text:
To M/T Vivi on the "Ships starting with V" page.
Picture received (via Neil Carlsen) from Dag Midbøe who served on this ship from June-1939 until Nov.-1940.
Some of the early voyage details given below were also received from him.
(See also text for Leiv Eiriksson).
Tonnage: 6546 gt, 9815 tdwt., 11 knots.
Delivered from Akers mek. Verksted, Oslo in Oct.-1932 as Vivi to A/S Vestheim (Halfdan Ditlev-Simonsen & Co.), Oslo. 433' x 58.1' x 26.3'. Dbl. scr. 2 x 6 cyl. 4T singl. 550/100, 2300 bhp B&W DM, 11 knots. (Sister ship of M/T Dageid).
Captain: Mads Ansgar Danielsen, from 1940 until the end of the war.
Other crew members are named within the text.
Under The Ministry of War Transport from Apr. 30-1940 and managed by Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. In service on the Atlantic and Far East, usually with aviation fuel.
May 21 Bermuda portion joined main convoy   HX 43 Straggled May 24.
June 12 Milford Haven   OB 166 For Gibraltar.
Detached to OG 33, June 13.
June 13 Joined from OB 166 Gibraltar June 19 OG 33 Convoy will be added.
Dec. 25 Milford Haven   OB 265 For Port Arthur.
March 26 Loch Ewe   OB 302 Dispersed March 30.
June 7 Milford Haven   OB 331 Dispersed June 19.
Aug. 10 Milford Haven   ON 6 For NYC.
Oct. 1 Milford Haven   ON 22 For NYC.
Jan. 13 Aden Suez Jan. 25* Independent *Page 2 gives arrival Jan. 19.
May 25* Adelaide Port Pirie May 31 Independent *Page 3 gives departure May 29.
June 26 Adelaide Abadan  Independent Page 3 gives arrival July 30.
Sept. 19 Bandar Abbas   PB 3 For Melbourne.
July 11 Sydney, N.S.W.   CO 108 Dispersed July 13.
Haifa/Tripoli, Syria/Egypt to Aug. 22-1944.
1944 Aug. 23 Port Said Oran Sept. 2 GUS 50 Port Said to Oran.
Sept. 11 Oran Baltimore Sept. 28 GUS 51 Oran to USA.
Nov. 14 Belfast Lough Philadelphia Dec. 2 ON 266 Convoy will be added.
Dec. 19 New York City Liverpool Jan. 3-1945 HX 327 See also narrative below.
1945 Jan. 13 Liverpool Cape Cod Canal Jan. 31* ON 278 *Page 5 gives arrival Jan. 29.
Jan. 29 Cape Cod Canal New York City Jan. 30 Independent Fire Febr. 5-1945.
May 5 New York City   NK 685 Detached May 10.
Oct. 10 Bremerhaven Corpus Christi  Independent Page 6 gives arrival Nov. 2 (via Downs).
Nov. 14* Corpus Christi Clyde Nov. 26 Independent *Page 6 gives departure Nov. 4 (via New York).
Based on the captain's report, as well as crew member Dag Midbøe's documents. As will be seen, when comparing their info with the details found in the original archive images, some dates are different, but rather than correcting them I've left them as they appear in the captain's report and/or Midbøe's docs.
The information has been compared to, and supplemented with, convoy information from misc. other sources. Follow the links provided for more details - several Norwegian ships took part (all the HX convoys will later be updated, for now, go to ships in all HX convoys).
In the summer of 1939, Vivi was in coastal service between various ports in the U.K.: Liverpool-Hull-Stanford le Hope-Swansea-Avonmouth-Falmouth, then went from Falmouth to Abadan. She departed Abadan for Lands End for orders on Aug. 8. Due to the outbreak of war, she was ordered into Lisbon on Sept. 4, then proceeded to Liverpool, arriving Oct. 18-1939, leaving Liverpool on Oct. 20 for Corpus Christi, arriving Nov. 10. Left Corpus Christi on Nov. 22 for Gothenburg via Bergen, Norway, but was stopped by a British Naval vessel on Dec. 7 and taken into Kirkwall that same day. Departed Kirkwall for Bergen on Dec. 11 with arrival the following day, leaving that same day (Dec. 12) for Gothenburg, where she arrived on Dec. 16-1939.
"Germany has invaded Norway and Denmark. As a result, all Danish and Norwegian shipping is to be taken under British protection. You must therefore go straight to a British Port and report to the Naval Control Service Officer. He will give you orders for your safety and instructions about the route you should follow. You may go to any of the following ports: Halifax (Nova Scotia), Bermuda, Nassau (Bahamas), Kingston (Jamaica), and Port of Spain (Trinidad). Please inform me which port you choose and your expected time of arrival. In the meantime, you should make preparations for painting out the National emblems on your side, and for darkening your ship if so ordered. Do not make any wireless signal except to report enemy attack or in case of distress. The Naval Control Service Officer will arrange for you to communicate with your owners on arrival."
Signed Charles Yambe, Captain Royal Navy.
Vivi headed for Port of Spain (arrived Apr. 15), where they had to wait for quite a while before all the necessary papers etc. were in order (see my page about Nortraship for info on the difficulties experienced by Norwegian ships in those early days of the war). Many other Norwegian ships were already there, with more arriving every day until there were about 25-30 Norwegian ships waiting for further orders. Once everything had been taken care of, she picked up a cargo of petrol (on Scheme to Anglo-Saxon) - she left Port of Spain on May 8, arrived Bermuda May 15, joining convoy Convoy BHX 43 that same day and arrived Avonmouth on May 30. After the petrol had been discharged (possibly in Cardiff, where she had arrived from Avonmouth on June 5), she was sent to Abadan on June 8 to load aviation fuel for the U.K. By the time the convoy* she was in reached Gibraltar, Italy had entered the war (June 10-1940) and the convoy was routed around South Africa. Vivi stopped at Cape Town, where she was ordered to have degaussing and protection around the bridge installed in Port Elisabeth. This was done, and she continued to Abadan, where she arrived on Aug. 14. The aviation fuel was loaded and on Aug. 16, she started on her return voyage to the U.K., via Cape Town and Freetown (arr. Sept. 28) for convoy. She joined Convoy SL 50 in Freetown on Oct. 3 (see the external link provided in the Voyage Record - the Norwegian Beduin, Maridal and Salamis are also listed). On arrival Barry Roads on Oct. 26 they had to wait for quite a while before they could continue and had some nerve racking moments, because several other ships around them struck mines that had been dropped in the area by German aircraft. She left Barry Roads on Nov. 5-1940 and arrived Avonmouth that same day. Please compare these details with the information found on Page 1 of the archive documents, as well as the above Voyage Record (as already mentioned, some of the dates are different).
* Vivi is listed in Convoy OB 166 in this time period (external link). The convoy originated in Liverpool on June 11-1940 and joined up with Convoy OA 166 on the 13th, the combined convoy forming Convoy OG 33, which arrived Gibraltar on June 19. This convoy will be added to an individual page in my Convoys section, in the meantime, the ships sailing in it are named on the page listing ships in all OG convoys.
After her aviation fuel had been discharged, Vivi went to Barry Docks for the installation of armament, before she headed across the Atlantic (it'll be noticed, when going back to Page 1, that she spent several weeks in Barry). She's listed as bound for Port Arthur in Convoy OB 265, which originated in Liverpool on Dec. 26-1940 and dispersed on the 30th - again, see the external link in the table above; Bianca and Somerville (returned) are also mentioned. According to the archive document, Vivi arrived Port Arthur on Jan. 18-1941, having started out from Milford Haven on Dec. 25.
She subsequently continued in this service, usually with aviation fuel. For instance, in Febr.-1941 she can be found in Convoy BHX 109 from Bermuda (main convoy will be added - see ships in all HX convoys - Augvald was sunk; follow the link for details), and towards the end of March we find her in Convoy OB 302, which originated in Liverpool on March 24 and dispersed 6 days later (also available via the external link in the Voyage Record - Alaska, Polartank, Solstad, Stigstad and Torvanger [Commodore Vessel] are also listed). No destination is given for Vivi on that occasion, but going back to Page 1, we see that she arrived Curacao on Apr. 16, having sailed from Loch Ewe on March 26. On Apr. 30, she joined Convoy HX 124 from Halifax, and in June she's listed, together with Barbro, Elg, Hardanger, Havsten, Hellen, Ida Knudsen, Solfonn, Torfinn Jarl and Troubdour, in Convoy OB 331, which originated in Liverpool June 8 and dispersed June 19, Vivi arriving Halifax on June 22, proceeding to New Orleans that same day - her voyages in this period are shown on Page 2.
In July, she sailed back to the U.K. in Convoy HX 139 (the Commodore's report is also available), and the following month, she's listed as bound for New York with Convoy ON 6, which left Liverpool on Aug. 11-1941 and dispersed on the 24th, Vivi arriving New York Aug. 28. On Sept. 4, she shows up in station 76 of Convoy HX 148 from Halifax. Other Norwegian ships were Ørnefjell (55), James Hawson (83), Grey County (93), Stigstad (64), Idefjord (35), Egda (54), Herbrand (52) and Mirlo (23), as well as the Panamanian Norvinn (Norwegian managers, therefore listed on this website, station 53 - A. Hague has also included Gefion). Early the following month, she joined the westbound Convoy ON 22*, originating in Liverpool Oct. 2, dispersed Oct. 15, Vivi arriving New York Oct. 19. Eglantine is named among the escorts - see ON convoy escorts. She now took on board a cargo for South Africa, then went from there to Abadan, and later made some voyages from the latter port to Suez, India and Australia - again, see Page 2, as well as Page 3.
In Dec. 1942, she arrived San Pedro where she underwent an extensive overhaul which took 6 months, meaning she was not ready to go back to sea until June-1943, at which time she started carrying diesel oil and crude oil as well as fuel oil, often short voyages. She had loaded diesel oil in San Pedro for Australia, then went to Abadan where cargo was loaded for Port Said and Alexandria. She subsequently carried crude oil between Tripoli and Haifa (as will be seen on Page 3, she had a long stay in Haifa in the fall of 1943), with an occasional voyage to Port Said and Alexandria with fuel oil (see also Page 4 and Page 5), continuing in this type of service until Aug.-1944, when she was sent to the U.S. for repairs of misc. damages (convoy info in Voyage Record). These repairs may have been done in Baltimore - it'll be noticed, when going back to the archive document, that she had a long stay there in the fall of 1944.
Vivi now entered Trans-Antlantic service again for the rest of the war. She joined Convoy HX 316 from New York in Oct.-1944, bound for Belfast and Heysham (Commodore in Abraham Lincoln, Vice Commodore in Brimanger), returning across the Atlantic with Convoy ON 266* (departure Southend Nov. 12, arrival New York Dec. 3; Vivi arrived Philadelphia Dec. 2, having started out from Belfast Lough on Nov. 14). She was scheduled for HX 324 from New York on Dec. 4, but did not sail and was also cancelled from HX 325 and HX 326. She eventually got away with HX 327 on Dec. 19, for which the Norwegian Ivaran served as Commodore Vessel. Vivi arrived Manchester, via Liverpool and Eastham, on Jan. 6-1945 (Page 5).
* The ON convoys will be added to individual pages in my Convoys section in due course, along with further details on each. In the meantime, the ships sailing in them (and escorts) are named in the section listing ships in all ON convoys. As will be seen, they all had several Norwegian ships.
Vivi had a complement of 40 at the time. Captain Danielsen and Able Seaman Hjalmar Gundersen had gone ashore in a motorboat at 08:45 that morning, just before the alarm was sounded, when the tanker Springhill was seen to be on fire. In a letter from Nortraship, New York to Nortraship, London it was stated that the two ships were about 50-100 meters away from Vivi when the accident happened. An able seaman still on board had seen the collision and realized immediately that the situation was dangerous, so he ran down to his cabin to get his lifevest, but by the time he got back on deck, the fire had already reached Vivi, which was only about 50 yards away from Springhill. Clio had been inward bound in ballast when she ran into the T2 tanker (according to A. Hague, Clio had arrived New York from Puerto la Cruz on Jan. 31, and returned to Puerto la Cruz on Febr. 8). Burning aviation fuel was flung high up in the air and landed all around Vivi, as well as on her deck.
Efforts were made to rescue some of Springhill's men who had jumped overboard and were swimming and drifting with the current towards Vivi, but these efforts had to be abandoned when she herself was engulfed in flames. The starboard aft boat and the 2 rafts there were launched, while those amidships could not be reached because of the smoke and flames. 25 men were able to get into the lifeboat, but it was quickly surrounded by the flames and set on fire, so they had to jump overboard and try to save themselves by swimming away as fast as they could. Some were picked up by the U.S Coast Guard's vessels and by tugs which had arrived on the scene, and were as quickly as possible taken to the U.S. Marine Hospital, Staten Island.
Meanwhile, Chief Engineer Alfred Toftevaag, the 2nd Engineer and 4 mechanics were in the engine room, with the initial intent of starting the engine to get her out. But when she became surrounded by flames within minutes, and smoke started to fill the room, orders were given to abandon this idea and get off the ship. This proved to be impossible, however, so the chief gave orders for full speed ahead for both engines, and after 10 minutes the air was clear enough that they were able to escape through the emergency exit. Once on deck, Vivi was still seen to be on fire, but she was now out of the area of the burning fuel in the water. Their attempts to extinguish the fire had to be given up because they were unable to get any water flowing through the hose, but at that time fire fighters came alongside, and coast guard vessels took the 4 mechanics on board. The fire was extinguished at 11 o'clock.
It so happened that the 6 who had stayed on board until it was too late to leave were, in fact, the ones who not only saved the ship by maneuvering her away from the fire, thereby enabling the coast guard and fire fighters to come alongside, but they were also the ones who had escaped injury altogether, while all those who had managed to get off the ship and into a lifeboat had varying degrees of injuries.
The 1st mate and the boatswain had died when they ran to the front of the ship to try to lift anchor. Their bodies were later found together with that of the carpenter, and all 3 were buried in Brooklyn on Febr. 9-1945.
Galley Boy Tu Chi Teze.
Note that the Memorial for Seamen in Stavern, Norway, which I've linked to below, has added an 8th Norwegian casualty, namely 3rd Mate Peder A. Nilsen.
A British gunner, Eric Gardner saved the life of his shipmate, the Norwegian gunner Yngvar Øistein Heier after they had abandoned the burning lifeboat.
2nd Mate at this time was J. Ødegård.
In spite of the damages, Vivi's cargo and oil hoses on deck were unharmed, and a couple of days later the diesel oil was discharged.
Following the fire, Vivi spent 3 months repairing in New York, and had just taken on a new cargo to continue her service, when word was received that the war had ended in Europe. Her subsequent voyages are shown on Page 5 and Page 6, up to and including Apr.-1946 - again, see also A. Hague's Voyage Record above.
Sold in March-1955 for breaking up in the U.K.
Stavern Memorial commemorations - 8 Norwegians are commemorated at this memorial for seamen in Stavern, Norway. The names and titles correspond to the ones I've listed above. This website has added 3rd Mate Peder A. Nilsen. I looked him up in "Våre falne", a series of 4 books naming Norwegians who died during the war, but cannot find him. According to this book, Carpenter A. Anundsen is buried at Fresh Pond Crematory.
Back to M/T Vivi on the "Ships starting with V" page.
The text on this page was compiled with the help of: "Nortraships flåte", J. R. Hegland, "19 Oslo-skips historie under verdenskrigen, fra April 1940 til krigens slutt i 1945" (The story of 19 Oslo ships during WW II), Harald Nicolaisen - 1945, and misc. - (ref. My sources).

