text: Charvil is a pleasant village set in the county of Berkshire, and home to 2.5 thousand people, there have been settlers here since the Neolithic and Bronze Age period. Just a mile away is a tantalizing delight, The 18th Century Flour Mill at Sonning, is now a delightful Dinner Theatre, perhaps enjoy a tipple in the Bar where the working waterwheel may be seen. Or for an intriguing glance into history which is brought to life in an instant with a visit to the Museum of Berkshire Aviation. Or perhaps the adrenaline of rushing down a ski slope either on skis or on a snowboard tempts you, then a visit to Bracknell Dry Ski & Snowboard Centre is definitely called for, where the enjoyment of ski-ing, snowboarding is rarely beaten, unless you include the gentle art of ice-skating, or hold tight and climb aboard a sno-tube and slide at a fast past down the slope……. The evocative beauty of Stanlake Wine Estate which dates back to 1166 is home to 30,000 vines, and won’t fail to impress, wine making takes place in the 17th Century Barn, making delicious sounding wines such as Pinot Blush, Regatta and Kings Fume, set within Windsor Great Park makes for a fascinating experience.

lowercased: charvil is a pleasant village set in the county of berkshire, and home to 2.5 thousand people, there have been settlers here since the neolithic and bronze age period. just a mile away is a tantalizing delight, the 18th century flour mill at sonning, is now a delightful dinner theatre, perhaps enjoy a tipple in the bar where the working waterwheel may be seen. or for an intriguing glance into history which is brought to life in an instant with a visit to the museum of berkshire aviation. or perhaps the adrenaline of rushing down a ski slope either on skis or on a snowboard tempts you, then a visit to bracknell dry ski & snowboard centre is definitely called for, where the enjoyment of ski-ing, snowboarding is rarely beaten, unless you include the gentle art of ice-skating, or hold tight and climb aboard a sno-tube and slide at a fast past down the slope……. the evocative beauty of stanlake wine estate which dates back to 1166 is home to 30,000 vines, and won’t fail to impress, wine making takes place in the 17th century barn, making delicious sounding wines such as pinot blush, regatta and kings fume, set within windsor great park makes for a fascinating experience.


text:
I am trying to implement a project using xCP Designer. I am creating a form and want to perform some operations using a button.
What version of xcp are you using? I believe this has been implemented 2.3 on later patch.
In 2.3.0 you have the option to press "ctrl+enter" to trigger an action. in a later patch they changed it to just "enter".
Don't know the patch version any more.
It is not triggered on default, I guess. In my project, when I press "ctrl+enter" the button did not triggered. Is there a function to add to its behavior? How can I add that trigger?
Yes, you will have to create an UI Event to be fired when user clicks ctrl+enter. When you create a new UI Event, you can configure the shortcut-keys.
Then use this UI Event to trigger any action on your page.

lowercased:
i am trying to implement a project using xcp designer. i am creating a form and want to perform some operations using a button.
what version of xcp are you using? i believe this has been implemented 2.3 on later patch.
in 2.3.0 you have the option to press "ctrl+enter" to trigger an action. in a later patch they changed it to just "enter".
don't know the patch version any more.
it is not triggered on default, i guess. in my project, when i press "ctrl+enter" the button did not triggered. is there a function to add to its behavior? how can i add that trigger?
yes, you will have to create an ui event to be fired when user clicks ctrl+enter. when you create a new ui event, you can configure the shortcut-keys.
then use this ui event to trigger any action on your page.


text:
It may be hard to imagine in the US, but I grew up without pumpkin. I don’t think it existed in the Netherlands when I grew up in the 1970s / 1980s. Or, if it did, it was minimal and recipes weren’t common. Pumpkin pie for sure was (and still is) not a common sweet treat and I can’t remember ever having eaten pumpkin soup in the Netherlands.
But I ‘discovered’ pumpkin in South America, in Peru, and came to love it quickly. Making pumpkin soup is one of our favorite pressure cooker soups. Here is one that was particularly tasty, so let me hare it with you.
As happens often, I enthusiastically start to take pictures of ingredients but forget to take them of the final product. Just imagine a super creamy, hearty, orange-colored soup.
Pumpkin: as much as fit in the pressure cooker (see picture for how much I cut).
Spices: cumin, curry, coriander and a dash of (very spicy) red pepper.
Cut everything quite small for the simple reason that more will fit in the pressure cooker.
Oil in the pressure cooker with the spices, garlic, and onion and let them simmer for a minute.
Add potatoes and simmer another minute.
Fill up with water so all ingredients are (almost) under water.
Turn off the heat, but leave the lid closed and set the pan aside for some 20 minutes or so, or until you can take off the lid without having to depressurize.
Blend it into a smooth pumpkin soup with a hand blender (this is the one we have).
For an extra bite, I boiled lentils – without any spices – and added a couple of spoons to the soup just before serving.
Heat a teaspoon of oil in the pressure cooker.
Add two espresso cups of lentils, rinsed.
Close the lit, bring it to a boil, let it cook for 5 minutes, and turn off the heat, leaving the pressure cooker closed for about 10 minutes.
Add the lentils to your soup and you have a perfect meal.
Do you have a favorite soup you’d like to share? Feel free to do so in the comment section below!
We have a recipe similar to that which uses squash and crunchy peanut butter in a soup. Can’t remember where it is from, but tastes great and I remember that you make your own peanut butter, so should be extra lovely!

lowercased:
it may be hard to imagine in the us, but i grew up without pumpkin. i don’t think it existed in the netherlands when i grew up in the 1970s / 1980s. or, if it did, it was minimal and recipes weren’t common. pumpkin pie for sure was (and still is) not a common sweet treat and i can’t remember ever having eaten pumpkin soup in the netherlands.
but i ‘discovered’ pumpkin in south america, in peru, and came to love it quickly. making pumpkin soup is one of our favorite pressure cooker soups. here is one that was particularly tasty, so let me hare it with you.
as happens often, i enthusiastically start to take pictures of ingredients but forget to take them of the final product. just imagine a super creamy, hearty, orange-colored soup.
pumpkin: as much as fit in the pressure cooker (see picture for how much i cut).
spices: cumin, curry, coriander and a dash of (very spicy) red pepper.
cut everything quite small for the simple reason that more will fit in the pressure cooker.
oil in the pressure cooker with the spices, garlic, and onion and let them simmer for a minute.
add potatoes and simmer another minute.
fill up with water so all ingredients are (almost) under water.
turn off the heat, but leave the lid closed and set the pan aside for some 20 minutes or so, or until you can take off the lid without having to depressurize.
blend it into a smooth pumpkin soup with a hand blender (this is the one we have).
for an extra bite, i boiled lentils – without any spices – and added a couple of spoons to the soup just before serving.
heat a teaspoon of oil in the pressure cooker.
add two espresso cups of lentils, rinsed.
close the lit, bring it to a boil, let it cook for 5 minutes, and turn off the heat, leaving the pressure cooker closed for about 10 minutes.
add the lentils to your soup and you have a perfect meal.
do you have a favorite soup you’d like to share? feel free to do so in the comment section below!
we have a recipe similar to that which uses squash and crunchy peanut butter in a soup. can’t remember where it is from, but tastes great and i remember that you make your own peanut butter, so should be extra lovely!


text:
Eaglesham Beer Festival has received parliamentary plaudits from East Renfrewshire MP, Paul Masterton in the House of Commons.
On the back of a 10-minute rule bill by East Renfrewshire MP, Paul Masterton , the Government is set to open a consultation and support the introduction of Collective Defined Pension Schemes.
The event hosted by Mr Masterton will provide guidance and information on Universal Credit, as well as assistance with applications.
Crime in East Renfrewshire has seen the second highest jump in Scotland, as incidents rose by more than 14% compared to last year.
The number of crime and offences committed in the area for the period 2017-18 topped 4400, whilst the number of “sexual crimes” hit 112.
East Renfrewshire MP, Paul Masterton has revealed the winner of “East Renfrewshire’s Pub of the Year 2018” as voted by local residents.
Eastwood MSP, Jackson Carlaw, and East Renfrewshire MP, Paul Masterton, joined constituents at The Greenhouse Cafe in Eastwood Health Centre to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of Scotland's National Health Service.
Paul Masterton MP for East Renfrewshire added a splash of pink to his usual attire to support Breast Cancer Now’s wear it pink fundraiser, which will take place on Friday 19 October to raise money for vital breast cancer research.
East Renfrewshire politicians write to Area Commander McQuilter over recent vandalism at Spider Park in Busby.
Nominations open to represent East Renfrewshire on the National stage.
East Renfrewshire MP Paul Masterton is asking people to nominate their favourite local pub to represent the constituency at the coveted UK-wide Parliamentary Pub of the Year competition.

lowercased:
eaglesham beer festival has received parliamentary plaudits from east renfrewshire mp, paul masterton in the house of commons.
on the back of a 10-minute rule bill by east renfrewshire mp, paul masterton , the government is set to open a consultation and support the introduction of collective defined pension schemes.
the event hosted by mr masterton will provide guidance and information on universal credit, as well as assistance with applications.
crime in east renfrewshire has seen the second highest jump in scotland, as incidents rose by more than 14% compared to last year.
the number of crime and offences committed in the area for the period 2017-18 topped 4400, whilst the number of “sexual crimes” hit 112.
east renfrewshire mp, paul masterton has revealed the winner of “east renfrewshire’s pub of the year 2018” as voted by local residents.
eastwood msp, jackson carlaw, and east renfrewshire mp, paul masterton, joined constituents at the greenhouse cafe in eastwood health centre to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of scotland's national health service.
paul masterton mp for east renfrewshire added a splash of pink to his usual attire to support breast cancer now’s wear it pink fundraiser, which will take place on friday 19 october to raise money for vital breast cancer research.
east renfrewshire politicians write to area commander mcquilter over recent vandalism at spider park in busby.
nominations open to represent east renfrewshire on the national stage.
east renfrewshire mp paul masterton is asking people to nominate their favourite local pub to represent the constituency at the coveted uk-wide parliamentary pub of the year competition.


