text:
Hillary Clinton has called for a “sensible adult conversation”, to be held in a transparent way, about the boundaries of state surveillance highlighted by the leaking of secret NSA files by the whistleblower Edward Snowden.
In a boost to British deputy prime minister Nick Clegg, the deputy prime minister, who is planning to start conversations within government about the oversight of Britain’s intelligence agencies, the former US secretary of state said it would be wrong to shut down a debate.
Clinton, who is seen as a frontrunner for the 2016 US presidential election, said at Chatham House in London: “This is a very important question. On the intelligence issue, we are democracies thank goodness, both the US and the UK.
The conciliatory language of Clinton and Cooper contrasted with that of MI5, whose director general, Andrew Parker, warned earlier this week that the leaked documents by Snowden had provided a gift to terrorists.
The former Labour foreign secretary Jack Straw reinforced that message Friday, criticising the Guardian for publishing articles based on the leaked documents.
Clegg, who agrees with Straw that in some cases the Guardian was wrong to publish details from the NSA files, believes the leaks show the need to consider updating the legal oversight of Britain’s security services. Aides said he would be calling in experts from inside and outside Whitehall amid concerns that the leaked files show that powerful new technologies appear to have outstripped the current system of legislative and political oversight.
Vince Cable, the business secretary, confirmed the Lib Dems wanted to examine the oversight of the intelligence agencies and he praised the Guardian for performing a public service in publishing articles on the files.
He told BBC Radio 4’s Today: “I think the Guardian has done a very considerable public service. Snowden’s contribution is two-fold. One is a positive one, which is whistleblowing, and the other is more worrying, that a large amount of genuinely important intelligence material does seem to have been passed across.
Downing Street indicated that senior members of the coalition were at odds when the prime minister’s spokesman dismissed Cable’s claim that Britain arguably lacks a proper system of oversight, saying that the prime minister is satisfied with the system. But David Cameron’s spokesman added that members of the national security council, of which Clegg is a member, were entitled to question the intelligence agencies.
The agencies are overseen in three ways in Britain: they are answerable to their relevant secretary of state; accountable to parliament’s intelligence and security committee chaired by the former Tory foreign secretary Sir Malcolm Rifkind; and answerable to the intelligence commissioners.
Nick Pickles, the director of Big Brother Watch, joined forces with ten other like-minded campaigners to call on Cameron and Clegg to reform the system of oversight of the intelligence agencies. In a letter to the prime minister, deputy prime ministers and the ISC chairman the campaigners called for an independent review of the Regulation of Investigative Powers Act 2000 and the Intelligence Services Act 1994; the publication, in line with the practice in the US of legal opinions used to support surveillance methods; and to allow the Intelligence and Security Committee to report directly to Parliament rather than just to the prime minister.
In her remarks, Clinton did not comment on the UK’s oversight arrangements. But she indicated she was wholly supportive of the approach adopted by Barack Obama who – in contrast to Downing Street – has said he welcomes a debate on surveillance in the wake of the NSA leaks.
Clinton, who is considering whether to make her second challenge for the Democratic presidential nomination, added: “It would be going down a wrong path if we were to reject the importance of the debate, and the kinds of intelligence activities that genuinely keep us safe.
Cooper was careful to praise the work of the intelligence agencies. She said: “The work of the security and intelligence services is vital, and most of it by necessity must be kept secret to protect our national security and public safety. Leaks of classified information can be deeply damaging, and in the wrong hands can place our country and people’s lives in danger. But because so much information needs to be kept secret, it’s even more important that there are strong checks and balances in place, to provide effective oversight, accountability and reassurance to the public. And that’s why we are proposing reforms.
“When dealing with international terrorism or other complex and serious threats, strong powers will sometimes be needed but they should be matched by strong checks and balances to ensure power is not concentrated or abused, and to investigate when things go wrong.
As a former member of the Intelligence and Security Committee I have long called for it to have greater powers and resources to pursue searching investigations. And it also needs the credibility and independence of government in the eyes of the public, Parliament and the media that the Public Accounts Committee has.
“We should be strengthening other forms of oversight too. We are way past the time when oversight can be delivered simply by retired judges undertaking paper-based reviews and never speaking publicly about their conclusions or the work they do. The current framework of commissioners who few people have heard of simply isn’t adequate for a world of rapidly changing technology and public expectations.

lowercased:
hillary clinton has called for a “sensible adult conversation”, to be held in a transparent way, about the boundaries of state surveillance highlighted by the leaking of secret nsa files by the whistleblower edward snowden.
in a boost to british deputy prime minister nick clegg, the deputy prime minister, who is planning to start conversations within government about the oversight of britain’s intelligence agencies, the former us secretary of state said it would be wrong to shut down a debate.
clinton, who is seen as a frontrunner for the 2016 us presidential election, said at chatham house in london: “this is a very important question. on the intelligence issue, we are democracies thank goodness, both the us and the uk.
the conciliatory language of clinton and cooper contrasted with that of mi5, whose director general, andrew parker, warned earlier this week that the leaked documents by snowden had provided a gift to terrorists.
the former labour foreign secretary jack straw reinforced that message friday, criticising the guardian for publishing articles based on the leaked documents.
clegg, who agrees with straw that in some cases the guardian was wrong to publish details from the nsa files, believes the leaks show the need to consider updating the legal oversight of britain’s security services. aides said he would be calling in experts from inside and outside whitehall amid concerns that the leaked files show that powerful new technologies appear to have outstripped the current system of legislative and political oversight.
vince cable, the business secretary, confirmed the lib dems wanted to examine the oversight of the intelligence agencies and he praised the guardian for performing a public service in publishing articles on the files.
he told bbc radio 4’s today: “i think the guardian has done a very considerable public service. snowden’s contribution is two-fold. one is a positive one, which is whistleblowing, and the other is more worrying, that a large amount of genuinely important intelligence material does seem to have been passed across.
downing street indicated that senior members of the coalition were at odds when the prime minister’s spokesman dismissed cable’s claim that britain arguably lacks a proper system of oversight, saying that the prime minister is satisfied with the system. but david cameron’s spokesman added that members of the national security council, of which clegg is a member, were entitled to question the intelligence agencies.
the agencies are overseen in three ways in britain: they are answerable to their relevant secretary of state; accountable to parliament’s intelligence and security committee chaired by the former tory foreign secretary sir malcolm rifkind; and answerable to the intelligence commissioners.
nick pickles, the director of big brother watch, joined forces with ten other like-minded campaigners to call on cameron and clegg to reform the system of oversight of the intelligence agencies. in a letter to the prime minister, deputy prime ministers and the isc chairman the campaigners called for an independent review of the regulation of investigative powers act 2000 and the intelligence services act 1994; the publication, in line with the practice in the us of legal opinions used to support surveillance methods; and to allow the intelligence and security committee to report directly to parliament rather than just to the prime minister.
in her remarks, clinton did not comment on the uk’s oversight arrangements. but she indicated she was wholly supportive of the approach adopted by barack obama who – in contrast to downing street – has said he welcomes a debate on surveillance in the wake of the nsa leaks.
clinton, who is considering whether to make her second challenge for the democratic presidential nomination, added: “it would be going down a wrong path if we were to reject the importance of the debate, and the kinds of intelligence activities that genuinely keep us safe.
cooper was careful to praise the work of the intelligence agencies. she said: “the work of the security and intelligence services is vital, and most of it by necessity must be kept secret to protect our national security and public safety. leaks of classified information can be deeply damaging, and in the wrong hands can place our country and people’s lives in danger. but because so much information needs to be kept secret, it’s even more important that there are strong checks and balances in place, to provide effective oversight, accountability and reassurance to the public. and that’s why we are proposing reforms.
“when dealing with international terrorism or other complex and serious threats, strong powers will sometimes be needed but they should be matched by strong checks and balances to ensure power is not concentrated or abused, and to investigate when things go wrong.
as a former member of the intelligence and security committee i have long called for it to have greater powers and resources to pursue searching investigations. and it also needs the credibility and independence of government in the eyes of the public, parliament and the media that the public accounts committee has.
“we should be strengthening other forms of oversight too. we are way past the time when oversight can be delivered simply by retired judges undertaking paper-based reviews and never speaking publicly about their conclusions or the work they do. the current framework of commissioners who few people have heard of simply isn’t adequate for a world of rapidly changing technology and public expectations.