lowercased:
to m/t vivi on the "ships starting with v" page.
picture received (via neil carlsen) from dag midbøe who served on this ship from june-1939 until nov.-1940.
some of the early voyage details given below were also received from him.
(see also text for leiv eiriksson).
tonnage: 6546 gt, 9815 tdwt., 11 knots.
delivered from akers mek. verksted, oslo in oct.-1932 as vivi to a/s vestheim (halfdan ditlev-simonsen & co.), oslo. 433' x 58.1' x 26.3'. dbl. scr. 2 x 6 cyl. 4t singl. 550/100, 2300 bhp b&w dm, 11 knots. (sister ship of m/t dageid).
captain: mads ansgar danielsen, from 1940 until the end of the war.
other crew members are named within the text.
under the ministry of war transport from apr. 30-1940 and managed by anglo-iranian oil company. in service on the atlantic and far east, usually with aviation fuel.
may 21 bermuda portion joined main convoy   hx 43 straggled may 24.
june 12 milford haven   ob 166 for gibraltar.
detached to og 33, june 13.
june 13 joined from ob 166 gibraltar june 19 og 33 convoy will be added.
dec. 25 milford haven   ob 265 for port arthur.
march 26 loch ewe   ob 302 dispersed march 30.
june 7 milford haven   ob 331 dispersed june 19.
aug. 10 milford haven   on 6 for nyc.
oct. 1 milford haven   on 22 for nyc.
jan. 13 aden suez jan. 25* independent *page 2 gives arrival jan. 19.
may 25* adelaide port pirie may 31 independent *page 3 gives departure may 29.
june 26 adelaide abadan  independent page 3 gives arrival july 30.
sept. 19 bandar abbas   pb 3 for melbourne.
july 11 sydney, n.s.w.   co 108 dispersed july 13.
haifa/tripoli, syria/egypt to aug. 22-1944.
1944 aug. 23 port said oran sept. 2 gus 50 port said to oran.
sept. 11 oran baltimore sept. 28 gus 51 oran to usa.
nov. 14 belfast lough philadelphia dec. 2 on 266 convoy will be added.
dec. 19 new york city liverpool jan. 3-1945 hx 327 see also narrative below.
1945 jan. 13 liverpool cape cod canal jan. 31* on 278 *page 5 gives arrival jan. 29.
jan. 29 cape cod canal new york city jan. 30 independent fire febr. 5-1945.
may 5 new york city   nk 685 detached may 10.
oct. 10 bremerhaven corpus christi  independent page 6 gives arrival nov. 2 (via downs).
nov. 14* corpus christi clyde nov. 26 independent *page 6 gives departure nov. 4 (via new york).
based on the captain's report, as well as crew member dag midbøe's documents. as will be seen, when comparing their info with the details found in the original archive images, some dates are different, but rather than correcting them i've left them as they appear in the captain's report and/or midbøe's docs.
the information has been compared to, and supplemented with, convoy information from misc. other sources. follow the links provided for more details - several norwegian ships took part (all the hx convoys will later be updated, for now, go to ships in all hx convoys).
in the summer of 1939, vivi was in coastal service between various ports in the u.k.: liverpool-hull-stanford le hope-swansea-avonmouth-falmouth, then went from falmouth to abadan. she departed abadan for lands end for orders on aug. 8. due to the outbreak of war, she was ordered into lisbon on sept. 4, then proceeded to liverpool, arriving oct. 18-1939, leaving liverpool on oct. 20 for corpus christi, arriving nov. 10. left corpus christi on nov. 22 for gothenburg via bergen, norway, but was stopped by a british naval vessel on dec. 7 and taken into kirkwall that same day. departed kirkwall for bergen on dec. 11 with arrival the following day, leaving that same day (dec. 12) for gothenburg, where she arrived on dec. 16-1939.
"germany has invaded norway and denmark. as a result, all danish and norwegian shipping is to be taken under british protection. you must therefore go straight to a british port and report to the naval control service officer. he will give you orders for your safety and instructions about the route you should follow. you may go to any of the following ports: halifax (nova scotia), bermuda, nassau (bahamas), kingston (jamaica), and port of spain (trinidad). please inform me which port you choose and your expected time of arrival. in the meantime, you should make preparations for painting out the national emblems on your side, and for darkening your ship if so ordered. do not make any wireless signal except to report enemy attack or in case of distress. the naval control service officer will arrange for you to communicate with your owners on arrival."
signed charles yambe, captain royal navy.
vivi headed for port of spain (arrived apr. 15), where they had to wait for quite a while before all the necessary papers etc. were in order (see my page about nortraship for info on the difficulties experienced by norwegian ships in those early days of the war). many other norwegian ships were already there, with more arriving every day until there were about 25-30 norwegian ships waiting for further orders. once everything had been taken care of, she picked up a cargo of petrol (on scheme to anglo-saxon) - she left port of spain on may 8, arrived bermuda may 15, joining convoy convoy bhx 43 that same day and arrived avonmouth on may 30. after the petrol had been discharged (possibly in cardiff, where she had arrived from avonmouth on june 5), she was sent to abadan on june 8 to load aviation fuel for the u.k. by the time the convoy* she was in reached gibraltar, italy had entered the war (june 10-1940) and the convoy was routed around south africa. vivi stopped at cape town, where she was ordered to have degaussing and protection around the bridge installed in port elisabeth. this was done, and she continued to abadan, where she arrived on aug. 14. the aviation fuel was loaded and on aug. 16, she started on her return voyage to the u.k., via cape town and freetown (arr. sept. 28) for convoy. she joined convoy sl 50 in freetown on oct. 3 (see the external link provided in the voyage record - the norwegian beduin, maridal and salamis are also listed). on arrival barry roads on oct. 26 they had to wait for quite a while before they could continue and had some nerve racking moments, because several other ships around them struck mines that had been dropped in the area by german aircraft. she left barry roads on nov. 5-1940 and arrived avonmouth that same day. please compare these details with the information found on page 1 of the archive documents, as well as the above voyage record (as already mentioned, some of the dates are different).
* vivi is listed in convoy ob 166 in this time period (external link). the convoy originated in liverpool on june 11-1940 and joined up with convoy oa 166 on the 13th, the combined convoy forming convoy og 33, which arrived gibraltar on june 19. this convoy will be added to an individual page in my convoys section, in the meantime, the ships sailing in it are named on the page listing ships in all og convoys.
after her aviation fuel had been discharged, vivi went to barry docks for the installation of armament, before she headed across the atlantic (it'll be noticed, when going back to page 1, that she spent several weeks in barry). she's listed as bound for port arthur in convoy ob 265, which originated in liverpool on dec. 26-1940 and dispersed on the 30th - again, see the external link in the table above; bianca and somerville (returned) are also mentioned. according to the archive document, vivi arrived port arthur on jan. 18-1941, having started out from milford haven on dec. 25.
she subsequently continued in this service, usually with aviation fuel. for instance, in febr.-1941 she can be found in convoy bhx 109 from bermuda (main convoy will be added - see ships in all hx convoys - augvald was sunk; follow the link for details), and towards the end of march we find her in convoy ob 302, which originated in liverpool on march 24 and dispersed 6 days later (also available via the external link in the voyage record - alaska, polartank, solstad, stigstad and torvanger [commodore vessel] are also listed). no destination is given for vivi on that occasion, but going back to page 1, we see that she arrived curacao on apr. 16, having sailed from loch ewe on march 26. on apr. 30, she joined convoy hx 124 from halifax, and in june she's listed, together with barbro, elg, hardanger, havsten, hellen, ida knudsen, solfonn, torfinn jarl and troubdour, in convoy ob 331, which originated in liverpool june 8 and dispersed june 19, vivi arriving halifax on june 22, proceeding to new orleans that same day - her voyages in this period are shown on page 2.
in july, she sailed back to the u.k. in convoy hx 139 (the commodore's report is also available), and the following month, she's listed as bound for new york with convoy on 6, which left liverpool on aug. 11-1941 and dispersed on the 24th, vivi arriving new york aug. 28. on sept. 4, she shows up in station 76 of convoy hx 148 from halifax. other norwegian ships were ørnefjell (55), james hawson (83), grey county (93), stigstad (64), idefjord (35), egda (54), herbrand (52) and mirlo (23), as well as the panamanian norvinn (norwegian managers, therefore listed on this website, station 53 - a. hague has also included gefion). early the following month, she joined the westbound convoy on 22*, originating in liverpool oct. 2, dispersed oct. 15, vivi arriving new york oct. 19. eglantine is named among the escorts - see on convoy escorts. she now took on board a cargo for south africa, then went from there to abadan, and later made some voyages from the latter port to suez, india and australia - again, see page 2, as well as page 3.
in dec. 1942, she arrived san pedro where she underwent an extensive overhaul which took 6 months, meaning she was not ready to go back to sea until june-1943, at which time she started carrying diesel oil and crude oil as well as fuel oil, often short voyages. she had loaded diesel oil in san pedro for australia, then went to abadan where cargo was loaded for port said and alexandria. she subsequently carried crude oil between tripoli and haifa (as will be seen on page 3, she had a long stay in haifa in the fall of 1943), with an occasional voyage to port said and alexandria with fuel oil (see also page 4 and page 5), continuing in this type of service until aug.-1944, when she was sent to the u.s. for repairs of misc. damages (convoy info in voyage record). these repairs may have been done in baltimore - it'll be noticed, when going back to the archive document, that she had a long stay there in the fall of 1944.
vivi now entered trans-antlantic service again for the rest of the war. she joined convoy hx 316 from new york in oct.-1944, bound for belfast and heysham (commodore in abraham lincoln, vice commodore in brimanger), returning across the atlantic with convoy on 266* (departure southend nov. 12, arrival new york dec. 3; vivi arrived philadelphia dec. 2, having started out from belfast lough on nov. 14). she was scheduled for hx 324 from new york on dec. 4, but did not sail and was also cancelled from hx 325 and hx 326. she eventually got away with hx 327 on dec. 19, for which the norwegian ivaran served as commodore vessel. vivi arrived manchester, via liverpool and eastham, on jan. 6-1945 (page 5).
* the on convoys will be added to individual pages in my convoys section in due course, along with further details on each. in the meantime, the ships sailing in them (and escorts) are named in the section listing ships in all on convoys. as will be seen, they all had several norwegian ships.
vivi had a complement of 40 at the time. captain danielsen and able seaman hjalmar gundersen had gone ashore in a motorboat at 08:45 that morning, just before the alarm was sounded, when the tanker springhill was seen to be on fire. in a letter from nortraship, new york to nortraship, london it was stated that the two ships were about 50-100 meters away from vivi when the accident happened. an able seaman still on board had seen the collision and realized immediately that the situation was dangerous, so he ran down to his cabin to get his lifevest, but by the time he got back on deck, the fire had already reached vivi, which was only about 50 yards away from springhill. clio had been inward bound in ballast when she ran into the t2 tanker (according to a. hague, clio had arrived new york from puerto la cruz on jan. 31, and returned to puerto la cruz on febr. 8). burning aviation fuel was flung high up in the air and landed all around vivi, as well as on her deck.
efforts were made to rescue some of springhill's men who had jumped overboard and were swimming and drifting with the current towards vivi, but these efforts had to be abandoned when she herself was engulfed in flames. the starboard aft boat and the 2 rafts there were launched, while those amidships could not be reached because of the smoke and flames. 25 men were able to get into the lifeboat, but it was quickly surrounded by the flames and set on fire, so they had to jump overboard and try to save themselves by swimming away as fast as they could. some were picked up by the u.s coast guard's vessels and by tugs which had arrived on the scene, and were as quickly as possible taken to the u.s. marine hospital, staten island.
meanwhile, chief engineer alfred toftevaag, the 2nd engineer and 4 mechanics were in the engine room, with the initial intent of starting the engine to get her out. but when she became surrounded by flames within minutes, and smoke started to fill the room, orders were given to abandon this idea and get off the ship. this proved to be impossible, however, so the chief gave orders for full speed ahead for both engines, and after 10 minutes the air was clear enough that they were able to escape through the emergency exit. once on deck, vivi was still seen to be on fire, but she was now out of the area of the burning fuel in the water. their attempts to extinguish the fire had to be given up because they were unable to get any water flowing through the hose, but at that time fire fighters came alongside, and coast guard vessels took the 4 mechanics on board. the fire was extinguished at 11 o'clock.
it so happened that the 6 who had stayed on board until it was too late to leave were, in fact, the ones who not only saved the ship by maneuvering her away from the fire, thereby enabling the coast guard and fire fighters to come alongside, but they were also the ones who had escaped injury altogether, while all those who had managed to get off the ship and into a lifeboat had varying degrees of injuries.
the 1st mate and the boatswain had died when they ran to the front of the ship to try to lift anchor. their bodies were later found together with that of the carpenter, and all 3 were buried in brooklyn on febr. 9-1945.
galley boy tu chi teze.
note that the memorial for seamen in stavern, norway, which i've linked to below, has added an 8th norwegian casualty, namely 3rd mate peder a. nilsen.
a british gunner, eric gardner saved the life of his shipmate, the norwegian gunner yngvar øistein heier after they had abandoned the burning lifeboat.
2nd mate at this time was j. ødegård.
in spite of the damages, vivi's cargo and oil hoses on deck were unharmed, and a couple of days later the diesel oil was discharged.
following the fire, vivi spent 3 months repairing in new york, and had just taken on a new cargo to continue her service, when word was received that the war had ended in europe. her subsequent voyages are shown on page 5 and page 6, up to and including apr.-1946 - again, see also a. hague's voyage record above.
sold in march-1955 for breaking up in the u.k.
stavern memorial commemorations - 8 norwegians are commemorated at this memorial for seamen in stavern, norway. the names and titles correspond to the ones i've listed above. this website has added 3rd mate peder a. nilsen. i looked him up in "våre falne", a series of 4 books naming norwegians who died during the war, but cannot find him. according to this book, carpenter a. anundsen is buried at fresh pond crematory.
back to m/t vivi on the "ships starting with v" page.
the text on this page was compiled with the help of: "nortraships flåte", j. r. hegland, "19 oslo-skips historie under verdenskrigen, fra april 1940 til krigens slutt i 1945" (the story of 19 oslo ships during ww ii), harald nicolaisen - 1945, and misc. - (ref. my sources).


