text:
It hardly falls within the scope of the present work to detail or discuss the various points concerning the history or statutes of the different British Orders of Knighthood, and still less so of the Foreign Orders. The history of the English Orders alone would make a bulky volume. But it is necessary to treat of the matter to some limited extent, inasmuch as in modern heraldry in every country in Europe additions are made to the armorial achievement whenever it is desired to signify rank in any of the Orders of Knighthood.
Though a large number of the early Plantagenet Garter Stall plates date as far back as the year 1420, it is evident that nothing in the armorial bearings with which they are emblazoned bears any relation to the order of knighthood to which they belonged until the year 1469 or thereabouts, when Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, was elected a Knight of the Garter. His Stall plate, which is of a very exceptional style and character, is the first to bear the garter encircling the shield. It is curious to notice, by the way, that upon the privy seal of the Duke of Burgundy, which shows the same arms depicted upon his Garter plate, the shield is surrounded by the collar, from which depends the badge of the Order of the Golden Fleece, so that it is highly probable that the custom of adding marks of knighthood to a shield came to us from the Continent. The next Garter plate, which shows the garter around the shield, is that of Viscount Lovel, who was elected in 1483; and the shield of the Earl of Derby, who was elected in the same year, also is encircled by the Garter. The Garter itself encircling the shields of knights of that order remained the only mark of knighthood used armorially in this country for a considerable period, though we find that the example was copied in Scotland soon afterwards with regard to the Order of the Thistle. At the commencement of the present Lyon Register, which dates from the year 1672, the arms of the King of Scotland, which are given as such and not as the King of England and Scotland, are described as encircled by the collar of the Order of the Thistle. This probably was used as the equivalent of the garter in England, for we do not find the collar of the Garter, together with the garter itself, or the ribbon circle of the Thistle, together with the collar of that order, until a much later period. The use of collars of knighthood upon the Continent to encircle coats of arms has been from the fifteenth century very general and extensive; examples are to be found at an earlier date; but the encircling of arms with the garter carrying the motto of the order, or with the ribbon (which is termed the circle) and motto of any other order is an entirely English practice, which does not appear to have been copied in any other country. It, of course, arose from the fact that the actual garter as worn by the knight of the order carried the motto of the order, and that by representing the garter round the shield, the motto of the order was of necessity also added. The Lyon Register, however, in the entry of record (dated 1672), states that the shield is "encircled with the Order of Scotland, the same being composed of rue and thistles having the image of St. Andrew with his crosse on his brest yrunto pendent," and it is by no means improbable that occasional instances of the heraldic use of the collar of the garter might be discovered at the same period. But it is not until the later part of the eighteenth century that it obtained anything like a regular use.
During the Hanoverian period it became customary to encircle the shield first with the garter, and that in its turn with the collar of the order whenever it was desired to display the achievement in its most complete style; and though even then, as at the present day, for less elaborate representations the garter only was used without the collar, it still remains correct to display both in a full emblazonment of the arms. An impetus to the practice was doubtless given by the subdivision of the Order of the Bath, which will be presently referred to. In speaking of the garter, the opportunity should be taken to protest strongly against the objectionable practice which has arisen of using a garter to encircle a crest or shield and to carry the family motto. No matter what motto is placed upon the garter, it is both bad form and absolutely incorrect for any one who is not a Knight of the Garter to use a garter in any heraldic display.
A Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter encircles his escutcheon by a representation of the garter he wears. This is a belt of dark blue velvet edged with gold and ornamented with a heavy gold buckle and ornament at the end. It carries the motto of the Order, "Honi soit qui mal y pense," in gold letters of plain Roman character. Anciently the motto was spelled "Hony soit qy mal y pense," as may be noticed from some of the early Garter plates, and the style of the letter was what is now known as "Old English." The garter is worn buckled, with the end tucked under and looped in a specified manner, which is the method also adopted in heraldic representations. It is quite permissible to use the garter alone, but a Knight of the Order is allowed to add outside the garter the representation of the collar of the order. This is of gold, consisting of twenty-six buckled garters enamelled in the correct colour, each surrounding a rose, the garter alternated with gold knots all joined up by chain links of gold. From the collar depends the "George," or figure of St. George on horseback encountering the dragon, enamelled in colours. In heraldic representations it is usual to ignore the specified number of links in the collar. A Knight of the Garter as such is entitled to claim the privilege of a grant of supporters, but as nowadays the order is reserved for those of the rank of earl and upwards, supporters will always have a prior existence in connection with the peerage.
Knights of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle are entitled to surround their arms with a plain circle of green edged with gold and bearing the motto in gold letters, "Nemo me impune lacessit." They are also entitled to surround their arms with the collar of the order, which is of gold, and composed of sprigs of thistle and rue (Andrew) enamelled in their proper colours. From the collar the badge (the figure of St. Andrew) depends.
Knights of the Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick are entitled to surround their arms by a plain circle of sky-blue edged with gold, bearing the motto, "Quis Separabit. MDCCLXXXIII," as enamelled on the star of the order. This is encircled by the collar of the order, which is of "gold, composed of roses and harps alternately, tied together with knots of gold, the said roses enamelled alternately, white leaves within red and red leaves within white; and in the centre of the said collar shall be an Imperial crown surmounting a harp of gold, from which shall hang the badge."
Knights of the Thistle and St. Patrick are entitled as such to claim a grant of supporters on payment of the fees, but these orders are nowadays confined to peers.
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath.—Knights of the Bath, who have existed from a remote period, do not appear as such to have made any additions to their arms prior to the revival of the order in 1725. At that time, similarly to the Orders of the Garter and the Thistle, the order was of one class only and composed of a limited number of knights. Knights of that order were then distinguished by the letters K.B., which, it should be noted, mean Knight of the Bath, and not Knight Bachelor, as so many people now imagine. There is nobody at the present time who is entitled to use these letters. Upon those of the Bath plates which now remain in the chapel of Henry VII. in Westminster Abbey, no instance will be found in which the collar is represented outside the circle, which is pretty good evidence that although isolated examples may possibly be found at an earlier date, it was not the usual custom up to the end of the eighteenth century to encircle a shield with a collar of knighthood. These Knights of the Bath (K.B.), as they were termed, surrounded their escutcheons with circlets of crimson edged with gold, and bearing thereupon the motto of the order, "Tria juncta in uno," in gold letters.
Although at that time it does not appear that the collar of the order was ever employed for armorial purposes, instances are to be found in which the laurel wreath surrounded the circlet with the motto of the order.
In the year 1815, owing to the large number of officers who had merited reward in the Peninsular Campaign, it was considered necessary to largely increase the extent and scope of the order. For this purpose it was divided into two divisions—the Military Division and the Civil Division—and each of these were divided into three classes, namely, Knights Grand Cross (G.C.B.), Knights Commanders (K.C.B.), and Companions (C.B.). The then existing Knights of the Bath became Knights Grand Cross. The existing collar served for all Knights Grand Cross, but the old badge and star were assigned for the civil division of the order, a new pattern being designed for the military division. The number of stalls in Henry VII.'s Chapel being limited, the erection of Stall plates and the display of banners ceased; those then in position were allowed to remain, and still remain at the present moment. Consequently there are no Stall plates to refer to in the matter as precedents since that period, and the rules need to be obtained from other sources. They are now as follows: A Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath surrounds his arms with the circlet as was theretofore the case, and in addition he surrounds the circlet by his collar, from which depends the badge (either military or civil) of the division to which he belongs. The collar is really for practical purposes the distinguishing mark of a Knight Grand Cross, because although as such he is entitled upon payment of the fees to claim a grant of supporters, he is under no compulsion to do so, and comparatively but few avail themselves of the privilege. All Knights of the Bath, before the enlargement of the order, had supporters. A Knight Grand Cross of the military division encircles his arms with the laurel wreath in addition, this being placed outside the circlet and within the collar of the order. The collar is composed of gold having nine Imperial crowns and eight devices of the rose, the thistle, and shamrock issuing from a sceptre placed alternately and enamelled in their proper colours, the links being connected with seventeen knots enamelled white. The badges of the military and civil divisions differ considerably.
Knights Commanders of the Bath have no collar and cannot claim a grant of supporters, but they encircle their shields with the circlet of the order, suspending their badge below the shield by the ribbon from which it is worn. Knights Commanders of the military division use the laurel wreath as do Knights Grand Cross, but no members of any class of the civil division are entitled to display it.
Companions of the order (C.B.) do not use the helmet of a knight as does a G.C.B. or a K.C.B.; in fact, the only difference which is permissible in their arms from those of an undistinguished commoner is that they are allowed to suspend the badge of a C.B. from a ribbon below their shields. They do not use the circlet of the order. Certain cases have come under my notice in which a military C.B. has added a laurel wreath to his armorial bearings, but whether such a practice is correct I am unaware, but I think it is not officially recognised.
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (like the Order of the Bath as at present constituted) is divided into three classes, Knights Grand Commanders, Knights Commanders, and Companions. Knights Grand Commanders place the circlet of the order around their shields. This is of light blue inscribed with the motto, "Heaven's light our guide." This in its turn is surrounded by the collar of the order, which is composed of alternate links of the Indian lotus flower, crossed palm-branches, and the united red and white rose of England. In the centre of the collar is an Imperial crown from which depends the badge of the order, this being an onyx cameo of the effigy of her late Majesty Queen Victoria within the motto of the order, and surmounted by a star, the whole being richly jewelled. The surrounding of the shield by the circlet of the order doubtless is a consequence and follows upon the original custom of the armorial use of the garter, but this being admitted, it is yet permissible to state that that practice came from the Continent, and there is little reason to doubt that the real meaning and origin of the custom of using the circlet is derived from the Continental practice which has for long been usual of displaying the shield of arms upon the star of an order of knighthood. The star of every British order—the Garter included—contains the circlet and motto of the order, and it is easy to see how, after depicting the shield of arms upon the star of the order, the result will be that the circlet of the order surrounds the shield. No armorial warrant upon the point is ever issued at the creation of an order; the thing follows as a matter of course, the circlet being taken from the star to surround the shield without further authorisation. Upon this point there can be no doubt, inasmuch as the garter which surrounds the shield of a K.G. is in all authoritative heraldic paintings buckled in the peculiar manner in which it is worn and in which it is depicted upon the star. The Star of the Thistle shows the plain circlet, the Star of St. Patrick the same, and the arms of a Knight of St. Patrick afford a curious confirmation of my contention, because whilst the motto of the order is specified to be, "Quis separabit," the circlet used for armorial purposes includes the date (MDCCLXXXIII.) as shown upon the star. The Order of the Bath, again, has a plain circlet upon the star, and the badges and stars of the military knights have the laurel wreath represented in heraldic drawings, the laurel wreath being absent from the stars and the shields of those who are members of the civil division. Now with regard to the Order of the Star of India the motto on the star is carried upon a representation of a ribbon which is tied in a curious manner, and my own opinion is that the circlet used to surround the shield of a G.C.S.I. or K.C.S.I. should (as in the case of the garter) be represented not as a simple circlet like the Bath or Thistle, but as a ribbon tied in the curious manner represented upon the star. This tying is not, however, duplicated upon the badge, and possibly I may be told that the circlet and its use are taken from the badge and not from the star. The reply to such a statement is, first, that there is no garter upon the badge of that order, there is no circlet on the badge of the Thistle, and the circlet on the badge of St. Patrick is surrounded by a wreath of trefoils which in that case ought to appear round the shield of a K.P. This wreath of trefoils is absent from the K.P. star. Further, no Companion of an Order is permitted to use the Circlet of the Order, whilst every Companion has his badge. No Companion has a star. Though I hold strongly that the circlet of the Star of India should be a ribbon tied as represented on the star of the order, I must admit I have never yet come across an official instance of it being so represented. This, however, is a point upon which there is no definite warrant of instruction, and is not the conclusion justifiable that on this matter the officers of arms have been led into a mistake in their general practice by an oversight and possible unfamiliarity with the actual star? A Knight Grand Commander is entitled to claim a grant of supporters on payment of the fees. A Knight Commander encircles his shield with the circlet of the order and hangs his badge from a ribbon below, a Companion of the Order simply hangs the badge he wears below his shield.
The Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George.—This order again is divided into three classes—Knights Grand Cross, Knights Commanders, and Companions. Knights Grand Cross place the circlet of the order and the collar with the badge around their shields, and, like other Knights Grand Cross, they are entitled to claim a grant of supporters. The circlet of the order is of blue edged with gold, and bearing in gold letters the motto of the order, "Auspicium melioris ævi." The collar is composed alternately of lions of England, of Maltese crosses, and of the ciphers S.M. and S.G., and having in the centre an Imperial crown over two lions passant guardant, each holding a bunch of seven arrows. At the opposite point of the collar are two similar lions. The whole is of gold except the crosses, which are of white enamel, and the various devices are linked together by small gold chains. Knights Commanders of the Order encircle their shields with a similar circlet of the order, and hang their badges below. A Companion simply suspends his badge from a ribbon below his shield.
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire.—This order is divided into three classes—Knights Grand Commanders, Knights Commanders, and Companions. Knights Grand Commanders and Knights Commanders encircle their shields with the circlet of the order, which is of purple inscribed in letters of gold, with the motto of the order, "Imperatricis auspiciis." The collar of the order, which is used by the Knights Grand Commanders, in addition to the circle, is composed of elephants, lotus flowers, peacocks in their pride, and Indian roses, and in the centre is an Imperial crown, the whole being linked together by chains of gold. Knights Commanders suspend their badges from their shields. Companions are only permitted to suspend their badges from a ribbon, and, as in the cases of the other orders, are not allowed to make use of the circlet of the order.
The Royal Victorian Order is divided into five classes, and is the only British order of which this can be said. There is no collar belonging to the order, so a G.C.V.O. cannot put one round his shield. Knights Grand Cross surround their shields with the circlet of the order, which is of dark blue carrying in letters of gold the motto, "Victoria." Knights Commanders and Commanders also use the circlet, with the badge suspended from the ribbon. Members of the fourth and fifth classes of the Order suspend the badge which they are entitled to wear below their shields. The "Victorian Chain" is quite apart from the Victorian Order, and up to the present time has only been conferred upon a very limited number. It apparently exists by the pleasure of His Majesty, no statutes having been ordained.
The Distinguished Service Order, the Imperial Service Order, and the Order of Merit are each of but one class only, none of them conferring the dignity of knighthood. They rank heraldically with the Companions of the other Orders, and for heraldic purposes merely confer upon those people entitled to the decorations the right to suspend the badges they wear below their shields or lozenges as the case may be, following the rules observed by other Companions. The Victoria Cross, the Albert Medal, the Edward Medal, the Conspicuous Service Cross, the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal, the Royal Red Cross, the Volunteer Officers' Decoration, the Territorial Decoration, and the Decoration of the League of Mercy all rank as decorations. Though none confer any style or precedence of knighthood, those entitled to them are permitted to suspend representations of such decorations as are enjoyed below their shields.
The members of the Orders of Victoria and Albert and of the Crown of India are permitted to display the badges they wear below their lozenges.
Some people, notably in the early part of the nineteenth century, adopted the practice of placing war medals below the escutcheons amongst other decorations. It is doubtful, however, how far this practice is correct, inasmuch as a medal does not technically rank as a decoration or as a matter of honour. That medals are "decorations" is not officially recognised, with the exception, perhaps, of the Jubilee medal, the Diamond Jubilee medal, and the Coronation medal, which have been given a status more of the character of a decoration than of simple medals.
The Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England does not rank with other orders or decorations, inasmuch as it was initiated without Royal intervention, and carries no precedence or titular rank. In 1888, however, a Royal charter of incorporation was obtained, and the distribution of the highest offices of the order in the persons of the Sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and other members of the Royal Family has of late years very much increased its social status. The Order is, however, now recognised to a certain extent, and its insignia is worn at Court by duly appointed authority. The Crown is gradually acquiring a right of veto, which will probably eventually result in the order becoming a recognised honour, of which the gift lies with the Crown. In the charter of incorporation, Knights of Justice and Ladies of Justice were permitted to place as a chief over their arms the augmentation anciently used by knights of the English language of the original Roman Catholic Celibate Order. The chief used is: "Gules, charged with a cross throughout argent, the cross embellished in its angles with lions passant guardant and unicorns passant alternately both or," as in the cross of the order. The omission, which is all the more inexplicable owing to the fact that Garter King of Arms is the officer for the order, that the heraldic provisions of this charter have never been conveyed, as should have been the case, in a Royal Warrant to the Earl Marshal, has caused some confusion, for the officers of the College of Arms, when speaking officially, decline to admit the insignia of the order in any official emblazonment of arms. Lyon King of Arms has been less punctilious.
Knights of Justice, Knights of Grace, and Esquires of the Orders all suspend the badges they wear from a black watered-silk ribbon below their shields (Fig. 334), and Ladies of Justice and Ladies of Grace do the same below their lozenges. The arms of members of the Order are frequently depicted superimposed upon the Cross. By the Statutes of the Order Knights of Justice were required to show that all their four grandparents were legally entitled to bear arms, but so many provisions for the exercise of discretion in dispensing with this requirement were at the same time created that to all intents and purposes such a regulation might never have been included. Some of the Knights of Justice even yet have no arms at all, others are themselves grantees, and still others would be unable to show what is required of them if the claims of their grandparents were properly investigated.
It should perhaps be stated that supporters, when granted to Knights Grand Cross as such, are personal to themselves, and in the patents by which they are granted the grant is made for life only, no hereditary limitation being added.
Any person in this country holding a Royal Licence to wear the insignia of any foreign order is permitted to adopt any heraldic form, decoration, or display which that order confers in the country of origin. Official recognition exists for this, and many precedents can be quoted.
Fig. 772.—"Bailli-profès" of the Catholic Order of the Knights Hospitallers or the Order of Malta.
The rules which exist in foreign countries concerning heraldic privileges of the knights of different orders are very varied, and it is impossible to briefly summarise them. It may, however, be stated that the most usual practice is to display the shield alone in the centre of the star (Fig. 772). As with us, the collars of the orders are placed around the shields, and the badges depend below, but the use of the circlet carrying the motto of the order is exclusively a British practice. In the case of some of the Orders, however, the official coat of arms of the order is quartered, impaled, or borne in pretence with the personal arms, and the cross patée of the Order of the Dannebrog is to be met with placed in front of a shield of quarterings, the charges thereupon appearing in the angles of the cross. I am not sure, however, that the cases which have come under my notice should not be rather considered definite and hereditary grants of augmentation, this being perhaps a more probable explanation than that such a method of display followed as a matter of course on promotion to the order. The Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order quarter the arms of that order with those of their families. The Knights of the Order of St. Stephen of Tuscany bear the arms of that order in chief over their personal arms. Fig. 772 represents the manner in which a "Bailli-profès" (Grand Cross) of the real Catholic and Celibate Order of St. John of Malta places the chief of the order on his shield, the latter being imposed upon a Maltese star (this being white) and the badge of the order depending below. The "Knight-profès" does not use the chief of the order. In the German Protestant Order of Malta (formerly Bailiwick of Brandenburg) the Commendatores place the shield of their arms upon the Cross of Malta. The Knights of Justice ("Richtsritter") on the contrary assume the cross upon the shield itself, whilst the Knights of Grace suspend it from the bottom of the shield. The members of the ancient Order of La Cordelière formerly encircled their lozenges with a representation of the Cordelière, which formed a part of their habit; and the officers of the Ecclesiastical Orders frequently surround their escutcheons with rosaries from which depend crucifixes. Whether this latter practice, however, should be considered merely a piece of artistic decoration, or whether it should be regarded as an ecclesiastical matter or should be included within the purview of armory, I leave others to decide.
By a curious fiction, for the origin of which it is not easy to definitely account, unless it is a survival of the celibacy required in certain orders, a knight is not supposed to share the insignia of any order of knighthood with his wife. There is not the slightest doubt that his own knighthood does confer upon her both precedence and titular rank, and why there should be any necessity for the statement to be made as to the theoretical position has long been a puzzle to me. Such a theory, however, is considered to be correct, and as a consequence in modern times it has become a rigid rule that the arms of the wife of a knight must not be impaled upon a shield when it is displayed within the circlet of an order. No such rule existed in ancient times, and many instances can be found in which impaled shields, or the shield of the wife only, are met with inside a representation of the Garter. In the warrant recently issued for Queen Alexandra the arms of England and Denmark are impaled within a Garter. This may be quite exceptional and consequent upon the fact that Her Majesty is herself a member of the Order. Nevertheless, the modern idea is that when a Knight of any Order impales the arms of his wife, he must use two shields placed accollé, the dexter surmounting the sinister (Fig. 745). Upon the dexter shield is represented the arms of the knight within the circlet, or the circlet and collar, as the case may be, of his order; on the sinister shield the arms of the knight are impaled with those of his wife, and this shield, for the purpose of artistic balance, is usually surrounded with a meaningless and inartistic floral or laurel wreath to make its size similar to the dimensions of the dexter shield.
The widow of a knight of any Order is required at present to immediately discontinue the use of the ensigns of that Order, and to revert to the plain impaled lozenge which she would be entitled to as the widow of an undecorated gentleman. As she retains her titular rank, such a regulation seems absurd, but it undoubtedly exists, and until it is altered must be conformed to.
Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders, as also Knights Bachelors, use the open affronté helmet of a knight. Companions of any order, and members of those orders which do not confer any precedence or title of knighthood, use only the close profile helmet of a gentleman. A Knight Bachelor, of course, is at liberty to impale the arms of his wife upon his escutcheon without employing the double form. It only makes the use of the double escutcheon for Knights of Orders the more incomprehensible.
Reference should also be made to the subject of impalement, which will be found in the chapter upon Marshalling.
This page was last edited on 4 February 2017, at 08:46.