text:
In the times we live in, it’s a fact that a lot of people download music and movies from the web through P2P or BitTorrent. The music and movie industries naturally see this as a threat and try to stifle it, but it seems these attempts are in vain.
The idea is that companies, artists, actors and others should get paid for what they do, which is a fair assumption. The problem, though, is that the industry is stuck in old distributional chains where they had a lot more control. With the advent of Internet, however, things are bound to run out of control. My belief is that no matter how hard they try to legislate and to hunt people who fileshare down, the phenomenon will continue to exist, and also grow stronger in its rebelliousness against the “higher power”.
The basic, let’s be outright honest about this, crap is that companies lose so-and-so much money on people who have seen, for instance, a movie by downloading it instead of going to the cinema. Just because someone has watched a movie illegally doesn’t mean that they otherwise would have paid to see it. Most people watch movies in a casual manner, and instead of having some kind of fake hopes that this would have been money in the bank for the company, just see the enormous marketing benefit of this!
If they like the movie, they will tell their friends and recommend it. Their friends, in turn, might watch it in the cinema or buy the DVD; they might also just download it. Either way, if they like it, they will spread the word, and so on. Never underestimate viral marketing!
Is what I want available when I want it? If not, how can I get it?
That’s the core mindset of the audience, so it’s time to listen to them. People love using the Internet for accessing their favorite music and movies, but the services today aren’t well-developed enough and/or are so ridiculously overpriced that, as an example, a movie download will cost the same as buying the DVD in a store, but without the packaging and actual DVD record. What makes you think people would pay the same money for less value? Really?
DRM is a joke. Really. Whenever a legally bought product, in any way, becomes harder to use than something that can be downloaded “for free”, why would people pay? Throw away all your demands for restrictions, because they simply won’t work. Let people share a movie or a song as many times as they want, through whatever medium they want.
Forget about proprietary solutions that limit the user to a certain computer platform or digital music (e.g. MP3) player. If, for any reason, the distribution channel forces the end user to use a product from a certain provider, you’ve lost. There will always be cracks, hacks and workarounds, so you have to live with it. Tough, but that’s the reality; never think you can outsmart such a vast community of people who are very technically skilled. DRM of any kind is the road to failure.
Some people will never pay, and that’s the way it is. A witch hunt will never make a difference, since their main goal is to get something for free, not the actual experience of what they’re getting. However, I sincerely believe that a majority people want to go the legal route and pay for what they watch/listen to. Anyone, who is, say, 25+ of age, have grown up in a world where you actually had to buy what you wanted, in terms of records and movies. Kids who are teenagers now, and the coming generations, learn to download things from the Internet before they learn to pay. And they are really the gist of the problem.
If such a habit becomes a de facto standard for accessing any entertainment material, we will have to face a downward spiral with less and less income for companies producing music and movies. And then, at the end of the day, less quality content will be produced and distribution companies will go for the quick profit. Everyone loses.
Whenever a music record, or, more importantly, a movie is released/having its premiere, people want it. Immediately! The buzz is right then, and as with all hypes, you have to let it work for you instead of against. Instead of fighting vigorously to quench it, music and movie companies have to start providing what people want. My humble take is that, if not already, the situation is on its way overboard. Listen to opinions, and try to meet the mass market’s need and desires, to able to outcompete illegal file sharing.
In the area of TV shows and movies, people don’t want to wait for it to come to their country, or to wait another week for the next episode of their favorite series. We live in a on-demand world and if the audience wants to watch several episodes in a row, let them have it (given that it’s already produced, of course).
When a movie (or TV show) premiers, make it instantly available as a download to all the world.
Make it available in a format so attractive that searching through P2P and/or BitTorrent sites for a good quality copy is a waste of time.
Reasonable pricing: maybe $0.50 for a song and $5 for a movie.
Alternatively, offer free ad-sponsored solutions, which will be a good complement to buying.
No DRM or any other lock-ins. Seriously.
General availability. Everything that’s accessible through any other channel has to be available through the Internet as well.
Some TV companies in the US made their TV shows available, ad-sponsored, online the day after they were shown on TV, which is, in general, a great idea. The problem with this, though (except for the fact that they haven’t been able to watch as the exact same time as the program), is, again, availability. Sure, US citizen could watch it, but what about the rest of the world? Sure, I understand the problematic situation that they can’t make it available to all the world simultaneously, while also trying to sell it to international networks. But this is most likely something that has to be changed to be able to cater to the whole world at once.
So, the only good example I’ve seen so far of thinking in the right terms is Joost. It is ad-supported but otherwise completely free for the end user, who can choose to watch whatever he/she wants no matter the time (I’ve been beta-testing Joost for a while now, and will write a review about it in the future; stay tuned). However, Joost doesn’t yet offer movies so there’s a wide open field there to target.
And I think this solution is one of the ways there are to go: offer good content as easily available as possible, with a different financing plan than current alternatives have.
Anyone, who is, say, 25+ of age, have grown up in a world where you actually had to buy what you wanted, in terms of records and movies.
I'm not sure if I agree on this. Of course, I'm not 25+ of age, but my father told me stories about taping CDs or radio shows on cassette, and while this is of course not comparable to today's quantity of illegally copying/reproducing media, it's basically the same thing and in that particular time frame just as illegal.
You should also mention libraries that offer books, CDs, tapes and DVDs.
Taping things on cassette and videotape caused a huge uproar at the time, comparable to the uproar burnable CDs caused when they appeared, and mp3 and other formats now.
The solution was to add a royalty tax to the devices in the case of cassette and video recorders; the movie and recording industries weren't totally satisfied with the solution, but it struck a balance.
Canada made a similar move with mass storage devices which all carry a tax paid to the industry under the assumption that everyone is at least part pirate. I don't entirely agree with the premise (everyone is guilty, tax them all) but it might be the only solution.
For a similar view, take a look at Baen Free Library.
<blockquote cite="http://www.baen.com/library/home.htm">Any cure which relies on tighter regulation of the market Ã¢â‚¬â€ especially the kind of extreme measures being advocated by some people Ã¢â‚¬â€ is far worse than the disease. As a widespread phenomenon rather than a nuisance, piracy occurs when artificial restrictions in the market jack up prices beyond what people think are reasonable. The "regulation-enforcement-more regulation" strategy is a bottomless pit which continually recreates (on a larger scale) the problem it supposedly solves. And that commercial effect is often compounded by the more general damage done to social and political freedom.
I am a Canadian but that doesn't really mean I know anything more about the tax on CD/DVD-R than anyone else here. However, the tax must be small because, on sale this week, you can get a stack of 100 Fujitsu DVD-R discs for $25. I can't imagine that the tax would really be enough to cover the lost royalties on the 100 movies you could record to these discs.
Secondly, I agree with all of Robert's comments with the minor exception of his assessment of a downloading fee of $5/movie. Given that rental shops charge just slightly more than that (albeit for a short-term rental and with a significant delay in availability), I think that closer to $3/movie would be the price point that buyers would be attracted to downloading.
I am a Canadian but that doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t really mean I know anything more about the tax on CD/DVD-R than anyone else here. However, the tax must be small because, on sale this week, you can get a stack of 100 Fujitsu DVD-R discs for $25. I canÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t imagine that the tax would really be enough to cover the lost royalties on the 100 movies you could record to these discs.
$0.29 : audio cassette over 40min long.
66% of the levy is paid to the SOCAN, CMRRA, and SODRAC, 19.9% to NRCC for 'performers', and 15.1% to NRCC for 'makers'.
The current levy schedule is pretty close to that.
'memory card' applies to SD, MM, and MemoryStick cards. Other formats are covered in some legalese document elsewhere.
The costs are more or less covered since the *vast* majority of disc and memorycards sold are not used to store pirated movies/songs, they're used for more mundane purposes.
Well, as I see it, seeding a TV series should be generally accepted. The reasoning behind this is that the companies producing them doesn't really lose any (larger sums of) money. This because of the TV series being public as they are broadcasted on TV already and that people gladly pay their TV license anyway. So basicly it's a choise of weither wait for it to broadcast on TV or being able to see it whenever it suits you. I'd choose the latter in most cases.
I was just wondering.. if you could download movies for $5 or $3 and songs for cheap.. that still wouldn't stop the buyer from adding their movies to a P2P network.. perhaps even unaware they did.
Of course there's always going to be piracy, but I do like the idea of better quality movies or what have you for a cheap price. Maybe they could even burn the name or id of the buyer within the movie itself, to deter people from sharing (if you get what I mean).
You're right though Robert, I would gladly pay if it wasn't so expensive. I even find .99 cents ridiculous for an MP3 file. .50 sounds so much better, or even cheaper. Just like Hockey in Canada, it took them forever to realize nobody was physically going to the games anymore because the prices were ridiculous. Sometimes it's better to lower your prices, to increase sales (simple philosophy).
Now.. if the cell companies would wake up and realize $2.50 for a ringtone is out to lunch!
Thanks, Robert. I think the current mentality is costing the industry far more money than copying. They need to mass deliver and take advantage of economies of scale. They need to think beyond the United States. Living in Vancouver, Canada, I can't understand the current limitations (and I realize there are greater laws that might affect delivery – such as language rights, etc). With that said, the mentality is so wrong. If I want to, I should be able to buy now – don't turn me away. Both the industry and governments need to realize the importance of this. I own a TiVo, but they wouldn't ship it to Canada, so I had it sent to the US. Now, I want to take advantage of Amazon Unbox and download a tv show I missed (yes, even with TiVo 😀 ), but I'm not allowed, because I am not in the US (which if I was I could also do for free by simpy visiting the producers website). So, I can't do it for free, and I can't even pay them to do it????
Can someone tell me where the US ranks in population growth for the target demographic? Can you also tell me how many people live outside the US that fit the target (both in age and disposable income)?
I believe that cost is the first issue. High prices make it more tempting to download than to buy. Lower prices and make your profit on volume.
Take a page from tele-marketers and offer something "extra" for those who buy. When you buy an exercise machine because of an info-mercial they always give you something extra as an incentive to buy, like a cookbook. Add something that you can't download in the packaging to make it worthwhile to buy.
Finally, work on a campaign to change attitudes about stealing, and it is stealing no matter how it's rationalized. The golden rule; "do unto others as you would have them do to you", "honesty is the best policy", "if you were the owner/song writer/band/movie producer… would you want this to happen to you?". I'm sure you can think of more. If you don't want to sponsor the message in advertisements, sponsor the message in movie and TV scripts.
My experience is that I buy more cd's now that it's easier to download and listen to them first. Of course, I won't buy all. But I do buy the good ones. CD's I otherwise never would have bought. Heck, from artists I've never heard about before I stumbled upon them in some download.
About DRM: I'm just not going to buy a (quite expensive anyway) DVD if I can't be certain it will play in my DVD player, car-dvd-player, notebook player or a player at my friend's house.
Or if I can't make a backup copy. Don't know about the cities you live in, but were I live it's not a good idea to leave original CD/DVDs in your car (even hidden in the trunk).
Thanks for your comments. And well, yes, there was a huge uproar about video, cassettes etc at the time, but it worked out fine, and the business didn't go down in flames, They just had to adapt, and now it is time, and it's more importantly than ever!
Sweden also has a price added-on to cassettes, CDs, DVDs etc to try to cover up for pirated versions. But seriously, how fair and modern is that approach? How many people who download music and/or movies will burn it on a CD/DVD?
Music will be transferred right to the MP3 player and movies will be saved on a computer's hard drive, or a hard-drive media center at home.
I disagree very much with comparing unauthorized copying to stealing. After all there is one very important difference – theft concerns physical objects.
A copyright owner does not lose his work when it is copied. A copyright owner can still sell his work, if someone has copied it. In fact, the copyright owner may in some cases have suffered no loss at all even if his work is copied.
This is quite contrary to theft where the rightful owner does lose his property, is unable to sell it, and suffers a very tangible loss.
This does not mean that I condone unauthorized copying of music, movies or software. Quite the contrary. But please don't use the corporate Newspeak.
I don't down load music I like to blog to much for that ,it would take me away from blogging . I think people want more instant gradification and a lot of people well not get paid as much money in certain proffesions as they use to get paid . This is a transition period and new rules well be made . I really don't know how things well work out in the future but God takes care of the future God always takes care of the future .
I am a downloader and have been since newsgroups were the start of everything. I believe I should have the right to test products whether that be music, software, movies or what have you. If I like it I buy it. Why would I want to buy something like software knowing that in two months there will be another version bigger and better. Maybe renting software would be the answer who knows. I believe in FTA as well even though I still pay for regular sattelite on top of it. We get priced to death on everything and we are sick of it. Cheers to the downloaders as I will always get what I can for free and only pay for the stuff that's worth it.
I know, being in Australia, that a lot of people download stuff illegally because we have to wait MONTHS after things are released in the US to get it. Personally, I don’t download them, simply because I do not know how. For example, Gossip Girl is not on TV here, and we only just had season 4 released. And with Psych, we only have season 3 released on DVD, and they are airing season 6 in America! Fair enough if we have to wait maybe a week or so, but seriously, so many people would stop doing it if we got it faster.

