text:
Above the line: These are tax deductions taken mostly on the front page of your Form 1040. Above the line deductions lower your income and are part of what results in your adjusted gross income (AGI).
Schedule C: These are deductions made for businesses who need to fill out the Schedule C. Other schedules that offer deductions are F (for farmers) and E (for rental property).
Itemized: These are the items that are reported on Schedule A. There are a number of eligible deductions that can be itemized, lowering your taxable income. This is where you report mortgage interest paid and charitable donations, among other costs.
Standard: The standard tax deduction is fixed amount that can be used to lower your taxable income. Everyone has access to this deduction, which is based on your filing status. You cannot take the standard deduction and itemize; you must choose one or the other. If your itemized deduction is greater than the standard deduction, it’s better to do that. If, however, your qualified expenses don’t add up to more than the standard deduction, it’s better not to itemize.
Tax deductions can be helpful, and they do have value. But they are not quite as valuable as tax credits.
Tax credits, on the other hand, lower your tax liability dollar for dollar. This year, tax credits for energy efficiency and for home buying have been offered. After all of your deductions are accounted for, you end up with a number that represents your taxable income. This is the amount that is looked up in the tax table to see how much you owe. Once you know what you owe in taxes, you can start applying credits.
A tax credit is kind of like a gift card. It counts directly toward what you owe, lowering that amount. If you owe $5,000 in taxes, but are eligible for a $1,800 Hope credit, you would only owe $3,200. Of course, other tax credits, such as the child tax credit and the Earned Income Credit could further decrease your tax liability. If you have enough tax credits, and if you have already paid some of your tax through your employer, the government might actually owe you money and issue a refund.
It is in your best interest to consider what tax credits and tax deductions are available to you. Planning your finances in a way that allows you to lower your taxable income and take advantage of different credits can help you keep more of your money.

lowercased:
above the line: these are tax deductions taken mostly on the front page of your form 1040. above the line deductions lower your income and are part of what results in your adjusted gross income (agi).
schedule c: these are deductions made for businesses who need to fill out the schedule c. other schedules that offer deductions are f (for farmers) and e (for rental property).
itemized: these are the items that are reported on schedule a. there are a number of eligible deductions that can be itemized, lowering your taxable income. this is where you report mortgage interest paid and charitable donations, among other costs.
standard: the standard tax deduction is fixed amount that can be used to lower your taxable income. everyone has access to this deduction, which is based on your filing status. you cannot take the standard deduction and itemize; you must choose one or the other. if your itemized deduction is greater than the standard deduction, it’s better to do that. if, however, your qualified expenses don’t add up to more than the standard deduction, it’s better not to itemize.
tax deductions can be helpful, and they do have value. but they are not quite as valuable as tax credits.
tax credits, on the other hand, lower your tax liability dollar for dollar. this year, tax credits for energy efficiency and for home buying have been offered. after all of your deductions are accounted for, you end up with a number that represents your taxable income. this is the amount that is looked up in the tax table to see how much you owe. once you know what you owe in taxes, you can start applying credits.
a tax credit is kind of like a gift card. it counts directly toward what you owe, lowering that amount. if you owe $5,000 in taxes, but are eligible for a $1,800 hope credit, you would only owe $3,200. of course, other tax credits, such as the child tax credit and the earned income credit could further decrease your tax liability. if you have enough tax credits, and if you have already paid some of your tax through your employer, the government might actually owe you money and issue a refund.
it is in your best interest to consider what tax credits and tax deductions are available to you. planning your finances in a way that allows you to lower your taxable income and take advantage of different credits can help you keep more of your money.


text:
Should the parent be with the child in the dental operatory?
It has long been a topic for discussion if the parent should be present in the operatory when providing dental treatment to a child.
Most Pediatric dental offices require parental separation, feeling that a parent’s presence will hinder the formation of a relationship between the dental professional and the child.
At Hunterdon Pediatric Dental Associates, we have adopted Our Unique Team Approach in which parent, child and dental professional are all present and working together to educate the child about dental procedures and treatment. Thus, we encourage parental presence and parental participation during your child’s treatment. We feel this method will not only make your child feel more comfortable but also provides us the opportunity to educate the parents about their child’s oral health and their responsibilities to continue to reinforce this care at home.
In order to achieve these goals, it is important that the parent assume a supportive role and act as a silent observer while the child is cared for. We encourage parents to ask questions and to follow the instructions of the dental care provider as they lead and educate your child.
According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, a child’s first dental visit should occur at the time that their first tooth erupts but no later than one year old. Although this makes perfect sense, it is Dr. Tafaro’s belief that the first dental visit for routine and preventative care should occur around age three. This is advised because most three year olds will be behaviorally adjusted to be educated about how dental care is provided, tolerate an examination and cleaning and leave with having a positive experience.
This by no means suggests that children under three should not be seen. Dr. Tafaro recommends children under three years old be seen if any of the following circumstances are present- child being breast or bottle fed past age of one year old, difficulty brushing child’s teeth, use of sippy cup or bottle during the day or at bedtime, presence of white spots, pitting or any discoloration of the child’s teeth. In these instances, the child’s visit will be limited to a complete examination and consultation of the findings with the parents.
Should my child be on a Fluoride supplement?
Fluoride is the best substance we have to fight the formation of cavities. When ingested as a liquid or a chewable tablet, fluoride becomes incorporated into the developing enamel of permanent teeth. This makes the enamel harder and more resistant to the harmful effects of bacterial acids.
Some communities make it easy for children to obtain Fluoride by placing it in their water supply. Unfortunately, the rural population of Hunterdon County makes this very costly. In this case, a Fluoride supplement should be prescribed.
* – until eruption of second permanent molars or longer if patient is cavity prone.
Is Fluoride hazardous to ones health?
Fluoride is one of the most extensively studied drugs. Many reports suggest that Fluoride is a carcinogen and can cause harm to ones bones and muscles. These studies are mostly anecdotal and they exaggerate their findings.
The true fact is that Fluoride is a drug and like any drug, too much is not good. The problems that arise from excessive fluoride ingestion are discoloration and pitting of permanent teeth. This will arise during the toddler years as the permanent teeth are developing.
To prevent excessive fluoride ingestion, parents need to monitor the ingestion of Fluoride from secondary sources. These include fluoridated water ingestion when the child is in daycare, a relative’s or other family member home where fluoride is in the water. Toothpaste contains lots of fluoride and only a small, flat row along three bristle rows of the toothbrush is recommended. Avoid using fluoride rinses in children under six years of age. If you have a concern with your child’s Fluoride intake, then our office can do a Fluoride history review with you.
Why are X Rays needed and is the radiation my child receives harmful?
Dental radiographs are a very necessary part of the examination process. Because baby teeth are developed very quickly, there tooth structure is not as well formed. Thus, they are more prone to developing decay. A small cavity that starts in between the teeth can become very large in a short period of time. This could cause the tooth to require more costly and extensive restorations or loss of a tooth from infection. Radiographs are also needed to monitor the development and eruption of teeth for orthodontic purposes.
Improvements in technology has led to the development of X Ray machines and fast films that deliver very little radiation to a very specified area. When comparing digital radiographic systems to traditional film systems, there is very little difference in the amount of radiation the patient receives.
Although there is no way to determine exactly how much radiation is too much for any given person, we do know that children are more susceptible to the effects of radiation and all efforts to limit radiation should be done.
In following this recommendation, our office’s standard radiation policy is to take two radiograph per year beginning at the age of 4 ½ years. A Panoramic radiograph (Equivalent to three regular radiographs) is taken at the age when the first permanent teeth erupt, about six years old. If determined it is necessary, it is repeated at the age of 10 – 11 years old. Once the patient has all permanent teeth present, Radiographs are taken every 18 – 24 months.
It is important to note that factors such as decay rate, ectopic positions of teeth and the frequency your child visits the dentist may alter the need for radiographs.
