text:
Today we’re checking out a budget friendly media player, the X02 from Ruizu.
Ruizu was founded in 2010 and makes a wide range of products, everything from Bluetooth speakers to car air purifiers to MP3 players like the one we’re checking out today. The 20 USD/25 CAD the X02 goes for is a great price for a basic player, but the X02 isn’t overly basic. When you take a look at the extensive list of features and file support, it’s a great value, even if it isn’t perfect.
While she is no longer with Ruizu, I want to thank Ashley for reaching out to see if I would be interested in checking out their products, and for providing a discount code to purchase the X02 through Amazon.ca. It was delived to my door for a whopping $0.38 CAD. The thoughts within this review are my own and do not represent Ruizu or any other entity.
When it comes to portable amps and DAPS I take a pretty casual approach. If you’re looking for an in-depth look at this thing with measurement graphs going over THD, sine waves, etc. you’ll want to look elsewhere. None of that matters to me, nor do the components inside that make the device tick. All I really care about is ease of use, how well it can drive my headphones and earphones, and if they still sound good to me plugged into it. Great battery life is a bonus. This review will be mainly my subjective experiences with the Ruizu and how it has served me over the last month or so.
Looking at older coverage of the X02, it seems that along with some internal upgrades, the packaging received a buff too. The black and white design is attractive and the ridged texturing along the sizes and top looks and feels nice in the hand. I suspect this packaging is used for a number of their products because the model isn’t printed anywhere. A sticker on the back has that covered. Some statements on the back of the package like “BATTERY long time playing” and “MENU easy and comfortable interface” also lend to the idea that this package is used for other Ruizu devices since they are so vague.
The included earbuds certainly aren’t amazing, but they definitely exceeded my expectations. Material quality is mediocre of course. The cable feels quite fragile and the white plastics are low rent with their yellowish tinge. But, comfort is great and fit and finish is as good as it gets for a cheap freebie earphone. When it comes to sound, it’s a typical old-school earbud signature; lots of mids, very little bass, and neutral-ish treble with some roll off. I found clarity excellent, especially in the mid-range. They’re pleasantly inoffensive and capable enough to provide a decent experience. Heck, they even have a spacious presentation with good layering and separation. At high volumes they do distort, but that is par for the course with toss in buds. If you’re even remotely serious about your sound quality you’ll want to replace them immediately, but for the average user that just wants to listen to their music, they’ll do the trick.
The X02’s design takes great inspiration from Apple’s iconic but long discontinued iPod Mini. Like that device, it has a small screen set above a circular input pad within which is a central selection button. The X02 is all-plastic with a soft matte finish. While I like the look and feel of the finish, past experience with it on other devices has shown significant deterioration as the years progress. Hopefully that will not be the case with the X02, but the way people consume new products nowadays the device would probably be replaced long before it ever became an issue. It’s also not the most solid feeling device. Despite being small and compact, there is a fair bit of flex and twist to the chassis. Not something you’re likely to notice though, unless you deliberately start wrenching on it.
The circular pad covers four buttons in the cardinal positions. They perform a multitude of functions from menu navigation to track control. The center button is used to select menu options and pause/play music. I found the buttons satisfying to press as they respond with a prominent click that you can feel and hear. Unlike on some devices which are spongy or quiet, you know when you made a selection on the X02. On the bottom of the device is the micro-USB input port, headphone jack, and on/off slider switch that moves into position with purpose. To the right is a micro-SD card slot with support for 128GB cards, adding onto the already decent 8GB built in.
The X02 is a satisfying device to interact with. The velvety matte surface feels good in the hand and the buttons depress with a quality tactile response. In addition, they are laid out in a tried and tested manner that many will already be familiar with had they used an Apple device prior to their move to touch screen only devices.
Admittedly I didn’t do any testing of the 80 hours of battery life the X02 is rated for. Sorry ’bout that. What I can say is that since the device arrived on September 1st, 2018, it has been used for a couple hours every day. I’ve only had to charge it once since the out of the box charge depleted a couple weeks ago, and at the time of writing it’s still going strong on the next charge. Regardless of whether or not it will achieve the rated 80 hours, it’s got more than enough juice to keep even power users going for long periods without the need to juice up. Another thing that helps to conserve battery is if not playing music or in use, the X02 will turn off after a few minutes of inactivity. Handy!
Perusing through the X02’s menus is for the most part, a pleasant experience. I can think of a few players offhand, namely the HiFiMan MegaMini and XDuoo Nano D3, that do it with less grace and intuition.
On the home screen you’ve got nine menu options. Record, Folder, Ebook comprise the top row. Across the middle you’ve got Pictures, Music, and Video. On the bottom row you’ll find Tools, Settings, and your FM Radio. In the tippy top left corner is the time, while opposite is a battery life icon. Unlike on the XDuoo Nano D3 which has a similar Windows phone style grid layout, you can traverse the X02’s menu options any way you want; up, down, left and right. Delay when moving around is very minimal too. Good thing because laggy interfaces drive me nuts.
Once you start diving into the individual menus, you realize the X02 has a lot more functionality than it’s price and size would suggest. For example, under the Radio feature I was expecting just to be taken directly to the radio, but instead selecting that feature gave me a number of options; Station list, manual tune, auto tune, and FM recording. Under station list is all of your preset options. Manual tune lets you hunt through stations manually. Auto tune seems to update your presents with all available radio stations in the area. Insanely handy if you’re traveling to a new location. FM recording allows you to listen to past recordings saved to either the internal memory, or a memory card you have installed.
Under Tools you are given a calender, stopwatch, and an alarm. They didn’t need to include these, but they did. The calendar feature is very basic in that all you can do is select the date. The stopwatch feature give you five splits to work with which is nice. The alarm lets you set up a one-time, daily, or work day alert using the in-built songs or a custom track of your choice, and at the volume you set. The alarm feature is nice to have, but it doesn’t make the X02 a suitable replacement for a regular alarm. The X02 doesn’t have a built in speaker. That means you’re either going to need to hook up to one, or only use the alarm during circumstances where you’re using the device and have your headphones in, like during break at work, or while at the gym to let you know when you should move onto the next exercise. The alarm also doesn’t turn the device on, so if the X02 is off when the alarm should be sounding, you’re out of luck.
The X02 also has a basic video player, but I don’t think anyone is going to be using it all too often, especially given the dominance of smart phones. The X02’s screen is small and low resolution and watching the pre-installed music video reveals a very blurry image quality. The optimal viewing angle is also somewhat bizarre being optimal at around a 160-170 degree angle. The included video defaults to a horizontal format, and to watch it you turn the X02 sideways and tilt the screen away from you. If you don’t, the screen is either too dark or becomes extremely washed out. Not so much of an issue during normal use, but if you actually want to make use of the video player, this is certainly something to keep in mind.
In the music app you’ve got tons of options too, all laid out ion a fairly logical manner. The first page has nine options; Now playing, all songs, update card data, artists, albums, genres, playlists, local folder, and card folder. Once you’ve selected a song, hit up or M on the control pad and you’ve got nine new options; home, shuffle, language learning, sound settings, a-b repeat mode, bookmarks, delete, add to playlist, and remove from playlist. While I’m not one for playlists, many of you out there are so being able to construct and deconstruct playlists on the fly will be a blessing.
I’m not going to go through every menu, but there are some handy features under sound settings. First is the equalizer. You’ve got OFF, six of the usual preset options, and a basic 5-band custom setting. Unfortunately, the particular frequencies affected are not mentioned, instead letting you adjust B/L/M/H/T. Still, it works as you’d expect. Bass frequencies to the left, moving through the mids to treble on the far right. Another cool setting is speed. I can see that being useful if listening to an audio book. Last is volume limit. Helpful feature, especially if you’re going to give this to a child, but it has one very annoying quirk. That brings us to my favorite section.
No device is perfect. There are some of the more prominent quirks I’ve experienced in my time with the X02.
When setting the volume limit in the sound settings, you are required to press left and right to raise and lower volume despite the volume bar being displayed vertically. Odd decision. Make sure you don’t have music playing when adjusting this setting. It starts off with the volume maxed out, and if you’ve got your headphones in and music on, whatever is playing is bumped to max volume. Ouch in numerous ways. This thing gets pretty loud which could damage your ears or your headphones if they’re particularly sensitive.
Volume does not have a dedicated control. While on the now playing screen, you need to hold down on the control pad for a moment to access the volume controls. On one hand this is simply annoying. On the other, this is a great way to prevent unwanted volume adjustments.
When listening to the radio, if you hold down the centre button for X02 will start a 3 second countdown. Keep holding through the countdown and it turns off. Not sure why this exists since they have a dedicated on/off switch on the bottom of the device.
Ever since I accessed the radio, that has been the default app the device opens to on startup regardless of what was used last.
