text:
SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price Company enjoys a high reputation in bearing industry , the quality of the SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price is self-evident.SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price company as one of the world's leading manufacturers with hundred years history .For the high-quality of SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price, whether a hub assembly of the family car , roller coaster , or aircraft engine , can appear SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price' figure. SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price have two hundred and thirty types, twenty-six thousand different specifications of the tapered roller bearings, which are widely used in many areas. SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price can meet the high demands of machine tools for high speed, precision and hardness requirements with its super precision . SKF 319434 DA-2LS bearing low price can produce for the difference of ABEC-7 to ABEC-9, and its highest standards of precision recognized by ball bearing industry .
Our company engaged in ( Rod Ends Bearing Wheel Hub, Wheel Hub Bearing, Needle Bearing, Ball Bearing, Roller Bearing, Cylindrical Bearing, Water Punmp Bearing, Spherical Plain Bearing, Linear Bearing, Auto Bearing , Pillow Block, Ball Screw, Linear Guide,Sprocket, Roller Chains,ect) with many year.
Full complement cylindrical roller bearing with snap ring grooves. Designation. Designation. MASS. Dimensions. basic load ratings. ASAL.REF. SKF.REF. KG . 319430 DA-2LS. 8.4. 150. 210. 80. 79. 465. 920. SL04160PP. 319432 DA-2LS. 8.8. 160. 220. 80. 79. 480. 970. SL04170PP. 319434 DA-2LS. 9.3. 170. 230. 80. 79.
2LS. Two land riding contact seals. V. Full complement bearing without cage. 6. Special Features. VA 301 Special bearing specifications for traction motors. VA 3091 319434 DA-2LS. 260 122. 121. 10.236 4.803 4.764. 1 010. 1 800. 193. 480. 22.5. NNF 5034 ADA-2LSV. 180. 240 80. 79. 7.087. 9.449. 3.150 3.110. 528.

lowercased:
skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price company enjoys a high reputation in bearing industry , the quality of the skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price is self-evident.skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price company as one of the world's leading manufacturers with hundred years history .for the high-quality of skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price, whether a hub assembly of the family car , roller coaster , or aircraft engine , can appear skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price' figure. skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price have two hundred and thirty types, twenty-six thousand different specifications of the tapered roller bearings, which are widely used in many areas. skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price can meet the high demands of machine tools for high speed, precision and hardness requirements with its super precision . skf 319434 da-2ls bearing low price can produce for the difference of abec-7 to abec-9, and its highest standards of precision recognized by ball bearing industry .
our company engaged in ( rod ends bearing wheel hub, wheel hub bearing, needle bearing, ball bearing, roller bearing, cylindrical bearing, water punmp bearing, spherical plain bearing, linear bearing, auto bearing , pillow block, ball screw, linear guide,sprocket, roller chains,ect) with many year.
full complement cylindrical roller bearing with snap ring grooves. designation. designation. mass. dimensions. basic load ratings. asal.ref. skf.ref. kg . 319430 da-2ls. 8.4. 150. 210. 80. 79. 465. 920. sl04160pp. 319432 da-2ls. 8.8. 160. 220. 80. 79. 480. 970. sl04170pp. 319434 da-2ls. 9.3. 170. 230. 80. 79.
2ls. two land riding contact seals. v. full complement bearing without cage. 6. special features. va 301 special bearing specifications for traction motors. va 3091 319434 da-2ls. 260 122. 121. 10.236 4.803 4.764. 1 010. 1 800. 193. 480. 22.5. nnf 5034 ada-2lsv. 180. 240 80. 79. 7.087. 9.449. 3.150 3.110. 528.


text:
This course is designed as a complete development programme for managers in charities and not-for-profit organisations. The programme was carefully and expertly developed in partnership with nine leading charities. The Voluntary Sector Management course is intended for highly motivated graduate-level staff with three or more years of management experience. It delivers immediate management benefits to the charity organisation while providing valuable personal career development for the individual. Significantly subsidised and therefore excellent value for money, the programme delivers: A broad understanding of the full portfolio of major charity functions, as well as deeper direct experience in two specialist areas relevant to your organisation; Up-to-date skills and techniques to apply directly to your day-to-day work with minimal time spent away from the office; The opportunity to network, study and share ideas, with peers from different but related backgrounds, bringing deep and immediately relevant insights to charity management; and Recognition with a City, University of London Business School Postgraduate Diploma or MSc degree in Voluntary Sector Management.
MSc: Students will normally have a good first degree, a related professional qualification or at least three years, wholly relevant experience. If you have more than three years relevant experience, two professional references are acceptable.
Postgraduate Diploma - PgDip: You must first completed the Diploma modules: Learning and Understanding the Voluntary Sector; Resource Management; Marketing and Fundraising; Strategy, Diversity and Governance; Shadowing; Organisation, Leadership and Change; and Managing People and Quality. You wil then complete: Research Methods for Managers. MSc: You must first completed the Diploma modules: Learning and Understanding the Voluntary Sector; Resource Management; Marketing and Fundraising; Strategy, Diversity and Governance; Shadowing; Organisation, Leadership and Change; and Managing People and Quality. You wil then complete: Research Methods for Managers.
Postgraduate Diploma - PgDip: Upon successful completion of the diploma, you will be given the option to continue to the MSc. This requires completion of the Research Methods for Managers module. This can be followed by a further six months of personal, supervised research and the presentation of a 15,000-word dissertation. Alternatively, you can opt to take a taught Masters which allows you to choose specialist modules from one of the other Charities programmes. MSc: Upon successful completion of the diploma, you will be given the option to continue to the MSc. This requires completion of the Research Methods for Managers module. This can be followed by a further six months of personal, supervised research and the presentation of a 15,000-word dissertation. Alternatively, you can opt to take a taught Masters which allows you to choose specialist modules from one of the other Charities programmes.

lowercased:
this course is designed as a complete development programme for managers in charities and not-for-profit organisations. the programme was carefully and expertly developed in partnership with nine leading charities. the voluntary sector management course is intended for highly motivated graduate-level staff with three or more years of management experience. it delivers immediate management benefits to the charity organisation while providing valuable personal career development for the individual. significantly subsidised and therefore excellent value for money, the programme delivers: a broad understanding of the full portfolio of major charity functions, as well as deeper direct experience in two specialist areas relevant to your organisation; up-to-date skills and techniques to apply directly to your day-to-day work with minimal time spent away from the office; the opportunity to network, study and share ideas, with peers from different but related backgrounds, bringing deep and immediately relevant insights to charity management; and recognition with a city, university of london business school postgraduate diploma or msc degree in voluntary sector management.
msc: students will normally have a good first degree, a related professional qualification or at least three years, wholly relevant experience. if you have more than three years relevant experience, two professional references are acceptable.
postgraduate diploma - pgdip: you must first completed the diploma modules: learning and understanding the voluntary sector; resource management; marketing and fundraising; strategy, diversity and governance; shadowing; organisation, leadership and change; and managing people and quality. you wil then complete: research methods for managers. msc: you must first completed the diploma modules: learning and understanding the voluntary sector; resource management; marketing and fundraising; strategy, diversity and governance; shadowing; organisation, leadership and change; and managing people and quality. you wil then complete: research methods for managers.
postgraduate diploma - pgdip: upon successful completion of the diploma, you will be given the option to continue to the msc. this requires completion of the research methods for managers module. this can be followed by a further six months of personal, supervised research and the presentation of a 15,000-word dissertation. alternatively, you can opt to take a taught masters which allows you to choose specialist modules from one of the other charities programmes. msc: upon successful completion of the diploma, you will be given the option to continue to the msc. this requires completion of the research methods for managers module. this can be followed by a further six months of personal, supervised research and the presentation of a 15,000-word dissertation. alternatively, you can opt to take a taught masters which allows you to choose specialist modules from one of the other charities programmes.