text:
Today’s episode of Just the Tips couldn’t come at a better time for many entrepreneurs. At a time of the year when we’re reevaluating our lives, what we’re doing, what we think we should be doing instead, it’s the perfect opportunity to listen to this interview with deep thinker and financial freedom advocate Damion Lupo. Damion opens up about his failures, how that set on a path to helping others, and how he goes about finding what’s truly important. He’s a pretty radical thinker, and Dean and I really got a lot out of this episode, and we think you will, too.
Damion opened up about a time not too long ago when he started a company and raised $20 million in investments, and then lost all of that money. And what he says is fascinating: He took that experience and learned to detach it from his self-worth. He knew that companies fail, that investments aren’t guaranteed, and that he could learn from his mistakes and learn how to pivot much quicker next time, and so he went back out and raised a million dollars for a new company. And a lot of that shift came from not judging himself by whether he’s had good or bad results with his company. I think a lot of us could use this advice.
As Damion says, one of the ways you can release all of that toxicity that builds up in you after you’ve failed at something is to help others. So in 2012, he was rethinking and reevaluating what he was doing, and interrogating what values drove him to do what he does. And that’s what led him to write his first book, The Reinvented Life, and led me to ask him about what he sees as the spiritual side of wealth. As he says, money is a side effect. What you need to be doing is looking at what impact you can have on people, how you can help people, not on how much money you can make. It’s a really fascinating conversation and not one you’ll hear many entrepreneurs having.
This is probably the most spiritually intense episode of Just the Tips. Damion is all about stripping down the unnecessary chaos in people’s lives, and figuring out what’s most important to them. And then from there, it’s about building the financial freedom so they can enjoy those important things. And as he says, it’s all about taking it one step at a time, not just hopping on a plane to Bali. Maybe it’s the time of year, but we think you’re really going to want to listen to and reflect on this week’s episode, and we’re so glad to have had Damion on.

