student’s first term of residency. The thesis must be approved by a thesis committee. The thesis committee generally consists of three faculty members from the student’s department/program of study (including the thesis advisor). One of the three may be from outside the department/program, but this is not a requirement. Copyright to theses will be held by the Trustees of Dartmouth College.
For students recommended for the award of the M.S. degree, the faculty may also recommend the award of the B.E. degree if a substantial portion of the student’s undergraduate program was taken at Dartmouth or in one of its official exchange programs and, if in meeting M.S. requirements, the ABET criteria for the award of the B.E. are also satisfied. Students wishing to take advantage of this opportunity should plan their M.S. programs appropriately. At least one term prior to the scheduled M.S. thesis defense, the B.E./M.S. candidate submits a Bachelor of Engineering program plan approved by both their advisor and the Director of the Bachelor of Engineering program to the Registrar.
The M.S./M.D. program is offered by the Thayer School of Engineering and Dartmouth Medical School and is designed for individuals intending to pursue clinical practice but with an interest in developing research skills in a related engineering area. It is also well suited for individuals interested in developing better understanding of imaging and other technologies they will employ as practicing physicians. The program provides M.D. students with a funded research experience in engineering that is expected to lead to research publication as well as provide practical engineering design and analysis experience.
Individuals holding an undergraduate degree in engineering and meeting the entrance requirements of each school are eligible to apply. Application must be made to each school separately.
Candidates are M.D. students who apply to the Thayer School for admission in their first, second or third year of medical school. Studies for the Thayer M.S. will be carried out in the fourth and part of the fifth year.
For specific program requirements, please consult the Thayer Guide to Programs and Courses or the Thayer website at: http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/.
b. annual participation in the Research-in-Progress Workshop, for which each Candidate in residence presents his or her individual research progress.
5. Professional competence in resource development for a research project or technology startup enterprise, as demonstrated by completion of a competitive research proposal or business plan for a technology startup company. The proposal or business plan may be developed either independently or as part of the Competitive Proposal Workshop.
d. public oral presentation and defense of the dissertation.
Thayer School offers a Ph.D. Program in Innovation, which supplements the student’s engineering research with specific coursework and practice in applying entrepreneurial skills to move research discoveries to market. Students in the Program in Innovation meet all requirements for admission to candidacy and full admission to the Ph.D. program, including passing an oral qualifying examination and defending a Ph.D. thesis proposal. Specific requirements for the candidates in the Program in Innovation can be found in the Thayer School Guide to Programs and Courses.
Thayer School of Engineering and the Dartmouth Medical School offer an M.D./Ph.D. program in biomedical engineering. Students must apply to the Medical School, indicating their interest in the joint program. The requirements for the Ph.D. portion of the program are modified to permit a more efficient completion of the dual degree program.
A student may begin by first pursuing two years of study in basic science at the Medical School. Enrollment in Thayer School for two years follows, during which the student would take courses, qualify for Ph.D. candidacy, pass the oral examination, and initiate dissertation research. Alternately, some students prefer to satisfy basic Ph.D. requirements before starting medical school. The research would then be continued in concert with years 3 and 4 of the M.D. program (the clinical years), especially during year 4 where dissertation research would be counted as elective courses toward the M.D. Both degrees are awarded simultaneously after typically 6 to 6 1/2 years of study.
1. Residence at Thayer School for a minimum of five terms after the Bachelor’s degree, at least one of which occur after successful completion of the Oral Examination. Residence requires three terms of participation in the weekly Thayer Seminar on Applied Science and Technology.
2. Technical proficiency in principles and methods of engineering, applied science, and applied mathematics underlying the anticipated thesis research, as evidenced by performance on an oral qualifying examination. The examination covers at least three fundamental areas selected by the Candidate in consultation with his or her special advisory committee and approved by the graduate program committee.
4. Specialization with mastery at an advanced level of the body of knowledge pertaining to the Candidate’s chosen area of research, as demonstrated by the successful oral defense of a thesis proposal, and by completion of a program of study approved by the M.D./Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering Committee. The extent and content of this program are designed to meet the individual interests and needs of the Candidate.
b. a dissertation of professional quality certified by the Candidate’s thesis committee. The Thesis Committee consists of a minimum of three full-time faculty members from the student’s department/program of study (including the thesis advisor) and one with an appointment outside the department/program, preferably outside of Dartmouth.
A Ph.D. in computer science is offered by the graduate program in Computer Science, including some Thayer School faculty. See section entitled Computer Science for details.
 Effective with the Class of 2011, students wishing to pursue the BE degree are advised to choose an Engineering Sciences course as their elective.
 Effective with the Class of 2011, students wishing to pursue the BE degree are advised to choose an Engineering Sciences course as their elective, and to choose Engineering Sciences 165 for their culminating experience.
 Prior to enrollment in ENGS 89 (formerly 190), at least six engineering sciences courses must be completed; Engineering Sciences 21 plus five additional courses numbered 22 to 76.
 ENGS 91, ENGS 92, ENGS 93 (formerly 103), ENGS 100, ENGS 104, ENGS 105, ENGS 106, ENGS 200, ENGS 202, ENGS 205.
 The oral examination, procedures for demonstrating technical breadth, thesis proposal, and work-shop to facilitate development of a competitive research proposal or business plan are described in more detail in the Thayer School Guide to Programs and Courses.
 The oral examination, procedures for demonstrating technical breadth, and thesis proposal are described in more detail in the Thayer School Guide to Programs and Courses.

