text:
MANILA — The declared policy of the newly signed Republic Act (RA) 11203 or Rice Tariffication Law, now with issued implementing rules and regulations, is to ensure food security. Ironically, it is the very same principle that the law is putting at risk.
Food security is a precondition for economic development. A hungry population is a weak, unhealthy, and disoriented labor force, simply put. A state that has secured the dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy population is free to plan the economy to explore a wider range of products for manufacturing. For instance, many developed states, especially after a war period, had prioritized building their food stocks over building roads and bridges, and it made a lot of development sense.
Food security is what the Rice Tariffication Law jeopardizes. The Philippines has now embarked on imports liberalization of its staple – a dangerous path not just for the country’s food security, but more importantly, for that elusive economic development.
The global rice market is narrow. Only 9.7% of global production ended up in the global market in 2018. Contrary to what president Duterte and his economic managers are saying that Filipinos should no longer aspire for self-sufficiency, the rice-producing world is consuming more than 90% of the rice produced where it is produced. Even the country’s self-sufficiency ratio in 2017 was 93 percent. It is inconceivable therefore that the government is declaring that rice-producing Philippines, whose average self-sufficiency ratio in the last 30 years is 91%, should now simply rely on importation.
But economic managers pushing for import reliance contest the lone capacity of local production to feed the nation. The problem, however, is that not even government statistics on average rice consumption is accurate and updated. Yet, despite lack of wisdom, the Duterte government has painted a picture that the country can never be rice self-sufficient.
It has been the mantra of the Philippine government to open up the local rice sector since the country’s accession to the multilateral trading system of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The average annual self-sufficiency ratio in the pre-WTO years of 1991-1994 was 99.4%, which shrank to 89% from 1995 to 2016, only because of the policy of agricultural trade liberalization. Still, it is the Duterte government’s thrust to widen the share of imports instead of strengthening local production. The defeatist attitude negates the principle of availability of food at all times.
Indeed, global rice production has increased since the 2008 crisis, reaching record volume of 495 million tons (milled basis) and exports of unprecedented 48 million tons in 2018. But the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is projecting a shake-up in the Asian rice market in 2019. Carry-over stocks of Thailand are the lowest in a decade due to the depletion of government stocks. The Thai baht has also strengthened over the last months, making Thai rice prices more expensive. On the other hand, Vietnam, the Philippines’ number one supplier, will be more competitive in the European market as Burma and Cambodia lose their duty-free advantage in the European market once afforded by the Everything But Arms agreement. China meanwhile, although a major importer in the last eight years, is seen rising as a major exporter. The Philippine government is setting its sights on this volatile market.
Relying on importation, the Philippine economy as an importer of a wide variety of products is showing innate lack of capacity. The peso is weakest in over a decade and currently among the weakest currencies in Asia. The country’s dollar reserves is also lowest in a decade, reaching only 6.9 months’ worth of imports.
The government also argues that increased importation of cheaper global rice will benefit Filipino consumers with lower local price. This, however, is misinformed on two accounts – one, global rice is not necessarily cheaper (this should be self-explanatory by the narrowness of the market alone), and two, the local market remains dominated by a trading cartel that can impose a higher mark-up depending on the weakness of local production and other supply factors.
Despite fluctuations and recent global trends showing that export prices are going down, global rice prices have actually increased since 2016. The Thai 5% broken rice for instance has become more expensive from US$396 per ton in 2016 to US$405 in March 2019. Same with Thai 25% broken rice – from US$385 to US$398 per ton in the same period. Viet 5% and 25% broken rice export prices (at US$347 and US$328 per ton, respectively) have basically remained the same comparing 2016 and March 2019 prices, but that is after fluctuating wildly to as high as US$450 per ton in the first half of 2018.
In February this year, the landed cost of Thai rice with applied tariff, across all qualities (i.e. 25%, 15%, 10%, 5% brokens), ranged from Php36.73 to Php37.29 per kilo. The wholesale prices on the fourth week of that month were Php37.61 per kilo for the regular milled rice (RMR) and Php41.13 per kilo for the well milled rice (WMR). This shows a small difference between the landed cost and the local wholesale price. On the same week, retail prices were Php40.65 per kilo for RMR and Php44.58 per kilo for WMR, or a difference of only Php3.05 for RMR and Php3.45 for WMR.
Note that the wholesale and retail prices cannot be disaggregated as to whether they are imported or local. But the point is that the landed cost of imported rice is not dramatically lower. The Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) extrapolates the landed cost of rice by 1.2 times to come up with its retail price, which if applied to the February 2019 landed cost would yield a still more expensive imported rice ranging from Php44.08 to Php44.75 per kilo.
What is further inconceivable is for government to insist that cheap imported rice will pull down local prices. From 1995 to 2010, based on National Food Authority (NFA) data, the landed cost and wholesale prices of imported rice were higher than the wholesale and retail prices of local rice. From 2011, when global production picked up, to the last available data in August 2018, prices of domestic rice have been markedly higher than prices of imported rice. Indeed global rice has become cheaper due to increased production and exports after the 2008 crisis, but this did not translate to cheaper local prices. In fact what the Philippine market had from 2011 to 2014 was record increase in smuggled rice and escalating rice prices at an annual average of Php1.20 increase per kilo. This only indicates clearly how the local rice cartel can make super-profits from favorable global market trends.
Recent Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) data show a continuous weekly drop in rice prices starting on the first week of February and lower wholesale prices of WMR and RMR by the fourth week of March relative to their prices a year ago. But retail prices are still higher than in the previous year. Yet, farmgate price has continuously declined in the same period, reaching Php18.87 per kilo, or a Php1.59 drop from March 2018.
Affordability is a dimension of accessibility, which the Rice Tariffication Law has wrongly assumed. What is worse is that the law imperils the more important dimension of accessibility – which is people having adequate incomes and livelihood – by subjecting the Filipino rice farmers to undue competition with subsidized imports.
As it is right now, the Philippine economy registers the lowest number of jobs created in over 60 years under nine administrations. In agriculture alone, 1.1 million jobs were lost in 2018 – unparalleled by any administration. Wages have remained stagnant, with the nationwide average daily basic pay increasing by only 6.8% in real terms in the last 12 years. The Rice Tariffication Law will worsen the jobs crisis and poverty.
RA 11203 reduces NFA’s role from market stabilization (i.e. procuring palay from farmers and selling rice to consumers) to simply maintaining buffer stock. The inane idea however is to keep buffer stock for emergencies, whether caused by natural hazards or economic ‘shocks’ (which include otherwise normal occurrences in the Philippine crisis such as inflation, rising unemployment or peso depreciation), while reducing the agency’s power to procure locally.
Nothing replaces the role of stable local production in moderating the impact of emergencies. But the Duterte government is hyping the creation of an annual Php10-billion Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF) from the projected tariff revenues from liberalizing rice imports. In current dollar terms, this would mean US$190 million, which is trivial if compared with the subsidies given by other states to their rice farmers – US$1 billion support by Vietnam and US$7 billion by Thailand. In 2017, the Indian government provided support price of INR1,550 per quintal for common variety, while the average cost of production was INR1,117 per quintal. Philippine agriculture meanwhile is allocated a mere 1.3% of the delayed 2019 national budget, or a projected cut of 1.8% or Php900 million from the previous year’s agriculture budget.
After the World Food Summit in 1996, the ethical and human rights dimensions of food security have come into focus as the UN formally adopted the Right to Adequate Food. But neoliberal apologists and policymakers, such as the Duterte government’s economic team, have gone around the UN definition of food security to further justify open trading system and liberalization of traditional sectors such as agriculture. Neoliberal policies, they argue, can bring about availability, cheap products and steady supply.
These however clearly violate the people’s right to food, their right to access resources in order to produce food such as having free land to till and state support as well as their right to produce food of their own choice and decisions.
*Rosario Bella Guzman is the Executive Editor and Research Head of IBON Foundation.
IBON Foundation, Inc. is an independent development institution established in 1978 that provides research, education, publications, information work and advocacy support on socioeconomic issues.