What are sealants and how do they work? How long do Sealants last?
Sealants are special restorations placed on the biting surfaces of teeth with the specific goal of preventing tooth decay.
During development, many teeth will develop defects in the form of pits and grooves. These imperfections are areas for impaction of food and bacteria. Because there are no effective methods to thoroughly cleanse them (toothbrush bristles are even too large to get into them), tooth decay can easily develop.
Sealants prevent decay by acting as a protective barrier so food and bacteria can not penetrate these imperfections. Thus, brushing becomes an effective method to clean these surfaces.
For sealants to be effective, they must be properly placed on the tooth. Any debris or salivary contamination will destroy the bonding of the sealant to the tooth. This will allow bacteria to penetrate between the tooth and sealant, causing a failure that could lead to tooth decay.
To prevent this, our office uses only the most effective methods and materials to insure the strongest bond of the sealant to the tooth. First, a rubber dam is used to isolate the tooth to prevent salivary contamination. Prior to its placement, a small amount of novacaine is usually given to numb the gum tissues around the tooth. This will insure the comfort of the patient. Bacteria and debris in the pits and grooves are cleaned out using a high speed drill. The enamel surface is recontoured, allowing us to detect any decayed areas and producing a superior bonding surface.
After conditioning the enamel, a special adhesive is applied to seal the enamel and aloe for good adaptation of the sealant to the tooth. A tooth colored filling material is then spread over the tooth and light cured. This material is much stronger than traditional sealant material and more resistant to wear. After polishing, a surface sealer is used to seal the margins where the tooth and sealant meet.
Although there is no specific time period a sealant will last, our office guarantees all sealants for three years. At this time, I am finding most sealants lasting over ten years without having any problems.
How is Restorative Dental Care Provided to Children?
Dental decay is a progressive disease that can cause extensive damage to primary and permanent teeth. The sooner a cavity is diagnosed, the less treatment will be required to restore the tooth.
Cavities that are confined to the biting surfaces of teeth are treated with a tooth colored filling. In this procedure, only the decayed areas are removed. These areas receive the filling while the rest of the tooth is sealed with the same filling material. This method of restoration is known as a preventive resin restoration.
Deeper cavities and those cavities that form in between the teeth require the removal of more healthy tooth structure. Here a definitive preparation is made in the tooth and a tooth colored composite resin material is used to restore the form and function of the tooth. Sometimes the placement of a protective base is required to insure the nerve of the tooth will not become irritated and cause sensitivity after treatment.
When decay progressive to the point where most of the crown of the tooth is affected, a stainless steel crown is required. Here, the entire crown of the tooth is prepared so the crown will fit over the tooth. Once properly fitted, the crown is cemented on.
When decay gets into the nerve of the tooth, the nerve must be treated to insure its health and prevent the tooth from abscessing. In this procedure, the nerve is removed from the inside of the tooth and a medication is placed to disinfect and preserve any healthy nerve in the root of the tooth. After this is completed, a stainless steel crown is used to restore the tooth.
Severely decayed front teeth in the young child present a cosmetic issue. Here, a stainless steel crown that has a tooth colored facing is used.
Restorative dental treatment is performed in the office with the use of local anesthesia to numb the mouth and teeth. Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas) is often used to help relax the children and provide a mild analgesic effect.
Orthodontic problems in children are either due to crowding of teeth, improper growth and positioning of the jaw bones or a combination of both of these problems.
When these problems are seen in children between the ages of 6 to 8 years old, limited orthodontic treatment could be very helpful in preventing the orthodontic problem from becoming worse. Such treatment is known as Interceptive Orthodontics or Phase I treatment.
By doing Interceptive Orthodontics, bite problems can be corrected that could prevent or reduce the amount of orthodontic care needed in the future. Such treatment includes promotion of front tooth alignment, space maintenance, correction of crossbites and habit control.
Many orthodontic problems are more complex and require a child to grow and develop before a definitive plan of treatment can be developed. In these cases, Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment is best. This will usually consist of full braces and possibly some type of orthodontic appliance therapy that will promote the proper growth and development of the jaws.
The time to start Comprehensive Orthodontic treatment is between the ages of 11 and 14 years old. Such factor that need to be considered before determining the exact time to begin are growth and development, when permanent teeth are erupting, the child’s emotional and maturity levels and the complexity of the problem.
Dr. Tafaro has extensive training in Orthodontics as he has been providing such care for 15 years. At your child’s recall visits, an orthodontic evaluation is done. This information helps guide us to determine the proper path of care.
Although the primary teeth will eventually be lost, they are vital to a child’s health. Not only are they needed to eat, chew, talk and cosmetic appearance, the primary teeth hold space for the permanent teeth that replace them. When primary molars are lost prematurely, a space maintainer is needed to prevent the shifting of the other primary teeth.
There are two types of space maintainers. Unilateral or one sided space maintainers consist of an orthodontic band placed upon one anchor tooth with a wire soldered to both sides of the band. A bilateral space maintainer uses two orthodontic bands placed on opposing anchor teeth on each side of the jaw with a wire soldered to one side of each band.
The space maintainers are made by taking an impression of your child’s mouth and having it custom made by an orthodontic laboratory. They are cemented in the mouth so they can not be removed. They are removed when the permanent teeth are erupted in the mouth.
How Are Cavities in Very Young Children Treated?
Children under 3 ½ years old who have extensive restorative treatment needs present a problem in delivering quality dental care. Because they can not understand how to cooperate and are unable to tolerate longer appointments, dental care must be provided with the use of general anesthesia.
At our office, these cases are performed at Hunterdon Medical Center. Here, a trained anesthesiologist administers the anesthesia while all of the child’s dental care is completed. All children must undergo a routine physical examination prior to receiving anesthesia and be free of any illnesses.
New Jersey law prevents insurance companies from denying payment for medical benefits for dental care rendered in a hospital. Because of the inherent risk involved in receiving general anesthesia, Dr. Tafaro will only treat cases in which he deems it absolutely necessary.
What is gingivitis and how do you treat it?
Gingivitis is a reversible inflammation of the gum tissues due to plaque accumulation around an in between the teeth. It presents as red, swollen gum tissues where the teeth and gums meet. The body’s immune system recognizes the bacteria and responds to it by sending antibodies to the area to fight the infection. To do this, the small blood vessels become opened and fragile, thereby causing them to bleed when touched. If the gingivitis should worsen, the gum tissues can swell up, over growing the teeth and making it easier for plaque to stay on the teeth.
Treatment for gingivitis starts with more attentive and regular home care. Gentle brushing at the gumline and daily flossing will remove the bacteria and stimulate healing. If bleeding still occurs, then a professional cleaning as well as detailed home care instruction may be needed.
Children who have braces on their teeth are much more prone to developing gingivitis as the braces allow plaque to more easily accumulate. In this case, more attentive and frequent home care care is required.
It should be noted that gingivitis is the first step in gum disease. Because children’s immune systems are normally stronger, progression to more severe forms of gum disease is very limited. However, if good oral hygiene habits are not developed early, then there is a good chance that irreversible gum disease could form. Remember, once you have irreversible gum disease, it can not be cured. The disease can only be controlled through more frequent cleanings and many times surgical procedures.
Dental decay is a bacterial disease of the teeth. This disease begins by bacterial plaque forming sticky colonies around the teeth. These bacteria use sugar to produce an acid that dissolves the minerals out of the tooth’s enamel. This process is known as decalcification or acid attacks. As enamel is decalcified, it becomes porous and soft. Bacteria will infiltrate these pores and continues the process. If undetected, the decay progresses and creates the hole we call the cavity.
Fortunately, our mouth fights against this process by putting minerals back into the teeth through our saliva. However, it takes the mouth 20 minutes to recover from an acid attack before this can occur. If the mouth stays in cavity formation stages more than cavity repair stages, remineralization of the enamel cannot occur.
Cavities that develop in between the teeth are most frequently seen in children who eat lots of small meals, consume juices or soda by sippy cups or straws, or tend to take long times eating meals. Additionally, food that sticks in the mouth takes a long time to be cleared out. This will cause the loss of minerals from the teeth for as long as the food stays in the mouth. Such foods as potato chips, pretzels, and crackers are digested in the mouth to sugar and cause cavities faster than other sugary foods.