text:
» Jazz Education And Performance.
» Best Beat Making Guide! Crazy Conversions!

lowercased:
» jazz education and performance.
» best beat making guide! crazy conversions!


text:
Upgrading to an energy-efficient outdoor spa cover can save you energy and help keep your spa running smoothly. Energy-efficient spa covers are framed and fully insulated—even at the folding seam—to prevent the heated water in your spa from being cooled by outside air. They also keep debris out, decreasing demand on your heating, filtration and pumping components.
You must live in Oregon and heat your spa with electricity provided by Portland General Electric or Pacific Power.
Purchase a qualified outdoor spa cover from a participating retailer.
Sign and submit your incentive application within 60 days of purchase.
Spa must be located outdoors. Spa cover must be purchased through Energy Trust’s list of participating retailers. Spa cover with air chambers must be at least 2 inches thick at all points; spa cover with a foam core must be at least 3 inches thick at all points.
Spa cover should be one continuous piece, insulated to a minimum R-12.
Folding spa cover must have a hinge insulated to a minimum R-12.
The incentive may only be applied once per home, unless you have multiple outdoor spas.

lowercased:
upgrading to an energy-efficient outdoor spa cover can save you energy and help keep your spa running smoothly. energy-efficient spa covers are framed and fully insulated—even at the folding seam—to prevent the heated water in your spa from being cooled by outside air. they also keep debris out, decreasing demand on your heating, filtration and pumping components.
you must live in oregon and heat your spa with electricity provided by portland general electric or pacific power.
purchase a qualified outdoor spa cover from a participating retailer.
sign and submit your incentive application within 60 days of purchase.
spa must be located outdoors. spa cover must be purchased through energy trust’s list of participating retailers. spa cover with air chambers must be at least 2 inches thick at all points; spa cover with a foam core must be at least 3 inches thick at all points.
spa cover should be one continuous piece, insulated to a minimum r-12.
folding spa cover must have a hinge insulated to a minimum r-12.
the incentive may only be applied once per home, unless you have multiple outdoor spas.


text:
Making mistakes in a translation or original sentence doesn't matter much, because sooner or later someone always corrects them. I've got a diploma from the Paris Conservatory of Music. I don't want to have anything to do with that. What else do you know about that? I am single. Don't you care what your parents think? He talked to the chairman. It happens to me as well. Rafik is illiterate. We'll meet right here.
Jesus needs proper medical attention. She eats chocolate every day. Sandeep was a lumberjack. We don't understand English at all. I am by no means absent from this class because I am lazy. We'll leave as soon as the weather clears up. We walk among the lemon trees. I want to be like Picasso. Until last night, I had never sung in French. Samuel's boss told him that his performance left a lot to be desired.
I have amnesia. Rogue'll call in to see you after work. Is there a photo shop in the hotel? I have a reservation for lunch. I'm part of the committee that's looking into that problem. I'm much younger than Elijah. Maybe you ought to let Jiri do what he wants to do. Why are you complaining? Can you elaborate on that? No one can say anything.
Is he aware of the difficulty? The geyser sends up a column of hot water every two hours. Huashi asked Walter if she'd help him. She said that he was handsome. He stood dazedly watching the beauty of the Alpine dawn. The ominous thunderstorm in the distance was gaining speed and strength. They're the real racists. Alchemists believed that the philosopher's stone was capable of extending a person's life. It's important not to change or discontinue medication without seeking medical advice. They saw him enter the room.
Nils walked away without waiting for an answer. I always keep an eye on them. You can't help them anymore. They all longed for the holidays. I saw Jennifer here yesterday. I've got it covered. Sofoklis dropped out of school when he was thirteen. What subjects do you study at school? I saw Santa Claus kissing Mommy. I think it was a mistake that you didn't take my advice.
The hamster has stuffed cheeks. This virtual problem is blown out of proportion. Your suitcases are over there. You're making this personal. Kinch has a lot of patience. We ate boiled potatoes all winter. The north wind is cool. Make them go away. I will come with you. It's an old name.
The tall girl picked up the small child. Liz, are you decent? I'll be your first patient. Carolyn thinks we don't want to go. Dan was arrested at church. All is quiet again. Marika wanted me to learn Finnish. We've been over this a thousand times. Nobody wants to be hated. I'll be up on the roof.
Jamie wondered how Rakhal could be so sure that it was going to snow. She hastened to deny the story. I've seen it myself. What are those spots on your skin? Peggy steadied himself. Dean wasn't at church last Sunday. It's already been done. Shyam pumped up the tyre. The door opened and there she was, standing in the doorway. Maybe we should ask him for directions.
Will you pray for me to be happy? A few of the neighbors came by to welcome us to the neighborhood. There's a rock on the floor. A cabinet is a cupboard used for displaying things. That is my little sister's camera. Mysore couldn't think of right words to say. He talks a lot about his father. What are those cards, Jan? Why not just tell us what it is you want to do? Would Adlai let me wear this?
Brooke wouldn't quit. They contrived to arrive in time after all. Srinivas thought it was a bomb. This is exactly what I've been looking for. Look, the boys are walking barefoot in the water. The proud Trojan city was taken at last. Don't stick your hand out of the window. I bought an anti-theft system for my bike. I have a normal eyesight. Could you give me a ball-park figure?

lowercased:
making mistakes in a translation or original sentence doesn't matter much, because sooner or later someone always corrects them. i've got a diploma from the paris conservatory of music. i don't want to have anything to do with that. what else do you know about that? i am single. don't you care what your parents think? he talked to the chairman. it happens to me as well. rafik is illiterate. we'll meet right here.
jesus needs proper medical attention. she eats chocolate every day. sandeep was a lumberjack. we don't understand english at all. i am by no means absent from this class because i am lazy. we'll leave as soon as the weather clears up. we walk among the lemon trees. i want to be like picasso. until last night, i had never sung in french. samuel's boss told him that his performance left a lot to be desired.
i have amnesia. rogue'll call in to see you after work. is there a photo shop in the hotel? i have a reservation for lunch. i'm part of the committee that's looking into that problem. i'm much younger than elijah. maybe you ought to let jiri do what he wants to do. why are you complaining? can you elaborate on that? no one can say anything.
is he aware of the difficulty? the geyser sends up a column of hot water every two hours. huashi asked walter if she'd help him. she said that he was handsome. he stood dazedly watching the beauty of the alpine dawn. the ominous thunderstorm in the distance was gaining speed and strength. they're the real racists. alchemists believed that the philosopher's stone was capable of extending a person's life. it's important not to change or discontinue medication without seeking medical advice. they saw him enter the room.
nils walked away without waiting for an answer. i always keep an eye on them. you can't help them anymore. they all longed for the holidays. i saw jennifer here yesterday. i've got it covered. sofoklis dropped out of school when he was thirteen. what subjects do you study at school? i saw santa claus kissing mommy. i think it was a mistake that you didn't take my advice.
the hamster has stuffed cheeks. this virtual problem is blown out of proportion. your suitcases are over there. you're making this personal. kinch has a lot of patience. we ate boiled potatoes all winter. the north wind is cool. make them go away. i will come with you. it's an old name.
the tall girl picked up the small child. liz, are you decent? i'll be your first patient. carolyn thinks we don't want to go. dan was arrested at church. all is quiet again. marika wanted me to learn finnish. we've been over this a thousand times. nobody wants to be hated. i'll be up on the roof.
jamie wondered how rakhal could be so sure that it was going to snow. she hastened to deny the story. i've seen it myself. what are those spots on your skin? peggy steadied himself. dean wasn't at church last sunday. it's already been done. shyam pumped up the tyre. the door opened and there she was, standing in the doorway. maybe we should ask him for directions.
will you pray for me to be happy? a few of the neighbors came by to welcome us to the neighborhood. there's a rock on the floor. a cabinet is a cupboard used for displaying things. that is my little sister's camera. mysore couldn't think of right words to say. he talks a lot about his father. what are those cards, jan? why not just tell us what it is you want to do? would adlai let me wear this?
brooke wouldn't quit. they contrived to arrive in time after all. srinivas thought it was a bomb. this is exactly what i've been looking for. look, the boys are walking barefoot in the water. the proud trojan city was taken at last. don't stick your hand out of the window. i bought an anti-theft system for my bike. i have a normal eyesight. could you give me a ball-park figure?


text:
Want to know what people enjoy most about their days on board cruise ships? P&O did, so they set up a questionnaire on Facebook – and got some unexpected answers.
To no-one’s surprise, relaxing was the favourite activity, followed by sunbathing which I would have thought was pretty much the same thing; or does it require lots of concentration to ensure an even, all-over tan?
Given that their ships are in port on more days than they are at sea, perhaps we might have expected “seeing a new place” and taking excursions to have secured more votes, unless their relatively low score is because P&O passengers have “been there, done that, got the T-shirt” and there are few new places left for them.
Food remains at the forefront of many passengers’ thoughts, which is why some look forward to spending their days “looking at the menus for the evening meal.” And we’ll have to forgive those who considered “midnight snacks” to be a popular daytime activity.
I’d like to think P&O will pay attention to those who said they would like to sunbathe if only “all the flipping beds” had not gone, and take note that, disappointingly, art scored one single, solitary vote.
Although the crew probably have their own way of dealing with passengers like that. If I could have a day at sea for every senior officer who met his wife working or travelling on board ship, I would be away for months. It must be something to do with the motion of the ocean.

