text:
Even though there were significant advancements in medical science, cerebral palsy continues to be one of the most severe birth injury conditions associated with medical malpractice occurring during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. These types of birth injuries are usually caused by oxygen deprivation (fetal asphyxia) or brain bleeds (hemorrhaging).
Doctors classify several neurological disorders under cerebral palsy when the condition impairs muscle coordination and body movement. Nearly every child suffering from cerebral palsy was born with the condition and developed its complications in the days or months after their birth because of some form of brain damage. In many cases, the doctor will fail to diagnose the condition for years until the signs of the neurological disorder become more obvious. Usually, cerebral palsy (CP) is non-progressive, meaning it does not become worse over time.
Usually, CP is the result of an injury that occurs during the birthing process or immediately afterward. The condition can be the result of hypoxia, when the brain received insufficient levels of oxygen, ischemia when the brain is given a decreased flow of blood or hemorrhage/trauma which might be the result of injured brain tissue affected by ischemia or hypoxia. In many incidences, cerebral palsy is the result of a breech birth when the child is born feet or buttocks first instead of head first like in a normal delivery.
These types of deliveries can be extremely hazardous to the newborn who often face insurmountable difficulties when traveling through the birth canal and can prolong the birthing process for numerous reasons. In some cases, the physician might try to move the baby manually to a more natural head-first position by using hand manipulation outside of the mother’s abdomen while pushing the baby into a correct position.
Frank Breech – When the newborn’s buttocks exit the birth canal first with the legs flexed at the newborn’s hips and the feet up by the sides of the head.
Footling Breech – When one or both feet exit the birth canal first followed by the knees and buttocks.
Complete Breech – The newborn’s knees and hips are flexed, and a seated cross-legged position with the opposing feet positioned on the sides of the buttocks.
Kneeling Breech – The newborn exits the birthing canal while kneeling with both or one leg extended at the hips.
Does Breech Delivery Increase CP Risk?
A Norwegian study published in BMJ Open journals concern research involving more than 520,000 births of single babies born in full-term without any birth defect. Out of the more than one half million births, nearly 17,000 involved a breech birth delivery. Of these, nearly 8,000 cases were originally planned for vaginal delivery and of those, approximately 5,500 were delivered through the vaginal canal.
The study showed that children birth and a breach position whether through a cesarean section or vaginal delivery developed cerebral palsy at nearly equal rates to infants born in a traditional head down vaginal delivery. However, when the researchers looked at how the infants were delivered, they identified a slightly higher risk among newborns birth through cesarean section.
Those at most risk involved infants born by a cesarean section that were facing in a head down position. The researchers determined that they had a 2.5 times higher risk of cerebral palsy compared to children being birthed face down through the vaginal cavity. The research did show that vaginal breech birth deliveries lead to death more often than other forms of delivery.
Premature and underweight babies are at greater risk of developing neurological disorders including cerebral palsy. Also, pregnancies involving multiple births are at greater risk of developing cerebral palsy when necessary nutrients and oxygen deliveries from the placenta to numerous fetuses are compromised.
Jaundice that can develop into a severe brain damage disorder (kernicterus) that is developed by excessive bilirubin.
Many children with brain malformations developed cerebral palsy typically during fetal development before the 21st week of gestation when the fetus is at highest risk of developing cerebral palsy, brain damage or other medical condition.
Research indicates that approximately one out of every 10 cases involving cerebral palsy for the result of a lack of oxygen.
The unfamiliarity with things or people.
It usually takes the longest amount of time to diagnose a child who suffers the mildest cases of cerebral palsy because many of the indicators are not apparent for months or years. Some children are not diagnosed with their condition until just before they enter school. Catching the early indicators of the late development can help with an early diagnosis of cerebral palsy. If the parent suspects that their child has delayed development because of a compromise motor disorder, it is imperative to get confirmation of the neurological disorder as soon as possible.
Recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics advise parents to have their children screened for developmental growth at nine months, 18 months, and between 24 and 30 months after birth. If the child is displaying abnormal development indicators, the screenings should occur more often. If the doctor identifies early signs of cerebral palsy, they will likely recommend taking the child to a neurologist for further examination and treatment.
Sadly, many children develop CP through medical negligence, errors, and mistakes. While it usually takes a doctor to diagnose serious medical conditions including congenital and acquired cerebral palsy, the physician can also cause brain damage during the mother’s pregnancy, labor, delivery and after the child was born.
Making mistakes during surgical procedures.
Make sure that the pregnant mother keeps every prenatal appointment and undergoes routine medical care. Seeing the doctor regularly can help identify problems associated with neurological disorders early on.
Ensure that the expectant mother keeps all vaccinations up to date especially rubella and chickenpox vaccinations.
Get a check for Rh incompatibility to ensure the expectant mother and the fetus share a compatible blood type to avoid any medical issue that could cause cerebral palsy.
Maintain a healthy weight during pregnancy to avoid elevated levels of insulin, and blood sugar levels that could increase fetal weight and lead to macrosomia for the baby is larger than normal for vaginal delivery.
Taking preventative measures before becoming pregnant and staying healthy throughout the pregnancy, labor and delivery can minimize the potential dangers involved in birthing a baby with congenital or acquired cerebral palsy. Any problems caught early on can provide numerous options to ensure the baby’s health before and after he or she is born.
If your child was diagnosed with neurological disorders including cerebral palsy, it is essential to speak with a medical malpractice attorney specializes in birth injury cases. An attorney working a family’s behalf can ensure that you are adequately compensated for your financial damages to make sure you have enough funds to raise your child who requires extensive care throughout their lifetime. Our team of attorneys assist clients with breech birth injuries that led to cerebral palsy. Let us evaluate your claim for compensation to determine if the injuries your newborn suffered were caused by the negligent or reckless actions of a medical professional.