lowercased:
should the parent be with the child in the dental operatory?
it has long been a topic for discussion if the parent should be present in the operatory when providing dental treatment to a child.
most pediatric dental offices require parental separation, feeling that a parent’s presence will hinder the formation of a relationship between the dental professional and the child.
at hunterdon pediatric dental associates, we have adopted our unique team approach in which parent, child and dental professional are all present and working together to educate the child about dental procedures and treatment. thus, we encourage parental presence and parental participation during your child’s treatment. we feel this method will not only make your child feel more comfortable but also provides us the opportunity to educate the parents about their child’s oral health and their responsibilities to continue to reinforce this care at home.
in order to achieve these goals, it is important that the parent assume a supportive role and act as a silent observer while the child is cared for. we encourage parents to ask questions and to follow the instructions of the dental care provider as they lead and educate your child.
according to the american academy of pediatric dentistry, a child’s first dental visit should occur at the time that their first tooth erupts but no later than one year old. although this makes perfect sense, it is dr. tafaro’s belief that the first dental visit for routine and preventative care should occur around age three. this is advised because most three year olds will be behaviorally adjusted to be educated about how dental care is provided, tolerate an examination and cleaning and leave with having a positive experience.
this by no means suggests that children under three should not be seen. dr. tafaro recommends children under three years old be seen if any of the following circumstances are present- child being breast or bottle fed past age of one year old, difficulty brushing child’s teeth, use of sippy cup or bottle during the day or at bedtime, presence of white spots, pitting or any discoloration of the child’s teeth. in these instances, the child’s visit will be limited to a complete examination and consultation of the findings with the parents.
should my child be on a fluoride supplement?
fluoride is the best substance we have to fight the formation of cavities. when ingested as a liquid or a chewable tablet, fluoride becomes incorporated into the developing enamel of permanent teeth. this makes the enamel harder and more resistant to the harmful effects of bacterial acids.
some communities make it easy for children to obtain fluoride by placing it in their water supply. unfortunately, the rural population of hunterdon county makes this very costly. in this case, a fluoride supplement should be prescribed.
* – until eruption of second permanent molars or longer if patient is cavity prone.
is fluoride hazardous to ones health?
fluoride is one of the most extensively studied drugs. many reports suggest that fluoride is a carcinogen and can cause harm to ones bones and muscles. these studies are mostly anecdotal and they exaggerate their findings.
the true fact is that fluoride is a drug and like any drug, too much is not good. the problems that arise from excessive fluoride ingestion are discoloration and pitting of permanent teeth. this will arise during the toddler years as the permanent teeth are developing.
to prevent excessive fluoride ingestion, parents need to monitor the ingestion of fluoride from secondary sources. these include fluoridated water ingestion when the child is in daycare, a relative’s or other family member home where fluoride is in the water. toothpaste contains lots of fluoride and only a small, flat row along three bristle rows of the toothbrush is recommended. avoid using fluoride rinses in children under six years of age. if you have a concern with your child’s fluoride intake, then our office can do a fluoride history review with you.
why are x rays needed and is the radiation my child receives harmful?
dental radiographs are a very necessary part of the examination process. because baby teeth are developed very quickly, there tooth structure is not as well formed. thus, they are more prone to developing decay. a small cavity that starts in between the teeth can become very large in a short period of time. this could cause the tooth to require more costly and extensive restorations or loss of a tooth from infection. radiographs are also needed to monitor the development and eruption of teeth for orthodontic purposes.
improvements in technology has led to the development of x ray machines and fast films that deliver very little radiation to a very specified area. when comparing digital radiographic systems to traditional film systems, there is very little difference in the amount of radiation the patient receives.
although there is no way to determine exactly how much radiation is too much for any given person, we do know that children are more susceptible to the effects of radiation and all efforts to limit radiation should be done.
in following this recommendation, our office’s standard radiation policy is to take two radiograph per year beginning at the age of 4 ½ years. a panoramic radiograph (equivalent to three regular radiographs) is taken at the age when the first permanent teeth erupt, about six years old. if determined it is necessary, it is repeated at the age of 10 – 11 years old. once the patient has all permanent teeth present, radiographs are taken every 18 – 24 months.
it is important to note that factors such as decay rate, ectopic positions of teeth and the frequency your child visits the dentist may alter the need for radiographs.
what are sealants and how do they work? how long do sealants last?
sealants are special restorations placed on the biting surfaces of teeth with the specific goal of preventing tooth decay.
during development, many teeth will develop defects in the form of pits and grooves. these imperfections are areas for impaction of food and bacteria. because there are no effective methods to thoroughly cleanse them (toothbrush bristles are even too large to get into them), tooth decay can easily develop.
sealants prevent decay by acting as a protective barrier so food and bacteria can not penetrate these imperfections. thus, brushing becomes an effective method to clean these surfaces.
for sealants to be effective, they must be properly placed on the tooth. any debris or salivary contamination will destroy the bonding of the sealant to the tooth. this will allow bacteria to penetrate between the tooth and sealant, causing a failure that could lead to tooth decay.
to prevent this, our office uses only the most effective methods and materials to insure the strongest bond of the sealant to the tooth. first, a rubber dam is used to isolate the tooth to prevent salivary contamination. prior to its placement, a small amount of novacaine is usually given to numb the gum tissues around the tooth. this will insure the comfort of the patient. bacteria and debris in the pits and grooves are cleaned out using a high speed drill. the enamel surface is recontoured, allowing us to detect any decayed areas and producing a superior bonding surface.
after conditioning the enamel, a special adhesive is applied to seal the enamel and aloe for good adaptation of the sealant to the tooth. a tooth colored filling material is then spread over the tooth and light cured. this material is much stronger than traditional sealant material and more resistant to wear. after polishing, a surface sealer is used to seal the margins where the tooth and sealant meet.
although there is no specific time period a sealant will last, our office guarantees all sealants for three years. at this time, i am finding most sealants lasting over ten years without having any problems.
how is restorative dental care provided to children?
dental decay is a progressive disease that can cause extensive damage to primary and permanent teeth. the sooner a cavity is diagnosed, the less treatment will be required to restore the tooth.
cavities that are confined to the biting surfaces of teeth are treated with a tooth colored filling. in this procedure, only the decayed areas are removed. these areas receive the filling while the rest of the tooth is sealed with the same filling material. this method of restoration is known as a preventive resin restoration.
deeper cavities and those cavities that form in between the teeth require the removal of more healthy tooth structure. here a definitive preparation is made in the tooth and a tooth colored composite resin material is used to restore the form and function of the tooth. sometimes the placement of a protective base is required to insure the nerve of the tooth will not become irritated and cause sensitivity after treatment.
when decay progressive to the point where most of the crown of the tooth is affected, a stainless steel crown is required. here, the entire crown of the tooth is prepared so the crown will fit over the tooth. once properly fitted, the crown is cemented on.
when decay gets into the nerve of the tooth, the nerve must be treated to insure its health and prevent the tooth from abscessing. in this procedure, the nerve is removed from the inside of the tooth and a medication is placed to disinfect and preserve any healthy nerve in the root of the tooth. after this is completed, a stainless steel crown is used to restore the tooth.
severely decayed front teeth in the young child present a cosmetic issue. here, a stainless steel crown that has a tooth colored facing is used.
restorative dental treatment is performed in the office with the use of local anesthesia to numb the mouth and teeth. nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is often used to help relax the children and provide a mild analgesic effect.
orthodontic problems in children are either due to crowding of teeth, improper growth and positioning of the jaw bones or a combination of both of these problems.
when these problems are seen in children between the ages of 6 to 8 years old, limited orthodontic treatment could be very helpful in preventing the orthodontic problem from becoming worse. such treatment is known as interceptive orthodontics or phase i treatment.
by doing interceptive orthodontics, bite problems can be corrected that could prevent or reduce the amount of orthodontic care needed in the future. such treatment includes promotion of front tooth alignment, space maintenance, correction of crossbites and habit control.
many orthodontic problems are more complex and require a child to grow and develop before a definitive plan of treatment can be developed. in these cases, comprehensive orthodontic treatment is best. this will usually consist of full braces and possibly some type of orthodontic appliance therapy that will promote the proper growth and development of the jaws.
the time to start comprehensive orthodontic treatment is between the ages of 11 and 14 years old. such factor that need to be considered before determining the exact time to begin are growth and development, when permanent teeth are erupting, the child’s emotional and maturity levels and the complexity of the problem.
dr. tafaro has extensive training in orthodontics as he has been providing such care for 15 years. at your child’s recall visits, an orthodontic evaluation is done. this information helps guide us to determine the proper path of care.
although the primary teeth will eventually be lost, they are vital to a child’s health. not only are they needed to eat, chew, talk and cosmetic appearance, the primary teeth hold space for the permanent teeth that replace them. when primary molars are lost prematurely, a space maintainer is needed to prevent the shifting of the other primary teeth.
there are two types of space maintainers. unilateral or one sided space maintainers consist of an orthodontic band placed upon one anchor tooth with a wire soldered to both sides of the band. a bilateral space maintainer uses two orthodontic bands placed on opposing anchor teeth on each side of the jaw with a wire soldered to one side of each band.
the space maintainers are made by taking an impression of your child’s mouth and having it custom made by an orthodontic laboratory. they are cemented in the mouth so they can not be removed. they are removed when the permanent teeth are erupted in the mouth.
how are cavities in very young children treated?
children under 3 ½ years old who have extensive restorative treatment needs present a problem in delivering quality dental care. because they can not understand how to cooperate and are unable to tolerate longer appointments, dental care must be provided with the use of general anesthesia.
at our office, these cases are performed at hunterdon medical center. here, a trained anesthesiologist administers the anesthesia while all of the child’s dental care is completed. all children must undergo a routine physical examination prior to receiving anesthesia and be free of any illnesses.
new jersey law prevents insurance companies from denying payment for medical benefits for dental care rendered in a hospital. because of the inherent risk involved in receiving general anesthesia, dr. tafaro will only treat cases in which he deems it absolutely necessary.
what is gingivitis and how do you treat it?
gingivitis is a reversible inflammation of the gum tissues due to plaque accumulation around an in between the teeth. it presents as red, swollen gum tissues where the teeth and gums meet. the body’s immune system recognizes the bacteria and responds to it by sending antibodies to the area to fight the infection. to do this, the small blood vessels become opened and fragile, thereby causing them to bleed when touched. if the gingivitis should worsen, the gum tissues can swell up, over growing the teeth and making it easier for plaque to stay on the teeth.
treatment for gingivitis starts with more attentive and regular home care. gentle brushing at the gumline and daily flossing will remove the bacteria and stimulate healing. if bleeding still occurs, then a professional cleaning as well as detailed home care instruction may be needed.
children who have braces on their teeth are much more prone to developing gingivitis as the braces allow plaque to more easily accumulate. in this case, more attentive and frequent home care care is required.
it should be noted that gingivitis is the first step in gum disease. because children’s immune systems are normally stronger, progression to more severe forms of gum disease is very limited. however, if good oral hygiene habits are not developed early, then there is a good chance that irreversible gum disease could form. remember, once you have irreversible gum disease, it can not be cured. the disease can only be controlled through more frequent cleanings and many times surgical procedures.
dental decay is a bacterial disease of the teeth. this disease begins by bacterial plaque forming sticky colonies around the teeth. these bacteria use sugar to produce an acid that dissolves the minerals out of the tooth’s enamel. this process is known as decalcification or acid attacks. as enamel is decalcified, it becomes porous and soft. bacteria will infiltrate these pores and continues the process. if undetected, the decay progresses and creates the hole we call the cavity.
fortunately, our mouth fights against this process by putting minerals back into the teeth through our saliva. however, it takes the mouth 20 minutes to recover from an acid attack before this can occur. if the mouth stays in cavity formation stages more than cavity repair stages, remineralization of the enamel cannot occur.
cavities that develop in between the teeth are most frequently seen in children who eat lots of small meals, consume juices or soda by sippy cups or straws, or tend to take long times eating meals. additionally, food that sticks in the mouth takes a long time to be cleared out. this will cause the loss of minerals from the teeth for as long as the food stays in the mouth. such foods as potato chips, pretzels, and crackers are digested in the mouth to sugar and cause cavities faster than other sugary foods.


