text:
Shadows and Light…the monolithic grandeur of Led Zeppelin IV looms large over the landscape of ’70’s (indeed, everything to the present) popular music. Combining the best hard rock, heavy metal, blues, folk, and classic rock, Led Zeppelin IV set a standard of excellence in rock that imitators have yet to replicate.
Jimmy Page’s production, vision, writing, and guitar magic were at their peak, as was the presence of the Golden God himself, Mr. Robert Plant.
Plant composed some of his best lyrics and sang like a man possessed.
John Paul Jones, always the unsung hero of the band, played bass, mandolin, electric piano, synthesizers, and recorders. Jones has always been one of the most underrated musicians among elite bands, but true fans know Zeppelin would not have been the same without him.
John Henry Bonham laid down the thunderous drums and kept the rhythms flowing in unexpected ways. His drum intro to When The Levee Breaks is the absolute blueprint for how rock drums should sound (and was sampled in about a million rap and hip-hop tracks back in the day).
Stairway To Heaven was the big masterpiece that became the most-played song in FM radio history, but Black Dog, Rock And Roll, Going To California, Four Sticks, and Misty Mountain Hop were all absolutely brilliant and perfectly executed.
I think Battle Of Evermore may be my favorite Zeppelin tune of all, just something so astonishing going on between Plant and Sandy Denny’s vocal duet; the acoustic guitars and mandolins, Lord Of The Rings inspirations…like a Renaissance fair comes to life every time I hear that song!

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shadows and light…the monolithic grandeur of led zeppelin iv looms large over the landscape of ’70’s (indeed, everything to the present) popular music. combining the best hard rock, heavy metal, blues, folk, and classic rock, led zeppelin iv set a standard of excellence in rock that imitators have yet to replicate.
jimmy page’s production, vision, writing, and guitar magic were at their peak, as was the presence of the golden god himself, mr. robert plant.
plant composed some of his best lyrics and sang like a man possessed.
john paul jones, always the unsung hero of the band, played bass, mandolin, electric piano, synthesizers, and recorders. jones has always been one of the most underrated musicians among elite bands, but true fans know zeppelin would not have been the same without him.
john henry bonham laid down the thunderous drums and kept the rhythms flowing in unexpected ways. his drum intro to when the levee breaks is the absolute blueprint for how rock drums should sound (and was sampled in about a million rap and hip-hop tracks back in the day).
stairway to heaven was the big masterpiece that became the most-played song in fm radio history, but black dog, rock and roll, going to california, four sticks, and misty mountain hop were all absolutely brilliant and perfectly executed.
i think battle of evermore may be my favorite zeppelin tune of all, just something so astonishing going on between plant and sandy denny’s vocal duet; the acoustic guitars and mandolins, lord of the rings inspirations…like a renaissance fair comes to life every time i hear that song!


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My friend said he was attending a production of Hamlet at the Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey. Sometimes the jokes write themselves.
• Dis ting, ovuh awl udduh tings: Be true t’ yuh’self. Capiche?
• Lenduh? Borrowuh? F-ck dat, chief.
• Frail? Wutt uh you, a woman?
• Sumpin’ is rotten in duh Meadowlands—and it ain’t Jimmy Hoffa.
• Be, doughn’ be—stop axin’ so f-ckin’ many questions.
• Go live wit some nuns, you hooo-uh.
• Awright, TOO MUCH. Quit yer gripin’, lady.
• Ohhhhh!! Yorick! I knew dat guy! F-ckin’ A!
• Rosencrantz and Guildenstern? Thuh bagel-eatuhs got whacked.

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my friend said he was attending a production of hamlet at the shakespeare theatre of new jersey. sometimes the jokes write themselves.
• dis ting, ovuh awl udduh tings: be true t’ yuh’self. capiche?
• lenduh? borrowuh? f-ck dat, chief.
• frail? wutt uh you, a woman?
• sumpin’ is rotten in duh meadowlands—and it ain’t jimmy hoffa.
• be, doughn’ be—stop axin’ so f-ckin’ many questions.
• go live wit some nuns, you hooo-uh.
• awright, too much. quit yer gripin’, lady.
• ohhhhh!! yorick! i knew dat guy! f-ckin’ a!
• rosencrantz and guildenstern? thuh bagel-eatuhs got whacked.


text:
The photo was shot using a Hipstamatic 260 camera at an aperture of f/2.8, 1/15 sec. shutter speed and ISO 100. Flash did not fire.. The original image file has a resolution of 1936 x 1936 pixels, or in other words 3.7 megapixels.The photo has a resolution of 72 DPI and occupies a disk space of 1.20 megabytes.
According to the image metadata, the photo was shot on Saturday 17th of November 2012. The local time was 13:58:33. The timezone was Europe / Paris, which is GMT +02:00. Please note that timezone was guessed using the GPS coordinates and may not be accurate. The EXIF timestamp may also be wrong if the date and time weren't set correctly in the digital camera.
Hipstamatic 260 camera has a built-in GPS receiver and allows geotagging on image files. The coordinates and location where the photo was taken is stored in the EXIF. According to GPS data analysis, the photo was taken at coordinates 48° 51' 34.80" N , 2° 19' 37.20" E. The elevation was 0 meters. Using reverse geocoding, the address associated with the coordinates is guessed as 58-60 Rue de Lille, 75007 Paris, France. Depending on the GPS receiver and the reception conditions the accuracy may vary and the address should not be regarded as exact location.

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the photo was shot using a hipstamatic 260 camera at an aperture of f/2.8, 1/15 sec. shutter speed and iso 100. flash did not fire.. the original image file has a resolution of 1936 x 1936 pixels, or in other words 3.7 megapixels.the photo has a resolution of 72 dpi and occupies a disk space of 1.20 megabytes.
according to the image metadata, the photo was shot on saturday 17th of november 2012. the local time was 13:58:33. the timezone was europe / paris, which is gmt +02:00. please note that timezone was guessed using the gps coordinates and may not be accurate. the exif timestamp may also be wrong if the date and time weren't set correctly in the digital camera.
hipstamatic 260 camera has a built-in gps receiver and allows geotagging on image files. the coordinates and location where the photo was taken is stored in the exif. according to gps data analysis, the photo was taken at coordinates 48° 51' 34.80" n , 2° 19' 37.20" e. the elevation was 0 meters. using reverse geocoding, the address associated with the coordinates is guessed as 58-60 rue de lille, 75007 paris, france. depending on the gps receiver and the reception conditions the accuracy may vary and the address should not be regarded as exact location.


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Take a riding safari through Botswana, glide on a mokoro from the iconic Okavango Delta before stopping the trip with a high-end steamship in Zambia. Thick and dense forests, beaches, temples, cliffs and rocky shores are some from the attractions for tourists to see Kerala that is situated within the southern section of India. Thanks for visiting Malaysia the land of steep wonderment and the desired tourism destination of Southeast Asia. India holds great tradition as numerous kings ruled this land in the ancient times. These setting often make with a casual stroll, a perfect date spot, or maybe a scenic have a fun place to take pleasure from the day.
Let the setting detect Hue Vietnam and reserve this favorite tour. A body part which resembles a conventional Korean bell is used by these stupas. Standing about the bank of Yamuna it is the epitome of affection developed by Mughal emperor Shahjahan inside the memory of his beloved queen Mumtaj.
There might be legal grounds to contend against individuals going to a disaster scene and jumping inside car when they have been no reason to get there. Jaipur Rajasthan (Pink city): also referred to as the Pink City because of color with all the rock used exclusively in the walled city. You are welcomed with traditional royal privileges at birthright resorts. While some people certainly are a bit frightened in the pond that is mysterious, another drug is jumping in and cooling off to acquire a relief through a 105-degree desert heat. Oahu is one from the best places in the world you can pick holidaying.
Each time a Delhi vendor tied a purple scarf around Janna's neck was jumped, by her. Article Source: has become writing online article for journey destination and working being a travel advisor for the couple of years. The historical land of Rajasthan is also understood because of the parties that are celebrated here with great ardor and eagerness. As a foreigner you can receive something a bit distinct from that which you've observed throughout the picture or about that is reddish.
Taipei could be Taiwan's capital that is home to museums, historical monuments, many temples and teeming night markets. But this time of the problem should not be a source of amusement for folks driving with the places affected. ' 2015 ' January, February and March Always keep in mind the fare for those varieties of passengers is quoted in-relation to its US Dollar. The tour operator teaching locals with regards the best way to call dwelling in harmony from it, instead of ruining it and should also be involved in the education of them to the environment.