The X02 is a decent sounding player, as long as you keep the cost under consideration. I was quite impressed with the sound stage and instrument separation. It does a good job off keeping tracks open and uncongested. It also helps that clarity and detail are also good, though micro-detail seems to be masked slightly. The mid-range isn’t dialed back and seems quite prominent, helping out v-shaped earphones a bit. Bass is severely rolled off in my experience so products that have excellent sub-bass extension, like the ADVANCED GT3 Superbass, lose a lot of that extension. This is not a good player for bassheads. It’s also not going to be a great option for those that like to listen at really high volumes either as you get noticeable distortion. The X02 sounds best when kept away from the extreme highs of it’s volume output.
Overall there isn’t much to say here. It has a reasonably uncolored signature and sounds okay. Definitely not up to the standards of a picky audiophile, but good enough for it’s target audience and affordable price.
While most audiophiles would never in a million years touch this feature, this was one of the features that had me most interested. This is an affordable device for the average user, and at least where I live, FM radio is still going strong. As is common, the X02 uses the headphone cable as the antenna and it has no issues picking up a number of stations in my area with a strong, stable connection.
The controls are intuitive and will be right at home for someone that uses and radio frequently. A single, quick press lets you manually hunt down stations while holding the button for one second automatically searches for the next available station. It’s quick and works perfectly. And, if radio presets are your thing you’ve got 30 to work with. Sweet.
MP3 players have fallen out of popularity over the years thanks to smart phones. Why carry multiple devices when you’ve already got what amounts to a powerful, fully featured PC hanging out in your pocket? The X02 is the kind if device you take with you when you don’t want to put that expensive smart phone in harms way, or just want something quick and simple to listen to music through.
Yes, it has some quirks, and yes, the sound quality isn’t going to win any awards, but that should be expected. It’s a media player for your average consumer, and taken as it is, it’s a wonderful little device. Bring it with you to the gym or on bike rides. Toss it in your purse to use those times you miss the bus by a minute and have to wait for the next one. Make it your kid’s first media player. You know they’ll probably break it at some point so you might as well start them off with something inexpensive, yet capable of sparking their interest in music and the arts.
The X02 costs less than most budget earphones, it has great file support, the controls are intuitive and familiar right out the gate, and the graphical interface is quick and easy to navigate. It has a ton of features too, like a radio, e-book reader, video player, and voice recorder. You might not use any of it beyond your first run through of the device, and it’s certainly not the ideal device to consume videos or books, but it’s all there and everything works. The battery life is outstanding as well and I have yet to have the device crash or shut down unexpectedly, so it runs reliably too.
While the X02 isn’t something I am likely to continue using since I already have considerably more capable (and expensive) media players, I respect it and really enjoyed using it over the last month or so. It’s an honest device that should make a lot of customers happy.

lowercased:
today we’re checking out a budget friendly media player, the x02 from ruizu.
ruizu was founded in 2010 and makes a wide range of products, everything from bluetooth speakers to car air purifiers to mp3 players like the one we’re checking out today. the 20 usd/25 cad the x02 goes for is a great price for a basic player, but the x02 isn’t overly basic. when you take a look at the extensive list of features and file support, it’s a great value, even if it isn’t perfect.
while she is no longer with ruizu, i want to thank ashley for reaching out to see if i would be interested in checking out their products, and for providing a discount code to purchase the x02 through amazon.ca. it was delived to my door for a whopping $0.38 cad. the thoughts within this review are my own and do not represent ruizu or any other entity.
when it comes to portable amps and daps i take a pretty casual approach. if you’re looking for an in-depth look at this thing with measurement graphs going over thd, sine waves, etc. you’ll want to look elsewhere. none of that matters to me, nor do the components inside that make the device tick. all i really care about is ease of use, how well it can drive my headphones and earphones, and if they still sound good to me plugged into it. great battery life is a bonus. this review will be mainly my subjective experiences with the ruizu and how it has served me over the last month or so.
looking at older coverage of the x02, it seems that along with some internal upgrades, the packaging received a buff too. the black and white design is attractive and the ridged texturing along the sizes and top looks and feels nice in the hand. i suspect this packaging is used for a number of their products because the model isn’t printed anywhere. a sticker on the back has that covered. some statements on the back of the package like “battery long time playing” and “menu easy and comfortable interface” also lend to the idea that this package is used for other ruizu devices since they are so vague.
the included earbuds certainly aren’t amazing, but they definitely exceeded my expectations. material quality is mediocre of course. the cable feels quite fragile and the white plastics are low rent with their yellowish tinge. but, comfort is great and fit and finish is as good as it gets for a cheap freebie earphone. when it comes to sound, it’s a typical old-school earbud signature; lots of mids, very little bass, and neutral-ish treble with some roll off. i found clarity excellent, especially in the mid-range. they’re pleasantly inoffensive and capable enough to provide a decent experience. heck, they even have a spacious presentation with good layering and separation. at high volumes they do distort, but that is par for the course with toss in buds. if you’re even remotely serious about your sound quality you’ll want to replace them immediately, but for the average user that just wants to listen to their music, they’ll do the trick.
the x02’s design takes great inspiration from apple’s iconic but long discontinued ipod mini. like that device, it has a small screen set above a circular input pad within which is a central selection button. the x02 is all-plastic with a soft matte finish. while i like the look and feel of the finish, past experience with it on other devices has shown significant deterioration as the years progress. hopefully that will not be the case with the x02, but the way people consume new products nowadays the device would probably be replaced long before it ever became an issue. it’s also not the most solid feeling device. despite being small and compact, there is a fair bit of flex and twist to the chassis. not something you’re likely to notice though, unless you deliberately start wrenching on it.
the circular pad covers four buttons in the cardinal positions. they perform a multitude of functions from menu navigation to track control. the center button is used to select menu options and pause/play music. i found the buttons satisfying to press as they respond with a prominent click that you can feel and hear. unlike on some devices which are spongy or quiet, you know when you made a selection on the x02. on the bottom of the device is the micro-usb input port, headphone jack, and on/off slider switch that moves into position with purpose. to the right is a micro-sd card slot with support for 128gb cards, adding onto the already decent 8gb built in.
the x02 is a satisfying device to interact with. the velvety matte surface feels good in the hand and the buttons depress with a quality tactile response. in addition, they are laid out in a tried and tested manner that many will already be familiar with had they used an apple device prior to their move to touch screen only devices.
admittedly i didn’t do any testing of the 80 hours of battery life the x02 is rated for. sorry ’bout that. what i can say is that since the device arrived on september 1st, 2018, it has been used for a couple hours every day. i’ve only had to charge it once since the out of the box charge depleted a couple weeks ago, and at the time of writing it’s still going strong on the next charge. regardless of whether or not it will achieve the rated 80 hours, it’s got more than enough juice to keep even power users going for long periods without the need to juice up. another thing that helps to conserve battery is if not playing music or in use, the x02 will turn off after a few minutes of inactivity. handy!
perusing through the x02’s menus is for the most part, a pleasant experience. i can think of a few players offhand, namely the hifiman megamini and xduoo nano d3, that do it with less grace and intuition.
on the home screen you’ve got nine menu options. record, folder, ebook comprise the top row. across the middle you’ve got pictures, music, and video. on the bottom row you’ll find tools, settings, and your fm radio. in the tippy top left corner is the time, while opposite is a battery life icon. unlike on the xduoo nano d3 which has a similar windows phone style grid layout, you can traverse the x02’s menu options any way you want; up, down, left and right. delay when moving around is very minimal too. good thing because laggy interfaces drive me nuts.
once you start diving into the individual menus, you realize the x02 has a lot more functionality than it’s price and size would suggest. for example, under the radio feature i was expecting just to be taken directly to the radio, but instead selecting that feature gave me a number of options; station list, manual tune, auto tune, and fm recording. under station list is all of your preset options. manual tune lets you hunt through stations manually. auto tune seems to update your presents with all available radio stations in the area. insanely handy if you’re traveling to a new location. fm recording allows you to listen to past recordings saved to either the internal memory, or a memory card you have installed.
under tools you are given a calender, stopwatch, and an alarm. they didn’t need to include these, but they did. the calendar feature is very basic in that all you can do is select the date. the stopwatch feature give you five splits to work with which is nice. the alarm lets you set up a one-time, daily, or work day alert using the in-built songs or a custom track of your choice, and at the volume you set. the alarm feature is nice to have, but it doesn’t make the x02 a suitable replacement for a regular alarm. the x02 doesn’t have a built in speaker. that means you’re either going to need to hook up to one, or only use the alarm during circumstances where you’re using the device and have your headphones in, like during break at work, or while at the gym to let you know when you should move onto the next exercise. the alarm also doesn’t turn the device on, so if the x02 is off when the alarm should be sounding, you’re out of luck.
the x02 also has a basic video player, but i don’t think anyone is going to be using it all too often, especially given the dominance of smart phones. the x02’s screen is small and low resolution and watching the pre-installed music video reveals a very blurry image quality. the optimal viewing angle is also somewhat bizarre being optimal at around a 160-170 degree angle. the included video defaults to a horizontal format, and to watch it you turn the x02 sideways and tilt the screen away from you. if you don’t, the screen is either too dark or becomes extremely washed out. not so much of an issue during normal use, but if you actually want to make use of the video player, this is certainly something to keep in mind.
