text:
When we think of pollution, we often think of it as a visible problem. The term usually conjures up images of rubbish dumps and oil slicks. Most forms of pollution are invisible to the human eye and come in a variety of different forms. This week, we thought we’d look at the seven major forms of pollution and their effect on the environment.
This type of pollution refers to the contamination of bodies of water including groundwater. As all living organisms depend on water to live, the pollution of a body of water tends to affect every level of the ecosystem, including human health. Common causes of water pollution include industrial waste, insecticides, pesticides, and fertilisers, detergents and oil spills. These pollutants either work by killing off organisms through their toxicity (industrial waste, insecticides), or reducing oxygen values in the water (known as Eutrophication) by blocking out sunlight (detergents, oil).
Air is usually comprised of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% oxide gases and 0.1% inert gases. When the air becomes contaminated with other elements such as poisonous gases or particles, it can cause serious problems to human health. The most common causes of air pollution include partially combusted exhaust gases, poisonous gases which are a by-product of industry including sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, and carcinogenic gases released through the burning of plastic, rubber and wood. Particle contamination can also occur when a substance such as friable asbestos fibres are disturbed and released into the air. Air pollution works either by poisoning living organisms which breathe it in, or by disturbing the atmosphere and mixing with their air and clouds to cause acid rain. In the case of particle contamination, particles such as asbestos fibres become airborne and are inhaled, irritating the respiratory system and causing health conditions.
Soil can be stripped of it’s nutrients (and therefore fertility) by a number of chemical agents and when this occurs, it is known as soil pollution. Common causes of soil pollution include pesticides, insecticides, agricultural chemicals, industrial waste, and radioactive waste. Plants depend on the nutrients in the soil in order to grow, but many of these chemical compounds absorb the nitrogenous compounds present in the soil which the plants depend on. Aside from making an area barren, soil pollution is a common cause of erosion, as plants and other living organisms play an important role in keeping the soil held together. When they die off, the soil splits and begins to erode. The heavy metals which get into the soil via chemical pollution also have a devastating effect on the ecosystem as they alter the metabolism of microorganisms and arthropods living in the soil. These heavy metals become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, often wiping out predator or consumer species at the apex.
Many industries release heat energy as a by-product and once released into the environment, this thermal energy is partially responsible for global warming. Manufacturing industries release thermal energy into the air as well as into bodies of water. This in itself is not necessarily a bad thing although it can dramatically alter local ecosystems. The problem arises from the excess of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Carbon dioxide prevents heat from exiting the atmosphere, so the heat from the sun, combined with the excess thermal energy which is a by-product of many industries as well as vehicles cannot escape and raises the temperature of the atmosphere. Global warming is responsible for the melting of the polar ice caps which in turn have led to a rise in sea levels.
When radioactive metals disintegrate, they release beta rays which can cause a whole host of mutative diseases in living organisms, this is known as radioactive pollution. As the name suggests, radioactive pollution mostly comes from the nuclear power industry, either in the form of radioactive waste being dumped or improperly disposed of and then making its way into bodies of water, or from the accidental release of radioactive substances when a nuclear reactor is damaged. Once radioactive pollution is present in the environment, it can linger for decades, making enormous areas of land unfit for human occupation of any sort.
The excessive, obtrusive, and misdirected use of light in areas of human habitation as well as in industry cause light pollution. Light pollution is defined as the alteration of natural light levels in both indoor and outdoor environments through human interference. Light pollution causes headaches, fatigue, stress and anxiety. Light pollution disrupts eco systems by confusing animal navigation, altering predator-prey relations, disrupting plant growth and pollination, and change competitor interactions.

lowercased:
when we think of pollution, we often think of it as a visible problem. the term usually conjures up images of rubbish dumps and oil slicks. most forms of pollution are invisible to the human eye and come in a variety of different forms. this week, we thought we’d look at the seven major forms of pollution and their effect on the environment.
this type of pollution refers to the contamination of bodies of water including groundwater. as all living organisms depend on water to live, the pollution of a body of water tends to affect every level of the ecosystem, including human health. common causes of water pollution include industrial waste, insecticides, pesticides, and fertilisers, detergents and oil spills. these pollutants either work by killing off organisms through their toxicity (industrial waste, insecticides), or reducing oxygen values in the water (known as eutrophication) by blocking out sunlight (detergents, oil).
air is usually comprised of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% oxide gases and 0.1% inert gases. when the air becomes contaminated with other elements such as poisonous gases or particles, it can cause serious problems to human health. the most common causes of air pollution include partially combusted exhaust gases, poisonous gases which are a by-product of industry including sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, and carcinogenic gases released through the burning of plastic, rubber and wood. particle contamination can also occur when a substance such as friable asbestos fibres are disturbed and released into the air. air pollution works either by poisoning living organisms which breathe it in, or by disturbing the atmosphere and mixing with their air and clouds to cause acid rain. in the case of particle contamination, particles such as asbestos fibres become airborne and are inhaled, irritating the respiratory system and causing health conditions.
soil can be stripped of it’s nutrients (and therefore fertility) by a number of chemical agents and when this occurs, it is known as soil pollution. common causes of soil pollution include pesticides, insecticides, agricultural chemicals, industrial waste, and radioactive waste. plants depend on the nutrients in the soil in order to grow, but many of these chemical compounds absorb the nitrogenous compounds present in the soil which the plants depend on. aside from making an area barren, soil pollution is a common cause of erosion, as plants and other living organisms play an important role in keeping the soil held together. when they die off, the soil splits and begins to erode. the heavy metals which get into the soil via chemical pollution also have a devastating effect on the ecosystem as they alter the metabolism of microorganisms and arthropods living in the soil. these heavy metals become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, often wiping out predator or consumer species at the apex.
many industries release heat energy as a by-product and once released into the environment, this thermal energy is partially responsible for global warming. manufacturing industries release thermal energy into the air as well as into bodies of water. this in itself is not necessarily a bad thing although it can dramatically alter local ecosystems. the problem arises from the excess of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. carbon dioxide prevents heat from exiting the atmosphere, so the heat from the sun, combined with the excess thermal energy which is a by-product of many industries as well as vehicles cannot escape and raises the temperature of the atmosphere. global warming is responsible for the melting of the polar ice caps which in turn have led to a rise in sea levels.
when radioactive metals disintegrate, they release beta rays which can cause a whole host of mutative diseases in living organisms, this is known as radioactive pollution. as the name suggests, radioactive pollution mostly comes from the nuclear power industry, either in the form of radioactive waste being dumped or improperly disposed of and then making its way into bodies of water, or from the accidental release of radioactive substances when a nuclear reactor is damaged. once radioactive pollution is present in the environment, it can linger for decades, making enormous areas of land unfit for human occupation of any sort.
the excessive, obtrusive, and misdirected use of light in areas of human habitation as well as in industry cause light pollution. light pollution is defined as the alteration of natural light levels in both indoor and outdoor environments through human interference. light pollution causes headaches, fatigue, stress and anxiety. light pollution disrupts eco systems by confusing animal navigation, altering predator-prey relations, disrupting plant growth and pollination, and change competitor interactions.


text:
Model Arti Venkatesh will play Dulquer Salmaan’s heroine in director Bejoy Nambiar’s Solo.
Arti’s tweet also suggested the same, which reveals her excitement about making her entry into films.
As per some reports there are two heroines in Solo. The other heroine has not been announced as yet.
Bejoy Nambiar made his debut as a director with the Bollywood film, Shaitan. He has also directed David and Wazir.
Solo will be completed in multiple schedules. Meanwhile, Dulquer is said to be planning to wrap up the shooting of Amal Neerad’s film in between. The Satyan Anthikkad film, Jomonte Suvisheshangal, is all set to release next month.