lowercased:
manila — the declared policy of the newly signed republic act (ra) 11203 or rice tariffication law, now with issued implementing rules and regulations, is to ensure food security. ironically, it is the very same principle that the law is putting at risk.
food security is a precondition for economic development. a hungry population is a weak, unhealthy, and disoriented labor force, simply put. a state that has secured the dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy population is free to plan the economy to explore a wider range of products for manufacturing. for instance, many developed states, especially after a war period, had prioritized building their food stocks over building roads and bridges, and it made a lot of development sense.
food security is what the rice tariffication law jeopardizes. the philippines has now embarked on imports liberalization of its staple – a dangerous path not just for the country’s food security, but more importantly, for that elusive economic development.
the global rice market is narrow. only 9.7% of global production ended up in the global market in 2018. contrary to what president duterte and his economic managers are saying that filipinos should no longer aspire for self-sufficiency, the rice-producing world is consuming more than 90% of the rice produced where it is produced. even the country’s self-sufficiency ratio in 2017 was 93 percent. it is inconceivable therefore that the government is declaring that rice-producing philippines, whose average self-sufficiency ratio in the last 30 years is 91%, should now simply rely on importation.
but economic managers pushing for import reliance contest the lone capacity of local production to feed the nation. the problem, however, is that not even government statistics on average rice consumption is accurate and updated. yet, despite lack of wisdom, the duterte government has painted a picture that the country can never be rice self-sufficient.
it has been the mantra of the philippine government to open up the local rice sector since the country’s accession to the multilateral trading system of the world trade organization (wto) in 1995. the average annual self-sufficiency ratio in the pre-wto years of 1991-1994 was 99.4%, which shrank to 89% from 1995 to 2016, only because of the policy of agricultural trade liberalization. still, it is the duterte government’s thrust to widen the share of imports instead of strengthening local production. the defeatist attitude negates the principle of availability of food at all times.
indeed, global rice production has increased since the 2008 crisis, reaching record volume of 495 million tons (milled basis) and exports of unprecedented 48 million tons in 2018. but the united states department of agriculture (usda) is projecting a shake-up in the asian rice market in 2019. carry-over stocks of thailand are the lowest in a decade due to the depletion of government stocks. the thai baht has also strengthened over the last months, making thai rice prices more expensive. on the other hand, vietnam, the philippines’ number one supplier, will be more competitive in the european market as burma and cambodia lose their duty-free advantage in the european market once afforded by the everything but arms agreement. china meanwhile, although a major importer in the last eight years, is seen rising as a major exporter. the philippine government is setting its sights on this volatile market.
relying on importation, the philippine economy as an importer of a wide variety of products is showing innate lack of capacity. the peso is weakest in over a decade and currently among the weakest currencies in asia. the country’s dollar reserves is also lowest in a decade, reaching only 6.9 months’ worth of imports.
the government also argues that increased importation of cheaper global rice will benefit filipino consumers with lower local price. this, however, is misinformed on two accounts – one, global rice is not necessarily cheaper (this should be self-explanatory by the narrowness of the market alone), and two, the local market remains dominated by a trading cartel that can impose a higher mark-up depending on the weakness of local production and other supply factors.
despite fluctuations and recent global trends showing that export prices are going down, global rice prices have actually increased since 2016. the thai 5% broken rice for instance has become more expensive from us$396 per ton in 2016 to us$405 in march 2019. same with thai 25% broken rice – from us$385 to us$398 per ton in the same period. viet 5% and 25% broken rice export prices (at us$347 and us$328 per ton, respectively) have basically remained the same comparing 2016 and march 2019 prices, but that is after fluctuating wildly to as high as us$450 per ton in the first half of 2018.
in february this year, the landed cost of thai rice with applied tariff, across all qualities (i.e. 25%, 15%, 10%, 5% brokens), ranged from php36.73 to php37.29 per kilo. the wholesale prices on the fourth week of that month were php37.61 per kilo for the regular milled rice (rmr) and php41.13 per kilo for the well milled rice (wmr). this shows a small difference between the landed cost and the local wholesale price. on the same week, retail prices were php40.65 per kilo for rmr and php44.58 per kilo for wmr, or a difference of only php3.05 for rmr and php3.45 for wmr.
note that the wholesale and retail prices cannot be disaggregated as to whether they are imported or local. but the point is that the landed cost of imported rice is not dramatically lower. the philippine institute for development studies (pids) extrapolates the landed cost of rice by 1.2 times to come up with its retail price, which if applied to the february 2019 landed cost would yield a still more expensive imported rice ranging from php44.08 to php44.75 per kilo.
what is further inconceivable is for government to insist that cheap imported rice will pull down local prices. from 1995 to 2010, based on national food authority (nfa) data, the landed cost and wholesale prices of imported rice were higher than the wholesale and retail prices of local rice. from 2011, when global production picked up, to the last available data in august 2018, prices of domestic rice have been markedly higher than prices of imported rice. indeed global rice has become cheaper due to increased production and exports after the 2008 crisis, but this did not translate to cheaper local prices. in fact what the philippine market had from 2011 to 2014 was record increase in smuggled rice and escalating rice prices at an annual average of php1.20 increase per kilo. this only indicates clearly how the local rice cartel can make super-profits from favorable global market trends.
recent philippine statistics authority (psa) data show a continuous weekly drop in rice prices starting on the first week of february and lower wholesale prices of wmr and rmr by the fourth week of march relative to their prices a year ago. but retail prices are still higher than in the previous year. yet, farmgate price has continuously declined in the same period, reaching php18.87 per kilo, or a php1.59 drop from march 2018.
affordability is a dimension of accessibility, which the rice tariffication law has wrongly assumed. what is worse is that the law imperils the more important dimension of accessibility – which is people having adequate incomes and livelihood – by subjecting the filipino rice farmers to undue competition with subsidized imports.
as it is right now, the philippine economy registers the lowest number of jobs created in over 60 years under nine administrations. in agriculture alone, 1.1 million jobs were lost in 2018 – unparalleled by any administration. wages have remained stagnant, with the nationwide average daily basic pay increasing by only 6.8% in real terms in the last 12 years. the rice tariffication law will worsen the jobs crisis and poverty.
ra 11203 reduces nfa’s role from market stabilization (i.e. procuring palay from farmers and selling rice to consumers) to simply maintaining buffer stock. the inane idea however is to keep buffer stock for emergencies, whether caused by natural hazards or economic ‘shocks’ (which include otherwise normal occurrences in the philippine crisis such as inflation, rising unemployment or peso depreciation), while reducing the agency’s power to procure locally.
nothing replaces the role of stable local production in moderating the impact of emergencies. but the duterte government is hyping the creation of an annual php10-billion rice competitiveness enhancement fund (rcef) from the projected tariff revenues from liberalizing rice imports. in current dollar terms, this would mean us$190 million, which is trivial if compared with the subsidies given by other states to their rice farmers – us$1 billion support by vietnam and us$7 billion by thailand. in 2017, the indian government provided support price of inr1,550 per quintal for common variety, while the average cost of production was inr1,117 per quintal. philippine agriculture meanwhile is allocated a mere 1.3% of the delayed 2019 national budget, or a projected cut of 1.8% or php900 million from the previous year’s agriculture budget.
after the world food summit in 1996, the ethical and human rights dimensions of food security have come into focus as the un formally adopted the right to adequate food. but neoliberal apologists and policymakers, such as the duterte government’s economic team, have gone around the un definition of food security to further justify open trading system and liberalization of traditional sectors such as agriculture. neoliberal policies, they argue, can bring about availability, cheap products and steady supply.
these however clearly violate the people’s right to food, their right to access resources in order to produce food such as having free land to till and state support as well as their right to produce food of their own choice and decisions.
*rosario bella guzman is the executive editor and research head of ibon foundation.
ibon foundation, inc. is an independent development institution established in 1978 that provides research, education, publications, information work and advocacy support on socioeconomic issues.


text:
50 Wooden chopsticks 15 cm.
Burins - bag PROMOTION 1 ud.
Burins - met - Text.- 14cm -- 4 y 6mm diam.
Double Sided Adhesive Paper 34.5 x47cm. Unid.
Paper for pergamano 5ud. 110gr. 21x30cm.
Paper for pergamano 5ud. 90gr. 21x30cm.
Tiles Hght. 19x10x7cm 1 ud.

lowercased:
50 wooden chopsticks 15 cm.
burins - bag promotion 1 ud.
burins - met - text.- 14cm -- 4 y 6mm diam.
double sided adhesive paper 34.5 x47cm. unid.
paper for pergamano 5ud. 110gr. 21x30cm.
paper for pergamano 5ud. 90gr. 21x30cm.
tiles hght. 19x10x7cm 1 ud.


text:
Fantastic article in the Sydney Morning Herald asks how have Kiwi start-ups managed to catch the eye of powerful people with big chequebooks.
And is there anything on the Australian side of the Tasman that can be learned from New Zealand’s entrepreneurs?
If you’re an overseas business looking to operate in the New Zealand market, we provide strategic business guidance and practical financial advice on how to structure your business here.
Over the years we’ve helped many companies like yours successfully set up shop here in New Zealand. Our experience in this area has helped to position many of them for growth in the local market by putting in place tax structures to suit their specific needs.
Please call Greg Millar or Vanessa Williams on +64 9 520 9200 to discuss your particular situation and receive advice that is relevant to you.

lowercased:
fantastic article in the sydney morning herald asks how have kiwi start-ups managed to catch the eye of powerful people with big chequebooks.
and is there anything on the australian side of the tasman that can be learned from new zealand’s entrepreneurs?
if you’re an overseas business looking to operate in the new zealand market, we provide strategic business guidance and practical financial advice on how to structure your business here.
over the years we’ve helped many companies like yours successfully set up shop here in new zealand. our experience in this area has helped to position many of them for growth in the local market by putting in place tax structures to suit their specific needs.
please call greg millar or vanessa williams on +64 9 520 9200 to discuss your particular situation and receive advice that is relevant to you.


text:
Local videos on your server that you can upload or select from existing videos.
Video code (just copy the source code from any video on the Web).
Audio URL - simply enter the audio file URL.
Upload an audio file or select existing audio files.
Audio code (enter the audio code from another site).
Document URL - enter the document file URL.
Upload a document, PDF or Word Doc.
As a link to the document.
Choose whether it's proportional by width or by height.
To save a lot time, you can import whole playlists/albums from YouTube or Vimeo. Lessons will automatically be created for these videos. Read more about this feature on our blog.

lowercased:
local videos on your server that you can upload or select from existing videos.
video code (just copy the source code from any video on the web).
audio url - simply enter the audio file url.
upload an audio file or select existing audio files.
audio code (enter the audio code from another site).
document url - enter the document file url.
upload a document, pdf or word doc.
as a link to the document.
choose whether it's proportional by width or by height.
to save a lot time, you can import whole playlists/albums from youtube or vimeo. lessons will automatically be created for these videos. read more about this feature on our blog.


