text:
Full Service Home Heating and Oil Provider. L and Son’s provides quick delivery and service to homes in the New York and Westchester areas.
We have an array of Air Conditioning and AC Tune Up Services. You can rely on us to provide efficient and state of the art diagnostic systems for your air/cooling systems.
If you have questions about your Boiler or HVAC installations, give us a call at L&Son Heating and AC Tech. We will look at either Boiler or HVAC systems so you can sleep easy.
We have financing options to assist you with any services you need performed for your home. We have tailored programs to help homeowners get their work started and completed.
If you need assistance with your Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, don’t waste time and call L&Son. We will evaluate your equipment and repair your appliance quickly.
We provide top notch plumbing services to help your home or business operate with no issues. We provide an array of services to keep your pipes clean and running efficiently.
We Provide the Best Heating Fuel Oil at the lowest competitive price. We also provide 24 hour Heating and Cooling Services in the New York and Westchester Areas.
If you desire to be treated like family and not a dollar sign, call L&Son Heat and AC Tech.
OUR CLIENTS ARE VERY HAPPY WITH OUR WORK. SEE WHAT THEY’RE SAYING ABOUT US.
Copyright 2019 © All Rights Reserved L & Son Heating AC Tech.

lowercased:
full service home heating and oil provider. l and son’s provides quick delivery and service to homes in the new york and westchester areas.
we have an array of air conditioning and ac tune up services. you can rely on us to provide efficient and state of the art diagnostic systems for your air/cooling systems.
if you have questions about your boiler or hvac installations, give us a call at l&son heating and ac tech. we will look at either boiler or hvac systems so you can sleep easy.
we have financing options to assist you with any services you need performed for your home. we have tailored programs to help homeowners get their work started and completed.
if you need assistance with your commercial refrigeration equipment, don’t waste time and call l&son. we will evaluate your equipment and repair your appliance quickly.
we provide top notch plumbing services to help your home or business operate with no issues. we provide an array of services to keep your pipes clean and running efficiently.
we provide the best heating fuel oil at the lowest competitive price. we also provide 24 hour heating and cooling services in the new york and westchester areas.
if you desire to be treated like family and not a dollar sign, call l&son heat and ac tech.
our clients are very happy with our work. see what they’re saying about us.
copyright 2019 © all rights reserved l & son heating ac tech.


text:
Peter Brett's Blog: From the ridiculous to the... even more ridiculous?
From the ridiculous to the... even more ridiculous?
I've been following the progress of In Re Bilski before the US Supreme Court, because it's got the potential to set the rules for business method (and thus software) patents for the next few years.
JUSTICE KENNEDY: But it would be different, it seems to me, than what you are -- let's assume you can't patent an alphabet. I assume that is true. And you can take an alphabet to make beautiful words, and -- and so forth. You -- you want to say that these -- these electronic signals can be used in a way just like the alphabet can be used. And many of the scientific briefs say that their process is different, that they are taking electronic signals and turning them into some other sort of signal. But that's not what you are doing.
MR. JAKES: That may be, but those signals could also be transmitted. On -- on your question about the alphabet you said look at the Morse claim 5, which was an alphabet to Morse Code. That's exactly what it was.
CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: So you reject -- you reject the substitute. You think you can patent an alphabet because it is a process of forming words.
MR. JAKES: It could be, yes.
In what world does this seem like a sane and reasonable way for patentability rules to evolve?
ACTA: what lurks in the shadows?

lowercased:
peter brett's blog: from the ridiculous to the... even more ridiculous?
from the ridiculous to the... even more ridiculous?
i've been following the progress of in re bilski before the us supreme court, because it's got the potential to set the rules for business method (and thus software) patents for the next few years.
justice kennedy: but it would be different, it seems to me, than what you are -- let's assume you can't patent an alphabet. i assume that is true. and you can take an alphabet to make beautiful words, and -- and so forth. you -- you want to say that these -- these electronic signals can be used in a way just like the alphabet can be used. and many of the scientific briefs say that their process is different, that they are taking electronic signals and turning them into some other sort of signal. but that's not what you are doing.
mr. jakes: that may be, but those signals could also be transmitted. on -- on your question about the alphabet you said look at the morse claim 5, which was an alphabet to morse code. that's exactly what it was.
chief justice roberts: so you reject -- you reject the substitute. you think you can patent an alphabet because it is a process of forming words.
mr. jakes: it could be, yes.
in what world does this seem like a sane and reasonable way for patentability rules to evolve?
acta: what lurks in the shadows?