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professors i. baker, b. cushman-roisin, g. cybenko, e. garmire, t. u. gerngross, r. j. graves, j. j. helble, w. lotko, d. r. lynch, l. r. lynd, k. d. paulsen, b. w. pogue, l. r. ray, e. santos jr., e. m. schulson, s. taylor; professors emeriti a. o. converse, c. e. hutchinson, f. e. kennedy, h. j. richter, b. u. o. sonnerup, g. b. wallis; associate professors h. j. frost, e. w. hansen, m. q. phan, c. r. sullivan, b. s. trembly; assistant professors m. e. ackerman, m. e. borsuk, s. g. diamond, k. e. griswold, j. liu, k. odame, r. olfati-saber; senior lecturers j. p. collier, p. j. hoopes, r. c. lasky, c. g. levey, s. p. mcgrath, v. f. petrenko, p. j. robbie, j. m. rosen, s. g. shepherd; lecturers v. h. berk, d. c. cullen, e. fossum, k. hoyt, m. s. laser, v. v. may, s. o. peterson, f. shubitidze, d.w. van citters, l. wissel.
the undergraduate engineering sciences major leads to an a.b. degree. it pro-vides engineering students with a common core of science and engineering sciences courses. interest in the various branches of engineering is accommodated through electives and usually through additional study leading to a bachelor of engineering or higher degree. for those students considering careers in such diverse fields as medicine, management, or law, the engineering sciences major enables them to better understand our increasingly technological society.
students interested in a career in engineering should plan on completing the bachelor of engineering or master’s program. the bachelor of engineering degree program is accredited by the engineering accreditation commission of abet, 111 market place, suite 1050, baltimore, md 21202-4012 - telephone (410) 347-7700; it is equivalent in technical content to the bachelor of science degree in engineering offered at many other universities but is broader in scope. it requires 10 courses in natural science, mathematics, and engineering beyond the requirements of the major in engineering sciences, and typically requires up to three terms in residence beyond the 12 terms required for the a.b. degree. students who enter dartmouth with advanced standing may be able to complete the b.e. at the same time as the a.b. (i.e., in four years).
the graduate degrees are differentiated according to function. for those interested in design, professional practice, and engineering management, the m.e.m. degree is offered; for those interested primarily in research, the m.s. and ph.d. degrees. additionally a joint m.d./ph.d. program is offered in conjunction with the dartmouth medical school and a joint m.e.m./m.b.a. program with the tuck school of business. the thayer school guide to programs and courses should be consulted for detailed information on all graduate programs (b.e. and above).
several engineering sciences courses have few or no prerequisites and may be taken by first-year students exploring a potential interest in the major, or by non-majors seeking to broaden their education with the study of technology. these courses include engineering sciences 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 31, 37, and 51.
undergraduate courses up to engineering sciences 86 satisfy the technology and applied sciences distributive requirements (tas). some also satisfy the distributive laboratory requirement (tla). for those students interested in an introduction to technology and applied sciences one of the courses engineering sciences 1 through 13 is recommended.
the sequential nature of the engineering sciences curriculum, and the possibilities for developing modified majors with other departments require that students plan their study programs well in advance. assistance in planning programs may be obtained from an engineering faculty advisor.
all first-year students interested in the sciences should take the placement test in mathematics. the prerequisite courses for the engineering sciences major are mathematics 3, 8, 13, physics 13, 14, plus engineering sciences 20 and chemistry 5. computer science 5 can be substituted for engineering sciences 20. for students prepared for advanced placement in calculus it is advisable to take the sequence, mathematics 8 and 13, or mathematics 11.
unless otherwise prohibited, prerequisites for the major may be taken under the non-recording option. no more than two transfer courses may be used for credit in the major.
1. engineering sciences 21, 22, and 23 are required.
2. two from engineering sciences 24, 25, 26, and 27.
3. two from engineering sciences 31 or 32; 33 or 34; 35 or 36; or 37.
two additional courses are required.
4. one elective in engineering science.
5. one elective in engineering science, mathematics or a science course.
a culminating experience in engineering sciences is required. this can be taken instead of one of the electives or as an additional course. the culminating experience may be: a project or a thesis, engineering sciences 86, 88 or 89 (formerly 190) (engineering sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence engineering sciences 89/90 (formerly190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. consult the engineering sciences department for the most recent list.
only engineering sciences courses numbered above 20 (excluding 80 and 87) may be counted as electives in the major.
students seeking to complete the a.b. and b.e. degrees concurrently should note that engineering sciences 89 (formerly 190) may also be counted toward requirements for the b.e. program.
satisfactory completion of the major requires a grade point average of 2.0 in the courses suitable for satisfying the major (other than those prerequisite to the major). the same criterion holds for both courses in a modified major and those in a minor.
the courses in the third tier of the core engineering sciences (31-37) serve as introductions to different areas of engineering. these courses and other electives are offered to allow students to shape their programs to reflect interests in one of the usual branches of engineering or in accordance with their own special interests. in mechanical engineering, the normal third tier core courses and electives are engineering sciences 33, 34 and 76; in electrical engineering, engineering sciences 31, 32, 61 and 62; in computer engineering, engineering sciences 31, 62, 63 (see also modified major below); in environmental engineering, engineering sciences 37, 41, 42 and 43 (see also modified major below); in materials science, engineering sciences 33 and 73; in chemical engineering, engineering sciences 34, 35, 36 and 37 (see also modified major below); in biomedical engineering, engineering sciences 35 and 56. students interested in chemical engineering are advised to elect chemistry 6, 57, and 61 in addition to their engineering courses, and to consult professor lynd in formulating their program.
the biomedical engineering major is offered to students interested in either medical school or graduate studies in biomedical engineering. faculty from thayer school and dartmouth medical school jointly advise the research projects.
prerequisites are mathematics 3, 8, 13, physics 13, 14, chemistry 5-6 or 10, plus engineering sciences 20 and biology 11. computer science 5 can be substituted for engineering sciences 20.
the biomedical engineering major consists of five engineering science courses, engineering sciences 21 and 22, one additional core course chosen from engineering sciences 23, 24, 25, 26 or 27, one gateway course chosen from engineering sciences 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 or 36 and engineering sciences 56 or one additional course chosen from engineering sciences 23, 24, 25 or 26; four biology and chemistry courses, two from biology 12, 13, 14 and chemistry 51-52 or 57-58 and one biochemistry or engineering science elective* chosen from biology 40 or chemistry 41, or an engineering science course numbered 23 or above.
a culminating experience is required. it may be an independent project or honors thesis, engineering sciences 86 or 88, or one of the following courses in biotechnology or biomedical engineering, engineering sciences 160, 161, 162, 165 or 167.
* effective with the class of 2011, students wishing to pursue the be degree are advised to choose an engineering sciences course as their elective.
prerequisites are mathematics 3, 8 and 13, and physics 13 (or physics 3 and 4), and 14. the required courses are engineering sciences 20 (or computer science 5), 21, 22 and two engineering sciences undergraduate courses numbered above 20 (excluding 80 and 87). students should note that some engineering sciences courses require prerequisites in addition to those noted. no engineering sciences course above 20 may be taken under the non-recording option.
prerequisites are mathematics 3 and 8, and physics 13 or physics 3 and 4. the required courses are four engineering sciences courses numbered above 20 (excluding 87), to include engineering science 21 or 22, or both. students should note that many engineering sciences courses, including engineering sciences 22, require prerequisites in addition to mathematics 8 and physics 13. no engineering sciences course above 20 may be taken under the non-recording option.
the minor in materials science is sponsored by faculty in chemistry, physics and engineering with an interest in interdisciplinary education and research in materials science.
the department of engineering sciences and the department of physics and astronomy offer a major in engineering physics. this major features a 5/5 split in courses, unlike a modified major which requires six courses from one field and four from the other.
the engineering physics major is a ten-course program consisting of three engineering sciences core courses (engineering sciences 22, 23, 24); three physics core courses (physics 19, 24, 43 [students taking physics 15 and 16 should substitute a third physics elective for physics 19]); and four electives, two from each department. two electives must be selected from the following list: engineering sciences 25, 33, 34; physics 42, 68, 91; physics 73 or engineering sciences 131; physics 66 or engineering sciences 120; physics 44 or engineering sciences 140. the other two electives* may be courses from the engineering sciences department (numbered above 20, excluding engineering sciences 80 and 87) or courses from the physics and astronomy department which fulfill the straight physics major.
a culminating experience is required in the major which can be taken instead of one of the electives above. it must be one of the following: a project or a thesis, engineering sciences 86, 88 or 190 (engineering sciences 89 (formerly 190)** must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence engineering sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. consult the engineering sciences department for the most recent list) or physics 68, 72, 73, 74, 76, 82, 87, including the senior honors thesis option.
all major programs require an average gpa of 2.0 in all courses counted toward the major, including prerequisites.
for more information contact professor hudson (physics and astronomy) or professors lotko or levey (engineering sciences).
** prior to enrollment in engs 89 (formerly 190), at least six engineering sciences courses must be completed; engineering sciences 21 plus five additional courses numbered 22 to 76.
diverse interests of students have, in the past, led to the construction of engineering sciences majors modified by courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, computer sciences, physics, art, economics, or environmental studies.
the following specific modified majors have been established.
3. for the biology portion: biology 13, plus three courses elected from biology 34, 35, 37, 42, 43, 45, 46, 61, 65, or 71 or chemistry 51 or 57.
students interested in the modified major with biology should contact professor lynd.
2. for the engineering sciences portion: engineering sciences 22, 25 and 36 plus three courses elected from the following: engineering sciences 21, 23, 24, 26, 33, 34, 35, 37, 52, 91, 156, 158 (engineering sciences 91, 156 and 158 also satisfy the culminating experience requirement, see below.) not more than two from 21, 35 and 37 may be counted toward the major.
3. for the chemistry portion: chemistry 51 or 57 and 75 plus two courses elected from chemistry 41, 52 or 58, 63, 64, 67, 76.
4. the modified major must also include a culminating experience, which may be a project or a thesis, engineering sciences 86, 88 or 90 (formerly 190) (engineering sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence engineering sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. consult the engineering sciences department for the most recent list.
students interested in the modified major with chemistry should contact professor lynd.
1. as prerequisites: mathematics 3, 8, and 13; computer science 5; computer science 8, 15 or 18 (computer science 15 and 18 are no longer offered, can be used as prerequisites by students who took them previously); physics 13 and 14; and chemistry 5.
2. for the modified major required courses include: engineering sciences 22, 27 31, computer science 23, plus engineering sciences 23 or 24.
3. for the modified major, breadth options include: a total of five courses from groups a, b, and c with at least one course from each of the groups and three of the courses must be computer science courses; group a includes engineering sciences 32, 62, 63, computer science 37; group b includes engineering sciences 26, 68, 92 (engineering sciences 63 and 92 also satisfy the culminating experience requirement, see below), computer science 78; group c includes engineering sciences 91, computer science 25, 52, 58.
4. the modified major must also include a culminating experience, which may be a project or a thesis, engineering sciences 86, 88 or 89 (formerly 190) (engineering sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence engineering sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. consult the engineering sciences department for the most recent list.
students interested in the modified major with computer science should con-tact professor cybenko.
3. for the earth sciences portion: four earth sciences courses, numbered above 10.
students interested in the modified major with earth sciences should contact professor schulson.
2. for the engineering sciences portion: engineering sciences 22, 25, 37 and three of the following: engineering sciences 27, 34, 35, 36, 41, 43, 44, 52, 171, 172, with at least two courses from among 41, 43, 44.
3. for the environmental sciences portion: four courses from the following list, with at least two courses from one department. biological sciences 21 or 51 (but not both), 22, 25, 53 (formerly 23); chemistry 51, 63; earth sciences 16 (formerly 26), 65, 66, 71, 76; environmental studies 12, 20, 25, 55, 79. additional requirements: chemistry 51 is permitted only as a prerequisite to chemistry 63.
students interested in the modified major with environmental sciences should contact professor cushman-roisin.
3. for the economics portion: two courses among economics 20, 21, 22, and a two-course sequence in money and finance (economics 26 and 36), industrial organization (economics 25 and 45), or (economics 25 and 35), or international trade (economics 29 and 39).
1. as prerequisites: mathematics 3, 8 and 13; physics 13 and 14; engineering sciences 20 or computer science 5; chemistry 5; a course in statistical data analysis, such as economics 10, sociology 10, or mathematics 10.
2. for the engineering sciences portion: engineering sciences 21 and 22, plus one course selected from engineering sciences 23-27, one course selected from engineering sciences 31-37, one course selected from engineering sciences 41, 43, 44, 51, 52, 56 and one engineering sciences course numbered above 20.
3. for the public policy portion: public policy 5, plus at least one public policy methods course, such as: public policy 40-48 or economics 20, and at least one course from a policy track. these are typically mid-level courses in public policy or related departments, and cannot include engineering sciences courses. possible tracks include: environment and public policy; health and public policy; natural resources and public policy; and science/technology and public policy. the rockefeller center maintains a list of suggested offerings in these areas.
students interested in the modified major with public policy should contact professor helble.
3. for the studio art portion: studio art 15 and 16, plus two upper level studio art courses.
students interested in the modified major with studio art should contact professor robbie.
normally, other modified major programs will contain at least three of the following engineering sciences core courses: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 or 37 (plus two engineering sciences electives.) the modified major must also include a culminating experience; this can be taken instead of one of the electives or as an additional course. the culminating experience may be: a project or a thesis, engineering sciences 86, 88 or 89 (formerly 190) (engineering sciences 89 (formerly 190) must be taken as part of the two-course design sequence engineering sciences 89/90 (formerly 190/290); or an advanced engineering sciences course with a significant design or research project, normally taken in the senior year, chosen from an approved list. consult the engineering sciences department for the most recent list. a coherent program of study with a substantial engineering content but not including all or any of the above courses may be approved (by the department chair) as a modified major based in another department, or as a special major.
all modified engineering sciences majors must be approved by the chair of the engineering sciences department.
during their junior or senior year, students may apply for admission to the hon-ors program in engineering sciences. the application must be filed no earlier than the second week of the fall term in the junior year and no later than the second week of the winter term in the senior year. con-tact the chair of the engineering sciences department for details. admission to the honors program may be granted to those students who have attained an overall grade point average of 3.0, and a grade point average of 3.33 in the major.
the main requirement of the honors program is the completion of an honors project. the project, a creative activity suitable to the major subject, is not restricted to experimental work but can equally take the form of a theoretical investigation. much of the development of the honors project will normally take place within the framework of engineering sciences 88, the honors thesis. (engineering sciences 88 also fulfills the requirement for a culminating experience in the major.) upon completion of the project, the student will submit a written thesis and give an oral presentation. those students who satisfactorily complete the honors program with a ‘b+’ average or better and have a grade point average of 3.3 or higher in the major at the time of graduation, will earn honors recognition in the major. high honors will be granted to those students who, in addition, have taken two engineering science courses beyond those required for the major (excluding courses under 20), have attained a grade point average of 3.50 in all engineering courses, and have completed outstanding independent work. a vote of the department is also required prior to awarding high honors. students may begin their project the previous term by enrolling in engineering science 87, undergraduate investigations. an interim evaluation of honors students will be made after one term and continuation will be recommended for those students whose work demonstrates the capacity for satisfactory (b+) work. students who satisfactorily complete the honors program will have entered on their permanent record honors in engineering sciences, or high honors in engineering sciences.
many students majoring in engineering sciences enter dartmouth college with course credits, proficiencies, or both, in a number of subjects resulting from exceptional preparation in high school. as a result, these students have increased elective freedom in choosing courses to satisfy their a.b. requirements.
the 100- and 200-level engineering and engineering sciences courses described in this bulletin can be used to satisfy the a.b. degree requirements.
election of 100- and 200-level engineering and engineering sciences courses in excess of the undergraduate requirements for the major and for admission to any of thayer’s post-a.b. programs will permit a student to be admitted to the thayer school with advanced standing. depending upon the number of elective opportunities, significant reduction in the time required to complete thayer school’s graduate degree programs is possible.
the faculty of the thayer school believes that the education of all graduate students should include reasonable breadth in the areas of applied mathematics and engineering.
1. the requirement is nine approved graduate-level courses, five of which must be engineering courses. for students whose prior preparation is an accredited b.s. or b.e. in engineering, or equivalent, the requirement is six graduate-level courses beyond those required for the b.s.
c. minimum of three courses in engineering depth.
3. a thesis approved by the student’s graduate committee and the faculty, demonstrating the ability to do research and contribute to the field.
4. an oral defense of the thesis.
a faculty advisor will be appointed for each candidate to aid in developing his or her program. the individual course of study must be submitted to, and be approved by, the thayer school graduate committee, during the student’s first term of residency. the thesis must be approved by a thesis committee. the thesis committee generally consists of three faculty members from the student’s department/program of study (including the thesis advisor). one of the three may be from outside the department/program, but this is not a requirement. copyright to theses will be held by the trustees of dartmouth college.
for students recommended for the award of the m.s. degree, the faculty may also recommend the award of the b.e. degree if a substantial portion of the student’s undergraduate program was taken at dartmouth or in one of its official exchange programs and, if in meeting m.s. requirements, the abet criteria for the award of the b.e. are also satisfied. students wishing to take advantage of this opportunity should plan their m.s. programs appropriately. at least one term prior to the scheduled m.s. thesis defense, the b.e./m.s. candidate submits a bachelor of engineering program plan approved by both their advisor and the director of the bachelor of engineering program to the registrar.
the m.s./m.d. program is offered by the thayer school of engineering and dartmouth medical school and is designed for individuals intending to pursue clinical practice but with an interest in developing research skills in a related engineering area. it is also well suited for individuals interested in developing better understanding of imaging and other technologies they will employ as practicing physicians. the program provides m.d. students with a funded research experience in engineering that is expected to lead to research publication as well as provide practical engineering design and analysis experience.
individuals holding an undergraduate degree in engineering and meeting the entrance requirements of each school are eligible to apply. application must be made to each school separately.
candidates are m.d. students who apply to the thayer school for admission in their first, second or third year of medical school. studies for the thayer m.s. will be carried out in the fourth and part of the fifth year.
for specific program requirements, please consult the thayer guide to programs and courses or the thayer website at: http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/.
b. annual participation in the research-in-progress workshop, for which each candidate in residence presents his or her individual research progress.
5. professional competence in resource development for a research project or technology startup enterprise, as demonstrated by completion of a competitive research proposal or business plan for a technology startup company. the proposal or business plan may be developed either independently or as part of the competitive proposal workshop.
d. public oral presentation and defense of the dissertation.
thayer school offers a ph.d. program in innovation, which supplements the student’s engineering research with specific coursework and practice in applying entrepreneurial skills to move research discoveries to market. students in the program in innovation meet all requirements for admission to candidacy and full admission to the ph.d. program, including passing an oral qualifying examination and defending a ph.d. thesis proposal. specific requirements for the candidates in the program in innovation can be found in the thayer school guide to programs and courses.
thayer school of engineering and the dartmouth medical school offer an m.d./ph.d. program in biomedical engineering. students must apply to the medical school, indicating their interest in the joint program. the requirements for the ph.d. portion of the program are modified to permit a more efficient completion of the dual degree program.
a student may begin by first pursuing two years of study in basic science at the medical school. enrollment in thayer school for two years follows, during which the student would take courses, qualify for ph.d. candidacy, pass the oral examination, and initiate dissertation research. alternately, some students prefer to satisfy basic ph.d. requirements before starting medical school. the research would then be continued in concert with years 3 and 4 of the m.d. program (the clinical years), especially during year 4 where dissertation research would be counted as elective courses toward the m.d. both degrees are awarded simultaneously after typically 6 to 6 1/2 years of study.
1. residence at thayer school for a minimum of five terms after the bachelor’s degree, at least one of which occur after successful completion of the oral examination. residence requires three terms of participation in the weekly thayer seminar on applied science and technology.
2. technical proficiency in principles and methods of engineering, applied science, and applied mathematics underlying the anticipated thesis research, as evidenced by performance on an oral qualifying examination. the examination covers at least three fundamental areas selected by the candidate in consultation with his or her special advisory committee and approved by the graduate program committee.
4. specialization with mastery at an advanced level of the body of knowledge pertaining to the candidate’s chosen area of research, as demonstrated by the successful oral defense of a thesis proposal, and by completion of a program of study approved by the m.d./ph.d. biomedical engineering committee. the extent and content of this program are designed to meet the individual interests and needs of the candidate.
b. a dissertation of professional quality certified by the candidate’s thesis committee. the thesis committee consists of a minimum of three full-time faculty members from the student’s department/program of study (including the thesis advisor) and one with an appointment outside the department/program, preferably outside of dartmouth.
a ph.d. in computer science is offered by the graduate program in computer science, including some thayer school faculty. see section entitled computer science for details.
 effective with the class of 2011, students wishing to pursue the be degree are advised to choose an engineering sciences course as their elective.
 effective with the class of 2011, students wishing to pursue the be degree are advised to choose an engineering sciences course as their elective, and to choose engineering sciences 165 for their culminating experience.
 prior to enrollment in engs 89 (formerly 190), at least six engineering sciences courses must be completed; engineering sciences 21 plus five additional courses numbered 22 to 76.
 engs 91, engs 92, engs 93 (formerly 103), engs 100, engs 104, engs 105, engs 106, engs 200, engs 202, engs 205.
 the oral examination, procedures for demonstrating technical breadth, thesis proposal, and work-shop to facilitate development of a competitive research proposal or business plan are described in more detail in the thayer school guide to programs and courses.
 the oral examination, procedures for demonstrating technical breadth, and thesis proposal are described in more detail in the thayer school guide to programs and courses.