lowercased:
model arti venkatesh will play dulquer salmaan’s heroine in director bejoy nambiar’s solo.
arti’s tweet also suggested the same, which reveals her excitement about making her entry into films.
as per some reports there are two heroines in solo. the other heroine has not been announced as yet.
bejoy nambiar made his debut as a director with the bollywood film, shaitan. he has also directed david and wazir.
solo will be completed in multiple schedules. meanwhile, dulquer is said to be planning to wrap up the shooting of amal neerad’s film in between. the satyan anthikkad film, jomonte suvisheshangal, is all set to release next month.


text:
After spending about 2 days in Karagwe, the following day, 28th jan, we began our journey to bukoba with scheduled destinations being jatropha farmer, Jos en Lineke in Mugana & Bart's campsite in Bukoba.
This is on the way to Mugana.
At the jatropha farm in Bukoba. Notice how keen the jatropha ethusiasts just dont want miss a point in whatever the fieldman shows them!
Mark just about to take a picture of both Jos en Lineke duindam at the entrance to their guest house in Mugana, Bukoba.
Its such a spacious building able to accommodate over 12 people built in a similar way like their guest house in pingjum, holland.
We completely the evening with a beer, a lovely dinner with soup and a lot of dutch flying about with me togather with joseph, trying to recall much of the dutch words that we could master!

lowercased:
after spending about 2 days in karagwe, the following day, 28th jan, we began our journey to bukoba with scheduled destinations being jatropha farmer, jos en lineke in mugana & bart's campsite in bukoba.
this is on the way to mugana.
at the jatropha farm in bukoba. notice how keen the jatropha ethusiasts just dont want miss a point in whatever the fieldman shows them!
mark just about to take a picture of both jos en lineke duindam at the entrance to their guest house in mugana, bukoba.
its such a spacious building able to accommodate over 12 people built in a similar way like their guest house in pingjum, holland.
we completely the evening with a beer, a lovely dinner with soup and a lot of dutch flying about with me togather with joseph, trying to recall much of the dutch words that we could master!


text:
One of utter confusion, fear, and excitement.
A crossover between Rick and Morty and Dungeons & Dragons might sound like a shameless mashup of the old nerd and the new nerd, aiming to please the widest possible audience while alienating the core fan base for either franchise. But against all odds, the Rick and Morty vs. Dungeons & Dragons crossover comic is on par with the best Rick and Morty episodes in terms of core storytelling while also capturing what it’s really like to play D&D. Specifically, we’re all Morty when he almost has a mental breakdown trying to figure out how to play.
Take it from a guy who just had his second session of D&D ever two days ago, one that lasted almost seven hours.
Rick and Morty vs. Dungeons & Dragons hits store shelves on August 29, offering one of the best Rick and Morty comics stories to date, no doubt thanks to writers Patrick Rothfuss and Jim Zub. Art from Troy Little also captures the distinct Rick and Morty style incredibly well.
Most of the first issue has no science fiction whatsoever but still manages to feel Rick and Morty-AF because the writers understand and appreciate the characters so well. The core premise is that Morty wants to learn Dungeons & Dragons, so he goes to Rick for help. But the adventure they embark on takes a crazy sci-fi turn that threatens both their lives. Without spoiling it here, the twist will make fans of both these crossover properties very happy.
'D&D' is so cool that people are clamoring to get into each other's groups.
In this world, kids in Morty’s school swoon over Griffin McElroy, a D&D podcaster, like he’s a hot actor. Are there actual high school girls that do this in real life? Maybe. But even if this is an exaggeration, it still captures the rising popularity of the tabletop game in 2018. Dungeons & Dragons has risen above its reputation as a game for basement dwellers in 2018. Maybe the cool people were playing it all along?
Either way, Morty wants in on whatever it is. His first step is ultra-relatable: He Googles it.
It’s here that Morty finds Critical Role and Acquisitions Inc., two of the most popular D&D live-play podcasts in our dimension — and his, apparently. Morty bumbles his way through learning about this game. Once someone gains legitimate interest in playing, it becomes like trying to get invited to an ultra-exclusive party. How does one even find a group? Where do you get a Dungeon Master? What steps do you take to make this happen? Because Morty doesn’t really have any friends, he inevitably winds up at a gaming store, where something Morty-AF happens to him.
He sees a cute girl and his motivation increases tenfold.
When a cute girl gets involved, Morty is instantly much more motivated.
True to life, the deeper Morty delves into Dungeons & Dragons, the more confused he gets. He doesn’t even know what he’s looking for in the store, and when he randomly picks up a 1st Edition Dungeon Master’s Guide, the girl — named Annika — compliments him for going “old school.” Things go from bad to worse after he charms his way into her group for a legitimate session, committing to being a Rogue without knowing what that means. So he has mere days to become a full-on expert.
Any 'D&D' newbie will recognize these faces.
Dungeons & Dragons is a totally overwhelming experience at first, and it’s one that will totally trigger anxiety in the faint of heart. It’s not a casual game you can dip into. Studious people will fare the best as they pore over player’s manuals and various guidebooks and tons of resources online. But once you reach a point where you at least vaguely understand what’s going on — and you try it out for real — it becomes a thrilling and intense experience.
All that being said, trying out the game not something nobody can really embark on by themselves. Which is why Morty eventually tries to force Rick into teaching him the game with a Morty Adventure Card. But Rick doesn’t even need to be forced because he loves the game.
Rick walks Morty through the process of rolling up a character and refreshingly admits D&D’s “dirty little secret,” that everyone re-rolls for their characters. But of course Morty dies seven times while playing classic 1st Edition with some of Rick’s elderly friends. Watching them get super into the role-playing aspects waving their magic staves and investigating shimmering pools of magic water is pretty chuckleworthy.
All of these carefully planted details genuinely capture the experience of playing Dungeons & Dragons, and that’s perhaps the best thing about this crossover. Things go from great to even better when Rick cooks up a way to up the stakes even further, and things get more dire than they’ve ever been when they enter what’s essentially Dungeons & Dragons world.
But that’s mostly a story for the next issue.
Rick and Morty vs. Dungeons & Dragons will be available on August 29, 2018.