text:
The Codi 2500 in Anthracite Leather is the perfect example of elegant form following comfort and is a statement in contemporary seating design, Offering a back and foot-rest that operate completely independently. All cushions are made from cold cure moulded foam.
It features Anthracite leather and a black metal star base.

lowercased:
the codi 2500 in anthracite leather is the perfect example of elegant form following comfort and is a statement in contemporary seating design, offering a back and foot-rest that operate completely independently. all cushions are made from cold cure moulded foam.
it features anthracite leather and a black metal star base.


text:
Achieve inside sales objectives by making sales calls (40-50 unique customer calls/day) to the assigned customers & achieve the sales objectives on weekly, monthly basis.
Identify new potential customers from various sources and registering them for revenue generation.
Achieve collection objectives through timely reminders.
Invite Customers for various events and trainings conducted at branch.
Update customers about the various marketing and promotions schemes, new launches and order booking accordingly.
Update the customer walkin and visit data on daily basis to branch manager.
Independently establish call plans and customer follow-up strategies, and apply time and territory management techniques.

lowercased:
achieve inside sales objectives by making sales calls (40-50 unique customer calls/day) to the assigned customers & achieve the sales objectives on weekly, monthly basis.
identify new potential customers from various sources and registering them for revenue generation.
achieve collection objectives through timely reminders.
invite customers for various events and trainings conducted at branch.
update customers about the various marketing and promotions schemes, new launches and order booking accordingly.
update the customer walkin and visit data on daily basis to branch manager.
independently establish call plans and customer follow-up strategies, and apply time and territory management techniques.


text: The MD Anderson Genetically Engineered Mouse Facility is fully equipped for the efficient production of transgenic and chimeric mice. The facility is comprised of rooms dedicated for the housing of mice, tissue culture use, microinjection and embryo manipulations, DNA preparation, cryopreservation and materials/embryo storage. The microinjection room is equipped with Leica and Zeiss microinjection scopes and Zeiss dissecting scopes. There are two biological safety cabinets along with a double stacked tissue culture incubator located separately in a room dedicated for tissue culture. There is also a liquid nitrogen storage system for the preservation of ES cells and cryopreservation of mouse embryos and germplasm. All mice are housed under Specific Pathogen Free conditions in three rooms capable of holding over 2,500 mice. Batches of archived (cryopreserved) samples are split for storage in Houston and offsite.

lowercased: the md anderson genetically engineered mouse facility is fully equipped for the efficient production of transgenic and chimeric mice. the facility is comprised of rooms dedicated for the housing of mice, tissue culture use, microinjection and embryo manipulations, dna preparation, cryopreservation and materials/embryo storage. the microinjection room is equipped with leica and zeiss microinjection scopes and zeiss dissecting scopes. there are two biological safety cabinets along with a double stacked tissue culture incubator located separately in a room dedicated for tissue culture. there is also a liquid nitrogen storage system for the preservation of es cells and cryopreservation of mouse embryos and germplasm. all mice are housed under specific pathogen free conditions in three rooms capable of holding over 2,500 mice. batches of archived (cryopreserved) samples are split for storage in houston and offsite.


text:
GOATS! Goatsgoatsgoatsgoats…this is what my friend Dan and I used to yell at each other in his mom’s car when we saw the goats the city of Oakland would place on the side of the road in our neighborhood to eat all the extra grass and prevent wildfires. That was my only interaction with goats prior to my experience on the goat farm!
If you have even one pet you are aware that they require a lot of maintenance. So consider 200+ goats and you can imagine farm life. This is why they take so few vacations! Besides all the cleaning and feeding, milking the goats is the most time-consuming aspect of goat farming. On the very first day I assisted with la traite (the milking), mere minutes after Maëva told me a story about her sister getting pooped on by a goat during the milking process. Yikes! Luckily I avoided being pooped on the whole time!
This process needs to happen twice daily with the same amount of hours in between each milking. On this farm, it was 6am/6pm.
First, the goats are fed before rounding them up to bring into la salle de traite (the milking room). A wheelbarrow is used to distribute a sort of kibble-like food mixed with powdered minerals and vitamins. There is a hole in the wheelbarrow so when you walk quickly down the row, the food pours out in a line. My job was to follow the wheelbarrow with a broom and sweep the stray food back towards the goats’ eager tongues. They eat so voraciously that food gets propelled far out of reach of their mouths.
The first time I witnessed this process, I was amazed by what I saw and heard. As soon as the goats would hear the food being poured into the wheelbarrow, the sound of a stampede would fill my ears as they ran to line up at the gate and wait expectantly. The second the food was distributed, a frenzy of floor-licking would begin. It seemed as though they hadn’t eaten for days. Burps and gulps echoed off the dusty walls. I kept thinking, “they eat like such savage animals” and then I would remember, DUH they ARE animals! Some extra-greedy goats would even twist and squirm around the bars so they could place their legs and hooves on the platform and scrape more food towards themselves, preventing nearby goats from accessing the surrounding food.
Once 20 or so goats were squished onto each side, we shut the gates and commenced milking. There is a set of pumps for every 3 or 4 goats. I quickly realized that it’s much harder than it looks. The first hurdle is that sometimes the goats really didn’t want the pumps to go on them, so they would repeatedly kick me or squish their legs together so I couldn’t reach. I could sometimes sneak it on them by winding the pump behind their legs, but then they would use their legs to push it off. Often, I would have to give up and ask for help. Once a goat was being particularly stubborn and I asked Gundula for help. With a nice caress on the goat’s side and a few murmured words of comfort, the goat immediately calmed down and accepted the pump. I was really impressed and amazed, and even more so when I tried to do the same thing and was met with still more kicks – this woman clearly has a way with goats. A goat-whisperer! It’s really cool to see the random talents people have – for things I’d never even have imagined.
Stubborn goats aside, many of them were complacent. Once the process has begun, the next difficulty is tending to the pumps in a timely manner. At the beginning of each set, I would start 3 to 4 goats pumping. Once I finished attaching pumps to the last goat, the first goat would be done, so I’d have to run over and move the pumps to the next goat. And so on. It’s best to avoid leaving the pumps on for too long after the milk has been pumped out, so it’s really important to stay on top of who’s teats are empty (ew I hate the word teat but that’s what they are! In French it’s la mamelle, a less gross word).
After we brought them back from la traite, they were given du foin (hay), de la paille (straw), and de la luzerne (dried alfafa). Usually they were fed these dried varieties of hay 4-5 times per day, plus they spent all day grazing in the grass. They were constantly eating! The more they eat, the more milk they produce.
Me and the goats! I’m holding a fouet, a sort of whip, but you just use it to get them moving when they get distracted by a tasty-looking flower nearby. It doesn’t hurt them since the end is very flexible.
I was present for the full cycle of life during my time on the farm. On the second morning, one of the pregnant goats (in French you say elle est pleine = “full”) started going into labor. I expected one of the women to stick around with her to help, but Maëva just said to let her stay off to the side and do her thing. When we got back from feeding the baby goats, she had birthed her baby! I was so excited to see it – he was tiny and cute. His cries were very high-pitched and eerily similar to those of a human baby. We left them alone so the mother could deal with him in his first moments of life. But, a few hours later when we came back to check on them, the baby had died. Apparently it was far too early and the baby shouldn’t have been born for another month or so.
Another older goat fell sick while I was there – she was born in 2002, one of the first sets of goats from this farm! When we were moving her group from one area of the barn to another, she refused to get up. The whole week, we let her stay in that spot, moving her every few hours and bringing her water in a bucket and her own food. As the days passed, her eyes got more and more clouded and she seemed even frailer. Another goat fell sick too, and stayed by her side. When I would come in the barn, they would be cuddling, surrounded by healthy goats. Sometimes the healthy goats were there to steal the food we were leaving for the sick goats, but sometimes they were simply there for moral support. The sick goats died in their sleep before I left.
It was sad to see these goats die, but c’est la vie. I can say with confidence that they lived the happiest goat lives possible – the fields they spent their days in were lush with grass and surrounded by open skies and pretty forests. They were well-cared for by three women who clearly love and respect these animals.
I really loved the goats! There is no sense in being scared of them. They are very sweet animals. If I was ever standing still around them, they would approach me and nuzzle me so I would pet them. They reminded me of puppies – sometimes they would chew on my pants if I wasn’t paying attention! Also, the cheese made from their milk was delicious. That will be my next and final wwoofing post.
*Update: Click these links for my introductory wwoofing post and my posts about Le Jardinage, Cheese, and my second trip there.