text:
Households could face further energy increases after regulator Ofgem warned Britain is heading towards a supply squeeze.
Alistair Buchanan, the watchdog’s outgoing chief executive, said the UK was facing pressure on gas reserves over the next three years as ageing power plants close and the country is forced to ‘go shopping around the world’ for the fossil fuel.
Coal and oil-fired power stations are set to close earlier than expected to meet environmental targets and around 10 per cent of current generation stock will go by April – within three years, it will fall from around 15 per cent margin to below 5 per cent.
Mr Buchanan, who steps down in June after 10 years in the post, said it was inevitable that prices will rise as Britain is forced to import more supplies. ‘We’ve got to go shopping around the world for our gas,’ he said.
‘It’s just horrendous serendipity that just as we have a squeeze on our power and turn to gas, the global markets have a squeeze.
‘After another winter of inflation-busting price hikes, the rising cost of energy is already one of the top financial concerns for hard-pressed households.
There is set to be a gap in Britain’s energy supply as a raft of Britain’s coal fired power stations close over the next few years, with new plants yet to be even built.
Longer-term solutions such as nuclear power stations and tapping into domestic gas share reserves are waiting for the final go ahead from the Government and are unlikely before 2020, meaning that the UK will have to import gas from abroad.
It is expected that gas will account for around 60 per cent of our power station needs instead of 30 per cent today.
Angela Knight, chief executive of Energy UK, the industry’s trade body, said the authorities should ‘get on with exploring the options for UK shale gas reserves to help energy security and focus on the affordability of energy to households and the competitiveness of British industry’.