lowercased:
one of utter confusion, fear, and excitement.
a crossover between rick and morty and dungeons & dragons might sound like a shameless mashup of the old nerd and the new nerd, aiming to please the widest possible audience while alienating the core fan base for either franchise. but against all odds, the rick and morty vs. dungeons & dragons crossover comic is on par with the best rick and morty episodes in terms of core storytelling while also capturing what it’s really like to play d&d. specifically, we’re all morty when he almost has a mental breakdown trying to figure out how to play.
take it from a guy who just had his second session of d&d ever two days ago, one that lasted almost seven hours.
rick and morty vs. dungeons & dragons hits store shelves on august 29, offering one of the best rick and morty comics stories to date, no doubt thanks to writers patrick rothfuss and jim zub. art from troy little also captures the distinct rick and morty style incredibly well.
most of the first issue has no science fiction whatsoever but still manages to feel rick and morty-af because the writers understand and appreciate the characters so well. the core premise is that morty wants to learn dungeons & dragons, so he goes to rick for help. but the adventure they embark on takes a crazy sci-fi turn that threatens both their lives. without spoiling it here, the twist will make fans of both these crossover properties very happy.
'd&d' is so cool that people are clamoring to get into each other's groups.
in this world, kids in morty’s school swoon over griffin mcelroy, a d&d podcaster, like he’s a hot actor. are there actual high school girls that do this in real life? maybe. but even if this is an exaggeration, it still captures the rising popularity of the tabletop game in 2018. dungeons & dragons has risen above its reputation as a game for basement dwellers in 2018. maybe the cool people were playing it all along?
either way, morty wants in on whatever it is. his first step is ultra-relatable: he googles it.
it’s here that morty finds critical role and acquisitions inc., two of the most popular d&d live-play podcasts in our dimension — and his, apparently. morty bumbles his way through learning about this game. once someone gains legitimate interest in playing, it becomes like trying to get invited to an ultra-exclusive party. how does one even find a group? where do you get a dungeon master? what steps do you take to make this happen? because morty doesn’t really have any friends, he inevitably winds up at a gaming store, where something morty-af happens to him.
he sees a cute girl and his motivation increases tenfold.
when a cute girl gets involved, morty is instantly much more motivated.
true to life, the deeper morty delves into dungeons & dragons, the more confused he gets. he doesn’t even know what he’s looking for in the store, and when he randomly picks up a 1st edition dungeon master’s guide, the girl — named annika — compliments him for going “old school.” things go from bad to worse after he charms his way into her group for a legitimate session, committing to being a rogue without knowing what that means. so he has mere days to become a full-on expert.
any 'd&d' newbie will recognize these faces.
dungeons & dragons is a totally overwhelming experience at first, and it’s one that will totally trigger anxiety in the faint of heart. it’s not a casual game you can dip into. studious people will fare the best as they pore over player’s manuals and various guidebooks and tons of resources online. but once you reach a point where you at least vaguely understand what’s going on — and you try it out for real — it becomes a thrilling and intense experience.
all that being said, trying out the game not something nobody can really embark on by themselves. which is why morty eventually tries to force rick into teaching him the game with a morty adventure card. but rick doesn’t even need to be forced because he loves the game.
rick walks morty through the process of rolling up a character and refreshingly admits d&d’s “dirty little secret,” that everyone re-rolls for their characters. but of course morty dies seven times while playing classic 1st edition with some of rick’s elderly friends. watching them get super into the role-playing aspects waving their magic staves and investigating shimmering pools of magic water is pretty chuckleworthy.
all of these carefully planted details genuinely capture the experience of playing dungeons & dragons, and that’s perhaps the best thing about this crossover. things go from great to even better when rick cooks up a way to up the stakes even further, and things get more dire than they’ve ever been when they enter what’s essentially dungeons & dragons world.
but that’s mostly a story for the next issue.
rick and morty vs. dungeons & dragons will be available on august 29, 2018.


text:
2013-03-27 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=32073395&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US9427916(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2017-11-14 US case 1:17-cv-01646 filed litigation https://portal.unifiedpatents.com/litigation/Delaware%20District%20Court/case/1%3A17-cv-01646 Source: District Court Jurisdiction: Delaware District Court "Unified Patents Litigation Data" by Unified Patents is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Provided is a method for creating a physical teeth model. Further, the method includes providing a virtual three dimensional (3D) representation of a patient's dentition that includes at least a region of the teeth that includes a tooth stump on which a crown is to be fitted or a region on to which a bridge is to be fitted; and preparing a physical model of the jaws of a subject from a blank, based on information from said virtual 3D image.
This application is a Continuation application filed under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/633,417, filed on Dec. 5, 2006, which was a Continuation application filed under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/676,257, filed on Oct. 2, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,220,124, which was an application claiming the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/415,931, filed on Oct. 3, 2002, and which was an application claiming the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/422,782, filed on Oct. 31, 2002, the content of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
A virtual three-dimensional (3D) image is obtained e.g. in the manner as described in PCT publication No. WO97/03622 or PCT publication No. WO00/08415.
Digital data representing a virtual teeth model may be obtained by a variety of methods, such as that described in PCT Application No. PCT/IL96/00036 (publication No. WO97/03622) and in PCT Application No. PCT/IL99/00431 (publication No. WO00/08415). The virtual three-dimensional image may be manipulated, for example, in a manner described in PCT Application No. PCT/IL99/00577 (publication No. WO00/25677). In particular, the virtual three-dimensional (3D) image is obtained by utilizing a physical negative teeth model, e.g. a negative teeth model that comprises the teeth impression by means of an impression matrix. The physical negative teeth model may be used as such, thus providing digital negative representation of the patient's dentition, from which a digital positive representation of the patient's dentition may be digitally obtained. Alternatively, the physical negative teeth model may be used to prepare a physical positive teeth model, from which a digital positive teeth representation is provided.
After the virtual image is generated, the display is typically a computerized display, provided with software permitting the technician to visualize the virtual image from different angles. As will be appreciated, the invention is not limited to any specific display means and any means for presenting the image such as, for example, in a printed format, on a computer display screen, etc., may be employed in accordance with the invention.
Reference is now being made to FIG. 2 showing a system generally designated 40. In FIG. 2, like components to those shown in FIG. 1, are given the same reference numerals shifted by 20 (namely component 42, for example, is functionally identical to component 22 in FIG. 1). System 40 of FIG. 2 includes an apparatus 50 that is used to construct a physical model utilizing digital data received from software utility 48. For this purpose, a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling machine 50 may be used. However, the invention is not limited to the use of a CNC machine and any other CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) technology that can produce a physical model out of virtual data may be used.
It should be noted that the physical model generated by device 40 might be a positive model or alternatively, a negative model. FIG. 3 shows plaster cast members 100 and 102 fabricated according to the invention and representing the upper and lower jaws, respectively. The members 100 and 102 can be mounted on an articulator 104 to simulate the proper occlusion relation. For that both members have articulator engagement portions 106 with reference holes 108 that can be registered with holes 110 engagement bit 112 of articulator 104, which engagement is through pins 114. The engagement portion 106 with the reference holes 108, are initially defined in the virtual 3D image. In this model the proper inter-jaw occlusion are first defined, as explained above, and after the proper inter-jaw occlusion is determined, the virtual 3D model may be virtually combined with an articulator to define the articulator-engagement portion with its reference holes. This is then included in the digital file used to produce the plaster model. The reference holes may be produced automatically by the milling machine. However, the reference holes may be difficult to produce by the milling machine and may need to be produced after milling, as a separate step, for example, based on markings produced automatically during the milling procedure.
wherein one or more of a first plurality of first positioning reference components or a second plurality of second positioning reference components are formed to allow the first plurality of first positioning reference components to come into reversible contact with the second plurality of second positioning reference components in a fixed spatial relationship to thereby provide the occlusion alignment between the lower teeth of the lower arch model and the upper teeth of the upper arch model based on said modified virtual 3D representation.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein said model is a plaster model.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein said model is a positive teeth model.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual 3D representation comprises a dental region on which a dental appliance is to be fitted, and wherein the dental appliance is a crown or a bridge, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the crown is to be fitted or a region on to which a bridge is to be fitted.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual 3D representation comprises a dental region on which a dental appliance is to be fitted, and wherein the dental appliance is a crown, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the crown is to be fitted.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual 3D representation comprises a dental region on which a dental appliance is to be fitted, and wherein the dental appliance is a bridge, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the bridge is to be fitted.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first alignment structure and the second alignment structure are arranged to place the upper teeth in contact with the lower teeth of the physical model upon engagement of the first plurality of first positioning reference components with the second plurality of second positioning reference components.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first alignment structure comprises three positioning reference components.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the second alignment structure comprises three positioning reference components.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of first positioning reference components and the second plurality of second positioning reference components comprise end abutments and matching recesses.
wherein each of the first plurality of positioning reference components is shaped to fit a corresponding second reference component of the second plurality of positioning reference components in order to define the occlusion alignment with the first plurality of integral alignment structures and the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment structures.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the dental appliance is a crown, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the crown is to be fitted.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the dental appliance is a bridge, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the bridge is to be fitted.
14. The system of claim 11, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment structures and the second plurality of integral alignment structures are arranged to place the upper teeth in contact with the lower teeth of the physical model upon engagement of the first plurality of integral alignment structures with the second plurality of integral alignment structures.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment structures comprises three positioning reference components.
16. The system of claim 11, wherein the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment structures comprises three positioning reference components.
17. The system of claim 11, wherein the first plurality of positioning reference components and the second plurality of positioning reference components comprise end abutments and matching recesses.
wherein the first plurality of positioning reference components and the second plurality of positioning reference components comprise end abutments and matching recesses.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment arms and the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment arms are arranged to place the upper teeth in contact with the lower teeth of the physical model upon engagement of the first plurality of integral alignment arms with the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment arms.
20. The system of claim 18, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment arms comprises three positioning reference components.
21. The system of claim 18, wherein the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment arms comprises three positioning reference components.
Baumrind, "A System for Craniofacial Mapping Through the Integration of Data from Stereo X-Ray Films and Stereo Photographs," an invited paper submitted to the 1975 American Society of Photogram Symposium on Close-Range Photogram Systems, University of III, Aug. 26-30, 1975, pp. 142-166.
Bernard et al.," Computerized Diagnosis in Orthodontics for Epidemiological Studies: A ProgressReport," Abstract, J. Dental Res. Special Issue, vol. 67, p. 169, paper presented at International Association for Dental Research 66th General Session, Mar. 9-13, 1988, Montreal, Canada.
Futterling et al., "Automated Finite Element Modeling of a Human Mandible with Dental Implants," WSCG '98-Conference Program, retrieved from the Internet: , 8 pages.