lowercased:
even though there were significant advancements in medical science, cerebral palsy continues to be one of the most severe birth injury conditions associated with medical malpractice occurring during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. these types of birth injuries are usually caused by oxygen deprivation (fetal asphyxia) or brain bleeds (hemorrhaging).
doctors classify several neurological disorders under cerebral palsy when the condition impairs muscle coordination and body movement. nearly every child suffering from cerebral palsy was born with the condition and developed its complications in the days or months after their birth because of some form of brain damage. in many cases, the doctor will fail to diagnose the condition for years until the signs of the neurological disorder become more obvious. usually, cerebral palsy (cp) is non-progressive, meaning it does not become worse over time.
usually, cp is the result of an injury that occurs during the birthing process or immediately afterward. the condition can be the result of hypoxia, when the brain received insufficient levels of oxygen, ischemia when the brain is given a decreased flow of blood or hemorrhage/trauma which might be the result of injured brain tissue affected by ischemia or hypoxia. in many incidences, cerebral palsy is the result of a breech birth when the child is born feet or buttocks first instead of head first like in a normal delivery.
these types of deliveries can be extremely hazardous to the newborn who often face insurmountable difficulties when traveling through the birth canal and can prolong the birthing process for numerous reasons. in some cases, the physician might try to move the baby manually to a more natural head-first position by using hand manipulation outside of the mother’s abdomen while pushing the baby into a correct position.
frank breech – when the newborn’s buttocks exit the birth canal first with the legs flexed at the newborn’s hips and the feet up by the sides of the head.
footling breech – when one or both feet exit the birth canal first followed by the knees and buttocks.
complete breech – the newborn’s knees and hips are flexed, and a seated cross-legged position with the opposing feet positioned on the sides of the buttocks.
kneeling breech – the newborn exits the birthing canal while kneeling with both or one leg extended at the hips.
does breech delivery increase cp risk?
a norwegian study published in bmj open journals concern research involving more than 520,000 births of single babies born in full-term without any birth defect. out of the more than one half million births, nearly 17,000 involved a breech birth delivery. of these, nearly 8,000 cases were originally planned for vaginal delivery and of those, approximately 5,500 were delivered through the vaginal canal.
the study showed that children birth and a breach position whether through a cesarean section or vaginal delivery developed cerebral palsy at nearly equal rates to infants born in a traditional head down vaginal delivery. however, when the researchers looked at how the infants were delivered, they identified a slightly higher risk among newborns birth through cesarean section.
those at most risk involved infants born by a cesarean section that were facing in a head down position. the researchers determined that they had a 2.5 times higher risk of cerebral palsy compared to children being birthed face down through the vaginal cavity. the research did show that vaginal breech birth deliveries lead to death more often than other forms of delivery.
premature and underweight babies are at greater risk of developing neurological disorders including cerebral palsy. also, pregnancies involving multiple births are at greater risk of developing cerebral palsy when necessary nutrients and oxygen deliveries from the placenta to numerous fetuses are compromised.
jaundice that can develop into a severe brain damage disorder (kernicterus) that is developed by excessive bilirubin.
many children with brain malformations developed cerebral palsy typically during fetal development before the 21st week of gestation when the fetus is at highest risk of developing cerebral palsy, brain damage or other medical condition.
research indicates that approximately one out of every 10 cases involving cerebral palsy for the result of a lack of oxygen.
the unfamiliarity with things or people.
it usually takes the longest amount of time to diagnose a child who suffers the mildest cases of cerebral palsy because many of the indicators are not apparent for months or years. some children are not diagnosed with their condition until just before they enter school. catching the early indicators of the late development can help with an early diagnosis of cerebral palsy. if the parent suspects that their child has delayed development because of a compromise motor disorder, it is imperative to get confirmation of the neurological disorder as soon as possible.
recommendations by the american academy of pediatrics advise parents to have their children screened for developmental growth at nine months, 18 months, and between 24 and 30 months after birth. if the child is displaying abnormal development indicators, the screenings should occur more often. if the doctor identifies early signs of cerebral palsy, they will likely recommend taking the child to a neurologist for further examination and treatment.
sadly, many children develop cp through medical negligence, errors, and mistakes. while it usually takes a doctor to diagnose serious medical conditions including congenital and acquired cerebral palsy, the physician can also cause brain damage during the mother’s pregnancy, labor, delivery and after the child was born.
making mistakes during surgical procedures.
make sure that the pregnant mother keeps every prenatal appointment and undergoes routine medical care. seeing the doctor regularly can help identify problems associated with neurological disorders early on.
ensure that the expectant mother keeps all vaccinations up to date especially rubella and chickenpox vaccinations.
get a check for rh incompatibility to ensure the expectant mother and the fetus share a compatible blood type to avoid any medical issue that could cause cerebral palsy.
maintain a healthy weight during pregnancy to avoid elevated levels of insulin, and blood sugar levels that could increase fetal weight and lead to macrosomia for the baby is larger than normal for vaginal delivery.
taking preventative measures before becoming pregnant and staying healthy throughout the pregnancy, labor and delivery can minimize the potential dangers involved in birthing a baby with congenital or acquired cerebral palsy. any problems caught early on can provide numerous options to ensure the baby’s health before and after he or she is born.
if your child was diagnosed with neurological disorders including cerebral palsy, it is essential to speak with a medical malpractice attorney specializes in birth injury cases. an attorney working a family’s behalf can ensure that you are adequately compensated for your financial damages to make sure you have enough funds to raise your child who requires extensive care throughout their lifetime. our team of attorneys assist clients with breech birth injuries that led to cerebral palsy. let us evaluate your claim for compensation to determine if the injuries your newborn suffered were caused by the negligent or reckless actions of a medical professional.


text:
I recently wrote a short article about New Caledonia’s need to develop a strong foreign policy. New Caledonia is still not independent, but will undoubtedly enjoy more autonomy. It is important that Noumea fosters relations with foreign powers in order to be fully ready in the case the archipelago becomes independent.
Goulard, Sébastien (2018) , “New Caledonia: Moving Beyond the Independence Debate”, The Diplomat, November 9, accessed https://thediplomat.com/2018/11/new-caledonia-moving-beyond-the-independence-debate/.
Share the post "New Caledonia, after the referendum"
This entry was tagged article, New Caledonia, Noumea, The Diplomat. Bookmark the permalink.

lowercased:
i recently wrote a short article about new caledonia’s need to develop a strong foreign policy. new caledonia is still not independent, but will undoubtedly enjoy more autonomy. it is important that noumea fosters relations with foreign powers in order to be fully ready in the case the archipelago becomes independent.
goulard, sébastien (2018) , “new caledonia: moving beyond the independence debate”, the diplomat, november 9, accessed https://thediplomat.com/2018/11/new-caledonia-moving-beyond-the-independence-debate/.
share the post "new caledonia, after the referendum"
this entry was tagged article, new caledonia, noumea, the diplomat. bookmark the permalink.


text:
The Monaco Wealth Forum took on a life of its own on March 17 in Monte-Carlo. In its third edition, the Forum brought together a range of top speakers from a broad spectrum of expertise, and in keeping with previous events the Forum looked to the challenges and promises of the future rather than, as so often happens at similar events, a look back at specific corporate achievements. Sponsors of the event were Cyprus Developers Alliance and Henley & Partners.
Hugh Wade-Jones, one of two founders of Enness International, bore witness to the attraction that Monaco holds as his company has established its first base outside the UK with an office in Monaco. Enness is aiming to become the top HNW mortgage broker worldwide within 12-18 months, With Dubai also in the running, Enness chose Monaco not only as its first office outside UK but also its eventual global base.
Christopher Cruden of Insch Capital Management entertained his audience with a tongue in cheek speech during which he pointed out that asset managers have just two tasks: pick a time period of analysis that favours you, and try to impress clients by the size of their portfolio.
Caroline Garnham, who has a 35-year track record in private client practice, reminded the Forum that tax advising has become toxic, and more recently lethal at the sharp edge where tax avoidance approaches tax evasion. Since 2008 banks have paid $321 billion in fines. Banks have stopped advising on tax matters, while trusts are becoming ever more important for HNWis. In the Bahamas, trusts can protect assets but allow family control.
On the hot topic of Citizenship by Investment, Hakan Cortelek of Henley & Partners put Malta at the top of the list of favourable jurisdictions in Europe, while Nick Stephens of NTL, which is specialised in the Caribbean where it is registered in four out of five jurisdictions, stressed the importance of family security and a choice of jurisdictions. James Deen, representing Albany, Bahamas, said the company has processed 278 property sales, from $5 million up. There are no minimum days of residency required in the Bahamas, and buying property enables residency, not citizenship.
Cyprus was put in the spotlight by one of the main sponsors of the Monaco Wealth Forum, the Cyprus Developers Alliance. Advantages of Cyprus include the fact that it is a EU member, allowing travel to other EU states, David Petrosov said. Recent oil discoveries, low taxes, and an expected increase in tourist numbers as new hotels and casinos opens, are also major attractions. The education system follows the British model, and several UK universities have opened Cyprus campuses. Cyprus also has one of the lowest crime rates in EU, and 95 percent of the population speaks English. Cyprus is also one of the most cosmopolitan countries in Europe, only after Luxembourg, and has a good and positive business environment with its legal system based on English law. The lack of pollution attracts Chinese investors.
Citizenship by Investment in Cyprus is proving more and more popular, with months to approval and a three-month wait. There are no residency requirements. Investments must be held for three years and then can be liquidated. A Cypriot passport is ranked 14th in popularity. Dual citizenship is allowed and immediate family are included. No donation is necessary, just investment, and the paperwork needed for the application process isn’t onerous.
Dr Tahir Akhtar, a ‘doctorpreneur’ addressed the Forum on the topic of networking and its vital importance. “Your net worth is your network,” he said. On the subject of alternative investments, Antonio Cecere, of Cecere Monaco, underlined the attractiveness of watches, not only as an appreciating asset when carefully chosen, but as a highly mobile holder of value. Real estate: Potios, China, difficult to move money offshore. US, 200+ private jets, compared to 10,000+ in the US. Sig percentage of Chinese HNWs prepared to leave during the year, second largest number worldwide after France.
The Forum was fortunate in having as one of its star speakers the US real estate expert, Olivia Hsu Decker. In a Wall Street Journal profile of Miss Decker, it said “If you have a very expensive home to sell, her name comes to mind before anyone else’s.” The San Francisco Chronicle described her as: “Perhaps the nation’s best known residential real estate broker.” Olivia updated the Forum on emerging trends in top-end property sales and purchases.
No Wealth Forum with international themes would be complete without an expert on art as an investment vehicle, and the Monaco event was fortunate to be able to call on distinguished author and broadcaster Michel Santi, a member of the World Economic Forum (Davos), the Institut Français des Relations Internationales and the NGO Finance Watch. Among his books are Capitalism without a Conscience, and in French: L’Europe: chroniques d’un fiasco and Splendeurs et misères du libéralisme. In May 2015, Michel founded Art Trading & Finance, art advisors, in Geneva.
Iain Stewart-Linnhe, a strategic analyst and adviser to to high-level clients, stressed the accuracy of Caroline Garnham’s point about advisers being taken out. Rolls-Royce has recently been fined American-style, he said. Not just in jest, he said that in France families with four children pay less tax, but since the rules are written in French, no-one else knows about it. “That’s why the French all have 8 children,” he added.
Alastair Galloway, the security expert operating two specialised companies, pointed out that threats to security do not have to be physical in this Internet age. Cyber attacks are increasingly problematic. Alistair listed the top causes for concern in the world in 2017, with several items on the list coming as a surprise to many attendees.
The Forum was brought to a close by Patrick Jephson, who runs a consultancy company in Washington DC. His experience and knowledge spans many disciplines, but it was on the topic of his time as Private Secretary to Princess Diana that Patrick intrigued his audience, stressing the importance of personal relationships in professional life.