lowercased:
goats! goatsgoatsgoatsgoats…this is what my friend dan and i used to yell at each other in his mom’s car when we saw the goats the city of oakland would place on the side of the road in our neighborhood to eat all the extra grass and prevent wildfires. that was my only interaction with goats prior to my experience on the goat farm!
if you have even one pet you are aware that they require a lot of maintenance. so consider 200+ goats and you can imagine farm life. this is why they take so few vacations! besides all the cleaning and feeding, milking the goats is the most time-consuming aspect of goat farming. on the very first day i assisted with la traite (the milking), mere minutes after maëva told me a story about her sister getting pooped on by a goat during the milking process. yikes! luckily i avoided being pooped on the whole time!
this process needs to happen twice daily with the same amount of hours in between each milking. on this farm, it was 6am/6pm.
first, the goats are fed before rounding them up to bring into la salle de traite (the milking room). a wheelbarrow is used to distribute a sort of kibble-like food mixed with powdered minerals and vitamins. there is a hole in the wheelbarrow so when you walk quickly down the row, the food pours out in a line. my job was to follow the wheelbarrow with a broom and sweep the stray food back towards the goats’ eager tongues. they eat so voraciously that food gets propelled far out of reach of their mouths.
the first time i witnessed this process, i was amazed by what i saw and heard. as soon as the goats would hear the food being poured into the wheelbarrow, the sound of a stampede would fill my ears as they ran to line up at the gate and wait expectantly. the second the food was distributed, a frenzy of floor-licking would begin. it seemed as though they hadn’t eaten for days. burps and gulps echoed off the dusty walls. i kept thinking, “they eat like such savage animals” and then i would remember, duh they are animals! some extra-greedy goats would even twist and squirm around the bars so they could place their legs and hooves on the platform and scrape more food towards themselves, preventing nearby goats from accessing the surrounding food.
once 20 or so goats were squished onto each side, we shut the gates and commenced milking. there is a set of pumps for every 3 or 4 goats. i quickly realized that it’s much harder than it looks. the first hurdle is that sometimes the goats really didn’t want the pumps to go on them, so they would repeatedly kick me or squish their legs together so i couldn’t reach. i could sometimes sneak it on them by winding the pump behind their legs, but then they would use their legs to push it off. often, i would have to give up and ask for help. once a goat was being particularly stubborn and i asked gundula for help. with a nice caress on the goat’s side and a few murmured words of comfort, the goat immediately calmed down and accepted the pump. i was really impressed and amazed, and even more so when i tried to do the same thing and was met with still more kicks – this woman clearly has a way with goats. a goat-whisperer! it’s really cool to see the random talents people have – for things i’d never even have imagined.
stubborn goats aside, many of them were complacent. once the process has begun, the next difficulty is tending to the pumps in a timely manner. at the beginning of each set, i would start 3 to 4 goats pumping. once i finished attaching pumps to the last goat, the first goat would be done, so i’d have to run over and move the pumps to the next goat. and so on. it’s best to avoid leaving the pumps on for too long after the milk has been pumped out, so it’s really important to stay on top of who’s teats are empty (ew i hate the word teat but that’s what they are! in french it’s la mamelle, a less gross word).
after we brought them back from la traite, they were given du foin (hay), de la paille (straw), and de la luzerne (dried alfafa). usually they were fed these dried varieties of hay 4-5 times per day, plus they spent all day grazing in the grass. they were constantly eating! the more they eat, the more milk they produce.
me and the goats! i’m holding a fouet, a sort of whip, but you just use it to get them moving when they get distracted by a tasty-looking flower nearby. it doesn’t hurt them since the end is very flexible.
i was present for the full cycle of life during my time on the farm. on the second morning, one of the pregnant goats (in french you say elle est pleine = “full”) started going into labor. i expected one of the women to stick around with her to help, but maëva just said to let her stay off to the side and do her thing. when we got back from feeding the baby goats, she had birthed her baby! i was so excited to see it – he was tiny and cute. his cries were very high-pitched and eerily similar to those of a human baby. we left them alone so the mother could deal with him in his first moments of life. but, a few hours later when we came back to check on them, the baby had died. apparently it was far too early and the baby shouldn’t have been born for another month or so.
another older goat fell sick while i was there – she was born in 2002, one of the first sets of goats from this farm! when we were moving her group from one area of the barn to another, she refused to get up. the whole week, we let her stay in that spot, moving her every few hours and bringing her water in a bucket and her own food. as the days passed, her eyes got more and more clouded and she seemed even frailer. another goat fell sick too, and stayed by her side. when i would come in the barn, they would be cuddling, surrounded by healthy goats. sometimes the healthy goats were there to steal the food we were leaving for the sick goats, but sometimes they were simply there for moral support. the sick goats died in their sleep before i left.
it was sad to see these goats die, but c’est la vie. i can say with confidence that they lived the happiest goat lives possible – the fields they spent their days in were lush with grass and surrounded by open skies and pretty forests. they were well-cared for by three women who clearly love and respect these animals.
i really loved the goats! there is no sense in being scared of them. they are very sweet animals. if i was ever standing still around them, they would approach me and nuzzle me so i would pet them. they reminded me of puppies – sometimes they would chew on my pants if i wasn’t paying attention! also, the cheese made from their milk was delicious. that will be my next and final wwoofing post.
*update: click these links for my introductory wwoofing post and my posts about le jardinage, cheese, and my second trip there.


text:
Yesterday, we kicked off Sony Flash Week with a look at the Flashpoint XPLOR600 600ws monolights which offer affordable batter-powered 600 watt/second flash with wireless triggering, High Speed Sync up to 1/8000th and TTL for Sony Multi-Interface Shoe cameras.
Today we take a look at Flashpoint speedlights and hotshoe flashes for Sony Multi-Interface Shoe cameras offer wireless radio control, TTL and High Speed Sync.
Flashpoint Zoom LioN TTL R2 Speedlight for Sony (Pre-Order for $179.95) includes full R2 Remote TTL connectivity and interaction with all Sony strobe functions including TTL, High Speed Sync, Exposure Compensation and an automatically zooming flash head.
The R2 TTL Wireless Flash System is the advanced 2.4GHz radio remote that adds camera TTL dedicated custom functions to your multi flash experience. Easy to use buttons command a full range of functions like reliable channel triggering, group mode selectivity, HSS, with powerful signal strength and exceptional stability to your selected camera flash language. LED panels clearly display the status of all remote R2 compliant strobes so you always have control of group lighting mastery. R2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera R2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
The other massive advantage is the internal and interchangeable Lithium Ion Polymer battery with exponentially more power than AA batteries of any type, while fitting into roughly the same amount of space. Packing an amazing 11.1 volts and 2000mAh, this battery can power your flash longer and with faster recycle than any shoe mount speedlight on the market. Full power recycle times are less than 1.5 seconds, even if you fire 5 full power shots in fast succession!
One completely charged battery can deliver up to 650 full power shots. The high-powered, fast recycling Lithium Ion battery has a charge time of just 2.5 hours has enough juice to get you through most shoots. (Extra Flashpoint Batteries for the ZoomLion Flash are Available for $49.95).
The flash head rotates 180 degrees in any direction and tilts over 90 degrees for any type of bounce or modifier use. The head zooms automatically or manually from 24-200mm, to ensure the necessary coverage without wasted spill. The built-in pull out wide angle diffuser spreads light evenly for use with lenses wider than 24mm to 14mm.
The key component that makes this new flash stand apart from others is the proprietary TTL and HSS enabled 2.4GHz R2 Radio Remote System radio triggers transmits atop a Sony body with the essential TTL pass-through and laser AF assist and works with the complete family of Flashpoint Speedlights, Monolights and Strobe lights with R2 TTL radio transceiver built right in.
Flashpoint Zoom Li-on Manual R2 Speedlight (Order for $99.95) uses the same 11.1 volt 2000mAh interchangeable Lithium Ion Polymer battery that can deliver up to 650 full power shots with all the same specs – just with manual power settings. If you prefer manual flash settings and don’t need TTL, you can get the manual-only version of this flash for $99.95!
Flashpoint Zoom TTL R2 Speedlight for Sony (Pre-Order for $119.95) is an advanced 2.4GHz radio remote that adds camera TTL dedicated custom functions to your multi flash experience. Easy to use buttons command a full range of functions like reliable channel triggering, group mode selectivity, HSS, with powerful signal strength and exceptional stability to your selected camera flash language. LED panels clearly display the status of all remote R2 compliant strobes so you always have control of group lighting mastery. R2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera R2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
The simple layout and familiar controls make using this flash intuitive. The flash head rotates 180 degrees in any direction and tilts over 90 degrees for any type of bounce or modifier use. The head zooms automatically or manually from 24-200mm, to ensure the necessary coverage without wasted spill. The built-in pull out wide angle diffuser spreads light evenly for use with lenses wider than 24mm to 14mm.
This high-powered, speedy recycling, compact and durable AA battery-powered TTL flash is sure to become a pivotal part of your photography equipment lineup.
Flashpoint Zoom Manual R2 Speedlight (Order for $99.95) also uses AA batteries with all the same specs – just with manual power settings. If you prefer manual flash settings and don’t need TTL, you can get the manual-only version of this flash for $99.95!
Flashpoint StreakLight TTL 360w/s Flash for Sony with Flashpoint Blast Pack (Pre-Order for $619.95) with R2 integrated wireless transceiver built-in offers 360 watt/seconds of power, precise TTL exposure, advantages of advanced engineering and inventive circuitry in a solid, dependable package, energized by the magic of lithium. Ingenuity abounds with raw energy brawn and seamless compatibility to all Sony on-camera TTL controls. At the same time – acting as the Master command center interface – to control flash modes, power levels, and lighting ratios on any number of Streaklight 360 TTL Sony with either TTL or Manual power settings.
The 360ws bare bulb tube delivers beautifully even and soft light from its standard stippled parabolic reflector, with or without the two included diffusion disks. The Lumedyne style standard mount will accept most Lumedyne or Quantum accessories, as well as the full line of Streaklight accessories including beauty dishes, gels, grids, snoots, and an innovative umbrella mount which securely centers the flash for perfect on axis light distribution within an umbrella or brollybox.
I have several of the previous manual-only version of this flash. It works fine as long as you use it sparingly – but it will shut down in fired at full power for around 60 consecutive flashes as quickly as it recycles. For heavy use I would instead recommend: Flashpoint XPLOR 600 TTL R2 For Sony.
The key to the R2 TTL Wireless Flash System is the advanced 2.4GHz radio remote that adds camera TTL dedicated custom functions to your Sony multi flash experience. R2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera R2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
R2 TTL Wireless Flash System is the advanced 2.4GHz radio remote that adds camera TTL dedicated custom functions to your multi flash experience. Easy to use buttons command a full range of functions like reliable channel triggering, group mode selectivity, HSS, with powerful signal strength and exceptional stability to your selected camera flash language. LED panels clearly display the status of all remote R2 compliant strobes so you always have control of group lighting mastery. R2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera R2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
The incredible range of these compact and lightweight units as well as their integrated functions and features make them the first choice of professional photographers. The proprietary TTL and HSS enabled 2.4GHz R2 Radio Remote System radio triggers transmits atop a Sony multi-terminal body with TTL pass-through and works with the complete family of Flashpoint Speedlights, Monolights and Strobe lights with R2 TTL radio transceiver built right in.
All the R2 enabled family communicate seamlessly: the lithium powered Zoom Li-on Sony TTL speedlights, the Zoom M AA-powered speedlights, Streaklight 360 TTL for Sony, and the 600ws XPLOR600 monolights. Older Flashpoint flashes can be fired and controlled off camera while being attached to the R2 Radio Remote Receiver to grace remote link to earlier models.
All the R2 enabled family communicate seamlessly: Lithium powered Zoom Li-on Sony TTL speedlights, Zoom alkaline-powered speedlights, Streaklight 360w/s Sony TTL flash and 600w/s XPLOR600 monolights. Older Flashpoint flashes can be fired and controlled off camera when attached to this R2 Radio Remote Receiver.
R2R-S Receiver can also trigger other strobes with hot shoes or sync ports. It includes USB port for firmware updates and 2.5mm Sync Port.
An extra battery is always a good idea, and this long lasting 2000mAh power pack is no exception, even if it is likely to never die on you. Rated to 650+ full power shots on a single 2.5 hour charge, this unit delivers the power of an external battery pack inside your flash.
Flashpoint Grip for StreakLight Flash (Order Here for $19.49) this handy accessory allows Streaklights or other speedlights to be comfortably held by assistants and off camera by attaching firmly to the base of the flash. Ergonomic design conforms to the hand for a comfortable grip.
So these have the newer MI shoe?
Is the Godox X1N TTL trigger fully compatible with the Flashpoint Zoom Li-on R2 TTL On-Camera Flash Speedlight For Nikon?
It should be compatible if your using them with Nikon cameras but not on other camera brands.