lowercased:
it hardly falls within the scope of the present work to detail or discuss the various points concerning the history or statutes of the different british orders of knighthood, and still less so of the foreign orders. the history of the english orders alone would make a bulky volume. but it is necessary to treat of the matter to some limited extent, inasmuch as in modern heraldry in every country in europe additions are made to the armorial achievement whenever it is desired to signify rank in any of the orders of knighthood.
though a large number of the early plantagenet garter stall plates date as far back as the year 1420, it is evident that nothing in the armorial bearings with which they are emblazoned bears any relation to the order of knighthood to which they belonged until the year 1469 or thereabouts, when charles the bold, duke of burgundy, was elected a knight of the garter. his stall plate, which is of a very exceptional style and character, is the first to bear the garter encircling the shield. it is curious to notice, by the way, that upon the privy seal of the duke of burgundy, which shows the same arms depicted upon his garter plate, the shield is surrounded by the collar, from which depends the badge of the order of the golden fleece, so that it is highly probable that the custom of adding marks of knighthood to a shield came to us from the continent. the next garter plate, which shows the garter around the shield, is that of viscount lovel, who was elected in 1483; and the shield of the earl of derby, who was elected in the same year, also is encircled by the garter. the garter itself encircling the shields of knights of that order remained the only mark of knighthood used armorially in this country for a considerable period, though we find that the example was copied in scotland soon afterwards with regard to the order of the thistle. at the commencement of the present lyon register, which dates from the year 1672, the arms of the king of scotland, which are given as such and not as the king of england and scotland, are described as encircled by the collar of the order of the thistle. this probably was used as the equivalent of the garter in england, for we do not find the collar of the garter, together with the garter itself, or the ribbon circle of the thistle, together with the collar of that order, until a much later period. the use of collars of knighthood upon the continent to encircle coats of arms has been from the fifteenth century very general and extensive; examples are to be found at an earlier date; but the encircling of arms with the garter carrying the motto of the order, or with the ribbon (which is termed the circle) and motto of any other order is an entirely english practice, which does not appear to have been copied in any other country. it, of course, arose from the fact that the actual garter as worn by the knight of the order carried the motto of the order, and that by representing the garter round the shield, the motto of the order was of necessity also added. the lyon register, however, in the entry of record (dated 1672), states that the shield is "encircled with the order of scotland, the same being composed of rue and thistles having the image of st. andrew with his crosse on his brest yrunto pendent," and it is by no means improbable that occasional instances of the heraldic use of the collar of the garter might be discovered at the same period. but it is not until the later part of the eighteenth century that it obtained anything like a regular use.
during the hanoverian period it became customary to encircle the shield first with the garter, and that in its turn with the collar of the order whenever it was desired to display the achievement in its most complete style; and though even then, as at the present day, for less elaborate representations the garter only was used without the collar, it still remains correct to display both in a full emblazonment of the arms. an impetus to the practice was doubtless given by the subdivision of the order of the bath, which will be presently referred to. in speaking of the garter, the opportunity should be taken to protest strongly against the objectionable practice which has arisen of using a garter to encircle a crest or shield and to carry the family motto. no matter what motto is placed upon the garter, it is both bad form and absolutely incorrect for any one who is not a knight of the garter to use a garter in any heraldic display.
a knight of the most noble order of the garter encircles his escutcheon by a representation of the garter he wears. this is a belt of dark blue velvet edged with gold and ornamented with a heavy gold buckle and ornament at the end. it carries the motto of the order, "honi soit qui mal y pense," in gold letters of plain roman character. anciently the motto was spelled "hony soit qy mal y pense," as may be noticed from some of the early garter plates, and the style of the letter was what is now known as "old english." the garter is worn buckled, with the end tucked under and looped in a specified manner, which is the method also adopted in heraldic representations. it is quite permissible to use the garter alone, but a knight of the order is allowed to add outside the garter the representation of the collar of the order. this is of gold, consisting of twenty-six buckled garters enamelled in the correct colour, each surrounding a rose, the garter alternated with gold knots all joined up by chain links of gold. from the collar depends the "george," or figure of st. george on horseback encountering the dragon, enamelled in colours. in heraldic representations it is usual to ignore the specified number of links in the collar. a knight of the garter as such is entitled to claim the privilege of a grant of supporters, but as nowadays the order is reserved for those of the rank of earl and upwards, supporters will always have a prior existence in connection with the peerage.
knights of the most ancient and most noble order of the thistle are entitled to surround their arms with a plain circle of green edged with gold and bearing the motto in gold letters, "nemo me impune lacessit." they are also entitled to surround their arms with the collar of the order, which is of gold, and composed of sprigs of thistle and rue (andrew) enamelled in their proper colours. from the collar the badge (the figure of st. andrew) depends.
knights of the most illustrious order of st. patrick are entitled to surround their arms by a plain circle of sky-blue edged with gold, bearing the motto, "quis separabit. mdcclxxxiii," as enamelled on the star of the order. this is encircled by the collar of the order, which is of "gold, composed of roses and harps alternately, tied together with knots of gold, the said roses enamelled alternately, white leaves within red and red leaves within white; and in the centre of the said collar shall be an imperial crown surmounting a harp of gold, from which shall hang the badge."
knights of the thistle and st. patrick are entitled as such to claim a grant of supporters on payment of the fees, but these orders are nowadays confined to peers.
the most honourable order of the bath.—knights of the bath, who have existed from a remote period, do not appear as such to have made any additions to their arms prior to the revival of the order in 1725. at that time, similarly to the orders of the garter and the thistle, the order was of one class only and composed of a limited number of knights. knights of that order were then distinguished by the letters k.b., which, it should be noted, mean knight of the bath, and not knight bachelor, as so many people now imagine. there is nobody at the present time who is entitled to use these letters. upon those of the bath plates which now remain in the chapel of henry vii. in westminster abbey, no instance will be found in which the collar is represented outside the circle, which is pretty good evidence that although isolated examples may possibly be found at an earlier date, it was not the usual custom up to the end of the eighteenth century to encircle a shield with a collar of knighthood. these knights of the bath (k.b.), as they were termed, surrounded their escutcheons with circlets of crimson edged with gold, and bearing thereupon the motto of the order, "tria juncta in uno," in gold letters.
although at that time it does not appear that the collar of the order was ever employed for armorial purposes, instances are to be found in which the laurel wreath surrounded the circlet with the motto of the order.
in the year 1815, owing to the large number of officers who had merited reward in the peninsular campaign, it was considered necessary to largely increase the extent and scope of the order. for this purpose it was divided into two divisions—the military division and the civil division—and each of these were divided into three classes, namely, knights grand cross (g.c.b.), knights commanders (k.c.b.), and companions (c.b.). the then existing knights of the bath became knights grand cross. the existing collar served for all knights grand cross, but the old badge and star were assigned for the civil division of the order, a new pattern being designed for the military division. the number of stalls in henry vii.'s chapel being limited, the erection of stall plates and the display of banners ceased; those then in position were allowed to remain, and still remain at the present moment. consequently there are no stall plates to refer to in the matter as precedents since that period, and the rules need to be obtained from other sources. they are now as follows: a knight grand cross of the order of the bath surrounds his arms with the circlet as was theretofore the case, and in addition he surrounds the circlet by his collar, from which depends the badge (either military or civil) of the division to which he belongs. the collar is really for practical purposes the distinguishing mark of a knight grand cross, because although as such he is entitled upon payment of the fees to claim a grant of supporters, he is under no compulsion to do so, and comparatively but few avail themselves of the privilege. all knights of the bath, before the enlargement of the order, had supporters. a knight grand cross of the military division encircles his arms with the laurel wreath in addition, this being placed outside the circlet and within the collar of the order. the collar is composed of gold having nine imperial crowns and eight devices of the rose, the thistle, and shamrock issuing from a sceptre placed alternately and enamelled in their proper colours, the links being connected with seventeen knots enamelled white. the badges of the military and civil divisions differ considerably.
knights commanders of the bath have no collar and cannot claim a grant of supporters, but they encircle their shields with the circlet of the order, suspending their badge below the shield by the ribbon from which it is worn. knights commanders of the military division use the laurel wreath as do knights grand cross, but no members of any class of the civil division are entitled to display it.
companions of the order (c.b.) do not use the helmet of a knight as does a g.c.b. or a k.c.b.; in fact, the only difference which is permissible in their arms from those of an undistinguished commoner is that they are allowed to suspend the badge of a c.b. from a ribbon below their shields. they do not use the circlet of the order. certain cases have come under my notice in which a military c.b. has added a laurel wreath to his armorial bearings, but whether such a practice is correct i am unaware, but i think it is not officially recognised.
the most exalted order of the star of india (like the order of the bath as at present constituted) is divided into three classes, knights grand commanders, knights commanders, and companions. knights grand commanders place the circlet of the order around their shields. this is of light blue inscribed with the motto, "heaven's light our guide." this in its turn is surrounded by the collar of the order, which is composed of alternate links of the indian lotus flower, crossed palm-branches, and the united red and white rose of england. in the centre of the collar is an imperial crown from which depends the badge of the order, this being an onyx cameo of the effigy of her late majesty queen victoria within the motto of the order, and surmounted by a star, the whole being richly jewelled. the surrounding of the shield by the circlet of the order doubtless is a consequence and follows upon the original custom of the armorial use of the garter, but this being admitted, it is yet permissible to state that that practice came from the continent, and there is little reason to doubt that the real meaning and origin of the custom of using the circlet is derived from the continental practice which has for long been usual of displaying the shield of arms upon the star of an order of knighthood. the star of every british order—the garter included—contains the circlet and motto of the order, and it is easy to see how, after depicting the shield of arms upon the star of the order, the result will be that the circlet of the order surrounds the shield. no armorial warrant upon the point is ever issued at the creation of an order; the thing follows as a matter of course, the circlet being taken from the star to surround the shield without further authorisation. upon this point there can be no doubt, inasmuch as the garter which surrounds the shield of a k.g. is in all authoritative heraldic paintings buckled in the peculiar manner in which it is worn and in which it is depicted upon the star. the star of the thistle shows the plain circlet, the star of st. patrick the same, and the arms of a knight of st. patrick afford a curious confirmation of my contention, because whilst the motto of the order is specified to be, "quis separabit," the circlet used for armorial purposes includes the date (mdcclxxxiii.) as shown upon the star. the order of the bath, again, has a plain circlet upon the star, and the badges and stars of the military knights have the laurel wreath represented in heraldic drawings, the laurel wreath being absent from the stars and the shields of those who are members of the civil division. now with regard to the order of the star of india the motto on the star is carried upon a representation of a ribbon which is tied in a curious manner, and my own opinion is that the circlet used to surround the shield of a g.c.s.i. or k.c.s.i. should (as in the case of the garter) be represented not as a simple circlet like the bath or thistle, but as a ribbon tied in the curious manner represented upon the star. this tying is not, however, duplicated upon the badge, and possibly i may be told that the circlet and its use are taken from the badge and not from the star. the reply to such a statement is, first, that there is no garter upon the badge of that order, there is no circlet on the badge of the thistle, and the circlet on the badge of st. patrick is surrounded by a wreath of trefoils which in that case ought to appear round the shield of a k.p. this wreath of trefoils is absent from the k.p. star. further, no companion of an order is permitted to use the circlet of the order, whilst every companion has his badge. no companion has a star. though i hold strongly that the circlet of the star of india should be a ribbon tied as represented on the star of the order, i must admit i have never yet come across an official instance of it being so represented. this, however, is a point upon which there is no definite warrant of instruction, and is not the conclusion justifiable that on this matter the officers of arms have been led into a mistake in their general practice by an oversight and possible unfamiliarity with the actual star? a knight grand commander is entitled to claim a grant of supporters on payment of the fees. a knight commander encircles his shield with the circlet of the order and hangs his badge from a ribbon below, a companion of the order simply hangs the badge he wears below his shield.
the most distinguished order of st. michael and st. george.—this order again is divided into three classes—knights grand cross, knights commanders, and companions. knights grand cross place the circlet of the order and the collar with the badge around their shields, and, like other knights grand cross, they are entitled to claim a grant of supporters. the circlet of the order is of blue edged with gold, and bearing in gold letters the motto of the order, "auspicium melioris ævi." the collar is composed alternately of lions of england, of maltese crosses, and of the ciphers s.m. and s.g., and having in the centre an imperial crown over two lions passant guardant, each holding a bunch of seven arrows. at the opposite point of the collar are two similar lions. the whole is of gold except the crosses, which are of white enamel, and the various devices are linked together by small gold chains. knights commanders of the order encircle their shields with a similar circlet of the order, and hang their badges below. a companion simply suspends his badge from a ribbon below his shield.
the most eminent order of the indian empire.—this order is divided into three classes—knights grand commanders, knights commanders, and companions. knights grand commanders and knights commanders encircle their shields with the circlet of the order, which is of purple inscribed in letters of gold, with the motto of the order, "imperatricis auspiciis." the collar of the order, which is used by the knights grand commanders, in addition to the circle, is composed of elephants, lotus flowers, peacocks in their pride, and indian roses, and in the centre is an imperial crown, the whole being linked together by chains of gold. knights commanders suspend their badges from their shields. companions are only permitted to suspend their badges from a ribbon, and, as in the cases of the other orders, are not allowed to make use of the circlet of the order.
the royal victorian order is divided into five classes, and is the only british order of which this can be said. there is no collar belonging to the order, so a g.c.v.o. cannot put one round his shield. knights grand cross surround their shields with the circlet of the order, which is of dark blue carrying in letters of gold the motto, "victoria." knights commanders and commanders also use the circlet, with the badge suspended from the ribbon. members of the fourth and fifth classes of the order suspend the badge which they are entitled to wear below their shields. the "victorian chain" is quite apart from the victorian order, and up to the present time has only been conferred upon a very limited number. it apparently exists by the pleasure of his majesty, no statutes having been ordained.
the distinguished service order, the imperial service order, and the order of merit are each of but one class only, none of them conferring the dignity of knighthood. they rank heraldically with the companions of the other orders, and for heraldic purposes merely confer upon those people entitled to the decorations the right to suspend the badges they wear below their shields or lozenges as the case may be, following the rules observed by other companions. the victoria cross, the albert medal, the edward medal, the conspicuous service cross, the kaisar-i-hind medal, the royal red cross, the volunteer officers' decoration, the territorial decoration, and the decoration of the league of mercy all rank as decorations. though none confer any style or precedence of knighthood, those entitled to them are permitted to suspend representations of such decorations as are enjoyed below their shields.
the members of the orders of victoria and albert and of the crown of india are permitted to display the badges they wear below their lozenges.
some people, notably in the early part of the nineteenth century, adopted the practice of placing war medals below the escutcheons amongst other decorations. it is doubtful, however, how far this practice is correct, inasmuch as a medal does not technically rank as a decoration or as a matter of honour. that medals are "decorations" is not officially recognised, with the exception, perhaps, of the jubilee medal, the diamond jubilee medal, and the coronation medal, which have been given a status more of the character of a decoration than of simple medals.
the order of the hospital of st. john of jerusalem in england does not rank with other orders or decorations, inasmuch as it was initiated without royal intervention, and carries no precedence or titular rank. in 1888, however, a royal charter of incorporation was obtained, and the distribution of the highest offices of the order in the persons of the sovereign, the prince of wales, and other members of the royal family has of late years very much increased its social status. the order is, however, now recognised to a certain extent, and its insignia is worn at court by duly appointed authority. the crown is gradually acquiring a right of veto, which will probably eventually result in the order becoming a recognised honour, of which the gift lies with the crown. in the charter of incorporation, knights of justice and ladies of justice were permitted to place as a chief over their arms the augmentation anciently used by knights of the english language of the original roman catholic celibate order. the chief used is: "gules, charged with a cross throughout argent, the cross embellished in its angles with lions passant guardant and unicorns passant alternately both or," as in the cross of the order. the omission, which is all the more inexplicable owing to the fact that garter king of arms is the officer for the order, that the heraldic provisions of this charter have never been conveyed, as should have been the case, in a royal warrant to the earl marshal, has caused some confusion, for the officers of the college of arms, when speaking officially, decline to admit the insignia of the order in any official emblazonment of arms. lyon king of arms has been less punctilious.
knights of justice, knights of grace, and esquires of the orders all suspend the badges they wear from a black watered-silk ribbon below their shields (fig. 334), and ladies of justice and ladies of grace do the same below their lozenges. the arms of members of the order are frequently depicted superimposed upon the cross. by the statutes of the order knights of justice were required to show that all their four grandparents were legally entitled to bear arms, but so many provisions for the exercise of discretion in dispensing with this requirement were at the same time created that to all intents and purposes such a regulation might never have been included. some of the knights of justice even yet have no arms at all, others are themselves grantees, and still others would be unable to show what is required of them if the claims of their grandparents were properly investigated.
it should perhaps be stated that supporters, when granted to knights grand cross as such, are personal to themselves, and in the patents by which they are granted the grant is made for life only, no hereditary limitation being added.
any person in this country holding a royal licence to wear the insignia of any foreign order is permitted to adopt any heraldic form, decoration, or display which that order confers in the country of origin. official recognition exists for this, and many precedents can be quoted.
fig. 772.—"bailli-profès" of the catholic order of the knights hospitallers or the order of malta.
the rules which exist in foreign countries concerning heraldic privileges of the knights of different orders are very varied, and it is impossible to briefly summarise them. it may, however, be stated that the most usual practice is to display the shield alone in the centre of the star (fig. 772). as with us, the collars of the orders are placed around the shields, and the badges depend below, but the use of the circlet carrying the motto of the order is exclusively a british practice. in the case of some of the orders, however, the official coat of arms of the order is quartered, impaled, or borne in pretence with the personal arms, and the cross patée of the order of the dannebrog is to be met with placed in front of a shield of quarterings, the charges thereupon appearing in the angles of the cross. i am not sure, however, that the cases which have come under my notice should not be rather considered definite and hereditary grants of augmentation, this being perhaps a more probable explanation than that such a method of display followed as a matter of course on promotion to the order. the grand masters of the teutonic order quarter the arms of that order with those of their families. the knights of the order of st. stephen of tuscany bear the arms of that order in chief over their personal arms. fig. 772 represents the manner in which a "bailli-profès" (grand cross) of the real catholic and celibate order of st. john of malta places the chief of the order on his shield, the latter being imposed upon a maltese star (this being white) and the badge of the order depending below. the "knight-profès" does not use the chief of the order. in the german protestant order of malta (formerly bailiwick of brandenburg) the commendatores place the shield of their arms upon the cross of malta. the knights of justice ("richtsritter") on the contrary assume the cross upon the shield itself, whilst the knights of grace suspend it from the bottom of the shield. the members of the ancient order of la cordelière formerly encircled their lozenges with a representation of the cordelière, which formed a part of their habit; and the officers of the ecclesiastical orders frequently surround their escutcheons with rosaries from which depend crucifixes. whether this latter practice, however, should be considered merely a piece of artistic decoration, or whether it should be regarded as an ecclesiastical matter or should be included within the purview of armory, i leave others to decide.
by a curious fiction, for the origin of which it is not easy to definitely account, unless it is a survival of the celibacy required in certain orders, a knight is not supposed to share the insignia of any order of knighthood with his wife. there is not the slightest doubt that his own knighthood does confer upon her both precedence and titular rank, and why there should be any necessity for the statement to be made as to the theoretical position has long been a puzzle to me. such a theory, however, is considered to be correct, and as a consequence in modern times it has become a rigid rule that the arms of the wife of a knight must not be impaled upon a shield when it is displayed within the circlet of an order. no such rule existed in ancient times, and many instances can be found in which impaled shields, or the shield of the wife only, are met with inside a representation of the garter. in the warrant recently issued for queen alexandra the arms of england and denmark are impaled within a garter. this may be quite exceptional and consequent upon the fact that her majesty is herself a member of the order. nevertheless, the modern idea is that when a knight of any order impales the arms of his wife, he must use two shields placed accollé, the dexter surmounting the sinister (fig. 745). upon the dexter shield is represented the arms of the knight within the circlet, or the circlet and collar, as the case may be, of his order; on the sinister shield the arms of the knight are impaled with those of his wife, and this shield, for the purpose of artistic balance, is usually surrounded with a meaningless and inartistic floral or laurel wreath to make its size similar to the dimensions of the dexter shield.
the widow of a knight of any order is required at present to immediately discontinue the use of the ensigns of that order, and to revert to the plain impaled lozenge which she would be entitled to as the widow of an undecorated gentleman. as she retains her titular rank, such a regulation seems absurd, but it undoubtedly exists, and until it is altered must be conformed to.
knights grand cross and knights commanders, as also knights bachelors, use the open affronté helmet of a knight. companions of any order, and members of those orders which do not confer any precedence or title of knighthood, use only the close profile helmet of a gentleman. a knight bachelor, of course, is at liberty to impale the arms of his wife upon his escutcheon without employing the double form. it only makes the use of the double escutcheon for knights of orders the more incomprehensible.
reference should also be made to the subject of impalement, which will be found in the chapter upon marshalling.
this page was last edited on 4 february 2017, at 08:46.