lowercased:
the monaco wealth forum took on a life of its own on march 17 in monte-carlo. in its third edition, the forum brought together a range of top speakers from a broad spectrum of expertise, and in keeping with previous events the forum looked to the challenges and promises of the future rather than, as so often happens at similar events, a look back at specific corporate achievements. sponsors of the event were cyprus developers alliance and henley & partners.
hugh wade-jones, one of two founders of enness international, bore witness to the attraction that monaco holds as his company has established its first base outside the uk with an office in monaco. enness is aiming to become the top hnw mortgage broker worldwide within 12-18 months, with dubai also in the running, enness chose monaco not only as its first office outside uk but also its eventual global base.
christopher cruden of insch capital management entertained his audience with a tongue in cheek speech during which he pointed out that asset managers have just two tasks: pick a time period of analysis that favours you, and try to impress clients by the size of their portfolio.
caroline garnham, who has a 35-year track record in private client practice, reminded the forum that tax advising has become toxic, and more recently lethal at the sharp edge where tax avoidance approaches tax evasion. since 2008 banks have paid $321 billion in fines. banks have stopped advising on tax matters, while trusts are becoming ever more important for hnwis. in the bahamas, trusts can protect assets but allow family control.
on the hot topic of citizenship by investment, hakan cortelek of henley & partners put malta at the top of the list of favourable jurisdictions in europe, while nick stephens of ntl, which is specialised in the caribbean where it is registered in four out of five jurisdictions, stressed the importance of family security and a choice of jurisdictions. james deen, representing albany, bahamas, said the company has processed 278 property sales, from $5 million up. there are no minimum days of residency required in the bahamas, and buying property enables residency, not citizenship.
cyprus was put in the spotlight by one of the main sponsors of the monaco wealth forum, the cyprus developers alliance. advantages of cyprus include the fact that it is a eu member, allowing travel to other eu states, david petrosov said. recent oil discoveries, low taxes, and an expected increase in tourist numbers as new hotels and casinos opens, are also major attractions. the education system follows the british model, and several uk universities have opened cyprus campuses. cyprus also has one of the lowest crime rates in eu, and 95 percent of the population speaks english. cyprus is also one of the most cosmopolitan countries in europe, only after luxembourg, and has a good and positive business environment with its legal system based on english law. the lack of pollution attracts chinese investors.
citizenship by investment in cyprus is proving more and more popular, with months to approval and a three-month wait. there are no residency requirements. investments must be held for three years and then can be liquidated. a cypriot passport is ranked 14th in popularity. dual citizenship is allowed and immediate family are included. no donation is necessary, just investment, and the paperwork needed for the application process isn’t onerous.
dr tahir akhtar, a ‘doctorpreneur’ addressed the forum on the topic of networking and its vital importance. “your net worth is your network,” he said. on the subject of alternative investments, antonio cecere, of cecere monaco, underlined the attractiveness of watches, not only as an appreciating asset when carefully chosen, but as a highly mobile holder of value. real estate: potios, china, difficult to move money offshore. us, 200+ private jets, compared to 10,000+ in the us. sig percentage of chinese hnws prepared to leave during the year, second largest number worldwide after france.
the forum was fortunate in having as one of its star speakers the us real estate expert, olivia hsu decker. in a wall street journal profile of miss decker, it said “if you have a very expensive home to sell, her name comes to mind before anyone else’s.” the san francisco chronicle described her as: “perhaps the nation’s best known residential real estate broker.” olivia updated the forum on emerging trends in top-end property sales and purchases.
no wealth forum with international themes would be complete without an expert on art as an investment vehicle, and the monaco event was fortunate to be able to call on distinguished author and broadcaster michel santi, a member of the world economic forum (davos), the institut français des relations internationales and the ngo finance watch. among his books are capitalism without a conscience, and in french: l’europe: chroniques d’un fiasco and splendeurs et misères du libéralisme. in may 2015, michel founded art trading & finance, art advisors, in geneva.
iain stewart-linnhe, a strategic analyst and adviser to to high-level clients, stressed the accuracy of caroline garnham’s point about advisers being taken out. rolls-royce has recently been fined american-style, he said. not just in jest, he said that in france families with four children pay less tax, but since the rules are written in french, no-one else knows about it. “that’s why the french all have 8 children,” he added.
alastair galloway, the security expert operating two specialised companies, pointed out that threats to security do not have to be physical in this internet age. cyber attacks are increasingly problematic. alistair listed the top causes for concern in the world in 2017, with several items on the list coming as a surprise to many attendees.
the forum was brought to a close by patrick jephson, who runs a consultancy company in washington dc. his experience and knowledge spans many disciplines, but it was on the topic of his time as private secretary to princess diana that patrick intrigued his audience, stressing the importance of personal relationships in professional life.


text:
InnovExplo subscribes to the concept of sustainable development and to its objective that is to fulfill current needs without compromising the future of the following generations.
The reconciliation of the environmental, the health and safety and the social and cultural issues with the economic drivers is a primary and unavoidable concern that dictates the day to day behavior of Innovexplo, at the office and in the field.
Our personnel is constantly induced to adhere to this value in the framework of an existing permanent continuous improvement program.
In view of carrying out exploration responsibly by monitoring the risk bearing activities related thereto, the management of InnoExplo has implemented the e3PLUS system from the PDAC.

lowercased:
innovexplo subscribes to the concept of sustainable development and to its objective that is to fulfill current needs without compromising the future of the following generations.
the reconciliation of the environmental, the health and safety and the social and cultural issues with the economic drivers is a primary and unavoidable concern that dictates the day to day behavior of innovexplo, at the office and in the field.
our personnel is constantly induced to adhere to this value in the framework of an existing permanent continuous improvement program.
in view of carrying out exploration responsibly by monitoring the risk bearing activities related thereto, the management of innoexplo has implemented the e3plus system from the pdac.


text:
We assist organisations to improve operating performance - sustainably.
We bring a track record of client success from our work in metals, mining and manufacturing - from aluminium smelters and diamond mines to nickel refineries and paper mills.
We call ourselves Coaches. Our entire focus is on building the skills within your organisation - so your people can lead improvements themselves.
Working together, we tackle the key drivers of your business - developing the strategy, implementing the improvements and locking in the results.
We bring a "back to basics" approach - proven disciplines and practical tools that build on your organisation's knowledge and systems.
We are committed to your success. Where possible, we like to align our interests and be paid on results we achieve together.

lowercased:
we assist organisations to improve operating performance - sustainably.
we bring a track record of client success from our work in metals, mining and manufacturing - from aluminium smelters and diamond mines to nickel refineries and paper mills.
we call ourselves coaches. our entire focus is on building the skills within your organisation - so your people can lead improvements themselves.
working together, we tackle the key drivers of your business - developing the strategy, implementing the improvements and locking in the results.
we bring a "back to basics" approach - proven disciplines and practical tools that build on your organisation's knowledge and systems.
we are committed to your success. where possible, we like to align our interests and be paid on results we achieve together.