text:
This tutorial will turn your Raspberry PI into a simple Bluetooth audio receiver, which plays music through connected speakers. It's like a regular car audio system, but it can be used anywhere and it's a good value.
The Bluetooth profile which does the magic is called A2DP.
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 041e:30d3 Creative Technology, Ltd Sound Blaster Play!
The on–board audio produces low–quality, noisy output, so I decided to use something better. I chose external USB Creative Sound Blaster Play! interface. It costs ~$20.
As for Bluetooth dongle, I used Digitus Tiny USB-Adapter, which is discovered as Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle.
Note: I used another dongle (different manufacturer) also discovered as Cambridge Silicon Radio but unable to stream audio. So beware, because different manufacturers use the same hardware in a different way. Or they pretend to use the same hardware for some (compatibility?) reasons. This way or another, if you get garbled audio or no audio at all but everything else is alright, don't worry, just try another dongle – it's cheap.
See RPi USB Bluetooth adapters for buying recommendations. Trial and error is another option, since most devices cost below $10.
Raspberry PI offers limited power to USB devices (and limited number of ports). You'll need some active (powered) USB Hub to keep USB devices stable and working (USB Audio, USB Bluettoth and optional USB WiFi). Google to learn more, it's a very common topic when using Raspberry PI.
Note: It usually takes a while. Get some tee and sandwiches.
Note: PA is pretty CPU–consuming. With the following configuration it uses ~30% of my PI's CPU. So if you expect PI to do something else beside A2DP and avoid sound glitches, reasearch different resample-method.
The whole trick is to redirect the right source (i.e. smartphone) the right sink (ALSA) each time a new Bluetooth device is connected. In the above case, it would be bluez_source.A8_88_08_11_AB_4B to alsa_output.0.analog-stereo.
The script I used is an extended version of http://blog.mrverrall.co.uk/2013/01/raspberry-pi-a2dp-bluetooth-audio.html. It's pretty straightforward: it redirects a new Bluetooth audio source to the right sink and sets output volume level.
Some people complained that the whole configuration does not work after reboot, unless pi user is logged in.
in "Boot Options" -> "Console Auto–login".
If your device is already paired, simply connect it to Raspberry PI and select Bluetooth audio output. Enjoy your tunes!
Tested with iPhone, MacbookPro and Windows laptop.
# The original script: http://blog.mrverrall.co.uk/2013/01/raspberry-pi-a2dp-bluetooth-audio.html.
# Find the right sink with `pactl list sources short`.
# Check if any sources are currently running and that our new device is valid.
log "Source is already RUNNING. Available sources:"
log "Unrecognized source. Available sources:"
log "Validated new source: $1."
sudo su - "$BT_USER" -c "pacmd set-sink-volume 0 65537"
sudo su - "$BT_USER" -c "amixer set Master 100%"
log "Change for device $BT_MAC detected, running $ACTION."
I'm getting some troubles when I check pactl list sources short, I'm getting error connection refused, probably because Pulseaudio is not running. Then if I launch it pulseaudio & I am getting another error: [pulseaudio] bluez4-util.c: org.bluez.Manager.GetProperties() failed.
Is this system work with a raspberry 3 ? Without a Bluetooth dongle but just with the raspberry 3 Bluetooth ? Because I can't connect my iPhone with Bluetoothctl si may be I need a Bluetooth dongle ?
I've followed this guide and it works, but I'm noticing two issues.
Most important issue is changing the volume on my phone has no effect on the Pi output, it's always the same, and too low for my amp to run at full power. Edit: Now it's incredibly loud, noisy, and constantly cuts out. The cutting out may or may not be my phone.
Less important issue, but a minor annoyance, is my name setting isn't having any effect, I set the name to Jazukure but it still shows up as raspberrypi on my phone.
I've fixed the name issue by changing my hostname. Volume control now works, or rather worked. The entire setup worked properly once, and once only. After a reboot no amount of repairing will get my laptop to actually stay connected to the Pi. I'm using a Raspberry Pi B+ (first generation).
Playsky did you success with the on board raspberry 3 bluetooth ?
sudo su - "$BT_USER" -c "pactl load-module module-loopback source=\"$1\" sink=\"$PA_SINK\" rate=44100 adjust_time=0"
i can get as far as verifying the password from my galazy s5 and the pi actually shows me as connected but then it kicks the connection and my phone says that it cant communicate with the pi.
i can trust the source from "bluetoothctl" but if i try to pair from there it wont allow it and says it already exists.
google has not helped .
@ozzieone I have the same problem. Have you found anything?
First of all, great tutorial that works fine thanks !
Just one issue: I'm using a Raspberry Pi W (bluetooth embedded) but the sound is cuting every 1-2 seconds...Even when the phone is really close.
Same issue as @AudricManaud, with and without a powered USB hub. Did you make any progress?
@AudricManaud So it turned out my issue seems to be caused by my android phone, as audio works without stuttering when using a macbook. Some googling reveals this is a long standing issue with android, but I've had good results with bluetooth audio a couple months ago with the same phone, so I wonder if there's something I can do.
I checked my Pi's CPU, it remains normal.
It seems that the problem comes from using wifi & bluetooth simultaneously.
@oleq Thank you very much for sharing this.
from what I see, this add the user pi to the group lp. This group is usually used for to printing.
It really should not be necessary.
I don't have much knowledge in bluetooth. Would you mind if I ask some questions ?
1/ In section What is this all about? doesn't mention the usb bluetooth 4.0. Does this project need it ?
2/ Does this project help connect Bluetooth Headset To Raspberry Pi 3 (A2DP & HSP) ?
What I want is connect raspberry Pi with my bluetooth module. So that Raspberry pi can get input sound from my bluetooth module and output sound to it.
Currently I can send sound from raspberry pi to my bluetooth module but raspberry pi doesn't receive any sound from it.
Load module-loopback automatically for A2DP and HFGW sources, so that the received audio is automatically played back to some output.
any suggestions? My phone shows connected to the pi.
although the phone is connected?
@BrettStuart014 i had the same problem with my iPhone. When i start the connection vom iphone site. So now my steps to solved the problem.
So now it was paired but not connected !! before i made the issue that i start connection from phone site.
now my iphone links fine with raspi. So all is testet with debian jessie. I dont no is it runnning on stretch too.
Hi, I am not able to get the logs of the a2dp-autoconnect file by running tail -f /var/log/a2dp-autoconnect. And maybe because of this whenever I reboot the pi I have to set the source and sink before playing music. Any help?
I'm trying to use a Pi Zero W as a Bluetooth device. I'm using a PHAT-DAC to get I2S audio. The idea is to Bluetooth connect from Ipad to the Pi zero, then stream audio from the Ipad to the Rpi.
I think this thread tries to do something similar, except with an RPI-3. Should it work for a Pi Zero W?
Is anyone using this on banana pi? I'm using it with raspbian and every 10s the sound becomes distorted, then returns to normal again, and so on ... "top" shows that pulseaudio is using 35% of CPU when bluetooth is connected, whether anything is playing or not. I have the same issue with both an android phone and a windows laptop. Both of these stream just fine to other bluetooth receivers. Any tips?
Everythings Work fine but Bluetooth Connection always stop át 30 min..
How can set up always connection??
For those that have the problem of bluez not showing up in pactl list sources even though bluetooth device is connected and playing, it usually means that the PulseAudio bluetooth modules need to be restarted. Could be a bug. Restart PulseAudio and connect bluetooth device again. Then it should then show up in pactl list sources.