text:
Refine your search of 46 storage facilities in Roanoke.
Over 1,608 people in Roanoke found storage with selfstorage.com.
11 units reserved in Roanoke, Virginia yesterday. Reserve now to secure your unit.
Discounts for military, first responders and educators!
1st 2 months - 1/2 price!
Only 1 left of this size! Book Today!
$1 for the 1st month, with prepayment of the 2nd!
How does self-storage in Roanoke work?
When looking at pricing for storage units in Roanoke, it’s important to think about rental rates in terms of price for value. Sometimes, the cheapest storage unit doesn’t always mean it’s the best unit for YOUR needs.
If you're looking for a cheap 5x5 unit in Roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $31.00 unit at Bypass Mini Storage.
If you're looking for a cheap 10x10 unit in Roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $56.00 unit at Bypass Mini Storage.
If you're looking for a cheap 10x15 unit in Roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $105.00 unit at Hide Away Self Storage of Blue Ridge.
If you're looking for a cheap 10x20 unit in Roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $111.00 unit at Bypass Mini Storage.
How does self-storage in Roanoke compare to nearby Virginia cities?
Blacksburg Self-Storage: SelfStorage.com has 80 storage facilities in Blacksburg. View them.
Lynchburg Self-Storage: With an average price of $91.00, self-storage is cheaper than in Roanoke. SelfStorage.com has 38 storage facilities in Lynchburg. View them.