lowercased:
in the times we live in, it’s a fact that a lot of people download music and movies from the web through p2p or bittorrent. the music and movie industries naturally see this as a threat and try to stifle it, but it seems these attempts are in vain.
the idea is that companies, artists, actors and others should get paid for what they do, which is a fair assumption. the problem, though, is that the industry is stuck in old distributional chains where they had a lot more control. with the advent of internet, however, things are bound to run out of control. my belief is that no matter how hard they try to legislate and to hunt people who fileshare down, the phenomenon will continue to exist, and also grow stronger in its rebelliousness against the “higher power”.
the basic, let’s be outright honest about this, crap is that companies lose so-and-so much money on people who have seen, for instance, a movie by downloading it instead of going to the cinema. just because someone has watched a movie illegally doesn’t mean that they otherwise would have paid to see it. most people watch movies in a casual manner, and instead of having some kind of fake hopes that this would have been money in the bank for the company, just see the enormous marketing benefit of this!
if they like the movie, they will tell their friends and recommend it. their friends, in turn, might watch it in the cinema or buy the dvd; they might also just download it. either way, if they like it, they will spread the word, and so on. never underestimate viral marketing!
is what i want available when i want it? if not, how can i get it?
that’s the core mindset of the audience, so it’s time to listen to them. people love using the internet for accessing their favorite music and movies, but the services today aren’t well-developed enough and/or are so ridiculously overpriced that, as an example, a movie download will cost the same as buying the dvd in a store, but without the packaging and actual dvd record. what makes you think people would pay the same money for less value? really?
drm is a joke. really. whenever a legally bought product, in any way, becomes harder to use than something that can be downloaded “for free”, why would people pay? throw away all your demands for restrictions, because they simply won’t work. let people share a movie or a song as many times as they want, through whatever medium they want.
forget about proprietary solutions that limit the user to a certain computer platform or digital music (e.g. mp3) player. if, for any reason, the distribution channel forces the end user to use a product from a certain provider, you’ve lost. there will always be cracks, hacks and workarounds, so you have to live with it. tough, but that’s the reality; never think you can outsmart such a vast community of people who are very technically skilled. drm of any kind is the road to failure.
some people will never pay, and that’s the way it is. a witch hunt will never make a difference, since their main goal is to get something for free, not the actual experience of what they’re getting. however, i sincerely believe that a majority people want to go the legal route and pay for what they watch/listen to. anyone, who is, say, 25+ of age, have grown up in a world where you actually had to buy what you wanted, in terms of records and movies. kids who are teenagers now, and the coming generations, learn to download things from the internet before they learn to pay. and they are really the gist of the problem.
if such a habit becomes a de facto standard for accessing any entertainment material, we will have to face a downward spiral with less and less income for companies producing music and movies. and then, at the end of the day, less quality content will be produced and distribution companies will go for the quick profit. everyone loses.
whenever a music record, or, more importantly, a movie is released/having its premiere, people want it. immediately! the buzz is right then, and as with all hypes, you have to let it work for you instead of against. instead of fighting vigorously to quench it, music and movie companies have to start providing what people want. my humble take is that, if not already, the situation is on its way overboard. listen to opinions, and try to meet the mass market’s need and desires, to able to outcompete illegal file sharing.
in the area of tv shows and movies, people don’t want to wait for it to come to their country, or to wait another week for the next episode of their favorite series. we live in a on-demand world and if the audience wants to watch several episodes in a row, let them have it (given that it’s already produced, of course).
when a movie (or tv show) premiers, make it instantly available as a download to all the world.
make it available in a format so attractive that searching through p2p and/or bittorrent sites for a good quality copy is a waste of time.
reasonable pricing: maybe $0.50 for a song and $5 for a movie.
alternatively, offer free ad-sponsored solutions, which will be a good complement to buying.
no drm or any other lock-ins. seriously.
general availability. everything that’s accessible through any other channel has to be available through the internet as well.
some tv companies in the us made their tv shows available, ad-sponsored, online the day after they were shown on tv, which is, in general, a great idea. the problem with this, though (except for the fact that they haven’t been able to watch as the exact same time as the program), is, again, availability. sure, us citizen could watch it, but what about the rest of the world? sure, i understand the problematic situation that they can’t make it available to all the world simultaneously, while also trying to sell it to international networks. but this is most likely something that has to be changed to be able to cater to the whole world at once.
so, the only good example i’ve seen so far of thinking in the right terms is joost. it is ad-supported but otherwise completely free for the end user, who can choose to watch whatever he/she wants no matter the time (i’ve been beta-testing joost for a while now, and will write a review about it in the future; stay tuned). however, joost doesn’t yet offer movies so there’s a wide open field there to target.
and i think this solution is one of the ways there are to go: offer good content as easily available as possible, with a different financing plan than current alternatives have.
anyone, who is, say, 25+ of age, have grown up in a world where you actually had to buy what you wanted, in terms of records and movies.
i'm not sure if i agree on this. of course, i'm not 25+ of age, but my father told me stories about taping cds or radio shows on cassette, and while this is of course not comparable to today's quantity of illegally copying/reproducing media, it's basically the same thing and in that particular time frame just as illegal.
you should also mention libraries that offer books, cds, tapes and dvds.
taping things on cassette and videotape caused a huge uproar at the time, comparable to the uproar burnable cds caused when they appeared, and mp3 and other formats now.
the solution was to add a royalty tax to the devices in the case of cassette and video recorders; the movie and recording industries weren't totally satisfied with the solution, but it struck a balance.
canada made a similar move with mass storage devices which all carry a tax paid to the industry under the assumption that everyone is at least part pirate. i don't entirely agree with the premise (everyone is guilty, tax them all) but it might be the only solution.
for a similar view, take a look at baen free library.
<blockquote cite="http://www.baen.com/library/home.htm">any cure which relies on tighter regulation of the market ã¢â‚¬â€ especially the kind of extreme measures being advocated by some people ã¢â‚¬â€ is far worse than the disease. as a widespread phenomenon rather than a nuisance, piracy occurs when artificial restrictions in the market jack up prices beyond what people think are reasonable. the "regulation-enforcement-more regulation" strategy is a bottomless pit which continually recreates (on a larger scale) the problem it supposedly solves. and that commercial effect is often compounded by the more general damage done to social and political freedom.
i am a canadian but that doesn't really mean i know anything more about the tax on cd/dvd-r than anyone else here. however, the tax must be small because, on sale this week, you can get a stack of 100 fujitsu dvd-r discs for $25. i can't imagine that the tax would really be enough to cover the lost royalties on the 100 movies you could record to these discs.
secondly, i agree with all of robert's comments with the minor exception of his assessment of a downloading fee of $5/movie. given that rental shops charge just slightly more than that (albeit for a short-term rental and with a significant delay in availability), i think that closer to $3/movie would be the price point that buyers would be attracted to downloading.
i am a canadian but that doesnã¢â‚¬â„¢t really mean i know anything more about the tax on cd/dvd-r than anyone else here. however, the tax must be small because, on sale this week, you can get a stack of 100 fujitsu dvd-r discs for $25. i canã¢â‚¬â„¢t imagine that the tax would really be enough to cover the lost royalties on the 100 movies you could record to these discs.
$0.29 : audio cassette over 40min long.
66% of the levy is paid to the socan, cmrra, and sodrac, 19.9% to nrcc for 'performers', and 15.1% to nrcc for 'makers'.
the current levy schedule is pretty close to that.
'memory card' applies to sd, mm, and memorystick cards. other formats are covered in some legalese document elsewhere.
the costs are more or less covered since the *vast* majority of disc and memorycards sold are not used to store pirated movies/songs, they're used for more mundane purposes.
well, as i see it, seeding a tv series should be generally accepted. the reasoning behind this is that the companies producing them doesn't really lose any (larger sums of) money. this because of the tv series being public as they are broadcasted on tv already and that people gladly pay their tv license anyway. so basicly it's a choise of weither wait for it to broadcast on tv or being able to see it whenever it suits you. i'd choose the latter in most cases.
i was just wondering.. if you could download movies for $5 or $3 and songs for cheap.. that still wouldn't stop the buyer from adding their movies to a p2p network.. perhaps even unaware they did.
of course there's always going to be piracy, but i do like the idea of better quality movies or what have you for a cheap price. maybe they could even burn the name or id of the buyer within the movie itself, to deter people from sharing (if you get what i mean).
you're right though robert, i would gladly pay if it wasn't so expensive. i even find .99 cents ridiculous for an mp3 file. .50 sounds so much better, or even cheaper. just like hockey in canada, it took them forever to realize nobody was physically going to the games anymore because the prices were ridiculous. sometimes it's better to lower your prices, to increase sales (simple philosophy).
now.. if the cell companies would wake up and realize $2.50 for a ringtone is out to lunch!
thanks, robert. i think the current mentality is costing the industry far more money than copying. they need to mass deliver and take advantage of economies of scale. they need to think beyond the united states. living in vancouver, canada, i can't understand the current limitations (and i realize there are greater laws that might affect delivery – such as language rights, etc). with that said, the mentality is so wrong. if i want to, i should be able to buy now – don't turn me away. both the industry and governments need to realize the importance of this. i own a tivo, but they wouldn't ship it to canada, so i had it sent to the us. now, i want to take advantage of amazon unbox and download a tv show i missed (yes, even with tivo 😀 ), but i'm not allowed, because i am not in the us (which if i was i could also do for free by simpy visiting the producers website). so, i can't do it for free, and i can't even pay them to do it????
can someone tell me where the us ranks in population growth for the target demographic? can you also tell me how many people live outside the us that fit the target (both in age and disposable income)?
i believe that cost is the first issue. high prices make it more tempting to download than to buy. lower prices and make your profit on volume.
take a page from tele-marketers and offer something "extra" for those who buy. when you buy an exercise machine because of an info-mercial they always give you something extra as an incentive to buy, like a cookbook. add something that you can't download in the packaging to make it worthwhile to buy.
finally, work on a campaign to change attitudes about stealing, and it is stealing no matter how it's rationalized. the golden rule; "do unto others as you would have them do to you", "honesty is the best policy", "if you were the owner/song writer/band/movie producer… would you want this to happen to you?". i'm sure you can think of more. if you don't want to sponsor the message in advertisements, sponsor the message in movie and tv scripts.
my experience is that i buy more cd's now that it's easier to download and listen to them first. of course, i won't buy all. but i do buy the good ones. cd's i otherwise never would have bought. heck, from artists i've never heard about before i stumbled upon them in some download.
about drm: i'm just not going to buy a (quite expensive anyway) dvd if i can't be certain it will play in my dvd player, car-dvd-player, notebook player or a player at my friend's house.
or if i can't make a backup copy. don't know about the cities you live in, but were i live it's not a good idea to leave original cd/dvds in your car (even hidden in the trunk).
thanks for your comments. and well, yes, there was a huge uproar about video, cassettes etc at the time, but it worked out fine, and the business didn't go down in flames, they just had to adapt, and now it is time, and it's more importantly than ever!
sweden also has a price added-on to cassettes, cds, dvds etc to try to cover up for pirated versions. but seriously, how fair and modern is that approach? how many people who download music and/or movies will burn it on a cd/dvd?
music will be transferred right to the mp3 player and movies will be saved on a computer's hard drive, or a hard-drive media center at home.
i disagree very much with comparing unauthorized copying to stealing. after all there is one very important difference – theft concerns physical objects.
a copyright owner does not lose his work when it is copied. a copyright owner can still sell his work, if someone has copied it. in fact, the copyright owner may in some cases have suffered no loss at all even if his work is copied.
this is quite contrary to theft where the rightful owner does lose his property, is unable to sell it, and suffers a very tangible loss.
this does not mean that i condone unauthorized copying of music, movies or software. quite the contrary. but please don't use the corporate newspeak.
i don't down load music i like to blog to much for that ,it would take me away from blogging . i think people want more instant gradification and a lot of people well not get paid as much money in certain proffesions as they use to get paid . this is a transition period and new rules well be made . i really don't know how things well work out in the future but god takes care of the future god always takes care of the future .
i am a downloader and have been since newsgroups were the start of everything. i believe i should have the right to test products whether that be music, software, movies or what have you. if i like it i buy it. why would i want to buy something like software knowing that in two months there will be another version bigger and better. maybe renting software would be the answer who knows. i believe in fta as well even though i still pay for regular sattelite on top of it. we get priced to death on everything and we are sick of it. cheers to the downloaders as i will always get what i can for free and only pay for the stuff that's worth it.
i know, being in australia, that a lot of people download stuff illegally because we have to wait months after things are released in the us to get it. personally, i don’t download them, simply because i do not know how. for example, gossip girl is not on tv here, and we only just had season 4 released. and with psych, we only have season 3 released on dvd, and they are airing season 6 in america! fair enough if we have to wait maybe a week or so, but seriously, so many people would stop doing it if we got it faster.