lowercased:
this tutorial will turn your raspberry pi into a simple bluetooth audio receiver, which plays music through connected speakers. it's like a regular car audio system, but it can be used anywhere and it's a good value.
the bluetooth profile which does the magic is called a2dp.
bus 001 device 008: id 041e:30d3 creative technology, ltd sound blaster play!
the on–board audio produces low–quality, noisy output, so i decided to use something better. i chose external usb creative sound blaster play! interface. it costs ~$20.
as for bluetooth dongle, i used digitus tiny usb-adapter, which is discovered as cambridge silicon radio, ltd bluetooth dongle.
note: i used another dongle (different manufacturer) also discovered as cambridge silicon radio but unable to stream audio. so beware, because different manufacturers use the same hardware in a different way. or they pretend to use the same hardware for some (compatibility?) reasons. this way or another, if you get garbled audio or no audio at all but everything else is alright, don't worry, just try another dongle – it's cheap.
see rpi usb bluetooth adapters for buying recommendations. trial and error is another option, since most devices cost below $10.
raspberry pi offers limited power to usb devices (and limited number of ports). you'll need some active (powered) usb hub to keep usb devices stable and working (usb audio, usb bluettoth and optional usb wifi). google to learn more, it's a very common topic when using raspberry pi.
note: it usually takes a while. get some tee and sandwiches.
note: pa is pretty cpu–consuming. with the following configuration it uses ~30% of my pi's cpu. so if you expect pi to do something else beside a2dp and avoid sound glitches, reasearch different resample-method.
the whole trick is to redirect the right source (i.e. smartphone) the right sink (alsa) each time a new bluetooth device is connected. in the above case, it would be bluez_source.a8_88_08_11_ab_4b to alsa_output.0.analog-stereo.
the script i used is an extended version of http://blog.mrverrall.co.uk/2013/01/raspberry-pi-a2dp-bluetooth-audio.html. it's pretty straightforward: it redirects a new bluetooth audio source to the right sink and sets output volume level.
some people complained that the whole configuration does not work after reboot, unless pi user is logged in.
in "boot options" -> "console auto–login".
if your device is already paired, simply connect it to raspberry pi and select bluetooth audio output. enjoy your tunes!
tested with iphone, macbookpro and windows laptop.
# the original script: http://blog.mrverrall.co.uk/2013/01/raspberry-pi-a2dp-bluetooth-audio.html.
# find the right sink with `pactl list sources short`.
# check if any sources are currently running and that our new device is valid.
log "source is already running. available sources:"
log "unrecognized source. available sources:"
log "validated new source: $1."
sudo su - "$bt_user" -c "pacmd set-sink-volume 0 65537"
sudo su - "$bt_user" -c "amixer set master 100%"
log "change for device $bt_mac detected, running $action."
i'm getting some troubles when i check pactl list sources short, i'm getting error connection refused, probably because pulseaudio is not running. then if i launch it pulseaudio & i am getting another error: [pulseaudio] bluez4-util.c: org.bluez.manager.getproperties() failed.
is this system work with a raspberry 3 ? without a bluetooth dongle but just with the raspberry 3 bluetooth ? because i can't connect my iphone with bluetoothctl si may be i need a bluetooth dongle ?
i've followed this guide and it works, but i'm noticing two issues.
most important issue is changing the volume on my phone has no effect on the pi output, it's always the same, and too low for my amp to run at full power. edit: now it's incredibly loud, noisy, and constantly cuts out. the cutting out may or may not be my phone.
less important issue, but a minor annoyance, is my name setting isn't having any effect, i set the name to jazukure but it still shows up as raspberrypi on my phone.
i've fixed the name issue by changing my hostname. volume control now works, or rather worked. the entire setup worked properly once, and once only. after a reboot no amount of repairing will get my laptop to actually stay connected to the pi. i'm using a raspberry pi b+ (first generation).
playsky did you success with the on board raspberry 3 bluetooth ?
sudo su - "$bt_user" -c "pactl load-module module-loopback source=\"$1\" sink=\"$pa_sink\" rate=44100 adjust_time=0"
i can get as far as verifying the password from my galazy s5 and the pi actually shows me as connected but then it kicks the connection and my phone says that it cant communicate with the pi.
i can trust the source from "bluetoothctl" but if i try to pair from there it wont allow it and says it already exists.
google has not helped .
@ozzieone i have the same problem. have you found anything?
first of all, great tutorial that works fine thanks !
just one issue: i'm using a raspberry pi w (bluetooth embedded) but the sound is cuting every 1-2 seconds...even when the phone is really close.
same issue as @audricmanaud, with and without a powered usb hub. did you make any progress?
@audricmanaud so it turned out my issue seems to be caused by my android phone, as audio works without stuttering when using a macbook. some googling reveals this is a long standing issue with android, but i've had good results with bluetooth audio a couple months ago with the same phone, so i wonder if there's something i can do.
i checked my pi's cpu, it remains normal.
it seems that the problem comes from using wifi & bluetooth simultaneously.
@oleq thank you very much for sharing this.
from what i see, this add the user pi to the group lp. this group is usually used for to printing.
it really should not be necessary.
i don't have much knowledge in bluetooth. would you mind if i ask some questions ?
1/ in section what is this all about? doesn't mention the usb bluetooth 4.0. does this project need it ?
2/ does this project help connect bluetooth headset to raspberry pi 3 (a2dp & hsp) ?
what i want is connect raspberry pi with my bluetooth module. so that raspberry pi can get input sound from my bluetooth module and output sound to it.
currently i can send sound from raspberry pi to my bluetooth module but raspberry pi doesn't receive any sound from it.
load module-loopback automatically for a2dp and hfgw sources, so that the received audio is automatically played back to some output.
any suggestions? my phone shows connected to the pi.
although the phone is connected?
@brettstuart014 i had the same problem with my iphone. when i start the connection vom iphone site. so now my steps to solved the problem.
so now it was paired but not connected !! before i made the issue that i start connection from phone site.
now my iphone links fine with raspi. so all is testet with debian jessie. i dont no is it runnning on stretch too.
hi, i am not able to get the logs of the a2dp-autoconnect file by running tail -f /var/log/a2dp-autoconnect. and maybe because of this whenever i reboot the pi i have to set the source and sink before playing music. any help?
i'm trying to use a pi zero w as a bluetooth device. i'm using a phat-dac to get i2s audio. the idea is to bluetooth connect from ipad to the pi zero, then stream audio from the ipad to the rpi.
i think this thread tries to do something similar, except with an rpi-3. should it work for a pi zero w?
is anyone using this on banana pi? i'm using it with raspbian and every 10s the sound becomes distorted, then returns to normal again, and so on ... "top" shows that pulseaudio is using 35% of cpu when bluetooth is connected, whether anything is playing or not. i have the same issue with both an android phone and a windows laptop. both of these stream just fine to other bluetooth receivers. any tips?
everythings work fine but bluetooth connection always stop át 30 min..
how can set up always connection??
for those that have the problem of bluez not showing up in pactl list sources even though bluetooth device is connected and playing, it usually means that the pulseaudio bluetooth modules need to be restarted. could be a bug. restart pulseaudio and connect bluetooth device again. then it should then show up in pactl list sources.


text:
President Trump reveals Obama administration had his office in Trump Tower wiretapped during the election, though nothing illegal was found.
The swirling battle in Washington over President Trump’s desire for a detente with Russia has just taken a dramatic twist with President Trump’s disclosure in an extraordinary series of tweets that back in October – just before the election – US President Obama had Trump’s office in Trump Tower tapped.
The President has also disclosed that a court initially refused Obama’s request for a warrant to have Trump Tower tapped, though a renewed request was later granted.
This means that the wiretap was legal, and that the Obama administration presented some evidence to the court, which the court accepted, that there were legitimate grounds for the wiretap. In the event the wiretap found nothing.
5. January 2017: Buzzfeed/CNN dossier.Buzzfeed releases, and CNN reports, a supposed intelligence “dossier” compiled by a foreign former spy. It purports to show continuous contact between Russia and the Trump campaign, and says that the Russians have compromising information about Trump. None of the allegations can be verified and some are proven false. Several media outlets claim that they had been aware of the dossier for months and that it had been circulating in Washington.
10. March: the Washington Post targets Jeff Sessions. The Washington Postreports that Attorney General Jeff Sessions had contact twice with the Russian ambassador during the campaign — once at a Heritage Foundation event and once at a meeting in Sessions’s Senate office. The Post suggests that the two meetings contradict Sessions’s testimony at his confirmation hearings that he had no contacts with the Russians, though in context (not presented by the Post) it was clear he meant in his capacity as a campaign surrogate, and that he was responding to claims in the “dossier” of ongoing contacts. The New York Times, in covering the story, adds that the Obama White House “rushed to preserve” intelligence related to alleged Russian links with the Trump campaign. By “preserve” it really means “disseminate”: officials spread evidence throughout other government agencies “to leave a clear trail of intelligence for government investigators” and perhaps the media as well.
That makes it look even more likely that most of these contacts were simply business contacts. Several people associated with Donald Trump eg. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, have long had perfectly legal and public business relationships with Russian businessmen, though contrary to some claims no evidence has ever come to light that Donald Trump ever did on any significant scale. Businessmen meet often to talk business and it is likely that most of the contacts which are being talked about were of this nature.
The New York Times article incidentally confirms that the FBI investigation into these contacts has so far revealed nothing inappropriate about them, and judging from some irritated comments by some Democrats it seems that FBI Director Comey reported as much to Congress yesterday.
I would finish by saying that the information that the previous administration was tapping his phone whilst he was still a candidate was almost certainly provided to the President as a first result of the leaks investigation he has ordered.

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president trump reveals obama administration had his office in trump tower wiretapped during the election, though nothing illegal was found.
the swirling battle in washington over president trump’s desire for a detente with russia has just taken a dramatic twist with president trump’s disclosure in an extraordinary series of tweets that back in october – just before the election – us president obama had trump’s office in trump tower tapped.
the president has also disclosed that a court initially refused obama’s request for a warrant to have trump tower tapped, though a renewed request was later granted.
this means that the wiretap was legal, and that the obama administration presented some evidence to the court, which the court accepted, that there were legitimate grounds for the wiretap. in the event the wiretap found nothing.
5. january 2017: buzzfeed/cnn dossier.buzzfeed releases, and cnn reports, a supposed intelligence “dossier” compiled by a foreign former spy. it purports to show continuous contact between russia and the trump campaign, and says that the russians have compromising information about trump. none of the allegations can be verified and some are proven false. several media outlets claim that they had been aware of the dossier for months and that it had been circulating in washington.
10. march: the washington post targets jeff sessions. the washington postreports that attorney general jeff sessions had contact twice with the russian ambassador during the campaign — once at a heritage foundation event and once at a meeting in sessions’s senate office. the post suggests that the two meetings contradict sessions’s testimony at his confirmation hearings that he had no contacts with the russians, though in context (not presented by the post) it was clear he meant in his capacity as a campaign surrogate, and that he was responding to claims in the “dossier” of ongoing contacts. the new york times, in covering the story, adds that the obama white house “rushed to preserve” intelligence related to alleged russian links with the trump campaign. by “preserve” it really means “disseminate”: officials spread evidence throughout other government agencies “to leave a clear trail of intelligence for government investigators” and perhaps the media as well.
that makes it look even more likely that most of these contacts were simply business contacts. several people associated with donald trump eg. secretary of state rex tillerson and commerce secretary wilbur ross, have long had perfectly legal and public business relationships with russian businessmen, though contrary to some claims no evidence has ever come to light that donald trump ever did on any significant scale. businessmen meet often to talk business and it is likely that most of the contacts which are being talked about were of this nature.
the new york times article incidentally confirms that the fbi investigation into these contacts has so far revealed nothing inappropriate about them, and judging from some irritated comments by some democrats it seems that fbi director comey reported as much to congress yesterday.
i would finish by saying that the information that the previous administration was tapping his phone whilst he was still a candidate was almost certainly provided to the president as a first result of the leaks investigation he has ordered.