lowercased:
refine your search of 46 storage facilities in roanoke.
over 1,608 people in roanoke found storage with selfstorage.com.
11 units reserved in roanoke, virginia yesterday. reserve now to secure your unit.
discounts for military, first responders and educators!
1st 2 months - 1/2 price!
only 1 left of this size! book today!
$1 for the 1st month, with prepayment of the 2nd!
how does self-storage in roanoke work?
when looking at pricing for storage units in roanoke, it’s important to think about rental rates in terms of price for value. sometimes, the cheapest storage unit doesn’t always mean it’s the best unit for your needs.
if you're looking for a cheap 5x5 unit in roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $31.00 unit at bypass mini storage.
if you're looking for a cheap 10x10 unit in roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $56.00 unit at bypass mini storage.
if you're looking for a cheap 10x15 unit in roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $105.00 unit at hide away self storage of blue ridge.
if you're looking for a cheap 10x20 unit in roanoke, you'll get the best value by renting a $111.00 unit at bypass mini storage.
how does self-storage in roanoke compare to nearby virginia cities?
blacksburg self-storage: selfstorage.com has 80 storage facilities in blacksburg. view them.
lynchburg self-storage: with an average price of $91.00, self-storage is cheaper than in roanoke. selfstorage.com has 38 storage facilities in lynchburg. view them.