lowercased:
take a riding safari through botswana, glide on a mokoro from the iconic okavango delta before stopping the trip with a high-end steamship in zambia. thick and dense forests, beaches, temples, cliffs and rocky shores are some from the attractions for tourists to see kerala that is situated within the southern section of india. thanks for visiting malaysia the land of steep wonderment and the desired tourism destination of southeast asia. india holds great tradition as numerous kings ruled this land in the ancient times. these setting often make with a casual stroll, a perfect date spot, or maybe a scenic have a fun place to take pleasure from the day.
let the setting detect hue vietnam and reserve this favorite tour. a body part which resembles a conventional korean bell is used by these stupas. standing about the bank of yamuna it is the epitome of affection developed by mughal emperor shahjahan inside the memory of his beloved queen mumtaj.
there might be legal grounds to contend against individuals going to a disaster scene and jumping inside car when they have been no reason to get there. jaipur rajasthan (pink city): also referred to as the pink city because of color with all the rock used exclusively in the walled city. you are welcomed with traditional royal privileges at birthright resorts. while some people certainly are a bit frightened in the pond that is mysterious, another drug is jumping in and cooling off to acquire a relief through a 105-degree desert heat. oahu is one from the best places in the world you can pick holidaying.
each time a delhi vendor tied a purple scarf around janna's neck was jumped, by her. article source: has become writing online article for journey destination and working being a travel advisor for the couple of years. the historical land of rajasthan is also understood because of the parties that are celebrated here with great ardor and eagerness. as a foreigner you can receive something a bit distinct from that which you've observed throughout the picture or about that is reddish.
taipei could be taiwan's capital that is home to museums, historical monuments, many temples and teeming night markets. but this time of the problem should not be a source of amusement for folks driving with the places affected. ' 2015 ' january, february and march always keep in mind the fare for those varieties of passengers is quoted in-relation to its us dollar. the tour operator teaching locals with regards the best way to call dwelling in harmony from it, instead of ruining it and should also be involved in the education of them to the environment.


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A woman who fell in love with a puppy whose photo she saw online was left “empty-handed and broken-hearted” after a pet-shipping company kept her money but never sent the purchased pug.
The situation has prompted the Better Business Bureau in Albuquerque to issue an alert about the company – Mail Pet Express Travel Agency – which says it’s located in Santa Fe. The address it uses is actually “a million-dollar mansion that is listed for sale … and has no connection to a business breeding, selling and/or offering to ship puppies,” the BBB says.
The local BBB was unable to verify the company’s location, but its website – which has no content but takes you to a general search page – is registered in Yaounde, Cameroon. The Journal also was unable to locate the company.
In addition, it does not have a required license from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to ship animals, the BBB said.
The broken-hearted woman contacted the supposed breeder after seeing pictures of the puppy. She was then contacted by the company and paid it $500 via Money Gram.
Soon after, she received an email saying she had to pay an additional $1,520 fee because weather conditions meant the puppy would have to be shipped in an electrified crate, the alert said. That’s when she contacted the BBB.
If you are thinking of using an animal shipping service, you can check the shipper’s licensing with the U.S. Department of Agriculture at aphis.usda.gov/ or by calling 844-820-2234.
If you get a phone call saying your lottery ticket is a winner, you are likely the target of a scam. Especially if you didn’t buy a lottery ticket.
The New Mexico Lottery says the most common kind of scam it sees is this: A caller, most often someone sounding like they’re from a foreign country, tells you that you have won the lottery.
They say, for example, if you send them $5,000 in “earnest money,” they’ll send you your $100 million winnings, explains Vince Torrez, New Mexico Lottery executive vice president for security. The scam can happen by phone or email, and sometimes they’ll even use the state lottery’s logo, he says.
The lottery does not call make any kind of initial call to people, informing them they have won. In fact, it works in the opposite way. You must notify the lottery if you have the winning numbers. (You can find out what those are from the lottery website or hotline, local media or some retailers.) You must produce your ticket, which will go through a validation process before you are awarded any prizes.
This might seem obvious, but – you can’t win if you didn’t play. Even though it’s tempting to believe that you won something, it’s just not possible if you didn’t enter.
Never respond or send money to someone who offers you a guarantee of winning a prize. The New Mexico Lottery does not guarantee you a prize, only a chance of winning one if you buy a legal ticket from an authorized retailer.

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a woman who fell in love with a puppy whose photo she saw online was left “empty-handed and broken-hearted” after a pet-shipping company kept her money but never sent the purchased pug.
the situation has prompted the better business bureau in albuquerque to issue an alert about the company – mail pet express travel agency – which says it’s located in santa fe. the address it uses is actually “a million-dollar mansion that is listed for sale … and has no connection to a business breeding, selling and/or offering to ship puppies,” the bbb says.
the local bbb was unable to verify the company’s location, but its website – which has no content but takes you to a general search page – is registered in yaounde, cameroon. the journal also was unable to locate the company.
in addition, it does not have a required license from the u.s. department of agriculture to ship animals, the bbb said.
the broken-hearted woman contacted the supposed breeder after seeing pictures of the puppy. she was then contacted by the company and paid it $500 via money gram.
soon after, she received an email saying she had to pay an additional $1,520 fee because weather conditions meant the puppy would have to be shipped in an electrified crate, the alert said. that’s when she contacted the bbb.
if you are thinking of using an animal shipping service, you can check the shipper’s licensing with the u.s. department of agriculture at aphis.usda.gov/ or by calling 844-820-2234.
if you get a phone call saying your lottery ticket is a winner, you are likely the target of a scam. especially if you didn’t buy a lottery ticket.
the new mexico lottery says the most common kind of scam it sees is this: a caller, most often someone sounding like they’re from a foreign country, tells you that you have won the lottery.
they say, for example, if you send them $5,000 in “earnest money,” they’ll send you your $100 million winnings, explains vince torrez, new mexico lottery executive vice president for security. the scam can happen by phone or email, and sometimes they’ll even use the state lottery’s logo, he says.
the lottery does not call make any kind of initial call to people, informing them they have won. in fact, it works in the opposite way. you must notify the lottery if you have the winning numbers. (you can find out what those are from the lottery website or hotline, local media or some retailers.) you must produce your ticket, which will go through a validation process before you are awarded any prizes.
this might seem obvious, but – you can’t win if you didn’t play. even though it’s tempting to believe that you won something, it’s just not possible if you didn’t enter.
never respond or send money to someone who offers you a guarantee of winning a prize. the new mexico lottery does not guarantee you a prize, only a chance of winning one if you buy a legal ticket from an authorized retailer.


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Every moment of every day we are accompanied, guided and counseled by our spirit guides. Some stay with us for life, others join us for only a short time, but there is never a time we are alone. For most people their help goes unnoticed, called a hunch or good luck, we are always helped and guided.
Communicating and meeting your spirit guides on a conscious level is one of the great opportunities of the spiritual path.
In this workshop we will explore the role your spirit guides play in your daily life as well as looking at how you can commune with them in your day to day life. We will also briefly explore the chakra system and how you can use it access your higher self.
Finally we will move through a guided meditation walking through the chakras and finally greet our spirit guides in the crown chakra.

lowercased:
every moment of every day we are accompanied, guided and counseled by our spirit guides. some stay with us for life, others join us for only a short time, but there is never a time we are alone. for most people their help goes unnoticed, called a hunch or good luck, we are always helped and guided.
communicating and meeting your spirit guides on a conscious level is one of the great opportunities of the spiritual path.
in this workshop we will explore the role your spirit guides play in your daily life as well as looking at how you can commune with them in your day to day life. we will also briefly explore the chakra system and how you can use it access your higher self.
finally we will move through a guided meditation walking through the chakras and finally greet our spirit guides in the crown chakra.


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SAN FRANCISCO, CA - Actify Inc today introduced its next generation publishing platform called Centro™, now available to customers. Centro enables manufacturing organizations and their supply chains to easily access, interact with and communicate part data through SpinFire across their wide area networks.
"Centro is a new product from the ground up," says David Opsahl, Actify's CEO. "As more and more of our customers expand their SpinFire installations, and we see larger installations more often with new customers, we realized we needed a new platform for delivering 2D and 3D product data to SpinFire users that could be configured to the requirements of those customers. When it comes to things like dealing with high volumes of data, and integration to other sources of data, Centro is a huge leap forward for SpinFire users in that regard."
A key element of the design of Centro was new core technology for the processing of native 2D and 3D CAD data. The advancements of this core will be part of the SpinFire 9.1 release scheduled for June, providing stand-alone SpinFire users with the benefits of the new core technology. Another high priority element of the Centro design is a new queuing technology that dramatically improves processing times and failure recovery, as well as a robust web services interface that can be configured to either access data from other sources, or permit other applications to take advantage of the publishing capabilities of Centro. Centro preserves the capability present in SpinFire Publisher to have data processed via a set of "watched" folders contained in a file system or systems.
Centro is available to existing SpinFire Publisher customers as part of their current maintenance agreements as an upgrade; SpinFire Publisher 3.4 is the last release of that product. New customers will be able to license Centro under subscription agreements.