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households could face further energy increases after regulator ofgem warned britain is heading towards a supply squeeze.
alistair buchanan, the watchdog’s outgoing chief executive, said the uk was facing pressure on gas reserves over the next three years as ageing power plants close and the country is forced to ‘go shopping around the world’ for the fossil fuel.
coal and oil-fired power stations are set to close earlier than expected to meet environmental targets and around 10 per cent of current generation stock will go by april – within three years, it will fall from around 15 per cent margin to below 5 per cent.
mr buchanan, who steps down in june after 10 years in the post, said it was inevitable that prices will rise as britain is forced to import more supplies. ‘we’ve got to go shopping around the world for our gas,’ he said.
‘it’s just horrendous serendipity that just as we have a squeeze on our power and turn to gas, the global markets have a squeeze.
‘after another winter of inflation-busting price hikes, the rising cost of energy is already one of the top financial concerns for hard-pressed households.
there is set to be a gap in britain’s energy supply as a raft of britain’s coal fired power stations close over the next few years, with new plants yet to be even built.
longer-term solutions such as nuclear power stations and tapping into domestic gas share reserves are waiting for the final go ahead from the government and are unlikely before 2020, meaning that the uk will have to import gas from abroad.
it is expected that gas will account for around 60 per cent of our power station needs instead of 30 per cent today.
angela knight, chief executive of energy uk, the industry’s trade body, said the authorities should ‘get on with exploring the options for uk shale gas reserves to help energy security and focus on the affordability of energy to households and the competitiveness of british industry’.