lowercased:
today’s episode of just the tips couldn’t come at a better time for many entrepreneurs. at a time of the year when we’re reevaluating our lives, what we’re doing, what we think we should be doing instead, it’s the perfect opportunity to listen to this interview with deep thinker and financial freedom advocate damion lupo. damion opens up about his failures, how that set on a path to helping others, and how he goes about finding what’s truly important. he’s a pretty radical thinker, and dean and i really got a lot out of this episode, and we think you will, too.
damion opened up about a time not too long ago when he started a company and raised $20 million in investments, and then lost all of that money. and what he says is fascinating: he took that experience and learned to detach it from his self-worth. he knew that companies fail, that investments aren’t guaranteed, and that he could learn from his mistakes and learn how to pivot much quicker next time, and so he went back out and raised a million dollars for a new company. and a lot of that shift came from not judging himself by whether he’s had good or bad results with his company. i think a lot of us could use this advice.
as damion says, one of the ways you can release all of that toxicity that builds up in you after you’ve failed at something is to help others. so in 2012, he was rethinking and reevaluating what he was doing, and interrogating what values drove him to do what he does. and that’s what led him to write his first book, the reinvented life, and led me to ask him about what he sees as the spiritual side of wealth. as he says, money is a side effect. what you need to be doing is looking at what impact you can have on people, how you can help people, not on how much money you can make. it’s a really fascinating conversation and not one you’ll hear many entrepreneurs having.
this is probably the most spiritually intense episode of just the tips. damion is all about stripping down the unnecessary chaos in people’s lives, and figuring out what’s most important to them. and then from there, it’s about building the financial freedom so they can enjoy those important things. and as he says, it’s all about taking it one step at a time, not just hopping on a plane to bali. maybe it’s the time of year, but we think you’re really going to want to listen to and reflect on this week’s episode, and we’re so glad to have had damion on.


text:
! This is NOT a method of direct communication with The House of Flowers for purposes of ordering or rectifying problems.
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Flowers arrived exactly as pictured and at the time requested. Very happy with the service.
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Gorgeous arrangement and arrangement was delivered as promised and on time.
delivery time and phone customer assistance was awesome! User friendly website.
On this delivery you guys were awesome. Not only was the delivery timely and professional. You went out of your way to delivery this outside your delivery zone no questions asked. Your customer service is excellent.
Great service and arrangements every time!!
My mother said the plant is beautiful and delivered professionally and on time.
Everything on-time and as-planned. My mother said the Poinsettia was beautiful.
Great service, beautiful arrangement. Thanks, you made things easy for us.
Beautiful cut flower arrangement with a small bird nest with eggs - nice touch. It has now been three days and the flowers are still beautiful. Definitely enjoying the beautiful arrangement.
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Made ordering flowers from far away easy to do. thanks!
Excellent service and the arrangement I ordered was perfect. I highly recommend them.
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Absolutely beautiful arrangement from House of Flowers. Arrived right on schedule.
Delivered on time. Flowers looked perfect!
The flowers were great my sister send me a picture and it was beautiful..
Delivered as ordered. Beautiful flowers.
Fantastic company. Highly recommended. Professional, curtious and has a great selection. Thank you for helping create a great Mother's Day for my Mom. It's truly appreciated.
Beautiful arrangement! I am very pleased!
The floral arrangements from House of Flowers are consistently fresh and full. The selection is always as pictured or better and my family sends me a picture when they receive it.
Pretty arrangement, delivered on time, easy to order.
Great quality that meets or exceeds expectations based on photo example.
I was so happy with the arrangement they supplied my mother. Didn't know till talking with her that this was the same florist that we ordered from when we ordered flowers when my father passed. I couldn't have been more pleased. And they meant the world to my mother.
Great quality long lasting floral arrangements. Perfect every time.
Absolutely awesome turn around and beautiful quality! !!!!!!
Beautiful arrangement and wonderful fragrance!
Thank you so much Mrs.Chevalier We are so pleased that you were happy with your arrangement!!!
all expectations were exceeded. the website was quick and easy and the flowers were just like the picture. My NEW flower shop.!!

lowercased:
! this is not a method of direct communication with the house of flowers for purposes of ordering or rectifying problems.
flowers were beautiful and my mother loved them!
flowers were beautiful and delivered right on time.
online ordering was quick and easy! what was delivered looked even better than the picture and the wife said she was the envy of the office! amazing job by the staff and highly recommend this shop for all floral needs!
ordered and delivered same day within a few hours. very impressed with the flowers.
amazing service and were even delivered without any delay in downpouring rain! impressive. very satisfied.
your service was great and they said the flowers were beautiful. thank you for your great service.
wonderful flowers, great delivery, perfect! thank you!!!
beautiful flowers. they were exactly what we ordered.
flowers arrived exactly as pictured and at the time requested. very happy with the service.
thank you christopher! we appreciate your review very much.
gorgeous arrangement and arrangement was delivered as promised and on time.
delivery time and phone customer assistance was awesome! user friendly website.
on this delivery you guys were awesome. not only was the delivery timely and professional. you went out of your way to delivery this outside your delivery zone no questions asked. your customer service is excellent.
great service and arrangements every time!!
my mother said the plant is beautiful and delivered professionally and on time.
everything on-time and as-planned. my mother said the poinsettia was beautiful.
great service, beautiful arrangement. thanks, you made things easy for us.
beautiful cut flower arrangement with a small bird nest with eggs - nice touch. it has now been three days and the flowers are still beautiful. definitely enjoying the beautiful arrangement.
absolutely wonderful service and the flowers delivered were beautiful!!!
made ordering flowers from far away easy to do. thanks!
excellent service and the arrangement i ordered was perfect. i highly recommend them.
excellent every time, thank you!
absolutely beautiful arrangement from house of flowers. arrived right on schedule.
delivered on time. flowers looked perfect!
the flowers were great my sister send me a picture and it was beautiful..
delivered as ordered. beautiful flowers.
fantastic company. highly recommended. professional, curtious and has a great selection. thank you for helping create a great mother's day for my mom. it's truly appreciated.
beautiful arrangement! i am very pleased!
the floral arrangements from house of flowers are consistently fresh and full. the selection is always as pictured or better and my family sends me a picture when they receive it.
pretty arrangement, delivered on time, easy to order.
great quality that meets or exceeds expectations based on photo example.
i was so happy with the arrangement they supplied my mother. didn't know till talking with her that this was the same florist that we ordered from when we ordered flowers when my father passed. i couldn't have been more pleased. and they meant the world to my mother.
great quality long lasting floral arrangements. perfect every time.
absolutely awesome turn around and beautiful quality! !!!!!!
beautiful arrangement and wonderful fragrance!
thank you so much mrs.chevalier we are so pleased that you were happy with your arrangement!!!
all expectations were exceeded. the website was quick and easy and the flowers were just like the picture. my new flower shop.!!