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san francisco, ca - actify inc today introduced its next generation publishing platform called centro™, now available to customers. centro enables manufacturing organizations and their supply chains to easily access, interact with and communicate part data through spinfire across their wide area networks.
"centro is a new product from the ground up," says david opsahl, actify's ceo. "as more and more of our customers expand their spinfire installations, and we see larger installations more often with new customers, we realized we needed a new platform for delivering 2d and 3d product data to spinfire users that could be configured to the requirements of those customers. when it comes to things like dealing with high volumes of data, and integration to other sources of data, centro is a huge leap forward for spinfire users in that regard."
a key element of the design of centro was new core technology for the processing of native 2d and 3d cad data. the advancements of this core will be part of the spinfire 9.1 release scheduled for june, providing stand-alone spinfire users with the benefits of the new core technology. another high priority element of the centro design is a new queuing technology that dramatically improves processing times and failure recovery, as well as a robust web services interface that can be configured to either access data from other sources, or permit other applications to take advantage of the publishing capabilities of centro. centro preserves the capability present in spinfire publisher to have data processed via a set of "watched" folders contained in a file system or systems.
centro is available to existing spinfire publisher customers as part of their current maintenance agreements as an upgrade; spinfire publisher 3.4 is the last release of that product. new customers will be able to license centro under subscription agreements.


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GretagMacbeth Loyalty Programme - Why Upgrade Eye-One system?
The new Eye-One system has improved both speed and ease-of-use. It now has the capability to measure up to 300 patches per minute, and the addition of the backboard and ruler makes the Eye-One even more user friendly. Further benefits include the new editing module in the Eye-One match software, allowing users to edit profiles quickly and easily. All new Eye-One’s also come with a soft carry case; this accommodates all the components of the Eye-One including the Ruler and backing board and is the perfect way to keep you Eye-One safe. In addition, the new version of the Eye-One will allow users to make the most of the new iO. The Eye-One iO is an automated measurement table that will provide fast, controlled test chart reading, that will increase productivity, lower the level of operator skill required, and reduce the risk of errors, thereby ensuring consistent and reliable results with the Eye-One Pro spectrophotometer.
“The Eye-One has been the most successful, professional level colour management solution in the market for some time. The new version has added good value to the products, bringing a welcome ease of use and enhanced patch reading capabilities. Ensuring that existing customers can have access to this new solution is a fantastic way of saying thank you to customers who have trusted the Eye-One to deliver colour accurate results time and time again.” said Geoffrey Clements, Managing Director, Colour Confidence.
• If you already own an Eye-One Display and are looking to improve your entire colour management workflow, receive an £150 discount when you purchase an Eye-one Photo.
GretagMacbeth is a worldwide technological leader of colour management solutions for graphic arts, photography, digital imaging, paints, plastics, apparel, textiles and automotive, among other industries. GretagMacbeth Global Services offers colour services worldwide, including customised on-site training, hands-on classroom workshops, travelling seminars, online webinars, and rich media eLearning. Global Services also offers many levels of support including live Hotline, online Colour Knowledge Centre, equipment service and certification, as well as testing and profiling.

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gretagmacbeth loyalty programme - why upgrade eye-one system?
the new eye-one system has improved both speed and ease-of-use. it now has the capability to measure up to 300 patches per minute, and the addition of the backboard and ruler makes the eye-one even more user friendly. further benefits include the new editing module in the eye-one match software, allowing users to edit profiles quickly and easily. all new eye-one’s also come with a soft carry case; this accommodates all the components of the eye-one including the ruler and backing board and is the perfect way to keep you eye-one safe. in addition, the new version of the eye-one will allow users to make the most of the new io. the eye-one io is an automated measurement table that will provide fast, controlled test chart reading, that will increase productivity, lower the level of operator skill required, and reduce the risk of errors, thereby ensuring consistent and reliable results with the eye-one pro spectrophotometer.
“the eye-one has been the most successful, professional level colour management solution in the market for some time. the new version has added good value to the products, bringing a welcome ease of use and enhanced patch reading capabilities. ensuring that existing customers can have access to this new solution is a fantastic way of saying thank you to customers who have trusted the eye-one to deliver colour accurate results time and time again.” said geoffrey clements, managing director, colour confidence.
• if you already own an eye-one display and are looking to improve your entire colour management workflow, receive an £150 discount when you purchase an eye-one photo.
gretagmacbeth is a worldwide technological leader of colour management solutions for graphic arts, photography, digital imaging, paints, plastics, apparel, textiles and automotive, among other industries. gretagmacbeth global services offers colour services worldwide, including customised on-site training, hands-on classroom workshops, travelling seminars, online webinars, and rich media elearning. global services also offers many levels of support including live hotline, online colour knowledge centre, equipment service and certification, as well as testing and profiling.


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Paul Whibley and Jordan Ashburn are two of the hottest riders in the GNCC series and both have confirmed that they will be back to compete in the 2012 KENDA Tennessee Knockout. Whibley, the current GNCC Championship point’s leader and 2009 champion finished fifth in the 2011 TKO and proved to be a contender in the “Extreme Enduro” conditions found at the Trials Training Center.
Jordan Ashburn, the former GNCC XC-2 Champion from Tennessee rode incredibly strong last year to finish sixth at the TKO.
“The KENDA Tennessee Knockout is a really tough event and Paul’s incredible fitness will allow him to compete for the win and Jordan is excited to compete in his home state again” stated Randy Hawkins, the AmPro Yamaha team owner and off-road racing legend. “They both learned a lot by competing last year and expect to fight for the win”.

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paul whibley and jordan ashburn are two of the hottest riders in the gncc series and both have confirmed that they will be back to compete in the 2012 kenda tennessee knockout. whibley, the current gncc championship point’s leader and 2009 champion finished fifth in the 2011 tko and proved to be a contender in the “extreme enduro” conditions found at the trials training center.
jordan ashburn, the former gncc xc-2 champion from tennessee rode incredibly strong last year to finish sixth at the tko.
“the kenda tennessee knockout is a really tough event and paul’s incredible fitness will allow him to compete for the win and jordan is excited to compete in his home state again” stated randy hawkins, the ampro yamaha team owner and off-road racing legend. “they both learned a lot by competing last year and expect to fight for the win”.


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Check out these 8 genius DIY mouse traps!
This is a very simple DIY mouse trap that will easily catch a mouse. All you have to do is smear some peanut butter inside the glass (on the bottom) and turn it upside down so it rests on the nickel. As soon as the mouse enters and starts eating the peanut butter, the nickel will get displaced and the glass will trap the mouse.
Using a shoebox will effortlessly help you catch a mouse or two. Simply take a shoebox, cut a rectangular hole on top, and glue some paper so it forms a trap door. Place some bait in the middle of the paper and put the shoebox in a nice position. The mice will climb up, realize there’s food available, and fall into the shoebox since the paper can’t hold them!
Balance the empty toilet paper roll on the edge of your table. Put some bait on the far end and place a bucket under the toilet paper roll. Once the mouse tries to take the food, the balance will be disrupted and both the mouse and the roll will fall into the bucket. Make sure it’s tall enough so the mouse can’t climb out of it!
Cut the top part of the bottle and turn it upside down in the bottom part of the bottle. Fasten the edges with something (preferably duct tape) and place some bait at the bottleneck (but make sure that it doesn’t fall inside instantly). Put the bottle next to a shelf and secure it at the bottom so it doesn’t tip over once the mouse falls through the bottleneck!
Get a large bucket and create an entry point near the top of the bucket on the sides. It needn’t be large; just about the size of a mouse. Place a platform (which is secured to the top of the bucket) so the mouse can climb onto it. A bit of peanut butter on the other side and voila! The mouse will disrupt the platform which will make it fall to the bottom of the bucket.
The process is very similar to the one above except you don’t use a platform. Using a can might seem counter-intuitive but if you do it correctly, there’s no way that the mouse will escape. The mouse will climb onto the can (in an attempt to reach peanut butter which is on the other side) and will fall into the bucket (as the can will spin).
Again, very similar concept to the above two traps except you’ll be using a plate. Make sure that you place the plate on top of the bucket but off balance (basically, make one side larger than the other and keep the larger side balanced by using the bucket). The mouse will fall into the bucket once it attempts to cross the plate and get to the bait.
This DIY trap is also relatively simple to make but you need to be careful. This video sums it up pretty well and it explains the logic behind it.