lowercased:
want to know what people enjoy most about their days on board cruise ships? p&o did, so they set up a questionnaire on facebook – and got some unexpected answers.
to no-one’s surprise, relaxing was the favourite activity, followed by sunbathing which i would have thought was pretty much the same thing; or does it require lots of concentration to ensure an even, all-over tan?
given that their ships are in port on more days than they are at sea, perhaps we might have expected “seeing a new place” and taking excursions to have secured more votes, unless their relatively low score is because p&o passengers have “been there, done that, got the t-shirt” and there are few new places left for them.
food remains at the forefront of many passengers’ thoughts, which is why some look forward to spending their days “looking at the menus for the evening meal.” and we’ll have to forgive those who considered “midnight snacks” to be a popular daytime activity.
i’d like to think p&o will pay attention to those who said they would like to sunbathe if only “all the flipping beds” had not gone, and take note that, disappointingly, art scored one single, solitary vote.
although the crew probably have their own way of dealing with passengers like that. if i could have a day at sea for every senior officer who met his wife working or travelling on board ship, i would be away for months. it must be something to do with the motion of the ocean.


text:
Riverlake Partners is a fully integrated private investment management company which periodically comes to market with a new fund series. Our investors are made up of well connected sophisticated individual investors who we frequently rely on for their leadership experience as well as institutional investors who provide us with significant purchasing power and financial market intelligence. As Riverlake Partners continues to pursue becoming more relevant in its core markets, we welcome the opportunity to speak with potential new investors.
Please contact Erik Krieger at ekrieger riverlakepartners.com or (503) 228-7100 to discuss Riverlake Partners' investment opportunities.

lowercased:
riverlake partners is a fully integrated private investment management company which periodically comes to market with a new fund series. our investors are made up of well connected sophisticated individual investors who we frequently rely on for their leadership experience as well as institutional investors who provide us with significant purchasing power and financial market intelligence. as riverlake partners continues to pursue becoming more relevant in its core markets, we welcome the opportunity to speak with potential new investors.
please contact erik krieger at ekrieger riverlakepartners.com or (503) 228-7100 to discuss riverlake partners' investment opportunities.


text:
Life With Cancer. Life With Triplets & A Teen. Life.
My first book is available to order now!
Sign up here to receive my Blog Posts.
”Emma is an inspiration. She’s funny, brave and searingly honest. This book will make you laugh and cry. It’s like listening to your best friend.
"A story of true maternal courage in the face of an onslaught of massive life challenges, Emma Campbell is an extraordinary woman. This is a deeply felt memoir about motherhood, survival and learning to live for whatever life throws at you."
"An extraordinary story of facing life's multiple (!) trials with love, resilience and courage, told in Emma's warm, funny and unflinchingly honest style."
AMY McCULLOCHAuthor of Jinxed and The Potion Diaries.
Grace TimothyAuthor of Mum Face.

lowercased:
life with cancer. life with triplets & a teen. life.
my first book is available to order now!
sign up here to receive my blog posts.
”emma is an inspiration. she’s funny, brave and searingly honest. this book will make you laugh and cry. it’s like listening to your best friend.
"a story of true maternal courage in the face of an onslaught of massive life challenges, emma campbell is an extraordinary woman. this is a deeply felt memoir about motherhood, survival and learning to live for whatever life throws at you."
"an extraordinary story of facing life's multiple (!) trials with love, resilience and courage, told in emma's warm, funny and unflinchingly honest style."
amy mccullochauthor of jinxed and the potion diaries.
grace timothyauthor of mum face.


text:
Open call for people who can contribute new exercises!
BuckleScript: A platform that features an optimizing OCaml compiler to readable JS. Optimization and readable JS code are the killer features.
When the view itself is dynamic, the problem is a nested incremental problem.
Thanks for the really useful notes, @armish! I’ve bumped your trust level up so you should be able to edit and post as many links as you like, if you want to edit the markdown.
Thanks Amish, if we can have rendered markdown it would be better.
Thanks a lot for writing this up, armish! I couldn’t make Compose this year and it’s great to get pointers to what I missed.
| (_::_),  | , (_::_) -> invalid_arg "List.app"
And hey! That works. Neat!
This is surprising to me because slide 65 of @chrisamaphone’s presentation from 2 years ago mentions that higher-order functors are disallowed. Does this just mean, then, that it is merely that functor types can’t be directly used as functor arguments, but if said functors are module members it’s always fine?
That talk was about SML.
The talk in general is about SML, but the part I pointed to refers to OCaml explicitly, comparing its functor behavior with SML and MoscowML.
If you want a demonstration of high order functors in action, look at the internals of ocamlgraph and ctypes.

lowercased:
open call for people who can contribute new exercises!
bucklescript: a platform that features an optimizing ocaml compiler to readable js. optimization and readable js code are the killer features.
when the view itself is dynamic, the problem is a nested incremental problem.
thanks for the really useful notes, @armish! i’ve bumped your trust level up so you should be able to edit and post as many links as you like, if you want to edit the markdown.
thanks amish, if we can have rendered markdown it would be better.
thanks a lot for writing this up, armish! i couldn’t make compose this year and it’s great to get pointers to what i missed.
| (_::_),  | , (_::_) -> invalid_arg "list.app"
and hey! that works. neat!
this is surprising to me because slide 65 of @chrisamaphone’s presentation from 2 years ago mentions that higher-order functors are disallowed. does this just mean, then, that it is merely that functor types can’t be directly used as functor arguments, but if said functors are module members it’s always fine?
that talk was about sml.
the talk in general is about sml, but the part i pointed to refers to ocaml explicitly, comparing its functor behavior with sml and moscowml.
if you want a demonstration of high order functors in action, look at the internals of ocamlgraph and ctypes.


text: ROYAL ROSE is a cosmetic line based on the unique qualities of the BULGARIAN ROSE OIL and ARGAN OIL. The Bulgarian rose oil with its distinct anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and regenerative qualities is an ideal product to nourish, soften and regenerate the skin, and slow down the processes of ageing. The oil derived from the kernels of the argan tree, the tree of life, has long been recognised all over the world as a phenomenon in the world of health and beauty products. With its light and airy texture, the Argan oil quickly softens the skin, reduces the appearance of wrinkles and removes the skin’s imperfections.

lowercased: royal rose is a cosmetic line based on the unique qualities of the bulgarian rose oil and argan oil. the bulgarian rose oil with its distinct anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and regenerative qualities is an ideal product to nourish, soften and regenerate the skin, and slow down the processes of ageing. the oil derived from the kernels of the argan tree, the tree of life, has long been recognised all over the world as a phenomenon in the world of health and beauty products. with its light and airy texture, the argan oil quickly softens the skin, reduces the appearance of wrinkles and removes the skin’s imperfections.


text: The design of the Clamp Chair was driven by the idea to create comfortable yet light furniture, that emphasizes the beauty of the wood material and modern craftsmanship. Its appearance is characterized through the seamless transitions between all parts. The upholstered seat and backrest are supported by a very slim wooden frame which comes either in ash, oak or walnut wood. The chair is manufactured with a combination of traditional handcraft and sophisticated CNC machinery. Each chair is assembled by hand and the carefully selected wood is finished with 100% natural beeswax oil.

lowercased: the design of the clamp chair was driven by the idea to create comfortable yet light furniture, that emphasizes the beauty of the wood material and modern craftsmanship. its appearance is characterized through the seamless transitions between all parts. the upholstered seat and backrest are supported by a very slim wooden frame which comes either in ash, oak or walnut wood. the chair is manufactured with a combination of traditional handcraft and sophisticated cnc machinery. each chair is assembled by hand and the carefully selected wood is finished with 100% natural beeswax oil.


text: What. is. good! Casey, Big Co, and Jay Wayne perform a Dynasty Startup Mock Draft from the 3 spot, for your pleasure.

lowercased: what. is. good! casey, big co, and jay wayne perform a dynasty startup mock draft from the 3 spot, for your pleasure.


text:
The must-read summary of Richard Koch’s book: “Living the 80/20 Way: Work Less, Worry Less, Succeed More, Enjoy More”.
This complete summary of the ideas from Richard Koch’s book “Living the 80/20 Way” shows how you can use the 80/20 principle in every area of your life. The author explains that you should focus on the 20% of tasks that lead to 80% of your success. By minimising your workload and focusing on what really matters, you will be able to discover the most efficient way to achieve success.
To learn more, read “Living the 80/20 Way” to de-clutter your life and start focusing on what really matters to your success.

lowercased:
the must-read summary of richard koch’s book: “living the 80/20 way: work less, worry less, succeed more, enjoy more”.
this complete summary of the ideas from richard koch’s book “living the 80/20 way” shows how you can use the 80/20 principle in every area of your life. the author explains that you should focus on the 20% of tasks that lead to 80% of your success. by minimising your workload and focusing on what really matters, you will be able to discover the most efficient way to achieve success.
to learn more, read “living the 80/20 way” to de-clutter your life and start focusing on what really matters to your success.


text: Congratulations to this winning team, and thanks for helping to keep Delaware on the musical map! It's encouraging when talent and dedication gives extra visibility to our musical pursuits that are often so undervalued. Bravi to all three!

lowercased: congratulations to this winning team, and thanks for helping to keep delaware on the musical map! it's encouraging when talent and dedication gives extra visibility to our musical pursuits that are often so undervalued. bravi to all three!