text:
In-vivo images including three-dimensional or surface orientation information may be captured and viewed An in-vivo site is illuminated by a plurality of sources, and the resulting reflected images may be used to provide three-dimensional or surface orientation information on the in-vivo site. The system may include a swallowable capsule.
In one embodiment, a method for presenting images includes: accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information; and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images. The in-vivo imager may be contained in a capsule. For each image the surface orientation information may be recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
FIG. 6 depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference is made to FIG. 1, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the in-vivo image capture device is a capsule  1 which comprises a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), for illuminating the body lumen, and an imager 14, such as a CMOS imager, for obtaining images of an in-vivo site 100. In an embodiment where the image capture device is a capsule 1 which moves through the GI tract, the view of the in-vivo site 100 captured changes with the movement of the image capture device. Preferably, periodically, a representation of a view of the site 100 is captured including stereoscopic, three-dimensional, surface orientation or image depth information. The illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are preferably positioned behind an optical window 8. An optical system, including, for example, lenses or mirrors (not shown), or including optical window 8, may aid in focusing reflected electromagnetic energy onto the imager. A control unit 5 is connected to each of the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and to imager 14, to synchronize the preferably non-overlapping periodic illumination of the in-vivo site by each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ with the capturing of images by imager 14. The capsule preferably includes a power source 16, such as a battery, which provides power to elements of the capsule 1, and a transmitter and antenna 18 for transmitting images obtained by imager 14 and possibly other information to a receiving device (FIG. 2) via a wireless link. The control unit 5 may be any sort of device or controller enabling the control of components. For example, a microchip, a microcontroller, or a device acting on remote commands may be used.
While in an exemplary embodiment, the illumination produced by the illumination sources  12 and 12′ is substantially white light, in alternate embodiments different illumination may be produced. For example, infra-red, red, blue or green light may be produced. Furthermore, while in one embodiment illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce the same spectrum of illumination, in alternate embodiments each may produce different spectra. Each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be, for example, individual sources, such as lamps or LEDs, may be sets of sources, such as certain LEDs in a ring of LEDs, or may be overlapping sets of sources.
Preferably, the capsule  1 is swallowed by a patient and traverses the patient's GI tract. Preferably, the capsule 1 is a swallowable capsule capturing images, but may be another sort of device and may collect information in addition to image information. For example, system and method according to an embodiment of the present invention may employ a device implanted within a patient's abdomen. Furthermore, in an embodiment including a capsule different configurations of components and systems may be included the capsule. For example, the control unit may be incorporated in the transmitter, and an imager other than a CMOS imager may be used.
In an exemplary embodiment, while the capsule  1 traverses a patient's GI tract, the capsule 1 transmits image and possibly other data to components located outside the patient's body which receive and process the data. Preferably, two images using different illumination sources are captured 20 milliseconds apart, stored in the capsule 1, and transmitted as one burst of information; one second later another two images are captured. Other time differentials may be used. The two images may be transmitted as two separate images or, alternately, processed and interlaced or combined into one image before transmission. The images may be combined by interleaving by bit or by pixel before transmission, or otherwise interleaved or combined. Alternately, the images may be multiplexed through known methods. In alternate embodiments, other rates of imaging and other timing schemes may be used. Since the capsule 1 moves through the GI tract (with possibly stationary periods), typically each image frame is different; thus successive images of the in-vivo site 100 differ.
Reference is made to FIG. 2, which depicts a schematic diagram of an in-vivo imaging system according to one embodiment of the present invention. Located outside the patient's body in one or more locations are an image receiver  20, for receiving image information from an image capture device, an image receiver storage unit 22, for storing image data at the image receiver 20, a data processor 24 for processing image data, a data processor storage unit 26, for storing image data used by the data processor 24, and an image monitor 28, for displaying, inter alia, the images transmitted by the capsule 1 and recorded by the image receiver 20. The image receiver 20 preferably includes an antenna or antenna array 15. Preferably, the image receiver 20 and image receiver storage unit 22 are small and portable, and are worn on the patient's body during recording of the images. Preferably, the data processor 24, data processor storage unit 26 and monitor 28 are part of a personal computer or workstation which includes standard components such as processor 24, a memory, a disk drive, and input-output devices, although alternate configurations are possible. Other systems for capturing, processing and recording image and other data from the in-vivo image capture device according to embodiments of the invention may be used. For example, an in-vivo image capture device may be attached by a wire to a recording device.
Preferably, for each view or site, information is gathered which includes a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective. Referring to FIG. 1, in-vivo site  100 includes irregularities 110 and may include pathologies, such as polyp 120. Irregularities 110 and polyp 120 have three-dimensional characteristics. During operation, electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12, such as visible light rays, illuminates the in-vivo site 100 during a first period at a first angle. The imager 14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in-vivo site during the period of illumination by illumination source 12. Preferably, the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are under the control of control unit 5. The image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in-vivo site 100 as illuminated from the first angle, including shadows. The image captured by imager 14 is transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to the receiver 20. Electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12′ illuminates the in-vivo site 100 during a second period, preferably not overlapping with the first period, at a second angle. Since the illumination sources 12′ and 12 are preferably spaced from one another and separated by a certain distance the first angle is different from the second angle and the orientation of the illumination beams differs. In an exemplary embodiment, the illumination sources are 1.5 to 3 millimeters apart, in another embodiment the illumination sources are approximately 1 centimeter apart; in alternate embodiments other distances may be used. In general, the greater the distance, the more three dimensional or surface orientation information captured. When used herein, that the illumination sources are spaced from one another indicates that the sources of the illumination at the point the illumination is projected from the device are spaced from one another.
The imager  14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in-vivo site during the second period of illumination. The image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in-vivo site 100 as illuminated from the second angle, including shadows. In one embodiment, the illumination of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is sequential, and occurs with a brief separation of time, in order that the view captured by imager 14 does not change significantly in between the capture of the two images. Preferably, there is a separation of approximately 10 to 20 milliseconds between the capture of the two images. In alternate embodiments, the illumination periods of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may overlap.
Data representing the images captured by imager  14 are transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to image receiver 20 using, for example, electromagnetic radio waves. For each view of an in-vivo site a set of images (where the set may include only one image) are captured and transmitted. In one embodiment the set of images includes multiple images, each based on illumination from one of multiple illumination sources, are captured and transmitted. In other embodiments, the set of images may include only one image. In one embodiment, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ are individual electromagnetic radiation sources; in further embodiments, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may include multiple electromagnetic radiation sources; for example, multiple lamps. For example, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may comprise half of a ring of illumination sources. In further embodiments, more than two illumination sources may be used, and in addition more than two views per in-vivo site may be generated. In certain embodiments, illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be positions close together, but may project electromagnetic energy in different angles. In alternate embodiments other devices for illumination may be used; for example, other types of lamps, fiber optic cables, or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination.
Image receiver  20 transfers the image data to image receiver storage unit 22. After a certain period of time of data collection, the image data stored in storage unit 22 is sent to data processor 24 or data processor storage unit 26. For example, the image receiver storage unit 22 may be taken off the patient's body and connected, via a standard data link, e.g. a serial or parallel interface of known construction, to the personal computer or workstation which includes the data processor 24 and data processor storage unit 26. The image data is then transferred from the image receiver storage unit 22 to the data processor storage unit 26. Data processor 24 analyzes the data and provides the analyzed data to the image monitor 28, where a health professional views, for example, the image data and possibly other information. In alternate embodiments, the image data need not be stored, but may be transferred directly to a data processor, or may be displayed immediately.
The image data collected and stored may be stored indefinitely, transferred to other locations, or manipulated or analyzed. A health professional may use the images to diagnose pathological conditions of the GI tract, and, in addition, the system may provide information about the location of these pathologies. While, using a system where the data processor storage unit  26 first collects data and then transfers data to the data processor 24, the image data is not viewed in real time, other configurations allow for real time viewing. The image monitor 28 presents the image data, preferably in the form of still and moving pictures, and in addition may present other information. In an exemplary embodiment, the various categories of information are displayed in windows. Multiple monitors may be used to display image and other data.
Preferably, the image data recorded and transmitted by the capsule  40 is digital color image data, although in alternate embodiments other image formats may be used. In an exemplary embodiment, each frame of image data includes 256 rows of 256 pixels each, each pixel including data for color and brightness, according to known methods. For example, in each pixel, color may be represented by a mosaic of four sub-pixels, each sub-pixel corresponding to primaries such as red, green, or blue (where one primary is represented twice). The brightness of the overall pixel is recorded by a one byte (i.e., 0-255) brightness value. Preferably, images are stored sequentially in data processor storage unit 26. The stored data is comprised of one or more pixel properties, including color and brightness.
In alternate embodiments, the data processor  24 or another data processing unit may process the image data to create from each image pair a two-dimensional or stereoscopic image portraying the three-dimensional and surface orientation information. The data processor may, for example, subtract aspects one image from another image to highlight differences between the images; other types of processing may be performed. The user may view the resulting images as two-dimensional images, or may view the images as stereoscopic or three-dimensional images. For example, known methods may be used, such as switched glasses, polarized glasses, or colored glasses, or any other suitable manner of delivering distinct images to the left eye and right eye of a viewer. Using switched glasses, a data processor controls which lens is opaque and which is clear at different times, allowing image data from one screen to be sent to different eyes. Using polarized or colored glasses, different image data may be sent to each eye.
In some embodiments, data processor  24 may process the image using, for example, known shape from shadow methods such as that described in 3-D Stereo Using Photeinetic Ratios, Lawrence B. Wolff and Elli Angelopoulou, SPIE Vol. 2065 pp. 194-209. In such embodiments, data processor 24 compares the shadows depicted in each image pair to generate data surface orientation of the in-vivo site 100. The data processor 24 may process the images according to other methods.
Referring to FIG. 3, in step  300, an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a first perspective. Preferably, the imaging device is a swallowable capsule; in alternate embodiments other imaging devices, such as endoscopes, may be used.
In step  310, an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the first perspective.
In step  320, an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a second perspective. Preferably, the illumination from the first and second perspective is provided by two illumination devices separated spatially. In alternate embodiments other methods of illumination may be used; for example, fiber optic cables, illumination devices which are co-located but which project illumination at different angles, or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination.
In step  330, an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the second perspective. In alternate embodiments more than two images may be captured for each site.
In step  340, the images are transferred from the image capture device. Preferably the images are transmitted after each set corresponding to a view of an in-vivo site are captured. In alternate embodiments, each image may be transferred after each is captured, or in other manners.
In step  350, the image data may be viewed by a user in a manner allowing the user to see the three-dimensional and surface orientation aspects of the in-vivo site.
Reference is made to FIG. 4, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The capsule  1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in FIG. 1, and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, an imager 14, and an optical window 8. The capsule includes a control unit 5, a power source 16, and a transmitter and antenna 18. Each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. The imager 14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to the designated bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum generated by the each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′. Each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive. Each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously. Each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments, each segment including information from either illumination source 12 or illumination source 12′. One image containing three dimensional or surface orientation information is transmitted per view, rather than multiple images. In alternate embodiments other types of filters may be used, and the mosaic filter shown may be of a different configuration. For example, a mosaic filter with different colors or a different pattern may be used.
For example, illumination source  12 may emit red light and illumination source 12′ may emit green light. In such an embodiment, the filter 22 on the imager 14 is sensitive in alternating segments to red and green light. The segments on the mosaic filter that are sensitive to red will permit red light emitted by the red illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in-vivo site 100 to reach the imager. Likewise, the segments on the imager's mosaic filter that are sensitive to green will permit green light emitted by the green illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in-vivo site 100 to reach the imager.
The images obtained by the imager during the respective periods of illumination may be processed (for example, by data processor  24) and displayed to the user in various manners. For example, the user may view three-dimensional images using red-green glasses. In alternate embodiments, the multiple perspective image data in the image may be used to create three-dimensional images or two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional images, such as those as described above.
In further embodiments, information on surface orientation or three-dimensional aspects may be presented to the user in other manners, for example in textual form or in graph form. For example, a graph may be created which presents the user with a depiction of the depth (positive or negative, relative to the surface of the in-vivo site  100) at various points. Such indication may be numerical, for example, a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion at various points, or color, with each of various colors depicting indentation or protrusion. In alternate embodiments, a view of the in-vivo site 100 may be depicted, labeled at various points with depth data (e.g., numbers on a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion data). Further embodiments may describe the orientation of a view or various sections of a view as categories such as, for example, concave, convex, smooth or rough according to pre-defined criteria. Such data may be generated from, for example, known shape from shadow algorithms.
Reference is made to FIG. 5, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The capsule  1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in FIG. 1, and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, an imager 14, and an optical window 8. The capsule includes a control unit 5, a power source 16, and a transmitter and antenna 18. Preferably, each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of the same wavelength. Capsule 1 includes additional source 13, providing marker illumination from a position and angle substantially similar to that of illumination source 12; in effect additional source 13 adds marker illumination to illumination source 12. Rays 200 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12, rays 210 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12′, and rays 220 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by source 13. Preferably, rays 220 are projected onto the in-vivo site 100 at substantially the same angle and from substantially the same position as rays 200. In one embodiment, illumination sources 12, 12′ and 13 are operated simultaneously and one image is captured and transmitted. The image may be separated into different views, providing three dimensional and surface orientation information.
The imager  14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to different bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Certain segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by source 13. Other segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by illumination sources 12 and 12′. In certain embodiments segments may filter the illumination generated by sources 12 and 12′ into different spectral bands, such as the red, green and blue spectra; in other embodiments segments may allow substantially the entire spectrum generated by sources 12 and 12′ to pass. Each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive. Preferably, each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously. Each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments, each segment including information from either illumination source 12 and source 12′ (or a portion thereof) or source 13. In one embodiment, source 13 produces electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency which is used to mark a perspective, such as infra-red radiation, and illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce other illumination, such as visible light. In alternate embodiments, the illumination sources may produce different spectra, and thus a separate marker source may not be needed. The marker illumination may include spectra other than infra-red radiation, for example UV radiation.
Reference is made to FIG. 6, which depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the filter  22 includes a repetitive pattern of sections, each section including a plurality of cells. Each cell allows a certain spectrum of electromagnetic radiation to pass to the imager 14. For example, cells 230 allow red light to pass, cells 240 allow blue light to pass, cells 250 allow green light to pass, and cells 260 allow infra-red radiation to pass. Preferably, the filter 22 includes many sections and cells; in one embodiment one section is included for each pixel recorded by the imager 14.
After capture, the images obtained may be displayed to the user in various manners, for example using the methods described above. In one embodiment, electromagnetic energy from one section, including all cells of the section, is recorded by each pixel of the imager  14. During the processing of the image, the known frequency of the source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired. For example, the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for that pixel which is produced by illumination source 12.
In a further embodiment, electromagnetic energy from each cell is recorded by one pixel of the imager  14. During the processing of the image, the known frequency of the illumination source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired. For example, the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for certain associated pixels gathering light in the frequency of the source (e.g., source 12) associated with source 13.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
2. The system according to claim 1 wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces an illumination level which differs from the illumination level produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter for transmitting image data.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a battery.
7. The system of claim 1 comprising a controller configured to control the illumination sources in a selective manner.
8. The system of claim 1 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data.
9. The system of claim 8 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three-dimensional and surface orientation information.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources is capable of producing a different spectrum.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the UV spectrum.
13. The system of claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter.
14. The system according to claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a mosaic filter.
15. The system of claim 10 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data.
16. The system of claim 15 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three-dimensional and surface orientation information.
capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule, at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources.
18. The method of claim 17 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link.
19. The method of claim 17 comprising passing light through a segmented filter.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of illuminating an in vivo site comprises illuminating in at least two different illumination levels.
capturing a set of images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule.
22. The method of claim 21 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the UV spectrum.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light.
when capturing a first image using a first of the illumination sources, providing illumination from a third illumination source, wherein the illumination from the third illumination source differs in its spectral content from that of a second of the illumination sources.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein the plurality of illumination sources are spaced from one another and selectively operable, such that the combination of the plurality of reflected images produced by illumination from the plurality of illumination sources provides information on the three-dimensional aspects of the in-vivo site.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the spectrum of illumination produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources.
30. The system of claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum.
31. The system of claim 27 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter.
32. The system of claim 27, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
33. The system of claim 27, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light illumination.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the illumination produced by at least a second one of the plurality of illumination sources.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each illumination source provides light from a different angle, each illumination source being selectively operable.
36. The system of claim 35, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
a processor accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
38. The system of claim 37, wherein the in-vivo imager is contained in a capsule.
39. The system of claim 38, wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
a processor means accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive stereoscopic information.
outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein the in-vivo imager is contained in a capsule.
43. The method of claim 41, wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period; wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles.
a controller means for operating the illumination sources so that the imager captures three dimensional information.
a plurality of illumination sources, at least two of the illumination sources producing light of a different spectrum, at least one illumination source producing UV light.
capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule, at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources, the imager including a segmented filter.
a processor capable of accepting a series of sets of images from an in-vivo imager, each set including of images taken using different lighting, and capable of outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
a processor means for accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and for outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.