lowercased:
check out these 8 genius diy mouse traps!
this is a very simple diy mouse trap that will easily catch a mouse. all you have to do is smear some peanut butter inside the glass (on the bottom) and turn it upside down so it rests on the nickel. as soon as the mouse enters and starts eating the peanut butter, the nickel will get displaced and the glass will trap the mouse.
using a shoebox will effortlessly help you catch a mouse or two. simply take a shoebox, cut a rectangular hole on top, and glue some paper so it forms a trap door. place some bait in the middle of the paper and put the shoebox in a nice position. the mice will climb up, realize there’s food available, and fall into the shoebox since the paper can’t hold them!
balance the empty toilet paper roll on the edge of your table. put some bait on the far end and place a bucket under the toilet paper roll. once the mouse tries to take the food, the balance will be disrupted and both the mouse and the roll will fall into the bucket. make sure it’s tall enough so the mouse can’t climb out of it!
cut the top part of the bottle and turn it upside down in the bottom part of the bottle. fasten the edges with something (preferably duct tape) and place some bait at the bottleneck (but make sure that it doesn’t fall inside instantly). put the bottle next to a shelf and secure it at the bottom so it doesn’t tip over once the mouse falls through the bottleneck!
get a large bucket and create an entry point near the top of the bucket on the sides. it needn’t be large; just about the size of a mouse. place a platform (which is secured to the top of the bucket) so the mouse can climb onto it. a bit of peanut butter on the other side and voila! the mouse will disrupt the platform which will make it fall to the bottom of the bucket.
the process is very similar to the one above except you don’t use a platform. using a can might seem counter-intuitive but if you do it correctly, there’s no way that the mouse will escape. the mouse will climb onto the can (in an attempt to reach peanut butter which is on the other side) and will fall into the bucket (as the can will spin).
again, very similar concept to the above two traps except you’ll be using a plate. make sure that you place the plate on top of the bucket but off balance (basically, make one side larger than the other and keep the larger side balanced by using the bucket). the mouse will fall into the bucket once it attempts to cross the plate and get to the bait.
this diy trap is also relatively simple to make but you need to be careful. this video sums it up pretty well and it explains the logic behind it.


text:
At Hardwood Installation Guys, we will be available to satisfy all your needs for Hardwood Installation in Kanarraville, UT. Our team of highly skilled contractors will provide the products and services that you require with the most innovative technology in the industry. We make certain that you get the highest quality support, the ultimate price, and the finest quality materials. Contact us today by dialing 844-244-6299 and we will be happy to discuss the alternatives, answer your questions, and arrange a scheduled appointment to begin planning your task.
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You should be knowledgeable when it comes to Hardwood Installation in Kanarraville, UT. You won't want to enter into it without consideration, and it is best to be aware of what you should expect. This is the reason we make every effort to make sure that you understand the procedure and are not confronted with any sort of unexpected surprises. You can start by discussing your project with our customer service reps when you dial 844-244-6299. We'll reply to all of your important questions and arrange the preliminary appointment. We consistently appear at the scheduled hour, ready to work closely with you.
If you're arranging a venture regarding Hardwood Installation in Kanarraville, UT, there are plenty of reasons to call Hardwood Installation Guys. Our products are of the very best quality, our money saving techniques are helpful and efficient, and our customer satisfaction ratings will not be beat. Our company has the experience you need to fulfill your ambitions. Dial 844-244-6299 if you need Hardwood Installations in Kanarraville, and we will work with you to systematically finish your project.

lowercased:
at hardwood installation guys, we will be available to satisfy all your needs for hardwood installation in kanarraville, ut. our team of highly skilled contractors will provide the products and services that you require with the most innovative technology in the industry. we make certain that you get the highest quality support, the ultimate price, and the finest quality materials. contact us today by dialing 844-244-6299 and we will be happy to discuss the alternatives, answer your questions, and arrange a scheduled appointment to begin planning your task.
spending less is a valuable part for your work. at the same time, you need the most effective and finest standard of services for hardwood installation in kanarraville, ut. our efforts to save you money won't compromise on the high quality of our results. our goal is to make sure that you have the best quality materials and a project which can last throughout the years. this is achievable since we recognize how to save you time and funds on supplies and work. call hardwood installation guys when you need the most effective solutions at the cheapest rate. we're waiting to answer your call at 844-244-6299.
you should be knowledgeable when it comes to hardwood installation in kanarraville, ut. you won't want to enter into it without consideration, and it is best to be aware of what you should expect. this is the reason we make every effort to make sure that you understand the procedure and are not confronted with any sort of unexpected surprises. you can start by discussing your project with our customer service reps when you dial 844-244-6299. we'll reply to all of your important questions and arrange the preliminary appointment. we consistently appear at the scheduled hour, ready to work closely with you.
if you're arranging a venture regarding hardwood installation in kanarraville, ut, there are plenty of reasons to call hardwood installation guys. our products are of the very best quality, our money saving techniques are helpful and efficient, and our customer satisfaction ratings will not be beat. our company has the experience you need to fulfill your ambitions. dial 844-244-6299 if you need hardwood installations in kanarraville, and we will work with you to systematically finish your project.


text: Sharing original vintage press photos of female screenwriters circa 1917. The team of Jane Cowl and Jane Murfin. Margaret Mayo, married to Edgar Selwyn at the time Goldwyn Pictures was formed, is shown on two 1917 photos from that year of Goldwyn’s launch.

lowercased: sharing original vintage press photos of female screenwriters circa 1917. the team of jane cowl and jane murfin. margaret mayo, married to edgar selwyn at the time goldwyn pictures was formed, is shown on two 1917 photos from that year of goldwyn’s launch.


text: Do you like t killa? In this case you can find all songs and free download to you phone, tablen or PC. You don't need registration and it will absolutely free.

lowercased: do you like t killa? in this case you can find all songs and free download to you phone, tablen or pc. you don't need registration and it will absolutely free.