text:
On completion of this course delegates will be aware of all the relevant terminology of the hazardous area field and will understand the parameters of hazardous materials relevant to area classification assessments. Delegates will able to carry out basic hazardous area classification assessments using the techniques contained within BSEN60079-10 for indoor and outdoor situations using direct example and point source release methods of assessment.
Definition of hazardous areas / explosive atmospheres.
Properties of combustion / fire / explosion.
Protection concepts and applicable standards (BSEN 60079 series).
Flammable Facts: Gas groups, zones and temperature ratings.

lowercased:
on completion of this course delegates will be aware of all the relevant terminology of the hazardous area field and will understand the parameters of hazardous materials relevant to area classification assessments. delegates will able to carry out basic hazardous area classification assessments using the techniques contained within bsen60079-10 for indoor and outdoor situations using direct example and point source release methods of assessment.
definition of hazardous areas / explosive atmospheres.
properties of combustion / fire / explosion.
protection concepts and applicable standards (bsen 60079 series).
flammable facts: gas groups, zones and temperature ratings.


text:
In recent years the Sudan government has been responsible for pouring weapons into Darfur at a time when territorial and environmental tensions were already high. Rather than encourage and supervise resolutions to these issues the government has chosen to inflame ethnic and racial divisions in the region. The well-known devastation created by this policy has a precedent in British activities in the region in 1915-16 as part of the buildup to the Anglo-Egyptian invasion that brought the independent Sultanate of Darfur under the control of the Khartoum government.
Darfur's independence was first shattered by an invasion led by the powerful slave-trader and freebooter Zubayr Pasha in 1874. Zubayr's conquest was quickly taken from him by the Turko-Egyptian government, which controlled the rest of the Sudan at the time. The Egyptians in turn were expelled by the forces of the Mahdi, whose Islamic movement took control of most of the country except for a small strip of the Red Sea coast.
After the Mahdist government of Sudan was crushed at Omdurman by the British-led Egyptian Army in 1898 a so-called British-Egyptian Condominium government was created to administer the Sudan. Though a partnership in theory, government decisions were made exclusively by the senior partner, the British. Units of Sudanese and Egyptian troops were available to enforce the government's writ, but the senior officers were all British soldiers on loan to the Egyptian Army. The Governor General of the Sudan was also exclusively British, creating friction with Egyptian nationalists who justifiably questioned the balance of this 'partnership'. Added to this were civilians of the Sudan Political Service, powerful and independent men who often worked in isolation from other Europeans for long stretches of time. Almost exclusively drawn from Oxford and Cambridge universities, they were fluent in Arabic and expected to make most decisions in the field without having to refer everything to the Governor General in Khartoum. For over five decades this low-cost and, indeed, low-interest, form of administration worked surprisingly well, in large part because of British willingness to apply overwhelming force to any sign of defiance, especially in the early days of the Condominium.
Darfur remained outside the Condominium. It had been intended that it would form part of the Sudan in 1898, but a member of the Fur royal family, 'Ali Dinar, beat the British back to the capital of al-Fashir after the battle of Omdurman, deposing a British-supported pretender while re-establishing the Fur Kingdom. The British recognized 'Ali Dinar as sovereign of distant Darfur in exchange for an annual tribute and a nominal acceptance of the Sudan Government as the suzerain power.
Most of the British inspectors were trained in Arab language and culture, and had little sympathy for what they saw as backwards and ignorant Black Africans, regardless of their skills or achievements. For the Fur these achievements were considerable. For three centuries they had ruled a prosperous trading nation with a rich culture, building political unity from a nearly impossible ethnic and linguistic diversity.
The Arabs were never enthusiastic about Fur rule, but the centralized authority of the region created a tense but workable relationship between the tribes and the Sultan, who had recourse to a large professional army. Tribute was usually paid, and a degree of order prevailed between African and Arab tribes who might otherwise raid each other to their mutual impoverishment. What had changed by the late 19th century was the encroachment of European imperialists, the French to the West, and the British to the East. The Arab leaders realized that they now had a new card to play by manipulating this presence to their advantage. A similar phenomenon occurred in the Sultanate of Dar Sila on Darfur's western border, where the nomadic Arab tribes besieged the French with complaints about the 'African' Sultan Bakhit. The Sudan government's relationship with Darfur began to change in 1914, when the British became interested in using the Arabs against the African tribes who dominated Darfur.
The security of the Darfur border region was placed in the hands of one of the Sultan's most trusted lieutenants, Khalil 'Abd ar-Rahman. Determined to put an end to the insolence of the Arabs, Khalil pursued an active policy of force against the tribes, creating an incident in 1913 when he attacked a large party of Zaiyadia Arabs fleeing the Sultan's troops. The attack took place on the Kordofan (Sudanese) side of the border, causing a great deal of anxiety amongst the handful of British administrators who regarded this as a direct challenge to government authority in the region.
The problem was that there was no uniform policy in dealing with the Arab tribes, especially those that routinely crossed the border to seek refuge from the Sultan or the Khartoum government, depending on the circumstances. The generally pro-Arab inspectors were divided on the timing and degree of support to be offered to the Arabs, while the Inspector-General, Rudolf von Slatin Pasha (who knew 'Ali Dinar from their mutual captivity in Omdurman during the days of the Mahdist government) favoured a conciliatory relationship with the Sultan. Before the Mahdist revolution Slatin had been governor of Darfur in the old Turko-Egyptian regime. Under the Condominium government Slatin was given nearly total control over the nomadic tribes and the appointment of their leaders, mostly men known personally by Slatin and regarded by him as loyal to the government.
With the outbreak of a European war in August 1914, the Austrian-born Slatin was expelled from the Sudan as a security risk despite having been a member of the Egyptian Army since 1879. No European had such intimate knowledge of the peoples of Darfur as Slatin. Tribal policy in the western Sudan now passed into the hands of less-experienced British officials. In November 1914 the Ottoman government declared war on the Allied Powers, followed soon after by a declaration of jihad for all Muslims by Ottoman Sultan Muhammad Rashad V in his role as Caliph of Islam. From this point on a religious dimension emerged in the deteriorating relations between 'Ali Dinar and the Khartoum government. Governor-General Wingate (an experienced intelligence hand in the Egyptian Army) began to make funds available to the Kordofan inspectors to mount espionage and other secret operations against Darfur.
The Ottoman Sultan's proclamation of jihad had no impact on the Arabs of Darfur. The bitter legacy of the Turko-Egyptian 19th century occupation of the region meant that the Arabs had no interest in supporting the Ottomans. The survival and growth of the tribe remained paramount, and the key to this was seen to be cooperation with the British.
With the Kababish Arabs raiding the eastern frontier of Darfur in 1915 the Sultan appealed to the Government for arms and ammunition to defend his territory, a natural request to make of the suzerain power. The Kordofan-based Kababish were the largest nomadic tribe in the Sudan. In 1911 they had been bold enough to strike into western Darfur to raid one of the Sultan's own caravans carrying a large shipment of arms. The tribe's loyalty was more important to the Khartoum government than 'Ali Dinar's satisfaction, so the Sultan's request for arms was denied. In the end the British relented to sending 1,000 rounds, a ridiculously small amount. Larger considerations were at play here; 'Ali Dinar had for years battled French encroachment on his western border and had repeatedly requested arms from the government, only to be denied in every case. The British did not wish to create an incident with their wartime French allies by giving a Fur army the means of defeating a French expedition. The British and the French had already been negotiating the limits of the western border of Darfur before the war, but put off a decision until the war was over.
By May 1915 'Ali Dinar was sending threatening letters to the leader of the Kababish Arabs. He accused them of joining the infidels but suggested they follow the path of jihad instead. The Kababish chief, 'Ali al-Tum, immediately dumped the letters on the closest British inspector with a warning that the government should take care of this 'fanatic'. The British inspectors in Kordofan now began to realize the thinness of their rule, and broached the idea of a preemptory invasion of Darfur.
Governor-General Wingate and most of his fellow officers in the Sudan were refused in their applications to transfer to the fighting on the Western Front on the grounds of their experience and irreplaceability in the Sudan. These were all professional soldiers who began to realize that their own efficiency in keeping Sudan quiet during the war was cutting them out of the opportunities for promotion and decorations they could get in Europe. Once planted, the idea of creating a new battleground for the Great War began to take on steam. Rumours of German officers in al-Fashir and diabolical cruelties committed by the Sultan began to circulate. Eventually these rumours and other fantasies were all packed off to London labeled 'Intelligence'.
Normally Arab complaints of the Sultan's hostility were grounded in the Arab tribes' own prevarication in paying the annual tribute. Therefore the Government usually responded with a few words of sympathy and a suggestion to pay the tribute more promptly. In July 1915 the Governor-General instructed his agents to advise Musa Madibbu, chief of the Rizayqat tribe, to avoid paying the tribute, advice sure to result in fighting. It was thought that any government invasion of Darfur would benefit greatly from having the Sultan's army 'embroiled with the Rizayqat'. Wingate, whose experience in intelligence work included what may be called 'dirty tricks', suggested that in his correspondence with the Sultan, Madibbu should name any supporters of 'Ali Dinar in his own tribe as the individuals preventing him from collecting the tribute.
Musa Madibbu was interested in enlisting the aid of the Sudan Government in a growing struggle between his tribe and the Fur Sultan. In 1913 the Rizayqat had narrowly beaten a Fur punitive expedition, but losses were heavy and Madibbu did not believe the Rizayqat could duplicate their win. In September 1915 British Inspector John Bassett offered to loan the Rizayqat arms and ammunition to defend themselves from the Sultan. The total amount came to 300 rifles and 30,000 rounds, enough to turn the Rizayqat into potent challengers to Fur rule. In December a similar loan of 200 rifles and ammunition was made to 'Ali al-Tum and the Kababish. Musa Madibbu had no intention of taking on the Sultan himself, however, and wrote to the Government that 'we are poor Arabs and have no power to resist this man'. By this point both the Arabs and the Government were trying to manipulate each other. The dispute grew as the Sultan sent Musa Madibbu a pair of sandals to run away with, while Musa replied that he would soon be watering his horses at the Sultan's capital of al-Fashir.
The new Government policy was a reversal of its long-standing efforts to disarm the Arab tribes of Kordofan. The region was still awash with 35-year old rifles seized by Mahdist fighters from the ill-fated Hicks Pasha expedition of 1883, but many of these had lost their sights or seen their barrels sawed off to make them easier to carry. Even those still intact commonly used pebbles for ammunition in lead-poor Sudan. The supply of modern weapons and ample ammunition was a dramatic change to the strategic situation in Darfur.
By April 1916 460 Arabs of the Kababish, Kawahla, and other Arab tribes had been deployed in a string of eight posts along the Darfur frontier. All were armed and paid by the Government. The Arabs were ordered to carry out scouting forays into Darfur, but, as one inspector wryly put it, 'their vigorous interpretation of the term reconnaissance' took them some 300 miles right across Darfur. The new British-supplied weapons were used by the Arabs to attack their old rivals in French territory, the Bidayat and the Gura'an. There were suggestions that a Government man be sent to the Arabs to reign in their excesses, but eventually it was decided it was better to look the other way, as a government representative would simply be a witness to 'enormities' that he could do nothing to prevent.
We beg to inform Your Majesty that the Moslems who have abandoned Islam and embraced Christianity have been punished in a miraculous way never heard of on this earth – except during the time of the Prophets… It fell on a tribe called Rizeigat, subjects of ours who had abandoned the light of Islam and followed the advice of the Christians, the dogs – The heaven rained fire on them and they ran to the river and diving therein, turned into black coal – In another place Heaven rained red blood.
'Ali Dinar failed to meet the British at the border with his army, fearing that if he moved his troops up, Musa Madibbu would sweep in behind him and loot al-Fashir (presumably with those Rizayqat who had not been turned into coal). The Sultan now took on a more friendly tone in his communications with the Rizayqat chieftain. The Sultan announced that he was satisfied with Musa, and in a mix of threat and encouragement informed the Arab chief that the Fur army had already met the Anglo-Egyptian invasion force, and that though each of his men was hit at least ten times by the infidels' bullets, there were no injuries.
In May 1916 the Sultan's army was defeated at the battle of Birinjia, followed several months later by the Sultan's own death at the hands of an Anglo-Egyptian mounted infantry task force. While this put an end to Fur resistance the nomads of Darfur were just getting started. By the middle of 1916 the nomadic African Bidayat, Gura'an and Zaghawa tribes were all raiding from French territory into northwest Darfur. 'Ali al-Tum led the Kababish against the Berti in northern Darfur, defeating them and seizing their herds on the pretext that they were 'enemies of the government'. From there they turned to raiding Dar Zaghawa (a territory straddling the Chad/Darfur border). At the same time the Bani Halba of southern Darfur were looting herds without any concern for whether their owners were pro or anti government.
In October a raiding party of 200 Kababish was in the Ennedi region (modern north Chad) seizing women and children. In retaliation the Bidayat and Gura'an raided the Arabs of northern Darfur in November, then turned south to take 3,500 head of cattle and 50 women and children from the Fur. In December, 1916, a column of the Egyptian Army Camel Corps was sent to northwest Darfur to cooperate with French units against the Bidayat and the Gura'an. The provision of arms had unleashed a storm of retaliatory violence that the government had great difficulty reigning in over the next several years.
The Darfur campaign never achieved recognition as part of the Great War. This was a great disappointment to the expedition's British officers, but designation as a part of the World War meant that London would be responsible for the costs of the conquest. Although the invasion was justified as a strike against German and Ottoman forces in Africa, the conflict received the official designation 'Patrol 16 of the Egyptian Army' making it a purely local affair. This revisionist slight of hand allowed the entire bill to be sent to Cairo instead.
In the end, the Arab tribes contributed almost nothing to the conquest of Darfur. The violence of raid and counter-raid swept across northern Darfur long after the campaign of 1916. Even the Great War had come to an end by the time French and British colonial officials cooperated to bring an end to the destruction of life and property. Like the current situation in Darfur the Sudan government had introduced modern arms into the region while aggravating ethnic and territorial conflicts that were usually resolved by traditional methods of conciliation. As the chaos spiraled out of control the colonial government (like today's regime in Khartoum) chose to disclaim any responsibility. Unfortunately the lessons of history have little attraction for today's policy-makers.
. So-called since the entire ruling class of Egypt at the time was composed of Turks, Circassians, and other races of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish rather than Arabic was the language of both the elite and the military.
. I have used the term 'Fur army' in this paper in reference to the Sultans's forces, but the army was in fact composed of many different tribes and ethnic groups. The two senior commanders were both slaves from the southern hinterland, named Sulayman and Ramadan.
McGregor, Andrew: A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War , Praeger Security International (Greenwood Press), Westport Conn, 2006.
Prunier, Gérard: Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide , Hurst & Co., London, 2005.
Theobald, AB: 'Ali Dinar: Last Sultan of Darfur, 1896-1916 , London, 1965 (out of print).
Von Slatin, Rudolph: Fire and Sword in the Sudan , London, 1896-97 (out of print).
Copyright © 2006 Andrew McGregor.
Andrew McGregor is director of Toronto-based Aberfoyle International Security (AIS) and former senior editor of the Global Terrorism Analysis Program of the Washington DC based Jamestown Foundation. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto’s Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations in 2000 and is a former Research Associate of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. He is the author of an archaeological history of Darfur published by Cambridge University in 2001. His latest book is A Military History of Modern Egypt, published by Praeger Security International. Dr. McGregor has written over 700 articles on international military and security issues for organizations including Jane’s Intelligence, the Royal Institute of International Affairs and the Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies. He also provides frequent commentary on military and security issues for international newspapers, radio and television, including the New York Times, Financial Times, CNN, Fox News, al-Jazeera, the CBC and the BBC. He can be reached at mcgregor@aberfoylesecurity.com, or visit the AIS website at www.aberfoylesecurity.com.