lowercased:
in-vivo images including three-dimensional or surface orientation information may be captured and viewed an in-vivo site is illuminated by a plurality of sources, and the resulting reflected images may be used to provide three-dimensional or surface orientation information on the in-vivo site. the system may include a swallowable capsule.
in one embodiment, a method for presenting images includes: accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information; and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images. the in-vivo imager may be contained in a capsule. for each image the surface orientation information may be recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
fig. 6 depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention.
reference is made to fig. 1, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. in an exemplary embodiment, the in-vivo image capture device is a capsule  1 which comprises a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, such as light emitting diodes (leds), for illuminating the body lumen, and an imager 14, such as a cmos imager, for obtaining images of an in-vivo site 100. in an embodiment where the image capture device is a capsule 1 which moves through the gi tract, the view of the in-vivo site 100 captured changes with the movement of the image capture device. preferably, periodically, a representation of a view of the site 100 is captured including stereoscopic, three-dimensional, surface orientation or image depth information. the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are preferably positioned behind an optical window 8. an optical system, including, for example, lenses or mirrors (not shown), or including optical window 8, may aid in focusing reflected electromagnetic energy onto the imager. a control unit 5 is connected to each of the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and to imager 14, to synchronize the preferably non-overlapping periodic illumination of the in-vivo site by each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ with the capturing of images by imager 14. the capsule preferably includes a power source 16, such as a battery, which provides power to elements of the capsule 1, and a transmitter and antenna 18 for transmitting images obtained by imager 14 and possibly other information to a receiving device (fig. 2) via a wireless link. the control unit 5 may be any sort of device or controller enabling the control of components. for example, a microchip, a microcontroller, or a device acting on remote commands may be used.
while in an exemplary embodiment, the illumination produced by the illumination sources  12 and 12′ is substantially white light, in alternate embodiments different illumination may be produced. for example, infra-red, red, blue or green light may be produced. furthermore, while in one embodiment illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce the same spectrum of illumination, in alternate embodiments each may produce different spectra. each of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be, for example, individual sources, such as lamps or leds, may be sets of sources, such as certain leds in a ring of leds, or may be overlapping sets of sources.
preferably, the capsule  1 is swallowed by a patient and traverses the patient's gi tract. preferably, the capsule 1 is a swallowable capsule capturing images, but may be another sort of device and may collect information in addition to image information. for example, system and method according to an embodiment of the present invention may employ a device implanted within a patient's abdomen. furthermore, in an embodiment including a capsule different configurations of components and systems may be included the capsule. for example, the control unit may be incorporated in the transmitter, and an imager other than a cmos imager may be used.
in an exemplary embodiment, while the capsule  1 traverses a patient's gi tract, the capsule 1 transmits image and possibly other data to components located outside the patient's body which receive and process the data. preferably, two images using different illumination sources are captured 20 milliseconds apart, stored in the capsule 1, and transmitted as one burst of information; one second later another two images are captured. other time differentials may be used. the two images may be transmitted as two separate images or, alternately, processed and interlaced or combined into one image before transmission. the images may be combined by interleaving by bit or by pixel before transmission, or otherwise interleaved or combined. alternately, the images may be multiplexed through known methods. in alternate embodiments, other rates of imaging and other timing schemes may be used. since the capsule 1 moves through the gi tract (with possibly stationary periods), typically each image frame is different; thus successive images of the in-vivo site 100 differ.
reference is made to fig. 2, which depicts a schematic diagram of an in-vivo imaging system according to one embodiment of the present invention. located outside the patient's body in one or more locations are an image receiver  20, for receiving image information from an image capture device, an image receiver storage unit 22, for storing image data at the image receiver 20, a data processor 24 for processing image data, a data processor storage unit 26, for storing image data used by the data processor 24, and an image monitor 28, for displaying, inter alia, the images transmitted by the capsule 1 and recorded by the image receiver 20. the image receiver 20 preferably includes an antenna or antenna array 15. preferably, the image receiver 20 and image receiver storage unit 22 are small and portable, and are worn on the patient's body during recording of the images. preferably, the data processor 24, data processor storage unit 26 and monitor 28 are part of a personal computer or workstation which includes standard components such as processor 24, a memory, a disk drive, and input-output devices, although alternate configurations are possible. other systems for capturing, processing and recording image and other data from the in-vivo image capture device according to embodiments of the invention may be used. for example, an in-vivo image capture device may be attached by a wire to a recording device.
preferably, for each view or site, information is gathered which includes a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective. referring to fig. 1, in-vivo site  100 includes irregularities 110 and may include pathologies, such as polyp 120. irregularities 110 and polyp 120 have three-dimensional characteristics. during operation, electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12, such as visible light rays, illuminates the in-vivo site 100 during a first period at a first angle. the imager 14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in-vivo site during the period of illumination by illumination source 12. preferably, the illumination sources 12 and 12′ and the imager 14 are under the control of control unit 5. the image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in-vivo site 100 as illuminated from the first angle, including shadows. the image captured by imager 14 is transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to the receiver 20. electromagnetic radiation from the illumination source 12′ illuminates the in-vivo site 100 during a second period, preferably not overlapping with the first period, at a second angle. since the illumination sources 12′ and 12 are preferably spaced from one another and separated by a certain distance the first angle is different from the second angle and the orientation of the illumination beams differs. in an exemplary embodiment, the illumination sources are 1.5 to 3 millimeters apart, in another embodiment the illumination sources are approximately 1 centimeter apart; in alternate embodiments other distances may be used. in general, the greater the distance, the more three dimensional or surface orientation information captured. when used herein, that the illumination sources are spaced from one another indicates that the sources of the illumination at the point the illumination is projected from the device are spaced from one another.
the imager  14 is synchronized to obtain an image of the in-vivo site during the second period of illumination. the image obtained by imager 14 depicts the in-vivo site 100 as illuminated from the second angle, including shadows. in one embodiment, the illumination of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is sequential, and occurs with a brief separation of time, in order that the view captured by imager 14 does not change significantly in between the capture of the two images. preferably, there is a separation of approximately 10 to 20 milliseconds between the capture of the two images. in alternate embodiments, the illumination periods of illumination sources 12 and 12′ may overlap.
data representing the images captured by imager  14 are transmitted by way of the transmitter and antenna 18 to image receiver 20 using, for example, electromagnetic radio waves. for each view of an in-vivo site a set of images (where the set may include only one image) are captured and transmitted. in one embodiment the set of images includes multiple images, each based on illumination from one of multiple illumination sources, are captured and transmitted. in other embodiments, the set of images may include only one image. in one embodiment, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ are individual electromagnetic radiation sources; in further embodiments, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may include multiple electromagnetic radiation sources; for example, multiple lamps. for example, each of illumination source 12 and 12′ may comprise half of a ring of illumination sources. in further embodiments, more than two illumination sources may be used, and in addition more than two views per in-vivo site may be generated. in certain embodiments, illumination sources 12 and 12′ may be positions close together, but may project electromagnetic energy in different angles. in alternate embodiments other devices for illumination may be used; for example, other types of lamps, fiber optic cables, or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination.
image receiver  20 transfers the image data to image receiver storage unit 22. after a certain period of time of data collection, the image data stored in storage unit 22 is sent to data processor 24 or data processor storage unit 26. for example, the image receiver storage unit 22 may be taken off the patient's body and connected, via a standard data link, e.g. a serial or parallel interface of known construction, to the personal computer or workstation which includes the data processor 24 and data processor storage unit 26. the image data is then transferred from the image receiver storage unit 22 to the data processor storage unit 26. data processor 24 analyzes the data and provides the analyzed data to the image monitor 28, where a health professional views, for example, the image data and possibly other information. in alternate embodiments, the image data need not be stored, but may be transferred directly to a data processor, or may be displayed immediately.
the image data collected and stored may be stored indefinitely, transferred to other locations, or manipulated or analyzed. a health professional may use the images to diagnose pathological conditions of the gi tract, and, in addition, the system may provide information about the location of these pathologies. while, using a system where the data processor storage unit  26 first collects data and then transfers data to the data processor 24, the image data is not viewed in real time, other configurations allow for real time viewing. the image monitor 28 presents the image data, preferably in the form of still and moving pictures, and in addition may present other information. in an exemplary embodiment, the various categories of information are displayed in windows. multiple monitors may be used to display image and other data.
preferably, the image data recorded and transmitted by the capsule  40 is digital color image data, although in alternate embodiments other image formats may be used. in an exemplary embodiment, each frame of image data includes 256 rows of 256 pixels each, each pixel including data for color and brightness, according to known methods. for example, in each pixel, color may be represented by a mosaic of four sub-pixels, each sub-pixel corresponding to primaries such as red, green, or blue (where one primary is represented twice). the brightness of the overall pixel is recorded by a one byte (i.e., 0-255) brightness value. preferably, images are stored sequentially in data processor storage unit 26. the stored data is comprised of one or more pixel properties, including color and brightness.
in alternate embodiments, the data processor  24 or another data processing unit may process the image data to create from each image pair a two-dimensional or stereoscopic image portraying the three-dimensional and surface orientation information. the data processor may, for example, subtract aspects one image from another image to highlight differences between the images; other types of processing may be performed. the user may view the resulting images as two-dimensional images, or may view the images as stereoscopic or three-dimensional images. for example, known methods may be used, such as switched glasses, polarized glasses, or colored glasses, or any other suitable manner of delivering distinct images to the left eye and right eye of a viewer. using switched glasses, a data processor controls which lens is opaque and which is clear at different times, allowing image data from one screen to be sent to different eyes. using polarized or colored glasses, different image data may be sent to each eye.
in some embodiments, data processor  24 may process the image using, for example, known shape from shadow methods such as that described in 3-d stereo using photeinetic ratios, lawrence b. wolff and elli angelopoulou, spie vol. 2065 pp. 194-209. in such embodiments, data processor 24 compares the shadows depicted in each image pair to generate data surface orientation of the in-vivo site 100. the data processor 24 may process the images according to other methods.
referring to fig. 3, in step  300, an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a first perspective. preferably, the imaging device is a swallowable capsule; in alternate embodiments other imaging devices, such as endoscopes, may be used.
in step  310, an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the first perspective.
in step  320, an imaging device illuminates a site to be imaged from a second perspective. preferably, the illumination from the first and second perspective is provided by two illumination devices separated spatially. in alternate embodiments other methods of illumination may be used; for example, fiber optic cables, illumination devices which are co-located but which project illumination at different angles, or individual illumination devices capable of altering the direction of illumination.