lowercased:
2013-03-27 first worldwide family litigation filed litigation critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=32073395&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=us9427916(b2) "global patent litigation dataset” by darts-ip is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4.0 international license.
2017-11-14 us case 1:17-cv-01646 filed litigation https://portal.unifiedpatents.com/litigation/delaware%20district%20court/case/1%3a17-cv-01646 source: district court jurisdiction: delaware district court "unified patents litigation data" by unified patents is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4.0 international license.
provided is a method for creating a physical teeth model. further, the method includes providing a virtual three dimensional (3d) representation of a patient's dentition that includes at least a region of the teeth that includes a tooth stump on which a crown is to be fitted or a region on to which a bridge is to be fitted; and preparing a physical model of the jaws of a subject from a blank, based on information from said virtual 3d image.
this application is a continuation application filed under 35 u.s.c. §120 of u.s. patent application ser. no. 11/633,417, filed on dec. 5, 2006, which was a continuation application filed under 35 u.s.c. §120 of u.s. patent application ser. no. 10/676,257, filed on oct. 2, 2003, now u.s. pat. no. 7,220,124, which was an application claiming the benefit under 35 u.s.c. §119(e) of u.s. provisional application no. 60/415,931, filed on oct. 3, 2002, and which was an application claiming the benefit under 35 u.s.c. §119(e) of u.s. provisional application no. 60/422,782, filed on oct. 31, 2002, the content of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
a virtual three-dimensional (3d) image is obtained e.g. in the manner as described in pct publication no. wo97/03622 or pct publication no. wo00/08415.
digital data representing a virtual teeth model may be obtained by a variety of methods, such as that described in pct application no. pct/il96/00036 (publication no. wo97/03622) and in pct application no. pct/il99/00431 (publication no. wo00/08415). the virtual three-dimensional image may be manipulated, for example, in a manner described in pct application no. pct/il99/00577 (publication no. wo00/25677). in particular, the virtual three-dimensional (3d) image is obtained by utilizing a physical negative teeth model, e.g. a negative teeth model that comprises the teeth impression by means of an impression matrix. the physical negative teeth model may be used as such, thus providing digital negative representation of the patient's dentition, from which a digital positive representation of the patient's dentition may be digitally obtained. alternatively, the physical negative teeth model may be used to prepare a physical positive teeth model, from which a digital positive teeth representation is provided.
after the virtual image is generated, the display is typically a computerized display, provided with software permitting the technician to visualize the virtual image from different angles. as will be appreciated, the invention is not limited to any specific display means and any means for presenting the image such as, for example, in a printed format, on a computer display screen, etc., may be employed in accordance with the invention.
reference is now being made to fig. 2 showing a system generally designated 40. in fig. 2, like components to those shown in fig. 1, are given the same reference numerals shifted by 20 (namely component 42, for example, is functionally identical to component 22 in fig. 1). system 40 of fig. 2 includes an apparatus 50 that is used to construct a physical model utilizing digital data received from software utility 48. for this purpose, a computer numerical control (cnc) milling machine 50 may be used. however, the invention is not limited to the use of a cnc machine and any other cam (computer aided manufacturing) technology that can produce a physical model out of virtual data may be used.
it should be noted that the physical model generated by device 40 might be a positive model or alternatively, a negative model. fig. 3 shows plaster cast members 100 and 102 fabricated according to the invention and representing the upper and lower jaws, respectively. the members 100 and 102 can be mounted on an articulator 104 to simulate the proper occlusion relation. for that both members have articulator engagement portions 106 with reference holes 108 that can be registered with holes 110 engagement bit 112 of articulator 104, which engagement is through pins 114. the engagement portion 106 with the reference holes 108, are initially defined in the virtual 3d image. in this model the proper inter-jaw occlusion are first defined, as explained above, and after the proper inter-jaw occlusion is determined, the virtual 3d model may be virtually combined with an articulator to define the articulator-engagement portion with its reference holes. this is then included in the digital file used to produce the plaster model. the reference holes may be produced automatically by the milling machine. however, the reference holes may be difficult to produce by the milling machine and may need to be produced after milling, as a separate step, for example, based on markings produced automatically during the milling procedure.
wherein one or more of a first plurality of first positioning reference components or a second plurality of second positioning reference components are formed to allow the first plurality of first positioning reference components to come into reversible contact with the second plurality of second positioning reference components in a fixed spatial relationship to thereby provide the occlusion alignment between the lower teeth of the lower arch model and the upper teeth of the upper arch model based on said modified virtual 3d representation.
2. the system according to claim 1, wherein said model is a plaster model.
3. the system according to claim 1, wherein said model is a positive teeth model.
4. the system of claim 1, wherein the virtual 3d representation comprises a dental region on which a dental appliance is to be fitted, and wherein the dental appliance is a crown or a bridge, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the crown is to be fitted or a region on to which a bridge is to be fitted.
5. the system of claim 1, wherein the virtual 3d representation comprises a dental region on which a dental appliance is to be fitted, and wherein the dental appliance is a crown, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the crown is to be fitted.
6. the system of claim 1, wherein the virtual 3d representation comprises a dental region on which a dental appliance is to be fitted, and wherein the dental appliance is a bridge, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the bridge is to be fitted.
7. the system of claim 1, wherein the first alignment structure and the second alignment structure are arranged to place the upper teeth in contact with the lower teeth of the physical model upon engagement of the first plurality of first positioning reference components with the second plurality of second positioning reference components.
8. the system of claim 1, wherein the first alignment structure comprises three positioning reference components.
9. the system of claim 1, wherein the second alignment structure comprises three positioning reference components.
10. the system of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of first positioning reference components and the second plurality of second positioning reference components comprise end abutments and matching recesses.
wherein each of the first plurality of positioning reference components is shaped to fit a corresponding second reference component of the second plurality of positioning reference components in order to define the occlusion alignment with the first plurality of integral alignment structures and the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment structures.
12. the system of claim 11, wherein the dental appliance is a crown, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the crown is to be fitted.
13. the system of claim 11, wherein the dental appliance is a bridge, and wherein said dental region includes a tooth stump on which the bridge is to be fitted.
14. the system of claim 11, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment structures and the second plurality of integral alignment structures are arranged to place the upper teeth in contact with the lower teeth of the physical model upon engagement of the first plurality of integral alignment structures with the second plurality of integral alignment structures.
15. the system of claim 11, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment structures comprises three positioning reference components.
16. the system of claim 11, wherein the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment structures comprises three positioning reference components.
17. the system of claim 11, wherein the first plurality of positioning reference components and the second plurality of positioning reference components comprise end abutments and matching recesses.
wherein the first plurality of positioning reference components and the second plurality of positioning reference components comprise end abutments and matching recesses.
19. the system of claim 18, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment arms and the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment arms are arranged to place the upper teeth in contact with the lower teeth of the physical model upon engagement of the first plurality of integral alignment arms with the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment arms.
20. the system of claim 18, wherein the first plurality of integral alignment arms comprises three positioning reference components.
21. the system of claim 18, wherein the second plurality of corresponding integral alignment arms comprises three positioning reference components.
baumrind, "a system for craniofacial mapping through the integration of data from stereo x-ray films and stereo photographs," an invited paper submitted to the 1975 american society of photogram symposium on close-range photogram systems, university of iii, aug. 26-30, 1975, pp. 142-166.
bernard et al.," computerized diagnosis in orthodontics for epidemiological studies: a progressreport," abstract, j. dental res. special issue, vol. 67, p. 169, paper presented at international association for dental research 66th general session, mar. 9-13, 1988, montreal, canada.
futterling et al., "automated finite element modeling of a human mandible with dental implants," wscg '98-conference program, retrieved from the internet: , 8 pages.