text:
The Intensive Learning Experience revolutionizes the way you expand your veterinary knowledge. We choose topics that matter to you, then create a series of in-depth online courses, which you can complete when you want and where you want. Immerse yourself in lectures on subjects ranging from communicating with clients to complex technical issues.
If you wish to enhance your experience, join us for the in-person lab for the Ultimate Learning Experience. This will allow you to not only take advantage of the benefits online learning offers, but will also provide hands-on education and the ability to ask questions and collaborate with other professionals.

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the intensive learning experience revolutionizes the way you expand your veterinary knowledge. we choose topics that matter to you, then create a series of in-depth online courses, which you can complete when you want and where you want. immerse yourself in lectures on subjects ranging from communicating with clients to complex technical issues.
if you wish to enhance your experience, join us for the in-person lab for the ultimate learning experience. this will allow you to not only take advantage of the benefits online learning offers, but will also provide hands-on education and the ability to ask questions and collaborate with other professionals.


text:
Here at Sunny Hills Veterinary Hospital, we are dedicated to providing the very best orthopedic care for our patients.
Our skilled veterinarians are here to treat the bones, joints, and spine of our patients.
Not many veterinarians are willing and able to complete orthopedic surgeries since they are more complex and difficult to perform. We are proud to be able to provide orthopedic veterinary services to our patients. We also are happy to assist other veterinarians by providing orthopedic surgery to all pets in La Habra, CA and our surrounding communities.
Our goal is to help your pet become more mobile again. To achieve our goal, we are able to do many common orthopedic surgeries, including cruciate repairs, complex bone fractures, and arthroscopic procedures.
Our veterinarians are constantly learning new skills so that they can give your pet the highest quality of veterinary care.
We are always working hard to decrease your pet’s recovery time. We want your pet to be able to move around as soon as possible.
Orthopedic surgery involves more than your typical soft tissue surgeries (like spays and neuters). We take great care of your pet during surgery and recovery too!
TPLO Procedures: Tibial Plateau Leveloing Osteormy (TPLO ) – a surgery for cranial cruciate ligament injury aimed at changing the biomechanics of the stifle (knee). Which leads to better resumption of normal activities than typically is seen with other surgeries for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
Bone surgery – treating broken bones in pets is different that treating a broken limb in humans. We offer bone surgery to fix your pet’s broken bones in the places where healing occurs.
Limb and Tail Amputation: Traumatic injuries to a pet’s tail or limb may necessitate the removal of that appendage. Injuries from automobiles, infections, cancer, and other diseases are all conditions that could lead toa pet’s limb being amputated. Amputation is done either to save a pet’s life or to easy pain brought on by disease or injury. Amputation procedures are a difficult decision for pet owners and our veterinarians will talk to clients about how your pet will cope with amputation. Limb and tail amputations are an involved, but usually not complicated, surgical procedure.
Our staff wants to make sure that you know and understand what you and your pet will be experiencing. We will explain all about the surgery and the aftercare required of you. We will also be sure to talk about your pet’s recovery and what we are expecting from your pet.
Because we all love animals, we know how stressful it can be when your pet has surgery. This is why we spend so much time explaining the surgery and aftercare to you. We want you to understand the surgery, the risks, and what to expect as your pet heals. We will answer any questions you have – before, during, or after surgery. We are only a phone call away if you have any questions once you and your pet are home.
Feel free to contact us today at (714) 526-4694 if you have any questions about surgery or would like to schedule an appointment.