in step  330, an image is captured by the imaging device while the site is being illuminated from the second perspective. in alternate embodiments more than two images may be captured for each site.
in step  340, the images are transferred from the image capture device. preferably the images are transmitted after each set corresponding to a view of an in-vivo site are captured. in alternate embodiments, each image may be transferred after each is captured, or in other manners.
in step  350, the image data may be viewed by a user in a manner allowing the user to see the three-dimensional and surface orientation aspects of the in-vivo site.
reference is made to fig. 4, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. the capsule  1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in fig. 1, and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, an imager 14, and an optical window 8. the capsule includes a control unit 5, a power source 16, and a transmitter and antenna 18. each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. the imager 14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to the designated bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum generated by the each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′. each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive. each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously. each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments, each segment including information from either illumination source 12 or illumination source 12′. one image containing three dimensional or surface orientation information is transmitted per view, rather than multiple images. in alternate embodiments other types of filters may be used, and the mosaic filter shown may be of a different configuration. for example, a mosaic filter with different colors or a different pattern may be used.
for example, illumination source  12 may emit red light and illumination source 12′ may emit green light. in such an embodiment, the filter 22 on the imager 14 is sensitive in alternating segments to red and green light. the segments on the mosaic filter that are sensitive to red will permit red light emitted by the red illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in-vivo site 100 to reach the imager. likewise, the segments on the imager's mosaic filter that are sensitive to green will permit green light emitted by the green illumination source during its period of illumination and reflected by the in-vivo site 100 to reach the imager.
the images obtained by the imager during the respective periods of illumination may be processed (for example, by data processor  24) and displayed to the user in various manners. for example, the user may view three-dimensional images using red-green glasses. in alternate embodiments, the multiple perspective image data in the image may be used to create three-dimensional images or two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional images, such as those as described above.
in further embodiments, information on surface orientation or three-dimensional aspects may be presented to the user in other manners, for example in textual form or in graph form. for example, a graph may be created which presents the user with a depiction of the depth (positive or negative, relative to the surface of the in-vivo site  100) at various points. such indication may be numerical, for example, a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion at various points, or color, with each of various colors depicting indentation or protrusion. in alternate embodiments, a view of the in-vivo site 100 may be depicted, labeled at various points with depth data (e.g., numbers on a −10 to 10 scale depicting indentation or protrusion data). further embodiments may describe the orientation of a view or various sections of a view as categories such as, for example, concave, convex, smooth or rough according to pre-defined criteria. such data may be generated from, for example, known shape from shadow algorithms.
reference is made to fig. 5, which depicts an in-vivo image capture device according to one embodiment of the present invention. the capsule  1 functions in a similar manner to that depicted in fig. 1, and includes a plurality of illumination sources 12 and 12′, an imager 14, and an optical window 8. the capsule includes a control unit 5, a power source 16, and a transmitter and antenna 18. preferably, each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ generate electromagnetic radiation of the same wavelength. capsule 1 includes additional source 13, providing marker illumination from a position and angle substantially similar to that of illumination source 12; in effect additional source 13 adds marker illumination to illumination source 12. rays 200 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12, rays 210 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by illumination source 12′, and rays 220 represent electromagnetic radiation produced by source 13. preferably, rays 220 are projected onto the in-vivo site 100 at substantially the same angle and from substantially the same position as rays 200. in one embodiment, illumination sources 12, 12′ and 13 are operated simultaneously and one image is captured and transmitted. the image may be separated into different views, providing three dimensional and surface orientation information.
the imager  14 is fitted with a filter such as a mosaic filter 122 divided into alternating segments that are sensitive to different bandwidths of the electromagnetic spectrum. certain segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by source 13. other segments allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation generated by illumination sources 12 and 12′. in certain embodiments segments may filter the illumination generated by sources 12 and 12′ into different spectral bands, such as the red, green and blue spectra; in other embodiments segments may allow substantially the entire spectrum generated by sources 12 and 12′ to pass. each alternating segment of the mosaic filter 122 permits electromagnetic energy to reach the imager 14 only in the designated bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum for which it is sensitive. preferably, each of illumination source 12 and illumination source 12′ is operated simultaneously. each image obtained by the imager 14 is composed of a plurality of segments, each segment including information from either illumination source 12 and source 12′ (or a portion thereof) or source 13. in one embodiment, source 13 produces electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency which is used to mark a perspective, such as infra-red radiation, and illumination sources 12 and 12′ produce other illumination, such as visible light. in alternate embodiments, the illumination sources may produce different spectra, and thus a separate marker source may not be needed. the marker illumination may include spectra other than infra-red radiation, for example uv radiation.
reference is made to fig. 6, which depicts a portion of a filter used with an embodiment of the present invention. in one embodiment, the filter  22 includes a repetitive pattern of sections, each section including a plurality of cells. each cell allows a certain spectrum of electromagnetic radiation to pass to the imager 14. for example, cells 230 allow red light to pass, cells 240 allow blue light to pass, cells 250 allow green light to pass, and cells 260 allow infra-red radiation to pass. preferably, the filter 22 includes many sections and cells; in one embodiment one section is included for each pixel recorded by the imager 14.
after capture, the images obtained may be displayed to the user in various manners, for example using the methods described above. in one embodiment, electromagnetic energy from one section, including all cells of the section, is recorded by each pixel of the imager  14. during the processing of the image, the known frequency of the source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired. for example, the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for that pixel which is produced by illumination source 12.
in a further embodiment, electromagnetic energy from each cell is recorded by one pixel of the imager  14. during the processing of the image, the known frequency of the illumination source 13 is used along with the information provided by cells 260 to produce different pixel representations for each of the two views desired. for example, the intensity of the source 13 for each pixel may be used as a marker for percentage of the electromagnetic energy for certain associated pixels gathering light in the frequency of the source (e.g., source 12) associated with source 13.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
2. the system according to claim 1 wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles.
3. the system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces an illumination level which differs from the illumination level produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources.
4. the system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum.
5. the system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter for transmitting image data.
6. the system of claim 1 wherein the capsule comprises a battery.
7. the system of claim 1 comprising a controller configured to control the illumination sources in a selective manner.
8. the system of claim 1 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data.
9. the system of claim 8 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three-dimensional and surface orientation information.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources is capable of producing a different spectrum.
11. the system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
12. the system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the uv spectrum.
13. the system of claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter.
14. the system according to claim 10 wherein the capsule comprises a mosaic filter.
15. the system of claim 10 comprising a receiving unit configured to receive transmitted image data.
16. the system of claim 15 comprising a processor configured to create from an image pair a single image portraying three-dimensional and surface orientation information.
capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule, at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources.
18. the method of claim 17 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link.
19. the method of claim 17 comprising passing light through a segmented filter.
20. the method of claim 17 wherein the step of illuminating an in vivo site comprises illuminating in at least two different illumination levels.
capturing a set of images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule.
22. the method of claim 21 comprising transmitting the images via a wireless link.
23. the method of claim 21 wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
24. the method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the uv spectrum.
25. the method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light.
when capturing a first image using a first of the illumination sources, providing illumination from a third illumination source, wherein the illumination from the third illumination source differs in its spectral content from that of a second of the illumination sources.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein the plurality of illumination sources are spaced from one another and selectively operable, such that the combination of the plurality of reflected images produced by illumination from the plurality of illumination sources provides information on the three-dimensional aspects of the in-vivo site.
28. the system of claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the spectrum of illumination produced by a different one of the plurality of illumination sources.
30. the system of claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination of the same spectrum.
31. the system of claim 27 wherein the capsule comprises a transmitter.
32. the system of claim 27, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces illumination in the infra-red spectrum.
33. the system of claim 27, wherein at least one of the illumination sources produces substantially white light illumination.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein at least one of the plurality of illumination sources produces illumination in a spectrum which differs from the illumination produced by at least a second one of the plurality of illumination sources.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each illumination source provides light from a different angle, each illumination source being selectively operable.
36. the system of claim 35, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period.
a processor accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
38. the system of claim 37, wherein the in-vivo imager is contained in a capsule.
39. the system of claim 38, wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
a processor means accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive stereoscopic information.
outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
42. the method of claim 41, wherein the in-vivo imager is contained in a capsule.
43. the method of claim 41, wherein for each image the surface orientation information is recorded by at least a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image including an image of a site using a different lighting perspective.
a plurality of illumination sources, wherein each of the plurality of illumination sources are operated in a separate time period; wherein at least two of the plurality of illumination sources are configured to illuminate an in vivo site from different angles.
a controller means for operating the illumination sources so that the imager captures three dimensional information.
a plurality of illumination sources, at least two of the illumination sources producing light of a different spectrum, at least one illumination source producing uv light.
capturing a set images of the site using an imager contained within a swallowable capsule, at least two images in the set illuminated using different subsets of illumination sources, the imager including a segmented filter.
a processor capable of accepting a series of sets of images from an in-vivo imager, each set including of images taken using different lighting, and capable of outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.
a processor means for accepting a series of images from an in-vivo imager, the series of images including surface orientation information, and for outputting graphics images displaying such images to a user such that the user may perceive surface orientation aspects of the images.