text:
We’re in the midst of an unfolding revolution in transportation technology, thanks to the advent of transportation network companies. By harnessing cheap and ubiquitous communication technology, Uber and other firms organizing what they call “ride sharing” services have not only disrupted the taxi business, but are starting to change the way we think about transportation. While we think of disruption here as being primarily driven by new technology, the kinds of institutional arrangements–laws and regulations–that govern transportation will profoundly determine what gains are realized, and who wins or loses.
Right now, Uber has an estimated market value (judging by what recent investors have paid for their stake in the company) of nearly $70 billion. That’s a whopping number, larger in fact than say, carmakers like Ford and GM. It’s an especially high valuation for a company that has neither turned a profit nor gone public, thus subjecting its financial results to more outside scrutiny. Uber’s generous valuation has to be based on the expectation that it’s going to be a very, very large and profitable firm, and that it will be as dominant in its market as other famous tech firms–like Microsoft or Google–have been.
For a moment, it’s worth thinking about the critical role of competition in shaping technology adoption and maximizing consumer value. Take the rapidly changing cell phone industry, which has increasingly replaced the old wire-line telephony of the pre-digital era. Back in the day, phone service—especially local phone service—was a regulated monopoly. It barely changed for decades—the two biggest innovations were princess phones (don’t ask) and touch-tone dialing.
Or consider the case of Intel, which because of a quirk of US Defense Department requirements was obligated to “second source” licenses for some of its key microprocessor technologies to rival Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Second-sourcing required Intel to share some of its intellectual property with a rival firm so that the military would have multiple and redundant sources of essential technologies. This kept AMD in the market as a “fast follower” and prompted Intel to continuously improve the speed and capability of its microprocessors.
Uber’s first-mover advantages and market share arguably give it a market edge; drivers want to work for Uber because it has the largest customer base and customers prefer Uber because it has more drivers. More cars mean shorter waits for customers, which attracts more customers to Uber and therefore generates more income for its drivers. This positive feedback loop can help drive up market share for Uber at the expense of its competitors. Whether this happens depends two things: how powerful are these network effects and whether effective competitors emerge.
Antitrust is a live issue with Uber. The company has famously disclaimed that Uber drivers are its employees—asserting, instead, that they are “independent contractors”—businesses separate from Uber. But this has led some to argue that Uber is collaborating with its drivers to fix prices, which may constitute a violation of antitrust laws. The argument is that the Uber app —which presents all customers with the same rate and gives supposedly independent drivers no opportunity to offer different prices (and no opportunity for customers to bargain) — represents technology-enabled price fixing. This may especially be a problem for “surge pricing,” when every driver effectively raises her price at the same time (something that would be impossible to accomplish absent the technology).
But others question whether the market power afforded by these network externalities extend beyond local markets. Bloomberg View’s Justin Fox argues that the scope of network effects probably doesn’t exceed metropolitan markets. Except possibly for business travelers or tourists, Uber’s market share in some far away city is of little importance to travelers in Peoria. This may increasingly become true as these services become more widespread—it’s still the case that 85 percent of Americans have never used Uber or Lyft, and the 15 percent who have used the services are wealthier, better educated, and probably less price sensitive than those who haven’t used these services yet.
The big news in the ride sharing business this year was a referendum in Austin on the city’s proposed requirement that all contract drivers be fingerprinted. Uber and Lyft went to the political mat, spending $8.4 million on a campaign to defeat the requirement (the most expensive local political campaign in Austin history by far). The centerpiece of their campaign was a threat to pull out of Austin if the requirement took effect. They lost 56 to 44 percent, and both have followed through on their threat. But in their wake, a number of smaller companies and startups have stepped into the gap. (It’s hard to think of a place that is more entrepreneurial and tech savvy; other communities might not have seen such a response.) According to the Texas Tribune, there are now half dozen companies offering ride sharing services, with a range of pricing, technology, and business models. The lucrative New York market has also attracted a new entrant, Juno. It aims to attract Uber and Lyft’s highest rated drivers by offering them a chance to own equity in the firm. Nothing guarantees that any of these competitors will survive. Already, Uber’s largest domestic rival, Lyft, has put itself up for sale.
There’s nothing foreordained about what shape the marketplace for transportation network companies or ride sharing will look like. There could be one dominant firm—Uber—or many competing firms. It’s actually very much in the interests of cities to encourage a large number of rivals. Economically, competition is likely to be good for consumers and for innovation. Having lots of different firms offer service—and also compete for drivers—is likely to drive down the share of revenue that goes to these digital intermediaries. And as the experience of Austin shows, having just one or two principal providers of ride sharing services means that they can credibly threaten to pull out of a market, and thereby shape public policy. With more competitors, such threats are less credible and effective, as pulling out would usually just mean conceding the market to those who remain.