text:
Things were looking up for William Obio when he decided to invest more in his logging business. For the first time in years, his nine children and three brothers were eating well, and he could support his over half-a-dozen team of machine operators, saw men, scouts, and wood carriers.
Such success, rare in Owai, a heavily forested and impoverished community less than 20 kilometres from Nigeria’s southern border with Cameroon, emboldened Mr. Obio. He took a chance and purchased a small cassava crushing machine and got more saws.
“God answered our prayers; things really changed,” said the part-time pastor.
Everything indeed changed in 2008, Mr. Obio said, when the Cross River government imposed a sweeping ban on forest use in the state’s 18 local government areas, including Mr. Obio’s Akamkpa – where Owai is located.
Governor Liyel Imoke had said wealthy merchants, mostly from outside the state, were taking advantage of lax laws to deplete the state’s forest cover.
The site of more than half of Nigeria’s remaining rainforest, the governor warned, Cross River needed to save its green stock to boost investment and tourism. Under this plan, the state would become Nigeria’s pilot site for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), a United Nations climate change mitigation programme that offers payment to states and communities for conserving their forest.
For a state that had lost monthly federal payments to oil producing states, following the ceding of oil-rich Bakassi peninsula to Cameroon in 2008, the proposal drew wide support. Besides, Cross River’s forest cover had declined from 7,920 to 6,102 square kilometres between 1991 and 2008, according to figures from Nigeria’s Ministry of Environment.
In the years that followed, the government fiercely enforced the embargo and chased out local traders like Obio, seized wood, and raided timber markets. Officials also stopped locals from hunting game and fetching bush mango and afang – popular delicacies in the region.
As the new policy disrupted traditional livelihoods many forest communities relied on, the government failed to provide alternative means of support, despite making clear that promised benefits from REDD+ payments would take years to come.
Michael Eraye, Cross River State’s Commissioner of Environment told PREMIUM TIMES that the government did make efforts to equip those affected with new skills, but poor funding affected the plans. He said the government built roads in affected areas, as part of its compensation plans.
Salisu Dahiru, Nigeria’s UN-REDD Coordinator, said efforts to find affected communities and determine how their livelihoods are linked to the forest, were ongoing. But he acknowledged that training programmes had yet to commence nearly eight years after the first ban, and four years after the start of the REDD+ programme.
Meanwhile, only a few years after the REDD+ initiative got underway in Cross River State, Governor Imoke, who had once championed the programme, quietly began to back away even as the ban continued. In May 2015, days before leaving office after eight years as governor, Mr. Imoke told shocked officials that REDD+ did not return on investment.
“I got to the point when I felt that it was not worth my effort,” Mr. Imoke said, according to the UN-REDD National Programme Semi-Annual Report January to June 2015 edition. Two senior officials who attended the meeting confirmed the former governor made those remarks. They said the governor directed his comments at Odigha Odigha, head of the state forestry commission at the time.
The report said months before the meeting, state officials demonstrated diminishing interest in REDD+, and the ambitious programme began to stall.
The first phase, known as the Readiness Phase, is now set to end in December 2016, nearly two years later than originally intended. Local communities will have to wait much longer for REDD+ resource-based payments, if they ever come. While they wait, little to no help has come from the state.
A PREMIUM TIMES’ examination of Cross River State’s anti-deforestation and climate change mitigation programme, which began in 2008, shows how the implementation of an otherwise well-intentioned policy deprived forest-dependent communities of their primary source of livelihood. It also provides a glimpse into the abuse and policy missteps that characterised the government’s execution of the programme.
Forests play an integral role in regulating the amount of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. When present, they absorb carbon emitted by human activity—an estimated 25 per cent of these emissions over the past four decades—and help moderate the effects of climate change. When lost through deforestation, they release carbon back into the atmosphere and are responsible for up to 20 per cent of global manmade carbon dioxide emissions.
REDD+ is a global mechanism designed to reward governments in developing nations for preserving forests and constraining the impacts of climate change. To date, REDD+ has pledged nearly US$ 10 billion to developing countries, with $4 million allocated for Nigeria’s National Programme, of which Cross River State is a pilot model.
The first formal steps taken by the Governor Imoke administration toward monetizing Cross River State’s vast forest resources began in October 2009, a year after the forest embargo went into effect. Mr. Imoke worked with the then Minister of the Environment, John Odey, a Cross River native, to apply to be part of REDD+.
In addition to joining the Governors’ Climate and Forest Task Force, based in the United States, Mr. Imoke attended COP 15 in Copenhagen later that year, where he announced efforts to protect Cross River’s tropical forests.
In April 2010, Nigeria became a UN-REDD partner country, and from then, followed through with a series of REDD+ programmes.
Despite such efforts, the government failed to provide economic relief for the local population and did not fully engage with them before and after the ban, those interviewed told PREMIUM TIMES.
Tony Attah, in charge of the Cross River forestry commission’s outreach programmes, acknowledged that the ban and initial phase of REDD+ were not well communicated. Despite initial missteps, he said that extensive community engagements were carried out by the state between January and August 2014.
Many environmentalists who support forest conservation, however, have taken issue with the REDD+ programme, blaming it for loss of indigenous land rights and branding it as property colonisation by developed nations. They also argue that the programme lacks mechanisms to ensure pledged payments reach affected people and are not pocketed by greedy politicians or other representatives.
They argue that forest-dependent communities like Mr. Obio’s Owai, who have yet to receive any payments years after the forest ban went into place, are made to pay more than their fair share for environmental clean-up, and for the pollution caused by developed countries.
The Cross River timber union has said thousands of its members and affiliate workers, lost their livelihood—some, allegedly, even their lives—after the ban. They include timber dealers, machine operators, saw men, scouts, and carriers.
“Our members lost out when the ban started, some died of shock. Many lost everything they had,” said David Essien, the head of Akim Timber Market union, the biggest timber market in the state.
Reliable statistics depicting such damage are hard to come by in the state, but studies conducted in the area paint a gloomy picture.
The Social Development Integrated Centre, a Port Harcourt-based policy analysis group, in a 2014 report on the impact of REDD in Cross River, concluded that “the move towards REDD has been made without any clear community development programme that addresses livelihoods and income generation alternatives for forest dependent communities”.
Before 2008, to harvest timber in Cross River, the state required loggers to pay between N20, 000 (US$102) and N50, 000 (US$254)—of which 70 per cent went to communities as royalty. Dealers were also required to plant five seedlings as replacement, and be cleared or “stamped” by forestry commission officials that harvested timber was mature.
The ban stopped the royalty and kept communities from harvesting wood even to build their homes, said Oyi Akama, the village head of Owai. Importantly, it kept many youth out of work.
Stephen Mbeh, head of nearby Oban town, told PREMIUM TIMES how a government task force twice seized timber he harvested to construct a home. He succeeded the third time after young people in the town helped ward off the enforcers.
“This is our own oil. This is all we have, and even to cut mango at your backyard, we could not,” he said.
Mr. Obio began his lumber business in Owai, a small community with no access road, electricity or potable water, in 1998. His mother, the family’s breadwinner, had died five years earlier.
After getting clearance from the government to harvest from areas with mature timber, Obio logged at least once a week and sold to buyers from distant towns. “We were beginning to do well a little. I even paid fees for my brothers,” he said.
By the time the ban came into force, Mr. Obio’s business was booming. He purchased six sawing machines and had broken ground on a block family home—a rarity in Owai where the majority of people live in mud houses.
He initially brushed off the news as rumour when he heard about the ban on the radio—as many others did—in August 2008. Two days later, he says, he saw members of the state anti-deforestation task force rounding up a man who frequently bought timber from him. The operatives confiscated the logs and forced the man to drive to Calabar, the state capital.
“That was when I knew it was serious,” Mr. Obio said.
In the days that followed, a brutal crackdown unfolded. The taskforce barred Obio and others from removing harvested wood from the forests. This claim was echoed by other timber dealers PREMIUM TIMES interviewed in the region.