lowercased:
in recent years the sudan government has been responsible for pouring weapons into darfur at a time when territorial and environmental tensions were already high. rather than encourage and supervise resolutions to these issues the government has chosen to inflame ethnic and racial divisions in the region. the well-known devastation created by this policy has a precedent in british activities in the region in 1915-16 as part of the buildup to the anglo-egyptian invasion that brought the independent sultanate of darfur under the control of the khartoum government.
darfur's independence was first shattered by an invasion led by the powerful slave-trader and freebooter zubayr pasha in 1874. zubayr's conquest was quickly taken from him by the turko-egyptian government, which controlled the rest of the sudan at the time. the egyptians in turn were expelled by the forces of the mahdi, whose islamic movement took control of most of the country except for a small strip of the red sea coast.
after the mahdist government of sudan was crushed at omdurman by the british-led egyptian army in 1898 a so-called british-egyptian condominium government was created to administer the sudan. though a partnership in theory, government decisions were made exclusively by the senior partner, the british. units of sudanese and egyptian troops were available to enforce the government's writ, but the senior officers were all british soldiers on loan to the egyptian army. the governor general of the sudan was also exclusively british, creating friction with egyptian nationalists who justifiably questioned the balance of this 'partnership'. added to this were civilians of the sudan political service, powerful and independent men who often worked in isolation from other europeans for long stretches of time. almost exclusively drawn from oxford and cambridge universities, they were fluent in arabic and expected to make most decisions in the field without having to refer everything to the governor general in khartoum. for over five decades this low-cost and, indeed, low-interest, form of administration worked surprisingly well, in large part because of british willingness to apply overwhelming force to any sign of defiance, especially in the early days of the condominium.
darfur remained outside the condominium. it had been intended that it would form part of the sudan in 1898, but a member of the fur royal family, 'ali dinar, beat the british back to the capital of al-fashir after the battle of omdurman, deposing a british-supported pretender while re-establishing the fur kingdom. the british recognized 'ali dinar as sovereign of distant darfur in exchange for an annual tribute and a nominal acceptance of the sudan government as the suzerain power.
most of the british inspectors were trained in arab language and culture, and had little sympathy for what they saw as backwards and ignorant black africans, regardless of their skills or achievements. for the fur these achievements were considerable. for three centuries they had ruled a prosperous trading nation with a rich culture, building political unity from a nearly impossible ethnic and linguistic diversity.
the arabs were never enthusiastic about fur rule, but the centralized authority of the region created a tense but workable relationship between the tribes and the sultan, who had recourse to a large professional army. tribute was usually paid, and a degree of order prevailed between african and arab tribes who might otherwise raid each other to their mutual impoverishment. what had changed by the late 19th century was the encroachment of european imperialists, the french to the west, and the british to the east. the arab leaders realized that they now had a new card to play by manipulating this presence to their advantage. a similar phenomenon occurred in the sultanate of dar sila on darfur's western border, where the nomadic arab tribes besieged the french with complaints about the 'african' sultan bakhit. the sudan government's relationship with darfur began to change in 1914, when the british became interested in using the arabs against the african tribes who dominated darfur.
the security of the darfur border region was placed in the hands of one of the sultan's most trusted lieutenants, khalil 'abd ar-rahman. determined to put an end to the insolence of the arabs, khalil pursued an active policy of force against the tribes, creating an incident in 1913 when he attacked a large party of zaiyadia arabs fleeing the sultan's troops. the attack took place on the kordofan (sudanese) side of the border, causing a great deal of anxiety amongst the handful of british administrators who regarded this as a direct challenge to government authority in the region.
the problem was that there was no uniform policy in dealing with the arab tribes, especially those that routinely crossed the border to seek refuge from the sultan or the khartoum government, depending on the circumstances. the generally pro-arab inspectors were divided on the timing and degree of support to be offered to the arabs, while the inspector-general, rudolf von slatin pasha (who knew 'ali dinar from their mutual captivity in omdurman during the days of the mahdist government) favoured a conciliatory relationship with the sultan. before the mahdist revolution slatin had been governor of darfur in the old turko-egyptian regime. under the condominium government slatin was given nearly total control over the nomadic tribes and the appointment of their leaders, mostly men known personally by slatin and regarded by him as loyal to the government.
with the outbreak of a european war in august 1914, the austrian-born slatin was expelled from the sudan as a security risk despite having been a member of the egyptian army since 1879. no european had such intimate knowledge of the peoples of darfur as slatin. tribal policy in the western sudan now passed into the hands of less-experienced british officials. in november 1914 the ottoman government declared war on the allied powers, followed soon after by a declaration of jihad for all muslims by ottoman sultan muhammad rashad v in his role as caliph of islam. from this point on a religious dimension emerged in the deteriorating relations between 'ali dinar and the khartoum government. governor-general wingate (an experienced intelligence hand in the egyptian army) began to make funds available to the kordofan inspectors to mount espionage and other secret operations against darfur.
the ottoman sultan's proclamation of jihad had no impact on the arabs of darfur. the bitter legacy of the turko-egyptian 19th century occupation of the region meant that the arabs had no interest in supporting the ottomans. the survival and growth of the tribe remained paramount, and the key to this was seen to be cooperation with the british.
with the kababish arabs raiding the eastern frontier of darfur in 1915 the sultan appealed to the government for arms and ammunition to defend his territory, a natural request to make of the suzerain power. the kordofan-based kababish were the largest nomadic tribe in the sudan. in 1911 they had been bold enough to strike into western darfur to raid one of the sultan's own caravans carrying a large shipment of arms. the tribe's loyalty was more important to the khartoum government than 'ali dinar's satisfaction, so the sultan's request for arms was denied. in the end the british relented to sending 1,000 rounds, a ridiculously small amount. larger considerations were at play here; 'ali dinar had for years battled french encroachment on his western border and had repeatedly requested arms from the government, only to be denied in every case. the british did not wish to create an incident with their wartime french allies by giving a fur army the means of defeating a french expedition. the british and the french had already been negotiating the limits of the western border of darfur before the war, but put off a decision until the war was over.
by may 1915 'ali dinar was sending threatening letters to the leader of the kababish arabs. he accused them of joining the infidels but suggested they follow the path of jihad instead. the kababish chief, 'ali al-tum, immediately dumped the letters on the closest british inspector with a warning that the government should take care of this 'fanatic'. the british inspectors in kordofan now began to realize the thinness of their rule, and broached the idea of a preemptory invasion of darfur.
governor-general wingate and most of his fellow officers in the sudan were refused in their applications to transfer to the fighting on the western front on the grounds of their experience and irreplaceability in the sudan. these were all professional soldiers who began to realize that their own efficiency in keeping sudan quiet during the war was cutting them out of the opportunities for promotion and decorations they could get in europe. once planted, the idea of creating a new battleground for the great war began to take on steam. rumours of german officers in al-fashir and diabolical cruelties committed by the sultan began to circulate. eventually these rumours and other fantasies were all packed off to london labeled 'intelligence'.
normally arab complaints of the sultan's hostility were grounded in the arab tribes' own prevarication in paying the annual tribute. therefore the government usually responded with a few words of sympathy and a suggestion to pay the tribute more promptly. in july 1915 the governor-general instructed his agents to advise musa madibbu, chief of the rizayqat tribe, to avoid paying the tribute, advice sure to result in fighting. it was thought that any government invasion of darfur would benefit greatly from having the sultan's army 'embroiled with the rizayqat'. wingate, whose experience in intelligence work included what may be called 'dirty tricks', suggested that in his correspondence with the sultan, madibbu should name any supporters of 'ali dinar in his own tribe as the individuals preventing him from collecting the tribute.
musa madibbu was interested in enlisting the aid of the sudan government in a growing struggle between his tribe and the fur sultan. in 1913 the rizayqat had narrowly beaten a fur punitive expedition, but losses were heavy and madibbu did not believe the rizayqat could duplicate their win. in september 1915 british inspector john bassett offered to loan the rizayqat arms and ammunition to defend themselves from the sultan. the total amount came to 300 rifles and 30,000 rounds, enough to turn the rizayqat into potent challengers to fur rule. in december a similar loan of 200 rifles and ammunition was made to 'ali al-tum and the kababish. musa madibbu had no intention of taking on the sultan himself, however, and wrote to the government that 'we are poor arabs and have no power to resist this man'. by this point both the arabs and the government were trying to manipulate each other. the dispute grew as the sultan sent musa madibbu a pair of sandals to run away with, while musa replied that he would soon be watering his horses at the sultan's capital of al-fashir.
the new government policy was a reversal of its long-standing efforts to disarm the arab tribes of kordofan. the region was still awash with 35-year old rifles seized by mahdist fighters from the ill-fated hicks pasha expedition of 1883, but many of these had lost their sights or seen their barrels sawed off to make them easier to carry. even those still intact commonly used pebbles for ammunition in lead-poor sudan. the supply of modern weapons and ample ammunition was a dramatic change to the strategic situation in darfur.
by april 1916 460 arabs of the kababish, kawahla, and other arab tribes had been deployed in a string of eight posts along the darfur frontier. all were armed and paid by the government. the arabs were ordered to carry out scouting forays into darfur, but, as one inspector wryly put it, 'their vigorous interpretation of the term reconnaissance' took them some 300 miles right across darfur. the new british-supplied weapons were used by the arabs to attack their old rivals in french territory, the bidayat and the gura'an. there were suggestions that a government man be sent to the arabs to reign in their excesses, but eventually it was decided it was better to look the other way, as a government representative would simply be a witness to 'enormities' that he could do nothing to prevent.
we beg to inform your majesty that the moslems who have abandoned islam and embraced christianity have been punished in a miraculous way never heard of on this earth – except during the time of the prophets… it fell on a tribe called rizeigat, subjects of ours who had abandoned the light of islam and followed the advice of the christians, the dogs – the heaven rained fire on them and they ran to the river and diving therein, turned into black coal – in another place heaven rained red blood.
'ali dinar failed to meet the british at the border with his army, fearing that if he moved his troops up, musa madibbu would sweep in behind him and loot al-fashir (presumably with those rizayqat who had not been turned into coal). the sultan now took on a more friendly tone in his communications with the rizayqat chieftain. the sultan announced that he was satisfied with musa, and in a mix of threat and encouragement informed the arab chief that the fur army had already met the anglo-egyptian invasion force, and that though each of his men was hit at least ten times by the infidels' bullets, there were no injuries.
in may 1916 the sultan's army was defeated at the battle of birinjia, followed several months later by the sultan's own death at the hands of an anglo-egyptian mounted infantry task force. while this put an end to fur resistance the nomads of darfur were just getting started. by the middle of 1916 the nomadic african bidayat, gura'an and zaghawa tribes were all raiding from french territory into northwest darfur. 'ali al-tum led the kababish against the berti in northern darfur, defeating them and seizing their herds on the pretext that they were 'enemies of the government'. from there they turned to raiding dar zaghawa (a territory straddling the chad/darfur border). at the same time the bani halba of southern darfur were looting herds without any concern for whether their owners were pro or anti government.
in october a raiding party of 200 kababish was in the ennedi region (modern north chad) seizing women and children. in retaliation the bidayat and gura'an raided the arabs of northern darfur in november, then turned south to take 3,500 head of cattle and 50 women and children from the fur. in december, 1916, a column of the egyptian army camel corps was sent to northwest darfur to cooperate with french units against the bidayat and the gura'an. the provision of arms had unleashed a storm of retaliatory violence that the government had great difficulty reigning in over the next several years.
the darfur campaign never achieved recognition as part of the great war. this was a great disappointment to the expedition's british officers, but designation as a part of the world war meant that london would be responsible for the costs of the conquest. although the invasion was justified as a strike against german and ottoman forces in africa, the conflict received the official designation 'patrol 16 of the egyptian army' making it a purely local affair. this revisionist slight of hand allowed the entire bill to be sent to cairo instead.
in the end, the arab tribes contributed almost nothing to the conquest of darfur. the violence of raid and counter-raid swept across northern darfur long after the campaign of 1916. even the great war had come to an end by the time french and british colonial officials cooperated to bring an end to the destruction of life and property. like the current situation in darfur the sudan government had introduced modern arms into the region while aggravating ethnic and territorial conflicts that were usually resolved by traditional methods of conciliation. as the chaos spiraled out of control the colonial government (like today's regime in khartoum) chose to disclaim any responsibility. unfortunately the lessons of history have little attraction for today's policy-makers.
. so-called since the entire ruling class of egypt at the time was composed of turks, circassians, and other races of the ottoman empire. turkish rather than arabic was the language of both the elite and the military.
. i have used the term 'fur army' in this paper in reference to the sultans's forces, but the army was in fact composed of many different tribes and ethnic groups. the two senior commanders were both slaves from the southern hinterland, named sulayman and ramadan.
mcgregor, andrew: a military history of modern egypt: from the ottoman conquest to the ramadan war , praeger security international (greenwood press), westport conn, 2006.
prunier, gérard: darfur: the ambiguous genocide , hurst & co., london, 2005.
theobald, ab: 'ali dinar: last sultan of darfur, 1896-1916 , london, 1965 (out of print).
von slatin, rudolph: fire and sword in the sudan , london, 1896-97 (out of print).
copyright © 2006 andrew mcgregor.
andrew mcgregor is director of toronto-based aberfoyle international security (ais) and former senior editor of the global terrorism analysis program of the washington dc based jamestown foundation. he received a ph.d. from the university of toronto’s department of near and middle eastern civilizations in 2000 and is a former research associate of the canadian institute of international affairs. he is the author of an archaeological history of darfur published by cambridge university in 2001. his latest book is a military history of modern egypt, published by praeger security international. dr. mcgregor has written over 700 articles on international military and security issues for organizations including jane’s intelligence, the royal institute of international affairs and the canadian institute of strategic studies. he also provides frequent commentary on military and security issues for international newspapers, radio and television, including the new york times, financial times, cnn, fox news, al-jazeera, the cbc and the bbc. he can be reached at mcgregor@aberfoylesecurity.com, or visit the ais website at www.aberfoylesecurity.com.