lowercased:
yesterday, we kicked off sony flash week with a look at the flashpoint xplor600 600ws monolights which offer affordable batter-powered 600 watt/second flash with wireless triggering, high speed sync up to 1/8000th and ttl for sony multi-interface shoe cameras.
today we take a look at flashpoint speedlights and hotshoe flashes for sony multi-interface shoe cameras offer wireless radio control, ttl and high speed sync.
flashpoint zoom lion ttl r2 speedlight for sony (pre-order for $179.95) includes full r2 remote ttl connectivity and interaction with all sony strobe functions including ttl, high speed sync, exposure compensation and an automatically zooming flash head.
the r2 ttl wireless flash system is the advanced 2.4ghz radio remote that adds camera ttl dedicated custom functions to your multi flash experience. easy to use buttons command a full range of functions like reliable channel triggering, group mode selectivity, hss, with powerful signal strength and exceptional stability to your selected camera flash language. led panels clearly display the status of all remote r2 compliant strobes so you always have control of group lighting mastery. r2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera r2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
the other massive advantage is the internal and interchangeable lithium ion polymer battery with exponentially more power than aa batteries of any type, while fitting into roughly the same amount of space. packing an amazing 11.1 volts and 2000mah, this battery can power your flash longer and with faster recycle than any shoe mount speedlight on the market. full power recycle times are less than 1.5 seconds, even if you fire 5 full power shots in fast succession!
one completely charged battery can deliver up to 650 full power shots. the high-powered, fast recycling lithium ion battery has a charge time of just 2.5 hours has enough juice to get you through most shoots. (extra flashpoint batteries for the zoomlion flash are available for $49.95).
the flash head rotates 180 degrees in any direction and tilts over 90 degrees for any type of bounce or modifier use. the head zooms automatically or manually from 24-200mm, to ensure the necessary coverage without wasted spill. the built-in pull out wide angle diffuser spreads light evenly for use with lenses wider than 24mm to 14mm.
the key component that makes this new flash stand apart from others is the proprietary ttl and hss enabled 2.4ghz r2 radio remote system radio triggers transmits atop a sony body with the essential ttl pass-through and laser af assist and works with the complete family of flashpoint speedlights, monolights and strobe lights with r2 ttl radio transceiver built right in.
flashpoint zoom li-on manual r2 speedlight (order for $99.95) uses the same 11.1 volt 2000mah interchangeable lithium ion polymer battery that can deliver up to 650 full power shots with all the same specs – just with manual power settings. if you prefer manual flash settings and don’t need ttl, you can get the manual-only version of this flash for $99.95!
flashpoint zoom ttl r2 speedlight for sony (pre-order for $119.95) is an advanced 2.4ghz radio remote that adds camera ttl dedicated custom functions to your multi flash experience. easy to use buttons command a full range of functions like reliable channel triggering, group mode selectivity, hss, with powerful signal strength and exceptional stability to your selected camera flash language. led panels clearly display the status of all remote r2 compliant strobes so you always have control of group lighting mastery. r2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera r2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
the simple layout and familiar controls make using this flash intuitive. the flash head rotates 180 degrees in any direction and tilts over 90 degrees for any type of bounce or modifier use. the head zooms automatically or manually from 24-200mm, to ensure the necessary coverage without wasted spill. the built-in pull out wide angle diffuser spreads light evenly for use with lenses wider than 24mm to 14mm.
this high-powered, speedy recycling, compact and durable aa battery-powered ttl flash is sure to become a pivotal part of your photography equipment lineup.
flashpoint zoom manual r2 speedlight (order for $99.95) also uses aa batteries with all the same specs – just with manual power settings. if you prefer manual flash settings and don’t need ttl, you can get the manual-only version of this flash for $99.95!
flashpoint streaklight ttl 360w/s flash for sony with flashpoint blast pack (pre-order for $619.95) with r2 integrated wireless transceiver built-in offers 360 watt/seconds of power, precise ttl exposure, advantages of advanced engineering and inventive circuitry in a solid, dependable package, energized by the magic of lithium. ingenuity abounds with raw energy brawn and seamless compatibility to all sony on-camera ttl controls. at the same time – acting as the master command center interface – to control flash modes, power levels, and lighting ratios on any number of streaklight 360 ttl sony with either ttl or manual power settings.
the 360ws bare bulb tube delivers beautifully even and soft light from its standard stippled parabolic reflector, with or without the two included diffusion disks. the lumedyne style standard mount will accept most lumedyne or quantum accessories, as well as the full line of streaklight accessories including beauty dishes, gels, grids, snoots, and an innovative umbrella mount which securely centers the flash for perfect on axis light distribution within an umbrella or brollybox.
i have several of the previous manual-only version of this flash. it works fine as long as you use it sparingly – but it will shut down in fired at full power for around 60 consecutive flashes as quickly as it recycles. for heavy use i would instead recommend: flashpoint xplor 600 ttl r2 for sony.
the key to the r2 ttl wireless flash system is the advanced 2.4ghz radio remote that adds camera ttl dedicated custom functions to your sony multi flash experience. r2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera r2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
r2 ttl wireless flash system is the advanced 2.4ghz radio remote that adds camera ttl dedicated custom functions to your multi flash experience. easy to use buttons command a full range of functions like reliable channel triggering, group mode selectivity, hss, with powerful signal strength and exceptional stability to your selected camera flash language. led panels clearly display the status of all remote r2 compliant strobes so you always have control of group lighting mastery. r2 wireless communication gives speed of light response to on camera or off camera r2 family devices for a spectacular advantage on the shoot in any environment.
the incredible range of these compact and lightweight units as well as their integrated functions and features make them the first choice of professional photographers. the proprietary ttl and hss enabled 2.4ghz r2 radio remote system radio triggers transmits atop a sony multi-terminal body with ttl pass-through and works with the complete family of flashpoint speedlights, monolights and strobe lights with r2 ttl radio transceiver built right in.
all the r2 enabled family communicate seamlessly: the lithium powered zoom li-on sony ttl speedlights, the zoom m aa-powered speedlights, streaklight 360 ttl for sony, and the 600ws xplor600 monolights. older flashpoint flashes can be fired and controlled off camera while being attached to the r2 radio remote receiver to grace remote link to earlier models.
all the r2 enabled family communicate seamlessly: lithium powered zoom li-on sony ttl speedlights, zoom alkaline-powered speedlights, streaklight 360w/s sony ttl flash and 600w/s xplor600 monolights. older flashpoint flashes can be fired and controlled off camera when attached to this r2 radio remote receiver.
r2r-s receiver can also trigger other strobes with hot shoes or sync ports. it includes usb port for firmware updates and 2.5mm sync port.
an extra battery is always a good idea, and this long lasting 2000mah power pack is no exception, even if it is likely to never die on you. rated to 650+ full power shots on a single 2.5 hour charge, this unit delivers the power of an external battery pack inside your flash.
flashpoint grip for streaklight flash (order here for $19.49) this handy accessory allows streaklights or other speedlights to be comfortably held by assistants and off camera by attaching firmly to the base of the flash. ergonomic design conforms to the hand for a comfortable grip.
so these have the newer mi shoe?
is the godox x1n ttl trigger fully compatible with the flashpoint zoom li-on r2 ttl on-camera flash speedlight for nikon?
it should be compatible if your using them with nikon cameras but not on other camera brands.


text: So that you come residence late at evening and do not have the zeal to cook dinner meals for your self. Effectively, you’ve now the choice to feed your hungry tummy and the very very first thing you are able to do is to order some meals. Numerous meals choices now accessible and however if you need to avail a immediate supply then select one of the best pizza supply Halifax. Sure, it’s a full meal that may be served at your house inside a stipulated timeframe and this protects a lot of your time with out worrying concerning the lacking of any meals merchandise. Discovering pizza supply service in Halifax is a little bit bit time-consuming. It’s good to do a correct analysis work and skim the critiques of the purchasers in an effort to select the proper supply service. A number of numbers of fine eating places can be found at that and this makes the duty much more tough for patrons to decide on the proper one as per their necessities. It’s good to undergo their providers in addition to their clients’ assessment to determine which one is value your funding. Contact them and ask their checklist of menus. Undergo their supply insurance policies with none fail. When you make the number of one of the best pizza supply service Halifax, you make a name to them and order your favourite pizza. When you affirm your order, it is now time to pay shut consideration how a lot time they take to ship the order. As it’s stated that a variety of choices can be found, that you must discover out which may ship you the quickest. Nevertheless, that you must just be sure you select one of the best pizza supply Halifax that gives well timed supply service in addition to contemporary meals objects. Most frequently on tv, we get to see a series of pizza supply commercials, in addition to that, there are another native pizza supply retailers that present high quality meals however not so popularly recognized. Do not be afraid of ordering meals from them as they serve contemporary meals to clients however they spend much less cash on commercial and that is in all probability the explanation why they’re lesser recognized retailers. The very best pizza supply Halifax is open through the enterprise hours which suggests if you happen to get caught at work within the workplace or someplace, you’ll be able to nonetheless order pizza and it will likely be delivered at your office. Is not it a terrific choice to strive? In fact, it’s. In actual fact, you’ll be able to avail this service at wherever. You possibly can get pleasure from a whole meal with out having to attend in a restaurant for getting a desk reserving or to hurry to a grocery retailer to purchase cooking stuff or so. You possibly can feed your complete household with only one meal. When you determine which kind of pizza you wish to have, simply decide up your telephone and ensure the order from one of the best pizza supply Halifax. It’s accessible throughout common enterprise hours. So order your favourite meals and save time.