text:
category AOBC , ARAY , EDU , and 13 more.
category DIN , ARAY , AOBC , and 28 more.
category SPWR , Top Gainers , CBL , and 92 more.
category THR , SBBP , NMIH , and 73 more.
category DECK , TD , SPLK , and 37 more.
category THR , Benzinga , News , and 3 more.
category NUAN , RXII , PETX , and 43 more.
category FOLD , AMGN , CTMX , and 21 more.
category NM , Biotechnology , CIEN , and 24 more.
category RGLS , APOP , PRTK , and 20 more.
category PLUS , CPRT , SPTN , and 37 more.
category TNC , ROA , Trading Ideas , and 6 more.
category News , PLKI , ROLL , and 24 more.
category R/ Scott Graham , THR , Benzinga , and 4 more.
category 2014 Year in Review , Health Care , THR , and 10 more.
category AVGO , Movies & Entertainment , BLOX , and 34 more.
category Movers , BFB , SCTY , and 17 more.
category Global , Earnings , GA , and 17 more.
category UHAL , Pre/Market Outlook , FCEL , and 22 more.
category NOK , THR , CTB , and 4 more.
category MOD , BYD , VSH , and 16 more.

lowercased:
category aobc , aray , edu , and 13 more.
category din , aray , aobc , and 28 more.
category spwr , top gainers , cbl , and 92 more.
category thr , sbbp , nmih , and 73 more.
category deck , td , splk , and 37 more.
category thr , benzinga , news , and 3 more.
category nuan , rxii , petx , and 43 more.
category fold , amgn , ctmx , and 21 more.
category nm , biotechnology , cien , and 24 more.
category rgls , apop , prtk , and 20 more.
category plus , cprt , sptn , and 37 more.
category tnc , roa , trading ideas , and 6 more.
category news , plki , roll , and 24 more.
category r/ scott graham , thr , benzinga , and 4 more.
category 2014 year in review , health care , thr , and 10 more.
category avgo , movies & entertainment , blox , and 34 more.
category movers , bfb , scty , and 17 more.
category global , earnings , ga , and 17 more.
category uhal , pre/market outlook , fcel , and 22 more.
category nok , thr , ctb , and 4 more.
category mod , byd , vsh , and 16 more.


text:
Top running bridge crane is the most common and flexible bridge crane type. Certex sells and mounts top running bridge cranes up to 250 ton. Top running bridge crane needs less room then other bridge cranes. Different design solutions ensure suitability to all types of spaces. According to the needed lifting height and load limit there are options of one beamed and two beamed cranes.
According to the style of work and needed lifting height you can choose between chain or wirerope electric hoist.
To find the most suitable solution connect our crane department.

lowercased:
top running bridge crane is the most common and flexible bridge crane type. certex sells and mounts top running bridge cranes up to 250 ton. top running bridge crane needs less room then other bridge cranes. different design solutions ensure suitability to all types of spaces. according to the needed lifting height and load limit there are options of one beamed and two beamed cranes.
according to the style of work and needed lifting height you can choose between chain or wirerope electric hoist.
to find the most suitable solution connect our crane department.


text:
I really like Flipgrid. It’s easy to use. It’s collaborative. It’s visual. It works across all platforms.
Yup. It’s free. And not in the lower tier, fewer options, not as powerful or cool, I can’t afford the Paid version so I’m using the crappy version kind of free. Free as in . . . totally free to access all of the cool, up until a week ago it used to cost money features.
So now I really like Flipgrid.
Here’s the deal. There used to be several versions of Flipgrid. A free version and two expensive versions. And while you could do some really cool stuff with the free, less featured version, the paid versions were so much cooler. As in: you got unlimited grids, unlimited topics, more choices on video length, responses to videos, and replies to those responses. You could move and duplicate grid structure and content. Embed fully-functional grids into other environments such as an LMS or class websites. Assess, document, and provide quantitative and qualitative feedback to individual students in a private, simple way.
You know . . . all the cool stuff. But it cost money.
A few weeks ago, I got hooked back into Flipgrid. I joined several years ago and messed with it a bit. Talked with others about it. Used it a few times. And then, like a lot of the new tools I get the chance to play with, I threw it on the pile with the rest on the Island of Misfit Toys.
Not that it was broken. Some other shiny thing caught my attention and I moved on.
Then last month I needed something quick, easy, and fun to use with a group of elementary teachers for a reflection activity. So . . . Flipgrid. And it was awesome. I’m back.
You may have already made the switch. If you have, quietly move along. You’re probably happy with EdPuzzle and there’s nothing to see here.
That leaves two kinds of people. Those of you still be looking for that perfect Zaption replacement. And those of you who never went down the Zaption road at all and have no idea what we’re talking about.
At its most basic level, Zaption was a way for you to take a video clip from a variety of sources including YouTube, Vimeo clip, Khan Academy, and other educational video outlets and add interactive elements such as multiple choice questions, open response boxes, text, images, and drawings. Students responded to the elements you embedded. You tracked their responses using Zaption’s analytics feature. Everybody was happy.
You should have noticed the past verb tense going on. Zaption was a great tool for annotating videos and embedding formative / summative assessments tools into video clips. It was a great example of a push / pull edtech tool – giving teachers a way to push content and assessment out to students and a way for teachers to pull in work back from students.
But Zaption no longer exists, having sold out to something called Workday. No idea what Workday does but what it means for Zaption users is that a very cool tool won’t be available after September 30.

lowercased:
i really like flipgrid. it’s easy to use. it’s collaborative. it’s visual. it works across all platforms.
yup. it’s free. and not in the lower tier, fewer options, not as powerful or cool, i can’t afford the paid version so i’m using the crappy version kind of free. free as in . . . totally free to access all of the cool, up until a week ago it used to cost money features.
so now i really like flipgrid.
here’s the deal. there used to be several versions of flipgrid. a free version and two expensive versions. and while you could do some really cool stuff with the free, less featured version, the paid versions were so much cooler. as in: you got unlimited grids, unlimited topics, more choices on video length, responses to videos, and replies to those responses. you could move and duplicate grid structure and content. embed fully-functional grids into other environments such as an lms or class websites. assess, document, and provide quantitative and qualitative feedback to individual students in a private, simple way.
you know . . . all the cool stuff. but it cost money.
a few weeks ago, i got hooked back into flipgrid. i joined several years ago and messed with it a bit. talked with others about it. used it a few times. and then, like a lot of the new tools i get the chance to play with, i threw it on the pile with the rest on the island of misfit toys.
not that it was broken. some other shiny thing caught my attention and i moved on.
then last month i needed something quick, easy, and fun to use with a group of elementary teachers for a reflection activity. so . . . flipgrid. and it was awesome. i’m back.
you may have already made the switch. if you have, quietly move along. you’re probably happy with edpuzzle and there’s nothing to see here.
that leaves two kinds of people. those of you still be looking for that perfect zaption replacement. and those of you who never went down the zaption road at all and have no idea what we’re talking about.
at its most basic level, zaption was a way for you to take a video clip from a variety of sources including youtube, vimeo clip, khan academy, and other educational video outlets and add interactive elements such as multiple choice questions, open response boxes, text, images, and drawings. students responded to the elements you embedded. you tracked their responses using zaption’s analytics feature. everybody was happy.
you should have noticed the past verb tense going on. zaption was a great tool for annotating videos and embedding formative / summative assessments tools into video clips. it was a great example of a push / pull edtech tool – giving teachers a way to push content and assessment out to students and a way for teachers to pull in work back from students.
but zaption no longer exists, having sold out to something called workday. no idea what workday does but what it means for zaption users is that a very cool tool won’t be available after september 30.


text:
Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted for review the Biologics License Application (BLA) for bivalent recombinant LP2086 (rLP2086), the company’s vaccine candidate for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B in 10 through 25 year olds. The FDA has also granted Priority Review designation for the BLA, providing an anticipated Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) action date of February 14, 2015.
Pfizer is conducting a global clinical development program for bivalent rLP2086, which includes both Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials evaluating more than 20,000 participants, approximately 14,000 of whom will receive the investigational vaccine.3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 The Phase 3 program began in November 2012 with the initiation of a large scale safety study. Additional immunogenicity and safety studies are also ongoing.
DISCLOSURE NOTICE: The information contained in this release is as of August 14, 2014. Pfizer assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements contained in this release as the result of new information or future events or developments.
This release contains forward-looking information about a product candidate, bivalent rLP2086, including its potential benefits, that involves substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. Risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including the ability to meet anticipated clinical trial completion dates and regulatory submission dates, as well as the possibility of unfavorable clinical trial results; whether and when any biologics license applications may be filed in any other jurisdictions for bivalent rLP2086; whether and when the BLA or any such other applications may be approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, which will depend on the assessment by such regulatory authorities of the benefit-risk profile suggested by the totality of the efficacy and safety information submitted; decisions by the FDA and other regulatory authorities regarding labeling and other matters that could affect the availability or commercial potential of rLP2086; and competitive developments.
A further description of risks and uncertainties can be found in Pfizer’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 and in our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q, including in the sections thereof captioned “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Information That May Affect Future Results,” as well as in its subsequent reports on Form 8-K, all of which are filed with the SEC and available at www.sec.gov andwww.pfizer.com.
1 Murphy E, et al. Sequence diversity of the Factor H binding protein vaccine candidate in epidemiologically relevant strains of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. J Infect Dis. 2009; 200: 379-389.
2 McNeil LK, Zagursky RJ, Lin SL, et al. Role of Factor H Binding Protein in Neisseria meningitidis Virulence and Its Potential as a Vaccine Candidate to Broadly Protect Against Meningococcal Disease. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2013; 77(2): 234- 252.
3 ClinicalTrials.gov. A Trial to Assess the Lot Consistency, Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Bivalent rLP2086 Vaccine When Given to Healthy Subjects Aged ≥10 to <19 Years.http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01830855?term=B1971009&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
4 ClinicalTrials.gov. A Global Phase 3 Safety Study of 120 mcg rLP2086 Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 10 to 25 Years. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01352793?term=B1971014&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
5 ClinicalTrials.gov. A Clinical Trial to Study the Safety, Tolerance and Immunogenic Response to MCV4, Tdap and Bivalent rLP2086 Vaccine When Given at the Same Time to Children Between the Ages of 10 Through 12 Years of Age. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01461980?term=B1971015&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
6 ClinicalTrials.gov. A Trial To Assess The Safety, Tolerability, And Immunogenicity Of Rlp2086 Vaccine When Administered In Either 2- Or 3-Dose Regimens In Healthy Subjects Aged ≥11 To <19 Years. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01299480?term=B1971012&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
7 ClinicalTrials.gov. A Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Repevax® and rLP2086 Vaccine When Given Together in Healthy Subjects Aged >=11 to <19 Years.http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01323270?term=B1971010&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
8 ClincalTrials.gov. A Study Evaluating Safety And Immunogenicity Of Meningococcal B Rlp2086 Vaccine In Adolescents. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00808028?term=B1971005&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
9 ClinicalTrials.gov. A Clinical Trial to Study the Safety, Tolerance and Immunogenic Response to Gardasil and Bivalent rLP2086 Vaccine When Given at the Same Time to Children Between the Ages of 11 and 17. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01461993?term=B1971011&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
10 ClinicalTrials.gov. A Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Bivalent rLP2086 Vaccine When Given to Healthy Young Adults Aged >=18 to <26 Years. (B1971016).http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01352845?term=B1971016&rank=1. Accessed July 8, 2014.
11 Richmond PC, Marshall HS, Nissen MD, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and tolerability of meningococcal serogroup B (MnB) bivalent rLP2086 vaccine in healthy adolescents: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012; 12(8): 597-607. Published online ahead of print May 2012.