text:
This copy shows the entry on 20-Apr-2019 at 17:14:47.
Almshouse with attached wall and outbuilding, dated 1864. Snecked tooled stone with ashlar quoins, dressings and porches; graduated Lakeland slate roof. 1 storey, 5 bays, symmetrical. Bays 2 and 4 have projecting porches with vertical- panelled doors in moulded surrounds with flat-pointed heads and hoodmoulds; coped gables with moulded kneelers and obelisk finials. 2-light recessed chamfered mullioned windows with plate-glass sashes. Above window in central bay THE EVANS ALMSHOVSE/ST DAVID'S DAY with date. Moulded brackets to eaves; gables have moulded kneelers and gabled coping. Stepped and corniced end and 2 ridge stacks.
Set back to right, wall with gabled coping links to gable end of L-plan outbuilding; small boarded opening in chamfered surround. Boarded doors to rear and to small yard.

lowercased:
this copy shows the entry on 20-apr-2019 at 17:14:47.
almshouse with attached wall and outbuilding, dated 1864. snecked tooled stone with ashlar quoins, dressings and porches; graduated lakeland slate roof. 1 storey, 5 bays, symmetrical. bays 2 and 4 have projecting porches with vertical- panelled doors in moulded surrounds with flat-pointed heads and hoodmoulds; coped gables with moulded kneelers and obelisk finials. 2-light recessed chamfered mullioned windows with plate-glass sashes. above window in central bay the evans almshovse/st david's day with date. moulded brackets to eaves; gables have moulded kneelers and gabled coping. stepped and corniced end and 2 ridge stacks.
set back to right, wall with gabled coping links to gable end of l-plan outbuilding; small boarded opening in chamfered surround. boarded doors to rear and to small yard.


text:
CRICOS Provider Code: 00861K. International Student Program.
At Moorabbin Primary School we are committed to our school developed Authentic Inquiry Curriculum which prepares students to be active participants in their learning, as an inquirer both in the classroom and as Global citizens.
We pride ourselves on the pastoral care of all our students. We maintain small classes to enable students to work closely with their classroom teachers who become very familiar with the individual needs of each child and their families. EAL literacy support staff are employed to assist international students with language acquisition.
Moorabbin Primary School is committed to providing, personal and cultural education to its international students, meeting all Department of Education & Training (DET) policies and guidelines in relation to their needs.
The school leadership team are responsible for monitoring all academic progress and welfare of students. International students would have the opportunity to share in the fun of learning English alongside our students and would be able to participate in many whole school, wellbeing and community based activities.
Cultural exchange with local students, buddy programs and special interest activities, such as sport, incursions, excursions, visual arts, performing arts, ICT, Science, Our TERRIFIC Values and student leadership would all be provided to our international students as well as customised special interest/cultural tours when possible.
More information related to the International Student program can be obtained by visiting www.study.vic.gov.au or by contacting the International Education Division.

lowercased:
cricos provider code: 00861k. international student program.
at moorabbin primary school we are committed to our school developed authentic inquiry curriculum which prepares students to be active participants in their learning, as an inquirer both in the classroom and as global citizens.
we pride ourselves on the pastoral care of all our students. we maintain small classes to enable students to work closely with their classroom teachers who become very familiar with the individual needs of each child and their families. eal literacy support staff are employed to assist international students with language acquisition.
moorabbin primary school is committed to providing, personal and cultural education to its international students, meeting all department of education & training (det) policies and guidelines in relation to their needs.
the school leadership team are responsible for monitoring all academic progress and welfare of students. international students would have the opportunity to share in the fun of learning english alongside our students and would be able to participate in many whole school, wellbeing and community based activities.
cultural exchange with local students, buddy programs and special interest activities, such as sport, incursions, excursions, visual arts, performing arts, ict, science, our terrific values and student leadership would all be provided to our international students as well as customised special interest/cultural tours when possible.
more information related to the international student program can be obtained by visiting www.study.vic.gov.au or by contacting the international education division.


text:
See Your Customers Through Data.
Sofie seamlessly integrates with Acquire to give you Smart Insights across marketing channels, merchandise and more.
Clear the clutter with irrelevant data and analytics. Sofie captures the most important microinteractions of the user like Orders, Revenue, New buyers, Cart Abandonments & More.
Sofie’s powerful analytics engine delivers insights, not metrics. With cross-channel analysis of ads and more, Sofie delivers a powerful set of features that truly make the marketer a Hero.
See your key metrics quickly. Apply segments to dig deeper into your data. Quickly get to custom reports and save them to your Acquire dashboard.
Track Your Success. Anytime, Anywhere.
Sofie’s powerful tracking & analytics is built right into your favorite messenger, Facebook. Easily access Sofie on your phone or desktop. All you need is a Facebook Account!

lowercased:
see your customers through data.
sofie seamlessly integrates with acquire to give you smart insights across marketing channels, merchandise and more.
clear the clutter with irrelevant data and analytics. sofie captures the most important microinteractions of the user like orders, revenue, new buyers, cart abandonments & more.
sofie’s powerful analytics engine delivers insights, not metrics. with cross-channel analysis of ads and more, sofie delivers a powerful set of features that truly make the marketer a hero.
see your key metrics quickly. apply segments to dig deeper into your data. quickly get to custom reports and save them to your acquire dashboard.
track your success. anytime, anywhere.
sofie’s powerful tracking & analytics is built right into your favorite messenger, facebook. easily access sofie on your phone or desktop. all you need is a facebook account!


text:
I tend to play it pretty safe when it comes to my lip colours. Most days, I'm a pinky or mauvey neutral kind of a girl and when I want something a little more bold, I'm more likely to go for a deep red or a pretty berry shade, so I don't think that I'm necessarily the target market for a line like the essence Matt Matt Matt Vibrant Shock Lipsticks. However, as soon as I saw them at my local Shoppers Drug Mart, I picked up two of the shades because I felt like I just had to have them, and I'm so glad that I did!
The two shades I decided to go with were shade 10 No To Mainstream - a really vibrant teal - and 11 Rave It Up - a deep vampy but vibrant purple. Also in this collection were two blue shades, a navy and what can only be described as a bright cornflower blue, but I decided to pass on those because, as outside my comfort zone as the two shades I picked up were, the blues were ones I would personally never reach for.
These lipsticks are in the matt matt matt lipstick formula - which is swiftly becoming one of my personal favorites in the drugstore and was a huge selling point for me. With these really bold shades, I think you need something that's going to stay put and not bleed or move around too much, and I think the matt matt matt formula is perfect for that. That said, I actually found that these two shades really performed differently on the lips for me.
I found that when applied to the lips, I got a more uniform coverage from No To Mainstream. It applied really creamy and smooth without me having to do too much work with it, and the formula had just the right balance of creaminess and matte finish. Rave It Up was a little bit harder to work with for me. The shade is gorgeous, but it took a little bit more building up and I noticed that the outer rim of the lips end up coming off a little bit lighter and more pink. This one will definitely require me to find a deep enough lip liner to pair with it. The formula, I found, was also a little bit thinner, with more slip on the lips, which I wasn't a huge fan of.
Overall, I think that for under $5 for one of these really bold, edgy lip colours you can't go wrong with this collection from essence. If you're only going to get one shade, though, I would give a MASSIVE thumbs up to No To Mainstream. Not only is it a more unique shade in itself, but I definitely think it has the superior formula and performance.
I'm not sure if these are still available in stores, but they are still available on the essence website and retail for $4.49CAD.

lowercased:
i tend to play it pretty safe when it comes to my lip colours. most days, i'm a pinky or mauvey neutral kind of a girl and when i want something a little more bold, i'm more likely to go for a deep red or a pretty berry shade, so i don't think that i'm necessarily the target market for a line like the essence matt matt matt vibrant shock lipsticks. however, as soon as i saw them at my local shoppers drug mart, i picked up two of the shades because i felt like i just had to have them, and i'm so glad that i did!
the two shades i decided to go with were shade 10 no to mainstream - a really vibrant teal - and 11 rave it up - a deep vampy but vibrant purple. also in this collection were two blue shades, a navy and what can only be described as a bright cornflower blue, but i decided to pass on those because, as outside my comfort zone as the two shades i picked up were, the blues were ones i would personally never reach for.
these lipsticks are in the matt matt matt lipstick formula - which is swiftly becoming one of my personal favorites in the drugstore and was a huge selling point for me. with these really bold shades, i think you need something that's going to stay put and not bleed or move around too much, and i think the matt matt matt formula is perfect for that. that said, i actually found that these two shades really performed differently on the lips for me.
i found that when applied to the lips, i got a more uniform coverage from no to mainstream. it applied really creamy and smooth without me having to do too much work with it, and the formula had just the right balance of creaminess and matte finish. rave it up was a little bit harder to work with for me. the shade is gorgeous, but it took a little bit more building up and i noticed that the outer rim of the lips end up coming off a little bit lighter and more pink. this one will definitely require me to find a deep enough lip liner to pair with it. the formula, i found, was also a little bit thinner, with more slip on the lips, which i wasn't a huge fan of.
overall, i think that for under $5 for one of these really bold, edgy lip colours you can't go wrong with this collection from essence. if you're only going to get one shade, though, i would give a massive thumbs up to no to mainstream. not only is it a more unique shade in itself, but i definitely think it has the superior formula and performance.
i'm not sure if these are still available in stores, but they are still available on the essence website and retail for $4.49cad.


text:
The Louis Vuitton Alma was named after the Pont de l'Alma, a bridge that connects two fashionable Paris neighborhoods. Crafted from signature and sturdy black epi leather, it features a double zipper that opens to a grey interior with an open pocket, dual-rolled handles, gold-tone hardware, and a subtle LV logo on the front of the bag. This handbag is stylish and sophisticated, and perfect for everyday use.
Overall: This bag has been well cared for. There is a Louis Vuitton lock that is on the zipper but the key is missing.