text: After decades of building bass guitars and cooperating with bass players, Warwick developed strings that meet everybodys needs. The Warwick Bass Strings deliver high quality, long lasting strings with a smooth feel for effortless playability. With advancements in technology of materials and manufacturing techniques, we are able to produce very durable strings and lower the tension, but keep the traditional feel and sound. The Warwick Strings have a huge bottom end, but retain the midrange bark that cuts through any type of mix. They are well balanced and provide very precise intonation and an extremely wide dynamic range. Enhanced Molecular Protection” (EMP) is a special treatment for coating strings. With all advantages of the Warwick Black Label strings, the EMPs with their inconspicuous coating last even longer, and are impervious to oxidation and corrosion that naturally comes with long-term use. The Warwick EMP Strings are high quality strings made in the USA, and are used on all of our Warwick Masterbuilt and Custom Shop Basses. The Warwick EMPs are available string sets or singles strings.

lowercased: after decades of building bass guitars and cooperating with bass players, warwick developed strings that meet everybodys needs. the warwick bass strings deliver high quality, long lasting strings with a smooth feel for effortless playability. with advancements in technology of materials and manufacturing techniques, we are able to produce very durable strings and lower the tension, but keep the traditional feel and sound. the warwick strings have a huge bottom end, but retain the midrange bark that cuts through any type of mix. they are well balanced and provide very precise intonation and an extremely wide dynamic range. enhanced molecular protection” (emp) is a special treatment for coating strings. with all advantages of the warwick black label strings, the emps with their inconspicuous coating last even longer, and are impervious to oxidation and corrosion that naturally comes with long-term use. the warwick emp strings are high quality strings made in the usa, and are used on all of our warwick masterbuilt and custom shop basses. the warwick emps are available string sets or singles strings.


text:
The new TBA containers guarantee a perfect overview, air circulation and simple stacking.
Hygienic and easy to clean - suitable for dishwashers.
Crates are stackable. Optimal air circulation.
In 3 dimensional sizes, perfectly stackable, color versions, prints, fully meet your demands.
Optionally with rubber or polyamide wheels. Forks galvanized or stainless steel, all customized.
Versatile helper for heavy loads.

lowercased:
the new tba containers guarantee a perfect overview, air circulation and simple stacking.
hygienic and easy to clean - suitable for dishwashers.
crates are stackable. optimal air circulation.
in 3 dimensional sizes, perfectly stackable, color versions, prints, fully meet your demands.
optionally with rubber or polyamide wheels. forks galvanized or stainless steel, all customized.
versatile helper for heavy loads.


text:
This matching bouquet is an 8 inch bouquet with tiffany blue and dark ivory roses accented with pink peonies.
This matching bouquet is a 6 inch bouquet made with tiffany blue and dark ivory roses accented with pink peonies.
This matching bouquet is a 4 inch bouquet with tiffany blue and dark ivory roses accented with pink peonies.

lowercased:
this matching bouquet is an 8 inch bouquet with tiffany blue and dark ivory roses accented with pink peonies.
this matching bouquet is a 6 inch bouquet made with tiffany blue and dark ivory roses accented with pink peonies.
this matching bouquet is a 4 inch bouquet with tiffany blue and dark ivory roses accented with pink peonies.


text:
A municipal wastewater (Q0 = 104 m3 d-1, S0 = 500 mg L-1 COD, Xe = 0 mg L-1) is to be treated by an activated sludge process. The aerobic reactor is completely mixed. For a bacterial concentration of X = 2 g L-1 MLSS, an effluent COD concentration of S = 25 mg L-1 COD of dissolved biodegradable substances should be reached.
1. Calculate the sludge age tRX and the critical sludge age tRXC.
2. Calculate the reactor volume V.
3. What is the mass flow rate of the surplus sludge which must be removed daily?
4. What is the critical mass flow rate?
5. Calculate the mass of bacteria which will be reduced by bacterial decay daily.

lowercased:
a municipal wastewater (q0 = 104 m3 d-1, s0 = 500 mg l-1 cod, xe = 0 mg l-1) is to be treated by an activated sludge process. the aerobic reactor is completely mixed. for a bacterial concentration of x = 2 g l-1 mlss, an effluent cod concentration of s = 25 mg l-1 cod of dissolved biodegradable substances should be reached.
1. calculate the sludge age trx and the critical sludge age trxc.
2. calculate the reactor volume v.
3. what is the mass flow rate of the surplus sludge which must be removed daily?
4. what is the critical mass flow rate?
5. calculate the mass of bacteria which will be reduced by bacterial decay daily.


text:
Energy Trust five-year strategic plans are required by a grant agreement with the Oregon Public Utility Commission and describe our goals, program strategies and ongoing operations.
They are developed through an open and transparent process that invites public engagement and comments. This process gives Energy Trust stakeholders and interested citizens an opportunity to guide the organization’s broad direction.
Draft plans are presented at board and advisory council meetings, at public outreach events or webinars available to communities across the state and on our website. Public comments are considered by the board and help shape the final strategic plan.

lowercased:
energy trust five-year strategic plans are required by a grant agreement with the oregon public utility commission and describe our goals, program strategies and ongoing operations.
they are developed through an open and transparent process that invites public engagement and comments. this process gives energy trust stakeholders and interested citizens an opportunity to guide the organization’s broad direction.
draft plans are presented at board and advisory council meetings, at public outreach events or webinars available to communities across the state and on our website. public comments are considered by the board and help shape the final strategic plan.


text:
I show Bat-eared Fox figure made in September.
Let's start with the work process first.
The following are pictures of the finished work that has been completed until coloring.
I love him face. Big congratulations.
I love your work! Fantastic job, it looks very realistic.
I agree with our friends, the face is particularly beautiful and it is impressive the way you work the fur, it seems to have real layers of it, namely on tail. Absolutely wonderful for a fox lover as I am.
Wow, this is awesome! Thank you for sharing the in progress pictures and the finished fox! Very interesting how you do it!!

lowercased:
i show bat-eared fox figure made in september.
let's start with the work process first.
the following are pictures of the finished work that has been completed until coloring.
i love him face. big congratulations.
i love your work! fantastic job, it looks very realistic.
i agree with our friends, the face is particularly beautiful and it is impressive the way you work the fur, it seems to have real layers of it, namely on tail. absolutely wonderful for a fox lover as i am.
wow, this is awesome! thank you for sharing the in progress pictures and the finished fox! very interesting how you do it!!