lowercased:
here at sunny hills veterinary hospital, we are dedicated to providing the very best orthopedic care for our patients.
our skilled veterinarians are here to treat the bones, joints, and spine of our patients.
not many veterinarians are willing and able to complete orthopedic surgeries since they are more complex and difficult to perform. we are proud to be able to provide orthopedic veterinary services to our patients. we also are happy to assist other veterinarians by providing orthopedic surgery to all pets in la habra, ca and our surrounding communities.
our goal is to help your pet become more mobile again. to achieve our goal, we are able to do many common orthopedic surgeries, including cruciate repairs, complex bone fractures, and arthroscopic procedures.
our veterinarians are constantly learning new skills so that they can give your pet the highest quality of veterinary care.
we are always working hard to decrease your pet’s recovery time. we want your pet to be able to move around as soon as possible.
orthopedic surgery involves more than your typical soft tissue surgeries (like spays and neuters). we take great care of your pet during surgery and recovery too!
tplo procedures: tibial plateau leveloing osteormy (tplo ) – a surgery for cranial cruciate ligament injury aimed at changing the biomechanics of the stifle (knee). which leads to better resumption of normal activities than typically is seen with other surgeries for cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
bone surgery – treating broken bones in pets is different that treating a broken limb in humans. we offer bone surgery to fix your pet’s broken bones in the places where healing occurs.
limb and tail amputation: traumatic injuries to a pet’s tail or limb may necessitate the removal of that appendage. injuries from automobiles, infections, cancer, and other diseases are all conditions that could lead toa pet’s limb being amputated. amputation is done either to save a pet’s life or to easy pain brought on by disease or injury. amputation procedures are a difficult decision for pet owners and our veterinarians will talk to clients about how your pet will cope with amputation. limb and tail amputations are an involved, but usually not complicated, surgical procedure.
our staff wants to make sure that you know and understand what you and your pet will be experiencing. we will explain all about the surgery and the aftercare required of you. we will also be sure to talk about your pet’s recovery and what we are expecting from your pet.
because we all love animals, we know how stressful it can be when your pet has surgery. this is why we spend so much time explaining the surgery and aftercare to you. we want you to understand the surgery, the risks, and what to expect as your pet heals. we will answer any questions you have – before, during, or after surgery. we are only a phone call away if you have any questions once you and your pet are home.
feel free to contact us today at (714) 526-4694 if you have any questions about surgery or would like to schedule an appointment.


text: The instance [To advance rank of Robert C. Buchanan, now borne on retired list of Army as colonel.], (electronic resource) represents a material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Boston University Libraries. This resource is a combination of several types including: Instance, Electronic.

lowercased: the instance [to advance rank of robert c. buchanan, now borne on retired list of army as colonel.], (electronic resource) represents a material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in boston university libraries. this resource is a combination of several types including: instance, electronic.


text:
From Get Your Folk On! run by the English Folk Dance and Song Society in London.
You want to change lives. By investing in Youth Music, you can help tackle key social issues – unemployment, mental health problems, crime – by giving young people the chance to do something they enjoy and develop important skills at the same time. Music-making works, and we’ve got the evidence to prove it.
We’re very grateful for the support Youth Music receives via public funding by the National Lottery through Arts Council England.
A huge thank you to all the players of People’s Postcode Lottery, who have raised an amazing £1,175,000 for Youth Music so far.
We’re thrilled to have received our fifth donation from Sir Richard Stilgoe’s Alchemy Foundation.
Jazz giant Ronnie Scott’s has generously agreed to co-fund at least one new jazz, big band or improvised music project every year for the next three years.
The Baskin Family Foundation chose to support Youth Music as the charity helps young people develop not only their musical skills, but places great emphasis on their personal and social outcomes too.
The Walcot Foundation is supporting Youth Music with a grant of £60,000 over four years to support our pioneering Exchanging Notes programme.
Want to know more about our work? Our Impact Report offers an overview of our investment and the outcomes for young people over the past year.

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from get your folk on! run by the english folk dance and song society in london.
you want to change lives. by investing in youth music, you can help tackle key social issues – unemployment, mental health problems, crime – by giving young people the chance to do something they enjoy and develop important skills at the same time. music-making works, and we’ve got the evidence to prove it.
we’re very grateful for the support youth music receives via public funding by the national lottery through arts council england.
a huge thank you to all the players of people’s postcode lottery, who have raised an amazing £1,175,000 for youth music so far.
we’re thrilled to have received our fifth donation from sir richard stilgoe’s alchemy foundation.
jazz giant ronnie scott’s has generously agreed to co-fund at least one new jazz, big band or improvised music project every year for the next three years.
the baskin family foundation chose to support youth music as the charity helps young people develop not only their musical skills, but places great emphasis on their personal and social outcomes too.
the walcot foundation is supporting youth music with a grant of £60,000 over four years to support our pioneering exchanging notes programme.
want to know more about our work? our impact report offers an overview of our investment and the outcomes for young people over the past year.


text:
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are you on a search for expert locksmith to safeguard your house? are you a business owner in flower mound tx who wishes to ensure the safety and security of your job space? is maintaining your car safe an issue that you are incapable to find an option for? if the answer to any one of these inquiries is in affirmative, you definitely require the services of a specialist locksmith business that can look after your safety and security well in the flower mound tx city. this is precisely what we do as well as are very efficient at our job. with us, you could be sure of getting only the most professional as well as efficient services without fail.
the devoted customer service department that we have in-house is always offered to speak with the clients as well as aid them resolve their security related questions. the best-in-class equipment that we stock as well as provide to the customers assists them secure their possessions in the very best possible way. handling us is practical as we make certain that our consumers are pleased at the end of the job and also that they do not need to go over the top with their budget plan. we follow the method of giving an estimated budget to the consumers before starting with the activity so that you recognize all facets of the locksmith task that has actually been assigned to us. nevertheless, there are no extra charges or concealed costs that are included. everything is clear and also clearly stated on the composed quote.
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text: The Walbro TU446 OE Replacement Fuel Pump Kit. This kit is rated to operate at 13 volts and has a minimum flow of 60 liters per hour against a normal operating pressure of 50 psi. This fuel pump is typically located In-Tank.