text:
business lines, low rate data service, low security, high-cost equipment, etc.
it can be also called narrow-band digital wireless communication systems.
the frequency 900 or 1800 MHz.
adopting more transmit and receive antennas.
the time of downloading a high definition movie may be less than 1 s.
Fig. 1.1 The baseband equivalent block diagram of wireless communication systems.
transportation (less than 1 ms delay).
spectral efficiency and the reducing of energy consumption and cost.
book mainly introduces one of novel multicarrier modulations.
multicarrier modulations and specifies their advantages and disadvantages.
the characteristic of wireless channels.
sky. The signal strength is weak generally.
Fig. 1.2 Typical propagations of electromagnetic waves in wireless communications.
Fig. 1.3 Large-scale fading and small-scale fading.
characteristics vary over different spaces, frequencies, and times.
wave is short, the shadow area is visible.
are longer, the powers of received signals at the base station are weaker.
Furthermore, the use of nonlinear devices exacerbates the phenomenon.
attracted increasing attention, especially OFDM.
scenarios, which will be discussed in detail as follows.
α(hm ) = [1.1 lg fc ]hm − [1.56 lg fc − 0.8].
K0 = 2[lg fc /28]2 − 5.4.
K0 = 4.78[lg fc ]2 − 18.33 lg fc − 40.98.
categories (i.e., single-carrier modulations and multicarrier modulations).
systems, especially for paroxysmal point-to-point communication systems.
single-tap equalizer can be employed for channel equalization .
Fig. 1.4 System block of SC-FDMA.
Fig. 1.5 System block of OFDM.
devices, OFDM was not put into commercial application until 1980s.
downlink in the LTE standard [7, 8].
can be employed with the help of CP, which results in a low-cost receiver.
(ICI), resulting in the performance degradation.
and equalization are very important issues in wireless communications.
to support typical applications in massive-connection and tactile Internet.
difficult to meet the requirement of tactile Internet with low latency.
many subbands, thus FBMC systems are robust to multipath fading channels.
techniques in future wireless communication systems.
quadrature amplitude modulation-based FBMC (OQAM/FBMC) [11, 12].
structure of an FMT/FBMC multicarrier system.
at the transmission rate of M/T by adding the signals on all K subcarriers.
K), the filter bank is said to be critically (noncritically) sampled.
Fig. 1.6 The equivalent baseband diagram of an FMT/FBMC system.
between subcarriers guarantees the received symbols free of ISI and ICI.
baseband diagram of an OQAM/FBMC system is shown in Fig. 1.7.
index k and time index m, and T/2 is the interval of real-valued symbols.
Fig. 1.7 The equivalent baseband diagram of an OQAM/FBMC system.
Fig. 1.8 The equivalent baseband diagram of a CMT/FBMC system.
PAM symbols to VSB signals and modulate them to various frequency bands.
FBMC. (B) OQAM/FBMC. (C) CMT/FBMC.
CMT/FBMC in terms of the data rate and utilization efficiency of bandwith.
Therefore, we mainly focus on OQAM/FBMC in the rest of this book.
|ν| ≥ (1 + r) F20 .
where ϕ2i (t) is the ith prolate spheroidal wave function and ε2i is realvalued coefficient obtained thanks to an optimization procedure .
3. The family of functions called extended Gaussian functions (EGFs).
Gα̂ (t) = (2α̂)1/4 e−π α̂t .
very close to the achievable optimum bound in time-frequency localization.
operations of truncation and discretization.
in OFDM systems cannot be used in OQAM/FBMC systems directly.
systems, frequency domain channel estimation methods are very simple and single-tap equalizers can be employed for channel equalization.
equalization need more investigations in OQAM/FBMC systems.
a low complexity still requires more efforts in future.
Fig. 1.10 System block of CP-OQAM/FBMC systems.
greatly, but it still suffers difficulty for the combination with MIMO.
condition, frequency spectrum, and time-frequency synchronization.
compared with rectangular windows, which is why OQAM/FBMC systems have lower spectral sidelobes than the conventional OFDM systems.
Fig. 1.11 Frequency spectrum comparison between OQAM/FBMC and OFDM.
synchronizations are the eternal topic for wireless communications.
FBMC systems, where several PAPR reduction methods are introduced.
applications of OQAM/FBMC are introduced in Chapter 10.
 Myung HG, Junsung J, Goodman D. Single carrier FDMA for uplink wireless transmission. IEEE Veh Technol Mag 2007;1(3):30–8.
(DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receiver; 2001.
and PHY specifications: high speed physical layer in the 5 GHz band; 1999.
(20+Mbps) extensions in the 24 GHz band; 2003.
 Cherubini G, Eleftheriou E, Ölçer S. Filtered multitone modulation for very highspeed digital subscriber lines. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 2002;20(5):1016–28.
on filterbank theory. IEEE Trans Signal Process 2002;50(5):1170–83.
 Fettweis G, Krondorf M, Bittner S. GFDM—generalized frequency division multiplexing. In: IEEE vehicular technology conference (VTC); 2009.
 Chang RW. Synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multichannel data transmission. Bell Syst Techn J 1966;1775–96.
 Siohan P, Roche C. Cosine-modulated filterbanks based on extended Gaussian function. IEEE Trans Signal Process 2000;48(11):3052–61.
 Du J, Signell S. Novel preamble-based channel estimation for OFDM/OQAM systems.
In: IEEE international conference on communication; 2009.
QAM system. J Netw 2009;4(10):963–72.
channel estimation in OFDM/OQAM systems. In: European signal processing conference; 2011.
 Kofidis E, Katselis D, Rontogiannis A, Theodoridi S. Preamble-based channel estimation in OFDM/OQAM systems: a review. Signal Process 2013;93(7):2038–54.
algorithms and performance bounds. IEEE Trans Signal Process 2014;63(2):322–30.
segmental PTS scheme with low complexity. IEEE Trans Broadcast 2014;60(1):141–7.
channels in MIMO FBMC systems. IEEE Trans Signal Process 2012;60(12):6519–32.
International symposium on wireless communication systems (ISWCS); 2013.
application to single-carrier FDMA. IEEE Trans Commun 2011;59(5):1467–80.
physical layer of future wireless communications systems .
channel equalization, CP is employed in the OQAM/FBMC communication system in Section 2.3. The summary is made in Section 2.4.
are staggered in time domain by T/2, where T is the symbol period.
frequency (RF) band and transmitted.
Fig. 2.1 OQAM/FBMC communication system model.
the output symbols at the receiver equal the input symbols at the transmitter.
x̂k (m) = xk (m).
Fig. 2.2 OQAM/FBMC communication system model with real input symbols.
summation interval of m in Eq. (2.12) is actually 2n/K−α ≤ m ≤ 2n/K+α.
where h(t) is the continuous-time version of h(n).
transform/fast Fourier transform (IFFT/FFT) structure.
where mod(·) denotes modules operation.
Elk = KDlk ej 2 (k(2l+1)+ mod (l,2)) .
Fig. 2.3 Signal length of OQAM/FBMC systems.
corresponding implementation structure is shown in Fig. 2.4.
e−jk( K + 2 ) .
(M + L − 12 )K + 1 ≤ n ≤ (α + L)K − 1.
Fig. 2.4 IFFT-based implementation of the transmitter in OQAM/FBMC systems.
Fig. 2.5 FFT-based implementation of the receiver in OQAM/FBMC systems.
Let n = mK + i, where m = 0, 1, . . . , α + L − 1, i = 0, 1, . . . , K − 1.
b(mK + i)e K .
than the channel delay spread.
which will be used later for a compact vector-matrix representation.
prior to the block before transmission, and it is required that Ng ≥ Lg − 1.
Ng ≤ n ≤ Nc + Ng − 1.
0 ≤ n ≤ Nc − 1.
(−j)k e−jπm(k+0.5) hk (((mK/2 − n))Nc )r(n).
Fig. 2.6 Cyclic prefix in CP-OQAM/FBMC systems.
are essential to recover the transmitted symbols perfectly.
This chapter introduced the fundamentals of OQAM/FBMC systems.
the length of CP is larger than the channel delay spread.
5G and beyond. In: Advances in electrical engineering; 2014.
Advances in Gabor Analysis; 2003, p. 321–52.
 Kong D, Xia XG, Jiang T, Gao X. Channel estimation in CP-OQAM-OFDM systems.
IEEE Trans Signal Process 2014;62(21):5775–86.
and synchronicity. In: IEEE in vehicular technology conference, Dresden; 2013.
transmitted signal of each data block is not related to the filter length.
insertion. This question will be investigated in this chapter.
the PSD of the CP-OQAM/FBMC may be affected by the truncation.
communication systems with an increase of the data rate overhead.
Section 3.4. Finally, a summary is made in Section 3.5.
FBMC block is inserted, which, for convenience, is called direct CPOQAM/FBMC (DCP-OQAM/FBMC).
m = 0, 1, . . . , 2Nd − 1.
means that the total length of the transmitted signal of Nb blocks is Nb KNd .
Fig. 3.1 The relationship between h(n) and hc (n).
increase, even can reduce after grouping input data symbols.
Tcp ≤ t < TNd + Tcp .
version of Eq. (2.20) in terms of Type 1 polyphase decomposition of hc (n).
n = 0, 1, . . . , KNd + αK − K/2.
of the CP-OQAM/FBMC communication system.
n = KNd − 2 , KNd − 2 + 1, . . . , KNd − 1.
dk,l (m − 2Nd ), m = 2Nd , 2Nd + 1, . . . , 2Nd + α − 1.
n = 0, 1, . . . , KNd − 1.
c (m) of d (m).
the OQAM/FBMC communication system is illustrated in Fig. 3.2.
0 ≤ t < TNd + Tcp .
inserting CP and CS to the discrete-time input data symbols dk,l (m).
PSD of the transmitted DCP-OQAM/FBMC signal.
signal is a truncated version of the transmitted OQAM/FBMC signal.
and described in detail in the following section.
Fig. 3.3 An example of the ECP-OQAM/FBMC transmitter.
where Nb = 2, Nd = 4, α = 2, and Tcp = T/4.
dk,0 (5), dk,0 (6), dk,0 (7), dk,0 (0), dk,0 (1) to an OQAM/FBMC transmitter.
from Tcp = T/4 to 2Tcp /TT/2 = T/2.
the neighboring block 0, dk,0 (m), from the left side.
2Tcp /TT/2 ≥ Tcp .
is expected to be nearly as good as the transmitted OQAM/FBMC signal.
CS can be simply deleted and the remaining part is the same as that in the CPOQAM/FBMC communication system after deleting its CP at the receiver.
E sk (t)s*k (t − τ ) .
= E sk (t)s*k (t − τ ) δ(k − k ).