lowercased:
we’re in the midst of an unfolding revolution in transportation technology, thanks to the advent of transportation network companies. by harnessing cheap and ubiquitous communication technology, uber and other firms organizing what they call “ride sharing” services have not only disrupted the taxi business, but are starting to change the way we think about transportation. while we think of disruption here as being primarily driven by new technology, the kinds of institutional arrangements–laws and regulations–that govern transportation will profoundly determine what gains are realized, and who wins or loses.
right now, uber has an estimated market value (judging by what recent investors have paid for their stake in the company) of nearly $70 billion. that’s a whopping number, larger in fact than say, carmakers like ford and gm. it’s an especially high valuation for a company that has neither turned a profit nor gone public, thus subjecting its financial results to more outside scrutiny. uber’s generous valuation has to be based on the expectation that it’s going to be a very, very large and profitable firm, and that it will be as dominant in its market as other famous tech firms–like microsoft or google–have been.
for a moment, it’s worth thinking about the critical role of competition in shaping technology adoption and maximizing consumer value. take the rapidly changing cell phone industry, which has increasingly replaced the old wire-line telephony of the pre-digital era. back in the day, phone service—especially local phone service—was a regulated monopoly. it barely changed for decades—the two biggest innovations were princess phones (don’t ask) and touch-tone dialing.
or consider the case of intel, which because of a quirk of us defense department requirements was obligated to “second source” licenses for some of its key microprocessor technologies to rival advanced micro devices (amd). second-sourcing required intel to share some of its intellectual property with a rival firm so that the military would have multiple and redundant sources of essential technologies. this kept amd in the market as a “fast follower” and prompted intel to continuously improve the speed and capability of its microprocessors.
uber’s first-mover advantages and market share arguably give it a market edge; drivers want to work for uber because it has the largest customer base and customers prefer uber because it has more drivers. more cars mean shorter waits for customers, which attracts more customers to uber and therefore generates more income for its drivers. this positive feedback loop can help drive up market share for uber at the expense of its competitors. whether this happens depends two things: how powerful are these network effects and whether effective competitors emerge.
antitrust is a live issue with uber. the company has famously disclaimed that uber drivers are its employees—asserting, instead, that they are “independent contractors”—businesses separate from uber. but this has led some to argue that uber is collaborating with its drivers to fix prices, which may constitute a violation of antitrust laws. the argument is that the uber app —which presents all customers with the same rate and gives supposedly independent drivers no opportunity to offer different prices (and no opportunity for customers to bargain) — represents technology-enabled price fixing. this may especially be a problem for “surge pricing,” when every driver effectively raises her price at the same time (something that would be impossible to accomplish absent the technology).
but others question whether the market power afforded by these network externalities extend beyond local markets. bloomberg view’s justin fox argues that the scope of network effects probably doesn’t exceed metropolitan markets. except possibly for business travelers or tourists, uber’s market share in some far away city is of little importance to travelers in peoria. this may increasingly become true as these services become more widespread—it’s still the case that 85 percent of americans have never used uber or lyft, and the 15 percent who have used the services are wealthier, better educated, and probably less price sensitive than those who haven’t used these services yet.
the big news in the ride sharing business this year was a referendum in austin on the city’s proposed requirement that all contract drivers be fingerprinted. uber and lyft went to the political mat, spending $8.4 million on a campaign to defeat the requirement (the most expensive local political campaign in austin history by far). the centerpiece of their campaign was a threat to pull out of austin if the requirement took effect. they lost 56 to 44 percent, and both have followed through on their threat. but in their wake, a number of smaller companies and startups have stepped into the gap. (it’s hard to think of a place that is more entrepreneurial and tech savvy; other communities might not have seen such a response.) according to the texas tribune, there are now half dozen companies offering ride sharing services, with a range of pricing, technology, and business models. the lucrative new york market has also attracted a new entrant, juno. it aims to attract uber and lyft’s highest rated drivers by offering them a chance to own equity in the firm. nothing guarantees that any of these competitors will survive. already, uber’s largest domestic rival, lyft, has put itself up for sale.
there’s nothing foreordained about what shape the marketplace for transportation network companies or ride sharing will look like. there could be one dominant firm—uber—or many competing firms. it’s actually very much in the interests of cities to encourage a large number of rivals. economically, competition is likely to be good for consumers and for innovation. having lots of different firms offer service—and also compete for drivers—is likely to drive down the share of revenue that goes to these digital intermediaries. and as the experience of austin shows, having just one or two principal providers of ride sharing services means that they can credibly threaten to pull out of a market, and thereby shape public policy. with more competitors, such threats are less credible and effective, as pulling out would usually just mean conceding the market to those who remain.


text: There are many choices like to work as a media diver, biological diver, maritime science diver, tourism diver and so on. Select what ever you want but if you do strategy to turn out to be a diver then a course from PADI IDC is for you should go for in purchase to take the first stage. Being a professional scuba diver is a complete time occupation and be prepared to function difficult. With good training and encounter, you will be able to succeed. In your scuba just click the next web page at PADI IDC, which extends from 6 months to 12 months, you will be offered concept and sensible classes both.This is exactly where you learn the abilities to steer clear of you obtaining into a possibly dangerous place from you lack of understanding. There are so many issues that the newbie diver requirements to remember and comprehend.Sports are a large part of the average American's life. As such, when many go on vacation, they like to go see a sports activities group perform. If you vacation padi course in Pittsburgh, you'll have this chance. It doesn't make a difference if you go on holiday in Pittsburgh throughout the winter, spring, summer or drop, there's usually fantastic groups to go see perform. Groups like the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Pittsburgh Penguins are correct in the metropolis, whilst groups like the Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia 76ers are just a little bit away from Pittsburgh.As a diver peering off the aspect of reef or down into the depths of a stunning wreck, it is difficult not to get lured past the 60 ft your Open Water Certification qualifies you for. Open up Water Diver provides you the coaching wheels you need to begin your diving in a secure and enjoyable manner. Nevertheless, it gained't consider lengthy before deeper diving calls to you. Getting the advanced degree coaching you need to safely execute recreational dives to one hundred thirty feet (40m) is an important component of your diving journey. A great diver is usually learning!The tropical dive retailers often provide scuba diving singapore classes of Oahu's fairly sea floors. The hundreds of tropical fish that will abound are outstanding and spectacular to watch. A educated instructor will be at every store, so your utmost safety is all but totally guaranteed. For the less established individual, snorkeling is a great way to see Oahu's underwater sights with out getting to dive much. Other exquisite activities that Oahu is known for are para-sailing, sky diving, and wave browsing.The full encounter scuba masks are a couple of the most costly. Still, they are also some of the most useful to make use of. These are designed to cover the person's whole face. This assists to maintain the water out completely and has a mouthpiece built into the mask. This tends to make it a lot easier for the diver to consider a breath. Expert divers are generally the only individuals who will make use of these.Snorkeling: Snorkeling is a way to study marine life in a tranquil way. It does require a small know how but compared to scuba diving singapore is less and can become a family members activity as well. Here you require to wear a drinking water mask and swim fins and a tube known as snorkel to swim peacefully discover underwater.OK, now we can do our verify, but when should we do it? Some say at the starting of our dive and some say at the end of our dive, I say it does not make a difference, simply because. If you use this formulation (@sea level) you can easily determine the weight of air in your cylinder.Missoula, Montana is surrounded by rivers, ponds, and lakes, and as a outcome the city provides a broad selection of drinking water-primarily based recreation such as: white water rafting, skiing, snorkeling, swimming, and boating opportunities. To totally appreciate the metropolis's wild recreation opportunities it is a great concept to brush up on your swimming and scuba abilities prior to the summertime. When searching at exactly where you should consider classes you require to identify lessons that are structured for security and that cater to the level of swimmer that you are, whether it be a novice, intermediate swimmer, or sophisticated swimmer.Parasailing: Although a beach setting is not mandatory for parasailing but a beach will offer you a distinctive encounter of flying in air and taking pleasure in a view of waters airborne. For parasailing on a seaside, the individual (or individuals) who will do parasailing (known as parascender) will initial be connected to a parachute known as parasail. Then one of end of rope will be tied to him and other end will be tied to a boat. The boat will be turned on and it will get going and alongside with it the person attached will consider to airs (like a kite).You can see lots of people indulging in parasailing these times as you do not require a lot training for it.Sports are a big part of the typical American's lifestyle. As such, when many go on holiday, they like to go see a sports team play. If you holiday in Pittsburgh, you'll have this opportunity. It doesn't make a difference if you go on holiday in Pittsburgh during the winter, spring, summer or fall, there's always fantastic teams to go see play. Groups like the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Pittsburgh Penguins are correct in the city, whilst groups like the Philadelphia Phillies and Philadelphia 76ers are just a small bit absent from Pittsburgh.