lowercased: the walbro tu446 oe replacement fuel pump kit. this kit is rated to operate at 13 volts and has a minimum flow of 60 liters per hour against a normal operating pressure of 50 psi. this fuel pump is typically located in-tank.


text: My name is Justin, and I just wanted to be one of the first to congratulate you in getting engaged. I am assuming you googled best wedding photographer in Malba and came across this page. Which means you are in search of a talented wedding photography studio. If that is the case, well look no further. Our team of professional wedding photographers and videographers are the BEST in Malba. We specialize in modern and creative images that are not only trendy but will last the test of time. Please take a little time to view some of our recent weddings. We our blend of modern and candid wedding photos are what we think makes us stand out from the rest of the wedding photographers on Long Island.

lowercased: my name is justin, and i just wanted to be one of the first to congratulate you in getting engaged. i am assuming you googled best wedding photographer in malba and came across this page. which means you are in search of a talented wedding photography studio. if that is the case, well look no further. our team of professional wedding photographers and videographers are the best in malba. we specialize in modern and creative images that are not only trendy but will last the test of time. please take a little time to view some of our recent weddings. we our blend of modern and candid wedding photos are what we think makes us stand out from the rest of the wedding photographers on long island.


text: Who knew Cyprus was a hotbed for illustrative talent? Turns out the Med was the perfect place to commission our unique visual story of the journey from nursery to prep to senior school to sixth form in gorgeous pen and ink elegance. From learning about its foundation circa 1399 to creating our highly personal 2015-16 prospectus, it’s been an education.

lowercased: who knew cyprus was a hotbed for illustrative talent? turns out the med was the perfect place to commission our unique visual story of the journey from nursery to prep to senior school to sixth form in gorgeous pen and ink elegance. from learning about its foundation circa 1399 to creating our highly personal 2015-16 prospectus, it’s been an education.


text:
Fujifilm announces Macro Extension Tubes MCEX-11 and MCEX-16.
Fujifilm announces the third generation X100T premium digital compact camera.
Fujifilm announces FUJINON XF50-140mmF2.8 R LM OIS WR lens.
Fujifilm launches new firmware for three X-Series cameras that makes on-the-spot instax printing possible with the instax SHARE Smartphone Printer SP-1.
Fujifilm launches its first weather resistant XF lens FUJINON LENS XF18-135mmF3.5-5.6 R LM OIS WR.
Fujifilm launches a new tele-conversion lens for the FUJIFILM X100/X100S digital cameras.
Fujifilm launches new accessories for the FUJIFILM X-T1: handgrips, a grip strap, an extended eyecup and cover kit.
Fujifilm's premium X-E2 interchangeable lens camera is awarded a GOLD Award by DPReview.

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fujifilm announces macro extension tubes mcex-11 and mcex-16.
fujifilm announces the third generation x100t premium digital compact camera.
fujifilm announces fujinon xf50-140mmf2.8 r lm ois wr lens.
fujifilm launches new firmware for three x-series cameras that makes on-the-spot instax printing possible with the instax share smartphone printer sp-1.
fujifilm launches its first weather resistant xf lens fujinon lens xf18-135mmf3.5-5.6 r lm ois wr.
fujifilm launches a new tele-conversion lens for the fujifilm x100/x100s digital cameras.
fujifilm launches new accessories for the fujifilm x-t1: handgrips, a grip strap, an extended eyecup and cover kit.
fujifilm's premium x-e2 interchangeable lens camera is awarded a gold award by dpreview.


text:
It’s official: grey is now the UK’s favourite new car colour. According to new figures released by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), 495,127 grey cars were registered in 2018, giving it a whopping 20.9 per cent market share, an increase of 1.2 per cent compared to the year before. It’s the first time grey has topped the charts since records began.
While we’re rather fond of some grey colour options like Audi’s Nardo grey and its many battleship-like imitators, the figures make the country’s car buyers look rather conservative. 59 per cent of 2018’s new cars were either grey, black or white, while demand for yellow dropped by 34 per cent.
Orange enjoyed a 37 per cent increase in registrations, but it still accounts for a market share of just 1.1 per cent with 26,042 vehicles sold in total. Weirdly, another ‘winner’ was beige, with a 28 per cent jump giving the hue its first top 10 appearance since 2014.
At the very least, blue and red are still strong sellers - they’re the highest-placed primary colours at fourth and fifth respectively, with a market share of 26.1 per cent between them.
New car buyers of Britain, can you please be a little more adventurous this year?

lowercased:
it’s official: grey is now the uk’s favourite new car colour. according to new figures released by the society of motor manufacturers and traders (smmt), 495,127 grey cars were registered in 2018, giving it a whopping 20.9 per cent market share, an increase of 1.2 per cent compared to the year before. it’s the first time grey has topped the charts since records began.
while we’re rather fond of some grey colour options like audi’s nardo grey and its many battleship-like imitators, the figures make the country’s car buyers look rather conservative. 59 per cent of 2018’s new cars were either grey, black or white, while demand for yellow dropped by 34 per cent.
orange enjoyed a 37 per cent increase in registrations, but it still accounts for a market share of just 1.1 per cent with 26,042 vehicles sold in total. weirdly, another ‘winner’ was beige, with a 28 per cent jump giving the hue its first top 10 appearance since 2014.
at the very least, blue and red are still strong sellers - they’re the highest-placed primary colours at fourth and fifth respectively, with a market share of 26.1 per cent between them.
new car buyers of britain, can you please be a little more adventurous this year?


text:
How can I accurately relate the analysis of a sample portion of a census to an entire population?
I am reseraching Norwegian female immigrants to Chicago during the turn of the 20th century for a graduate history paper I am writing. I am using the 1% random selection from the 1880, 1900, and 1920 censuses to look at how many of the Norwegian immigrant women in Chicago from those selections were married, employed in certain types of jobs, etc. However, I am not sure how to relate my findings to the larger Norwegian female immigrant population of Chicago or if it can be done accurately. Even if it cannot be done, what is the best way to report my analysis of these much smaller segments accurately and explain the sample.
Yes, this is possible via the use of sample weight variables. Ethnicity and immigration status variables are person-level variables and so you will want to use the PERWT variable in your analysis. For more information on sample weights, see here. For specific information about the sampling designs of particular census samples, see here.