text:
Candidates can check the list of the shortlisted candidates here !
उम्मीदवार यहाँ क्लीक कर हिंदी में मेरिट लिस्ट देखें !
The Union Public Service Commission has officially released the merit list for the second phase of Civil Services Recruitment. The exam held from 28th September to 7th October. UPSC candidates who appeared for UPSC Mains Examination can check the list and see if their roll number has been mentioned.
The shortlisted candidates will now appear for the final stage i.e. the personality test, after which, the final merit list will be prepared for UPSC Civil Services Recruitment 2018.
NOTE: Personality Test of these candidates is likely to commence from 4th February 2019.
The UPSC civil services exam, considered one of the toughest exams in the country is attempted by lakhs of people. Out of them, only a tiny fraction emerges successful after the long-drawn process concludes. The IAS exam is so rigorous that the toppers generally create much curiosity every year. Aspirants are eager to know the toppers’ mark. So, we bring you IAS toppers’ marks in all the subjects in the civil services exam.
UPSC सिविल सर्विस में सफल उम्मीदवारों के अंक (हिंदी में) : यहाँ क्लिक करें !
Union Public Service Commission or UPSC has declared the final result of IAS 2017-18 as of today. The final list consists of roll number of candidates selected for Indian Administrative Service (IAS). As per the result, Anudeep Durishetty topped the UPSC IAS 2017-18 examination, followed by Anu Kumari, on the second rank. Anu Kumari is topper among all the female candidates too.
As per the result IAS 2017-18 final result the top 25 candidates include 17 men and 8 women. The background of these candidates belongs to Engineering; Sciences; Anthropology; Management; Law; Mathematics; Medical and Commerce. Also, these top 25 candidates have graduated from premier Institutions of country.
As per the result, we can clearly state that the written part of the examination conducted in between October-November, 2017 and the interviews for Personality Test held between February-April, 2018, as many as 990 names were recommended for appointment.
The Civil Services Main Examination is the second stage of the Civil Services Exam. Only those candidates who clear IAS Prelims are eligible to sit for IAS Mains. It comprises 9 papers, out of which marks for only 7 are taken into consideration while preparing the merit list & the remaining 2 are merely qualifying in nature.
Each candidate who is eligible for taking the Main Examination has to choose an optional subject, in addition to General Studies & Essay Paper, which are mandatory for all candidates.
The Civil Services Exam is considered to be the mother of all exams. The syllabus is very vast and each part of the syllabus calls for a detailed strategy which may be unique for each candidate. However, Onlinetyari has set out a new initiative wherein we guide IAS aspirants by providing detailed strategies to tackle the IAS Exam.
As per UPSC, the General Studies papers are so designed as to test the general awareness of a candidate on a variety of subjects. These subjects have been so chosen that they would be relevant for a career in the Civil Services. The nature & standard of questions asked would be such that a candidate would need no specialized study to answer them.
The Civil Services Mains exam calls for simply a basic understanding of issues that are relevant to the exam. What this essentially means is that, you have to be aware of the issues that are relevant from the exam point of view and know certain basics around them. Since, there are issues too many, you can not afford to get into the details of all of them. IAS Mains syllabus would come in handy here. Always remember to go through the UPSC Syllabus while you prepare.
Merely remembering facts around the issues is not sufficient. Candidates must be able to analyze those events in context of the larger picture.
All candidates besides knowing and analysing issues must also have the ability to form their own opinion around them. This is very critical to your scores in the General Studies Papers. As a candidate, you would have to look at all issues from a very balanced perspective. You can not afford to have a partisan approach. While framing your opinions, it is always advised that you must weigh both the pros and cons and then come to a conclusion.
How to crack General Studies for IAS Mains?
All those candidates who give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers to the questions asked are likely to score better than the rest. UPSC is very serious around the Word Limits that are predefined for each question. Besides, the number of questions that are asked in the General Studies Paper is also a lot. Thus, there is a time constraint that you need to take care of.
So, remember, as an IAS aspirant, you do not need to have a doctorate in each of the subjects that are a part of IAS Mains syllabus to crack General Studies for IAS Mains. Just make sure you read the question well, write only relevant & succinct answers, present them wonderfully.
NOTE: More on Strategy for General Studies IAS Mains on OnlineTyari Blog.
जलवायु परिवर्तन से संबंधित प्रमुख अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन : मुख्य तथ्य !
राज्य सभा : परिचय , मतदान प्रक्रिया और शक्तियां !
IAS साक्षात्कार परीक्षा में कैसे पाएं प्रथम प्रयास में सफलता !
UPSC CSE (IAS) मुख्य परीक्षा में प्रभावी उत्तर कैसे लिखें ?
GS पेपर 4 के तहत एथिक्स आधारित केस स्टडी प्रश्नों का समाधान कैसे करें !
which include 32 vacancies reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disability Category, i.e.
2 Vacancies : for (e) multiple disabilities from amongst persons under clauses (a) to (c) including deaf-blindness.
Candidates do not have to register separately for IAS Mains Exam. Candidates who are declared by the Commission to have qualified for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination will have to apply online again, in the Detailed Application Form (DAF) which would be made available to them. The DAF has to be filled very carefully because the candidates are required to submit their Post & Cadre preferences besides other important details through the detailed application form only.
Successful candidates appearing for IAS Mains are sent out an auto generated e-mail by the UPSC, with their login credentials. Candidates have to fill the DAF online and also take a print out of the same & send it over to the Union Public Service Commission in the manner as prescribed by the UPSC.
1. For IAS & IPS: A candidate must be a citizen of India.
e. A Person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.
For Physically Handicapped Candidate: 42 years for General candidate, 45 years for OBC candidate and 47 years for SC/ST candidates.
There would be a 5 year age relaxation if a candidate had ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from the 1st January, 1980 to the 31st December, 1989.
In order to appear for IAS Mains exams, candidates must have cleared the IAS Prelims the same year. Also, in order to appear for the IAS Prelims exam, candidates must meet the educational qualifications. Click here to know more about educational qualifications for IAS Prelims.
As per the revised UPSC pattern, candidates have to appear for 9 descriptive papers as part of IAS Main Exam. And out of these nine papers, marks for only 7 are counted. The remaining two are merely qualifying in nature and the candidate has to score minimum marks prescribed by UPSC, each year, to qualify.
Candidates have to qualify two papers: Paper A: English & Paper B: Indian Languages (mentioned in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution). These two exams are of 300 marks each. It is important to note that if a candidate fails to qualify any of these papers, his answer scripts for the remaining papers will not be evaluated. The Commission will have the discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all papers of the examination.
The essay is to be written in the medium or language of the candidate's choice. Candidates will be required to write essays on specific topics. UPSC will give the choice of topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
General Studies I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.
The Civil Services Main Examination is subjective type in nature. As per the latest IAS Exam 2017 pattern, there are 9 descriptive papers in IAS Mains, out of which marks for only 7 are taken into consideration while preparing the final merit. The remaining two are merely qualifying in nature and the candidate has to score minimum marks prescribed by UPSC, each year, to qualify.
The 7 papers whose marks are counted towards the final merit are of 250 marks each. While the two qualifying papers are of 300 marks each.
Paper-A: Language -300 Marks : One Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution.
What is the objective behind conducting the Main Examination?
According to the UPSC Civil Services Notification, the objective of the Main Examination is to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than their information, memory and recall only. This means the candidates are evaluated not only on the basis of the information they possess but also their ability to understand, analyse and relate their knowledge in the context of the questions asked.
What is the Nature & Standard of Questions asked in the IAS Mains Exam?
As regarding the nature and standard of questions asked in the IAS Mains Exam, the general opinion that prevails is that UPSC can ask anything & everything under the sky. This is because they feel that the UPSC Syllabus leaves nothing untouched. However, there is a science behind this and the questions asked in the Civil Services Mains Examination are not so random after all.
There would be two papers for Optional Subjects in IAS Main Examination. One for Paper-I & Paper-II each and both would be 250 marks each. i.e. If you have Sociology as your optional, you'd need to appear for Sociology Paper-I & Paper-II. Same goes for all optional subjects.
The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for IAS Mains is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. one level higher than the Bachelors' degree and lower than the Masters' degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors' degree.
Each of the Candidates sitting for UPSC Mains Examination has to choose one optional subject from amongst the list of optionals provided by the Union Public Service Commission. It is not mandatory to choose your Optional Subject, the same as your Graduation/Post-Graduation subject. For example, an Electrical engineer can choose to appear for IAS Mains with Kannada as an Optional Subject, a Doctor can pick History as his/her optional, a humanities student can choose Medical Science if he so likes.
Each of these Optional Subjects comes with its own detailed syllabus.
(xvii) Indian Information Service(Junior Grade), Group ‘A’.
*Cut off marks on the basis of GS Paper-I only. GS Paper-II was of qualifying nature with 33% marks as per Rule-15 of Civil Services Examination, 2017.
Ques.- What items are banned at the Examination Venues?
(a) Mobile phones, smart watches, bluetooth, pagers or any other communication devices and IT gadgets are banned items and are therefore not allowed inside the premises where the examination is being conducted. Any infringement of these instructions shall entail disciplinary action including ban from future examinations.
(b)Candidates are advised in their own interest not to bring any of the banned items including mobile phones/bluetooth/pagers to the venue of the examination.