text:
1 Samuel 18:17 Then Saul said to David, "Here is my oldest daughter Merab. I will give her to you in marriage. Only be valiant for me and fight the LORD's battles." But Saul was thinking, "I need not raise my hand against him; let the hand of the Philistines be against him."
Saul said to David, "Here is my older daughter Merab. I will give her to you in marriage; only serve me bravely and fight the battles of the LORD." For Saul said to himself, "I will not raise a hand against him. Let the Philistines do that!"
Then Saul said to David, "Here is my older daughter Merab; I will give her to you as a wife, only be a valiant man for me and fight the LORD'S battles." For Saul thought, "My hand shall not be against him, but let the hand of the Philistines be against him."
Saul told David, "Here is my oldest daughter Merab. I'll give her to you as a wife, if you will be a warrior for me and fight the LORD's battles." But Saul was thinking, "I don't need to raise a hand against him; let the hand of the Philistines be against him."
One day, Saul told David, "If you'll be brave and fight the LORD's battles for me, I'll let you marry my oldest daughter Merab." But Saul was really thinking, "I don't want to kill David myself, so I'll let the Philistines do it for me."
Saul told David, "Here is my oldest daughter Merab. I'll give her to you as a wife, if you will be a warrior for me and fight the LORD's battles." But Saul was thinking, "My hand doesn't need to be against him; let the hand of the Philistines be against him."
Saul told David, "Here is my older daughter Merab. I'll give her to you as a wife. Just be an excellent soldier for me and fight the LORD's battles." Now Saul told himself, "I won't harm him myself. Instead, I'll let the Philistines harm him."
Then Saul said to David, "Here's my oldest daughter, Merab. I want to give her to you in marriage. Only be a brave warrior for me and fight the battles of the LORD." For Saul thought, "There's no need for me to raise my hand against him. Let it be the hand of the Philistines!"
Saul said to David, "Look, my elder daughter Merob, I will give her to you as wife. Only be valiant for me, and fight the LORD's battles." For Saul said, "Do not let my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him."
And Saul said to David, Behold I will give thee my elder daughter Merab to wife; only be thou valiant for me, and fight the LORD's battles. For Saul said to himself, My hand shall not be against him, but the hand of the Philistines shall be against him.
And Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give you as your wife: only be you valiant for me, and fight the LORD'S battles. For Saul said, Let not my hand be upon him, but let the hand of the Philistines be upon him.
And Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give you to wife: only be you valiant for me, and fight the LORD's battles. For Saul said, Let not my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him.
And Saul said to David: Behold my elder daughter Merob, her will I give thee to wife: only be a valiant man, and fight the battles of the Lord. Now Saul said within himself: Let not my hand be upon him, but let the hands of the Philistines be upon him.
And Saul said to David, Behold my eldest daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife; only be thou valiant for me, and fight Jehovah's battles. But Saul thought, My hand shall not be upon him, but the hand of the Philistines shall be upon him.
And Saul said to David, Behold, my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife: only be thou valiant for me. and fight the LORD'S battles. For Saul said, Let not mine hand be upon him, but let the hand of the Philistines be upon him.
And Saul said to David, Behold, my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee for a wife: only be thou valiant for me, and fight the LORD'S battles. For Saul said, Let not my hand be upon him, but let the hand of the Philistines be upon him.
Saul said to David, "Behold, my elder daughter Merab, I will give her to you as wife. Only be valiant for me, and fight Yahweh's battles." For Saul said, "Don't let my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him."
Now the men of Israel had been saying, "Do you see this man who keeps coming out to defy Israel? To the man who kills him the king will give great riches. And he will give him his daughter in marriage and exempt his father's house from taxation in Israel."
And all those assembled here will know that it is not by sword or by spear that the LORD saves; for the battle is the LORD's, and He will give all of you into our hands."
"I will give her to David," Saul thought, "so that she may be a snare to him, and the hand of the Philistines may be against him." So Saul said to David, "For a second time now you can be my son-in-law."
Saul replied, "Say to David, 'The king desires no other dowry but a hundred Philistine foreskins as revenge on his enemies.'" But Saul intended to cause David's death at the hands of the Philistines.
Please forgive your servant's offense, for the LORD will surely make a lasting dynasty for my lord, because he fights the LORD's battles. May no evil be found in you as long as you live.
When David arrived in Ziklag, he sent some of the plunder to his friends, the elders of Judah, saying, "Here is a gift for you from the plunder of the LORD's enemies."
(17) Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife.--This was but the fulfilment of a much earlier promise. The king had said he would give his daughter in marriage to the hero who should slay the Philistine giant champion. For one cause or other he had declined, or at least postponed, the carrying out of his pledge; and the dark thought crossed his mind, Could he not endanger the hated life, while seeming to wish to keep the old promise? He speaks of the Philistine war as the Lord's battles. This was a feeling which inspired every patriotic Israelite. "He was," when fighting with the idolatrous nations, "warring for the Lord"--so David felt when he spoke of the Philistine giant as having defied the ranks of the living God, and alluded to the battle as the Lord's (1Samuel 17:26; 1Samuel 17:47). The same idea is expressed in the title of that most ancient collection of songs which has not been preserved to us--"Book of the Wars of the Lord" (Numbers 21:14).
Verses 17, 18. - Behold my elder daughter Merab. Saul had promised that he would give his daughter in marriage to whosoever should slay the giant (1 Samuel 17:25); and not only was there in this the honour of a close alliance with the royal house, but, as it was usual to give large presents to the father in return for the daughter's hand, the gift had also a substantial value. After long delay Saul now refers to this promise, not so much with the intention of fulfilling it, as of leading David on to enterprises which might cost him his life. The marriage may have been deferred at first on account of David's youth; the subject is now revived, but with evil intentions. My eider daughter is literally "my daughter, the great one," while Michal is "the little one," a way of speaking used only where there are but two daughters. Be thou valiant, etc. This exhortation would be natural under the circumstances; but Saul hoped that David, in order to secure so great a prize, would be encouraged to undertake rash adventures. For Saul said. I.e. in himself; his purpose was to urge David to perpetual fighting, that so in some rash undertaking he might be slam. Thus Saul s malice grows, and though not prepared as yet to put David to death himself, he would have felt relief if he had died by the fortune of war. David answers modestly and discreetly that he is not worthy of so great an honour. We are not to suppose that he discerned Saul's treachery, which only came-to light afterwards. What is my life, - i.e. my condition, - or my father's family? The or is not in the Hebrew, and the meaning is, What is my condition, even my father's family? etc. David's condition or rank in life was settled by the rank which his father held.