lowercased:
the louis vuitton alma was named after the pont de l'alma, a bridge that connects two fashionable paris neighborhoods. crafted from signature and sturdy black epi leather, it features a double zipper that opens to a grey interior with an open pocket, dual-rolled handles, gold-tone hardware, and a subtle lv logo on the front of the bag. this handbag is stylish and sophisticated, and perfect for everyday use.
overall: this bag has been well cared for. there is a louis vuitton lock that is on the zipper but the key is missing.


text:
Stretchy side & back panels for better mobility.
Check the images, price & details of Men's UA ColdGear® Reactor Hybrid Vest. Shop Men's Golf tops at Under Armour HK online shop.

lowercased:
stretchy side & back panels for better mobility.
check the images, price & details of men's ua coldgear® reactor hybrid vest. shop men's golf tops at under armour hk online shop.


text:
Attempting to renew cert (crm.goto-technologies.com) from /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/crm.goto-technologies.com.conf produced an unexpected error: Failed authorization procedure. mautic.goto-technologies.com (http-01): urn:ietf:params:acme:error:unauthorized :: The client lacks sufficient authorization :: Invalid response from http://goto-technologies.com/wp-signup.php?new=mautic [174.58.35.155]: "\n\n<html lang=“en-US”>\n\n\n\n<meta charset=“UTF-8”>\n<meta name=“viewport” content=“width=device-width, initial-”. Skipping.
If you use http-01 - validation, Certbot creates a file in /.well-known/acme-challenge, Letsencrypt checks this file. But this subdomain has a redirect to your wp-login, that can’t work.
So you should remove this redirect.
Your two other domains are better: http + crm redirects to https, then a 404, if the file is unknown, this is ok. Same with your main domain.
How are the vHosts and webroots configured? Do you have three different vHosts with three different webroots? If yes, it may be easier if you create three different certificates.
It’s may be easier to split the problems. Or without -i apache, instead --dry-run to create a test-certificate (not installed).
JuergenAuer thanks for replying . I need a simpler explanation for this if it is possible. since I have first issued my certs I have moved to using FPM based apache as I need different versions of PHP. the redirect that I am using for my mautic site is for FPM.
# The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless. # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
there are the apache redirects for FPM. please advice as needed.

lowercased:
attempting to renew cert (crm.goto-technologies.com) from /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/crm.goto-technologies.com.conf produced an unexpected error: failed authorization procedure. mautic.goto-technologies.com (http-01): urn:ietf:params:acme:error:unauthorized :: the client lacks sufficient authorization :: invalid response from http://goto-technologies.com/wp-signup.php?new=mautic [174.58.35.155]: "\n\n<html lang=“en-us”>\n\n\n\n<meta charset=“utf-8”>\n<meta name=“viewport” content=“width=device-width, initial-”. skipping.
if you use http-01 - validation, certbot creates a file in /.well-known/acme-challenge, letsencrypt checks this file. but this subdomain has a redirect to your wp-login, that can’t work.
so you should remove this redirect.
your two other domains are better: http + crm redirects to https, then a 404, if the file is unknown, this is ok. same with your main domain.
how are the vhosts and webroots configured? do you have three different vhosts with three different webroots? if yes, it may be easier if you create three different certificates.
it’s may be easier to split the problems. or without -i apache, instead --dry-run to create a test-certificate (not installed).
juergenauer thanks for replying . i need a simpler explanation for this if it is possible. since i have first issued my certs i have moved to using fpm based apache as i need different versions of php. the redirect that i am using for my mautic site is for fpm.
# the servername directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that # the server uses to identify itself. this is used when creating # redirection urls. in the context of virtual hosts, the servername # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's host: header to # match this virtual host. for the default virtual host (this file) this # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless. # however, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
there are the apache redirects for fpm. please advice as needed.


text:
Behind a triple-double from Kyle Lowry, the Toronto Raptors (15-4) expanded their NBA-best record with a 124-108 win against the Atlanta Hawks (3-15) on Wednesday night.
Lowry posted 21 points, 17 assists, and 12 rebounds while Jonas Valanciunas added a season-high 24 points and 13 rebounds. With the win the Raptors maintained their one-game advantage over the Milwaukee Bucks in the Eastern Conference.
Lowry, the NBA's assist leader, also had the Raptors' most recent triple-double as he had 25 points, 12 assists and 10 rebounds in a 116-112 victory over the Brooklyn Nets on March 23, 2018. The 32-year-old has 11 career triple-doubles with the Raptors (13 overall) while all other players in team history have combined for 12.
The Raptors point guard left the game with 4:09 remaining due to a bloody nose as he nursed the injury with tissues in his nostrils.
Pascal Siakam (22 points) and Serge Ibaka (19 points, nine rebounds) also played pivotal roles in the win.
It was a more decisive victory compared to the team's narrow win over the Orlando Magic on Tuesday night. Danny Green, who made the game-winning shot with 0.5 seconds left against the Magic, posted just six points in Wednesday's triumph.
This win comes on the heels of Kawhi Leonard, the team's leading scorer, missing another backend of back-to-back games. Toronto is 5-1 in games without Leonard this season but Raptors head coach Nick Nurse indicated that the four-time All-Star could soon play on consecutive nights. He missed all but nine games last season due to a quad injury which has led to the Raptors' cautious approach this season.
Thus, the Raptors' four-game, four-city road trip concludes. Toronto will enjoy Thanksgiving on Thursday before returning to action on Friday night against the slumping Washington Wizards at the Air Canada Centre.

lowercased:
behind a triple-double from kyle lowry, the toronto raptors (15-4) expanded their nba-best record with a 124-108 win against the atlanta hawks (3-15) on wednesday night.
lowry posted 21 points, 17 assists, and 12 rebounds while jonas valanciunas added a season-high 24 points and 13 rebounds. with the win the raptors maintained their one-game advantage over the milwaukee bucks in the eastern conference.
lowry, the nba's assist leader, also had the raptors' most recent triple-double as he had 25 points, 12 assists and 10 rebounds in a 116-112 victory over the brooklyn nets on march 23, 2018. the 32-year-old has 11 career triple-doubles with the raptors (13 overall) while all other players in team history have combined for 12.
the raptors point guard left the game with 4:09 remaining due to a bloody nose as he nursed the injury with tissues in his nostrils.
pascal siakam (22 points) and serge ibaka (19 points, nine rebounds) also played pivotal roles in the win.
it was a more decisive victory compared to the team's narrow win over the orlando magic on tuesday night. danny green, who made the game-winning shot with 0.5 seconds left against the magic, posted just six points in wednesday's triumph.
this win comes on the heels of kawhi leonard, the team's leading scorer, missing another backend of back-to-back games. toronto is 5-1 in games without leonard this season but raptors head coach nick nurse indicated that the four-time all-star could soon play on consecutive nights. he missed all but nine games last season due to a quad injury which has led to the raptors' cautious approach this season.
thus, the raptors' four-game, four-city road trip concludes. toronto will enjoy thanksgiving on thursday before returning to action on friday night against the slumping washington wizards at the air canada centre.


text: 描述 Unfortunately, we are currently unable to provide a site description at this time. Either no description is provided by the site owner, or the site wasn't available when we tried to reach it. You can learn more about this site by visiting mimiai.cn.

lowercased: 描述 unfortunately, we are currently unable to provide a site description at this time. either no description is provided by the site owner, or the site wasn't available when we tried to reach it. you can learn more about this site by visiting mimiai.cn.


text:
It's MAC Monday! For this cold January day I have chosen a wintery offering from MAC - the Let's Skate Pro Longwear Paint Pot.
The MAC Paint Pots are creamy eyeshadows that apply as a cream but dry to a shadow. You can apply them with a finger but also blend them with other shadows using a brush. Let's Skate is a perfect icy shade of a pale pink with a gold shimmer running through it.
I bought this last winter and it was the first Paint Pot that I ever bought. Originally I was going to get one of the neutral shades such as Bare Study or Painterly - which are popular to use as an eyeshadow base. But as soon as I saw Let's Skate it was just too pretty to resist!
Originally part of the Glitter and Ice winter limited edition collection, it is now part of the permanent line. It swatches as a pale colour but on the eye it is a really beautiful shadow. It really comes to life when it catches the light - just take a look under some halogen lights to see what I mean!
You can wear Let's Skate alone or under a different shadow to add some sparkle. But when you apply it - work fast! I found that this tends to dry and set quite quickly. So if you want to blend it then you have to do it quickly.
I was a bit worried that the paint pot would crease and crepe on the eye although I was assured that it wouldn't. However, I do find it more prone to that than the Maybelline Color Tattoo 24hr cream shadows that I have, but I think its because it is a slightly drier formula. I always make sure I put on some Urban Decay Primer Potion to minimise this. The wear time is excellent and it lasts all day plus there is no fall out from the glitter either.
I've owned Let's Skate for a year now and it is still going strong. Given it is a cream formula I store mine upside down as I heard this is the best way to stop it drying out.
Let's skate looks great on its own with a slick of gel eyeliner and mascara. For a more dramatic look you can use MAC Satin Taupe eyeshadow in the crease as the purple tones complement the pink tones of Let's Skate really well.
The MAC Pro Longwear Paint Pot in Let's Skate (and other shades) is £15 HERE.
Have you tried Let's Skate or any of the other MAC Paint Pots? Can you recommend any other shades?
That is such a pretty colour!! I can see it being great for a base colour, love the post.
It is gorgeous and the pictures don't show the shimmer in its full beauty. I must use it as a base more often!