in the music app you’ve got tons of options too, all laid out ion a fairly logical manner. the first page has nine options; now playing, all songs, update card data, artists, albums, genres, playlists, local folder, and card folder. once you’ve selected a song, hit up or m on the control pad and you’ve got nine new options; home, shuffle, language learning, sound settings, a-b repeat mode, bookmarks, delete, add to playlist, and remove from playlist. while i’m not one for playlists, many of you out there are so being able to construct and deconstruct playlists on the fly will be a blessing.
i’m not going to go through every menu, but there are some handy features under sound settings. first is the equalizer. you’ve got off, six of the usual preset options, and a basic 5-band custom setting. unfortunately, the particular frequencies affected are not mentioned, instead letting you adjust b/l/m/h/t. still, it works as you’d expect. bass frequencies to the left, moving through the mids to treble on the far right. another cool setting is speed. i can see that being useful if listening to an audio book. last is volume limit. helpful feature, especially if you’re going to give this to a child, but it has one very annoying quirk. that brings us to my favorite section.
no device is perfect. there are some of the more prominent quirks i’ve experienced in my time with the x02.
when setting the volume limit in the sound settings, you are required to press left and right to raise and lower volume despite the volume bar being displayed vertically. odd decision. make sure you don’t have music playing when adjusting this setting. it starts off with the volume maxed out, and if you’ve got your headphones in and music on, whatever is playing is bumped to max volume. ouch in numerous ways. this thing gets pretty loud which could damage your ears or your headphones if they’re particularly sensitive.
volume does not have a dedicated control. while on the now playing screen, you need to hold down on the control pad for a moment to access the volume controls. on one hand this is simply annoying. on the other, this is a great way to prevent unwanted volume adjustments.
when listening to the radio, if you hold down the centre button for x02 will start a 3 second countdown. keep holding through the countdown and it turns off. not sure why this exists since they have a dedicated on/off switch on the bottom of the device.
ever since i accessed the radio, that has been the default app the device opens to on startup regardless of what was used last.
the x02 is a decent sounding player, as long as you keep the cost under consideration. i was quite impressed with the sound stage and instrument separation. it does a good job off keeping tracks open and uncongested. it also helps that clarity and detail are also good, though micro-detail seems to be masked slightly. the mid-range isn’t dialed back and seems quite prominent, helping out v-shaped earphones a bit. bass is severely rolled off in my experience so products that have excellent sub-bass extension, like the advanced gt3 superbass, lose a lot of that extension. this is not a good player for bassheads. it’s also not going to be a great option for those that like to listen at really high volumes either as you get noticeable distortion. the x02 sounds best when kept away from the extreme highs of it’s volume output.
overall there isn’t much to say here. it has a reasonably uncolored signature and sounds okay. definitely not up to the standards of a picky audiophile, but good enough for it’s target audience and affordable price.
while most audiophiles would never in a million years touch this feature, this was one of the features that had me most interested. this is an affordable device for the average user, and at least where i live, fm radio is still going strong. as is common, the x02 uses the headphone cable as the antenna and it has no issues picking up a number of stations in my area with a strong, stable connection.
the controls are intuitive and will be right at home for someone that uses and radio frequently. a single, quick press lets you manually hunt down stations while holding the button for one second automatically searches for the next available station. it’s quick and works perfectly. and, if radio presets are your thing you’ve got 30 to work with. sweet.
mp3 players have fallen out of popularity over the years thanks to smart phones. why carry multiple devices when you’ve already got what amounts to a powerful, fully featured pc hanging out in your pocket? the x02 is the kind if device you take with you when you don’t want to put that expensive smart phone in harms way, or just want something quick and simple to listen to music through.
yes, it has some quirks, and yes, the sound quality isn’t going to win any awards, but that should be expected. it’s a media player for your average consumer, and taken as it is, it’s a wonderful little device. bring it with you to the gym or on bike rides. toss it in your purse to use those times you miss the bus by a minute and have to wait for the next one. make it your kid’s first media player. you know they’ll probably break it at some point so you might as well start them off with something inexpensive, yet capable of sparking their interest in music and the arts.
the x02 costs less than most budget earphones, it has great file support, the controls are intuitive and familiar right out the gate, and the graphical interface is quick and easy to navigate. it has a ton of features too, like a radio, e-book reader, video player, and voice recorder. you might not use any of it beyond your first run through of the device, and it’s certainly not the ideal device to consume videos or books, but it’s all there and everything works. the battery life is outstanding as well and i have yet to have the device crash or shut down unexpectedly, so it runs reliably too.
while the x02 isn’t something i am likely to continue using since i already have considerably more capable (and expensive) media players, i respect it and really enjoyed using it over the last month or so. it’s an honest device that should make a lot of customers happy.


text:
Shenzhen Chengfengyuan Technology Co., Ltd.
Yuyao Yinjia Trading Co., Ltd.
Surface Treatment: Anodizing, Plating, Powder Coating, etc.
Machining Method: Laser Cut, Bending, Punching, Finishing, etc.
Material: Stainless Steel, SPCC, Aluminum, etc.

lowercased:
shenzhen chengfengyuan technology co., ltd.
yuyao yinjia trading co., ltd.
surface treatment: anodizing, plating, powder coating, etc.
machining method: laser cut, bending, punching, finishing, etc.
material: stainless steel, spcc, aluminum, etc.


text:
Diabetes requires regular monitoring as part of your diabetes management efforts. There are numerous advanced blood glucose meters you can find with own set of features. There are numerous useful popular features of the meters besides just testing and telling you the blood glucose levels. These meters often have memory wherein you might keep the result together with time and date for approximately 300 to 500 tests. When you've got data stored in the memory of the glucose meter there is a need to download it to the PC so that you may make use of the data to produce reports and graphs and study the trends. There is meter link blood glucose monitor download software that enables us to download and monitor the info for the regular tests which are performed.
Now most meters have the ability to save previous readings along with the date and time /advice on diabetes. The proportions of storage may differ with the particular meter. Quite a few may store simply 20 to 100 results e.g meters like Glucometer Elite, Accu-Chek Advantage, Glucometer Dex 2 have a very low capacity. There are others which have huge memory and can store as many as 1,000 e.g. Accu-Chek Complete. Most meters allow you to download readings directly to a home computer for keeping them in a logbook. You might be required to get a cable to allow the meter and home computer interface to be made. It's also possible to download software through the meter manufacturer's internet site. Win Glucofacts Diabetes Management Software for your Glucometer Dex, Glucometer Dex 2, Glucometer Elite XL etc allow transfer of data and help in data manipulation. As soon as you download the data you possibly can estimate 14- and 30-day averages. You may even have options to find averages of all readings in a specific reading time. Nevertheless, a number of meters like Glucometer Elite don't have data port features and diabetes management software integration.
There are lots of suppliers of meters who offer such software with the meters. One such is the OneTouch Diabetes Software that gives you a personal summary of how food, exercise, medication, as well as your everyday living influence your blood sugar levels. If you are using any OneTouch Meter that has a data port you possibly can organize the final results into simple charts and graphs. The software even enables you to track the adjustments as well as keep health-related information such as weight, high blood pressure, cholesterol, and A1C. You may even produce several meal schedules and insulin regimens based on your lifestyle. It makes it simpler to read the reports if you are checking at home or transport them along on your next health care provider visit. There are approximately 11 distinct reports that you could select from as well as be aware of the glucose levels round the meal together with the Pie Chart which can be generated continue reading. You can use it with any Accu-chek monitors and finds these meters and insulin pumps on auto-pilot. The best part is the one-click download of meter data. It is not only to gather self-care data but additionally allows for analysis, creation of thorough graphs and acts on the results to continuously enhance your diabetes management. It is compatible with ACCU-CHEK Aviva system, Compact Plus system, Smart Pix reader and Active system.
There are various other software programs that enable download of data from blood glucose meters. You will find them totally on web sites of the suppliers of different meters. It's a vital tool which makes your diabetes management easy and simple.