text:
Any girl must be in love with Disney theme decor accessories. Cinderella room decor will make a fine one to give wonderfully cute theme with nursery for girls. Do you have little girls? Then having the bedroom in cute Disney Cinderella will be just interesting to add interest in the decor. Cinderella bedding, decals, rugs, curtains and even table lamps are purchasable at Disney Store. You can also add something unique with decor games that your little girls will love to play.
Shabby chic or modern contemporary decorating styles with Cinderella themes, there are best choices. Paler colors like pink and turquoise are wonderful to be combined for real representation to the girls. When it comes to modern contemporary styles, bolder colors are featured with amazing designs that create pleasing to the eyes and the heart harmony. Adding canopy design is certainly one great way to make the bedroom looks more and more sophisticated with elegance in décor and style.
Castle and chariot are two of most featured decorations in any Disney princess theme. Adding quotes on the walls is certainly interesting as inspirational and motivational value. Just make sure that everything is decorated well not merely for a beautiful design but also cute nursery ideas.
Kids have to blankets bring imagination to the story of this photo about creative cinderella room themed party decorations on a time there room recreational shop all what was a princess and personality in your. Decorprincess nursery stylish and minnie mouse for your help to tidy up her messy room cinderella room cinderella room decor birthday party supplies decorations shes trying to the premiere of cinderella bedroom decorating walls with your living room decor images on princess that is your help to appear on purchases over and room decorprincess nursery stylish and have you decorate cinderellas room decor theme.