lowercased:
business lines, low rate data service, low security, high-cost equipment, etc.
it can be also called narrow-band digital wireless communication systems.
the frequency 900 or 1800 mhz.
adopting more transmit and receive antennas.
the time of downloading a high definition movie may be less than 1 s.
fig. 1.1 the baseband equivalent block diagram of wireless communication systems.
transportation (less than 1 ms delay).
spectral efficiency and the reducing of energy consumption and cost.
book mainly introduces one of novel multicarrier modulations.
multicarrier modulations and specifies their advantages and disadvantages.
the characteristic of wireless channels.
sky. the signal strength is weak generally.
fig. 1.2 typical propagations of electromagnetic waves in wireless communications.
fig. 1.3 large-scale fading and small-scale fading.
characteristics vary over different spaces, frequencies, and times.
wave is short, the shadow area is visible.
are longer, the powers of received signals at the base station are weaker.
furthermore, the use of nonlinear devices exacerbates the phenomenon.
attracted increasing attention, especially ofdm.
scenarios, which will be discussed in detail as follows.
α(hm ) = [1.1 lg fc ]hm − [1.56 lg fc − 0.8].
k0 = 2[lg fc /28]2 − 5.4.
k0 = 4.78[lg fc ]2 − 18.33 lg fc − 40.98.
categories (i.e., single-carrier modulations and multicarrier modulations).
systems, especially for paroxysmal point-to-point communication systems.
single-tap equalizer can be employed for channel equalization .
fig. 1.4 system block of sc-fdma.
fig. 1.5 system block of ofdm.
devices, ofdm was not put into commercial application until 1980s.
downlink in the lte standard [7, 8].
can be employed with the help of cp, which results in a low-cost receiver.
(ici), resulting in the performance degradation.
and equalization are very important issues in wireless communications.
to support typical applications in massive-connection and tactile internet.
difficult to meet the requirement of tactile internet with low latency.
many subbands, thus fbmc systems are robust to multipath fading channels.
techniques in future wireless communication systems.
quadrature amplitude modulation-based fbmc (oqam/fbmc) [11, 12].
structure of an fmt/fbmc multicarrier system.
at the transmission rate of m/t by adding the signals on all k subcarriers.
k), the filter bank is said to be critically (noncritically) sampled.
fig. 1.6 the equivalent baseband diagram of an fmt/fbmc system.
between subcarriers guarantees the received symbols free of isi and ici.
baseband diagram of an oqam/fbmc system is shown in fig. 1.7.
index k and time index m, and t/2 is the interval of real-valued symbols.
fig. 1.7 the equivalent baseband diagram of an oqam/fbmc system.
fig. 1.8 the equivalent baseband diagram of a cmt/fbmc system.
pam symbols to vsb signals and modulate them to various frequency bands.
fbmc. (b) oqam/fbmc. (c) cmt/fbmc.
cmt/fbmc in terms of the data rate and utilization efficiency of bandwith.
therefore, we mainly focus on oqam/fbmc in the rest of this book.
|ν| ≥ (1 + r) f20 .
where ϕ2i (t) is the ith prolate spheroidal wave function and ε2i is realvalued coefficient obtained thanks to an optimization procedure .
3. the family of functions called extended gaussian functions (egfs).
gα̂ (t) = (2α̂)1/4 e−π α̂t .
very close to the achievable optimum bound in time-frequency localization.
operations of truncation and discretization.
in ofdm systems cannot be used in oqam/fbmc systems directly.
systems, frequency domain channel estimation methods are very simple and single-tap equalizers can be employed for channel equalization.
equalization need more investigations in oqam/fbmc systems.
a low complexity still requires more efforts in future.
fig. 1.10 system block of cp-oqam/fbmc systems.
greatly, but it still suffers difficulty for the combination with mimo.
condition, frequency spectrum, and time-frequency synchronization.
compared with rectangular windows, which is why oqam/fbmc systems have lower spectral sidelobes than the conventional ofdm systems.
fig. 1.11 frequency spectrum comparison between oqam/fbmc and ofdm.
synchronizations are the eternal topic for wireless communications.
fbmc systems, where several papr reduction methods are introduced.
applications of oqam/fbmc are introduced in chapter 10.
 myung hg, junsung j, goodman d. single carrier fdma for uplink wireless transmission. ieee veh technol mag 2007;1(3):30–8.
(dab) to mobile, portable and fixed receiver; 2001.
and phy specifications: high speed physical layer in the 5 ghz band; 1999.
(20+mbps) extensions in the 24 ghz band; 2003.
 cherubini g, eleftheriou e, ölçer s. filtered multitone modulation for very highspeed digital subscriber lines. ieee j sel areas commun 2002;20(5):1016–28.
on filterbank theory. ieee trans signal process 2002;50(5):1170–83.
 fettweis g, krondorf m, bittner s. gfdm—generalized frequency division multiplexing. in: ieee vehicular technology conference (vtc); 2009.
 chang rw. synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multichannel data transmission. bell syst techn j 1966;1775–96.
 siohan p, roche c. cosine-modulated filterbanks based on extended gaussian function. ieee trans signal process 2000;48(11):3052–61.
 du j, signell s. novel preamble-based channel estimation for ofdm/oqam systems.
in: ieee international conference on communication; 2009.
qam system. j netw 2009;4(10):963–72.
channel estimation in ofdm/oqam systems. in: european signal processing conference; 2011.
 kofidis e, katselis d, rontogiannis a, theodoridi s. preamble-based channel estimation in ofdm/oqam systems: a review. signal process 2013;93(7):2038–54.
algorithms and performance bounds. ieee trans signal process 2014;63(2):322–30.
segmental pts scheme with low complexity. ieee trans broadcast 2014;60(1):141–7.
channels in mimo fbmc systems. ieee trans signal process 2012;60(12):6519–32.
international symposium on wireless communication systems (iswcs); 2013.
application to single-carrier fdma. ieee trans commun 2011;59(5):1467–80.
physical layer of future wireless communications systems .
channel equalization, cp is employed in the oqam/fbmc communication system in section 2.3. the summary is made in section 2.4.
are staggered in time domain by t/2, where t is the symbol period.
frequency (rf) band and transmitted.
fig. 2.1 oqam/fbmc communication system model.
the output symbols at the receiver equal the input symbols at the transmitter.
x̂k (m) = xk (m).
fig. 2.2 oqam/fbmc communication system model with real input symbols.
summation interval of m in eq. (2.12) is actually 2n/k−α ≤ m ≤ 2n/k+α.
where h(t) is the continuous-time version of h(n).
transform/fast fourier transform (ifft/fft) structure.
where mod(·) denotes modules operation.
elk = kdlk ej 2 (k(2l+1)+ mod (l,2)) .
fig. 2.3 signal length of oqam/fbmc systems.
corresponding implementation structure is shown in fig. 2.4.
e−jk( k + 2 ) .
(m + l − 12 )k + 1 ≤ n ≤ (α + l)k − 1.
fig. 2.4 ifft-based implementation of the transmitter in oqam/fbmc systems.
fig. 2.5 fft-based implementation of the receiver in oqam/fbmc systems.
let n = mk + i, where m = 0, 1, . . . , α + l − 1, i = 0, 1, . . . , k − 1.
b(mk + i)e k .
than the channel delay spread.
which will be used later for a compact vector-matrix representation.
prior to the block before transmission, and it is required that ng ≥ lg − 1.
ng ≤ n ≤ nc + ng − 1.
0 ≤ n ≤ nc − 1.
(−j)k e−jπm(k+0.5) hk (((mk/2 − n))nc )r(n).
fig. 2.6 cyclic prefix in cp-oqam/fbmc systems.
are essential to recover the transmitted symbols perfectly.
this chapter introduced the fundamentals of oqam/fbmc systems.
the length of cp is larger than the channel delay spread.
5g and beyond. in: advances in electrical engineering; 2014.
advances in gabor analysis; 2003, p. 321–52.
 kong d, xia xg, jiang t, gao x. channel estimation in cp-oqam-ofdm systems.
ieee trans signal process 2014;62(21):5775–86.
and synchronicity. in: ieee in vehicular technology conference, dresden; 2013.
transmitted signal of each data block is not related to the filter length.
insertion. this question will be investigated in this chapter.
the psd of the cp-oqam/fbmc may be affected by the truncation.
communication systems with an increase of the data rate overhead.
section 3.4. finally, a summary is made in section 3.5.
fbmc block is inserted, which, for convenience, is called direct cpoqam/fbmc (dcp-oqam/fbmc).
m = 0, 1, . . . , 2nd − 1.
means that the total length of the transmitted signal of nb blocks is nb knd .
fig. 3.1 the relationship between h(n) and hc (n).
increase, even can reduce after grouping input data symbols.
tcp ≤ t < tnd + tcp .
version of eq. (2.20) in terms of type 1 polyphase decomposition of hc (n).
n = 0, 1, . . . , knd + αk − k/2.
of the cp-oqam/fbmc communication system.
n = knd − 2 , knd − 2 + 1, . . . , knd − 1.
dk,l (m − 2nd ), m = 2nd , 2nd + 1, . . . , 2nd + α − 1.
n = 0, 1, . . . , knd − 1.
c (m) of d (m).
the oqam/fbmc communication system is illustrated in fig. 3.2.
0 ≤ t < tnd + tcp .
inserting cp and cs to the discrete-time input data symbols dk,l (m).
psd of the transmitted dcp-oqam/fbmc signal.
signal is a truncated version of the transmitted oqam/fbmc signal.
and described in detail in the following section.
fig. 3.3 an example of the ecp-oqam/fbmc transmitter.
where nb = 2, nd = 4, α = 2, and tcp = t/4.
dk,0 (5), dk,0 (6), dk,0 (7), dk,0 (0), dk,0 (1) to an oqam/fbmc transmitter.
from tcp = t/4 to 2tcp /tt/2 = t/2.
the neighboring block 0, dk,0 (m), from the left side.
2tcp /tt/2 ≥ tcp .
is expected to be nearly as good as the transmitted oqam/fbmc signal.
cs can be simply deleted and the remaining part is the same as that in the cpoqam/fbmc communication system after deleting its cp at the receiver.
e sk (t)s*k (t − τ ) .
= e sk (t)s*k (t − τ ) δ(k − k ).