lowercased: there are many choices like to work as a media diver, biological diver, maritime science diver, tourism diver and so on. select what ever you want but if you do strategy to turn out to be a diver then a course from padi idc is for you should go for in purchase to take the first stage. being a professional scuba diver is a complete time occupation and be prepared to function difficult. with good training and encounter, you will be able to succeed. in your scuba just click the next web page at padi idc, which extends from 6 months to 12 months, you will be offered concept and sensible classes both.this is exactly where you learn the abilities to steer clear of you obtaining into a possibly dangerous place from you lack of understanding. there are so many issues that the newbie diver requirements to remember and comprehend.sports are a large part of the average american's life. as such, when many go on vacation, they like to go see a sports activities group perform. if you vacation padi course in pittsburgh, you'll have this chance. it doesn't make a difference if you go on holiday in pittsburgh throughout the winter, spring, summer or drop, there's usually fantastic groups to go see perform. groups like the pittsburgh steelers and the pittsburgh penguins are correct in the metropolis, whilst groups like the philadelphia phillies and philadelphia 76ers are just a little bit away from pittsburgh.as a diver peering off the aspect of reef or down into the depths of a stunning wreck, it is difficult not to get lured past the 60 ft your open water certification qualifies you for. open up water diver provides you the coaching wheels you need to begin your diving in a secure and enjoyable manner. nevertheless, it gained't consider lengthy before deeper diving calls to you. getting the advanced degree coaching you need to safely execute recreational dives to one hundred thirty feet (40m) is an important component of your diving journey. a great diver is usually learning!the tropical dive retailers often provide scuba diving singapore classes of oahu's fairly sea floors. the hundreds of tropical fish that will abound are outstanding and spectacular to watch. a educated instructor will be at every store, so your utmost safety is all but totally guaranteed. for the less established individual, snorkeling is a great way to see oahu's underwater sights with out getting to dive much. other exquisite activities that oahu is known for are para-sailing, sky diving, and wave browsing.the full encounter scuba masks are a couple of the most costly. still, they are also some of the most useful to make use of. these are designed to cover the person's whole face. this assists to maintain the water out completely and has a mouthpiece built into the mask. this tends to make it a lot easier for the diver to consider a breath. expert divers are generally the only individuals who will make use of these.snorkeling: snorkeling is a way to study marine life in a tranquil way. it does require a small know how but compared to scuba diving singapore is less and can become a family members activity as well. here you require to wear a drinking water mask and swim fins and a tube known as snorkel to swim peacefully discover underwater.ok, now we can do our verify, but when should we do it? some say at the starting of our dive and some say at the end of our dive, i say it does not make a difference, simply because. if you use this formulation (@sea level) you can easily determine the weight of air in your cylinder.missoula, montana is surrounded by rivers, ponds, and lakes, and as a outcome the city provides a broad selection of drinking water-primarily based recreation such as: white water rafting, skiing, snorkeling, swimming, and boating opportunities. to totally appreciate the metropolis's wild recreation opportunities it is a great concept to brush up on your swimming and scuba abilities prior to the summertime. when searching at exactly where you should consider classes you require to identify lessons that are structured for security and that cater to the level of swimmer that you are, whether it be a novice, intermediate swimmer, or sophisticated swimmer.parasailing: although a beach setting is not mandatory for parasailing but a beach will offer you a distinctive encounter of flying in air and taking pleasure in a view of waters airborne. for parasailing on a seaside, the individual (or individuals) who will do parasailing (known as parascender) will initial be connected to a parachute known as parasail. then one of end of rope will be tied to him and other end will be tied to a boat. the boat will be turned on and it will get going and alongside with it the person attached will consider to airs (like a kite).you can see lots of people indulging in parasailing these times as you do not require a lot training for it.sports are a big part of the typical american's lifestyle. as such, when many go on holiday, they like to go see a sports team play. if you holiday in pittsburgh, you'll have this opportunity. it doesn't make a difference if you go on holiday in pittsburgh during the winter, spring, summer or fall, there's always fantastic teams to go see play. groups like the pittsburgh steelers and the pittsburgh penguins are correct in the city, whilst groups like the philadelphia phillies and philadelphia 76ers are just a small bit absent from pittsburgh.


text:
Published 04/19/2019 06:23:56 am at 04/19/2019 06:23:56 am in Who Can Test For Asbestos.
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lowercased:
published 04/19/2019 06:23:56 am at 04/19/2019 06:23:56 am in who can test for asbestos.
who can test for asbestos sales copy asbestos watch brisbane who can test for asbestos in home.
who can test for asbestos in home,who can test for asbestos ukm,who can i get to test for asbestos,who can test for asbestos uk top,who can test for asbestos uk visa,who can test popcorn ceilings for asbestos,who can test for asbestos ukzn,who can test flooring for asbestos,who can test for asbestos ukutabs,who can test for asbestos uke,who can test for asbestos ukulele.


text:
I did a layout for the Summer Camp Rock in Scrapbook Deals 4U, but a bit too late to load it into the gallery before due time. Anyway, I am glad that I managed to do a layout base on the challenge, else I will not even scrap those photos. You can read about the challenge here.
Here is what I came up with using Basic Grey Kioshi Paper.
Photos were taken on 29 Dec, 2007 in China. Those cute crochet flowers are from Dear Lizzy line, aren’t they just cute!? I’ve bought more of such crochet flower from an Etsy Shop here.
I got this idea of using a frame for those crochet flowers from Piradee on this layout of her. Thanks Piradee!
To make the title pop up from the busy background, I’ve doodle around the letters to make them more prominent.
Now I’m off to solve the Scavenger Hunt over in Scrapbook Deals 4U.
Product used: Basic Grey Kioshi PP, letter stickers, ribbon doilies, K&Company die-cut stickers frames, AC Dear Lizzy crochet flowers, Pink Paislee Queen Bee bella brads, October Afternoon Trift Shop label stickers, Tim Holtz distressing ink and Doodlebug DesignIinc. pigment ink.
gorgeous.love the crochet flowers too.
love the doilies! i am so addicted to sweetvintage stuff too!

lowercased:
i did a layout for the summer camp rock in scrapbook deals 4u, but a bit too late to load it into the gallery before due time. anyway, i am glad that i managed to do a layout base on the challenge, else i will not even scrap those photos. you can read about the challenge here.
here is what i came up with using basic grey kioshi paper.
photos were taken on 29 dec, 2007 in china. those cute crochet flowers are from dear lizzy line, aren’t they just cute!? i’ve bought more of such crochet flower from an etsy shop here.
i got this idea of using a frame for those crochet flowers from piradee on this layout of her. thanks piradee!
to make the title pop up from the busy background, i’ve doodle around the letters to make them more prominent.
now i’m off to solve the scavenger hunt over in scrapbook deals 4u.
product used: basic grey kioshi pp, letter stickers, ribbon doilies, k&company die-cut stickers frames, ac dear lizzy crochet flowers, pink paislee queen bee bella brads, october afternoon trift shop label stickers, tim holtz distressing ink and doodlebug designiinc. pigment ink.
gorgeous.love the crochet flowers too.
love the doilies! i am so addicted to sweetvintage stuff too!


text:
Italian kitchens can be other types of kitchen that you can apply for your own kitchen. As its name, this type of kitchen will bring the feel of Italia, when you step your feet on it. You will feel joy as you feel that you cook in the Italian surrounding. Try it!
If you want to make this type of kitchen for your own kitchen, then there are so many things to prepare. You know, all of the things must be prepared well, so your kitchen with Italian theme will be exactly the same as the one that has been placed in Italia. For example, you have to prepare the floor, the wall, and the ceiling that will match with the theme. All of them can’t crash with each other. Other than that, the furniture and materials in the kitchen must be thought well, too. The one that can bring the Italian feeling will suit it the most.
Above all of them, if you want to apply this type of kitchen, there is one important thing that you must do. Think and arrange your budget well, as this type of kitchen will cost more than the usual kitchen.