text:
In this follow-up to the best-selling Prepper’s Long-Term Survival Guide, we delve further into the issues that will face the survivors enduring life after doomsday.
The book is divided into two sections. In the first several chapters, we talk about how to meet basic needs, such as food, water, and security. Throughout these chapters, the focus is on renewable and sustainable solutions. Stocking up a ton of food is all well and good but it will eventually run out. So, we talk quite a bit about growing food as well as ways to collect and store water.
Prepper’s Long-Term Survival Guide 2 will be out in stores by the end of 2017! You can preorder your copy here on Amazon.
A massive disaster strikes. Civilization breaks down and with it goes the thin blue line of police protection. Days or even weeks pass before the National Guard arrives to protect law-abiding citizens. In the mean time, it’s every man, woman, and family for themselves. Having self-sufficient means for protecting your family at this critical moment is essential. Thankfully, Prepper’s Armed Defense details exactly how to achieve this high level of life-saving readiness.
Opening with a survey of firearm options including handguns, rifles, and shotguns, Prepper’s Armed Defense is the ultimate resource for deciding on your most powerful tool for protection. Far more than a gun guide, Prepper’s Armed Defense is the most comprehensive, no-holds-barred guide to all type of weapons, including knives and other edged weapons; non-lethal weapons like pepper spray, tasers and stun guns; plus last-minute improvised weapons made from common household items.
Prepper’s Survival Hacks is for all of those out there who enjoy DIY projects, repurposing/recycling junk, or who just want to save a few bucks by making their own gear. Within this slim volume, you’ll find 50 different projects, from fire starters to survival kits, all with a common sense and down to earth approach.
There is nothing here that requires specialized knowledge or training. No obscure tools are needed, either. Odds are, you likely have everything you need sitting at home right now.
What is really cool, too, is that there are no projects here that could not be accomplished by your average elementary school student, though perhaps with a little supervision. Many of these projects make for great ways to spend a rainy Saturday afternoon with the kids or grandkids.
Find Prepper’s Survival Hacks here on Amazon.
Everything he presents is rock solid advice.
Prepper’s Financial Guide will give you plenty of suggestions on how to survive economic turmoil or even minor financial bumps in the road.
If you realize that there is more to “prepping” than buying pallets of freeze-dried food and cases of bottled water, then Prepper’s Financial Guide by Jim Cobb is for you.
Economic trouble is one of the most likely societal collapse scenarios we face today. If you examine history, even recent history, you will understand just now untenable the current economy is in the United States. Even if the primary disaster isn’t financial based, the ramifications upon the banking and related industries are almost certain.
Almost everyone experiences bad patches when it comes to finances. An unexpected job loss can quickly devastate a family. Recovering from any number of every day, common calamities, such as a house fire or tornado, can wipe out savings, even if the insurance company holds up their end of the deal.
Prepper’s Financial Guide will help you get your financial house in order so you can withstand the challenges almost sure to come at some point down the road.
On top of that, the book also provides solid information on how to reduce debt and increase your prepping budget. One of the chief complaints among preppers and survivalists is a lack of funds to acquire the gear and supplies they feel they need. Even learning new skills can be costly, both in terms of necessary supplies as well as any fees related to the classes and such.
We also discuss concerns related to long-term collapse scenarios, such as bartering, using precious metals and minerals, and how to safeguard your investments.
The Foreword was contributed by well-known survival and disaster planning instructor John D. McCann. You can read what he had to say here.
Prepper’s Financial Guide can be found at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Booksamillion, and anywhere else books are sold.

lowercased:
in this follow-up to the best-selling prepper’s long-term survival guide, we delve further into the issues that will face the survivors enduring life after doomsday.
the book is divided into two sections. in the first several chapters, we talk about how to meet basic needs, such as food, water, and security. throughout these chapters, the focus is on renewable and sustainable solutions. stocking up a ton of food is all well and good but it will eventually run out. so, we talk quite a bit about growing food as well as ways to collect and store water.
prepper’s long-term survival guide 2 will be out in stores by the end of 2017! you can preorder your copy here on amazon.
a massive disaster strikes. civilization breaks down and with it goes the thin blue line of police protection. days or even weeks pass before the national guard arrives to protect law-abiding citizens. in the mean time, it’s every man, woman, and family for themselves. having self-sufficient means for protecting your family at this critical moment is essential. thankfully, prepper’s armed defense details exactly how to achieve this high level of life-saving readiness.
opening with a survey of firearm options including handguns, rifles, and shotguns, prepper’s armed defense is the ultimate resource for deciding on your most powerful tool for protection. far more than a gun guide, prepper’s armed defense is the most comprehensive, no-holds-barred guide to all type of weapons, including knives and other edged weapons; non-lethal weapons like pepper spray, tasers and stun guns; plus last-minute improvised weapons made from common household items.
prepper’s survival hacks is for all of those out there who enjoy diy projects, repurposing/recycling junk, or who just want to save a few bucks by making their own gear. within this slim volume, you’ll find 50 different projects, from fire starters to survival kits, all with a common sense and down to earth approach.
there is nothing here that requires specialized knowledge or training. no obscure tools are needed, either. odds are, you likely have everything you need sitting at home right now.
what is really cool, too, is that there are no projects here that could not be accomplished by your average elementary school student, though perhaps with a little supervision. many of these projects make for great ways to spend a rainy saturday afternoon with the kids or grandkids.
find prepper’s survival hacks here on amazon.
everything he presents is rock solid advice.
prepper’s financial guide will give you plenty of suggestions on how to survive economic turmoil or even minor financial bumps in the road.
if you realize that there is more to “prepping” than buying pallets of freeze-dried food and cases of bottled water, then prepper’s financial guide by jim cobb is for you.
economic trouble is one of the most likely societal collapse scenarios we face today. if you examine history, even recent history, you will understand just now untenable the current economy is in the united states. even if the primary disaster isn’t financial based, the ramifications upon the banking and related industries are almost certain.
almost everyone experiences bad patches when it comes to finances. an unexpected job loss can quickly devastate a family. recovering from any number of every day, common calamities, such as a house fire or tornado, can wipe out savings, even if the insurance company holds up their end of the deal.
prepper’s financial guide will help you get your financial house in order so you can withstand the challenges almost sure to come at some point down the road.
on top of that, the book also provides solid information on how to reduce debt and increase your prepping budget. one of the chief complaints among preppers and survivalists is a lack of funds to acquire the gear and supplies they feel they need. even learning new skills can be costly, both in terms of necessary supplies as well as any fees related to the classes and such.
we also discuss concerns related to long-term collapse scenarios, such as bartering, using precious metals and minerals, and how to safeguard your investments.
the foreword was contributed by well-known survival and disaster planning instructor john d. mccann. you can read what he had to say here.
prepper’s financial guide can be found at amazon, barnes & noble, booksamillion, and anywhere else books are sold.


text:
It’s hard not to believe that everything happens for a reason. Things happen as they are meant to happen.
Trenten Merrill could have been ordinary. Not in any unremarkable way, but he could have been a typical active 27-year-old Southern California guy.
He is athletic, goes to the beach and surfs in his time off as well as camps and goes off-roading. Merrill is like many who grew up in San Juan Capistrano.
But after having his right leg amputated after his foot was crushed by a car in 2005, Merrill started on a path to being extraordinary.
Merrill is a Paralympian, world championship silver medalist and now an American long jump record-holder.
Merrill reclaimed the American long jump record in the T/F44 classification with a mark of 7.02 meters at the New Mexico Classic on Feb. 2 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. T/F44 is one of seven Paralympic sports classes applying to athletes with a single below knee amputation.
Without even realizing it, he broke the record on his first jump with a leap of 6.99 meters.
Merrill went past that mark on his second jump for the 7.02-meter result, and his attention was finally brought to the record.
As a kid, Merrill was always participating in sports. He played soccer, baseball, volleyball and basketball, among others like surfing and off-roading.
In 2005, Merrill, then 14 years old, was crossing the street with his best friend when he was hit by a car. The accident crushed his right foot.
His right leg was amputated just below the knee, but Merrill wasn’t slowed down.
As soon as he could, Merrill was up and active.
Merrill continued through two years at JSerra Catholic High School before finishing high school at Capistrano Valley High School.
Track and field didn’t find Merrill until he was 20 at Saddleback College.
On the urging of his prosthetics provider, Merrill attended a running clinic for amputees in Irvine.
At the clinic, he met U.S. Paralympic coach Joaquim Cruz, who won the 800-meter Olympic gold medal for Brazil in 1984.
Merrill held onto Cruz’s card and eventually took him up on the offer of an invite to the training center in Chula Vista. Once he visited, Merrill was enthralled.
Once he got a running blade, Merrill took right to it and got going.
Merrill got his first big competition experience at the 2009 nationals, but it went nowhere near how he expected.
Merrill continued forward training for 400 meters then moved down into the 100 and 200. At the 2015 world championships, Merrill competed in the 100-meter and 200-meter and earned a silver medal in the 4×100-meter relay.
After over a year of coaches talking about getting into long jump, Merrill joined the category just three months before nationals.
He went on to win the event at the Paralympic trials and qualified for the 2016 Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Merrill set the American long jump record for the first time in Rio at 6.84 meters. The mark was good for fourth place, tantalizingly close to a medal.
He now has his sights squarely set on Tokyo and the 2020 Paralympic Games.