lowercased:
1 samuel 18:17 then saul said to david, "here is my oldest daughter merab. i will give her to you in marriage. only be valiant for me and fight the lord's battles." but saul was thinking, "i need not raise my hand against him; let the hand of the philistines be against him."
saul said to david, "here is my older daughter merab. i will give her to you in marriage; only serve me bravely and fight the battles of the lord." for saul said to himself, "i will not raise a hand against him. let the philistines do that!"
then saul said to david, "here is my older daughter merab; i will give her to you as a wife, only be a valiant man for me and fight the lord's battles." for saul thought, "my hand shall not be against him, but let the hand of the philistines be against him."
saul told david, "here is my oldest daughter merab. i'll give her to you as a wife, if you will be a warrior for me and fight the lord's battles." but saul was thinking, "i don't need to raise a hand against him; let the hand of the philistines be against him."
one day, saul told david, "if you'll be brave and fight the lord's battles for me, i'll let you marry my oldest daughter merab." but saul was really thinking, "i don't want to kill david myself, so i'll let the philistines do it for me."
saul told david, "here is my oldest daughter merab. i'll give her to you as a wife, if you will be a warrior for me and fight the lord's battles." but saul was thinking, "my hand doesn't need to be against him; let the hand of the philistines be against him."
saul told david, "here is my older daughter merab. i'll give her to you as a wife. just be an excellent soldier for me and fight the lord's battles." now saul told himself, "i won't harm him myself. instead, i'll let the philistines harm him."
then saul said to david, "here's my oldest daughter, merab. i want to give her to you in marriage. only be a brave warrior for me and fight the battles of the lord." for saul thought, "there's no need for me to raise my hand against him. let it be the hand of the philistines!"
saul said to david, "look, my elder daughter merob, i will give her to you as wife. only be valiant for me, and fight the lord's battles." for saul said, "do not let my hand be on him, but let the hand of the philistines be on him."
and saul said to david, behold i will give thee my elder daughter merab to wife; only be thou valiant for me, and fight the lord's battles. for saul said to himself, my hand shall not be against him, but the hand of the philistines shall be against him.
and saul said to david, behold my elder daughter merab, her will i give you as your wife: only be you valiant for me, and fight the lord's battles. for saul said, let not my hand be upon him, but let the hand of the philistines be upon him.
and saul said to david, behold my elder daughter merab, her will i give you to wife: only be you valiant for me, and fight the lord's battles. for saul said, let not my hand be on him, but let the hand of the philistines be on him.
and saul said to david: behold my elder daughter merob, her will i give thee to wife: only be a valiant man, and fight the battles of the lord. now saul said within himself: let not my hand be upon him, but let the hands of the philistines be upon him.
and saul said to david, behold my eldest daughter merab, her will i give thee to wife; only be thou valiant for me, and fight jehovah's battles. but saul thought, my hand shall not be upon him, but the hand of the philistines shall be upon him.
and saul said to david, behold, my elder daughter merab, her will i give thee to wife: only be thou valiant for me. and fight the lord's battles. for saul said, let not mine hand be upon him, but let the hand of the philistines be upon him.
and saul said to david, behold, my elder daughter merab, her will i give thee for a wife: only be thou valiant for me, and fight the lord's battles. for saul said, let not my hand be upon him, but let the hand of the philistines be upon him.
saul said to david, "behold, my elder daughter merab, i will give her to you as wife. only be valiant for me, and fight yahweh's battles." for saul said, "don't let my hand be on him, but let the hand of the philistines be on him."
now the men of israel had been saying, "do you see this man who keeps coming out to defy israel? to the man who kills him the king will give great riches. and he will give him his daughter in marriage and exempt his father's house from taxation in israel."
and all those assembled here will know that it is not by sword or by spear that the lord saves; for the battle is the lord's, and he will give all of you into our hands."
"i will give her to david," saul thought, "so that she may be a snare to him, and the hand of the philistines may be against him." so saul said to david, "for a second time now you can be my son-in-law."
saul replied, "say to david, 'the king desires no other dowry but a hundred philistine foreskins as revenge on his enemies.'" but saul intended to cause david's death at the hands of the philistines.
please forgive your servant's offense, for the lord will surely make a lasting dynasty for my lord, because he fights the lord's battles. may no evil be found in you as long as you live.
when david arrived in ziklag, he sent some of the plunder to his friends, the elders of judah, saying, "here is a gift for you from the plunder of the lord's enemies."
(17) behold my elder daughter merab, her will i give thee to wife.--this was but the fulfilment of a much earlier promise. the king had said he would give his daughter in marriage to the hero who should slay the philistine giant champion. for one cause or other he had declined, or at least postponed, the carrying out of his pledge; and the dark thought crossed his mind, could he not endanger the hated life, while seeming to wish to keep the old promise? he speaks of the philistine war as the lord's battles. this was a feeling which inspired every patriotic israelite. "he was," when fighting with the idolatrous nations, "warring for the lord"--so david felt when he spoke of the philistine giant as having defied the ranks of the living god, and alluded to the battle as the lord's (1samuel 17:26; 1samuel 17:47). the same idea is expressed in the title of that most ancient collection of songs which has not been preserved to us--"book of the wars of the lord" (numbers 21:14).
verses 17, 18. - behold my elder daughter merab. saul had promised that he would give his daughter in marriage to whosoever should slay the giant (1 samuel 17:25); and not only was there in this the honour of a close alliance with the royal house, but, as it was usual to give large presents to the father in return for the daughter's hand, the gift had also a substantial value. after long delay saul now refers to this promise, not so much with the intention of fulfilling it, as of leading david on to enterprises which might cost him his life. the marriage may have been deferred at first on account of david's youth; the subject is now revived, but with evil intentions. my eider daughter is literally "my daughter, the great one," while michal is "the little one," a way of speaking used only where there are but two daughters. be thou valiant, etc. this exhortation would be natural under the circumstances; but saul hoped that david, in order to secure so great a prize, would be encouraged to undertake rash adventures. for saul said. i.e. in himself; his purpose was to urge david to perpetual fighting, that so in some rash undertaking he might be slam. thus saul s malice grows, and though not prepared as yet to put david to death himself, he would have felt relief if he had died by the fortune of war. david answers modestly and discreetly that he is not worthy of so great an honour. we are not to suppose that he discerned saul's treachery, which only came-to light afterwards. what is my life, - i.e. my condition, - or my father's family? the or is not in the hebrew, and the meaning is, what is my condition, even my father's family? etc. david's condition or rank in life was settled by the rank which his father held.