lowercased:
italian kitchens can be other types of kitchen that you can apply for your own kitchen. as its name, this type of kitchen will bring the feel of italia, when you step your feet on it. you will feel joy as you feel that you cook in the italian surrounding. try it!
if you want to make this type of kitchen for your own kitchen, then there are so many things to prepare. you know, all of the things must be prepared well, so your kitchen with italian theme will be exactly the same as the one that has been placed in italia. for example, you have to prepare the floor, the wall, and the ceiling that will match with the theme. all of them can’t crash with each other. other than that, the furniture and materials in the kitchen must be thought well, too. the one that can bring the italian feeling will suit it the most.
above all of them, if you want to apply this type of kitchen, there is one important thing that you must do. think and arrange your budget well, as this type of kitchen will cost more than the usual kitchen.


text:
Although not used frequently, there may be call to create paint effects in some jobs. Here is a quick guide to what they are and how to achieve them.
- All techniques that involve dabbing can be varied by turning the wrist as you work to create a random pattern.
- If brush marks in the glaze interfere with your pattern, break them up by dabbing lightly with a sponge or stipple them out with a stippling brush.
- Prevent a build-up of glaze on tools by rinsing or squeezing out regularly.
- Wash tools and equipment in soap and water; acrylics are difficult to remove when dry.
- High temperature, low humidity and thin applications result in shorter open and drying times. Low temperature, high humidity and heavy applications result in longer open and drying times.
- Base coat temperature will affect open and drying times: beware of condensation - this will dramatically extend drying time.
- Applying glazes to porous surfaces reduces open times considerably.
Different cloths produce different patterns and textures.
Paint effects can use simple techniques but achieve a stunning result.
Colour washing produces a subtle decorative effect. Dab a damp cloth randomly into the surface of the wet glaze to create areas of darker and lighter shades. Edges can then be softened by stroking the surface with the tips of a soft brush to produce a cloudy effect.
Use a graining comb to form lines on the brushed glaze, crossing the line to form a weave, sweeping the hand to form curves or wavy lines.
Dab a damp natural sponge over the surface removing the wet glaze to reveal the base coat. Turn the wrist as you work to produce a random pattern.
When creating paint effects work in a random pattern.
Bunch a damp cloth or rag into a ball to form a crumpled pad and dab into the wet glaze. The texture of the cloth and the way it is gathered will determine the character of the pattern. Ragging is similar to the sponging off process.
The most well known of all broken colourwork techniques. Take a flat lint-free cloth and roll it into a sausage shape. Hold it between the fingertips and starting in one corner, roll the sausage diagonally across the face of the wet glaze. Keep repeating the process, varying the angle to create a random pattern. If any blobs of glaze are left, dab flat with the corner of the cloth.
Different cloths produce different patterns. You can also roll with polythene of different thicknesses. Cloths can produce a subtle texture: polythene creates a much sharper pattern.
Bunch a polythene bag to form a crumpled pad and dab into the wet glaze. This creates a sharper more dramatic pattern in the glaze, similar to ragging.
Dab a dampened natural sponge into the glaze, taking care to remove any surplus on the edge of the container. Then dab the sponge lightly onto the base coat, transferring small spots of glaze to create the desired effect.
Gently dab the tips of a flat-headed brush into the wet glaze with the brush held at right angles to the surface. This technique is a useful way to disguise brush marks and leaves a soft, even finish on walls and furniture.
Sometimes used as base to create other effects, stippling is also a decorative effect in its own right. Large areas require a stippling brush.
Paint effects can be achieved by using a variety of different applicators such as cloths, a sponge and even newspaper.
Paint effects can add depth and contrast to any space.
The technique produces lines in the glaze surface. Holding the brush handle just above the surface, press the bristle length into the wet glaze and drag straight down to reveal a set of parallel lines. Wipe the brush clean after each stroke.
Crumple a sheet of newspaper, open it out and lay it on the surface of the wet glaze. Smooth the paper to leave an imprint but not hard enough to flatten out the creases. Slowly peel back the paper to reveal the pattern.
Different materials create different effects, for example cling film produces veins similar to those in marble.
For more painting ideas, Brewers News and events join the conversation on Facebook and Twitter.

lowercased:
although not used frequently, there may be call to create paint effects in some jobs. here is a quick guide to what they are and how to achieve them.
- all techniques that involve dabbing can be varied by turning the wrist as you work to create a random pattern.
- if brush marks in the glaze interfere with your pattern, break them up by dabbing lightly with a sponge or stipple them out with a stippling brush.
- prevent a build-up of glaze on tools by rinsing or squeezing out regularly.
- wash tools and equipment in soap and water; acrylics are difficult to remove when dry.
- high temperature, low humidity and thin applications result in shorter open and drying times. low temperature, high humidity and heavy applications result in longer open and drying times.
- base coat temperature will affect open and drying times: beware of condensation - this will dramatically extend drying time.
- applying glazes to porous surfaces reduces open times considerably.
different cloths produce different patterns and textures.
paint effects can use simple techniques but achieve a stunning result.
colour washing produces a subtle decorative effect. dab a damp cloth randomly into the surface of the wet glaze to create areas of darker and lighter shades. edges can then be softened by stroking the surface with the tips of a soft brush to produce a cloudy effect.
use a graining comb to form lines on the brushed glaze, crossing the line to form a weave, sweeping the hand to form curves or wavy lines.
dab a damp natural sponge over the surface removing the wet glaze to reveal the base coat. turn the wrist as you work to produce a random pattern.
when creating paint effects work in a random pattern.
bunch a damp cloth or rag into a ball to form a crumpled pad and dab into the wet glaze. the texture of the cloth and the way it is gathered will determine the character of the pattern. ragging is similar to the sponging off process.
the most well known of all broken colourwork techniques. take a flat lint-free cloth and roll it into a sausage shape. hold it between the fingertips and starting in one corner, roll the sausage diagonally across the face of the wet glaze. keep repeating the process, varying the angle to create a random pattern. if any blobs of glaze are left, dab flat with the corner of the cloth.
different cloths produce different patterns. you can also roll with polythene of different thicknesses. cloths can produce a subtle texture: polythene creates a much sharper pattern.
bunch a polythene bag to form a crumpled pad and dab into the wet glaze. this creates a sharper more dramatic pattern in the glaze, similar to ragging.
dab a dampened natural sponge into the glaze, taking care to remove any surplus on the edge of the container. then dab the sponge lightly onto the base coat, transferring small spots of glaze to create the desired effect.
gently dab the tips of a flat-headed brush into the wet glaze with the brush held at right angles to the surface. this technique is a useful way to disguise brush marks and leaves a soft, even finish on walls and furniture.
sometimes used as base to create other effects, stippling is also a decorative effect in its own right. large areas require a stippling brush.
paint effects can be achieved by using a variety of different applicators such as cloths, a sponge and even newspaper.
paint effects can add depth and contrast to any space.
the technique produces lines in the glaze surface. holding the brush handle just above the surface, press the bristle length into the wet glaze and drag straight down to reveal a set of parallel lines. wipe the brush clean after each stroke.
crumple a sheet of newspaper, open it out and lay it on the surface of the wet glaze. smooth the paper to leave an imprint but not hard enough to flatten out the creases. slowly peel back the paper to reveal the pattern.
different materials create different effects, for example cling film produces veins similar to those in marble.
for more painting ideas, brewers news and events join the conversation on facebook and twitter.