lowercased:
how can i accurately relate the analysis of a sample portion of a census to an entire population?
i am reseraching norwegian female immigrants to chicago during the turn of the 20th century for a graduate history paper i am writing. i am using the 1% random selection from the 1880, 1900, and 1920 censuses to look at how many of the norwegian immigrant women in chicago from those selections were married, employed in certain types of jobs, etc. however, i am not sure how to relate my findings to the larger norwegian female immigrant population of chicago or if it can be done accurately. even if it cannot be done, what is the best way to report my analysis of these much smaller segments accurately and explain the sample.
yes, this is possible via the use of sample weight variables. ethnicity and immigration status variables are person-level variables and so you will want to use the perwt variable in your analysis. for more information on sample weights, see here. for specific information about the sampling designs of particular census samples, see here.


text:
Thurston Community College receives a grant from government to provide identified students with the additional support which may be necessary to ensure that they achieve their full potential.
The grant is paid in respect of students who have qualified for free school meals in the last six years, students who have been or are currently in care or have been adopted. It is also paid in respect of students whose parent has served in one of the regular armed forces within the last six years or in some circumstances is in receipt of a military pension.
Thurston Community College uses the funding to support students in various ways. We employ specialist staff to remove barriers to learning, both academic and emotional. We support curriculum based educational visits (this does NOT include Personal, Social, Health and Citizenship Education Week). Where appropriate we may also provide equipment and resources to enable a student to access the curriculum.
If you require additional information about how the college can support your child please contact your child’s Assistant Principal House Leader. If you have any further inquiries about Pupil Premium Grant expenditure please contact Mrs Dawn Ford, Assistant Principal.
Ever 6 Free School Meals: The pupil premium for 2018-19 will include students recorded in the January 2019 census who are known to have been eligible for free school meals in any of the previous 6 years as well as those first known to be eligible at January 2019.
Children Adopted From Care or Who Have Left Care: The pupil premium for 2018-19 will include students recorded in the January 2019 census who were looked after by an English or Welsh Local Authority immediately before being adopted, or who left local authority care on a special guardianship order or child arrangements order (previously known as a residence order). These are collectively referred to as a post CLA.
Ever 6 Services Child: The grant will be paid in respect of a student recorded in the January 2019 census who was eligible for the service child premium at any time since the January 2014 census as well as those recorded for the first time on the January 2019 census.

lowercased:
thurston community college receives a grant from government to provide identified students with the additional support which may be necessary to ensure that they achieve their full potential.
the grant is paid in respect of students who have qualified for free school meals in the last six years, students who have been or are currently in care or have been adopted. it is also paid in respect of students whose parent has served in one of the regular armed forces within the last six years or in some circumstances is in receipt of a military pension.
thurston community college uses the funding to support students in various ways. we employ specialist staff to remove barriers to learning, both academic and emotional. we support curriculum based educational visits (this does not include personal, social, health and citizenship education week). where appropriate we may also provide equipment and resources to enable a student to access the curriculum.
if you require additional information about how the college can support your child please contact your child’s assistant principal house leader. if you have any further inquiries about pupil premium grant expenditure please contact mrs dawn ford, assistant principal.
ever 6 free school meals: the pupil premium for 2018-19 will include students recorded in the january 2019 census who are known to have been eligible for free school meals in any of the previous 6 years as well as those first known to be eligible at january 2019.
children adopted from care or who have left care: the pupil premium for 2018-19 will include students recorded in the january 2019 census who were looked after by an english or welsh local authority immediately before being adopted, or who left local authority care on a special guardianship order or child arrangements order (previously known as a residence order). these are collectively referred to as a post cla.
ever 6 services child: the grant will be paid in respect of a student recorded in the january 2019 census who was eligible for the service child premium at any time since the january 2014 census as well as those recorded for the first time on the january 2019 census.


text:
Citiforms can provide plastic laser-printable cards for almost any model and speed of laser printer. Whether you are printing on-demand or looking for a print-to-mail solution, the Citiforms patented family of cards will provide you the quality of imaging you want for your Membership ID card program.
of 10 to 50 pages per minute.
of 50 to 180 pages per minute.
© 2019 Citiforms All Rights Reserved.

lowercased:
citiforms can provide plastic laser-printable cards for almost any model and speed of laser printer. whether you are printing on-demand or looking for a print-to-mail solution, the citiforms patented family of cards will provide you the quality of imaging you want for your membership id card program.
of 10 to 50 pages per minute.
of 50 to 180 pages per minute.
© 2019 citiforms all rights reserved.


text:
It’s Christmas time at Crescent Hall, but don’t expect peace, harmony and goodwill among men. When Mason Hall and his wife, Regan, invite their friends to stay for the holidays, sparks fly in an epic battle of the sexes, military style!
Navy SEAL Dan Hemmins goes head to head with soldier Sarah Metlin to prove once and for all that woman can’t possibly qualify for an elite branch of the military, but when Sarah proves she’s not just one of the most qualified warriors he’s ever met, she’s also one of the smartest and sexiest, too, he’ll do whatever it takes to get close to her, even if he has to challenge her to another contest…or three…or five!
There might not be peace and harmony, but there certainly was lots of ex-military men, friends, and cheerful fellowship!
Dan and Sarah both are very competitive by nature. And when you add the instant attraction they feel for each other, their only goal is to beat one another, at first. Whoa, those two are steaming hot together!! It is very sensual, delightful and acrobatic (yes, you read right!) when there to get together.
But as well as they are compatible physically with each other, their communication skills need a longer acquaintance. Luckily they get everything worked out, before everything is lost.

lowercased:
it’s christmas time at crescent hall, but don’t expect peace, harmony and goodwill among men. when mason hall and his wife, regan, invite their friends to stay for the holidays, sparks fly in an epic battle of the sexes, military style!
navy seal dan hemmins goes head to head with soldier sarah metlin to prove once and for all that woman can’t possibly qualify for an elite branch of the military, but when sarah proves she’s not just one of the most qualified warriors he’s ever met, she’s also one of the smartest and sexiest, too, he’ll do whatever it takes to get close to her, even if he has to challenge her to another contest…or three…or five!
there might not be peace and harmony, but there certainly was lots of ex-military men, friends, and cheerful fellowship!
dan and sarah both are very competitive by nature. and when you add the instant attraction they feel for each other, their only goal is to beat one another, at first. whoa, those two are steaming hot together!! it is very sensual, delightful and acrobatic (yes, you read right!) when there to get together.
but as well as they are compatible physically with each other, their communication skills need a longer acquaintance. luckily they get everything worked out, before everything is lost.