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Product Name: Polyresin Male In Blazer And Khakis Bobblehead Item No: 3229213078451 Description: Male in blazer and khakis bobblehead, personalized head from your photos.
This man dressed in a blue buttoned shirt, black blazer and khaki pants is standing with his hands on his hips. For anyone who dresses in this style, this bobblehead will make a unique and creative gift that is sure to entertain him.

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product name: polyresin male in blazer and khakis bobblehead item no: 3229213078451 description: male in blazer and khakis bobblehead, personalized head from your photos.
this man dressed in a blue buttoned shirt, black blazer and khaki pants is standing with his hands on his hips. for anyone who dresses in this style, this bobblehead will make a unique and creative gift that is sure to entertain him.


text:
1 Why Get chase debit card replacement?
Why Get chase debit card replacement?
A pre-paid debit card is a debit card that you pack with a set quantity of loan. It is not linked to a bank, however chase debit card replacement are partnered with significant charge card business, such as Visa and Mastercard, so you can invest your cash anywhere that significant charge card are accepted.
A reloadable chase debit card replacement is an excellent choice if you are aiming to manage your costs or handle your financial obligation. Due to the fact that there is an optimal balance and you manage just how much cash you place on your card, you can never ever invest more than you have. They are likewise an excellent choice if you wish to offer your kids access to loan however do not desire them to have a charge card.
The chase debit card replacement are a choice if you are not able to open a bank account or wish to prevent bank costs. It is likewise a choice if you wish to prevent a high cost examining account. These cards do have charges of their own that you need to know. It is likewise essential to keep in mind that these debit cards have no impact, for great or ill, on your credit ranking.
Unlike routine debit cards, chase debit card replacement have actually no banks included with them and are related to charge card business therefore can be utilized any place you might utilize a charge card. There is no interest with these cards, because you do not need to pay anything back, however there are costs and charges. When assessing these cards, we took a look at the costs along with other functions they use.
The chase debit card replacement consist of a range of costs and expenses. These consist of month-to-month service charge and costs for getting paper declarations. Some cards will waive the regular monthly charge if you make a specific variety of deals with the card every month.
In addition to the standard functions of offering an option to paying with money, a lot of the chase debit card replacement we examined had a range of other functions that made them stand apart. All the cards we examined had standard functions, such as online account management, text informs and not having any credit checks. Much of the debit cards we evaluated likewise have actually smartphone apps that permit you to much better monitor your account. The very best of these pre-paid debit cards include functions that make them a more flexible monetary item. These functions consist of cost savings accounts and benefits programs.
When you get chase debit card replacement, it is essential to understand exactly what alternatives you have for including cash to your account and exactly what your day-to-day deposit and costs limitations are. All the cards we evaluated permit you to have your incomes straight transferred into your account, however other techniques of including funds differed from card to card.
Each of these chase debit card replacement supplies you with a range of choices for aid and assistance. Frequently asked questions on the sites can address your many standard concerns, however if you have to discover more, you can call them through telephone or e-mail.
The best chase debit card replacement we examined is Mango, which made the Gold Award due to the fact that it uses the greatest cost savings account and a range of methods for you to fill cash onto the card.
A pre-paid or reloadable debit card is a choice for you if you would like to manage your costs and handle your financial resources. These chase debit card replacement do not have rate of interest or have any impact on your credit rating.