lowercased:
diabetes requires regular monitoring as part of your diabetes management efforts. there are numerous advanced blood glucose meters you can find with own set of features. there are numerous useful popular features of the meters besides just testing and telling you the blood glucose levels. these meters often have memory wherein you might keep the result together with time and date for approximately 300 to 500 tests. when you've got data stored in the memory of the glucose meter there is a need to download it to the pc so that you may make use of the data to produce reports and graphs and study the trends. there is meter link blood glucose monitor download software that enables us to download and monitor the info for the regular tests which are performed.
now most meters have the ability to save previous readings along with the date and time /advice on diabetes. the proportions of storage may differ with the particular meter. quite a few may store simply 20 to 100 results e.g meters like glucometer elite, accu-chek advantage, glucometer dex 2 have a very low capacity. there are others which have huge memory and can store as many as 1,000 e.g. accu-chek complete. most meters allow you to download readings directly to a home computer for keeping them in a logbook. you might be required to get a cable to allow the meter and home computer interface to be made. it's also possible to download software through the meter manufacturer's internet site. win glucofacts diabetes management software for your glucometer dex, glucometer dex 2, glucometer elite xl etc allow transfer of data and help in data manipulation. as soon as you download the data you possibly can estimate 14- and 30-day averages. you may even have options to find averages of all readings in a specific reading time. nevertheless, a number of meters like glucometer elite don't have data port features and diabetes management software integration.
there are lots of suppliers of meters who offer such software with the meters. one such is the onetouch diabetes software that gives you a personal summary of how food, exercise, medication, as well as your everyday living influence your blood sugar levels. if you are using any onetouch meter that has a data port you possibly can organize the final results into simple charts and graphs. the software even enables you to track the adjustments as well as keep health-related information such as weight, high blood pressure, cholesterol, and a1c. you may even produce several meal schedules and insulin regimens based on your lifestyle. it makes it simpler to read the reports if you are checking at home or transport them along on your next health care provider visit. there are approximately 11 distinct reports that you could select from as well as be aware of the glucose levels round the meal together with the pie chart which can be generated continue reading. you can use it with any accu-chek monitors and finds these meters and insulin pumps on auto-pilot. the best part is the one-click download of meter data. it is not only to gather self-care data but additionally allows for analysis, creation of thorough graphs and acts on the results to continuously enhance your diabetes management. it is compatible with accu-chek aviva system, compact plus system, smart pix reader and active system.
there are various other software programs that enable download of data from blood glucose meters. you will find them totally on web sites of the suppliers of different meters. it's a vital tool which makes your diabetes management easy and simple.


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COLOMBO: M.A.Sumanthiran, a Tamil National Alliance (TNA) MP, is currently in Geneva lobbying at the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for release of the UN’s investigative report on allegations of war crimes committed in the last phase of the 2006-2009 Eelam War IV in North Sri Lanka.
Referring to the thousands of Tamils who had perished, and many others whose kith and kin had disappeared, Surendiran said: “We want the truth to be told. Any breaches of international laws should be dealt with through an international judicial process. The UN report will serve as a first step in this process."

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colombo: m.a.sumanthiran, a tamil national alliance (tna) mp, is currently in geneva lobbying at the un human rights council (unhrc) for release of the un’s investigative report on allegations of war crimes committed in the last phase of the 2006-2009 eelam war iv in north sri lanka.
referring to the thousands of tamils who had perished, and many others whose kith and kin had disappeared, surendiran said: “we want the truth to be told. any breaches of international laws should be dealt with through an international judicial process. the un report will serve as a first step in this process."


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Students may download the Digital Logic Design and Application subject University of Mumbai Semester 3 (SE Second Year) question papers PDF. These solved question papers of can then be refered while preparing for the Semester 3 (SE Second Year) board exam. Students preparing for their Semester 3 (SE Second Year) exams are suggested to solve Digital Logic Design and Application University of Mumbai Question Paper to boost up your speed and accuracy level also by solving the Question Papers, you can scale your preparation level and work on your weak areas. Previous year question papers for University of Mumbai Semester 3 (SE Second Year) for on Shaalaa.com are designed by the experts based on the latest revised University of Mumbai Semester 3 (SE Second Year) syllabus.
Digital Logic Design and Application Board/University question paper is available on this page. This provides the comprehensive structure for students to present their answers and get best grades. It is common knowledge that atleast 20% of questions in Board/University Exams have been asked before. So it is wonderfull to have access to such information. At the time of final exams students search for previous year solved question paper for revison. University of Mumbai Semester 3 (SE Second Year) question paper solved pdf is key to increase score in final exam.

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students may download the digital logic design and application subject university of mumbai semester 3 (se second year) question papers pdf. these solved question papers of can then be refered while preparing for the semester 3 (se second year) board exam. students preparing for their semester 3 (se second year) exams are suggested to solve digital logic design and application university of mumbai question paper to boost up your speed and accuracy level also by solving the question papers, you can scale your preparation level and work on your weak areas. previous year question papers for university of mumbai semester 3 (se second year) for on shaalaa.com are designed by the experts based on the latest revised university of mumbai semester 3 (se second year) syllabus.
digital logic design and application board/university question paper is available on this page. this provides the comprehensive structure for students to present their answers and get best grades. it is common knowledge that atleast 20% of questions in board/university exams have been asked before. so it is wonderfull to have access to such information. at the time of final exams students search for previous year solved question paper for revison. university of mumbai semester 3 (se second year) question paper solved pdf is key to increase score in final exam.


text:
Administration of Citrix NetScaler appliances (VPX, MDX, and SDX), NetScaler Gateway policies and configurations, advanced virtual server load balancing, routing, Content Switching, GSLB, and High-Availability.
Proven experience using NetScaler MAS, implementing NetScaler backups and restores.
Proven experience managing virtual desktop infrastructures (specifically leveraging Citrix XenDesktop) in large-scale enterprise environments.
Virtualized software delivery platforms such as Citrix XenApp and layering products such as Citrix App Layering and Persona Management solutions such as Citrix User Profile manager and Workspace environment manager.

lowercased:
administration of citrix netscaler appliances (vpx, mdx, and sdx), netscaler gateway policies and configurations, advanced virtual server load balancing, routing, content switching, gslb, and high-availability.
proven experience using netscaler mas, implementing netscaler backups and restores.
proven experience managing virtual desktop infrastructures (specifically leveraging citrix xendesktop) in large-scale enterprise environments.
virtualized software delivery platforms such as citrix xenapp and layering products such as citrix app layering and persona management solutions such as citrix user profile manager and workspace environment manager.


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The European Union is inextricably linked to the Arctic region (hereafter referred to as the Arctic) by a unique combination of history, geography, economy and scientific achievements. Three Member States — Denmark (Greenland), Finland and Sweden — have territories in the Arctic. Two other Arctic states — Iceland and Norway — are members of the European Economic Area. Canada, Russia and the United States are strategic partners of the EU. European Arctic areas are a priority in the Northern Dimension policy. Beyond areas of national jurisdiction, the Arctic Ocean contains parts pertaining to the high seas and the seabed managed by the International Seabed Authority.
The vast sea and land spaces of the Arctic region are vital and vulnerable components of the Earth’s environment and climate system. Arctic air temperatures have been increasing twice as much as the global average. Coverage of sea ice, snow cover and permafrost have been decreasing rapidly, triggering strong feed-back mechanisms that accelerate global warming. Accelerated loss from the Greenland ice sheet would raise sea levels rapidly and considerably.
In spite of harsh conditions, melting of ice and new technologies will gradually increase access to Arctic living and non-living resources as well as to new navigation routes. Although the Arctic remains one of the most pristine areas on Earth, it will be increasingly at risk from the combined effects of climate change and increased human activity.
EU policies in areas such as environment, climate change, energy, research, transport and fisheries have a direct bearing on the Arctic. It is a fundamental premise of the EU’s Integrated Maritime Policy that each sea-region is unique and needs individual attention in balancing its uses in a sustainable manner.
Activities in EU Member States — as most other countries — leave an environmental footprint in the Arctic. Addressing the root causes of Arctic changes requires a global response. Impacts resulting from climate change represent a challenge of paramount importance for the region at present and also for the future. The EU is a leader in fighting climate change and in promoting sustainable development. EU Member States and the European Community are parties to most multilateral environmental agreements of fundamental importance for the Arctic. European industries are in the front line in developing technologies for safe and sustainable operations in harsh conditions — on land, in coastal zones and offshore.
While the Arctic environment is particularly vulnerable, the low population and infrastructure density make emergency response management extremely difficult.
The main goal must be to prevent and mitigate the negative impact of climate change as well as to support adaptation to inevitable changes. Prevention and mitigation action should also concern other global and trans-boundary processes with negative impacts in the Arctic, such as long-range transport of pollutants. This should be complemented by developing a holistic, ecosystem-based management of human activities, ensuring that the latter are administered in a sustainable way, integrating environmental considerations at all levels. There is a need to improve emergency response management.
- Assess the effectiveness of EU policies and of multilateral environmental agreements in responding to Arctic environmental challenges.
- Strengthen international efforts to mitigate climate change and identify areas where support for adaptation to the effects of climate change needs to be provided, including the adaptive management of biodiversity.
- Promote permanent dialogue with NGOs on the state of the environment in the Arctic region.
- Coordinate efforts with Arctic states, territories and other stakeholders promoting high environmental standards. Enhance ecosystem-based marine management in the Arctic Ocean by sharing EU experience with the Arctic states.
- Where strategies and projects of the EU affect the Arctic, take account of environmental impacts before decisions are made. Promote the use of impact assessments of projects, plans and programmes affecting the Arctic environment, including strategic environmental assessments, and share experience with the Arctic states.