lowercased:
it’s hard not to believe that everything happens for a reason. things happen as they are meant to happen.
trenten merrill could have been ordinary. not in any unremarkable way, but he could have been a typical active 27-year-old southern california guy.
he is athletic, goes to the beach and surfs in his time off as well as camps and goes off-roading. merrill is like many who grew up in san juan capistrano.
but after having his right leg amputated after his foot was crushed by a car in 2005, merrill started on a path to being extraordinary.
merrill is a paralympian, world championship silver medalist and now an american long jump record-holder.
merrill reclaimed the american long jump record in the t/f44 classification with a mark of 7.02 meters at the new mexico classic on feb. 2 in albuquerque, new mexico. t/f44 is one of seven paralympic sports classes applying to athletes with a single below knee amputation.
without even realizing it, he broke the record on his first jump with a leap of 6.99 meters.
merrill went past that mark on his second jump for the 7.02-meter result, and his attention was finally brought to the record.
as a kid, merrill was always participating in sports. he played soccer, baseball, volleyball and basketball, among others like surfing and off-roading.
in 2005, merrill, then 14 years old, was crossing the street with his best friend when he was hit by a car. the accident crushed his right foot.
his right leg was amputated just below the knee, but merrill wasn’t slowed down.
as soon as he could, merrill was up and active.
merrill continued through two years at jserra catholic high school before finishing high school at capistrano valley high school.
track and field didn’t find merrill until he was 20 at saddleback college.
on the urging of his prosthetics provider, merrill attended a running clinic for amputees in irvine.
at the clinic, he met u.s. paralympic coach joaquim cruz, who won the 800-meter olympic gold medal for brazil in 1984.
merrill held onto cruz’s card and eventually took him up on the offer of an invite to the training center in chula vista. once he visited, merrill was enthralled.
once he got a running blade, merrill took right to it and got going.
merrill got his first big competition experience at the 2009 nationals, but it went nowhere near how he expected.
merrill continued forward training for 400 meters then moved down into the 100 and 200. at the 2015 world championships, merrill competed in the 100-meter and 200-meter and earned a silver medal in the 4×100-meter relay.
after over a year of coaches talking about getting into long jump, merrill joined the category just three months before nationals.
he went on to win the event at the paralympic trials and qualified for the 2016 paralympics in rio de janeiro, brazil.
merrill set the american long jump record for the first time in rio at 6.84 meters. the mark was good for fourth place, tantalizingly close to a medal.
he now has his sights squarely set on tokyo and the 2020 paralympic games.


text:
The WFE exists for its members, and currently represents more than 200 exchanges and CCPs of all sizes from around the world.
Membership of the WFE is a business-critical and strategic decision for financial market infrastructures, as by joining the association you will enjoy a wide range of benefits. These range from advocacy on the topics that matter to you, education tools, and cutting-edge research, right through to sector-specific workshops, conferences and events. Moreover, by becoming a WFE member, you will have special in-depth access to our world-leading statistics database.
Have successfully gone through the membership admission process.
Have been admitted as members by the WFE Board of Directors at the General Assembly.
Play an active role in the development of their local economy.
China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Ltd.
Port Moresby Stock Exchange Ltd.

lowercased:
the wfe exists for its members, and currently represents more than 200 exchanges and ccps of all sizes from around the world.
membership of the wfe is a business-critical and strategic decision for financial market infrastructures, as by joining the association you will enjoy a wide range of benefits. these range from advocacy on the topics that matter to you, education tools, and cutting-edge research, right through to sector-specific workshops, conferences and events. moreover, by becoming a wfe member, you will have special in-depth access to our world-leading statistics database.
have successfully gone through the membership admission process.
have been admitted as members by the wfe board of directors at the general assembly.
play an active role in the development of their local economy.
china securities depository and clearing corporation ltd.
port moresby stock exchange ltd.


text:
HealthLifeMag » Posts » Mens health questions » How bad an idea is this?
How bad an idea is this?
My buddy left a bag of **** in the laundry and it got washed. It was a little wet, and smelled faintly of detergent. It was microwaved and broken up. Do you think it would have very negative effects if it was smoked? Advise.
Smoking it in general will be bad for you (no shiit shirlock, I know), regardless of what it’s been through. The detergent is poisonous if eaten, but i don’t know if smoking it would be bad. If you used powder detergent, then don’t smoke it-the powder would have soaked in before the water, and would probably kill you in minutes. However, if it was liquid detergent, then you might be OK. I’m not garunteeing anything, though.
However, the microwave would have killed it anyways. You wouldn’t get high.
i’m utterly grossed out. just toss it.
smoking it in general will give you negative affects if not now then in the long run..
is it that important! Just buy another sack.
you smoke **** and your worried about detergent?
umm i think its probably a bad idea to smoke anything.
ohhh i was like S**** or W*** lol.
no dont smoke it. i would trash it. the chemicals might make you sick.
lol just don’t do it!
No I think is would be fine just don’t spray it with bug spray lol! It may taste funny but it should still do the job.
maybe. i wouldn’t smoke very much of it.
i’d say if it wasn’t very much, just toss it.
a very good advice. maybe just dont even think about it.

lowercased:
healthlifemag » posts » mens health questions » how bad an idea is this?
how bad an idea is this?
my buddy left a bag of **** in the laundry and it got washed. it was a little wet, and smelled faintly of detergent. it was microwaved and broken up. do you think it would have very negative effects if it was smoked? advise.
smoking it in general will be bad for you (no shiit shirlock, i know), regardless of what it’s been through. the detergent is poisonous if eaten, but i don’t know if smoking it would be bad. if you used powder detergent, then don’t smoke it-the powder would have soaked in before the water, and would probably kill you in minutes. however, if it was liquid detergent, then you might be ok. i’m not garunteeing anything, though.
however, the microwave would have killed it anyways. you wouldn’t get high.
i’m utterly grossed out. just toss it.
smoking it in general will give you negative affects if not now then in the long run..
is it that important! just buy another sack.
you smoke **** and your worried about detergent?
umm i think its probably a bad idea to smoke anything.
ohhh i was like s**** or w*** lol.
no dont smoke it. i would trash it. the chemicals might make you sick.
lol just don’t do it!
no i think is would be fine just don’t spray it with bug spray lol! it may taste funny but it should still do the job.
maybe. i wouldn’t smoke very much of it.
i’d say if it wasn’t very much, just toss it.
a very good advice. maybe just dont even think about it.


text:
These glass lampwork beads were handcrafted in China. Because of the handmade nature of these beads, expect some slight imperfections in the size and shape.
Click the button below to add the Black, Brown & White Lampwork Glass Beads 18mm (LW1326) to your wish list.

lowercased:
these glass lampwork beads were handcrafted in china. because of the handmade nature of these beads, expect some slight imperfections in the size and shape.
click the button below to add the black, brown & white lampwork glass beads 18mm (lw1326) to your wish list.


text:
Despite being married to a photographer for over 30 years, I only took an interest in this art form about 12 years ago while studying for a diploma in horticulture. I recently moved to the beautiful New Forest in Hampshire, where I am creating a garden based around my photography and planting a number of rare and unusual plants and specimen trees. The most important criteria for my work is lighting. During the spring, I love the early morning soft light and dewy atmosphere, and during the autumn months I prefer the warm sunset glow of the late afternoon light. I like to get ‘down and dirty’ with the plants and immerse myself with nature.
It’s not always possible to lie down, so a small beanbag is another useful piece of kit to rest the camera on when shooting low to the ground. Cameras that have a tilting LCD, such as my Nikon D750, come in very handy for low-level shooting.
We all know of certain woodlands where there are usually more photographers than flowers. Try to go ‘off-piste’ and find isolated areas around fallen trees. The wood anemone is quite often overlooked as it is usually hidden among leaf litter in the spring, yet it’s one of my favourite spring woodland plants.
Wear suitable clothing. Getting among plants can be a dirty business, so dress appropriately. If you are shooting in public woodland please be careful when using a groundsheet. I have seen extensive damage to carpets of bluebells where photographers have flattened the flowers.
To isolate the subject from its surroundings, I nearly always shoot with a wide aperture of f/2.8 or wider. With careful composition this can create soft colours in the background and foreground when shooting through the foliage.
An essential piece of my kit is a small eight-inch reflector. Not only do I use it as a reflector, it acts as a diffuser for bright sunlight and even as a cover to protect the plant during light rainfall. If I am unable to handhold it I use a plamp or clothes peg attached to a log/branch.
A polarising filter can sometimes be useful to add crispness to the vibrant colours and detail in the sky if that is going to be part of the composition, such as when doing a worm’s-eye view.
Rather than closing down the aperture, focus stacking is a great technique to achieve a macro image with a large depth of field. This involves using a tripod and taking several images on a wide aperture, altering the point of focus slightly each time and merging them into one image using software such as Helicon Focus.
A plamp is a useful tool for keeping unwanted foliage out of the shot without damaging it. The plants I’ve grown in my garden I will prune and move to an area of better light or background.
The delicacy of flowers, particularly when shooting macro, can be best conveyed with careful backlight. Some flowers are so delicate and transparent I sometimes have to use reflected backlight to see all the detail, although sun flare can also add drama to the image.
Often, we concern ourselves with the background so much that we overlook the importance of the foreground. By getting down low to ground level with a subject, such as crocuses, a very simple trick is to shoot through some out-of-focus foliage or grass to instil depth into the picture.
Jacky Parker is an award-winning floral photographer. Her work has been published for companies such as Apple and Microsoft. In 2017, her images were displayed on giant banners to promote the gardens at RHS Wisley. See www.jackyparker.com.