(c) Candidates are also advised not to bring any valuable/expensive items to the Examination Halls, as safety of such items cannot be assured. Commission will not be responsible for any loss in this regard.
Ques.- To how many services am I eligible to be recruited on the basis CSE?
The above mentioned services are categorized / classified into (i) Technical Services and (ii) Non-Technical services. Based on your medical report, you are either eligible/fit only for all nontechnical services (not fit for technical services), both eligible/fit for technical as well as all non-technical services (fit for all services) or eligible/fit for non-technical and some of the technical services or eligible/fit for none of the technical as well as non-technical service (unfit for all services).
Ques.- What is a TECHNICAL SERVICE?
Ques.-Which are the Non-Technical services?
The Indian Administrative Service, Indian Foreign Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group 'A', Indian Revenue Service (Customs & Central Excise) Gr. "A", Indian Revenue Service, (IT) Group 'A', Indian Postal Service, Group 'A', Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group 'A', Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A', Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group 'A', The Indian Defence Estates Service, Group 'A', Indian Information Service, Junior Grade Group 'A' Indian Corporate Law Service. Group 'A', Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep. Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service, Group 'B'.
Ques.- Whether a candidate who is allocated to one of the services participating in the Civil Service Examination can again appear in the Civil Service Examination for improvement?
Ques.-How are candidates shortlisted for being called for interview for a particular post?
The candidates must fulfill the prescribed minimum essential qualifications required for a particular post to get shortlisted. However, in case there are a large number of Applications, the Commission adopts a shortlisting criteria to restrict the number of candidates to be called for interview to a reasonable number in accordance with the methods mentioned in the detailed advertisement (Note-II under “INSTRUCTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES FOR RECRUITMENT BY SELECTION”).
Ques.-How shall I get information regarding interviews?
The call letter will be sent on your e-mail provided in the Online application. The practice of sending interview Call letters by post has now been discontinued. The candidates who have applied are, therefore, advised to check their e-mails regularly.
Ques.-What documents should I carry at the time of interview?
The candidates are informed about the list of documents required to be produced at the time of interview. This list is annexed to their Interview Call Letter sent through e-mail.
Ques.-Can I carry my mobile, laptop or any other communication devices, with me for the Interview or Recruitment Test?
No. Such gadgets are strictly prohibited during interviews or for Recruitment Tests.
Ques.-How are candidates assessed by the Interview Boards?
(a) The objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for the post for which he/she has been called for interview. The idea is to judge the candidate through a fair and impartial assessment and award marks based on his/her overall performance. (b) The interview is not merely a test of knowledge (whether general or in subject matter) but an attempt to assess the potential of the individual for being shaped into a competent, dedicated and honest officer who can be entrusted with the tasks and responsibilities associated with public service. (c) Candidates are judged on the basis of their overall records (educational qualifications, knowledge, experience, interests, activities etc.) and performance in the interview. However, marks are awarded on an overall basis and not on individual attributes separately.
Ques.-What is the composition of the Interview Board?
An Interview Board is headed by a President, who is generally assisted by three Advisers who are Experts in their respective field(s)/discipline(s).
Ques.-Can I know the details like designation, academic qualifications etc. regarding Interview Board Members?
No. These details are not disclosed in compliance with Orders of Hon’ble Supreme Court in Civil Appeal No. 9052 of 2012 [arising out of SLP(C) No. 20217 of 2011], filed by BPSC Vs Saiyed Hussain Abbas Rizwi & Anr.
Ques.- What are the Maximum Marks and the minimum qualifying marks in the interview?
Ques.- Do the President and the Advisers give marks separately to a candidate?
No. Marks are assigned by consensus.
Ques.-Can a candidate belonging to one of the reserved categories viz., Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes/Other Backward Classes/Physically Handicapped be recommended for selection against an unreserved vacancy?
A candidate belonging to one of the reserved categories can be recommended against an unreserved vacancy if he/she meets the criterion adopted for the unreserved category candidates and does not avail of any relaxation.
Ques.-How is the seniority of candidates recommended by the UPSC determined?
The UPSC only recommends selected candidates in the order of merit. The fixation of seniority of recommended candidates in their respective cadres/grades falls within the purview of the Ministries/Departments concerned and is determined by them.
Ques.-Who verifies the character and antecedents of candidates recommended by the UPSC?
The Ministries/Departments concerned and the Cadre Controlling Authorities are responsible for verification of the character and antecedents of the candidates recommended by the UPSC.
Ques.- What is the main function of the All India Services (AIS) Branch?
The main function of the All India Services Branch of the Commission is to assist the Commission in induction of State Services Officers into the All India Services through Promotion or by Selection.
Ques.- Does the AIS Branch deal with the regular promotion cases/disciplinary cases/other service matters of the All India Services?
No. AIS branch deals only with appointment by promotion of State Civil Service (SCS)/State Police Service (SPS)/State Forest Service (SFS) Officers to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS)/Indian Police Service (IPS)/Indian Forest Service (IFS) respectively and appointment by Selection of Non-State Civil Services (NSCS) Officers to the IAS.
Ques.- Whether medical examination of candidates qualified in CSE (Mains) is mandatory?
Ques.- From where a candidate can get an access to Appendix-III to CSE Rules as well as information relating to his/her medical examination?
Ques.- What are the instructions for the candidates to follow before appearing the central standing medical board (CSMB) for medical examination?
Candidate belonging to Physical Handicapped (PH) category is advised to bring along the appliances being used by him/her for his/her disability.
Ques.- Whether the candidate can leave the medical examination incomplete?
Ques.- Whether formal permission of the Chairman of the Medical Board would be required by the candidate before leaving the medical examination?
Ques.- Whether medical examination report should be shared with the candidate?
Ques.- Is there any provision for appeal against the findings of medical examination?
Ques.- Whether it is mandatory to enclose certificate in support of his/her of being a fit candidate?
Ques.- Where will the medical examination by the Appellate Medical Board be held?
Ques.- When a candidate would be required to present himself/herself before Appellate Medical Board?
Ques.- What will happen if a candidate fails to present himself before Appellate Medical Board on the scheduled date?
Ques.- Whether there is any opportunity to file the appeal for review of the findings of Appellate Medical Board?
Ques.- Whether there is provision for appeal of PH candidate against findings of CSMB?
Ques.-Whether any fee will charged from PH for filing appeal against CSMB ?
Ques.- Who will constitute medical board?
Ques.- Whether Chairman of CSMBs may consult specialists of other designated hospitals before giving a medical report?
Ques.- Whose decision as regards to fitness of the candidates shall be final?
Ques.- What will be the constitution of the Appellate Medical Board?
Ques.- Who will examine PH candidate on their appeal?
Appellate Disability Medical Board (ADMB) constituted by Government would examine PH candidate on their appeal.
Ques.- Whether it is mandatory to have lady doctor in the medical examination of lady candidate?
Ques.- What is the procedure for the candidate having temporary unfitness?
Ques.- In how many months such candidates would be re-examined?
Temporary unfit candidate would be re-examined within a period not exceeding 6 months. After the re-examination final report as regards to his/ her fitness or otherwise for appointment to service would be given. Issues relating to candidates belonging to PH category.
Ques.- What should be the degree of disability for claiming reservation in posts/services under the Central Government?
Ques.-Who is the competent authority to issue Disability Certificate?
Ques.-What is Physical Requirement and Functional Classification (PR & FC)?
Ques.- Where PR and FC are for various services participating in CSE have been indicated?
Ques.- Who is PH for the purpose of service allocation on the basis of CSE?
Ques.- Who can issue the disability certificate?
Ques.- Whether there is prescribed format for disability certificate?
Yes, there is a prescribed format for issue of disability certificate.
Ques.- What is the date by which disability certificate should have been issued to a candidate appearing in CSE?
Ques.- Whether PH candidate would be medically examined after interview?
Ques.- Who is competent to give permanent disability certificate?
Ques.-Whether the disability certificate can be denied without giving an opportunity to candidate?
Ques.- For how many services one can indicate his/her preference?
Ques.- Whether change of preference of services once indicated is permitted?
Ques.- I have not indicated preferences for all the service for CSE 2012. What will happen if I do not get service for which I have indicated preference?
Ques.- Who is General Merit (GM) or Meritorious Reserved Category (MRC) candidate?
Ques.- What is Service allocation from Reserve List ?
Ques.- When requisitions are sent by DOPT to UPSC for recommending names from Reserve List? Requisition is sent to UPSC when after service allocation from CSE (Main) List, it becomes clear as to whether a particular GM candidate has been allocated service against unreserved vacancy or has switched over to his/her category.
Ques.- What are the parameters on which service allocation to a particular candidate is decided? Service allocation to a particular candidate is depending on rank of the candidate in CSE, his/ her order of preference for service, his/her category, availability of vacancy in his/her category at his /her turn and findings of Medical Board/Appellate Board in respect of him/her.
Ques.- Whether success in Civil Services Examination creates indefeasible right for appointment? No. Success in the examination does not confer indefeasible right for appointment unless Govt. is satisfied after such enquiry as may be considered necessary that the candidate having regard to his character & antecedents is suitable in all respects for appointments to the service.