text:
This project developed a methodology using traffic data collected by the SMART-Signal system to identify intersections prone to red light running and, therefore, serious crashes. This methodology could help MnDOT prioritize intersections for safety improvements.
“The essence of this project was to develop a toolbox that traffic engineers can use to determine an intersection’s safety performance,” said Henry Liu, Research Professor, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
Liu served as the study’s principal investigator.
Engineers traditionally measure an intersection’s safety using the number of crashes that actually occur there. However, collisions are rare and somewhat random events, and it can take a long time to collect enough data to accurately assess a single location’s safety.
Traffic conflicts—“close calls” in which one or both drivers must brake, swerve or take some other evasive action to avoid a crash—happen much more often than collisions do. As a result, many research projects use traffic conflicts as an alternative measure of safety.
Red light running (RLR) is one of the most common and dangerous causes of traffic conflicts at signalized intersections. While not every RLR event leads to a collision, it is often the first step in a process that ends in one.
Additionally, crashes caused when drivers run red lights are typically right-angle crashes, which are frequently severe. About 45 percent of right-angle collisions result in injury compared to about 25 percent of other crash types. Reducing right-angle-crash frequency can therefore significantly improve overall road safety and reduce costs related to traffic collisions.
MnDOT’s Safety Group wanted to determine whether it was possible to objectively and automatically identify intersections where RLR events are most likely to occur. Developing a methodology to identify the most dangerous intersections would help MnDOT prioritize locations for safety improvements.
Several previous MnDOT research projects had developed the SMART-Signal system, an automatic system that collects data from traffic signal controllers at signalized intersections. MnDOT has installed the system at more than 100 intersections in the Twin Cities. This project sought to develop tools that use SMART-Signal data to evaluate safety performance at intersections.
This flowchart shows the methodology for determining whether an RLR event will result in a crossing conflict.
Researchers analyzed SMART-Signal data collected at the intersection of Boone Avenue and Trunk Highway 55 (TH 55) in Golden Valley between December 2008 and September 2009. This intersection is equipped with both stop-bar detectors and advance detectors located about 400 feet upstream of the intersection. Researchers used stop-bar-actuation data and details about traffic signal phases to identify RLR events at the intersection.
However, since most intersections are equipped only with advance detectors, this method cannot be used to measure RLR events at all intersections. As an alternative, re-searchers used vehicle-speed and traffic-volume data from the advance detectors, along with recorded traffic-signal-phase information from SMART-Signal, to identify potential RLR events. They compared these potential events to actual RLR events identified using stop-bar data and developed a formula to predict whether an RLR event would occur. This formula can be applied at intersections of major and minor roads that are not equipped with stop-bar detectors.
Researchers then used data from a minor road to develop a method that identified whether an RLR event would lead to a traffic conflict. In this method, an intersection is first divided into four conflict zones (two in each direction). When a vehicle from the main road enters the intersection, the method enables researchers to calculate when the vehicle enters and leaves each of the conflict zones it passes through. Then they determine whether a vehicle from the minor road is in the same conflict zone. Using this methodology, researchers estimated the number of daily traffic conflicts at other inter-sections on TH 55. These estimates were based on data collected in 2009 and between 2012 and 2015.
Finally, researchers developed a regression model to evaluate whether adding the number of predicted traffic conflicts to a more standard model that used average annual daily traffic (AADT) would correlate with the number of actual collisions at that site. They evaluated the model using data from seven four-legged intersections and two T-intersections on TH 13 and TH 55.
The formula for predicting RLR events matched observations 83.12% of the time, based on more than 2,000 data points.
The number of daily crossing conflicts at TH 55 intersections ranged from 7.9 (at Glenwood Avenue in 2009) to 51.2 (at Winnetka Avenue in 2013).
While limited data were available for the regression model (as no site had more than four years of SMART-Signal data available, and there were only 11 crashes in total), the model suggests that estimated average traffic conflicts and minor-road AADT both contribute to accurate prediction of right-angle-crash frequency, while major-road AADT does not. Due to the limited data available, however, these conclusions should be considered preliminary.
While there are currently no plans for follow-up studies, additional research efforts could include continuing to evaluate and improve the prediction model as more data are collected, and installing video cameras at intersections to validate the proposed methodologies.
This Technical Summary pertains to Report 2017-08, “Estimation of Crossing Conflict at Signalized Intersection Using High-Resolution Traffic Data,” published March 2017.
Your drive home may be a few minutes quicker today thanks to a team of researchers who are making it easier for Minnesota engineers to retime traffic signals.
It normally costs $3,500 to retime a signal due to the time involved in collecting the data and optimizing timings. But over the past several years, MnDOT-funded research has helped develop the SMART Signal system, which not only collects traffic and signal-phase data automatically, but also identifies under-performing traffic signals and generates optimal signal timing plans with minimal human intervention.
Traffic delays typically grow 3 to 5 percent per year due to outdated signal timing; however, most traffic signals in the United States are only re-timed every two to five years (or longer).
You can view the traffic monitoring on corridors with SMART-Signal systems on this website, http://dotapp7.dot.state.mn.us/smartsignal/.
MnDOT (along with many cities and counties) embeds loop detectors in road pavements that notify a traffic signal that a vehicle is present. Staff normally must manually track wait times to determine how the signal timing is affecting traffic.
But SMART Signal automates much of this process by recording how long a vehicle waits at an intersection and automatically reporting the data (along with signal timing) to a central server. The data — viewable in real-time on this website — can then be analyzed to determine traffic patterns and optimal signal timing.
Recent enhancements to the SMART Signal system were successfully tested on Highway 13 in Burnsville, reducing vehicle delay there by 5 percent. The benefit could be in the double digits for corridors with worse traffic delays.
SMART Signal — which stands for Systemic Monitoring of Arterial Road Traffic — has been installed at more than 100 Minnesota intersections and is currently in the process of commercialization.
The latest research optimizes the system’s ability to reduce traffic delays by developing a framework to diagnose problems that cause delays at traffic signals and an algorithm that automatically optimizes the signal plan to address these problems. The software upgrade has since been integrated into all SMART Signal intersections.
“Data collection and performance monitoring are critical for improving traffic signal operations, and yet before the development of the SMART Signal system, these tasks were prohibitively expensive for most agencies because of the number of signals involved,” Liu said.
Improving safety at intersections with unusually high crash rates and predicting which intersections are likely to have elevated crash rates in the future.
Developing traffic signal timing models for diverging diamond intersections.
Determining how traffic and vehicle routes are affected by construction lane closures and detours on signalized highways.
A real-time adaptive signal control, which would automatically adjust signal timings based on current conditions, is not currently feasible with the SMART Signal system because it would require additional vehicle sensors. The latest SMART Signal research does, however, automate the data collection and calculations that would help the development of such a system.
A data collection unit collects event-based traffic and signal data and sends it to a remote center for analysis.
Note: This blog post was adapted from an article in the latest issue of our newsletter, Accelerator. Click here to subscribe.
In recent years, the transportation community has introduced significant changes to improve left-turn safety at signalized intersections—and for good reason. Nationally, intersection crashes represent one-fifth of all fatal crashes, and most of these are crashes involving left turns.
In response to this serious safety problem, the FHWA has adopted a new national standard for permissive left turns: the flashing yellow arrow. This signal warns drivers that they should proceed with a left turn only after yielding to any oncoming traffic or pedestrians. Flashing yellow arrow signals can help prevent crashes, move more traffic through an intersection, and provide additional traffic management flexibility.
Many transportation agencies, including MnDOT, are interested in using the new flashing yellow arrow signals to accommodate within-day changes: protected left turns (signaled by a green arrow) could be used when needed to lower crash risk, while permitted left turns (signaled by a flashing yellow arrow) could be used to reduce delay when crash risk is low.
“Of course, this requires being able to predict how the risk of left-turn crashes changes as intersection and traffic characteristics change within the course of a day,” says Gary Davis, a professor of civil, environmental, and geo- engineering at the University of Minnesota.
To help engineers make more informed decisions about when to use flashing yellow arrows, Davis is leading the development of a model that could help predict the probability of left-turn crash risk at a given intersection at different times of day. This model—which will ultimately be available as a set of spreadsheet tools—will help traffic engineers determine when the crash risk is sufficiently low to allow for the safe use of flashing yellow arrows. The project is sponsored by MnDOT and the Minnesota Local Road Research Board.
To develop the statistical model, the researchers needed to determine how the risk for left-turn crashes varies depending on time of day, traffic flow conditions, and intersection features (such as number of opposing lanes, number of left-turn lanes, and median size). The process included developing a database containing left-turn crash information, intersection features, and traffic volumes, as well as developing a set of 24-hour traffic pattern estimates to help fill gaps where hourly traffic volume counts were not available. The resulting statistical model uses this information to determine relative crash risk for every hour of the day at a given type of intersection.
Currently, Davis and his team are using the model to develop a spreadsheet tool that will allow traffic engineers to choose their type of intersection and enter the available turning movement count. The tool will then generate a specialized graph for that intersection showing the relative crash risk by time of day. Any time the crash risk is at or below the level identified as acceptable, engineers can consider using flashing yellow arrows.
“By simulating how crash risk changes as traffic conditions change, this model could help identify conditions when permitted left-turn treatments would be a good choice and what times of day a protected left turn might be a better option,” Davis says.
Moving forward, Davis is leading an additional project related to the use of flashing yellow arrows, funded by the Roadway Safety Institute. The project will first review video data of drivers making permitted left turns to characterize left-turn gap acceptance and turning trajectories. Then, Davis will incorporate the findings into the existing statistical model. To further improve the model’s accuracy, the study will compare the crashes described by the simulation model with reconstructed real-world left-turn crashes.