text: Welcome to Options REC! We strive to give our customers the ultimate in quality and selection at the best price. Located between Kipling and Wadsworth on West 44th, we are in the same parking lot as Pietra's Pizza and Acorn Glass. Come visit us!

lowercased: welcome to options rec! we strive to give our customers the ultimate in quality and selection at the best price. located between kipling and wadsworth on west 44th, we are in the same parking lot as pietra's pizza and acorn glass. come visit us!


text: Order online for takeout, delivery, and dine in: 50. Moo Shu Pork from China Cafe - Boca Raton. Serving the best Chinese in Boca Raton, FL.

lowercased: order online for takeout, delivery, and dine in: 50. moo shu pork from china cafe - boca raton. serving the best chinese in boca raton, fl.


text: 1. Place everything in a medium-sized pot, stir to combine, bring to a boil, then reduce to a simmer and cook for 15-20 minutes until reduced, stirring often. Remove the star anise and cinnamon stick, stir and mash a bit with a wooden spoon, and allow to cool a bit before serving.

lowercased: 1. place everything in a medium-sized pot, stir to combine, bring to a boil, then reduce to a simmer and cook for 15-20 minutes until reduced, stirring often. remove the star anise and cinnamon stick, stir and mash a bit with a wooden spoon, and allow to cool a bit before serving.