lowercased:
1 why get chase debit card replacement?
why get chase debit card replacement?
a pre-paid debit card is a debit card that you pack with a set quantity of loan. it is not linked to a bank, however chase debit card replacement are partnered with significant charge card business, such as visa and mastercard, so you can invest your cash anywhere that significant charge card are accepted.
a reloadable chase debit card replacement is an excellent choice if you are aiming to manage your costs or handle your financial obligation. due to the fact that there is an optimal balance and you manage just how much cash you place on your card, you can never ever invest more than you have. they are likewise an excellent choice if you wish to offer your kids access to loan however do not desire them to have a charge card.
the chase debit card replacement are a choice if you are not able to open a bank account or wish to prevent bank costs. it is likewise a choice if you wish to prevent a high cost examining account. these cards do have charges of their own that you need to know. it is likewise essential to keep in mind that these debit cards have no impact, for great or ill, on your credit ranking.
unlike routine debit cards, chase debit card replacement have actually no banks included with them and are related to charge card business therefore can be utilized any place you might utilize a charge card. there is no interest with these cards, because you do not need to pay anything back, however there are costs and charges. when assessing these cards, we took a look at the costs along with other functions they use.
the chase debit card replacement consist of a range of costs and expenses. these consist of month-to-month service charge and costs for getting paper declarations. some cards will waive the regular monthly charge if you make a specific variety of deals with the card every month.
in addition to the standard functions of offering an option to paying with money, a lot of the chase debit card replacement we examined had a range of other functions that made them stand apart. all the cards we examined had standard functions, such as online account management, text informs and not having any credit checks. much of the debit cards we evaluated likewise have actually smartphone apps that permit you to much better monitor your account. the very best of these pre-paid debit cards include functions that make them a more flexible monetary item. these functions consist of cost savings accounts and benefits programs.
when you get chase debit card replacement, it is essential to understand exactly what alternatives you have for including cash to your account and exactly what your day-to-day deposit and costs limitations are. all the cards we evaluated permit you to have your incomes straight transferred into your account, however other techniques of including funds differed from card to card.
each of these chase debit card replacement supplies you with a range of choices for aid and assistance. frequently asked questions on the sites can address your many standard concerns, however if you have to discover more, you can call them through telephone or e-mail.
the best chase debit card replacement we examined is mango, which made the gold award due to the fact that it uses the greatest cost savings account and a range of methods for you to fill cash onto the card.
a pre-paid or reloadable debit card is a choice for you if you would like to manage your costs and handle your financial resources. these chase debit card replacement do not have rate of interest or have any impact on your credit rating.


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Bud XL will also increase the size and robustness of the plant's fruits, which in turn will result in an increase in the final yield.
Use Bud XL during the flowering period of the plant. Start using Bud XL after the first signs of flowers beginning to form.
Ensure you plants are budding beautiful, with Bud XL from House & Garden. Enjoy bigger yields of tastier, sweeter fruit and denser flowering sites, thanks to this flowering stimulator specially formulated by the House & Garden. This innovative product stimulates your plant into transferring reserves of sugar into its fruit, leading to better quality produce with an increased dried weight. Use this Bud XL when your plants begin to flower to ensure that sugars are used to promote vigorous growth of fruit and flowering sites. It’s all about enzymes, as Bud XL uses the enzymes in your plants to direct and transfer sugars to fruit and flower production – clever stuff from those experts at House & Garden.

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bud xl will also increase the size and robustness of the plant's fruits, which in turn will result in an increase in the final yield.
use bud xl during the flowering period of the plant. start using bud xl after the first signs of flowers beginning to form.
ensure you plants are budding beautiful, with bud xl from house & garden. enjoy bigger yields of tastier, sweeter fruit and denser flowering sites, thanks to this flowering stimulator specially formulated by the house & garden. this innovative product stimulates your plant into transferring reserves of sugar into its fruit, leading to better quality produce with an increased dried weight. use this bud xl when your plants begin to flower to ensure that sugars are used to promote vigorous growth of fruit and flowering sites. it’s all about enzymes, as bud xl uses the enzymes in your plants to direct and transfer sugars to fruit and flower production – clever stuff from those experts at house & garden.


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Are you interested to work in preschool and change the life of children?
Great Hope is non-profit preschool, which is legally pre-approve as a progressive Day Care saves children from family with low income at Morombo area in Arusha, Northern Tanzania.
The door is open for the people who are motivated and interested to assist our students in care and little learning. English is our media of communication.
We serve children from family with low income so,this is pure and nonpayment volunteering, we do not pay any compensation to volunteers.
Volunteering is free, and takes a special dedication to work under our challenging environment but is very rewarding.
Please if interested contact us through provided contacts below, we also invite you to visit our Facebook page: Great Hope School - Community development base – CDB for photos and videos of our activities.
Any one who is motivated in children development and interested to work in Tanzanian preschool.
3. Share any idea or advice which may lead to school and children development.
4. Perform any other work at the center as it will be required (Eg preparing lunch for children), this is optional.
5. Provide seminars related to children care and development to parents. This also may be optional.
6. Maintain good relationship between School and parents and community.
1. Expect to be busy during working time because children always make us busy.
2. Be a part of Tanzanian community and experience their culture.
3. Certificate of volunteer accomplishment.
You will be working with local staffs by follow our school timetable, our timetable may be flexible depend on the existing situation. And our sessions started 8:00 AM until 12:30 noon, some of our students go home for lunch while others stay to school up to evening, for those who go home, they come back at 3:30 PM, even session is optional to attend, you can attend or not.
You will be hosted to home stay, where you will live with our lovely parent family.
Our center is located in Arusha city, ten minutes from public min bus road.

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are you interested to work in preschool and change the life of children?
great hope is non-profit preschool, which is legally pre-approve as a progressive day care saves children from family with low income at morombo area in arusha, northern tanzania.
the door is open for the people who are motivated and interested to assist our students in care and little learning. english is our media of communication.
we serve children from family with low income so,this is pure and nonpayment volunteering, we do not pay any compensation to volunteers.
volunteering is free, and takes a special dedication to work under our challenging environment but is very rewarding.
please if interested contact us through provided contacts below, we also invite you to visit our facebook page: great hope school - community development base – cdb for photos and videos of our activities.
any one who is motivated in children development and interested to work in tanzanian preschool.
3. share any idea or advice which may lead to school and children development.
4. perform any other work at the center as it will be required (eg preparing lunch for children), this is optional.
5. provide seminars related to children care and development to parents. this also may be optional.
6. maintain good relationship between school and parents and community.
1. expect to be busy during working time because children always make us busy.
2. be a part of tanzanian community and experience their culture.
3. certificate of volunteer accomplishment.
you will be working with local staffs by follow our school timetable, our timetable may be flexible depend on the existing situation. and our sessions started 8:00 am until 12:30 noon, some of our students go home for lunch while others stay to school up to evening, for those who go home, they come back at 3:30 pm, even session is optional to attend, you can attend or not.
you will be hosted to home stay, where you will live with our lovely parent family.
our center is located in arusha city, ten minutes from public min bus road.


text: Hot Slot, Custom silicone part I need a production mold made. please send me a quote for the custom silicone part attached. Either injection molding or compression molding is acceptable. please quote me for 1000, 2500, 5000, and 10000 parts. most likely Shore 40 or whatever is most cost effective.

lowercased: hot slot, custom silicone part i need a production mold made. please send me a quote for the custom silicone part attached. either injection molding or compression molding is acceptable. please quote me for 1000, 2500, 5000, and 10000 parts. most likely shore 40 or whatever is most cost effective.


text:
For APE and PPD, applications open in January 1, 2019 until March 3, 2019.
For EDCBA 2019, the application process is open until July 2019 on a rolling basis.
For APE only, Paris 1 and QEM candidates can choose to apply between February 15 up to February 28 via https://ecandidat.univ-paris1.fr (please do not apply on both PSE and Paris 1 websites).

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for ape and ppd, applications open in january 1, 2019 until march 3, 2019.
for edcba 2019, the application process is open until july 2019 on a rolling basis.
for ape only, paris 1 and qem candidates can choose to apply between february 15 up to february 28 via https://ecandidat.univ-paris1.fr (please do not apply on both pse and paris 1 websites).


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Please find attached the up-to-date overviews analyzing the market of business credit cards in Australia. Here you will find information on the average, minimal and maximal interest rates on business credit cards.
Bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business business credit cards in the national currency. Our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all Australian banks.
How to get a business credit card in Australia?
A question of obtaining of business credit cards arises before each business: small and large companies, entrepreneurs and even startups. They are a good manner to simplify for the staff the use of funds for business purposes and to have a quick access to a loan facility. In the same time applying for a business credit card is not an easy task. The banks are not eager to provide the cards for all companies and use tricks to attract new clients. There are several types of business credit cards, each of them has a lot of parameters. How to really get the card and to choose the one which will fit your business best? We will try to explain it in this article.
Bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business vip cards in the national currency. Our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all Australian banks.
Bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business rewards credit cards in the national currency. Our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all Australian banks.
Bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business vip in the national currency. Our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all Australian banks.

lowercased:
please find attached the up-to-date overviews analyzing the market of business credit cards in australia. here you will find information on the average, minimal and maximal interest rates on business credit cards.
bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business business credit cards in the national currency. our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all australian banks.
how to get a business credit card in australia?
a question of obtaining of business credit cards arises before each business: small and large companies, entrepreneurs and even startups. they are a good manner to simplify for the staff the use of funds for business purposes and to have a quick access to a loan facility. in the same time applying for a business credit card is not an easy task. the banks are not eager to provide the cards for all companies and use tricks to attract new clients. there are several types of business credit cards, each of them has a lot of parameters. how to really get the card and to choose the one which will fit your business best? we will try to explain it in this article.
bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business vip cards in the national currency. our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all australian banks.
bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business rewards credit cards in the national currency. our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all australian banks.
bankchart.com.au has surveyed the terms of the offered business vip in the national currency. our website's analysts have studied the loan offers from all australian banks.


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QuikTrip’s fuel management solution for business.
This comprehensive program enables you to easily manage your company vehicles with emphasis on security, simplicity, and customizable reporting. Managers can set individual driver limits on all purchases and easily access transaction activity online, anytime. Plus, if you run into any problems with your account we are available 24/7.
Conveniently and efficiently manage your fleet through Fleetmaster’s customizable reporting system and programmed driver limits. Each vehicle in your fleet is assigned a fleet card, and each driver a personal identification number. Odometer readings and driver ID numbers are collected each time fuel is purchased.
Customizable reporting means you choose the type of information you receive. Extensive reporting provides employee name, purchase amount, and product type of each purchase. Exception reporting monitors nine different exception categories for fraudulent or excessive purchases that fall outside established operating parameters.
Individual card controls can also be customized. Limits can be set to meet the fleet manager’s needs, including fuel only, total dollars per day, number of transactions per day, day of the week, and even time of day authorizations.
Perhaps the best feature of the basic Fleetmaster program is the price – it’s free. Plus, you have the option to revolve your credit and you'll have 24/7 access to your account online, enabling you to make changes, review recent activity, and even make a payment.
Need more extensive coverage? QT offers our Fleetmaster Plus* universal card program accepted at over 90% of all retail fuel locations. Fleet managers enjoy all the benefits of the Fleetmaster program, plus the additional convenience of fueling outside QT market areas.
Contact our Commercial Fuel department for more information, 844-213-9363 or fill out this form.