lowercased:
this project developed a methodology using traffic data collected by the smart-signal system to identify intersections prone to red light running and, therefore, serious crashes. this methodology could help mndot prioritize intersections for safety improvements.
“the essence of this project was to develop a toolbox that traffic engineers can use to determine an intersection’s safety performance,” said henry liu, research professor, university of michigan transportation research institute.
liu served as the study’s principal investigator.
engineers traditionally measure an intersection’s safety using the number of crashes that actually occur there. however, collisions are rare and somewhat random events, and it can take a long time to collect enough data to accurately assess a single location’s safety.
traffic conflicts—“close calls” in which one or both drivers must brake, swerve or take some other evasive action to avoid a crash—happen much more often than collisions do. as a result, many research projects use traffic conflicts as an alternative measure of safety.
red light running (rlr) is one of the most common and dangerous causes of traffic conflicts at signalized intersections. while not every rlr event leads to a collision, it is often the first step in a process that ends in one.
additionally, crashes caused when drivers run red lights are typically right-angle crashes, which are frequently severe. about 45 percent of right-angle collisions result in injury compared to about 25 percent of other crash types. reducing right-angle-crash frequency can therefore significantly improve overall road safety and reduce costs related to traffic collisions.
mndot’s safety group wanted to determine whether it was possible to objectively and automatically identify intersections where rlr events are most likely to occur. developing a methodology to identify the most dangerous intersections would help mndot prioritize locations for safety improvements.
several previous mndot research projects had developed the smart-signal system, an automatic system that collects data from traffic signal controllers at signalized intersections. mndot has installed the system at more than 100 intersections in the twin cities. this project sought to develop tools that use smart-signal data to evaluate safety performance at intersections.
this flowchart shows the methodology for determining whether an rlr event will result in a crossing conflict.
researchers analyzed smart-signal data collected at the intersection of boone avenue and trunk highway 55 (th 55) in golden valley between december 2008 and september 2009. this intersection is equipped with both stop-bar detectors and advance detectors located about 400 feet upstream of the intersection. researchers used stop-bar-actuation data and details about traffic signal phases to identify rlr events at the intersection.
however, since most intersections are equipped only with advance detectors, this method cannot be used to measure rlr events at all intersections. as an alternative, re-searchers used vehicle-speed and traffic-volume data from the advance detectors, along with recorded traffic-signal-phase information from smart-signal, to identify potential rlr events. they compared these potential events to actual rlr events identified using stop-bar data and developed a formula to predict whether an rlr event would occur. this formula can be applied at intersections of major and minor roads that are not equipped with stop-bar detectors.
researchers then used data from a minor road to develop a method that identified whether an rlr event would lead to a traffic conflict. in this method, an intersection is first divided into four conflict zones (two in each direction). when a vehicle from the main road enters the intersection, the method enables researchers to calculate when the vehicle enters and leaves each of the conflict zones it passes through. then they determine whether a vehicle from the minor road is in the same conflict zone. using this methodology, researchers estimated the number of daily traffic conflicts at other inter-sections on th 55. these estimates were based on data collected in 2009 and between 2012 and 2015.
finally, researchers developed a regression model to evaluate whether adding the number of predicted traffic conflicts to a more standard model that used average annual daily traffic (aadt) would correlate with the number of actual collisions at that site. they evaluated the model using data from seven four-legged intersections and two t-intersections on th 13 and th 55.
the formula for predicting rlr events matched observations 83.12% of the time, based on more than 2,000 data points.
the number of daily crossing conflicts at th 55 intersections ranged from 7.9 (at glenwood avenue in 2009) to 51.2 (at winnetka avenue in 2013).
while limited data were available for the regression model (as no site had more than four years of smart-signal data available, and there were only 11 crashes in total), the model suggests that estimated average traffic conflicts and minor-road aadt both contribute to accurate prediction of right-angle-crash frequency, while major-road aadt does not. due to the limited data available, however, these conclusions should be considered preliminary.
while there are currently no plans for follow-up studies, additional research efforts could include continuing to evaluate and improve the prediction model as more data are collected, and installing video cameras at intersections to validate the proposed methodologies.
this technical summary pertains to report 2017-08, “estimation of crossing conflict at signalized intersection using high-resolution traffic data,” published march 2017.
your drive home may be a few minutes quicker today thanks to a team of researchers who are making it easier for minnesota engineers to retime traffic signals.
it normally costs $3,500 to retime a signal due to the time involved in collecting the data and optimizing timings. but over the past several years, mndot-funded research has helped develop the smart signal system, which not only collects traffic and signal-phase data automatically, but also identifies under-performing traffic signals and generates optimal signal timing plans with minimal human intervention.
traffic delays typically grow 3 to 5 percent per year due to outdated signal timing; however, most traffic signals in the united states are only re-timed every two to five years (or longer).
you can view the traffic monitoring on corridors with smart-signal systems on this website, http://dotapp7.dot.state.mn.us/smartsignal/.
mndot (along with many cities and counties) embeds loop detectors in road pavements that notify a traffic signal that a vehicle is present. staff normally must manually track wait times to determine how the signal timing is affecting traffic.
but smart signal automates much of this process by recording how long a vehicle waits at an intersection and automatically reporting the data (along with signal timing) to a central server. the data — viewable in real-time on this website — can then be analyzed to determine traffic patterns and optimal signal timing.
recent enhancements to the smart signal system were successfully tested on highway 13 in burnsville, reducing vehicle delay there by 5 percent. the benefit could be in the double digits for corridors with worse traffic delays.
smart signal — which stands for systemic monitoring of arterial road traffic — has been installed at more than 100 minnesota intersections and is currently in the process of commercialization.
the latest research optimizes the system’s ability to reduce traffic delays by developing a framework to diagnose problems that cause delays at traffic signals and an algorithm that automatically optimizes the signal plan to address these problems. the software upgrade has since been integrated into all smart signal intersections.
“data collection and performance monitoring are critical for improving traffic signal operations, and yet before the development of the smart signal system, these tasks were prohibitively expensive for most agencies because of the number of signals involved,” liu said.
improving safety at intersections with unusually high crash rates and predicting which intersections are likely to have elevated crash rates in the future.
developing traffic signal timing models for diverging diamond intersections.
determining how traffic and vehicle routes are affected by construction lane closures and detours on signalized highways.
a real-time adaptive signal control, which would automatically adjust signal timings based on current conditions, is not currently feasible with the smart signal system because it would require additional vehicle sensors. the latest smart signal research does, however, automate the data collection and calculations that would help the development of such a system.
a data collection unit collects event-based traffic and signal data and sends it to a remote center for analysis.
note: this blog post was adapted from an article in the latest issue of our newsletter, accelerator. click here to subscribe.
in recent years, the transportation community has introduced significant changes to improve left-turn safety at signalized intersections—and for good reason. nationally, intersection crashes represent one-fifth of all fatal crashes, and most of these are crashes involving left turns.
in response to this serious safety problem, the fhwa has adopted a new national standard for permissive left turns: the flashing yellow arrow. this signal warns drivers that they should proceed with a left turn only after yielding to any oncoming traffic or pedestrians. flashing yellow arrow signals can help prevent crashes, move more traffic through an intersection, and provide additional traffic management flexibility.
many transportation agencies, including mndot, are interested in using the new flashing yellow arrow signals to accommodate within-day changes: protected left turns (signaled by a green arrow) could be used when needed to lower crash risk, while permitted left turns (signaled by a flashing yellow arrow) could be used to reduce delay when crash risk is low.
“of course, this requires being able to predict how the risk of left-turn crashes changes as intersection and traffic characteristics change within the course of a day,” says gary davis, a professor of civil, environmental, and geo- engineering at the university of minnesota.
to help engineers make more informed decisions about when to use flashing yellow arrows, davis is leading the development of a model that could help predict the probability of left-turn crash risk at a given intersection at different times of day. this model—which will ultimately be available as a set of spreadsheet tools—will help traffic engineers determine when the crash risk is sufficiently low to allow for the safe use of flashing yellow arrows. the project is sponsored by mndot and the minnesota local road research board.
to develop the statistical model, the researchers needed to determine how the risk for left-turn crashes varies depending on time of day, traffic flow conditions, and intersection features (such as number of opposing lanes, number of left-turn lanes, and median size). the process included developing a database containing left-turn crash information, intersection features, and traffic volumes, as well as developing a set of 24-hour traffic pattern estimates to help fill gaps where hourly traffic volume counts were not available. the resulting statistical model uses this information to determine relative crash risk for every hour of the day at a given type of intersection.
currently, davis and his team are using the model to develop a spreadsheet tool that will allow traffic engineers to choose their type of intersection and enter the available turning movement count. the tool will then generate a specialized graph for that intersection showing the relative crash risk by time of day. any time the crash risk is at or below the level identified as acceptable, engineers can consider using flashing yellow arrows.
“by simulating how crash risk changes as traffic conditions change, this model could help identify conditions when permitted left-turn treatments would be a good choice and what times of day a protected left turn might be a better option,” davis says.
moving forward, davis is leading an additional project related to the use of flashing yellow arrows, funded by the roadway safety institute. the project will first review video data of drivers making permitted left turns to characterize left-turn gap acceptance and turning trajectories. then, davis will incorporate the findings into the existing statistical model. to further improve the model’s accuracy, the study will compare the crashes described by the simulation model with reconstructed real-world left-turn crashes.