lowercased:
candidates can check the list of the shortlisted candidates here !
उम्मीदवार यहाँ क्लीक कर हिंदी में मेरिट लिस्ट देखें !
the union public service commission has officially released the merit list for the second phase of civil services recruitment. the exam held from 28th september to 7th october. upsc candidates who appeared for upsc mains examination can check the list and see if their roll number has been mentioned.
the shortlisted candidates will now appear for the final stage i.e. the personality test, after which, the final merit list will be prepared for upsc civil services recruitment 2018.
note: personality test of these candidates is likely to commence from 4th february 2019.
the upsc civil services exam, considered one of the toughest exams in the country is attempted by lakhs of people. out of them, only a tiny fraction emerges successful after the long-drawn process concludes. the ias exam is so rigorous that the toppers generally create much curiosity every year. aspirants are eager to know the toppers’ mark. so, we bring you ias toppers’ marks in all the subjects in the civil services exam.
upsc सिविल सर्विस में सफल उम्मीदवारों के अंक (हिंदी में) : यहाँ क्लिक करें !
union public service commission or upsc has declared the final result of ias 2017-18 as of today. the final list consists of roll number of candidates selected for indian administrative service (ias). as per the result, anudeep durishetty topped the upsc ias 2017-18 examination, followed by anu kumari, on the second rank. anu kumari is topper among all the female candidates too.
as per the result ias 2017-18 final result the top 25 candidates include 17 men and 8 women. the background of these candidates belongs to engineering; sciences; anthropology; management; law; mathematics; medical and commerce. also, these top 25 candidates have graduated from premier institutions of country.
as per the result, we can clearly state that the written part of the examination conducted in between october-november, 2017 and the interviews for personality test held between february-april, 2018, as many as 990 names were recommended for appointment.
the civil services main examination is the second stage of the civil services exam. only those candidates who clear ias prelims are eligible to sit for ias mains. it comprises 9 papers, out of which marks for only 7 are taken into consideration while preparing the merit list & the remaining 2 are merely qualifying in nature.
each candidate who is eligible for taking the main examination has to choose an optional subject, in addition to general studies & essay paper, which are mandatory for all candidates.
the civil services exam is considered to be the mother of all exams. the syllabus is very vast and each part of the syllabus calls for a detailed strategy which may be unique for each candidate. however, onlinetyari has set out a new initiative wherein we guide ias aspirants by providing detailed strategies to tackle the ias exam.
as per upsc, the general studies papers are so designed as to test the general awareness of a candidate on a variety of subjects. these subjects have been so chosen that they would be relevant for a career in the civil services. the nature & standard of questions asked would be such that a candidate would need no specialized study to answer them.
the civil services mains exam calls for simply a basic understanding of issues that are relevant to the exam. what this essentially means is that, you have to be aware of the issues that are relevant from the exam point of view and know certain basics around them. since, there are issues too many, you can not afford to get into the details of all of them. ias mains syllabus would come in handy here. always remember to go through the upsc syllabus while you prepare.
merely remembering facts around the issues is not sufficient. candidates must be able to analyze those events in context of the larger picture.
all candidates besides knowing and analysing issues must also have the ability to form their own opinion around them. this is very critical to your scores in the general studies papers. as a candidate, you would have to look at all issues from a very balanced perspective. you can not afford to have a partisan approach. while framing your opinions, it is always advised that you must weigh both the pros and cons and then come to a conclusion.
how to crack general studies for ias mains?
all those candidates who give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers to the questions asked are likely to score better than the rest. upsc is very serious around the word limits that are predefined for each question. besides, the number of questions that are asked in the general studies paper is also a lot. thus, there is a time constraint that you need to take care of.
so, remember, as an ias aspirant, you do not need to have a doctorate in each of the subjects that are a part of ias mains syllabus to crack general studies for ias mains. just make sure you read the question well, write only relevant & succinct answers, present them wonderfully.
note: more on strategy for general studies ias mains on onlinetyari blog.
जलवायु परिवर्तन से संबंधित प्रमुख अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन : मुख्य तथ्य !
राज्य सभा : परिचय , मतदान प्रक्रिया और शक्तियां !
ias साक्षात्कार परीक्षा में कैसे पाएं प्रथम प्रयास में सफलता !
upsc cse (ias) मुख्य परीक्षा में प्रभावी उत्तर कैसे लिखें ?
gs पेपर 4 के तहत एथिक्स आधारित केस स्टडी प्रश्नों का समाधान कैसे करें !
which include 32 vacancies reserved for persons with benchmark disability category, i.e.
2 vacancies : for (e) multiple disabilities from amongst persons under clauses (a) to (c) including deaf-blindness.
candidates do not have to register separately for ias mains exam. candidates who are declared by the commission to have qualified for admission to the civil services (main) examination will have to apply online again, in the detailed application form (daf) which would be made available to them. the daf has to be filled very carefully because the candidates are required to submit their post & cadre preferences besides other important details through the detailed application form only.
successful candidates appearing for ias mains are sent out an auto generated e-mail by the upsc, with their login credentials. candidates have to fill the daf online and also take a print out of the same & send it over to the union public service commission in the manner as prescribed by the upsc.
1. for ias & ips: a candidate must be a citizen of india.
e. a person of indian origin who has migrated from pakistan, burma, sri lanka, east african countries of kenya, uganda, the united republic of tanzania, zambia, malawi, zaire, ethiopia and vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in india.
for physically handicapped candidate: 42 years for general candidate, 45 years for obc candidate and 47 years for sc/st candidates.
there would be a 5 year age relaxation if a candidate had ordinarily been domiciled in the state of jammu & kashmir during the period from the 1st january, 1980 to the 31st december, 1989.
in order to appear for ias mains exams, candidates must have cleared the ias prelims the same year. also, in order to appear for the ias prelims exam, candidates must meet the educational qualifications. click here to know more about educational qualifications for ias prelims.
as per the revised upsc pattern, candidates have to appear for 9 descriptive papers as part of ias main exam. and out of these nine papers, marks for only 7 are counted. the remaining two are merely qualifying in nature and the candidate has to score minimum marks prescribed by upsc, each year, to qualify.
candidates have to qualify two papers: paper a: english & paper b: indian languages (mentioned in the eighth schedule of the indian constitution). these two exams are of 300 marks each. it is important to note that if a candidate fails to qualify any of these papers, his answer scripts for the remaining papers will not be evaluated. the commission will have the discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all papers of the examination.
the essay is to be written in the medium or language of the candidate's choice. candidates will be required to write essays on specific topics. upsc will give the choice of topics. they will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
general studies i: indian heritage and culture, history and geography of the world and society.
the civil services main examination is subjective type in nature. as per the latest ias exam 2017 pattern, there are 9 descriptive papers in ias mains, out of which marks for only 7 are taken into consideration while preparing the final merit. the remaining two are merely qualifying in nature and the candidate has to score minimum marks prescribed by upsc, each year, to qualify.
the 7 papers whose marks are counted towards the final merit are of 250 marks each. while the two qualifying papers are of 300 marks each.
paper-a: language -300 marks : one indian language to be selected by the candidate from the languages included in the eighth schedule to the constitution.
what is the objective behind conducting the main examination?
according to the upsc civil services notification, the objective of the main examination is to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than their information, memory and recall only. this means the candidates are evaluated not only on the basis of the information they possess but also their ability to understand, analyse and relate their knowledge in the context of the questions asked.
what is the nature & standard of questions asked in the ias mains exam?
as regarding the nature and standard of questions asked in the ias mains exam, the general opinion that prevails is that upsc can ask anything & everything under the sky. this is because they feel that the upsc syllabus leaves nothing untouched. however, there is a science behind this and the questions asked in the civil services mains examination are not so random after all.
there would be two papers for optional subjects in ias main examination. one for paper-i & paper-ii each and both would be 250 marks each. i.e. if you have sociology as your optional, you'd need to appear for sociology paper-i & paper-ii. same goes for all optional subjects.
the scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (paper vi and paper vii) for ias mains is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. one level higher than the bachelors' degree and lower than the masters' degree. in the case of engineering, medical science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors' degree.
each of the candidates sitting for upsc mains examination has to choose one optional subject from amongst the list of optionals provided by the union public service commission. it is not mandatory to choose your optional subject, the same as your graduation/post-graduation subject. for example, an electrical engineer can choose to appear for ias mains with kannada as an optional subject, a doctor can pick history as his/her optional, a humanities student can choose medical science if he so likes.
each of these optional subjects comes with its own detailed syllabus.
(xvii) indian information service(junior grade), group ‘a’.
*cut off marks on the basis of gs paper-i only. gs paper-ii was of qualifying nature with 33% marks as per rule-15 of civil services examination, 2017.
ques.- what items are banned at the examination venues?
(a) mobile phones, smart watches, bluetooth, pagers or any other communication devices and it gadgets are banned items and are therefore not allowed inside the premises where the examination is being conducted. any infringement of these instructions shall entail disciplinary action including ban from future examinations.