lowercased: so that you come residence late at evening and do not have the zeal to cook dinner meals for your self. effectively, you’ve now the choice to feed your hungry tummy and the very very first thing you are able to do is to order some meals. numerous meals choices now accessible and however if you need to avail a immediate supply then select one of the best pizza supply halifax. sure, it’s a full meal that may be served at your house inside a stipulated timeframe and this protects a lot of your time with out worrying concerning the lacking of any meals merchandise. discovering pizza supply service in halifax is a little bit bit time-consuming. it’s good to do a correct analysis work and skim the critiques of the purchasers in an effort to select the proper supply service. a number of numbers of fine eating places can be found at that and this makes the duty much more tough for patrons to decide on the proper one as per their necessities. it’s good to undergo their providers in addition to their clients’ assessment to determine which one is value your funding. contact them and ask their checklist of menus. undergo their supply insurance policies with none fail. when you make the number of one of the best pizza supply service halifax, you make a name to them and order your favourite pizza. when you affirm your order, it is now time to pay shut consideration how a lot time they take to ship the order. as it’s stated that a variety of choices can be found, that you must discover out which may ship you the quickest. nevertheless, that you must just be sure you select one of the best pizza supply halifax that gives well timed supply service in addition to contemporary meals objects. most frequently on tv, we get to see a series of pizza supply commercials, in addition to that, there are another native pizza supply retailers that present high quality meals however not so popularly recognized. do not be afraid of ordering meals from them as they serve contemporary meals to clients however they spend much less cash on commercial and that is in all probability the explanation why they’re lesser recognized retailers. the very best pizza supply halifax is open through the enterprise hours which suggests if you happen to get caught at work within the workplace or someplace, you’ll be able to nonetheless order pizza and it will likely be delivered at your office. is not it a terrific choice to strive? in fact, it’s. in actual fact, you’ll be able to avail this service at wherever. you possibly can get pleasure from a whole meal with out having to attend in a restaurant for getting a desk reserving or to hurry to a grocery retailer to purchase cooking stuff or so. you possibly can feed your complete household with only one meal. when you determine which kind of pizza you wish to have, simply decide up your telephone and ensure the order from one of the best pizza supply halifax. it’s accessible throughout common enterprise hours. so order your favourite meals and save time.


text:
But I would like to have the child nodes of these root nodes to have a different template in this case it could be a Listview etc so that IO can control how they will appear on the screen.
I know that I can create the nodes server side but I can only create 1 server side template that is applied to all nodes (or so it seems) and while I can specify 2 templates on the design surface (Global) and (per defined Node Type) I do not see how I can do this when I am databinding. As in this case I am databinding to 2 datatables, one with the summary information and the other containing the detail information. I appreciate that this may not be clear, if you need me to clarify anything on this please let me know.
Any help guidance or wisdom would be much appreciated.
I am sorry for the delayed reply.
I've prepared a sample project which demonstrates the needed approach. Please download the attached file and give it a try. If you have any further questions, don't hesitate to write to us again.

lowercased:
but i would like to have the child nodes of these root nodes to have a different template in this case it could be a listview etc so that io can control how they will appear on the screen.
i know that i can create the nodes server side but i can only create 1 server side template that is applied to all nodes (or so it seems) and while i can specify 2 templates on the design surface (global) and (per defined node type) i do not see how i can do this when i am databinding. as in this case i am databinding to 2 datatables, one with the summary information and the other containing the detail information. i appreciate that this may not be clear, if you need me to clarify anything on this please let me know.
any help guidance or wisdom would be much appreciated.
i am sorry for the delayed reply.
i've prepared a sample project which demonstrates the needed approach. please download the attached file and give it a try. if you have any further questions, don't hesitate to write to us again.


text:
There’s an article on Food52 today about the poet Jacqueline Suskin‘s new book, Go Ahead & Like It. Its pages are a hodgepodge of images, lists, and sketches–a collection of ‘things Suskin likes,’ built over time.
The editors at Food52 took this premise to heart, and created their own lists.
It sounds simple, but each list was a pleasure–each author so specific and so particular. It’s spiritually satisfying: a reminder to meditate on the small, happy things that wing through our day to day lives. The payoff of such a daily practice is both literary and psychological.
I wrote my own list below. It’s what floated to the surface on a Wednesday morning at the end of April, less than five weeks from my wedding, in my office in Hoboken.
I’d love to read your lists as well. Please leave them in the comments!
For those living the the New York area, I’ll be in Hudson, NY this Saturday May 2nd from 12-4pm for the Fifth Annual Ramp Fest Hudson. 20 chefs (from Hudson + New York City) are set to participate, including plenty of my local favorites like The Crimson Sparrow, Ca’Mea, Swoon Kitchenbar, and Fish & Game.
It’ll be like eating at twenty awesome, ramp-focused restaurants in one day. Heaven.
The event will be held at the Basilica Hudson (handily located across the street from the Hudson Amtrak station. It’s a 2.5-ish hour drive from Brooklyn-Hudson, or a 2 hour train ride from Penn Station). A $30-ticket gives you access to a tasting portion of each dish, live music, and a (cash) bar.
On Saturday, I’ll pick a favorite ramp recipe, and post it on The Roaming Kitchen, so even those far away can participate!
I have never met a group more reliable to have a good meal with–and it should be said, a few drinks with–than poets…Poets tend to love the details, the process of food, the languid hours of a good meal–meaning not just the vittles but the talk, often loud, that accompanies it.
This may also be because the best poems, like the best meals, are made from scratch. Both rely on the seasons, but also human history; both also consist of tradition, on knowledge passed down either from books or from generation to generation, hand to mouth. In poetry, there are few shortcuts, but there are secrets. Food and poetry each insist that we put our own twists and ingredients in the mix: we make each dish, like a good poem, our own. With any luck, the result is both surprising and satisfying, exactly what we wanted, perhaps without even knowing it.
I wake up abruptly, for no reason at all, in a white bed on Rue Cambon. The Frenchman is asleep, one arm thrown over his head like backstroke. He’ll have been out until small hours, drinking beers on the Canal St. Martin with friends. The room is small, all white, all teeth, except for a stained mirror occupying one wall. A single window runs to the ceiling: beyond gauze white curtains, a gray window box, a spray of fuchsia geraniums, and beyond that, the pearl light of an overcast summer day.
I brush my teeth to an episode of Downton Abbey I’ve seen several times already and then set out into the drizzling city. My first stop is G. Detou (the French love wordplay: “j’ai de tout” means “I have all”) where I sometimes buy fifty bean pouches of vanilla for a song, but today a massive bag of quality cocoa powder. I skirt along the edge of Les Halles. Paris is a city of settled beauty, but I love it for the tiny details, so easy to overlook: the almost hidden covered passages containing multitudes, the throwback, neon green detective’s sign just before the Louvre.
I take myself to Fish for lunch and sit at the bar and order Sancerre. I’ll have the white bean velouté, thin and earthy with whisker slicks of olive oil and sourdough croutons half submerged like sunken ships. I’ll eat juicy sole over tangles of purple cabbage, zucchini ribbons, fennel fronds, chervil, capers. It’s really raining now, so I order the darkest espresso there ever was and drop in a craggy raw sugar cube that I break up with a miniature, heated spoon. I read my book. The rain subsides.
The book is almost finished, and I’m downright heartbroken about, do you know what I mean? I walk to Shakespeare and Co. for a new one and there’s a line out the door; a tall, blonde, American actress is also buying books. I need some peace. I wind my way into the 3eme, so many turning, narrow streets, hushed like the inside of a maze. I want to visit the Picasso Museum, a beige square block surrounded by towering beige walls, but it’s still closed. It’s been years. I’m starting to think they’ll never reopen.
I make my way back to the hotel. I needed the day alone. In the wake of the last week, how does a person put one foot in front of the other? Evening will bring dinner with my family, and then more beers with the Frenchman’s friends. In the room, the bed’s been made, a chocolate left on each pillow. I shower in the white marble bathroom, maybe just for the luxury of donning the billowing white robe. I read some more, enmesh myself in someone else’s tragedy. Then I eat both the chocolates, and lick my fingers clean.