text:
A cartographer that created maps for senior policy makers at the National Counterterrorism Center wants to map out your next hunt or backpacking trip.
Ben Harshyne and his wife Kate Harshyne took a risk this year when Ben left his job as a contractor where he made maps for the National Counterterrorism Center and chose to work full time on a company he started called HUNTERRA Mapping.
HUNTERRA creates maps by blending high-resolution aerial photography with a 3D-like terrain model. The company can create waterproof, tear resistant field maps, poster maps and custom-sized mega maps.
Harshyne got the idea for the company after he made a hunting map for his father for Father’s Day four years ago. He didn’t want to create a map with only an aerial photo because it only showed tree cover, and terrain was important to understand the best places to deer hunt. Harshyne upgraded it by blending in terrain by simulating shadows created from the sun. He also digitized the trails, and highlighted the family’s different tree stands.
His father was impressed by the product and the map proved useful in the following hunting season.
On a hunting trip to Illinois, Harshyne and his father showed the map to the owner of an outfitting company. He was similarly impressed since he typically printed his maps off on Google. The outfitter, Aaron Milliken, went on to work for a real estate company called Whitetail Properties that sells hunting properties.
Harshyne first thought he had an opportunity to build the business that became HUNTERRA once Whitetail Properties asked him to build maps to show off the property listings. Harshyne stood up HUNTERRA in 2011, but he was still working on the maps part time while he maintained his full time post at NCTC.
The company continued to grow as Harshyne designed a website where hunters could visit and order maps specific to their upcoming hunts. The work load grew and eventually Kate Harshyne quit her job in the culinary industry to work on HUNTERRA full time.
The Harshynes went all in this summer when Ben quit his job and the couple sold their northern Virginia home to move to the Midwest and be closer to the hunting grounds that they most often map. In fact, the couple refurbished a 1979 Airstream Excella trailer and is driving across the U.S. to promote HUNTERRA.
The company currently offers three types of maps: the field map, the poster map and the mega map. The field map is a tear resistant, waterproof map that hunters or hikers can fold up and store in their pocket. The map is 10 x 15 inches and is meant to accompany you in the field, and can be marked up with dry erase Crayons or permanent Sharpies.
The poster map comes in three sizes -- 20 x 30 inches, 30 x 45 inches and 40 x 60 inches. A light adhesive on the back makes it easy to hang on the wall or stick to a table.
The mega map allows hunters and bikers to pick any size. Harshyne said he uses a mosaic of multiple sheets to build huge displays for large properties and ranches without losing the detail that his customers require.
HUNTERRA has already received national exposure through its work with Whitetail Properties. The company has a hunting show on the Sportsman Channel in which some of HUNTERRA’s maps have been featured. Harshyne said he worked for nearly an entire winter on the first maps Whitetail asked him to produce as graphics on the show.
HUNTERRA has also been featured at national conventions such as the National Wild Turkey Federation Convention and the Quality Deer Management Associations’s National Convention. Harshyne said the company received a boost at one of the shows when Major League Bowhunter set up their booth next to HUNTERRA, and soon after established a partnership.
The company has seen a significant increase in orders over the past year, Harshyne said. In fact, the company has continued to produce maps even as they drive cross country. The Airstream was designed as a mobile office, and is appropriately titled The Mobile Map Cave.
Harshyne said he is excited to see where the company can grow now that he and his wife can focus on it full time, and relocating to the middle of their main client market.

lowercased:
a cartographer that created maps for senior policy makers at the national counterterrorism center wants to map out your next hunt or backpacking trip.
ben harshyne and his wife kate harshyne took a risk this year when ben left his job as a contractor where he made maps for the national counterterrorism center and chose to work full time on a company he started called hunterra mapping.
hunterra creates maps by blending high-resolution aerial photography with a 3d-like terrain model. the company can create waterproof, tear resistant field maps, poster maps and custom-sized mega maps.
harshyne got the idea for the company after he made a hunting map for his father for father’s day four years ago. he didn’t want to create a map with only an aerial photo because it only showed tree cover, and terrain was important to understand the best places to deer hunt. harshyne upgraded it by blending in terrain by simulating shadows created from the sun. he also digitized the trails, and highlighted the family’s different tree stands.
his father was impressed by the product and the map proved useful in the following hunting season.
on a hunting trip to illinois, harshyne and his father showed the map to the owner of an outfitting company. he was similarly impressed since he typically printed his maps off on google. the outfitter, aaron milliken, went on to work for a real estate company called whitetail properties that sells hunting properties.
harshyne first thought he had an opportunity to build the business that became hunterra once whitetail properties asked him to build maps to show off the property listings. harshyne stood up hunterra in 2011, but he was still working on the maps part time while he maintained his full time post at nctc.
the company continued to grow as harshyne designed a website where hunters could visit and order maps specific to their upcoming hunts. the work load grew and eventually kate harshyne quit her job in the culinary industry to work on hunterra full time.
the harshynes went all in this summer when ben quit his job and the couple sold their northern virginia home to move to the midwest and be closer to the hunting grounds that they most often map. in fact, the couple refurbished a 1979 airstream excella trailer and is driving across the u.s. to promote hunterra.
the company currently offers three types of maps: the field map, the poster map and the mega map. the field map is a tear resistant, waterproof map that hunters or hikers can fold up and store in their pocket. the map is 10 x 15 inches and is meant to accompany you in the field, and can be marked up with dry erase crayons or permanent sharpies.
the poster map comes in three sizes -- 20 x 30 inches, 30 x 45 inches and 40 x 60 inches. a light adhesive on the back makes it easy to hang on the wall or stick to a table.
the mega map allows hunters and bikers to pick any size. harshyne said he uses a mosaic of multiple sheets to build huge displays for large properties and ranches without losing the detail that his customers require.
hunterra has already received national exposure through its work with whitetail properties. the company has a hunting show on the sportsman channel in which some of hunterra’s maps have been featured. harshyne said he worked for nearly an entire winter on the first maps whitetail asked him to produce as graphics on the show.
hunterra has also been featured at national conventions such as the national wild turkey federation convention and the quality deer management associations’s national convention. harshyne said the company received a boost at one of the shows when major league bowhunter set up their booth next to hunterra, and soon after established a partnership.
the company has seen a significant increase in orders over the past year, harshyne said. in fact, the company has continued to produce maps even as they drive cross country. the airstream was designed as a mobile office, and is appropriately titled the mobile map cave.
harshyne said he is excited to see where the company can grow now that he and his wife can focus on it full time, and relocating to the middle of their main client market.


text:
Thanks for reading this. I`m developing an application with some suggestionbox elements inside a DataTable. My problem is, that the values of this elements are not updated. I get a null Converter message.
Maybe someone can help me. Thanks!
Looks like "stationId" input is being processed too. Does anything change if you add ajaxSingle="true" to a4j:support component?

lowercased:
thanks for reading this. i`m developing an application with some suggestionbox elements inside a datatable. my problem is, that the values of this elements are not updated. i get a null converter message.
maybe someone can help me. thanks!
looks like "stationid" input is being processed too. does anything change if you add ajaxsingle="true" to a4j:support component?


text:
Just signed up for 3 new projects with Natural History New Zealand LTD. !! 2 of these are for the Man Made Marvels series and are all set in China.. they’re looking awesome so far… and the third is about a great China quake.
The MMM shows are for Discovery Asia and the China Quake is for an old collaborator of mine, Madeleine Carter at National Geographic. On another note, King Tut is almost in the bag but it’s been a hard slog. As far as personal projects go a friend of mine is planning to release some of my early work on his internet record label, so I’ll let you know about that when it’s all happening. Chin Chin!