(b)candidates are advised in their own interest not to bring any of the banned items including mobile phones/bluetooth/pagers to the venue of the examination.
(c) candidates are also advised not to bring any valuable/expensive items to the examination halls, as safety of such items cannot be assured. commission will not be responsible for any loss in this regard.
ques.- to how many services am i eligible to be recruited on the basis cse?
the above mentioned services are categorized / classified into (i) technical services and (ii) non-technical services. based on your medical report, you are either eligible/fit only for all nontechnical services (not fit for technical services), both eligible/fit for technical as well as all non-technical services (fit for all services) or eligible/fit for non-technical and some of the technical services or eligible/fit for none of the technical as well as non-technical service (unfit for all services).
ques.- what is a technical service?
ques.-which are the non-technical services?
the indian administrative service, indian foreign service, indian audit and accounts service, group 'a', indian revenue service (customs & central excise) gr. "a", indian revenue service, (it) group 'a', indian postal service, group 'a', indian civil accounts service, group 'a', indian railway accounts service, group 'a', indian railway personnel service, group 'a', the indian defence estates service, group 'a', indian information service, junior grade group 'a' indian corporate law service. group 'a', delhi, andaman and nicobar islands, lakshadweep. daman & diu and dadra & nagar haveli civil service, group 'b'.
ques.- whether a candidate who is allocated to one of the services participating in the civil service examination can again appear in the civil service examination for improvement?
ques.-how are candidates shortlisted for being called for interview for a particular post?
the candidates must fulfill the prescribed minimum essential qualifications required for a particular post to get shortlisted. however, in case there are a large number of applications, the commission adopts a shortlisting criteria to restrict the number of candidates to be called for interview to a reasonable number in accordance with the methods mentioned in the detailed advertisement (note-ii under “instructions and additional information to candidates for recruitment by selection”).
ques.-how shall i get information regarding interviews?
the call letter will be sent on your e-mail provided in the online application. the practice of sending interview call letters by post has now been discontinued. the candidates who have applied are, therefore, advised to check their e-mails regularly.
ques.-what documents should i carry at the time of interview?
the candidates are informed about the list of documents required to be produced at the time of interview. this list is annexed to their interview call letter sent through e-mail.
ques.-can i carry my mobile, laptop or any other communication devices, with me for the interview or recruitment test?
no. such gadgets are strictly prohibited during interviews or for recruitment tests.
ques.-how are candidates assessed by the interview boards?
(a) the objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for the post for which he/she has been called for interview. the idea is to judge the candidate through a fair and impartial assessment and award marks based on his/her overall performance. (b) the interview is not merely a test of knowledge (whether general or in subject matter) but an attempt to assess the potential of the individual for being shaped into a competent, dedicated and honest officer who can be entrusted with the tasks and responsibilities associated with public service. (c) candidates are judged on the basis of their overall records (educational qualifications, knowledge, experience, interests, activities etc.) and performance in the interview. however, marks are awarded on an overall basis and not on individual attributes separately.
ques.-what is the composition of the interview board?
an interview board is headed by a president, who is generally assisted by three advisers who are experts in their respective field(s)/discipline(s).
ques.-can i know the details like designation, academic qualifications etc. regarding interview board members?
no. these details are not disclosed in compliance with orders of hon’ble supreme court in civil appeal no. 9052 of 2012 [arising out of slp(c) no. 20217 of 2011], filed by bpsc vs saiyed hussain abbas rizwi & anr.
ques.- what are the maximum marks and the minimum qualifying marks in the interview?
ques.- do the president and the advisers give marks separately to a candidate?
no. marks are assigned by consensus.
ques.-can a candidate belonging to one of the reserved categories viz., scheduled castes/scheduled tribes/other backward classes/physically handicapped be recommended for selection against an unreserved vacancy?
a candidate belonging to one of the reserved categories can be recommended against an unreserved vacancy if he/she meets the criterion adopted for the unreserved category candidates and does not avail of any relaxation.
ques.-how is the seniority of candidates recommended by the upsc determined?
the upsc only recommends selected candidates in the order of merit. the fixation of seniority of recommended candidates in their respective cadres/grades falls within the purview of the ministries/departments concerned and is determined by them.
ques.-who verifies the character and antecedents of candidates recommended by the upsc?
the ministries/departments concerned and the cadre controlling authorities are responsible for verification of the character and antecedents of the candidates recommended by the upsc.
ques.- what is the main function of the all india services (ais) branch?
the main function of the all india services branch of the commission is to assist the commission in induction of state services officers into the all india services through promotion or by selection.
ques.- does the ais branch deal with the regular promotion cases/disciplinary cases/other service matters of the all india services?
no. ais branch deals only with appointment by promotion of state civil service (scs)/state police service (sps)/state forest service (sfs) officers to the indian administrative service (ias)/indian police service (ips)/indian forest service (ifs) respectively and appointment by selection of non-state civil services (nscs) officers to the ias.
ques.- whether medical examination of candidates qualified in cse (mains) is mandatory?
ques.- from where a candidate can get an access to appendix-iii to cse rules as well as information relating to his/her medical examination?
ques.- what are the instructions for the candidates to follow before appearing the central standing medical board (csmb) for medical examination?
candidate belonging to physical handicapped (ph) category is advised to bring along the appliances being used by him/her for his/her disability.
ques.- whether the candidate can leave the medical examination incomplete?
ques.- whether formal permission of the chairman of the medical board would be required by the candidate before leaving the medical examination?
ques.- whether medical examination report should be shared with the candidate?
ques.- is there any provision for appeal against the findings of medical examination?
ques.- whether it is mandatory to enclose certificate in support of his/her of being a fit candidate?
ques.- where will the medical examination by the appellate medical board be held?
ques.- when a candidate would be required to present himself/herself before appellate medical board?
ques.- what will happen if a candidate fails to present himself before appellate medical board on the scheduled date?
ques.- whether there is any opportunity to file the appeal for review of the findings of appellate medical board?
ques.- whether there is provision for appeal of ph candidate against findings of csmb?
ques.-whether any fee will charged from ph for filing appeal against csmb ?
ques.- who will constitute medical board?
ques.- whether chairman of csmbs may consult specialists of other designated hospitals before giving a medical report?
ques.- whose decision as regards to fitness of the candidates shall be final?
ques.- what will be the constitution of the appellate medical board?
ques.- who will examine ph candidate on their appeal?
appellate disability medical board (admb) constituted by government would examine ph candidate on their appeal.
ques.- whether it is mandatory to have lady doctor in the medical examination of lady candidate?
ques.- what is the procedure for the candidate having temporary unfitness?
ques.- in how many months such candidates would be re-examined?
temporary unfit candidate would be re-examined within a period not exceeding 6 months. after the re-examination final report as regards to his/ her fitness or otherwise for appointment to service would be given. issues relating to candidates belonging to ph category.
ques.- what should be the degree of disability for claiming reservation in posts/services under the central government?
ques.-who is the competent authority to issue disability certificate?
ques.-what is physical requirement and functional classification (pr & fc)?
ques.- where pr and fc are for various services participating in cse have been indicated?
ques.- who is ph for the purpose of service allocation on the basis of cse?
ques.- who can issue the disability certificate?
ques.- whether there is prescribed format for disability certificate?
yes, there is a prescribed format for issue of disability certificate.
ques.- what is the date by which disability certificate should have been issued to a candidate appearing in cse?
ques.- whether ph candidate would be medically examined after interview?
ques.- who is competent to give permanent disability certificate?
ques.-whether the disability certificate can be denied without giving an opportunity to candidate?
ques.- for how many services one can indicate his/her preference?
ques.- whether change of preference of services once indicated is permitted?
ques.- i have not indicated preferences for all the service for cse 2012. what will happen if i do not get service for which i have indicated preference?
ques.- who is general merit (gm) or meritorious reserved category (mrc) candidate?
ques.- what is service allocation from reserve list ?
ques.- when requisitions are sent by dopt to upsc for recommending names from reserve list? requisition is sent to upsc when after service allocation from cse (main) list, it becomes clear as to whether a particular gm candidate has been allocated service against unreserved vacancy or has switched over to his/her category.
ques.- what are the parameters on which service allocation to a particular candidate is decided? service allocation to a particular candidate is depending on rank of the candidate in cse, his/ her order of preference for service, his/her category, availability of vacancy in his/her category at his /her turn and findings of medical board/appellate board in respect of him/her.
ques.- whether success in civil services examination creates indefeasible right for appointment? no. success in the examination does not confer indefeasible right for appointment unless govt. is satisfied after such enquiry as may be considered necessary that the candidate having regard to his character & antecedents is suitable in all respects for appointments to the service.