lowercased:
it's mac monday! for this cold january day i have chosen a wintery offering from mac - the let's skate pro longwear paint pot.
the mac paint pots are creamy eyeshadows that apply as a cream but dry to a shadow. you can apply them with a finger but also blend them with other shadows using a brush. let's skate is a perfect icy shade of a pale pink with a gold shimmer running through it.
i bought this last winter and it was the first paint pot that i ever bought. originally i was going to get one of the neutral shades such as bare study or painterly - which are popular to use as an eyeshadow base. but as soon as i saw let's skate it was just too pretty to resist!
originally part of the glitter and ice winter limited edition collection, it is now part of the permanent line. it swatches as a pale colour but on the eye it is a really beautiful shadow. it really comes to life when it catches the light - just take a look under some halogen lights to see what i mean!
you can wear let's skate alone or under a different shadow to add some sparkle. but when you apply it - work fast! i found that this tends to dry and set quite quickly. so if you want to blend it then you have to do it quickly.
i was a bit worried that the paint pot would crease and crepe on the eye although i was assured that it wouldn't. however, i do find it more prone to that than the maybelline color tattoo 24hr cream shadows that i have, but i think its because it is a slightly drier formula. i always make sure i put on some urban decay primer potion to minimise this. the wear time is excellent and it lasts all day plus there is no fall out from the glitter either.
i've owned let's skate for a year now and it is still going strong. given it is a cream formula i store mine upside down as i heard this is the best way to stop it drying out.
let's skate looks great on its own with a slick of gel eyeliner and mascara. for a more dramatic look you can use mac satin taupe eyeshadow in the crease as the purple tones complement the pink tones of let's skate really well.
the mac pro longwear paint pot in let's skate (and other shades) is £15 here.
have you tried let's skate or any of the other mac paint pots? can you recommend any other shades?
that is such a pretty colour!! i can see it being great for a base colour, love the post.
it is gorgeous and the pictures don't show the shimmer in its full beauty. i must use it as a base more often!


text:
One bad day on the street and Mike Suznevich concludes that there's something wrong with human kindness: Not enough of it to go around. What can I tell you? The guy drives for a living -- he drives mainly sedans-for-hire -- and he hasn't been doing this for very long. "About a month and a half," he says in a New Jersey accent that makes him sound tougher than he really is. Two incidents in one day left Mike smarting from a compound fracture of his faith in mankind.
Last Wednesday morning, he stopped the car he drives for On-Time Sedan Service at the corner of Light and Pratt, near the Bell Atlantic building. His passenger was a woman who is legally blind.
Visually handicapped Baltimoreans frequently use On-Time because they find the sedan service more reliable, albeit more expensive, than public transportation or cabs. After Mike stopped the car and opened the door, his passenger remained in the car to write a check to cover her fare. Then she gathered up her belongings. Apparently this took more time than a certain city traffic officer wanted to allow.
As his passenger walked off, Mike turned around and the officer handed him a $32 ticket for parking in a no-stopping zone. "She [the officer] didn't warn me, didn't speak to me, didn't say a word," Mike says. "When I tried to explain how my passenger needed time getting out of the car, [the officer] didn't want to hear it. . . . But, that's not all. Let me tell you what happened the same day at the airport, in the afternoon."
"It was hot, it was humid, it was like 100 degrees. The [cabbie] says, 'I don't give. . . . It's my cab stand.' I said, 'What kind of a human being are you? . . .' I say it's 50-50 out there. A 50 percent chance you'll run into someone who cares, 50 percent that you'll run into someone who doesn't." I say he's being optimistic.
What do you think the standard restaurant mark-up of wine is? Two hundred percent over wholesale? Three hundred percent?
Through Labor Day, Spike & Charlie's is offering bottles of wine at -- get this -- just a dollar over cost. The Cathedral Street restaurant and wine bar has come up with a "dog days" list that, management claims, doesn't contain any dogs.
To make sure, I checked with two experts not easily impressed and they were easily impressed. Neither ever heard of a restaurant making such an offer. An Aujoux Beaujolais 1993 for $7 looks good, and one of my consultants likes the $14 bottle of Muller Catoir Riesling Kabinett Halbtrocken 'Mussbacher Eselshaut' 1992, which should get three stars just for its name.
Nick: "Mom, do we have a lawyer?"
Nick: "Because we have a phone, and the TV says if we have a phone we have a lawyer."
"If you have a phone, you have a lawyer" is the time-worn advertisement for Saiontz & Kirk. Put a twist on the phrase -- "If you're a lawyer, you need a phone" -- and you have a possible title for a dispute involving two Baltimore attorneys.
Ronald M. Sharrow and Daniel Cohen are fussing over a phone number. In fact, they've hired lawyers to do the fussing. Cohen and Sharrow, well-known as a pioneer in lawyer advertising, began a contractual association in 1991. Cohen had more than three decades of experience, numerous contacts and clients, and a phone number, 539-0063, of many years.
The phone number was important to Cohen. A phone number is important to all lawyers. "It's your lifeline," one remarked yesterday.
Sharrow's attorney, Richard Rosenthal, says Cohen agreed to relinquish his phone number at the end of this three-year association with the Sharrow law firm. But early this year, Cohen decided not to retire at the end of his stint and to return to private practice on his own. And he wanted to take his more than 30-year-old phone number with him.
No way, said Sharrow. Cohen offered to buy the number back. Sharrow insisted a deal was a deal and went to court to keep Cohen from using 539-0063. Last Friday, Baltimore Circuit Judge Edward J. Angeletti granted Sharrow's request for an injunction, ordered that Cohen no longer use 539-0063 and that it be transferred to Sharrow. This week, a former federal judge, James R. Miller Jr., will serve as arbiter as the two sides hash it out. Meanwhile, if you're looking for Cohen, his number now is 547-0480.
Ah, summer. Late summer. Soon we'll have more zucchini than anyone wants to be associated with.
Write me at: This Just In, 501 N. Calvert St., Baltimore 21278. Or call 332-6166.

lowercased:
one bad day on the street and mike suznevich concludes that there's something wrong with human kindness: not enough of it to go around. what can i tell you? the guy drives for a living -- he drives mainly sedans-for-hire -- and he hasn't been doing this for very long. "about a month and a half," he says in a new jersey accent that makes him sound tougher than he really is. two incidents in one day left mike smarting from a compound fracture of his faith in mankind.
last wednesday morning, he stopped the car he drives for on-time sedan service at the corner of light and pratt, near the bell atlantic building. his passenger was a woman who is legally blind.
visually handicapped baltimoreans frequently use on-time because they find the sedan service more reliable, albeit more expensive, than public transportation or cabs. after mike stopped the car and opened the door, his passenger remained in the car to write a check to cover her fare. then she gathered up her belongings. apparently this took more time than a certain city traffic officer wanted to allow.
as his passenger walked off, mike turned around and the officer handed him a $32 ticket for parking in a no-stopping zone. "she [the officer] didn't warn me, didn't speak to me, didn't say a word," mike says. "when i tried to explain how my passenger needed time getting out of the car, [the officer] didn't want to hear it. . . . but, that's not all. let me tell you what happened the same day at the airport, in the afternoon."
"it was hot, it was humid, it was like 100 degrees. the [cabbie] says, 'i don't give. . . . it's my cab stand.' i said, 'what kind of a human being are you? . . .' i say it's 50-50 out there. a 50 percent chance you'll run into someone who cares, 50 percent that you'll run into someone who doesn't." i say he's being optimistic.
what do you think the standard restaurant mark-up of wine is? two hundred percent over wholesale? three hundred percent?
through labor day, spike & charlie's is offering bottles of wine at -- get this -- just a dollar over cost. the cathedral street restaurant and wine bar has come up with a "dog days" list that, management claims, doesn't contain any dogs.
to make sure, i checked with two experts not easily impressed and they were easily impressed. neither ever heard of a restaurant making such an offer. an aujoux beaujolais 1993 for $7 looks good, and one of my consultants likes the $14 bottle of muller catoir riesling kabinett halbtrocken 'mussbacher eselshaut' 1992, which should get three stars just for its name.
nick: "mom, do we have a lawyer?"
nick: "because we have a phone, and the tv says if we have a phone we have a lawyer."
"if you have a phone, you have a lawyer" is the time-worn advertisement for saiontz & kirk. put a twist on the phrase -- "if you're a lawyer, you need a phone" -- and you have a possible title for a dispute involving two baltimore attorneys.
ronald m. sharrow and daniel cohen are fussing over a phone number. in fact, they've hired lawyers to do the fussing. cohen and sharrow, well-known as a pioneer in lawyer advertising, began a contractual association in 1991. cohen had more than three decades of experience, numerous contacts and clients, and a phone number, 539-0063, of many years.
the phone number was important to cohen. a phone number is important to all lawyers. "it's your lifeline," one remarked yesterday.
sharrow's attorney, richard rosenthal, says cohen agreed to relinquish his phone number at the end of this three-year association with the sharrow law firm. but early this year, cohen decided not to retire at the end of his stint and to return to private practice on his own. and he wanted to take his more than 30-year-old phone number with him.
no way, said sharrow. cohen offered to buy the number back. sharrow insisted a deal was a deal and went to court to keep cohen from using 539-0063. last friday, baltimore circuit judge edward j. angeletti granted sharrow's request for an injunction, ordered that cohen no longer use 539-0063 and that it be transferred to sharrow. this week, a former federal judge, james r. miller jr., will serve as arbiter as the two sides hash it out. meanwhile, if you're looking for cohen, his number now is 547-0480.
ah, summer. late summer. soon we'll have more zucchini than anyone wants to be associated with.
write me at: this just in, 501 n. calvert st., baltimore 21278. or call 332-6166.


text:
Do You Really Know feat. Cyndi G.
You Might Miss Love feat. Cyndi G.
Vocalist, Lead Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Bass Guitar, Other Percussion, Violin, Keyboard, Piano, Background Singer, Harmonica, Flute, Other, Banjo, Mandolin, Fiddle, Dobro, Steel guitar.
Want to form unplugged duo or trio mainly playing originals, with few covers.
Ableton Live 9; Boss1600 hard-disc recorder; KRK Rocket 8's studio monitors; ART pre; Aural Exciter; AKG 414C condenser; Shure 58's; MXL 990 & 991 condenser mics.