- Support screening and monitoring of chemicals in the Arctic. Step up efforts to reduce pollution of the Arctic by persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and other contaminants, including those from land-based sources. Continue supporting the destruction of stocks of harmful chemicals and the reduction of the risk of radioactive release in the Arctic.
- Pursue cooperation on prevention, preparedness and disaster response. The Commission’s Monitoring and Information Centre can contribute to enhancing EU disaster response capacity in the Arctic. The Commission will support concluding an agreement on emergency prevention and response in the Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC).
- Strengthen cooperation on improving primary energy savings, energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies in the Arctic.
- Contribute to assessing the impact on marine mammals of increased acoustic noise generated by human activities.
About a third of the 4 million people living in the Arctic are indigenous. They are particularly vulnerable to the increasing pressures of climate change and globalisation.
- Engage Arctic indigenous peoples in a regular dialogue.
- Provide opportunities for self-driven development and the protection of their lifestyle.
- Support in particular the organisations and activities of the Saami and of other peoples of the European Arctic, inter alia under regional and cross-border programmes. Promote Northern European know-how in reindeer husbandry.
- Continue efforts ensuring effective protection of whales especially within the framework of the International Whaling Commission (IWC), including in the Arctic context. Support proposals for the management of indigenous subsistence whaling, provided that conservation is not compromised, whaling operations are properly regulated and catches remain within the scope of documented and recognised subsistence needs.
- Conduct dialogues with indigenous and other local communities traditionally engaged in the hunting of seals.
- The Community is currently considering banning the placing on the market, import, transit and export of seal products. However, this should not adversely affect the fundamental economic and social interests of indigenous communities traditionally engaged in the hunting of seals. Under the terms of the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning trade in seal products, seal products resulting from hunts traditionally conducted by Inuit communities which contribute to their subsistence are exempted. The proposal also foresees that trade is allowed in other cases where certain requirements are met regarding the manner and method whereby seals are killed and skinned. The Commission’s dialogue with the indigenous communities concerned will aim to facilitate the practical implementation of these provisions.
Policy responses should be based on assessments using the best available knowledge and understanding of the processes affecting the Arctic. The Arctic Council has wide research programmes and publishes valuable assessments.
EU Member States and the European Community are major contributors to Arctic research. The current Seventh Community Framework Programme addresses new projects and large international undertakings dealing with Arctic-related research. The European Polar Board seeks to harmonise and maximise the impact of European polar research. The European Environment Agency has made a series of assessments, building on the work of the Arctic Council.
Nevertheless, long-term monitoring, coordination and data availability remain insufficient for Arctic research.
The European Community should maintain the Arctic as a priority area for research to close knowledge gaps and assess future anthropogenic impacts, especially in the area of climate change. Moreover, it should strengthen international cooperation and interoperability and contribute to designing concrete steps for prevention, mitigation and adaptation.
- Develop further research programmes dealing with sea-level rise, loss of sea ice and melting permafrost as well as related feedbacks leading to accelerated warming and having other anthropogenic impacts on the Arctic ecosystems.
- Assess the state and evolution of the Arctic environment in order to contribute to the formulation of appropriate EU policies.
- Create new research infrastructure and enhance monitoring and surveillance capabilities. Contribute to the completion of the Aurora Borealis research icebreaker project.
- Coordinate efforts in different research areas relevant to the Arctic such as environment, transport, health and energy, as well as develop Arctic technologies.
- Ensure continuity in space measurements via GMES . Support long-term measurements and reporting of marine data through the European Marine Observation and Data Network. Contribute to establishing the Arctic component of Global Earth Observing System of Systems.
- Develop enhanced, broad international information exchange on research projects and facilitate coordination of national programmes. Thus the EU should contribute to supporting the establishment of the Sustained Arctic Observing Network.
- Ensure open access to information from Arctic monitoring and research based on the principle of the Shared Environmental Information System. Facilitate and support outreach to the broader public.
The Arctic contains large untapped hydrocarbon reserves. Known Arctic offshore resources are located inside the Exclusive Economic Zone of Arctic states. Arctic resources could contribute to enhancing the EU’s security of supply concerning energy and raw materials in general. However, exploitation will be slow, since it presents great challenges and entails high costs due to harsh conditions and multiple environmental risks.
Support for the exploitation of Arctic hydrocarbon resources should be provided in full respect of strict environmental standards taking into account the particular vulnerability of the Arctic. The EU edge in technologies for sustainable exploitation of resources in polar conditions should be maintained.
- Work to strengthen the foundations for long-term cooperation, particularly with Norway and the Russian Federation, facilitating the sustainable and environmentally friendly exploration, extraction and transportation of Arctic hydrocarbon resources. As elsewhere, the guiding principles will be a level playing field and reciprocal market access.
- Encourage the observance of the highest possible environmental standards. Press for the introduction of binding international standards, building inter alia on the guidelines of the Arctic Council and relevant international conventions.
- Promote further research and development in offshore technology and infrastructures. Build on experience accumulated in European industry in offshore oil and gas exploitation. Facilitate further research and innovation as emphasis shifts to even harsher climates and deeper waters.
- Encourage the growth of maritime clusters where universities and research centres can provide trained staff and research facilities to smaller companies. Much of the innovation will be driven by small and medium-sized enterprises in regional clusters.
- Assess possibilities of endorsing the guidelines for oil and gas exploitation drafted by the Arctic Council.
The only significant Arctic fisheries occur at present in the Barents Sea and to the east and south of the Norwegian Sea. Nonetheless, climate change might bring increased productivity in some fish stocks and changes in spatial distributions of others. New areas may become attractive for fishing with increased access due to reduced sea ice coverage. For some of the Arctic high seas waters there is not yet an international conservation and management regime in place. This might lead to unregulated fisheries.
The EU is among the most important consumers of Arctic fish, of which only a small part is caught by Community vessels. The European Community is a member of the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC). It cooperates fully with states with sovereignty or jurisdiction in Arctic waters, seeking not only to ensure fishing opportunities, but also to guarantee long-term conservation and optimum utilisation of fishery resources.
The EU’s main objective is to ensure exploitation of Arctic fisheries resources at sustainable levels whilst respecting the rights of local coastal communities.
- Put in place a regulatory framework for the part of the Arctic high seas not yet covered by an international conservation and management regime before new fishing opportunities arise. This will prevent fisheries developing in a regulatory vacuum, and will ensure fair and transparent management of fisheries in accordance with the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing. In principle, extending the mandate of existing management organisations such as NEAFC is preferable to creating new ones. Until a conservation and management regime is in place for the areas not yet covered by such a regime, no new fisheries should commence.
EU Member States have the world’s largest merchant fleet and many of those ships use trans-oceanic routes. The melting of sea ice is progressively opening opportunities to navigate on routes through Arctic waters. This could considerably shorten trips from Europe to the Pacific, save energy, reduce emissions, promote trade and diminish pressure on the main trans-continental navigation channels. But serious obstacles remain, including drift ice, lack of infrastructure, environmental risks and uncertainties about future trade patterns. Hence the development of Arctic commercial navigation will require time and effort.
It is in the EU's interest to explore and improve conditions for gradually introducing Arctic commercial navigation, while promoting stricter safety and environmental standards as well as avoiding detrimental effects.
By the same token, Member States and the Community should defend the principle of freedom of navigation and the right of innocent passage in the newly opened routes and areas.
- Promote the full implementation of existing obligations concerning navigation rules, maritime safety, routes system and environmental standards in the Arctic, in particular those under the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).
- Stress the need to avoid discriminatory practices (in particular in terms of fees, obligatory services, regulations) by any of the Arctic coastal states towards third countries’ merchant ships.
- Improve maritime surveillance capabilities in the far North. The Commission together with the European Space Agency is exploring a polar-orbiting satellite system that can pick up signals from anywhere on the globe. If successful, this would allow better knowledge of ship traffic and faster reactions to emergencies. The Galileo satellite navigation system will also play an important role in the Arctic for better and safer navigation, maritime surveillance and emergency response.
- Within the applicable rules of competition law, maintain the competitive lead of European shipyards in developing technology required for Arctic conditions. The potential to provide specially-designed, environment-friendly ships, including ice-breakers, is an important asset for the future.
- Explore support for designating some Arctic navigation routes as particularly sensitive sea areas under IMO rules, if proposed by any of the Arctic coastal states.
- Support any further work to enhance IMO environmental and safety standards applicable to Arctic waters.
In the field of land and air transport in European Arctic areas the main aim should be the development of East-West land and air transport infrastructures. The establishment of a Northern Dimension Partnership on Transport and Logistics will further support better land connections between the EU and North-West Russia, which are important for the future development of the area.
Arctic tourism, especially cruise ship tourism, is developing rapidly, but several accidents have demonstrated associated risks.
The EU should continue to support sustainable Arctic tourism, welcoming the efforts made to minimise its environmental footprint. Protection of the environment and benefits to local coastal communities should be primary considerations.
- Support increasing the safety of cruise ships, better guiding, restriction of access to highly vulnerable areas.