Anietie Bassey, vice president of a timber market in Calabar, said the task force not only seized his timber, but also seven of his sawing machines during a raid in 2010. Mr. Bassey suffered a stroke shortly after the incident, an ailment he says was brought on by the loss of his business. He is yet to fully recover.
Mr. Obio said he lost four of his six sawing machines in a similar raid.
Seized machines and timber were never recovered. Those arrested were freed after the payment of fines ranging between N150, 000 to N1 million, dealers said.
Those interviewed, including government officials, community leaders, timber traders and activists, accused the armed taskforce of violating people’s rights—even attacking dealers with supplies from outside the state—and arbitrarily detaining people and seizing their equipment for years after the ban went into effect.
The head of the taskforce at the time, Peter Jenkins, told PREMIUM TIMES he could not immediately respond to the claims without knowledge of where they originated from. The communities, he said, initially told the government they needed roads and some were indeed provided. Though he defended the government’s policy, he acknowledged that more could have been done to ease the impact of the ban.
Asked about allegations of highhandedness, Odigha Odigha, the former chairman of Cross River’s forestry commission, told PREMIUM TIMES that the taskforce refused to submit to his supervision.
Two senior forestry commission officials in Calabar, who asked not to be named, told PREMIUM TIMES that they believed both the ban and its implementation were flawed.
“The ban on logging was wrong, but its implementation was worse. The anti-deforestation task force was supposed to be under the forestry commission, but it was lawless, reporting directly to the governor,” the first official said.
“REDD did not say don’t cut down trees, it is a wrong perception. You can’t say don’t cut down the forest without alternatives,” said the second. She also spoke of a “lawless taskforce”.
Edem Edem, the programme coordinator of Green Concern for Development, an environmental advocacy group in Abuja, said he initially supported the ban until “they started violating people’s rights”.
“That was when I backed off,” Mr. Edem said.
Initial funding for the $4 million project was meant to finance preliminary REDD+ processes like preparing an action plan, training officials, providing environmental and social safeguards, and others. The money was not meant for the communities. Mr. Edem said the state spent much of its budget organising endless “workshops and seminars”.
Bridget Nkor, the state coordinator of REDD+, told PREMIUM TIMES that the state was worried about not providing alternatives for the affected communities. “That is one area that raised a lot of concerns,” she said.
Due to the structure of the REDD+ programme, it’s likely that any economic benefit for affected people could take years to materialise.
But Mr. Dahiru, the national coordinator for the programme, used the example of a charcoal vendor to illustrate the impacts that REDD+ programs can have on local communities.
Instead of continuing to use wood—which destroys the forest—REDD will support the person with needed skills to grow bamboo, he said.
The only problem is that the REDD+ programme would not directly support the funding needs of such initiatives. Though it could help those trained receive support from donors at the later Investment Phase, this third stage could take five or more years to attain.
Such trainings in Cross River State are currently targeted at only 30 pilot communities. Even so, they remain mere proposals seven years after the first ban started. An October 2015 UN-REDD progress report said proposals had been submitted and approved, but implementation would not start until late 2016, four years after the REDD+ project started.
Activists say a rapid response should come from the state government, which so far has done little in support of the communities.
Despite the ban on community use of the forest, the state government under Mr. Imoke granted bigger business interests access to the same land, and allowed it to harvest and sell timber to local dealers.
One firm given such a concession is Dansa Allied Agro, a subsidiary of the Dangote Group that is owned by Aliko Dangote, Africa’s richest man. The company secured over 75,000 hectares of land at Oban community for its pineapple farm, used as the fruit base for the popular Dansa beverage.
Tons of timber sourced from the land during clearing process were sold to local dealers, for months under the protection of the government taskforce, PREMIUM TIMES confirmed from several government officials and traders.
Dansa Company did not deny it sold timber, when contacted.
Pressed on the propriety of such deal when locals had been barred with no alternatives, a senior Dangote group official told PREMIUM TIMES that the company has helped the community in many other ways, like providing jobs and palm seedlings to farmers. The company promised a formal response to our questions, but never followed up.
The forestry commission explained the concession, saying that despite the ban, the Ministries of Land and Agriculture retained the right to licence promising investors.
The Dangote group got the sprawling property with a promise to provide 10,000 jobs to locals, build a five-star hotel, roads, schools, and a mini market. The company has yet to make good on many of its promises.
At an elaborate event March 2014, Governor Imoke praised Dansa Allied Agro for donating 8,000 palm oil seedlings to host communities and constructing a bridge to link Oban, Okarara, Ekong Anaku, Neghe, and Ekpene Eki communities.
Mr. Dangote’s brother, Sani Dangote, who runs the Dansa affiliate, promised that the company would provide more oil palm seedlings and said Dansa was planting five trees for every one harvested during the clearing.
Overall, steps that could have quickened the delivery of REDD+ benefits to the communities and the state faced delays and haphazard implementation due to “dwindling political will”, according to the UN’s 2015 progress report.
An earlier progress report in 2014 noted that the programme “has suffered an important delay in delivery of outputs and finance, due to a mix of factors, some internal and some external”.
One senior official said part of the problem was because the forestry commission had “serious leadership problems”.
“For example, a politician was named as head of the REDD board, and when the board was dissolved, there was no replacement,” the official told PREMIUM TIMES. Nearly two years would pass before the state finally reconstituted the REDD+ board in October 2015.
As Governor Imoke prepared to leave office in May 2015, he issued a scathing criticism of the state’s REDD+ programme.
The time it would take to receive results-based payments was “ridiculously long for anybody to earn anything,” said Mr. Imoke during his handover remarks before top level civil servants and his successor, Ben Ayade.
Mr. Odigha, the former forestry commission chairman, whom officials said was the focus of the governor’s criticisms during the meeting, told PREMIUM TIMES that everyone involved in the programme had been well advised that the REDD+ programme takes years to yield benefits.
The UN report for October 2015 supported the notion that senior forestry commission staff also became detached from the programme—ostensibly following the governor’s example.
“Despite participation in various one-off training and workshop events, only a handful of FC staff understand the fundamentals of REDD+ and fewer have shown interest in the programme,” the report noted.
Mr. Imoke did not respond to multiple calls for comments. He requested questions to be sent via text message, but he ultimately did not respond to our enquiry.
Mr. Imoke’s successor, Ben Ayade, only agreed to continue with REDD+ after the national coordinator, Salisu Dahiru, intervened.
The new governor initially relaxed the ban and replaced the anti-deforestation task force with the “green police,” which was made up of members from all local government areas of the state. He left coordination of the partial ban to the forestry commission.
Since taking over, Mr. Ayade also named a ministry in charge of climate change – the only state in Nigeria to do so. The commissioner in charge of that ministry, Alice Eku, did not also respond to request for comment.
Despite the relaxed embargo, Obio William told PREMIUM TIMES that he would never return to timber trading, as the government could always reinstate a full ban. “I don’t want to die,” he said.
He foresaw tomorrow. About two weeks after we interviewed him, the Ayade administration reinstated a full ban on forest use in late October 2015 after a five-month hiatus.
Mr. Ayade courted additional controversy with a plan to build a 260 kilometre “superhighway” through the protected forests. Initial plans to construct the highway straight through Cross River National Park, however, were changed after President Muhammadu Buhari learned that a required environmental impact assessment had not been filed. The new route will come within seven kilometres from the border of the park, which some environmentalists say still poses risk.
The governor has also revoked the occupancy rights of thousands of more forest dependent villagers on ancestral lands on either side of the six lane 260 kilometre super highway.
Mr. Odigha, who now runs a nongovernmental environment advocacy, warned that the government’s superhighway could deny the state carbon credit under the REDD+ programme.
In Owai, Mr. Obio—who said he could barely feed himself and family after the ban in 2008—now sells pepper, salt and other food ingredients. He depends on Ekum Obio, his brother he helped train, to send his children to school.
Outside where he lives sits a rundown cassava grating machine he bought before the ban. The machine became useless after he could no longer replace parts. Nearby, the block house he had proudly started constructing at the height of his timber business sits unfinished and overgrown with weeds.
Ubong Edet contributed reporting to this investigation, which was done with support from Internews.