lowercased:
any girl must be in love with disney theme decor accessories. cinderella room decor will make a fine one to give wonderfully cute theme with nursery for girls. do you have little girls? then having the bedroom in cute disney cinderella will be just interesting to add interest in the decor. cinderella bedding, decals, rugs, curtains and even table lamps are purchasable at disney store. you can also add something unique with decor games that your little girls will love to play.
shabby chic or modern contemporary decorating styles with cinderella themes, there are best choices. paler colors like pink and turquoise are wonderful to be combined for real representation to the girls. when it comes to modern contemporary styles, bolder colors are featured with amazing designs that create pleasing to the eyes and the heart harmony. adding canopy design is certainly one great way to make the bedroom looks more and more sophisticated with elegance in décor and style.
castle and chariot are two of most featured decorations in any disney princess theme. adding quotes on the walls is certainly interesting as inspirational and motivational value. just make sure that everything is decorated well not merely for a beautiful design but also cute nursery ideas.
kids have to blankets bring imagination to the story of this photo about creative cinderella room themed party decorations on a time there room recreational shop all what was a princess and personality in your. decorprincess nursery stylish and minnie mouse for your help to tidy up her messy room cinderella room cinderella room decor birthday party supplies decorations shes trying to the premiere of cinderella bedroom decorating walls with your living room decor images on princess that is your help to appear on purchases over and room decorprincess nursery stylish and have you decorate cinderellas room decor theme.


text:
Pittsburgh has always had grit, it’s always been a lunch pail and boot strap city, one where hard work is expected and reward is never guaranteed. It’s the city Baby Castiel calls home for now, and like generations of ‘Burgh residents before him it’s where he packs his proverbial lunch on a daily basis, throws on his hardhat, and heads out to slug it out with anything and everything the world throws at him. Rise and grind, rise and grind could accurately describe the mindset of his entire family – Mom Tara, Dad Carl, and Brother Tommy – and they look to Castiel for constant inspiration during these very trying times. So, in the “Steel City” does “Steel sharpen Castiel” or the other way around and “Castiel sharpens Steel”? Either way, this kid is as tough as they come.
“Cas” was born on June 13th at Magee Women's Hospital in Pittsburgh weighing 6 lbs. 13 oz., and gave everyone an immediate and unmistakable sign of what was to come by sticking his tongue out to the crowd anxiously awaiting his arrival. Having previously been diagnosed with a left-side congenital diaphragmatic hernia at his 20-week ultrasound, his care team quickly whisked him away to stabilize him and for the following 17 days – with an assist from some ECMO intervention - he prepared for his necessary corrective surgery. Castiel underwent his corrective surgery on June 30th, during the procedure surgeons discovered that while he was almost completely without the left side of his diaphragm, Cas still had a good portion of his left lung and they were very optimistic about his chances for a full recovery. Fast forward now four months, and as is typically the case with CDH, Cas has gone on to endure bouts with pulmonary hypertension, a staph infection, and issues with the structure and functionality of his heart - the latter which will at some point require additional open-heart surgery. Good days are mixed with tough ones but for now Castiel remains resolute to his Pittburgh roots, taking each day as it comes and meeting each challenge with an unbreakable will to overcome!
It also seems fitting that “Castiel” means “Shield of God”, for not only is God behind his shield, but so is anyone lucky enough to be inspired by this brave fighter’s story. The entire Fore Hadley Foundation family continues to send our most sincere thoughts and prayers to Castiel and his family, in our hope for a swift recovery and a long, healthy, and happy life back home with his family that loves him so very much.
Support and proceeds for the Fore Hadley Angels in the NICU Fund will go towards assisting current and future families like Eleanor’s, by providing financial contributions to assist families with the costs associated with extended, long distance travel and living arrangements. Costs that are often a must to ensure the proper specialty care for CDH babies.

lowercased:
pittsburgh has always had grit, it’s always been a lunch pail and boot strap city, one where hard work is expected and reward is never guaranteed. it’s the city baby castiel calls home for now, and like generations of ‘burgh residents before him it’s where he packs his proverbial lunch on a daily basis, throws on his hardhat, and heads out to slug it out with anything and everything the world throws at him. rise and grind, rise and grind could accurately describe the mindset of his entire family – mom tara, dad carl, and brother tommy – and they look to castiel for constant inspiration during these very trying times. so, in the “steel city” does “steel sharpen castiel” or the other way around and “castiel sharpens steel”? either way, this kid is as tough as they come.
“cas” was born on june 13th at magee women's hospital in pittsburgh weighing 6 lbs. 13 oz., and gave everyone an immediate and unmistakable sign of what was to come by sticking his tongue out to the crowd anxiously awaiting his arrival. having previously been diagnosed with a left-side congenital diaphragmatic hernia at his 20-week ultrasound, his care team quickly whisked him away to stabilize him and for the following 17 days – with an assist from some ecmo intervention - he prepared for his necessary corrective surgery. castiel underwent his corrective surgery on june 30th, during the procedure surgeons discovered that while he was almost completely without the left side of his diaphragm, cas still had a good portion of his left lung and they were very optimistic about his chances for a full recovery. fast forward now four months, and as is typically the case with cdh, cas has gone on to endure bouts with pulmonary hypertension, a staph infection, and issues with the structure and functionality of his heart - the latter which will at some point require additional open-heart surgery. good days are mixed with tough ones but for now castiel remains resolute to his pittburgh roots, taking each day as it comes and meeting each challenge with an unbreakable will to overcome!
it also seems fitting that “castiel” means “shield of god”, for not only is god behind his shield, but so is anyone lucky enough to be inspired by this brave fighter’s story. the entire fore hadley foundation family continues to send our most sincere thoughts and prayers to castiel and his family, in our hope for a swift recovery and a long, healthy, and happy life back home with his family that loves him so very much.
support and proceeds for the fore hadley angels in the nicu fund will go towards assisting current and future families like eleanor’s, by providing financial contributions to assist families with the costs associated with extended, long distance travel and living arrangements. costs that are often a must to ensure the proper specialty care for cdh babies.


text: Faculty at Dalhousie University Dental School were consulted about the Fundy Dental Community Project and were very supportive of this initiative in a private practice setting. In addition to providing support and suggestions to revise the draft version of this program description, it was also agreed that students at Dalhousie would participate in FDCP. In August 2016, General Practice Residency dentists (Graduate Program at Dalhousie) started one week rotations for dental emergency experience at Fundy Dental Centre, the walk-in clinic. This Winter 2017 fourth year dental students in the Public Health elective will have rotations at Fundy Dental to gain experience in a private practice setting, and also participate in FDCP. The dentists working in the clinic also have part-time faculty status with Dalhousie University.

lowercased: faculty at dalhousie university dental school were consulted about the fundy dental community project and were very supportive of this initiative in a private practice setting. in addition to providing support and suggestions to revise the draft version of this program description, it was also agreed that students at dalhousie would participate in fdcp. in august 2016, general practice residency dentists (graduate program at dalhousie) started one week rotations for dental emergency experience at fundy dental centre, the walk-in clinic. this winter 2017 fourth year dental students in the public health elective will have rotations at fundy dental to gain experience in a private practice setting, and also participate in fdcp. the dentists working in the clinic also have part-time faculty status with dalhousie university.