lowercased:
there’s an article on food52 today about the poet jacqueline suskin‘s new book, go ahead & like it. its pages are a hodgepodge of images, lists, and sketches–a collection of ‘things suskin likes,’ built over time.
the editors at food52 took this premise to heart, and created their own lists.
it sounds simple, but each list was a pleasure–each author so specific and so particular. it’s spiritually satisfying: a reminder to meditate on the small, happy things that wing through our day to day lives. the payoff of such a daily practice is both literary and psychological.
i wrote my own list below. it’s what floated to the surface on a wednesday morning at the end of april, less than five weeks from my wedding, in my office in hoboken.
i’d love to read your lists as well. please leave them in the comments!
for those living the the new york area, i’ll be in hudson, ny this saturday may 2nd from 12-4pm for the fifth annual ramp fest hudson. 20 chefs (from hudson + new york city) are set to participate, including plenty of my local favorites like the crimson sparrow, ca’mea, swoon kitchenbar, and fish & game.
it’ll be like eating at twenty awesome, ramp-focused restaurants in one day. heaven.
the event will be held at the basilica hudson (handily located across the street from the hudson amtrak station. it’s a 2.5-ish hour drive from brooklyn-hudson, or a 2 hour train ride from penn station). a $30-ticket gives you access to a tasting portion of each dish, live music, and a (cash) bar.
on saturday, i’ll pick a favorite ramp recipe, and post it on the roaming kitchen, so even those far away can participate!
i have never met a group more reliable to have a good meal with–and it should be said, a few drinks with–than poets…poets tend to love the details, the process of food, the languid hours of a good meal–meaning not just the vittles but the talk, often loud, that accompanies it.
this may also be because the best poems, like the best meals, are made from scratch. both rely on the seasons, but also human history; both also consist of tradition, on knowledge passed down either from books or from generation to generation, hand to mouth. in poetry, there are few shortcuts, but there are secrets. food and poetry each insist that we put our own twists and ingredients in the mix: we make each dish, like a good poem, our own. with any luck, the result is both surprising and satisfying, exactly what we wanted, perhaps without even knowing it.
i wake up abruptly, for no reason at all, in a white bed on rue cambon. the frenchman is asleep, one arm thrown over his head like backstroke. he’ll have been out until small hours, drinking beers on the canal st. martin with friends. the room is small, all white, all teeth, except for a stained mirror occupying one wall. a single window runs to the ceiling: beyond gauze white curtains, a gray window box, a spray of fuchsia geraniums, and beyond that, the pearl light of an overcast summer day.
i brush my teeth to an episode of downton abbey i’ve seen several times already and then set out into the drizzling city. my first stop is g. detou (the french love wordplay: “j’ai de tout” means “i have all”) where i sometimes buy fifty bean pouches of vanilla for a song, but today a massive bag of quality cocoa powder. i skirt along the edge of les halles. paris is a city of settled beauty, but i love it for the tiny details, so easy to overlook: the almost hidden covered passages containing multitudes, the throwback, neon green detective’s sign just before the louvre.
i take myself to fish for lunch and sit at the bar and order sancerre. i’ll have the white bean velouté, thin and earthy with whisker slicks of olive oil and sourdough croutons half submerged like sunken ships. i’ll eat juicy sole over tangles of purple cabbage, zucchini ribbons, fennel fronds, chervil, capers. it’s really raining now, so i order the darkest espresso there ever was and drop in a craggy raw sugar cube that i break up with a miniature, heated spoon. i read my book. the rain subsides.
the book is almost finished, and i’m downright heartbroken about, do you know what i mean? i walk to shakespeare and co. for a new one and there’s a line out the door; a tall, blonde, american actress is also buying books. i need some peace. i wind my way into the 3eme, so many turning, narrow streets, hushed like the inside of a maze. i want to visit the picasso museum, a beige square block surrounded by towering beige walls, but it’s still closed. it’s been years. i’m starting to think they’ll never reopen.
i make my way back to the hotel. i needed the day alone. in the wake of the last week, how does a person put one foot in front of the other? evening will bring dinner with my family, and then more beers with the frenchman’s friends. in the room, the bed’s been made, a chocolate left on each pillow. i shower in the white marble bathroom, maybe just for the luxury of donning the billowing white robe. i read some more, enmesh myself in someone else’s tragedy. then i eat both the chocolates, and lick my fingers clean.


text:
A group of at least six men sitting chatting in an area of cultivation near to Abwong village on the south bank of the Sobat River, probably preparing the ground for the first sowing of millet and maize. This fits well with the May-July period in which Evans-Pritchard's 1935 fieldwork was undertaken. Cultivation, along with fishing, was considered a subsidiary but necessary activity by the cattle keeping Nuer.
Note on print reverse ms pencil - "28 2 A208" & print front border ms ink - "NUER I/82"
Morton, Chris. "Nuer men preparing garden" Southern Sudan Project (in development). 03 Jan. 2006. Pitt Rivers Museum. <http://southernsudan.prm.ox.ac.uk/details/1998.355.41.2/>.

lowercased:
a group of at least six men sitting chatting in an area of cultivation near to abwong village on the south bank of the sobat river, probably preparing the ground for the first sowing of millet and maize. this fits well with the may-july period in which evans-pritchard's 1935 fieldwork was undertaken. cultivation, along with fishing, was considered a subsidiary but necessary activity by the cattle keeping nuer.
note on print reverse ms pencil - "28 2 a208" & print front border ms ink - "nuer i/82"
morton, chris. "nuer men preparing garden" southern sudan project (in development). 03 jan. 2006. pitt rivers museum. <http://southernsudan.prm.ox.ac.uk/details/1998.355.41.2/>.


text:
You have to do replacement of top rail for above ground pool when they rusted or corroded. The Rust is caused by rain and the sun, or from corrosive chemicals like salt, chlorine, acid, etc. Over time the effects damage on the coatings protecting the metal parts of the average above ground pool including top rail.
You can buy the top rail to do replacement by yourself or hire professional for your above ground pool. You need to know exactly size and type of your above ground pool top rails or your new rail will be unused. Maybe you will find your pool type is no longer produced, and your rail type is no longer available. Take a picture and send it to an experienced pool dealer and see if there are still available or suitable types is the simple and easy way.
You need to do top rail replacement when you see your top rails rusted with pieces falling into the pool. A quick and cheap way is to take rails off and clean grid with your drill and the spray a coat of the trench liner in a container. It turns into a sheet of rubber.

lowercased:
you have to do replacement of top rail for above ground pool when they rusted or corroded. the rust is caused by rain and the sun, or from corrosive chemicals like salt, chlorine, acid, etc. over time the effects damage on the coatings protecting the metal parts of the average above ground pool including top rail.
you can buy the top rail to do replacement by yourself or hire professional for your above ground pool. you need to know exactly size and type of your above ground pool top rails or your new rail will be unused. maybe you will find your pool type is no longer produced, and your rail type is no longer available. take a picture and send it to an experienced pool dealer and see if there are still available or suitable types is the simple and easy way.
you need to do top rail replacement when you see your top rails rusted with pieces falling into the pool. a quick and cheap way is to take rails off and clean grid with your drill and the spray a coat of the trench liner in a container. it turns into a sheet of rubber.


text:
Mother and daughter, family portrait. Natural light.
Greats shot, love the colors. The little one is a pro model already!

lowercased:
mother and daughter, family portrait. natural light.
greats shot, love the colors. the little one is a pro model already!


text: RHS-1949_Betty Reuwer Cook HUSBAND: JACK WILBUR COOK, 81, died Sept. 11, 2009. He was a retired colonel in the U.S.A.F., where he had flown B-36 and B-52 bombers and was head of force reduction in Vietnam. He came to Louisville in 1970 from the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, CO, where he was a professor of mathematics. He was the commander of the R.O.T.C. at the University of Louisville. Upon retirement from the Air Force, he taught math at the University of Louisville. Jack was a graduate of the U.S Naval Academy & the University of Texas, where he received his master's degree. He was a Mason, Shriner, deacon at Walnut Street Baptist Church, a Kentucky Colonel, & a member of the Horseman's Christian Association at Churchill Downs. He is survived by his wife of 54 years, Betty Reuwer (RHS-1949); sons, Mark (Kim) and David; two grandsons, Dylan and Jack, and a sister, Dian (Willard).

lowercased: rhs-1949_betty reuwer cook husband: jack wilbur cook, 81, died sept. 11, 2009. he was a retired colonel in the u.s.a.f., where he had flown b-36 and b-52 bombers and was head of force reduction in vietnam. he came to louisville in 1970 from the air force academy in colorado springs, co, where he was a professor of mathematics. he was the commander of the r.o.t.c. at the university of louisville. upon retirement from the air force, he taught math at the university of louisville. jack was a graduate of the u.s naval academy & the university of texas, where he received his master's degree. he was a mason, shriner, deacon at walnut street baptist church, a kentucky colonel, & a member of the horseman's christian association at churchill downs. he is survived by his wife of 54 years, betty reuwer (rhs-1949); sons, mark (kim) and david; two grandsons, dylan and jack, and a sister, dian (willard).


text:
Fermob is a French designer and manufacturer of authentic and stylish metal outdoor furniture that exudes joie de vivre. Fermob is well known for its Bistro collection, developed from the original model patented in 1889. This simple yet ingenious collection, featuring distinctive chairs and ten table formats to mix and match, is indicative of the charm and authenticity on which Fermob consistently delivers. With each unique piece of the Bistro collection, Fermob writes a new chapter in the range’s history. Fermob’s factory in Thoissey, France produces about 400,000 products annually, including the Bistro collection, with each piece adhering to the detail and quality for which Fermob has come to be known and cherished. See our stock list here.
Bistro Folding High Table 28" x 28"
Fermob Montmartre Table 38" or 46"

lowercased:
fermob is a french designer and manufacturer of authentic and stylish metal outdoor furniture that exudes joie de vivre. fermob is well known for its bistro collection, developed from the original model patented in 1889. this simple yet ingenious collection, featuring distinctive chairs and ten table formats to mix and match, is indicative of the charm and authenticity on which fermob consistently delivers. with each unique piece of the bistro collection, fermob writes a new chapter in the range’s history. fermob’s factory in thoissey, france produces about 400,000 products annually, including the bistro collection, with each piece adhering to the detail and quality for which fermob has come to be known and cherished. see our stock list here.
bistro folding high table 28" x 28"
fermob montmartre table 38" or 46"


text:
Page 380 - Gallery Design of Home Design | Sciedsol 2x3 Kilim Rug. Saniflo Toilet. Casablanca Ceiling Fans With Lights.
collection of galleries from Home Design like 2x3 Kilim Rug. Saniflo Toilet. Casablanca Ceiling Fans With Lights. and other designs you might like Sony Wega Lamp. Windmill Ceiling Fan Kit. Kohls Table Lamps. Outdoor Rv Rugs. Tabletop Jewelry Armoire. Starfish Rug. Pendant Lamp Cord.

lowercased:
page 380 - gallery design of home design | sciedsol 2x3 kilim rug. saniflo toilet. casablanca ceiling fans with lights.
collection of galleries from home design like 2x3 kilim rug. saniflo toilet. casablanca ceiling fans with lights. and other designs you might like sony wega lamp. windmill ceiling fan kit. kohls table lamps. outdoor rv rugs. tabletop jewelry armoire. starfish rug. pendant lamp cord.