lowercased:
things were looking up for william obio when he decided to invest more in his logging business. for the first time in years, his nine children and three brothers were eating well, and he could support his over half-a-dozen team of machine operators, saw men, scouts, and wood carriers.
such success, rare in owai, a heavily forested and impoverished community less than 20 kilometres from nigeria’s southern border with cameroon, emboldened mr. obio. he took a chance and purchased a small cassava crushing machine and got more saws.
“god answered our prayers; things really changed,” said the part-time pastor.
everything indeed changed in 2008, mr. obio said, when the cross river government imposed a sweeping ban on forest use in the state’s 18 local government areas, including mr. obio’s akamkpa – where owai is located.
governor liyel imoke had said wealthy merchants, mostly from outside the state, were taking advantage of lax laws to deplete the state’s forest cover.
the site of more than half of nigeria’s remaining rainforest, the governor warned, cross river needed to save its green stock to boost investment and tourism. under this plan, the state would become nigeria’s pilot site for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (redd+), a united nations climate change mitigation programme that offers payment to states and communities for conserving their forest.
for a state that had lost monthly federal payments to oil producing states, following the ceding of oil-rich bakassi peninsula to cameroon in 2008, the proposal drew wide support. besides, cross river’s forest cover had declined from 7,920 to 6,102 square kilometres between 1991 and 2008, according to figures from nigeria’s ministry of environment.
in the years that followed, the government fiercely enforced the embargo and chased out local traders like obio, seized wood, and raided timber markets. officials also stopped locals from hunting game and fetching bush mango and afang – popular delicacies in the region.
as the new policy disrupted traditional livelihoods many forest communities relied on, the government failed to provide alternative means of support, despite making clear that promised benefits from redd+ payments would take years to come.
michael eraye, cross river state’s commissioner of environment told premium times that the government did make efforts to equip those affected with new skills, but poor funding affected the plans. he said the government built roads in affected areas, as part of its compensation plans.
salisu dahiru, nigeria’s un-redd coordinator, said efforts to find affected communities and determine how their livelihoods are linked to the forest, were ongoing. but he acknowledged that training programmes had yet to commence nearly eight years after the first ban, and four years after the start of the redd+ programme.
meanwhile, only a few years after the redd+ initiative got underway in cross river state, governor imoke, who had once championed the programme, quietly began to back away even as the ban continued. in may 2015, days before leaving office after eight years as governor, mr. imoke told shocked officials that redd+ did not return on investment.
“i got to the point when i felt that it was not worth my effort,” mr. imoke said, according to the un-redd national programme semi-annual report january to june 2015 edition. two senior officials who attended the meeting confirmed the former governor made those remarks. they said the governor directed his comments at odigha odigha, head of the state forestry commission at the time.
the report said months before the meeting, state officials demonstrated diminishing interest in redd+, and the ambitious programme began to stall.
the first phase, known as the readiness phase, is now set to end in december 2016, nearly two years later than originally intended. local communities will have to wait much longer for redd+ resource-based payments, if they ever come. while they wait, little to no help has come from the state.
a premium times’ examination of cross river state’s anti-deforestation and climate change mitigation programme, which began in 2008, shows how the implementation of an otherwise well-intentioned policy deprived forest-dependent communities of their primary source of livelihood. it also provides a glimpse into the abuse and policy missteps that characterised the government’s execution of the programme.
forests play an integral role in regulating the amount of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. when present, they absorb carbon emitted by human activity—an estimated 25 per cent of these emissions over the past four decades—and help moderate the effects of climate change. when lost through deforestation, they release carbon back into the atmosphere and are responsible for up to 20 per cent of global manmade carbon dioxide emissions.
redd+ is a global mechanism designed to reward governments in developing nations for preserving forests and constraining the impacts of climate change. to date, redd+ has pledged nearly us$ 10 billion to developing countries, with $4 million allocated for nigeria’s national programme, of which cross river state is a pilot model.
the first formal steps taken by the governor imoke administration toward monetizing cross river state’s vast forest resources began in october 2009, a year after the forest embargo went into effect. mr. imoke worked with the then minister of the environment, john odey, a cross river native, to apply to be part of redd+.
in addition to joining the governors’ climate and forest task force, based in the united states, mr. imoke attended cop 15 in copenhagen later that year, where he announced efforts to protect cross river’s tropical forests.
in april 2010, nigeria became a un-redd partner country, and from then, followed through with a series of redd+ programmes.
despite such efforts, the government failed to provide economic relief for the local population and did not fully engage with them before and after the ban, those interviewed told premium times.
tony attah, in charge of the cross river forestry commission’s outreach programmes, acknowledged that the ban and initial phase of redd+ were not well communicated. despite initial missteps, he said that extensive community engagements were carried out by the state between january and august 2014.
many environmentalists who support forest conservation, however, have taken issue with the redd+ programme, blaming it for loss of indigenous land rights and branding it as property colonisation by developed nations. they also argue that the programme lacks mechanisms to ensure pledged payments reach affected people and are not pocketed by greedy politicians or other representatives.
they argue that forest-dependent communities like mr. obio’s owai, who have yet to receive any payments years after the forest ban went into place, are made to pay more than their fair share for environmental clean-up, and for the pollution caused by developed countries.
the cross river timber union has said thousands of its members and affiliate workers, lost their livelihood—some, allegedly, even their lives—after the ban. they include timber dealers, machine operators, saw men, scouts, and carriers.
“our members lost out when the ban started, some died of shock. many lost everything they had,” said david essien, the head of akim timber market union, the biggest timber market in the state.
reliable statistics depicting such damage are hard to come by in the state, but studies conducted in the area paint a gloomy picture.
the social development integrated centre, a port harcourt-based policy analysis group, in a 2014 report on the impact of redd in cross river, concluded that “the move towards redd has been made without any clear community development programme that addresses livelihoods and income generation alternatives for forest dependent communities”.
before 2008, to harvest timber in cross river, the state required loggers to pay between n20, 000 (us$102) and n50, 000 (us$254)—of which 70 per cent went to communities as royalty. dealers were also required to plant five seedlings as replacement, and be cleared or “stamped” by forestry commission officials that harvested timber was mature.
the ban stopped the royalty and kept communities from harvesting wood even to build their homes, said oyi akama, the village head of owai. importantly, it kept many youth out of work.
stephen mbeh, head of nearby oban town, told premium times how a government task force twice seized timber he harvested to construct a home. he succeeded the third time after young people in the town helped ward off the enforcers.
“this is our own oil. this is all we have, and even to cut mango at your backyard, we could not,” he said.
mr. obio began his lumber business in owai, a small community with no access road, electricity or potable water, in 1998. his mother, the family’s breadwinner, had died five years earlier.
after getting clearance from the government to harvest from areas with mature timber, obio logged at least once a week and sold to buyers from distant towns. “we were beginning to do well a little. i even paid fees for my brothers,” he said.
by the time the ban came into force, mr. obio’s business was booming. he purchased six sawing machines and had broken ground on a block family home—a rarity in owai where the majority of people live in mud houses.
he initially brushed off the news as rumour when he heard about the ban on the radio—as many others did—in august 2008. two days later, he says, he saw members of the state anti-deforestation task force rounding up a man who frequently bought timber from him. the operatives confiscated the logs and forced the man to drive to calabar, the state capital.
“that was when i knew it was serious,” mr. obio said.
in the days that followed, a brutal crackdown unfolded. the taskforce barred obio and others from removing harvested wood from the forests. this claim was echoed by other timber dealers premium times interviewed in the region.
anietie bassey, vice president of a timber market in calabar, said the task force not only seized his timber, but also seven of his sawing machines during a raid in 2010. mr. bassey suffered a stroke shortly after the incident, an ailment he says was brought on by the loss of his business. he is yet to fully recover.
mr. obio said he lost four of his six sawing machines in a similar raid.
seized machines and timber were never recovered. those arrested were freed after the payment of fines ranging between n150, 000 to n1 million, dealers said.
those interviewed, including government officials, community leaders, timber traders and activists, accused the armed taskforce of violating people’s rights—even attacking dealers with supplies from outside the state—and arbitrarily detaining people and seizing their equipment for years after the ban went into effect.
the head of the taskforce at the time, peter jenkins, told premium times he could not immediately respond to the claims without knowledge of where they originated from. the communities, he said, initially told the government they needed roads and some were indeed provided. though he defended the government’s policy, he acknowledged that more could have been done to ease the impact of the ban.
asked about allegations of highhandedness, odigha odigha, the former chairman of cross river’s forestry commission, told premium times that the taskforce refused to submit to his supervision.
two senior forestry commission officials in calabar, who asked not to be named, told premium times that they believed both the ban and its implementation were flawed.
“the ban on logging was wrong, but its implementation was worse. the anti-deforestation task force was supposed to be under the forestry commission, but it was lawless, reporting directly to the governor,” the first official said.
“redd did not say don’t cut down trees, it is a wrong perception. you can’t say don’t cut down the forest without alternatives,” said the second. she also spoke of a “lawless taskforce”.
edem edem, the programme coordinator of green concern for development, an environmental advocacy group in abuja, said he initially supported the ban until “they started violating people’s rights”.
“that was when i backed off,” mr. edem said.
initial funding for the $4 million project was meant to finance preliminary redd+ processes like preparing an action plan, training officials, providing environmental and social safeguards, and others. the money was not meant for the communities. mr. edem said the state spent much of its budget organising endless “workshops and seminars”.
bridget nkor, the state coordinator of redd+, told premium times that the state was worried about not providing alternatives for the affected communities. “that is one area that raised a lot of concerns,” she said.
due to the structure of the redd+ programme, it’s likely that any economic benefit for affected people could take years to materialise.
but mr. dahiru, the national coordinator for the programme, used the example of a charcoal vendor to illustrate the impacts that redd+ programs can have on local communities.
instead of continuing to use wood—which destroys the forest—redd will support the person with needed skills to grow bamboo, he said.
the only problem is that the redd+ programme would not directly support the funding needs of such initiatives. though it could help those trained receive support from donors at the later investment phase, this third stage could take five or more years to attain.
such trainings in cross river state are currently targeted at only 30 pilot communities. even so, they remain mere proposals seven years after the first ban started. an october 2015 un-redd progress report said proposals had been submitted and approved, but implementation would not start until late 2016, four years after the redd+ project started.
activists say a rapid response should come from the state government, which so far has done little in support of the communities.
despite the ban on community use of the forest, the state government under mr. imoke granted bigger business interests access to the same land, and allowed it to harvest and sell timber to local dealers.
one firm given such a concession is dansa allied agro, a subsidiary of the dangote group that is owned by aliko dangote, africa’s richest man. the company secured over 75,000 hectares of land at oban community for its pineapple farm, used as the fruit base for the popular dansa beverage.
tons of timber sourced from the land during clearing process were sold to local dealers, for months under the protection of the government taskforce, premium times confirmed from several government officials and traders.
dansa company did not deny it sold timber, when contacted.
pressed on the propriety of such deal when locals had been barred with no alternatives, a senior dangote group official told premium times that the company has helped the community in many other ways, like providing jobs and palm seedlings to farmers. the company promised a formal response to our questions, but never followed up.
the forestry commission explained the concession, saying that despite the ban, the ministries of land and agriculture retained the right to licence promising investors.
the dangote group got the sprawling property with a promise to provide 10,000 jobs to locals, build a five-star hotel, roads, schools, and a mini market. the company has yet to make good on many of its promises.
at an elaborate event march 2014, governor imoke praised dansa allied agro for donating 8,000 palm oil seedlings to host communities and constructing a bridge to link oban, okarara, ekong anaku, neghe, and ekpene eki communities.
mr. dangote’s brother, sani dangote, who runs the dansa affiliate, promised that the company would provide more oil palm seedlings and said dansa was planting five trees for every one harvested during the clearing.
overall, steps that could have quickened the delivery of redd+ benefits to the communities and the state faced delays and haphazard implementation due to “dwindling political will”, according to the un’s 2015 progress report.
an earlier progress report in 2014 noted that the programme “has suffered an important delay in delivery of outputs and finance, due to a mix of factors, some internal and some external”.
one senior official said part of the problem was because the forestry commission had “serious leadership problems”.
“for example, a politician was named as head of the redd board, and when the board was dissolved, there was no replacement,” the official told premium times. nearly two years would pass before the state finally reconstituted the redd+ board in october 2015.
as governor imoke prepared to leave office in may 2015, he issued a scathing criticism of the state’s redd+ programme.
the time it would take to receive results-based payments was “ridiculously long for anybody to earn anything,” said mr. imoke during his handover remarks before top level civil servants and his successor, ben ayade.
mr. odigha, the former forestry commission chairman, whom officials said was the focus of the governor’s criticisms during the meeting, told premium times that everyone involved in the programme had been well advised that the redd+ programme takes years to yield benefits.
the un report for october 2015 supported the notion that senior forestry commission staff also became detached from the programme—ostensibly following the governor’s example.
“despite participation in various one-off training and workshop events, only a handful of fc staff understand the fundamentals of redd+ and fewer have shown interest in the programme,” the report noted.
mr. imoke did not respond to multiple calls for comments. he requested questions to be sent via text message, but he ultimately did not respond to our enquiry.
mr. imoke’s successor, ben ayade, only agreed to continue with redd+ after the national coordinator, salisu dahiru, intervened.
the new governor initially relaxed the ban and replaced the anti-deforestation task force with the “green police,” which was made up of members from all local government areas of the state. he left coordination of the partial ban to the forestry commission.
since taking over, mr. ayade also named a ministry in charge of climate change – the only state in nigeria to do so. the commissioner in charge of that ministry, alice eku, did not also respond to request for comment.
despite the relaxed embargo, obio william told premium times that he would never return to timber trading, as the government could always reinstate a full ban. “i don’t want to die,” he said.
he foresaw tomorrow. about two weeks after we interviewed him, the ayade administration reinstated a full ban on forest use in late october 2015 after a five-month hiatus.
mr. ayade courted additional controversy with a plan to build a 260 kilometre “superhighway” through the protected forests. initial plans to construct the highway straight through cross river national park, however, were changed after president muhammadu buhari learned that a required environmental impact assessment had not been filed. the new route will come within seven kilometres from the border of the park, which some environmentalists say still poses risk.
the governor has also revoked the occupancy rights of thousands of more forest dependent villagers on ancestral lands on either side of the six lane 260 kilometre super highway.
mr. odigha, who now runs a nongovernmental environment advocacy, warned that the government’s superhighway could deny the state carbon credit under the redd+ programme.
in owai, mr. obio—who said he could barely feed himself and family after the ban in 2008—now sells pepper, salt and other food ingredients. he depends on ekum obio, his brother he helped train, to send his children to school.
outside where he lives sits a rundown cassava grating machine he bought before the ban. the machine became useless after he could no longer replace parts. nearby, the block house he had proudly started constructing at the height of his timber business sits unfinished and overgrown with weeds.
ubong edet contributed reporting to this investigation, which was done with support from internews.