lowercased:
just signed up for 3 new projects with natural history new zealand ltd. !! 2 of these are for the man made marvels series and are all set in china.. they’re looking awesome so far… and the third is about a great china quake.
the mmm shows are for discovery asia and the china quake is for an old collaborator of mine, madeleine carter at national geographic. on another note, king tut is almost in the bag but it’s been a hard slog. as far as personal projects go a friend of mine is planning to release some of my early work on his internet record label, so i’ll let you know about that when it’s all happening. chin chin!


text:
Bacon Wrapped Sriracha Dogs - Recipe! - Live. Love. Laugh. Food.
Bacon wrapped dogs are a big thing in Los Angeles. If you have ever been to the Hollywood Bowl, Wiltern Theatre or most other venues, you can always smell the smoky wieners cooking over an open grill right after the show. On most occasions, I try to resist the temptation, but there are special circumstances in which I just have to have one.
There are much better varieties of hot dogs today. When I was young my mother wouldn’t let us eat many hot dogs because of the preservatives and who knows what else was in there, but nowadays you can buy grass fed, corn finished all beef dogs that are quite amazing. Of course you can always use the standard kosher dogs or Oscar Mayer, but I suggest you walk on the adventurous side and try some of the new varieties.
These Bacon Wrapped Sriracha Dogs are my interpretation of these late night eats. I use thick cut no-nitrate bacon and wrap it snugly around the hot dog and secure it with toothpicks at the end. Grilling is a snap, just toss them on a stovetop grill pan, or grill outside. A quick brush of my Sriracha Glaze, while the wienies are cooking and you have yourself a fun summer meal.
These dogs are perfect to make for your favorite game or serve them up as a casual weeknight meal. Don’t forget to warm the buns right before serving.
1. Remove hot dogs and bacon from packaging. Wrap a slice of bacon around each dog and secure at ends with toothpicks.
2. Place your grill pan over medium high burners. In a small bowl, combine Sriracha and maple syrup, stir to combine. Place dogs on grill and cook for 3 minutes, rotate a third of a turn and brush with sauce. Repeat twice more, until dogs are crispy brown on all sides.
3. Slice buns open and warm buns in oven or on grill top, place on a plate or basket. Remove Bacon Wrapped Sriracha Dogs from heat and place one in each bun. Top with a dollop of mustard and mayo and pickled peppers for extra heat. Don’t forget pickle. Enjoy!

lowercased:
bacon wrapped sriracha dogs - recipe! - live. love. laugh. food.
bacon wrapped dogs are a big thing in los angeles. if you have ever been to the hollywood bowl, wiltern theatre or most other venues, you can always smell the smoky wieners cooking over an open grill right after the show. on most occasions, i try to resist the temptation, but there are special circumstances in which i just have to have one.
there are much better varieties of hot dogs today. when i was young my mother wouldn’t let us eat many hot dogs because of the preservatives and who knows what else was in there, but nowadays you can buy grass fed, corn finished all beef dogs that are quite amazing. of course you can always use the standard kosher dogs or oscar mayer, but i suggest you walk on the adventurous side and try some of the new varieties.
these bacon wrapped sriracha dogs are my interpretation of these late night eats. i use thick cut no-nitrate bacon and wrap it snugly around the hot dog and secure it with toothpicks at the end. grilling is a snap, just toss them on a stovetop grill pan, or grill outside. a quick brush of my sriracha glaze, while the wienies are cooking and you have yourself a fun summer meal.
these dogs are perfect to make for your favorite game or serve them up as a casual weeknight meal. don’t forget to warm the buns right before serving.
1. remove hot dogs and bacon from packaging. wrap a slice of bacon around each dog and secure at ends with toothpicks.
2. place your grill pan over medium high burners. in a small bowl, combine sriracha and maple syrup, stir to combine. place dogs on grill and cook for 3 minutes, rotate a third of a turn and brush with sauce. repeat twice more, until dogs are crispy brown on all sides.
3. slice buns open and warm buns in oven or on grill top, place on a plate or basket. remove bacon wrapped sriracha dogs from heat and place one in each bun. top with a dollop of mustard and mayo and pickled peppers for extra heat. don’t forget pickle. enjoy!


text:
We investigated the distribution of the 1,020 singles from Dingley Village among the single sites.
Who are you looking for in Dingley Village?
Do you have any tips about dating in Dingley Village?

lowercased:
we investigated the distribution of the 1,020 singles from dingley village among the single sites.
who are you looking for in dingley village?
do you have any tips about dating in dingley village?


text:
Can you distinguish between professional roofers vs frauds?
Who is the real deal, who’s a fraud, who costs too much, and other questions will make selecting a roofer to call on so difficult. It’s no wonder so many people turn to services like the Better Business Bureau and Angie’s List. Even those directories don’t account for specialists as well as they can (Cedar shake roofing pros, storm damage specialists, etc.). These directories attempt to bolster confidence in a consumer’s decision making but they are in the business of also making money. Where do they make their money? Charging the businesses in their directory pays the bills. There are real reviews and awards given but many consumers get burned once and stop using these services.
Believe it or not, consumers choose residential roofers based on personal referrals and the canvassing efforts by the companies at a combined 70% to 80% of their clients. It’s that small remaining percent of consumers that are hunting through the plethora of contenders.
First, let’s define the differences between a roofing professional vs fraud.
For starters, professionals are established businesses with plenty of industry stamps of approval, licenses, insurance, a local office, and plenty of solid online reviews. They should show up any place you look for a roofer from the main directory services mentioned to billboards, radio ads, and other media. Professional roofing companies provide plenty of solid photos of their work, helpful information on their websites, advertise in social media, and display their branding proudly. (trucks, shirts, yard signs, etc.).
Fraudulent roofers pretend to be more than what they are by faking qualifications, glancing over or downplaying qualifications, and typically by just acting like a low price solution.
Special financing offered VS Nothing offered.
Doing your homework is a task but you need to research your local roofers to separate professional roofers vs frauds. But what are the hallmarks of a trustworthy roofing company operating in the Cincinnati area?
Manufacturer Backing! When a manufacturer gives a stamp, like the GAF Master Elite Contractor, you are getting an actual contractor that has repeatedly proven to the manufacturer that they have a solid and reputable working relationship, continue to educate themselves on the manufacturer’s roofing system (all components of a new roof that are made by GAF for instance). Only 2% of the roofers in the Cincinnati area carry this stamp.
Is it good to find a company that flaunts all or few of these? The short answer is fewer the better. In truth, a contractor needs to do their homework and give their clients the best product at the best price with the best warranty. If you figure those points you come up with a clear winner with GAF followed by a tie between CertainTeed and Owens Corning.
Awards and honors based on performance sets the tone with professional roofers vs frauds. There are many awards out there that don’t mean a hoot but should you see any of these be sure to take them seriously.
The look of the award changes every year but it reflects a whole lot of great customer surveys!
Only a squeaky clean record will allow for an A+. If a company doesn’t have an A+ they should be researched further.
When the largest manufacture of roofing products in North America calls you a Top 100 Contractor in North America, you’re just that.
When the Roofing Contractor publication specifies a company as a Top 100, it means business is solid for said company.
EagleView Technologies – Expect very precise estimates when it comes to the product needed for the job. EagleView provides precise roof size detail.
A certified roof inspector has been trained to determine cause and scope of damage, compute costs of repair, and to analyze field date culminating in objective data.
A Haag certified roof expert is able to determine whether a repair or replacement is most cost effective for the end user.
A roof expert is able to determine precisely what caused the damage.
A Haag certified roof inspector is able to provide accurate and trustworthy information in a solid report.
A Haag certified roof inspector that misrepresents the truth will have their license revoked.
A Haag trained pro speaks the same language as an insurance company field adjuster because many of them are Haag certified as well. This means an insurance claim will more likely pass with a Haag certified inspector at your side.
Look for this stamp if you think you have storm damage!