text:
Posted at: 11/16/2010 08:59:00 AM .
From the moment the theater lights went dim (no trailers for a pre-screening) you could feel the tense, dark themes of the first part of this final installment of the Harry Potter franchise. Even the WB logo was redesigned to represent the dismal environment. There were changes made from the books, however they were all done in positive ways and I don't think any fans will be disappointed. The split was done at a good point in the story, so you will not feel annoyed as you exit the theater. Alright, you might be a little annoyed that you have to wait until July to see the chilling conclusion, but not because of the point they made the split. I don't want to go into more details on the actual story since I can very easily spoil the film if I'm not careful.
Although the filmmakers choose not to make the first part in 3D, you can tell it was the original plan because there were a few scenes, such as when brooms are flying, that make you think they're about to come over your head if they could leave the screen. I saw the film in its regular format and not IMAX, however I don't think it would have changed my opinion for this review. The CGI was amazing and just added to the overall tenseness of the film through dark marks, fog, and more. I will admit that I jumped out of my seat a few times.
The writers did a wonderful job of adding some humor to lighten the mood even through all the darkness thanks to the resident comedians, the Weasley twins. The acting was well done on all parts and you can tell that through ten years of playing these characters they have become part of the actors. I must admit that the best lines and acting went to... DOBBY. That's right, I felt that the few scenes Dobby was in, he stole the show.
For tickets and showtimes, check out your local theaters. I've heard the film is already sold out for at least the first weekend so try for early showings, or weekdays right after work if you haven't already purchased tickets. Make sure to check here first because I will be posting any movie theater deals I find including free food, drinks, and hopefully discounted tickets.
Once again, thank you to Q102 Philly and GoFoBo for helping me get the passes to the pre-screening.

lowercased:
posted at: 11/16/2010 08:59:00 am .
from the moment the theater lights went dim (no trailers for a pre-screening) you could feel the tense, dark themes of the first part of this final installment of the harry potter franchise. even the wb logo was redesigned to represent the dismal environment. there were changes made from the books, however they were all done in positive ways and i don't think any fans will be disappointed. the split was done at a good point in the story, so you will not feel annoyed as you exit the theater. alright, you might be a little annoyed that you have to wait until july to see the chilling conclusion, but not because of the point they made the split. i don't want to go into more details on the actual story since i can very easily spoil the film if i'm not careful.
although the filmmakers choose not to make the first part in 3d, you can tell it was the original plan because there were a few scenes, such as when brooms are flying, that make you think they're about to come over your head if they could leave the screen. i saw the film in its regular format and not imax, however i don't think it would have changed my opinion for this review. the cgi was amazing and just added to the overall tenseness of the film through dark marks, fog, and more. i will admit that i jumped out of my seat a few times.
the writers did a wonderful job of adding some humor to lighten the mood even through all the darkness thanks to the resident comedians, the weasley twins. the acting was well done on all parts and you can tell that through ten years of playing these characters they have become part of the actors. i must admit that the best lines and acting went to... dobby. that's right, i felt that the few scenes dobby was in, he stole the show.
for tickets and showtimes, check out your local theaters. i've heard the film is already sold out for at least the first weekend so try for early showings, or weekdays right after work if you haven't already purchased tickets. make sure to check here first because i will be posting any movie theater deals i find including free food, drinks, and hopefully discounted tickets.
once again, thank you to q102 philly and gofobo for helping me get the passes to the pre-screening.


text:
Hello all. I lived in Abqaiq with my family from '76 to '79 when we moved back to the States. I would have been class of '82. I was looking for old friends Ian Russell, Harland Rex, Elizabeth Colgan, Sean Trimble, Michelle Trujillo, John Cunningham and more. My wife stumbled on to this site. Great to see it. Good memories of sliding down dunes on cardboard boxes, swimming and fishing in the Gulf and horseback riding, let's not forget having to scrape the oil off your shoes after playin' on the golf course. Drop me a line.
At last! Someone who undertsadns! Thanks for posting!

lowercased:
hello all. i lived in abqaiq with my family from '76 to '79 when we moved back to the states. i would have been class of '82. i was looking for old friends ian russell, harland rex, elizabeth colgan, sean trimble, michelle trujillo, john cunningham and more. my wife stumbled on to this site. great to see it. good memories of sliding down dunes on cardboard boxes, swimming and fishing in the gulf and horseback riding, let's not forget having to scrape the oil off your shoes after playin' on the golf course. drop me a line.
at last! someone who undertsadns! thanks for posting!


text:
We believe that Energy Efficiency is the single most important future source of energy. Not only is it currently the most effective way to combat rising energy prices and increasing supply demands – it is probably the most important response to one of the the biggest threat humans have ever faced...Climate Change.
As the threats presented by climate change become ever more proven, there are countless excellent global initiatives in place researching and developing alternative energy sources that will, hopefully, lead to the world’s economies becoming less reliant on harmful types of energy generation.
However, one important source of energy is too often overlooked – energy efficiency, we must get more from less. Population levels are projected to increase from 6.5 billion today to 8.3 billion by 2030. At this rate of growth, the world’s demand for energy will have increased by 53%, elevating global CO2 emissions by 55%.
Energy efficiencies in all walks of life will help reduce the effects of climate change, and commerce and industry can make a significant contribution by using the best available technologies to reduce the amount of energy needed to operate facilities.
We are at the forefront of Energy Management, targeting significant reductions in client energy consumption and cost, without inhibiting performance. This is, of course, highly desirable in the current economic climate.
We kept abreast of the latest energy saving incentives, often government backed, and can tap in to a global network of professionals from within the industry to ensure our customers realise the benefits of these initiatives through the implementation of the very best energy saving strategies and technology.
Made in USA Most LED lights are made in China. Our lights are manufactured at our production facility in Mentor, Ohio, USA.
Highest Quality“ Our ruggedly constructed lights use no transformers and have the most energy efficient LED drive circuitry in the industry. Our lights run directly off 100-305 volts and produce 106 lumens per watt.
Best Warranty -- Most manufacturers offer a 1 to 3 year warranty on their product. The warranty on our patent-pending lights is 10 full years.
Best prices -- Even though our lights are the highest quality and made in the USA, you'll always find our pricing among the most competitive.
Local representation -- We always have a factory trained and certified local representative who will personally work with you throughout your project. And, your order comes directly from our factory, with no imports or middle men.
Financing-- We can provide lease to own? financing -- no upfront cost and 100% deductible.

lowercased:
we believe that energy efficiency is the single most important future source of energy. not only is it currently the most effective way to combat rising energy prices and increasing supply demands – it is probably the most important response to one of the the biggest threat humans have ever faced...climate change.
as the threats presented by climate change become ever more proven, there are countless excellent global initiatives in place researching and developing alternative energy sources that will, hopefully, lead to the world’s economies becoming less reliant on harmful types of energy generation.
however, one important source of energy is too often overlooked – energy efficiency, we must get more from less. population levels are projected to increase from 6.5 billion today to 8.3 billion by 2030. at this rate of growth, the world’s demand for energy will have increased by 53%, elevating global co2 emissions by 55%.
energy efficiencies in all walks of life will help reduce the effects of climate change, and commerce and industry can make a significant contribution by using the best available technologies to reduce the amount of energy needed to operate facilities.
we are at the forefront of energy management, targeting significant reductions in client energy consumption and cost, without inhibiting performance. this is, of course, highly desirable in the current economic climate.
we kept abreast of the latest energy saving incentives, often government backed, and can tap in to a global network of professionals from within the industry to ensure our customers realise the benefits of these initiatives through the implementation of the very best energy saving strategies and technology.
made in usa most led lights are made in china. our lights are manufactured at our production facility in mentor, ohio, usa.
highest quality“ our ruggedly constructed lights use no transformers and have the most energy efficient led drive circuitry in the industry. our lights run directly off 100-305 volts and produce 106 lumens per watt.
best warranty -- most manufacturers offer a 1 to 3 year warranty on their product. the warranty on our patent-pending lights is 10 full years.
best prices -- even though our lights are the highest quality and made in the usa, you'll always find our pricing among the most competitive.
local representation -- we always have a factory trained and certified local representative who will personally work with you throughout your project. and, your order comes directly from our factory, with no imports or middle men.
financing-- we can provide lease to own? financing -- no upfront cost and 100% deductible.