- Encourage environmentally friendly tourism, involving local communities.
There is no specific treaty regime for the Arctic. No country or group of countries have sovereignty over the North Pole or the Arctic Ocean around it. There are several maritime borders where Arctic coastal states have not agreed upon the delimitation of Exclusive Economic Zones. Submissions to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf may result in overlapping claims. Moreover, there are different interpretations of the conditions for passage of ships in some Arctic waters, especially in the Northwest Passage.
An extensive international legal framework is already in place that also applies to the Arctic. The provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provide the basis for the settlement of disputes including delimitation. UNCLOS also contains rules for the use of living and non-living resources and the protection of the environment. Moreover, there is a long range of multilateral environmental agreements applying to the Arctic, frequently without comprising specific references to it.
In May 2008 five Arctic Ocean coastal states adopted a Declaration stating that they remain committed to the legal framework in place and to the orderly settlement of any overlapping claims. Since then, several of them have announced steps extending or affirming their national jurisdiction and strengthening their Arctic presence.
The Arctic Council has been successful in preparing assessments, developing a regional identity and setting the Arctic agenda. Along with the BEAC and the Nordic Council of Ministers, it is a participant in the Northern Dimension.
The European Parliament has recently highlighted the importance of Arctic governance and called for a standalone EU Arctic policy urging the Commission to take a proactive role in the Arctic. The parliamentary dimension of Arctic cooperation is crucial to raise awareness and to strengthen policy input. The European Parliament has been playing a valuable role in this respect.
The European Investment Bank can support investments in parts of the Arctic region, in accordance with its mandates, especially in the sectors of environment, transport, energy and research infrastructures.
The main problems relating to Arctic governance include the fragmentation of the legal framework, the lack of effective instruments, the absence of an overall policy-setting process and gaps in participation, implementation and geographic scope.
- The full implementation of already existing obligations, rather than proposing new legal instruments should be advocated. This however should not preclude work on further developing some of the frameworks, adapting them to new conditions or Arctic specificities.
- The EU should promote broad dialogue and negotiated solutions and not support arrangements which exclude any of the Arctic EU Member States or Arctic EEA EFTA countries.
- Arctic considerations should be integrated into wider EU policies and negotiations.
- Assess the effectiveness of Arctic-relevant multilateral agreements to determine whether additional initiatives or measures are needed. Closely follow the processes of maritime delimitation and of the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelves to assess their impacts on EU interests.
- Explore the possibility of establishing new, multi-sector frameworks for integrated ecosystem management. This could include the establishment of a network of marine protected areas, navigational measures and rules for ensuring the sustainable exploitation of minerals.
- Enhance input to the Arctic Council in accordance with the Community’s role and potential. As a first step, the Commission will apply for permanent observer status in the Arctic Council.
- Suggest that Northern Dimension partners hold regular discussions about Arctic issues and examine possibilities for projects under the Northern Dimension Environmental Partnership to cover wider areas in the European Arctic. Efforts in the area of energy efficiency and under new Northern Dimension partnerships will have great relevance for Arctic cooperation.
- Launch a reflection on possibilities for further development of Arctic-related cross-border cooperation and regional programmes to enhance cooperation with the Arctic states.
- Explore all possibilities at international level to promote measures for protecting marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, including through the pursuit of an UNCLOS Implementing Agreement.
- Work towards the successful conclusion of international negotiations on marine protected areas on the high seas.
- Discuss with Norway and Iceland how the Marine Strategy Framework Directive will be integrated into the EEA Agreement and thus apply to a part of the Arctic Ocean.
- Include Arctic matters in future high-level dialogue meetings on maritime affairs.
- Provide an overview of all the EU’s relevant Arctic-related activities on the thematic web-site on Maritime Affairs, and promote dialogue with stakeholders on these activities.
- Explore — together with the Nordic countries — possibilities for creating a European Arctic Information Centre.
- Establish closer links with Arctic education networks.
Being part of Denmark, Greenland is one of the Overseas Countries Territories (OCTs) associated to the Community. Significant Community financial assistance is provided to Greenland through Annual Action Programmes.
- Enhance Arctic-related cooperation with Greenland. Additional efforts should be envisaged to make the EU an even more important partner for Greenland in managing its fragile environment and the challenges confronting its population.
The suggestions contained in this Communication aim to provide the basis for a more detailed reflection. This will be useful for implementing the EU’s strategic initiatives, including the Integrated Maritime Policy. The present Communication should also lead to a structured and coordinated approach to Arctic matters, as the first layer of an Arctic policy for the European Union. This will open new cooperation perspectives with the Arctic states, helping all of us to increase stability and to establish the right balance between the priority goal of preserving the Arctic environment and the need for sustainable use of resources.
 The notion “Arctic region” used in this Communication covers the area around the North Pole north of the Arctic Circle. It includes the Arctic Ocean and territories of the eight Arctic states: Canada, Denmark (including Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States.
 Provisions of the EEA Agreement ensure full participation of the EEA EFTA countries in the Internal Market and in these respects allow for cooperation in fields such as environment, research, tourism and civil protection, all of great importance for the Arctic.
 The Northern Dimension is a shared policy among its four partners: the European Union, Iceland, Norway and Russia, promoting stability, prosperity and sustainable development.
 Arctic Council finding (2005), confirmed by later measurements.
 Forum for intergovernmental cooperation in the Barents region.
 Protocol 3 to the Act of Accession of Sweden and Finland.
 Adopted by the Council, the Parliament and the Commission in 2005.
 The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation among Arctic states involving indigenous communities.
 Past Community Framework Programmes (FP5 and FP6) provided support to more than 50 polar-related projects. This includes DAMOCLES, thes.
 Past Community Framework Programmes (FP5 and FP6) provided support to more than 50 polar-related projects. This includes DAMOCLES, the largest contribution to the International Polar Year. Within FP6 the Arctic-related budget reached €86 million.
 GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) is an EU initiative aiming at delivering sustainable and fully reliable information services based on Earth observation capacities.
 Cf. Wood Mackenzie and Fugro Robertson: “Future of the Arctic, A new dawn for exploration“ and assessments from the U.S. Geological Survey. It is important to note that estimates are based on surveys; further in-depth research is needed for more accuracy.
 On 4 November 2008, the Commission adopted a Communication on "The raw materials initiative – meeting our critical needs for growth and jobs in Europe" (COM(2008)699.
 In shipbuilding, ship repair and conversion, marine equipment and design, such as the unique Double Acting Ship with the bow optimised for open water conditions and the stern designed for icebreaking. Dredging of Arctic ports is another field.
 Five bilateral delimitations have been negotiated. Unresolved are: Russia vs Norway in the Barents Sea, US vs Russia in the Bering Strait and US vs Canada in the Beaufort Sea. Canada and Denmark have a dispute over Hans Island. In addition, Norway and several countries, including EU Member States, interpret the applicability of the Svalbard Treaty in the 200 nm area around this archipelago differently.
 In 2001 Russia submitted a claim for a large portion of the Arctic, including the North Pole. Norway also submitted a claim; Denmark and Canada intend to establish claims.
 The dispute involves both the delimitation of Canada’s internal waters where they can fully regulate trespassing, and the right of Canada to adopt and enforce laws to prevent pollution from vessels in ice-covered waters.
 All Arctic states (except for the US), all EU Member States and the Community are parties to UNCLOS.
 The Ilulissat Declaration of the Arctic Ocean Conference of 28 May 2008.
 The Nordic Council of Ministers does valuable work promoting Arctic cooperation.
 Resolution of 9 October 2008 on Arctic governance.
 In the period 2007-2013, financial assistance of up to €25 million per year is allocated to Annual Action Programmes in support of the education and vocational training sector. Additionally, €15.8 million per year is devoted to fisheries.
 Having regard to the Commission Green Paper on Future relations between EU and OCTs - COM(2008) 383.