lowercased:
can you distinguish between professional roofers vs frauds?
who is the real deal, who’s a fraud, who costs too much, and other questions will make selecting a roofer to call on so difficult. it’s no wonder so many people turn to services like the better business bureau and angie’s list. even those directories don’t account for specialists as well as they can (cedar shake roofing pros, storm damage specialists, etc.). these directories attempt to bolster confidence in a consumer’s decision making but they are in the business of also making money. where do they make their money? charging the businesses in their directory pays the bills. there are real reviews and awards given but many consumers get burned once and stop using these services.
believe it or not, consumers choose residential roofers based on personal referrals and the canvassing efforts by the companies at a combined 70% to 80% of their clients. it’s that small remaining percent of consumers that are hunting through the plethora of contenders.
first, let’s define the differences between a roofing professional vs fraud.
for starters, professionals are established businesses with plenty of industry stamps of approval, licenses, insurance, a local office, and plenty of solid online reviews. they should show up any place you look for a roofer from the main directory services mentioned to billboards, radio ads, and other media. professional roofing companies provide plenty of solid photos of their work, helpful information on their websites, advertise in social media, and display their branding proudly. (trucks, shirts, yard signs, etc.).
fraudulent roofers pretend to be more than what they are by faking qualifications, glancing over or downplaying qualifications, and typically by just acting like a low price solution.
special financing offered vs nothing offered.
doing your homework is a task but you need to research your local roofers to separate professional roofers vs frauds. but what are the hallmarks of a trustworthy roofing company operating in the cincinnati area?
manufacturer backing! when a manufacturer gives a stamp, like the gaf master elite contractor, you are getting an actual contractor that has repeatedly proven to the manufacturer that they have a solid and reputable working relationship, continue to educate themselves on the manufacturer’s roofing system (all components of a new roof that are made by gaf for instance). only 2% of the roofers in the cincinnati area carry this stamp.
is it good to find a company that flaunts all or few of these? the short answer is fewer the better. in truth, a contractor needs to do their homework and give their clients the best product at the best price with the best warranty. if you figure those points you come up with a clear winner with gaf followed by a tie between certainteed and owens corning.
awards and honors based on performance sets the tone with professional roofers vs frauds. there are many awards out there that don’t mean a hoot but should you see any of these be sure to take them seriously.
the look of the award changes every year but it reflects a whole lot of great customer surveys!
only a squeaky clean record will allow for an a+. if a company doesn’t have an a+ they should be researched further.
when the largest manufacture of roofing products in north america calls you a top 100 contractor in north america, you’re just that.
when the roofing contractor publication specifies a company as a top 100, it means business is solid for said company.
eagleview technologies – expect very precise estimates when it comes to the product needed for the job. eagleview provides precise roof size detail.
a certified roof inspector has been trained to determine cause and scope of damage, compute costs of repair, and to analyze field date culminating in objective data.
a haag certified roof expert is able to determine whether a repair or replacement is most cost effective for the end user.
a roof expert is able to determine precisely what caused the damage.
a haag certified roof inspector is able to provide accurate and trustworthy information in a solid report.
a haag certified roof inspector that misrepresents the truth will have their license revoked.
a haag trained pro speaks the same language as an insurance company field adjuster because many of them are haag certified as well. this means an insurance claim will more likely pass with a haag certified inspector at your side.
look for this stamp if you think you have storm damage!


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Philadelphia − December 8,2017 − Harrisburg University, along with Hussian College, unveiled a new, 38,000 square foot location to expand their Philadelphia campus. The expansion expands on the Philadelphia presence Harrisburg University has had for the past three years. Prior to this move, students of Harrisburg University would transfer to Harrisburg’s main campus after their first year to complete their degree. With the new facility, located at 1500 Spring Garden Street, students of both universities will be able to complete their four-year degree in Philadelphia.
Also in attendance was Dr. Samuel Hirsch, Vice President for Academic Affairs and Student Success at the Community College of Philadelphia. During the Ribbon Cutting Ceremony, an articulation agreement was announced between the schools, allowing for an easier transfer process for students between the schools.

lowercased:
philadelphia − december 8,2017 − harrisburg university, along with hussian college, unveiled a new, 38,000 square foot location to expand their philadelphia campus. the expansion expands on the philadelphia presence harrisburg university has had for the past three years. prior to this move, students of harrisburg university would transfer to harrisburg’s main campus after their first year to complete their degree. with the new facility, located at 1500 spring garden street, students of both universities will be able to complete their four-year degree in philadelphia.
also in attendance was dr. samuel hirsch, vice president for academic affairs and student success at the community college of philadelphia. during the ribbon cutting ceremony, an articulation agreement was announced between the schools, allowing for an easier transfer process for students between the schools.


text:
Colonial style double hung windows offer a classic look with extreme functionality.
In the double hung style both sashes tilt in for easy cleaning.
The double hung window is equipped with a full screen to maximize comfort in your home.
Triple-seal weather-stripping and step-down frame design provide superior protection against air and water infiltration.
Delco’s cam-action locks pull the sashes against the weather stripping to create a tighter seal against the elements. Goodbye, drafts!
When it comes to your windows and doors, it is a fact that they can be a major source of heat loss. This is why many Canadians expect high performance windows and doors that meet ENERGY STAR standards. By choosing Delco’s windows and doors it is guaranteed that energy costs will be reduced considerably resulting in substantial savings. Low-E Glass, Argon Gas and Edgetech Superspacer are all standard properties of every window that is provided by Delco Windows.
The "E" is for "Emissivity" and the dictionary defines emissivity as "the relative power of a surface to emit heat by radiation." Low-E glass works by reflecting heat back to its source. This coating provides optimal year-round energy savings by filtering the suns energy in summer and reducing heat loss in winter. In the summer low-E products let in visible sunlight while blocking infrared and ultraviolet solar energy that drives up cooling costs and damages curtains, window treatments, carpeting, furnishings and art work. In winter low-E glass reflects room-side heat back into the room.
When the air space between the two panes of glass is filled with Argon gas, heat loss is reduced and energy efficiency is improved. This occurs because the thermal conductivity of this inert gas is lower than air. By replacing air between the window panes with Argon gas, thermal performance is increased.
Approximately 80% of energy loss through a window occurs at its edge, Super Spacer ™ thermally efficient all-foam, non-metal properties will significantly reduce such loss. This will reduce the energy required to heat or cool your home, which is great for you and for the environment. Warm Edge Technology also means that Super Spacer ™ controls condensation and mould resistance like no other spacer. Insulation works both ways. As Super Spacer ™ is less conductive than metal spacer, it blocks heat from escaping or entering your home through the glass edge, providing optimal performance and the lowest U-value in the industry. The U-value of a window is the measure of its ability to transfer heat, so windows with the lowest U value are the most efficient insulators.
There are many glass options that can be added to your window. Below are options available to you.
All Delco Windows are available in solid UPVC white as well as four other colours that are co-extruded (not painted, manufactured in select colour).
These include Sandalwood, Sandstone, Cream and Grey. As an option the exterior can be painted to match any colour of your choice (white interior).

lowercased:
colonial style double hung windows offer a classic look with extreme functionality.
in the double hung style both sashes tilt in for easy cleaning.
the double hung window is equipped with a full screen to maximize comfort in your home.
triple-seal weather-stripping and step-down frame design provide superior protection against air and water infiltration.
delco’s cam-action locks pull the sashes against the weather stripping to create a tighter seal against the elements. goodbye, drafts!
when it comes to your windows and doors, it is a fact that they can be a major source of heat loss. this is why many canadians expect high performance windows and doors that meet energy star standards. by choosing delco’s windows and doors it is guaranteed that energy costs will be reduced considerably resulting in substantial savings. low-e glass, argon gas and edgetech superspacer are all standard properties of every window that is provided by delco windows.
the "e" is for "emissivity" and the dictionary defines emissivity as "the relative power of a surface to emit heat by radiation." low-e glass works by reflecting heat back to its source. this coating provides optimal year-round energy savings by filtering the suns energy in summer and reducing heat loss in winter. in the summer low-e products let in visible sunlight while blocking infrared and ultraviolet solar energy that drives up cooling costs and damages curtains, window treatments, carpeting, furnishings and art work. in winter low-e glass reflects room-side heat back into the room.
when the air space between the two panes of glass is filled with argon gas, heat loss is reduced and energy efficiency is improved. this occurs because the thermal conductivity of this inert gas is lower than air. by replacing air between the window panes with argon gas, thermal performance is increased.
approximately 80% of energy loss through a window occurs at its edge, super spacer ™ thermally efficient all-foam, non-metal properties will significantly reduce such loss. this will reduce the energy required to heat or cool your home, which is great for you and for the environment. warm edge technology also means that super spacer ™ controls condensation and mould resistance like no other spacer. insulation works both ways. as super spacer ™ is less conductive than metal spacer, it blocks heat from escaping or entering your home through the glass edge, providing optimal performance and the lowest u-value in the industry. the u-value of a window is the measure of its ability to transfer heat, so windows with the lowest u value are the most efficient insulators.
there are many glass options that can be added to your window. below are options available to you.
all delco windows are available in solid upvc white as well as four other colours that are co-extruded (not painted, manufactured in select colour).
these include sandalwood, sandstone, cream and grey. as an option the exterior can be painted to match any colour of your choice (white interior).