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Published 04/22/2019 12:41:15 pm at 04/22/2019 12:41:15 pm in Half Lamp Shade.
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lowercased:
published 04/22/2019 12:41:15 pm at 04/22/2019 12:41:15 pm in half lamp shade.
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My trips to Delhi are frequent, but of too short a duration and I try to pack in as much as I can in those few days. This weekend trip to Delhi was no different, events, fashion week and family functions galore.
The event was co-hosted by L'Occitane India, Grazia and Zina & Zoya Singh to celebrate tha launch of the new Angelica collection. The L'Occitane team shared the hydrating benefits and moisturising power of the latest range. The skincare consultants also emphasised on the importance of using natural skincare products along with the secrets to make your skin look more radiant, smooth and plump.

lowercased:
my trips to delhi are frequent, but of too short a duration and i try to pack in as much as i can in those few days. this weekend trip to delhi was no different, events, fashion week and family functions galore.
the event was co-hosted by l'occitane india, grazia and zina & zoya singh to celebrate tha launch of the new angelica collection. the l'occitane team shared the hydrating benefits and moisturising power of the latest range. the skincare consultants also emphasised on the importance of using natural skincare products along with the secrets to make your skin look more radiant, smooth and plump.


text:
It is important to note that people are becoming more civilized with the continuity of modernization and improved living standards. It is important to note that this brings the need to use diverse modern equipment and house ware such as carpets. It is good to consider the reason that there is the need for a more comfortable and cozy living. A number of places use the carpets for decor. It is therefore important to maintain the carpets in clean condition. An individual does not need to work himself out on the ways of cleaning the carpet. It is important to note the reason that there are a lot of carpet cleaning companies offering cleaning services. It is important to note the points stated below as they highlight the importance of carpet cleaning companies.
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lowercased:
it is important to note that people are becoming more civilized with the continuity of modernization and improved living standards. it is important to note that this brings the need to use diverse modern equipment and house ware such as carpets. it is good to consider the reason that there is the need for a more comfortable and cozy living. a number of places use the carpets for decor. it is therefore important to maintain the carpets in clean condition. an individual does not need to work himself out on the ways of cleaning the carpet. it is important to note the reason that there are a lot of carpet cleaning companies offering cleaning services. it is important to note the points stated below as they highlight the importance of carpet cleaning companies.
it is important to note that albuquerque air duct carpet cleaning companies offer professional services. it is good to consider the professionals hired by the cleaning companies to be equipped with cleaning skills. cleaning your own carpet may measure out to different results. it is important to note that professionals have an idea on the right cleaning agents. the professionals are in position to evaluate the methods of cleaning to achieve better results. it is important to note the reason that they have a variety to choose from. it is important to note that the professional cleaning guarantees clean and comfortable carpet.
it is important to note that carpet cleaning companies have efficient cleaning machines and properties. it is important to note that most of the cleaning companies have advancement based on the technology. hence they are in position to change the cleaning machines with time. it is good to consider that the cleaning machines may not be available at home. it is important to note that most of the machines go for high prices. it is important to note that during cleaning a number of cleaning agents are used. remember the cleaning agents have their different use. this cleaning agents help in achieving best cleaning results. the cleaning agents might not be available at home or any sales stores.
commercial carpet cleaning albuquerque companies offer efficient and fast services. remember that most cleaning companies do not rely on manpower. it is important to note the reason that there are machines in place for cleaning. this assures quick cleaning services. employing an individual to clean the carpet may take a lot of time. it is good to consider that the cleaning may not be effective because it is done without the use of machines. it is advisable to for an individual to consider dropping the carpet at the cleaning company for a fast cleaning. some of the cleaning companies go ahead to offer delivery services after cleaning. this saves on time since you do not have to worry about picking up the carpet.


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SINGAPORE - The Ministry of Education (MOE) confirmed on Friday that the holding site for the new junior college (JC) will remain at Mount Sinai, after it reassessed other options based on feedback from parents.
This is because the Mount Sinai site, where the former Raffles JC used to be, has the space and facilities to complement a JC-level education, which other holding sites lack, the ministry said.
The new JC will start in 2017 and enrol mainly Integrated Programme students from Catholic High School (CHS) in Bishan, CHIJ St Nicholas Girls' School in Ang Mo Kio and the Singapore Chinese Girls' School (SCGS) in Bukit Timah.
The plan is for them to study at an interim site until the campus at the junction of Sin Ming Avenue and Marymount Road is ready at end-2019. The original choice of an interim school site in Bishan became unavailable and a new site had to be picked.
Affected parents and students were informed of the decision on Friday evening, in a letter signed by director of finance and development division Wong Kang Jet, and director of school planning and placement division Lim Huay Chih.
In the four-page letter, MOE said some parents had suggested the former Institute of Technical Education (ITE) campus at Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5 as a possible holding site at a dialogue session last Monday, as it is nearer to their children's current schools.
"Hence, during the Q&A session, despite our assessment that Mount Sinai site is the best possible holding site for the new JC, we agreed, at the request of these parents, to re-examine the feasibility of available sites nearer to the original holding site, with a specific focus on the former ITE AMK (Ang Mo Kio) site," the ministry wrote.
The ministry added that it had "studied in greater detail" how it could enhance the Ang Mo Kio site. It also considered aspects of the JC programme that had to be scaled down, as the Ang Mo Kio site is smaller than the Mount Sinai one.
"Our assessment continues to be that the former ITE AMK (Ang Mo Kio) site is not as suitable for the new JC as compared to the Mount Sinai site, as it will not be able to support the programmes and provide all the students with sufficient facilities for a positive JC learning experience," it said.
The ministry had decided on Mount Sinai as the interim site for the JC after the original plan of having the temporary campus at the former ITE Bishan campus at Bishan Street 14 fell through.
The change in the interim location had upset some parents, who felt Mount Sinai was too far, and their children would spend too much time travelling.
The permanent campus will be ready by end-2019, a delay from its original timeline of mid-2018, due to the construction of the Cross-Island Line.

lowercased:
singapore - the ministry of education (moe) confirmed on friday that the holding site for the new junior college (jc) will remain at mount sinai, after it reassessed other options based on feedback from parents.
this is because the mount sinai site, where the former raffles jc used to be, has the space and facilities to complement a jc-level education, which other holding sites lack, the ministry said.
the new jc will start in 2017 and enrol mainly integrated programme students from catholic high school (chs) in bishan, chij st nicholas girls' school in ang mo kio and the singapore chinese girls' school (scgs) in bukit timah.
the plan is for them to study at an interim site until the campus at the junction of sin ming avenue and marymount road is ready at end-2019. the original choice of an interim school site in bishan became unavailable and a new site had to be picked.
affected parents and students were informed of the decision on friday evening, in a letter signed by director of finance and development division wong kang jet, and director of school planning and placement division lim huay chih.
in the four-page letter, moe said some parents had suggested the former institute of technical education (ite) campus at ang mo kio avenue 5 as a possible holding site at a dialogue session last monday, as it is nearer to their children's current schools.
"hence, during the q&a session, despite our assessment that mount sinai site is the best possible holding site for the new jc, we agreed, at the request of these parents, to re-examine the feasibility of available sites nearer to the original holding site, with a specific focus on the former ite amk (ang mo kio) site," the ministry wrote.
the ministry added that it had "studied in greater detail" how it could enhance the ang mo kio site. it also considered aspects of the jc programme that had to be scaled down, as the ang mo kio site is smaller than the mount sinai one.
"our assessment continues to be that the former ite amk (ang mo kio) site is not as suitable for the new jc as compared to the mount sinai site, as it will not be able to support the programmes and provide all the students with sufficient facilities for a positive jc learning experience," it said.
the ministry had decided on mount sinai as the interim site for the jc after the original plan of having the temporary campus at the former ite bishan campus at bishan street 14 fell through.
the change in the interim location had upset some parents, who felt mount sinai was too far, and their children would spend too much time travelling.
the permanent campus will be ready by end-2019, a delay from its original timeline of mid-2018, due to the construction of the cross-island line.