lowercased:
pfizer inc. (nyse:pfe) announced today that the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) has accepted for review the biologics license application (bla) for bivalent recombinant lp2086 (rlp2086), the company’s vaccine candidate for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by neisseria meningitidis serogroup b in 10 through 25 year olds. the fda has also granted priority review designation for the bla, providing an anticipated prescription drug user fee act (pdufa) action date of february 14, 2015.
pfizer is conducting a global clinical development program for bivalent rlp2086, which includes both phase 2 and phase 3 trials evaluating more than 20,000 participants, approximately 14,000 of whom will receive the investigational vaccine.3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 the phase 3 program began in november 2012 with the initiation of a large scale safety study. additional immunogenicity and safety studies are also ongoing.
disclosure notice: the information contained in this release is as of august 14, 2014. pfizer assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements contained in this release as the result of new information or future events or developments.
this release contains forward-looking information about a product candidate, bivalent rlp2086, including its potential benefits, that involves substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including the ability to meet anticipated clinical trial completion dates and regulatory submission dates, as well as the possibility of unfavorable clinical trial results; whether and when any biologics license applications may be filed in any other jurisdictions for bivalent rlp2086; whether and when the bla or any such other applications may be approved by the fda or other regulatory authorities, which will depend on the assessment by such regulatory authorities of the benefit-risk profile suggested by the totality of the efficacy and safety information submitted; decisions by the fda and other regulatory authorities regarding labeling and other matters that could affect the availability or commercial potential of rlp2086; and competitive developments.
a further description of risks and uncertainties can be found in pfizer’s annual report on form 10-k for the fiscal year ended december 31, 2013 and in our subsequent reports on form 10-q, including in the sections thereof captioned “risk factors” and “forward-looking information that may affect future results,” as well as in its subsequent reports on form 8-k, all of which are filed with the sec and available at www.sec.gov andwww.pfizer.com.
1 murphy e, et al. sequence diversity of the factor h binding protein vaccine candidate in epidemiologically relevant strains of serogroup b neisseria meningitidis. j infect dis. 2009; 200: 379-389.
2 mcneil lk, zagursky rj, lin sl, et al. role of factor h binding protein in neisseria meningitidis virulence and its potential as a vaccine candidate to broadly protect against meningococcal disease. microbiol. mol. biol. rev. 2013; 77(2): 234- 252.
3 clinicaltrials.gov. a trial to assess the lot consistency, safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of bivalent rlp2086 vaccine when given to healthy subjects aged ≥10 to <19 years.http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01830855?term=b1971009&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
4 clinicaltrials.gov. a global phase 3 safety study of 120 mcg rlp2086 vaccine in adolescents and young adults aged 10 to 25 years. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01352793?term=b1971014&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
5 clinicaltrials.gov. a clinical trial to study the safety, tolerance and immunogenic response to mcv4, tdap and bivalent rlp2086 vaccine when given at the same time to children between the ages of 10 through 12 years of age. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01461980?term=b1971015&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
6 clinicaltrials.gov. a trial to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of rlp2086 vaccine when administered in either 2- or 3-dose regimens in healthy subjects aged ≥11 to <19 years. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01299480?term=b1971012&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
7 clinicaltrials.gov. a trial to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of repevax® and rlp2086 vaccine when given together in healthy subjects aged >=11 to <19 years.http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01323270?term=b1971010&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
8 clincaltrials.gov. a study evaluating safety and immunogenicity of meningococcal b rlp2086 vaccine in adolescents. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct00808028?term=b1971005&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
9 clinicaltrials.gov. a clinical trial to study the safety, tolerance and immunogenic response to gardasil and bivalent rlp2086 vaccine when given at the same time to children between the ages of 11 and 17. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01461993?term=b1971011&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
10 clinicaltrials.gov. a trial to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of bivalent rlp2086 vaccine when given to healthy young adults aged >=18 to <26 years. (b1971016).http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct01352845?term=b1971016&rank=1. accessed july 8, 2014.
11 richmond pc, marshall hs, nissen md, et al. safety, immunogenicity, and tolerability of meningococcal serogroup b (mnb) bivalent rlp2086 vaccine in healthy adolescents: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. lancet infect dis. 2012; 12(8): 597-607. published online ahead of print may 2012.


text: KAGGA has a committed core Team of 45 Qualified professional Engineers, Technicians and Support staff. Occasionally we supplement our strength and expertise with contract staff and partnership with other local and international firms. KAGGA provides innovative services of technical excellence focusing on meeting or exceeding the Clients' expectations. Our stakeholder engagement throughout the project cycle results into sustainable solutions meeting social and environmental concerns.

lowercased: kagga has a committed core team of 45 qualified professional engineers, technicians and support staff. occasionally we supplement our strength and expertise with contract staff and partnership with other local and international firms. kagga provides innovative services of technical excellence focusing on meeting or exceeding the clients' expectations. our stakeholder engagement throughout the project cycle results into sustainable solutions meeting social and environmental concerns.


text:
Upbeat on plans: Girija Pande of TCS says the company’s revenues from its Chinese operations will grow by around 45% in the next two years.
Hyderabad: With business from the US and Europe expected to decrease due to the ongoing financial turmoil, Indian information technology services (IT) firms are increasing their focus on the Asia Pacific region, particularly China, in an effort to tap the latter’s IT market and use it as a strategic base to enter the at least $100 billion (Rs4.76 trillion)-a-year Japanese IT market.
Business from the US and Europe together account for between 80% and 95% of revenues of the top five Indian IT services firms, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd or TCS, Infosys Technologies Ltd, Wipro Ltd, Satyam Computer Services Ltd and HCL Technologies Ltd.
Market research firm IDC estimates the Chinese IT services market to reach at least $55 billion by 2010.
TCS entered China in 2002 with a software development and delivery center. While its initial objective was to serve its global clients having Chinese operations, the company has now started addressing the regional and local market. Currently, it has 1,300 employees working in China. In its latest annual report, TCS said its China operations had managed to break even.
According to Girija Pande, executive vice-president and head of Asia Pacific division at TCS, the Chinese IT market is growing by at least 20% annually and revenue from the company’s Chinese operations will grow by around 45% in the next two years.
“In the short term, we will be expanding our presence and increasing the headcount to at least 5,000 by 2011," said Pande.
Similarly, Infosys has a 1,000-strong workforce in China and said it is in expansion mode. “We have expanded our operations in two cities Shanghai and Hangzhou," a company spokesperson said in an email response. The company’s Chinese subsidiaries, however, were still loss-making as on 30 September, according to the company’s second quarter results.
Satyam admitted it is yet to make significant headway with its China operations but said it is in expansion mode with an eye on the long-term.
The company currently employs around 1,000 people in its two subsidiaries in China and plans to scale up headcount to nearly 2,000 by 2010. It is also investing in a training centre in China, which will have a capacity of at least 2,500 by 2010.
“It is still a mystery why Indian companies have not been able to get any significant share of outsourced work from China and Japan," said Virender Aggarwal, head of rest of the world operations for Satyam.
Analysts acknowledge that China has been a rather difficult market for a variety of reasons.
“So far, the Chinese domestic market has been one that is difficult to engage, primarily because of state and public sector dominance," said Milan Sheth, partner and head of IT outsourcing advisory at audit and consulting firm Ernst and Young. “It is critical to have a well connected and established Chinese local partner who can help penetrate that market," he said.
TCS said it views China as a better base to address the Japanese market. “A significant share of outsourced work from the Japanese market is cornered by Chinese companies, as they have a relative cultural and linguistic advantage over their Indian counterparts. We see being present in China as the first step in building the right relationships," said Pande.
Both TCS and Satyam are betting on local talent to succeed in their Chinese operations and help the company better address the local market as well as help build bridges with Japanese companies. At least 90% of TCS’ workforce in China comprises local hires.
Nasscom’s Som Mittal said that the size of the Japanese IT market and the potential for outsourcing presents a huge opportunity for Indian IT firms, but, he added that the market has been relatively insulated due to language and cultural barriers. “However, we see an increasing desire among Japanese companies for sourcing competitively priced IT services from foreign companies. More importantly, the factors limiting market penetration by Indian companies are being recognized and addressed by the Japanese themselves."
Nasscom has set up a Japan desk to explore ways for Indian IT companies to adapt themselves to compete more effectively in the Japanese market.
Both China and Japan are long-term plays, said experts.
“It is very important for Indian IT companies to understand that investments in the Chinese market should be done with a long term view. Given the nature of that market, it is unrealistic to expect quick turnarounds," Sheth said.
Wipro and HCL did not respond to queries on their China and Japan strategy.