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despite being married to a photographer for over 30 years, i only took an interest in this art form about 12 years ago while studying for a diploma in horticulture. i recently moved to the beautiful new forest in hampshire, where i am creating a garden based around my photography and planting a number of rare and unusual plants and specimen trees. the most important criteria for my work is lighting. during the spring, i love the early morning soft light and dewy atmosphere, and during the autumn months i prefer the warm sunset glow of the late afternoon light. i like to get ‘down and dirty’ with the plants and immerse myself with nature.
it’s not always possible to lie down, so a small beanbag is another useful piece of kit to rest the camera on when shooting low to the ground. cameras that have a tilting lcd, such as my nikon d750, come in very handy for low-level shooting.
we all know of certain woodlands where there are usually more photographers than flowers. try to go ‘off-piste’ and find isolated areas around fallen trees. the wood anemone is quite often overlooked as it is usually hidden among leaf litter in the spring, yet it’s one of my favourite spring woodland plants.
wear suitable clothing. getting among plants can be a dirty business, so dress appropriately. if you are shooting in public woodland please be careful when using a groundsheet. i have seen extensive damage to carpets of bluebells where photographers have flattened the flowers.
to isolate the subject from its surroundings, i nearly always shoot with a wide aperture of f/2.8 or wider. with careful composition this can create soft colours in the background and foreground when shooting through the foliage.
an essential piece of my kit is a small eight-inch reflector. not only do i use it as a reflector, it acts as a diffuser for bright sunlight and even as a cover to protect the plant during light rainfall. if i am unable to handhold it i use a plamp or clothes peg attached to a log/branch.
a polarising filter can sometimes be useful to add crispness to the vibrant colours and detail in the sky if that is going to be part of the composition, such as when doing a worm’s-eye view.
rather than closing down the aperture, focus stacking is a great technique to achieve a macro image with a large depth of field. this involves using a tripod and taking several images on a wide aperture, altering the point of focus slightly each time and merging them into one image using software such as helicon focus.
a plamp is a useful tool for keeping unwanted foliage out of the shot without damaging it. the plants i’ve grown in my garden i will prune and move to an area of better light or background.
the delicacy of flowers, particularly when shooting macro, can be best conveyed with careful backlight. some flowers are so delicate and transparent i sometimes have to use reflected backlight to see all the detail, although sun flare can also add drama to the image.
often, we concern ourselves with the background so much that we overlook the importance of the foreground. by getting down low to ground level with a subject, such as crocuses, a very simple trick is to shoot through some out-of-focus foliage or grass to instil depth into the picture.
jacky parker is an award-winning floral photographer. her work has been published for companies such as apple and microsoft. in 2017, her images were displayed on giant banners to promote the gardens at rhs wisley. see www.jackyparker.com.


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These were some of the most beautiful bird shots I've seen! Wow! And the IQ is just superb!
WOW...thanks Tord. Coming from you that is quite a compliment!! Thank you.
I really only shoot to please myself...and if others like them, then I'm happy that they like what I like. I know that I sometimes over sharpen or over contrast....but I stop editing when I get to what I 'thought I saw' when I picked the shot. There is so much good stuff on this forum I just wish I could do as well as many of them all of the time.
The ideas I get from others makes it a challenging and a fun hobby for me. I don't want to mention any names for fear I will leave someone out...but there are some really nice and talented folks here that are very inspirational to us all.... and it's so impressive that they are from literally all over the world!! Really great sharing/learning opportunity here.

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these were some of the most beautiful bird shots i've seen! wow! and the iq is just superb!
wow...thanks tord. coming from you that is quite a compliment!! thank you.
i really only shoot to please myself...and if others like them, then i'm happy that they like what i like. i know that i sometimes over sharpen or over contrast....but i stop editing when i get to what i 'thought i saw' when i picked the shot. there is so much good stuff on this forum i just wish i could do as well as many of them all of the time.
the ideas i get from others makes it a challenging and a fun hobby for me. i don't want to mention any names for fear i will leave someone out...but there are some really nice and talented folks here that are very inspirational to us all.... and it's so impressive that they are from literally all over the world!! really great sharing/learning opportunity here.


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This is your home from home!
At the 4-star Alpen Residence in Ehrwald you will be warmly welcomed by members of the Oberreiter family and our team of well trained staff.
Our hotel is run as a family business and we are dedicated to ensuring that you feel at home during your stay with us. Top quality at an attractive price is an ideal combination for a carefree holiday.
Our strengths include the sincerity of our welcome, the warmth of our hospitality and the individual personal service we offer. The family-run Alpen Residence is a place where you can completely relax and feel truly at ease.

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this is your home from home!
at the 4-star alpen residence in ehrwald you will be warmly welcomed by members of the oberreiter family and our team of well trained staff.
our hotel is run as a family business and we are dedicated to ensuring that you feel at home during your stay with us. top quality at an attractive price is an ideal combination for a carefree holiday.
our strengths include the sincerity of our welcome, the warmth of our hospitality and the individual personal service we offer. the family-run alpen residence is a place where you can completely relax and feel truly at ease.


text:
Can Battery Storage Save You £2,600?
It’s the Holy Grail of home owners who have invested in solar panels – the ability to store power to be used once the sun is not shining.
A growing number of households, thought to range within the few thousands, are using high-tech batteries that store up solar power to use at nighttime.
Currently, solar panels produce “free” electricity as it is being generated, however if home owners want power at midnight, the energy is drawn from the National Grid and purchased from their energy provider as usual.
Used in conjunction with efficient solar panels the new devices may cut bills by 60%, manufacturers claim.
But specialists are more sceptical. Some have dismissed the gadgets as “overpriced and oversold”, because savings are off out by the £2,600 outlay of buying and installing one of the batteries, as well as frequently replacing internal batteries.
The batteries, are the size of a dishwasher and designed to go within the kitchen, just like the one pictured below, and silently charge up throughout sunny spells, watching whether or not electricity is flowing in or out of the house. The box itself contains a group of rechargeable batteries.
As soon as solar panels stop delivering in power, they flip to “discharging mode” and start to power appliances within the home.
When was the most effective time to buy star panels?
This means the “base level” of consumption in a very home – the continuing use of a electronic equipment, as an example, or a set-top box – is usually powered from solar power instead of from the grid.
In theory, the device cancels out the value of running little gadgets and appliances – that push up energy bills perpetually sapping power.
The hungriest device is a wireless router, cost accounting £21.92 a year whereas on standby, according to energy firm Ecotricity. alternative expensive devices include a desktop computer left on standby (£3.65), keeping a mobile charger plugged in (£2.44) additionally as an electrical toothbrush charger (£1.22) and a child’s night light (73p).
The Powervault fits alongside your kitchen appliances and switches to “discharge” mode if you need further energy.
Even throughout the day, if you would like a burst of energy to power an oven or kettle, as an example, the device flips to “discharge” mode.
Surplus energy would preferably be exported back to the grid.
A household can save 50% on energy bills by using solar panels however may save 60% if they conjointly use an electric battery system, in line with Powervault’s calculations.
But the price of the battery might quickly eliminate these savings.
The units themselves usually last fifteen years and also the internal battery has got to get replaced each 5 years, at a price of £500. as well as the capital outlay, meaning your annual value over fifteen years is £233.
But having a shower or golf stroke the kettle on might quickly drain the batteries, consultants warn, which means they’ll want exchange a lot of quickly.
Battery costs might fall within the future, as prices have already fallen by 40% within the last year, in keeping with figures from Renewable Economy, an energy-efficiency analysis centre based mostly in Australia.
The financial gain home house owners earn from solar panels, referred to as the “feed-in-tariff”, are going to be unaffected by the batteries. Currently, house owners square measure paid cash for each “kilowatt hour” of electricity their star panels turn out.
They earn 4.07p per kWh for all alternative energy generated, and 50% of this gets an extra 4.89p per kWh. this can be as a result of you’re assumed to use 1/2 the electricity you generate and export the opposite 0.5 to the National Grid. The exported electricity gets a 4.89p “bonus” payment.
Installing solar panels in southern European nation, as an example, usually saves £135 a year in energy bills aboard and financial gain of £600 a year in feed-in-tariff and export tariff payments.
Scottish households save slightly less – £110 a year on energy bills & financial gain of £500, in keeping with the Energy Saving Trust. you’ll estimate the financial gain from solar panels in your home with a web calculator.
The solar battery might, in theory, improve on the energy bill saving of £110-£135. It will not increase solar array financial gain or improve electricity generation.
People can still place confidence in the grid – the batteries merely do not store enough to power high-consumption appliances, aforesaid Chris Rudge, a alternative energy skilled at YouGen, a web community for home house owners with renewable devices.
Costs are falling as huge firms be part of the market, as well as Bosch, the house appliance maker.