text:
According to our current on-line database, Erik Hemmingsen has 5 students and 15 descendants.
If you have additional information or corrections regarding this mathematician, please use the update form. To submit students of this mathematician, please use the new data form, noting this mathematician's MGP ID of 363 for the advisor ID.

lowercased:
according to our current on-line database, erik hemmingsen has 5 students and 15 descendants.
if you have additional information or corrections regarding this mathematician, please use the update form. to submit students of this mathematician, please use the new data form, noting this mathematician's mgp id of 363 for the advisor id.


text:
VMware Workstation is one of the best Virtualization Tool. It is a little bit more complicated to install on Arch Linux than any other Linux distribution like Ubuntu/Debian. In this article, I will show you how to install and configure VMware Workstation Pro 14 on Arch Linux. Let’s get started.
The pacman package repository cache should be updated.
The vmware-workstation AUR Git repository should be cloned.
VMware Workstation text based installer depends on ncurses5-compat-libs. So you will have to install that from AUR as well as it is not available in the official package repository of Arch Linux.
The ncurses5-compat-libs AUR Git repository should be cloned.
Now if you list the contents of the ~/Downloads directory, there should be 2 directories as you can see in the screenshot below.
First you have to install ncurses5-compat-libs package as vmware-workstation depends on it.
NOTE: I tried the makepkg -s command for ncurses5-compat-libs but it throws the following errors.
I tried to add the GPG keys, but for some reason it did not work for me as you can see in the screenshot below. I skipped GPG check in the end. It may work for you, so feel free to try.
$ gpg --keyserver "http://pgp.mit.edu/" --recv-keys "702353E0F7E48EDB"
The pacman package build process for ncurses5-compat-libs.
ncurses5-compat-libs pacman package should be created at this point.
Now press y and then press <Enter>.
The pacman package is being created.
It is created at this point.
vmware-workstation should be installed. You may see an error as marked in the screenshot below. Don’t fear, it is easy to solve. It means you have to perform a kernel update and install the kernel headers.
As you can see in the marked section of the screenshot below, the DKMS kernel modules of VMware Workstation is being installed.
The kernel should be updated and the kernel headers along with VMware DKMS modules should be installed.
vmware-networks should be added to the system startup.
vmware-usbarbitrator should be added to the system startup.
vmware-hostd should be added to the system startup.
Now go to the Application Menu and search for VMware Workstation. Once you find it, click on the VMware Workstation icon as shown in the screenshot below.
You should see the following window. Enter you license key for VMware Workstation 14 and click on OK. If you want to try it out, click on I want to try VMware Workstation 14 for 30 days. and click on OK.
Now enter your root password and click on OK.
You should see the following window. Click on OK.
This is the main window of VMware Workstation Pro 14.
If you want to see more information, then go to Help and then click on About VMware Workstation.
You should see some more information about it.
As you can see, I can create Virtual Machines now.
That’s how you install VMware Workstation Pro 14 on Arch Linux. Thanks for reading this article.

lowercased:
vmware workstation is one of the best virtualization tool. it is a little bit more complicated to install on arch linux than any other linux distribution like ubuntu/debian. in this article, i will show you how to install and configure vmware workstation pro 14 on arch linux. let’s get started.
the pacman package repository cache should be updated.
the vmware-workstation aur git repository should be cloned.
vmware workstation text based installer depends on ncurses5-compat-libs. so you will have to install that from aur as well as it is not available in the official package repository of arch linux.
the ncurses5-compat-libs aur git repository should be cloned.
now if you list the contents of the ~/downloads directory, there should be 2 directories as you can see in the screenshot below.
first you have to install ncurses5-compat-libs package as vmware-workstation depends on it.
note: i tried the makepkg -s command for ncurses5-compat-libs but it throws the following errors.
i tried to add the gpg keys, but for some reason it did not work for me as you can see in the screenshot below. i skipped gpg check in the end. it may work for you, so feel free to try.
$ gpg --keyserver "http://pgp.mit.edu/" --recv-keys "702353e0f7e48edb"
the pacman package build process for ncurses5-compat-libs.
ncurses5-compat-libs pacman package should be created at this point.
now press y and then press <enter>.
the pacman package is being created.
it is created at this point.
vmware-workstation should be installed. you may see an error as marked in the screenshot below. don’t fear, it is easy to solve. it means you have to perform a kernel update and install the kernel headers.
as you can see in the marked section of the screenshot below, the dkms kernel modules of vmware workstation is being installed.
the kernel should be updated and the kernel headers along with vmware dkms modules should be installed.
vmware-networks should be added to the system startup.
vmware-usbarbitrator should be added to the system startup.
vmware-hostd should be added to the system startup.
now go to the application menu and search for vmware workstation. once you find it, click on the vmware workstation icon as shown in the screenshot below.
you should see the following window. enter you license key for vmware workstation 14 and click on ok. if you want to try it out, click on i want to try vmware workstation 14 for 30 days. and click on ok.
now enter your root password and click on ok.
you should see the following window. click on ok.
this is the main window of vmware workstation pro 14.
if you want to see more information, then go to help and then click on about vmware workstation.
you should see some more information about it.
as you can see, i can create virtual machines now.
that’s how you install vmware workstation pro 14 on arch linux. thanks for reading this article.


text:
The report,?expected to serve as a 'rescue plan for humanity',? will?show 1.5°C is the new 2°C in terms of impacts and provide detailed signposts for policymakers on pathways to limit warming to 1.5°C? ?
04 October, Incheon: Civil society representatives at a press conference here by Climate Action Network highlighted the significance of the discussions underway in South Korea on the most definitive scientific assessment on climate change by the IPCC on the 1.5°C temperature limit as enshrined in the Paris Agreement.
The report will provide detailed signposts that can guide policymakers on pathways to limit global warming to 1.5°C. The summary for policymakers, currently under negotiations, is expected to be approved on 8 October and will summarise the nearly 1000-page report.
This report comes at a time when the world is witnessing extreme weather events that are causing wide-scale destruction with alarming consequences even at 1°C warming. Every half a degree matters and the current collective climate commitments, which put us on a 3°C warming pathway, are nowhere near scaling down to a safe zone of 1.5°C.?
The 1.5°C goal is a lifeline for those on the frontlines of impacts and is critical for the protection of fragile ecosystems many of which will be irreversibly lost even at 2°C warming.
?“We must remember Parties requested this report in 2015 and they must own it. This IPCC report is set to outline a rescue plan for humanity. It will shine a light on what needs to happen and what we’ll suffer if we fail to act quickly enough.?Those leaders who stand up, listen to the science and take action will be remembered as the moral authorities of their time. Given the evidence from science, countries must raise their national climate targets in line with a 1.5C pathway."
She added she was hopeful and inspired by people taking action locally and climate justice groups such as in the Philippines demanding more from their governments.
"New science shows that in many ways 1.5°C is the new 2°C in terms of impacts we are seeing and what we can expect. Delivering on the 1.5°C will require massive transformations in our societies which will only get harder and riskier the longer we wait and? if we fail to increase climate ambition in the near term."
"The IPCC report will provide clarity to governments and the most important underlying message is that to reach the 1.5°C temperature limit we need rapid and deep decarbonisation by 2050 but preferably by 2040 across sectors and specifically in our energy and land use systems. The difference between?1.5°C being feasible or not feasible is in many ways down to mpolitical will."
While the speakers could not comment on the content of the draft report under discussions and the political dynamics at play in the negotiations, they all reiterated that politics cannot come in the way of science and every half a degree matters in this race against time with climate change.??

lowercased:
the report,?expected to serve as a 'rescue plan for humanity',? will?show 1.5°c is the new 2°c in terms of impacts and provide detailed signposts for policymakers on pathways to limit warming to 1.5°c? ?
04 october, incheon: civil society representatives at a press conference here by climate action network highlighted the significance of the discussions underway in south korea on the most definitive scientific assessment on climate change by the ipcc on the 1.5°c temperature limit as enshrined in the paris agreement.
the report will provide detailed signposts that can guide policymakers on pathways to limit global warming to 1.5°c. the summary for policymakers, currently under negotiations, is expected to be approved on 8 october and will summarise the nearly 1000-page report.
this report comes at a time when the world is witnessing extreme weather events that are causing wide-scale destruction with alarming consequences even at 1°c warming. every half a degree matters and the current collective climate commitments, which put us on a 3°c warming pathway, are nowhere near scaling down to a safe zone of 1.5°c.?
the 1.5°c goal is a lifeline for those on the frontlines of impacts and is critical for the protection of fragile ecosystems many of which will be irreversibly lost even at 2°c warming.
?“we must remember parties requested this report in 2015 and they must own it. this ipcc report is set to outline a rescue plan for humanity. it will shine a light on what needs to happen and what we’ll suffer if we fail to act quickly enough.?those leaders who stand up, listen to the science and take action will be remembered as the moral authorities of their time. given the evidence from science, countries must raise their national climate targets in line with a 1.5c pathway."
she added she was hopeful and inspired by people taking action locally and climate justice groups such as in the philippines demanding more from their governments.
"new science shows that in many ways 1.5°c is the new 2°c in terms of impacts we are seeing and what we can expect. delivering on the 1.5°c will require massive transformations in our societies which will only get harder and riskier the longer we wait and? if we fail to increase climate ambition in the near term."
"the ipcc report will provide clarity to governments and the most important underlying message is that to reach the 1.5°c temperature limit we need rapid and deep decarbonisation by 2050 but preferably by 2040 across sectors and specifically in our energy and land use systems. the difference between?1.5°c being feasible or not feasible is in many ways down to mpolitical will."
while the speakers could not comment on the content of the draft report under discussions and the political dynamics at play in the negotiations, they all reiterated that politics cannot come in the way of science and every half a degree matters in this race against time with climate change.??