text:
First Friday PopUP Museum Sketch Crawl!
About: An ephemeral ‘happening’, in collaboration with the Museum of Art & History, check out the MAH link to learn more!
When: First Friday, October 4th, from 5:00 to 7:00 pm.
What to bring: Bring yourself, your work and your enthusiasm. We will display your journals on folding tables in empty frames. These popup museum are open to the public, can people are allowed to touch exhibited content. Keep this in mind in deciding what journals or pages to share.

lowercased:
first friday popup museum sketch crawl!
about: an ephemeral ‘happening’, in collaboration with the museum of art & history, check out the mah link to learn more!
when: first friday, october 4th, from 5:00 to 7:00 pm.
what to bring: bring yourself, your work and your enthusiasm. we will display your journals on folding tables in empty frames. these popup museum are open to the public, can people are allowed to touch exhibited content. keep this in mind in deciding what journals or pages to share.


text:
The best mini fridge can prevent perishable foods or drinks from spoiling when you don’t have room for a larger refrigerator. The greatest benefit of owning a mini fridge is the convenience because you can easily move it between rooms. It can be used in a backyard, near a swimming pool or in a bedroom. You can place them under your work desk to keep your lunch and your drinks cold. In your study, or next to your couch, the applications are plentiful.
A small mini fridge is lightweight and requires minimal space. If you’re renting a room or living at a college campus, a mini refrigerator can be very convenient.
There are living environments that aren’t large enough for a standard refrigerator, so your only option is a smaller alternative. It’s not uncommon for consumers to use mini refrigerators for extra storage space. They can hold bottled drinks, frozen foods and extra meat. An additional benefit offered by the best mini fridge is electricity savings. If your living environment doesn’t permit the use of a large refrigerator, a miniature model could be a great product for you.
You can use it to store all the foods that you’d place inside of a normal fridge, and a small mini fridge doesn’t cost a lot of money. Below, you’ll find reviews for some of the best mini fridge models on the market, and by selecting a product from the list, you can save yourself precious time and energy.
The Danby Designer DAR026A1BDD is a compact fridge, and it features a capacity of 2.6 cubic feet. It carries the Energy Star label and uses less electricity than many competing products. The door inside of this refrigerator can hold up to eight cans, and it will hold all types of beverages.
It features a scratch-resistant worktop and has no trouble holding tall bottles. If you’d like to add some class to a small office or bedroom, this miniature refrigerator might be a good fit. With a height of two feet, it can hold a wide range of products, and it features a powerful cooling capacity.
To keep track of temperatures, it uses a mechanical thermostat. The Danby Designer DAR026A1BDD is a compact refrigerator, so it can fit in almost any small space. Despite its smaller size, it can hold a lot of perishable food.
The RCA IGLOO 3.2 platinum fridge has an interior capacity of 3.2 cubic feet. It features a platinum finish, but you can choose from several different colors.
For superior performance, this fridge uses compressor cooling, and since it has a reversible door, it can fit into almost any small space. With an adjustable thermostat, the RCA IGLOO platinum fridge gives you full control over the cooling temperature.
A set of slide-out shelves make cleaning easier and provide plenty of space for perishable foods. This compact refrigerator is designed for reduced power consumption, and with a built-in bottle holder, it’s great for drinks.
If you’re looking for the best mini fridge that you can use in your playroom, kitchen or dorm room, then this product is worth considering. It can keep drinks at the perfect temperature, and it even has a built-in freezer that can be used to store ice cream and leftovers.
The Midea WHS-65LB1 compact refrigerator has a capacity of 1.6 cubic feet, and it’s available in several different colors. It uses an adjustable thermostat to give you full control over the cooling temperature, and it has built-in technology to keep the temperature constant.
With a reversible door and adjustable leg, this fridge can be used almost anywhere, and when compared with many competing models, it saves energy. It’s also one of the quietest mini refrigerators on the market, so it’s a suitable choice for a rented bedroom or similar environment.
It comes with a separate chiller compartment, which is designed for cold beverages. The Midea WHS-65LB1 compact fridge comes with a great warranty, and although it’s one of the smallest mini fridges available, it big enough to hold a few meals and drinks.
The Hisense RT33D6BAE compact refrigerator has an average capacity, and it offers 2.3 cubic feet of interior storage. However, unlike many competing models, it includes a built-in freezer compartment, which offers one cubic foot of storage space.
To make food easily accessible, the Hisense RT33D6BAE has two glass shelves, which are designed for easy cleaning. For those nights when you’re half asleep and stumble your way to the fridge for a snack, the Hisense RT33D6BAE has an interior light that illuminates the contents.
This small mini fridge has compact doors, and since it’s certified with the Energy Star label, it uses less electricity than many competing models.
There are several other mini fridges on the market that claim to have a working freezer, but the freezer doesn’t work nearly as well as you’d think. The Hisense RT33D6BAE is one of the only compact refrigerators that has a freezer that works well.
The Igloo FR326M-D-BLACK is a unique mini fridge because it comes with a built-in dry erase board. You can write on the board and leave important messages for family members. Since the front door is a dry erase board, everybody will see the messages left on it.
Although the dry erase board is useful, it’s the capabilities of the fridge that are most important. The Igloo FR326M-D-BLACK has an interior storage capacity of 3.2 cubic feet, and it also has a built-in freezer compartment.
A reversible door makes it easier to place in compact spaces and delivers additional convenience. An adjustable thermostat allows you to fully control the temperature and choose an ideal temperature for your perishable food.
The Igloo FR326M-D-BLACK also has a tray for ice cubes, and the glass shelves slide out easily. This best mini fridge is engineered for use in a play room, dorm, kitchen, small office or bedroom.
The Midea WHD-113FB1 is available in several different colors, and it comes with an adjustable temperature control. To make it easier to quickly identify your food items, it has a powerful interior light. For greater convenience, it has adjustable legs, and the door is reversible.
Since it has a drawer, you can separate your fruits from vegetables, and the entire fridge comes with a one-year warranty. With 3.1 cubic feet of space, this compact refrigerator can hold a variety of different items. It’s designed to save energy and produce minimal noise.
Unlike many competing products, it has a working chiller compartment. Midea makes and sells some of the best refrigerators on the market and focuses on creating high-quality products.
The Culinair Af100s has an interior capacity of 1/7 cubic feet and uses thermoelectric technology. To give you full control over food temperature, this small mini fridge is equipped with a convenient temperature controller, and it also has a built-in feature for automatic defrosting.
The Culinair Af100s features a flush back and has adjustable feet. For convenient positioning, it has a reversible door, and it’s designed to produce almost no noise.
Since it produces minimal noise, it’s a great compact refrigerator for small bedrooms. If you rent a room and need a way to keep your food cold, then this refrigerator is worth considering.
The Culinair Af100s can cool its contents down to 51 degrees Fahrenheit, which is cold enough to keep most types of perishable food in good condition. This compact refrigerator could be a great fit for a nursery, bedroom, bar, office or dorm room.
Haier is known for making high-quality products, and the Haier HC27SF22RB is one of the best compact refrigerators that they offer. With a capacity of 2.7 cubic feet, this best mini fridge has enough space for several food items.
For greater versatility, it has a half-width freezer compartment and ice cube tray. It has two full-width interior wire shelves, which are ideal for beverages.
It also comes with two full-width door storage shelves, and they can be used for storing beverages. The Haier HC27SF22RB is large enough to store two-liters and large bottles, and it’s designed to save space.
It has adjustable leveling legs and gives you full control over the temperature with an adjustable thermostat. The Haier HC27SF22RB isn’t the largest mini fridge sold by Haier, but it’s one of the most popular.
If you’re looking for a true compact refrigerator, the Cooluli mini fridge is worth considering. It can be purchased in several different colors, and it can be switched from heating to cooling.
With a thermoelectric system, this fridge is easy to switch between heating and cooling modes. Depending on your needs, you can use it as a beverage cooler, or you can use it to warm milk.
Although this best mini fridge is designed for beverages, it can also hold perishable food. However, due to its tiny size, you won’t be able to fit a lot of food inside of it. You might find this product useful for a dorm room, office or nursery.
Here we have a compact refrigerator that is an excellent choice for any Star Wars fan. Since it’s officially licensed, you can purchase and use it as a collectible item, and it’s great for preventing your perishable foods from expiring. This mini fridge can heat and cool products, and it can even be plugged into a car.
Although it’s ideal for holding up to 18 canned beverages, it can be used to store a small amount of perishable food. With special lighting effects for the exterior part of the door, it’s an excellent product for any fan of Star Wars.