lowercased:
upbeat on plans: girija pande of tcs says the company’s revenues from its chinese operations will grow by around 45% in the next two years.
hyderabad: with business from the us and europe expected to decrease due to the ongoing financial turmoil, indian information technology services (it) firms are increasing their focus on the asia pacific region, particularly china, in an effort to tap the latter’s it market and use it as a strategic base to enter the at least $100 billion (rs4.76 trillion)-a-year japanese it market.
business from the us and europe together account for between 80% and 95% of revenues of the top five indian it services firms, tata consultancy services ltd or tcs, infosys technologies ltd, wipro ltd, satyam computer services ltd and hcl technologies ltd.
market research firm idc estimates the chinese it services market to reach at least $55 billion by 2010.
tcs entered china in 2002 with a software development and delivery center. while its initial objective was to serve its global clients having chinese operations, the company has now started addressing the regional and local market. currently, it has 1,300 employees working in china. in its latest annual report, tcs said its china operations had managed to break even.
according to girija pande, executive vice-president and head of asia pacific division at tcs, the chinese it market is growing by at least 20% annually and revenue from the company’s chinese operations will grow by around 45% in the next two years.
“in the short term, we will be expanding our presence and increasing the headcount to at least 5,000 by 2011," said pande.
similarly, infosys has a 1,000-strong workforce in china and said it is in expansion mode. “we have expanded our operations in two cities shanghai and hangzhou," a company spokesperson said in an email response. the company’s chinese subsidiaries, however, were still loss-making as on 30 september, according to the company’s second quarter results.
satyam admitted it is yet to make significant headway with its china operations but said it is in expansion mode with an eye on the long-term.
the company currently employs around 1,000 people in its two subsidiaries in china and plans to scale up headcount to nearly 2,000 by 2010. it is also investing in a training centre in china, which will have a capacity of at least 2,500 by 2010.
“it is still a mystery why indian companies have not been able to get any significant share of outsourced work from china and japan," said virender aggarwal, head of rest of the world operations for satyam.
analysts acknowledge that china has been a rather difficult market for a variety of reasons.
“so far, the chinese domestic market has been one that is difficult to engage, primarily because of state and public sector dominance," said milan sheth, partner and head of it outsourcing advisory at audit and consulting firm ernst and young. “it is critical to have a well connected and established chinese local partner who can help penetrate that market," he said.
tcs said it views china as a better base to address the japanese market. “a significant share of outsourced work from the japanese market is cornered by chinese companies, as they have a relative cultural and linguistic advantage over their indian counterparts. we see being present in china as the first step in building the right relationships," said pande.
both tcs and satyam are betting on local talent to succeed in their chinese operations and help the company better address the local market as well as help build bridges with japanese companies. at least 90% of tcs’ workforce in china comprises local hires.
nasscom’s som mittal said that the size of the japanese it market and the potential for outsourcing presents a huge opportunity for indian it firms, but, he added that the market has been relatively insulated due to language and cultural barriers. “however, we see an increasing desire among japanese companies for sourcing competitively priced it services from foreign companies. more importantly, the factors limiting market penetration by indian companies are being recognized and addressed by the japanese themselves."
nasscom has set up a japan desk to explore ways for indian it companies to adapt themselves to compete more effectively in the japanese market.
both china and japan are long-term plays, said experts.
“it is very important for indian it companies to understand that investments in the chinese market should be done with a long term view. given the nature of that market, it is unrealistic to expect quick turnarounds," sheth said.
wipro and hcl did not respond to queries on their china and japan strategy.


text:
JOHN REED, recognized as one of the best ''patter'' men performing in Gilbert and Sullivan operas, has been singing such quintessentially comedic roles as the Lord Chancellor in ''Iolanthe'' and Ko-Ko in ''The Mikado'' for more than 30 years. On Saturday, he and the other members of the New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players will perform ''Iolanthe,'' a satire set in a fairyland, at the Palace Theater in Stamford.
As a ''patter'' man, Mr. Reed must speak lines that are exercises in rapid-fire phonetics.
''It's just fast and furious,'' said Mr. Reed, a native of northern England who now splits his career between Britain and the United States.
One of the most famous patter songs in the Gilbert and Sullivan repertory is ''The Nightmare Song'' from ''Iolanthe,'' which he performs.
''It goes on forever,'' Mr. Reed said.
''Iolanthe'' will treat lovers of breathless buffoonery to not one but three such exercises in elocution, all performed by Mr. Reed.
Mr. Reed has to have impeccable diction to get the lyrics across to the audience. And every single note has to be right. But in 1951, when he joined the famous D'Oyly Carte Company in London, which was founded in 1878 by Richard D'Oyly Carte, the producer of the first operas by William S. Gilbert and Arthur S. Sullivan, things were different.
But by 1959, Mr. Reed had taken over all the company's comedic roles. There were eight performances every week, then seven or eight tours in England and abroad. ''I wonder how we did it,'' he said. His efforts were deemed worthy by Queen Elizabeth II, who bestowed him with the Order of the British Empire in 1976.
Mr. Reed left the D'Oyly Carte two years before its demise in 1981.
Three years ago, Mr. Reed performed in the Washington Opera production of ''Trial by Jury'' at the Kennedy Center. That is where he met Mr. Bergeret, and they have performed together several times since.
Now Mr. Reed spends half his time performing and the other half directing. For the past several summers he has directed Gilbert and Sullivan shows for the Colorado Music Theater Festival in Boulder.
The curtain goes up at 8 P.M. Call the Palace Theater box office at 359-0009 for tickets and information.

lowercased:
john reed, recognized as one of the best ''patter'' men performing in gilbert and sullivan operas, has been singing such quintessentially comedic roles as the lord chancellor in ''iolanthe'' and ko-ko in ''the mikado'' for more than 30 years. on saturday, he and the other members of the new york gilbert and sullivan players will perform ''iolanthe,'' a satire set in a fairyland, at the palace theater in stamford.
as a ''patter'' man, mr. reed must speak lines that are exercises in rapid-fire phonetics.
''it's just fast and furious,'' said mr. reed, a native of northern england who now splits his career between britain and the united states.
one of the most famous patter songs in the gilbert and sullivan repertory is ''the nightmare song'' from ''iolanthe,'' which he performs.
''it goes on forever,'' mr. reed said.
''iolanthe'' will treat lovers of breathless buffoonery to not one but three such exercises in elocution, all performed by mr. reed.
mr. reed has to have impeccable diction to get the lyrics across to the audience. and every single note has to be right. but in 1951, when he joined the famous d'oyly carte company in london, which was founded in 1878 by richard d'oyly carte, the producer of the first operas by william s. gilbert and arthur s. sullivan, things were different.
but by 1959, mr. reed had taken over all the company's comedic roles. there were eight performances every week, then seven or eight tours in england and abroad. ''i wonder how we did it,'' he said. his efforts were deemed worthy by queen elizabeth ii, who bestowed him with the order of the british empire in 1976.
mr. reed left the d'oyly carte two years before its demise in 1981.
three years ago, mr. reed performed in the washington opera production of ''trial by jury'' at the kennedy center. that is where he met mr. bergeret, and they have performed together several times since.
now mr. reed spends half his time performing and the other half directing. for the past several summers he has directed gilbert and sullivan shows for the colorado music theater festival in boulder.
the curtain goes up at 8 p.m. call the palace theater box office at 359-0009 for tickets and information.


text:
Funniest Wheeling Incident: I was going to pick up dinner and decided I’d cut through a flat grassy field when I accidently ended up in a mud pit. I was completely sunk up to the frame and had to be pulled out. I learned to always be ready for the unexpected, always have a strap with you and look where you are going.
Anything to add?: I would like to give a shout-out to Boss Steen Swamp Raceway in New Hebron, Miss.
Funniest Wheeling Incident: I was waiting for the vehicle in front of me on a trail at Superlift Off Road Park in Hot Springs, Ark., when I learned the hard way that I was next to a hornets’ nest. I was swatting like crazy and got a nice welt under one eye. Folks thought I had gone crazy when I jumped out of my Bronco.
Funniest Wheeling Incident: After adding the lift and tires I was coming down Fireman’s Hill near Boulder and parked it on its nose. It was amazing that it did not go over!
Anything you would change?: After lots of hard wheeling the unibody is starting to wear out. The next rig needs a frame.
Wheeling Incident: Throwing mud all over my 3-year-old, who was strapped in his car seat. He didn’t think it was that funny.
Does everything work the way you want?: It needs a front locker!
Anything you would change?: Did I mention the front locker? Also gears and mud-terrain tires.

lowercased:
funniest wheeling incident: i was going to pick up dinner and decided i’d cut through a flat grassy field when i accidently ended up in a mud pit. i was completely sunk up to the frame and had to be pulled out. i learned to always be ready for the unexpected, always have a strap with you and look where you are going.
anything to add?: i would like to give a shout-out to boss steen swamp raceway in new hebron, miss.
funniest wheeling incident: i was waiting for the vehicle in front of me on a trail at superlift off road park in hot springs, ark., when i learned the hard way that i was next to a hornets’ nest. i was swatting like crazy and got a nice welt under one eye. folks thought i had gone crazy when i jumped out of my bronco.
funniest wheeling incident: after adding the lift and tires i was coming down fireman’s hill near boulder and parked it on its nose. it was amazing that it did not go over!
anything you would change?: after lots of hard wheeling the unibody is starting to wear out. the next rig needs a frame.
wheeling incident: throwing mud all over my 3-year-old, who was strapped in his car seat. he didn’t think it was that funny.
does everything work the way you want?: it needs a front locker!
anything you would change?: did i mention the front locker? also gears and mud-terrain tires.