lowercased:
can battery storage save you £2,600?
it’s the holy grail of home owners who have invested in solar panels – the ability to store power to be used once the sun is not shining.
a growing number of households, thought to range within the few thousands, are using high-tech batteries that store up solar power to use at nighttime.
currently, solar panels produce “free” electricity as it is being generated, however if home owners want power at midnight, the energy is drawn from the national grid and purchased from their energy provider as usual.
used in conjunction with efficient solar panels the new devices may cut bills by 60%, manufacturers claim.
but specialists are more sceptical. some have dismissed the gadgets as “overpriced and oversold”, because savings are off out by the £2,600 outlay of buying and installing one of the batteries, as well as frequently replacing internal batteries.
the batteries, are the size of a dishwasher and designed to go within the kitchen, just like the one pictured below, and silently charge up throughout sunny spells, watching whether or not electricity is flowing in or out of the house. the box itself contains a group of rechargeable batteries.
as soon as solar panels stop delivering in power, they flip to “discharging mode” and start to power appliances within the home.
when was the most effective time to buy star panels?
this means the “base level” of consumption in a very home – the continuing use of a electronic equipment, as an example, or a set-top box – is usually powered from solar power instead of from the grid.
in theory, the device cancels out the value of running little gadgets and appliances – that push up energy bills perpetually sapping power.
the hungriest device is a wireless router, cost accounting £21.92 a year whereas on standby, according to energy firm ecotricity. alternative expensive devices include a desktop computer left on standby (£3.65), keeping a mobile charger plugged in (£2.44) additionally as an electrical toothbrush charger (£1.22) and a child’s night light (73p).
the powervault fits alongside your kitchen appliances and switches to “discharge” mode if you need further energy.
even throughout the day, if you would like a burst of energy to power an oven or kettle, as an example, the device flips to “discharge” mode.
surplus energy would preferably be exported back to the grid.
a household can save 50% on energy bills by using solar panels however may save 60% if they conjointly use an electric battery system, in line with powervault’s calculations.
but the price of the battery might quickly eliminate these savings.
the units themselves usually last fifteen years and also the internal battery has got to get replaced each 5 years, at a price of £500. as well as the capital outlay, meaning your annual value over fifteen years is £233.
but having a shower or golf stroke the kettle on might quickly drain the batteries, consultants warn, which means they’ll want exchange a lot of quickly.
battery costs might fall within the future, as prices have already fallen by 40% within the last year, in keeping with figures from renewable economy, an energy-efficiency analysis centre based mostly in australia.
the financial gain home house owners earn from solar panels, referred to as the “feed-in-tariff”, are going to be unaffected by the batteries. currently, house owners square measure paid cash for each “kilowatt hour” of electricity their star panels turn out.
they earn 4.07p per kwh for all alternative energy generated, and 50% of this gets an extra 4.89p per kwh. this can be as a result of you’re assumed to use 1/2 the electricity you generate and export the opposite 0.5 to the national grid. the exported electricity gets a 4.89p “bonus” payment.
installing solar panels in southern european nation, as an example, usually saves £135 a year in energy bills aboard and financial gain of £600 a year in feed-in-tariff and export tariff payments.
scottish households save slightly less – £110 a year on energy bills & financial gain of £500, in keeping with the energy saving trust. you’ll estimate the financial gain from solar panels in your home with a web calculator.
the solar battery might, in theory, improve on the energy bill saving of £110-£135. it will not increase solar array financial gain or improve electricity generation.
people can still place confidence in the grid – the batteries merely do not store enough to power high-consumption appliances, aforesaid chris rudge, a alternative energy skilled at yougen, a web community for home house owners with renewable devices.
costs are falling as huge firms be part of the market, as well as bosch, the house appliance maker.


text:
Aichi Prefecture is the Home of the Samurai, where countless important samurai of the Sengoku Warring States Period were born, including the three utterly famous Heroes of Japan's Toitsu Unification: Nobunaga, Hideyoshi and Ieyasu!
At this "Homeland of the Samurai", the Samurai & Ninja Festival 2018 will be a great event themed on all things Samurai, where kids can dress as Ninjas and become one at the "Narikiri" Experience, take part at the Chanbara Samurai Battle Reenactment with toy swords made of foam, watch thrilling live fire matchlock demonstrations, live stages of ninja and samurai teams from all over the country and much more. A whole day of guaranteed fun for the whole family!

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aichi prefecture is the home of the samurai, where countless important samurai of the sengoku warring states period were born, including the three utterly famous heroes of japan's toitsu unification: nobunaga, hideyoshi and ieyasu!
at this "homeland of the samurai", the samurai & ninja festival 2018 will be a great event themed on all things samurai, where kids can dress as ninjas and become one at the "narikiri" experience, take part at the chanbara samurai battle reenactment with toy swords made of foam, watch thrilling live fire matchlock demonstrations, live stages of ninja and samurai teams from all over the country and much more. a whole day of guaranteed fun for the whole family!


text:
Over time, common wear and tear due to everyday use and weather conditions occurs for even the most well-kept exterior doors. Worn-down exterior doors lead to drafts, energy waste, and expensive utility bills. In order to save money and energy and keep your home snug, it's important to consider exterior door replacement for your home.
Window replacement, exterior door replacement, and garage door replacement can make a big impact on your home's energy efficiency, especially if you choose particularly energy efficient materials. Read on to learn more about the price of exterior door replacement.
Steel: Steel and other metal exterior door materials can provide endurance and strength with a reasonable price tag. A polyurethane core boosts insulation, helping a steel exterior door act as a thermal barrier. With a wood-cladding finish, your steel door can mimic traditional wood.
Aluminum: While steel is unfortunately prone to errant dents or dings, metals like aluminum are more durable. Aluminum doors are often used for homes in hurricane-prone areas. Generally speaking, metal doors such as steel or aluminum have R-values (a measurement of thermal resistance) ranging between R-5 and R-6.
Fiberglass: This newer material makes for a high-performance door and is a good choice for an exterior door replacement. Fiberglass is virtually maintenance-free and resistant to denting, warping, or rot. Today, innovations allow fiberglass to mimic popular woods like mahogany or to be finished with various colors and stains. While most fiberglass doors have an R-value between R-5 and R-6, additional insulation and weatherstripping can raise this value.
Wood: For those seeking the traditional beauty of a wood door, there are many different types of wood to choose from, including walnut, cherry, and mahogany. In harsh or humid climates, wood doors can be highly susceptible to warping or rot from too much exposure to sunlight or moisture. However, protective paints or glazes can help homeowners preserve their investment, as a wood exterior door replacement can be quite expensive. Homeowners should expect most wood doors to have R-values from R-1 to R-3.
Homeowners may want to take the time to spruce up their entryway. Consider double doors, sidelights on either side of your door, transom windows above the door, or glass panels. Your exterior door replacement can feature no glass, all-glass, or a few decorative glass panels. Many manufacturers offer customized glass designs for your exterior door replacement.
The prices for an exterior door replacement depends on materials and options. Prices start around $150 for basic six-panel doors and can be as much as $3,500 for high-performance doors with quality materials and elaborate glass inserts.
Traditional woods typically range from $200 for basic models to upwards of $2,000 for popular styles like mahogany. Alternatives like steel or fiberglass range from $250 to $900 or more.
Expect to pay around $300 for professional installation for your exterior door replacement.
New exterior door replacements come with many benefits, from cutting energy waste to improving curb appeal. It's important to hire a home improvement professional to ensure that your exterior door replacement is completed correctly and in a timely manner. Professional installation can prevent costly problems that occur with incorrect installation in the future.
Check out HomeAdvancement's database of local, quality contractors to start your exterior door replacement today.

lowercased:
over time, common wear and tear due to everyday use and weather conditions occurs for even the most well-kept exterior doors. worn-down exterior doors lead to drafts, energy waste, and expensive utility bills. in order to save money and energy and keep your home snug, it's important to consider exterior door replacement for your home.
window replacement, exterior door replacement, and garage door replacement can make a big impact on your home's energy efficiency, especially if you choose particularly energy efficient materials. read on to learn more about the price of exterior door replacement.
steel: steel and other metal exterior door materials can provide endurance and strength with a reasonable price tag. a polyurethane core boosts insulation, helping a steel exterior door act as a thermal barrier. with a wood-cladding finish, your steel door can mimic traditional wood.
aluminum: while steel is unfortunately prone to errant dents or dings, metals like aluminum are more durable. aluminum doors are often used for homes in hurricane-prone areas. generally speaking, metal doors such as steel or aluminum have r-values (a measurement of thermal resistance) ranging between r-5 and r-6.
fiberglass: this newer material makes for a high-performance door and is a good choice for an exterior door replacement. fiberglass is virtually maintenance-free and resistant to denting, warping, or rot. today, innovations allow fiberglass to mimic popular woods like mahogany or to be finished with various colors and stains. while most fiberglass doors have an r-value between r-5 and r-6, additional insulation and weatherstripping can raise this value.
wood: for those seeking the traditional beauty of a wood door, there are many different types of wood to choose from, including walnut, cherry, and mahogany. in harsh or humid climates, wood doors can be highly susceptible to warping or rot from too much exposure to sunlight or moisture. however, protective paints or glazes can help homeowners preserve their investment, as a wood exterior door replacement can be quite expensive. homeowners should expect most wood doors to have r-values from r-1 to r-3.
homeowners may want to take the time to spruce up their entryway. consider double doors, sidelights on either side of your door, transom windows above the door, or glass panels. your exterior door replacement can feature no glass, all-glass, or a few decorative glass panels. many manufacturers offer customized glass designs for your exterior door replacement.
the prices for an exterior door replacement depends on materials and options. prices start around $150 for basic six-panel doors and can be as much as $3,500 for high-performance doors with quality materials and elaborate glass inserts.
traditional woods typically range from $200 for basic models to upwards of $2,000 for popular styles like mahogany. alternatives like steel or fiberglass range from $250 to $900 or more.
expect to pay around $300 for professional installation for your exterior door replacement.
new exterior door replacements come with many benefits, from cutting energy waste to improving curb appeal. it's important to hire a home improvement professional to ensure that your exterior door replacement is completed correctly and in a timely manner. professional installation can prevent costly problems that occur with incorrect installation in the future.
check out homeadvancement's database of local, quality contractors to start your exterior door replacement today.


text:
The Plant & Pest Advisory serves NJ growers by reporting on important pests and recommending responses that are grounded in reproducible trials.
Articles in this section contain information helpful to the NJ commercial organic grower.
Sharing organic practice trial results between land-grant universities is a cost effective way to create a common knowledge base built on the strengths of individual programs. In the sidebar, find institutions with programs in organic agriculture which augment knowledge developed at the Rutgers New Jersey Ag Experiment Station.
Rutgers Cooperative Extension Field Guides: These concise guides help with decision making from pre-planting to harvest. For each crop listed, learn what pests to proactively look for as the season progresses, how to look for them, and when to take action.

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the plant & pest advisory serves nj growers by reporting on important pests and recommending responses that are grounded in reproducible trials.
articles in this section contain information helpful to the nj commercial organic grower.
sharing organic practice trial results between land-grant universities is a cost effective way to create a common knowledge base built on the strengths of individual programs. in the sidebar, find institutions with programs in organic agriculture which augment knowledge developed at the rutgers new jersey ag experiment station.
rutgers cooperative extension field guides: these concise guides help with decision making from pre-planting to harvest. for each crop listed, learn what pests to proactively look for as the season progresses, how to look for them, and when to take action.