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the european union is inextricably linked to the arctic region (hereafter referred to as the arctic) by a unique combination of history, geography, economy and scientific achievements. three member states — denmark (greenland), finland and sweden — have territories in the arctic. two other arctic states — iceland and norway — are members of the european economic area. canada, russia and the united states are strategic partners of the eu. european arctic areas are a priority in the northern dimension policy. beyond areas of national jurisdiction, the arctic ocean contains parts pertaining to the high seas and the seabed managed by the international seabed authority.
the vast sea and land spaces of the arctic region are vital and vulnerable components of the earth’s environment and climate system. arctic air temperatures have been increasing twice as much as the global average. coverage of sea ice, snow cover and permafrost have been decreasing rapidly, triggering strong feed-back mechanisms that accelerate global warming. accelerated loss from the greenland ice sheet would raise sea levels rapidly and considerably.
in spite of harsh conditions, melting of ice and new technologies will gradually increase access to arctic living and non-living resources as well as to new navigation routes. although the arctic remains one of the most pristine areas on earth, it will be increasingly at risk from the combined effects of climate change and increased human activity.
eu policies in areas such as environment, climate change, energy, research, transport and fisheries have a direct bearing on the arctic. it is a fundamental premise of the eu’s integrated maritime policy that each sea-region is unique and needs individual attention in balancing its uses in a sustainable manner.
activities in eu member states — as most other countries — leave an environmental footprint in the arctic. addressing the root causes of arctic changes requires a global response. impacts resulting from climate change represent a challenge of paramount importance for the region at present and also for the future. the eu is a leader in fighting climate change and in promoting sustainable development. eu member states and the european community are parties to most multilateral environmental agreements of fundamental importance for the arctic. european industries are in the front line in developing technologies for safe and sustainable operations in harsh conditions — on land, in coastal zones and offshore.
while the arctic environment is particularly vulnerable, the low population and infrastructure density make emergency response management extremely difficult.
the main goal must be to prevent and mitigate the negative impact of climate change as well as to support adaptation to inevitable changes. prevention and mitigation action should also concern other global and trans-boundary processes with negative impacts in the arctic, such as long-range transport of pollutants. this should be complemented by developing a holistic, ecosystem-based management of human activities, ensuring that the latter are administered in a sustainable way, integrating environmental considerations at all levels. there is a need to improve emergency response management.
- assess the effectiveness of eu policies and of multilateral environmental agreements in responding to arctic environmental challenges.
- strengthen international efforts to mitigate climate change and identify areas where support for adaptation to the effects of climate change needs to be provided, including the adaptive management of biodiversity.
- promote permanent dialogue with ngos on the state of the environment in the arctic region.
- coordinate efforts with arctic states, territories and other stakeholders promoting high environmental standards. enhance ecosystem-based marine management in the arctic ocean by sharing eu experience with the arctic states.
- where strategies and projects of the eu affect the arctic, take account of environmental impacts before decisions are made. promote the use of impact assessments of projects, plans and programmes affecting the arctic environment, including strategic environmental assessments, and share experience with the arctic states.
- support screening and monitoring of chemicals in the arctic. step up efforts to reduce pollution of the arctic by persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and other contaminants, including those from land-based sources. continue supporting the destruction of stocks of harmful chemicals and the reduction of the risk of radioactive release in the arctic.
- pursue cooperation on prevention, preparedness and disaster response. the commission’s monitoring and information centre can contribute to enhancing eu disaster response capacity in the arctic. the commission will support concluding an agreement on emergency prevention and response in the barents euro-arctic council (beac).
- strengthen cooperation on improving primary energy savings, energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies in the arctic.
- contribute to assessing the impact on marine mammals of increased acoustic noise generated by human activities.
about a third of the 4 million people living in the arctic are indigenous. they are particularly vulnerable to the increasing pressures of climate change and globalisation.
- engage arctic indigenous peoples in a regular dialogue.
- provide opportunities for self-driven development and the protection of their lifestyle.
- support in particular the organisations and activities of the saami and of other peoples of the european arctic, inter alia under regional and cross-border programmes. promote northern european know-how in reindeer husbandry.
- continue efforts ensuring effective protection of whales especially within the framework of the international whaling commission (iwc), including in the arctic context. support proposals for the management of indigenous subsistence whaling, provided that conservation is not compromised, whaling operations are properly regulated and catches remain within the scope of documented and recognised subsistence needs.
- conduct dialogues with indigenous and other local communities traditionally engaged in the hunting of seals.
- the community is currently considering banning the placing on the market, import, transit and export of seal products. however, this should not adversely affect the fundamental economic and social interests of indigenous communities traditionally engaged in the hunting of seals. under the terms of the proposal for a regulation of the european parliament and of the council concerning trade in seal products, seal products resulting from hunts traditionally conducted by inuit communities which contribute to their subsistence are exempted. the proposal also foresees that trade is allowed in other cases where certain requirements are met regarding the manner and method whereby seals are killed and skinned. the commission’s dialogue with the indigenous communities concerned will aim to facilitate the practical implementation of these provisions.
policy responses should be based on assessments using the best available knowledge and understanding of the processes affecting the arctic. the arctic council has wide research programmes and publishes valuable assessments.
eu member states and the european community are major contributors to arctic research. the current seventh community framework programme addresses new projects and large international undertakings dealing with arctic-related research. the european polar board seeks to harmonise and maximise the impact of european polar research. the european environment agency has made a series of assessments, building on the work of the arctic council.
nevertheless, long-term monitoring, coordination and data availability remain insufficient for arctic research.
the european community should maintain the arctic as a priority area for research to close knowledge gaps and assess future anthropogenic impacts, especially in the area of climate change. moreover, it should strengthen international cooperation and interoperability and contribute to designing concrete steps for prevention, mitigation and adaptation.
- develop further research programmes dealing with sea-level rise, loss of sea ice and melting permafrost as well as related feedbacks leading to accelerated warming and having other anthropogenic impacts on the arctic ecosystems.
- assess the state and evolution of the arctic environment in order to contribute to the formulation of appropriate eu policies.
- create new research infrastructure and enhance monitoring and surveillance capabilities. contribute to the completion of the aurora borealis research icebreaker project.
- coordinate efforts in different research areas relevant to the arctic such as environment, transport, health and energy, as well as develop arctic technologies.
- ensure continuity in space measurements via gmes . support long-term measurements and reporting of marine data through the european marine observation and data network. contribute to establishing the arctic component of global earth observing system of systems.
- develop enhanced, broad international information exchange on research projects and facilitate coordination of national programmes. thus the eu should contribute to supporting the establishment of the sustained arctic observing network.
- ensure open access to information from arctic monitoring and research based on the principle of the shared environmental information system. facilitate and support outreach to the broader public.
the arctic contains large untapped hydrocarbon reserves. known arctic offshore resources are located inside the exclusive economic zone of arctic states. arctic resources could contribute to enhancing the eu’s security of supply concerning energy and raw materials in general. however, exploitation will be slow, since it presents great challenges and entails high costs due to harsh conditions and multiple environmental risks.
support for the exploitation of arctic hydrocarbon resources should be provided in full respect of strict environmental standards taking into account the particular vulnerability of the arctic. the eu edge in technologies for sustainable exploitation of resources in polar conditions should be maintained.
- work to strengthen the foundations for long-term cooperation, particularly with norway and the russian federation, facilitating the sustainable and environmentally friendly exploration, extraction and transportation of arctic hydrocarbon resources. as elsewhere, the guiding principles will be a level playing field and reciprocal market access.
- encourage the observance of the highest possible environmental standards. press for the introduction of binding international standards, building inter alia on the guidelines of the arctic council and relevant international conventions.
- promote further research and development in offshore technology and infrastructures. build on experience accumulated in european industry in offshore oil and gas exploitation. facilitate further research and innovation as emphasis shifts to even harsher climates and deeper waters.
- encourage the growth of maritime clusters where universities and research centres can provide trained staff and research facilities to smaller companies. much of the innovation will be driven by small and medium-sized enterprises in regional clusters.
- assess possibilities of endorsing the guidelines for oil and gas exploitation drafted by the arctic council.
the only significant arctic fisheries occur at present in the barents sea and to the east and south of the norwegian sea. nonetheless, climate change might bring increased productivity in some fish stocks and changes in spatial distributions of others. new areas may become attractive for fishing with increased access due to reduced sea ice coverage. for some of the arctic high seas waters there is not yet an international conservation and management regime in place. this might lead to unregulated fisheries.
the eu is among the most important consumers of arctic fish, of which only a small part is caught by community vessels. the european community is a member of the north east atlantic fisheries commission (neafc). it cooperates fully with states with sovereignty or jurisdiction in arctic waters, seeking not only to ensure fishing opportunities, but also to guarantee long-term conservation and optimum utilisation of fishery resources.
the eu’s main objective is to ensure exploitation of arctic fisheries resources at sustainable levels whilst respecting the rights of local coastal communities.
- put in place a regulatory framework for the part of the arctic high seas not yet covered by an international conservation and management regime before new fishing opportunities arise. this will prevent fisheries developing in a regulatory vacuum, and will ensure fair and transparent management of fisheries in accordance with the code of conduct for responsible fishing. in principle, extending the mandate of existing management organisations such as neafc is preferable to creating new ones. until a conservation and management regime is in place for the areas not yet covered by such a regime, no new fisheries should commence.
eu member states have the world’s largest merchant fleet and many of those ships use trans-oceanic routes. the melting of sea ice is progressively opening opportunities to navigate on routes through arctic waters. this could considerably shorten trips from europe to the pacific, save energy, reduce emissions, promote trade and diminish pressure on the main trans-continental navigation channels. but serious obstacles remain, including drift ice, lack of infrastructure, environmental risks and uncertainties about future trade patterns. hence the development of arctic commercial navigation will require time and effort.
it is in the eu's interest to explore and improve conditions for gradually introducing arctic commercial navigation, while promoting stricter safety and environmental standards as well as avoiding detrimental effects.
by the same token, member states and the community should defend the principle of freedom of navigation and the right of innocent passage in the newly opened routes and areas.