lowercased:
do you really know feat. cyndi g.
you might miss love feat. cyndi g.
vocalist, lead guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, other percussion, violin, keyboard, piano, background singer, harmonica, flute, other, banjo, mandolin, fiddle, dobro, steel guitar.
want to form unplugged duo or trio mainly playing originals, with few covers.
ableton live 9; boss1600 hard-disc recorder; krk rocket 8's studio monitors; art pre; aural exciter; akg 414c condenser; shure 58's; mxl 990 & 991 condenser mics.


text:
Countless interpretations of these passages have been offered, and I’m not going to pretend as though I have the definitive interpretation to it either. However, I do believe I have something worthwhile to offer, namely a view which endorses the Law of God and the teaching of His prophets, as well as a necessary change of Law (a “transfiguration” of the Law and the Prophets, so to speak) which must take place when “heaven and earth” are to pass away. But first, we must ask and attempt to answer an obvious question which likely would have crossed the minds of Jesus’ first century Jewish audience.
Why would anyone in Israel think that Jesus came to abolish the Law or the Prophets? Did Jesus come to teach in opposition to “the Law” and the Prophets of God?
So then, what did Jesus mean by “fulfill”?
In order to answer this question, let’s take a quick tour through Matthew’s use of this very word, “fulfill,” in order to see how it is used throughout this Gospel.
Notice that according to Matthew’s own consistent use of this term to “fulfill”, it always occurs alongside citations from the Old Testament Scriptures. Taking that into account, along with it’s more straight-forward literal meaning to “fill full”, one obvious interpretation of what Jesus meant was to embody what was foreshadowed by the Law and the Prophets, thereby “filling full” what was lacking in them. In “The Law” and “The Prophets” of God we find clear illustrations of God’s holiness, loyal-love, righteous indignation, mercy, goodness, long-suffering, patience, and kindness. But did any single Israelite, or even any generation of Israel collectively, ever typify that reality?
Even a cursory glance through Scripture will show that the answer is clearly ‘No’. Israel was given the Law and the Prophets, but every individual Israelite and even Israel collectively was lacking something significant which needed to be filled full.
I realize that many Christians don’t accept this way of viewing the Law or the Prophets. But please bear with me and hear me out.
What was Israel lacking, which the Law and the Prophets could not fill full?
We could also ask, what were the Law and the Prophets lacking?
The answer is actually much more simple than what ordinarily meets the eye. Both the people of Israel, and the Law and the Prophets they had received were lacking the power to raise the dead and grant eternal life and immortality (I Tim 6:16; II Tim 1:10; I Cor 15:53-54; Rom 2:7). Jesus came to accomplish that, once for all time, and even for those righteous saints who had already died (Heb. 11:1-12:2). But in order to do so, the filling full of what they were lacking had to be according to the terms of God’s Law as spoken through His prophets. The Law and prophets functioned as a pedagogy of death, with limited access into the Divine presence. Even the Law itself instructed Israel about an inevitable "time of reformation" which would result in direct access to the Divine presence without fear of death (Heb. 2:14-15; 9:8-10). As long as the "first tent" (the Holy Place) was still standing, the Holy Spirit was indicating that the way into Holy places, where Christ is seated at the right hand of the Father, was not yet opened for the living or the dead. As I have indicated elsewhere in an academic paper, the book of Revelation teaches that after the definitive end of the old covenant administration, with the destruction of Jerusalem and its temple in 70 A.D., that access into Holy places is opened for all, and all the saints who have died in Christ ascend thrones, and they are each given authority over the nations to participate with Jesus in making all things new.
Only the incarnation, death, resurrection, ascension, and vindication of the Son of God could open that way into the heavenly realities of eternal life with God (Heb 8:1-5). Not only did the temple of Jesus' Body have to be destroyed, but the Old Covenant temple and it's whole system of administration needed to be destroyed along with him in order for the New Covenant kingdom to advance throughout the world, uniting heaven and earth together in his Church and thereby colonizing earth with the life of heaven.
So then, in a secondary sense, the Law and the Prophets were not only lacking the power to destroy the power of death, but they were also lacking their promised Messiah, the incarnate Son of God, who alone could accomplish that cosmic task.
This sentence admits of a twofold meaning. …By saying that He has not come to destroy the Law, but to fulfill it, He says that He is going to make it complete by adding what it lacks and that He is going to observe it by doing what it contains. …He does not destroy what He has found in the Law when He supplies what it lacked; on the contrary, He strengthens it by giving it completeness. …For, when one is observing what has been added for the sake of completeness, he is all the more surely observing what has been previously established as the foundation.
Accordingly, it cannot be said that Jesus came to end all usefulness of God’s Law or what his prophets taught. Indeed, the very opposite seems to be the case. Yet, as I mentioned at the beginning of this post, Jesus is not only endorsing the usefulness of God’s Law and the teaching of His prophets. He is also teaching that there will come a time when “heaven and earth" will pass away, and when that occurs there must be a necessary change of Law (a “transfiguration” of the Law and the Prophets, so to speak).
In the next post I will try to bring clarity about when that time would be, and what that implies for Christians today. Here’s a teaser though: That time is not in our future. The first “Heaven and earth” already passed away.

lowercased:
countless interpretations of these passages have been offered, and i’m not going to pretend as though i have the definitive interpretation to it either. however, i do believe i have something worthwhile to offer, namely a view which endorses the law of god and the teaching of his prophets, as well as a necessary change of law (a “transfiguration” of the law and the prophets, so to speak) which must take place when “heaven and earth” are to pass away. but first, we must ask and attempt to answer an obvious question which likely would have crossed the minds of jesus’ first century jewish audience.
why would anyone in israel think that jesus came to abolish the law or the prophets? did jesus come to teach in opposition to “the law” and the prophets of god?
so then, what did jesus mean by “fulfill”?
in order to answer this question, let’s take a quick tour through matthew’s use of this very word, “fulfill,” in order to see how it is used throughout this gospel.
notice that according to matthew’s own consistent use of this term to “fulfill”, it always occurs alongside citations from the old testament scriptures. taking that into account, along with it’s more straight-forward literal meaning to “fill full”, one obvious interpretation of what jesus meant was to embody what was foreshadowed by the law and the prophets, thereby “filling full” what was lacking in them. in “the law” and “the prophets” of god we find clear illustrations of god’s holiness, loyal-love, righteous indignation, mercy, goodness, long-suffering, patience, and kindness. but did any single israelite, or even any generation of israel collectively, ever typify that reality?
even a cursory glance through scripture will show that the answer is clearly ‘no’. israel was given the law and the prophets, but every individual israelite and even israel collectively was lacking something significant which needed to be filled full.
i realize that many christians don’t accept this way of viewing the law or the prophets. but please bear with me and hear me out.
what was israel lacking, which the law and the prophets could not fill full?
we could also ask, what were the law and the prophets lacking?
the answer is actually much more simple than what ordinarily meets the eye. both the people of israel, and the law and the prophets they had received were lacking the power to raise the dead and grant eternal life and immortality (i tim 6:16; ii tim 1:10; i cor 15:53-54; rom 2:7). jesus came to accomplish that, once for all time, and even for those righteous saints who had already died (heb. 11:1-12:2). but in order to do so, the filling full of what they were lacking had to be according to the terms of god’s law as spoken through his prophets. the law and prophets functioned as a pedagogy of death, with limited access into the divine presence. even the law itself instructed israel about an inevitable "time of reformation" which would result in direct access to the divine presence without fear of death (heb. 2:14-15; 9:8-10). as long as the "first tent" (the holy place) was still standing, the holy spirit was indicating that the way into holy places, where christ is seated at the right hand of the father, was not yet opened for the living or the dead. as i have indicated elsewhere in an academic paper, the book of revelation teaches that after the definitive end of the old covenant administration, with the destruction of jerusalem and its temple in 70 a.d., that access into holy places is opened for all, and all the saints who have died in christ ascend thrones, and they are each given authority over the nations to participate with jesus in making all things new.
only the incarnation, death, resurrection, ascension, and vindication of the son of god could open that way into the heavenly realities of eternal life with god (heb 8:1-5). not only did the temple of jesus' body have to be destroyed, but the old covenant temple and it's whole system of administration needed to be destroyed along with him in order for the new covenant kingdom to advance throughout the world, uniting heaven and earth together in his church and thereby colonizing earth with the life of heaven.
so then, in a secondary sense, the law and the prophets were not only lacking the power to destroy the power of death, but they were also lacking their promised messiah, the incarnate son of god, who alone could accomplish that cosmic task.
this sentence admits of a twofold meaning. …by saying that he has not come to destroy the law, but to fulfill it, he says that he is going to make it complete by adding what it lacks and that he is going to observe it by doing what it contains. …he does not destroy what he has found in the law when he supplies what it lacked; on the contrary, he strengthens it by giving it completeness. …for, when one is observing what has been added for the sake of completeness, he is all the more surely observing what has been previously established as the foundation.
accordingly, it cannot be said that jesus came to end all usefulness of god’s law or what his prophets taught. indeed, the very opposite seems to be the case. yet, as i mentioned at the beginning of this post, jesus is not only endorsing the usefulness of god’s law and the teaching of his prophets. he is also teaching that there will come a time when “heaven and earth" will pass away, and when that occurs there must be a necessary change of law (a “transfiguration” of the law and the prophets, so to speak).
in the next post i will try to bring clarity about when that time would be, and what that implies for christians today. here’s a teaser though: that time is not in our future. the first “heaven and earth” already passed away.