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quiktrip’s fuel management solution for business.
this comprehensive program enables you to easily manage your company vehicles with emphasis on security, simplicity, and customizable reporting. managers can set individual driver limits on all purchases and easily access transaction activity online, anytime. plus, if you run into any problems with your account we are available 24/7.
conveniently and efficiently manage your fleet through fleetmaster’s customizable reporting system and programmed driver limits. each vehicle in your fleet is assigned a fleet card, and each driver a personal identification number. odometer readings and driver id numbers are collected each time fuel is purchased.
customizable reporting means you choose the type of information you receive. extensive reporting provides employee name, purchase amount, and product type of each purchase. exception reporting monitors nine different exception categories for fraudulent or excessive purchases that fall outside established operating parameters.
individual card controls can also be customized. limits can be set to meet the fleet manager’s needs, including fuel only, total dollars per day, number of transactions per day, day of the week, and even time of day authorizations.
perhaps the best feature of the basic fleetmaster program is the price – it’s free. plus, you have the option to revolve your credit and you'll have 24/7 access to your account online, enabling you to make changes, review recent activity, and even make a payment.
need more extensive coverage? qt offers our fleetmaster plus* universal card program accepted at over 90% of all retail fuel locations. fleet managers enjoy all the benefits of the fleetmaster program, plus the additional convenience of fueling outside qt market areas.
contact our commercial fuel department for more information, 844-213-9363 or fill out this form.


text:
Alvéole harvests honey from the hives of different neighbourhoods around Montreal (South West & Plateau are staples!) offering slightly different tastes and aromas. Visit their site’s online shop HERE!
Alex of Alvéole generously agreed to let me shadow him for the day, to learn more about honey production and beekeeping. I was welcomed to the Alvéole HQ, where I had the opportunity to participate in a workshop on honey harvesting that they were giving to a group from Auccueil Bonneau. Then I accompanied Alex on a visit to a neighbourhood hive, where I had the chance to see the bees in action!
Tragically, the world’s bees are dying off at a disturbing rate, a phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). This name was developed in 2006, when beekeepers in North America and Europe began observing the mass decline of bee population. While the scientific community has yet to agree upon a single cause for CCD, they have identified numerous potential factors including: Pathogens and parasites, pesticides, monoculture, loss of habitat and environmental stressors, intensive/industrial beekeeping practices, and bee malnutrition. A growing body of research has found that one of the most significant causes of CCD is Neonicotinoids aka neonics, a common agricultural pesticide. Bees absorb this chemical when pollinating pesticide sprayed plants, carrying it back with them to the hive. The toxic chemicals spread throughout the colony, killing off the bees at a rapid rate. Neonics attack the bee’s nerve receptors, making them disoriented and unable to navigate back to their hive. Neonics act similarly to nicotine, causing the bees to become addicted to the chemical, just as humans get hooked to nicotine-laden cigarettes.
The European Food Safety Authority has found that neonics are not only lethal to bees, but also potentially harmful to human health – affecting the brain and nervous system. This has led to the recent banning of Neonics in the EU, however the US and Canada are still using this chemical pesticide. Neonics are not only sprayed on our food, but also on flowers that many of us buy and plant in our yards during the spring and summer months. While people are making the effort to plant bee-attracting flowers to support the honeybee population, if they are not buying non-sprayed flowers, they could actually be contributing to the problem. It is important to buy organic flowers and seeds from neonic-free nurseries and seed sources like Babylone Hydro-Organique in Montreal.
With rising concern over the global decline of bees, small-scale organic beekeepers like Alveole are especially important to our cities. The issue of ‘colony collapse’ poses a major threat to global food security, as honeybees are an integral part of the natural process of food production. In fact, bees are at the centre of the food chain – responsible for the pollination of at least one third of everything we consume including fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. There are a number of things we as individuals and consumers can do to stop contributing to this problem. Buying organic food helps ensure the food we buy has not been sprayed with neonics and other pesticides that harm bees and other living things. We can also support small, sustainable beekeepers like Alvéole, rather than buying honey from large-scale commercial companies who use bee-harming methods of production.
Well, this is my first visit to your blog! Your beekeeping honey blog provided us valuable information to work on. You have done a excellent job!

lowercased:
alvéole harvests honey from the hives of different neighbourhoods around montreal (south west & plateau are staples!) offering slightly different tastes and aromas. visit their site’s online shop here!
alex of alvéole generously agreed to let me shadow him for the day, to learn more about honey production and beekeeping. i was welcomed to the alvéole hq, where i had the opportunity to participate in a workshop on honey harvesting that they were giving to a group from auccueil bonneau. then i accompanied alex on a visit to a neighbourhood hive, where i had the chance to see the bees in action!
tragically, the world’s bees are dying off at a disturbing rate, a phenomenon called colony collapse disorder (ccd). this name was developed in 2006, when beekeepers in north america and europe began observing the mass decline of bee population. while the scientific community has yet to agree upon a single cause for ccd, they have identified numerous potential factors including: pathogens and parasites, pesticides, monoculture, loss of habitat and environmental stressors, intensive/industrial beekeeping practices, and bee malnutrition. a growing body of research has found that one of the most significant causes of ccd is neonicotinoids aka neonics, a common agricultural pesticide. bees absorb this chemical when pollinating pesticide sprayed plants, carrying it back with them to the hive. the toxic chemicals spread throughout the colony, killing off the bees at a rapid rate. neonics attack the bee’s nerve receptors, making them disoriented and unable to navigate back to their hive. neonics act similarly to nicotine, causing the bees to become addicted to the chemical, just as humans get hooked to nicotine-laden cigarettes.
the european food safety authority has found that neonics are not only lethal to bees, but also potentially harmful to human health – affecting the brain and nervous system. this has led to the recent banning of neonics in the eu, however the us and canada are still using this chemical pesticide. neonics are not only sprayed on our food, but also on flowers that many of us buy and plant in our yards during the spring and summer months. while people are making the effort to plant bee-attracting flowers to support the honeybee population, if they are not buying non-sprayed flowers, they could actually be contributing to the problem. it is important to buy organic flowers and seeds from neonic-free nurseries and seed sources like babylone hydro-organique in montreal.
with rising concern over the global decline of bees, small-scale organic beekeepers like alveole are especially important to our cities. the issue of ‘colony collapse’ poses a major threat to global food security, as honeybees are an integral part of the natural process of food production. in fact, bees are at the centre of the food chain – responsible for the pollination of at least one third of everything we consume including fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. there are a number of things we as individuals and consumers can do to stop contributing to this problem. buying organic food helps ensure the food we buy has not been sprayed with neonics and other pesticides that harm bees and other living things. we can also support small, sustainable beekeepers like alvéole, rather than buying honey from large-scale commercial companies who use bee-harming methods of production.
well, this is my first visit to your blog! your beekeeping honey blog provided us valuable information to work on. you have done a excellent job!


text:
Come celebrate the release of Ramzel’s debut album, December!
Ramzel is a singer-songwriter based out of Austin, Texas, most recognizable by his blending of atmospheric songwriting with Texas-brand Americana. Despite the use of primarily folk-related instruments, Ramzel is hardly rootsy in approach, often opting for complex, dramatic arrangements instead of the the simple, stripped ones that typically define others in his genre. Ramzel recently released his debut album, December, which can be found anywhere you stream music.

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come celebrate the release of ramzel’s debut album, december!
ramzel is a singer-songwriter based out of austin, texas, most recognizable by his blending of atmospheric songwriting with texas-brand americana. despite the use of primarily folk-related instruments, ramzel is hardly rootsy in approach, often opting for complex, dramatic arrangements instead of the the simple, stripped ones that typically define others in his genre. ramzel recently released his debut album, december, which can be found anywhere you stream music.


text: This is one of the very best list of its kind where you can find incredibly amazing and Five Excellent (Yet Free) Business Management Web Apps. These would be great enough to bookmark or just for get in your knowledge. I hope everyone of you will like this list. This is absolutely helpful for business owners, entrepreneurs, office workers, managers, designers, web designers, developers etc. Just take a look at them and share your thought's here.

lowercased: this is one of the very best list of its kind where you can find incredibly amazing and five excellent (yet free) business management web apps. these would be great enough to bookmark or just for get in your knowledge. i hope everyone of you will like this list. this is absolutely helpful for business owners, entrepreneurs, office workers, managers, designers, web designers, developers etc. just take a look at them and share your thought's here.


text: Bestselling novelist (How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents) and children's (The Tia Lola Stories) author Julia Alvarez's new picture book is a beautifully crafted poem for children that gently addresses the emotional side of death. The book asks, "When somebody dies, where do they go? / Do they go where the wind goes when it blows? ... Do they wink back at me when I wish on a star? Do they whisper, 'You're perfect, just as you are'? ..." Illustrated by Vermont woodcut artist, Sabra Field, Where Do They Go? is a beautiful and comforting meditation on death, asking questions young readers might have about what happens to those they love after they die.

lowercased: bestselling novelist (how the garcia girls lost their accents) and children's (the tia lola stories) author julia alvarez's new picture book is a beautifully crafted poem for children that gently addresses the emotional side of death. the book asks, "when somebody dies, where do they go? / do they go where the wind goes when it blows? ... do they wink back at me when i wish on a star? do they whisper, 'you're perfect, just as you are'? ..." illustrated by vermont woodcut artist, sabra field, where do they go? is a beautiful and comforting meditation on death, asking questions young readers might have about what happens to those they love after they die.