- promote the full implementation of existing obligations concerning navigation rules, maritime safety, routes system and environmental standards in the arctic, in particular those under the international maritime organisation (imo).
- stress the need to avoid discriminatory practices (in particular in terms of fees, obligatory services, regulations) by any of the arctic coastal states towards third countries’ merchant ships.
- improve maritime surveillance capabilities in the far north. the commission together with the european space agency is exploring a polar-orbiting satellite system that can pick up signals from anywhere on the globe. if successful, this would allow better knowledge of ship traffic and faster reactions to emergencies. the galileo satellite navigation system will also play an important role in the arctic for better and safer navigation, maritime surveillance and emergency response.
- within the applicable rules of competition law, maintain the competitive lead of european shipyards in developing technology required for arctic conditions. the potential to provide specially-designed, environment-friendly ships, including ice-breakers, is an important asset for the future.
- explore support for designating some arctic navigation routes as particularly sensitive sea areas under imo rules, if proposed by any of the arctic coastal states.
- support any further work to enhance imo environmental and safety standards applicable to arctic waters.
in the field of land and air transport in european arctic areas the main aim should be the development of east-west land and air transport infrastructures. the establishment of a northern dimension partnership on transport and logistics will further support better land connections between the eu and north-west russia, which are important for the future development of the area.
arctic tourism, especially cruise ship tourism, is developing rapidly, but several accidents have demonstrated associated risks.
the eu should continue to support sustainable arctic tourism, welcoming the efforts made to minimise its environmental footprint. protection of the environment and benefits to local coastal communities should be primary considerations.
- support increasing the safety of cruise ships, better guiding, restriction of access to highly vulnerable areas.
- encourage environmentally friendly tourism, involving local communities.
there is no specific treaty regime for the arctic. no country or group of countries have sovereignty over the north pole or the arctic ocean around it. there are several maritime borders where arctic coastal states have not agreed upon the delimitation of exclusive economic zones. submissions to the un commission on the limits of the continental shelf may result in overlapping claims. moreover, there are different interpretations of the conditions for passage of ships in some arctic waters, especially in the northwest passage.
an extensive international legal framework is already in place that also applies to the arctic. the provisions of the un convention on the law of the sea (unclos) provide the basis for the settlement of disputes including delimitation. unclos also contains rules for the use of living and non-living resources and the protection of the environment. moreover, there is a long range of multilateral environmental agreements applying to the arctic, frequently without comprising specific references to it.
in may 2008 five arctic ocean coastal states adopted a declaration stating that they remain committed to the legal framework in place and to the orderly settlement of any overlapping claims. since then, several of them have announced steps extending or affirming their national jurisdiction and strengthening their arctic presence.
the arctic council has been successful in preparing assessments, developing a regional identity and setting the arctic agenda. along with the beac and the nordic council of ministers, it is a participant in the northern dimension.
the european parliament has recently highlighted the importance of arctic governance and called for a standalone eu arctic policy urging the commission to take a proactive role in the arctic. the parliamentary dimension of arctic cooperation is crucial to raise awareness and to strengthen policy input. the european parliament has been playing a valuable role in this respect.
the european investment bank can support investments in parts of the arctic region, in accordance with its mandates, especially in the sectors of environment, transport, energy and research infrastructures.
the main problems relating to arctic governance include the fragmentation of the legal framework, the lack of effective instruments, the absence of an overall policy-setting process and gaps in participation, implementation and geographic scope.
- the full implementation of already existing obligations, rather than proposing new legal instruments should be advocated. this however should not preclude work on further developing some of the frameworks, adapting them to new conditions or arctic specificities.
- the eu should promote broad dialogue and negotiated solutions and not support arrangements which exclude any of the arctic eu member states or arctic eea efta countries.
- arctic considerations should be integrated into wider eu policies and negotiations.
- assess the effectiveness of arctic-relevant multilateral agreements to determine whether additional initiatives or measures are needed. closely follow the processes of maritime delimitation and of the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelves to assess their impacts on eu interests.
- explore the possibility of establishing new, multi-sector frameworks for integrated ecosystem management. this could include the establishment of a network of marine protected areas, navigational measures and rules for ensuring the sustainable exploitation of minerals.
- enhance input to the arctic council in accordance with the community’s role and potential. as a first step, the commission will apply for permanent observer status in the arctic council.
- suggest that northern dimension partners hold regular discussions about arctic issues and examine possibilities for projects under the northern dimension environmental partnership to cover wider areas in the european arctic. efforts in the area of energy efficiency and under new northern dimension partnerships will have great relevance for arctic cooperation.
- launch a reflection on possibilities for further development of arctic-related cross-border cooperation and regional programmes to enhance cooperation with the arctic states.
- explore all possibilities at international level to promote measures for protecting marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, including through the pursuit of an unclos implementing agreement.
- work towards the successful conclusion of international negotiations on marine protected areas on the high seas.
- discuss with norway and iceland how the marine strategy framework directive will be integrated into the eea agreement and thus apply to a part of the arctic ocean.
- include arctic matters in future high-level dialogue meetings on maritime affairs.
- provide an overview of all the eu’s relevant arctic-related activities on the thematic web-site on maritime affairs, and promote dialogue with stakeholders on these activities.
- explore — together with the nordic countries — possibilities for creating a european arctic information centre.
- establish closer links with arctic education networks.
being part of denmark, greenland is one of the overseas countries territories (octs) associated to the community. significant community financial assistance is provided to greenland through annual action programmes.
- enhance arctic-related cooperation with greenland. additional efforts should be envisaged to make the eu an even more important partner for greenland in managing its fragile environment and the challenges confronting its population.
the suggestions contained in this communication aim to provide the basis for a more detailed reflection. this will be useful for implementing the eu’s strategic initiatives, including the integrated maritime policy. the present communication should also lead to a structured and coordinated approach to arctic matters, as the first layer of an arctic policy for the european union. this will open new cooperation perspectives with the arctic states, helping all of us to increase stability and to establish the right balance between the priority goal of preserving the arctic environment and the need for sustainable use of resources.
 the notion “arctic region” used in this communication covers the area around the north pole north of the arctic circle. it includes the arctic ocean and territories of the eight arctic states: canada, denmark (including greenland), finland, iceland, norway, russia, sweden and the united states.
 provisions of the eea agreement ensure full participation of the eea efta countries in the internal market and in these respects allow for cooperation in fields such as environment, research, tourism and civil protection, all of great importance for the arctic.
 the northern dimension is a shared policy among its four partners: the european union, iceland, norway and russia, promoting stability, prosperity and sustainable development.
 arctic council finding (2005), confirmed by later measurements.
 forum for intergovernmental cooperation in the barents region.
 protocol 3 to the act of accession of sweden and finland.
 adopted by the council, the parliament and the commission in 2005.
 the arctic council is an intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation among arctic states involving indigenous communities.
 past community framework programmes (fp5 and fp6) provided support to more than 50 polar-related projects. this includes damocles, thes.
 past community framework programmes (fp5 and fp6) provided support to more than 50 polar-related projects. this includes damocles, the largest contribution to the international polar year. within fp6 the arctic-related budget reached €86 million.
 gmes (global monitoring for environment and security) is an eu initiative aiming at delivering sustainable and fully reliable information services based on earth observation capacities.
 cf. wood mackenzie and fugro robertson: “future of the arctic, a new dawn for exploration“ and assessments from the u.s. geological survey. it is important to note that estimates are based on surveys; further in-depth research is needed for more accuracy.
 on 4 november 2008, the commission adopted a communication on "the raw materials initiative – meeting our critical needs for growth and jobs in europe" (com(2008)699.
 in shipbuilding, ship repair and conversion, marine equipment and design, such as the unique double acting ship with the bow optimised for open water conditions and the stern designed for icebreaking. dredging of arctic ports is another field.
 five bilateral delimitations have been negotiated. unresolved are: russia vs norway in the barents sea, us vs russia in the bering strait and us vs canada in the beaufort sea. canada and denmark have a dispute over hans island. in addition, norway and several countries, including eu member states, interpret the applicability of the svalbard treaty in the 200 nm area around this archipelago differently.
 in 2001 russia submitted a claim for a large portion of the arctic, including the north pole. norway also submitted a claim; denmark and canada intend to establish claims.
 the dispute involves both the delimitation of canada’s internal waters where they can fully regulate trespassing, and the right of canada to adopt and enforce laws to prevent pollution from vessels in ice-covered waters.
 all arctic states (except for the us), all eu member states and the community are parties to unclos.
 the ilulissat declaration of the arctic ocean conference of 28 may 2008.
 the nordic council of ministers does valuable work promoting arctic cooperation.
 resolution of 9 october 2008 on arctic governance.
 in the period 2007-2013, financial assistance of up to €25 million per year is allocated to annual action programmes in support of the education and vocational training sector. additionally, €15.8 million per year is devoted to fisheries.
 having regard to the commission green paper on future relations between eu and octs - com(2008) 383.