lowercased:
the best mini fridge can prevent perishable foods or drinks from spoiling when you don’t have room for a larger refrigerator. the greatest benefit of owning a mini fridge is the convenience because you can easily move it between rooms. it can be used in a backyard, near a swimming pool or in a bedroom. you can place them under your work desk to keep your lunch and your drinks cold. in your study, or next to your couch, the applications are plentiful.
a small mini fridge is lightweight and requires minimal space. if you’re renting a room or living at a college campus, a mini refrigerator can be very convenient.
there are living environments that aren’t large enough for a standard refrigerator, so your only option is a smaller alternative. it’s not uncommon for consumers to use mini refrigerators for extra storage space. they can hold bottled drinks, frozen foods and extra meat. an additional benefit offered by the best mini fridge is electricity savings. if your living environment doesn’t permit the use of a large refrigerator, a miniature model could be a great product for you.
you can use it to store all the foods that you’d place inside of a normal fridge, and a small mini fridge doesn’t cost a lot of money. below, you’ll find reviews for some of the best mini fridge models on the market, and by selecting a product from the list, you can save yourself precious time and energy.
the danby designer dar026a1bdd is a compact fridge, and it features a capacity of 2.6 cubic feet. it carries the energy star label and uses less electricity than many competing products. the door inside of this refrigerator can hold up to eight cans, and it will hold all types of beverages.
it features a scratch-resistant worktop and has no trouble holding tall bottles. if you’d like to add some class to a small office or bedroom, this miniature refrigerator might be a good fit. with a height of two feet, it can hold a wide range of products, and it features a powerful cooling capacity.
to keep track of temperatures, it uses a mechanical thermostat. the danby designer dar026a1bdd is a compact refrigerator, so it can fit in almost any small space. despite its smaller size, it can hold a lot of perishable food.
the rca igloo 3.2 platinum fridge has an interior capacity of 3.2 cubic feet. it features a platinum finish, but you can choose from several different colors.
for superior performance, this fridge uses compressor cooling, and since it has a reversible door, it can fit into almost any small space. with an adjustable thermostat, the rca igloo platinum fridge gives you full control over the cooling temperature.
a set of slide-out shelves make cleaning easier and provide plenty of space for perishable foods. this compact refrigerator is designed for reduced power consumption, and with a built-in bottle holder, it’s great for drinks.
if you’re looking for the best mini fridge that you can use in your playroom, kitchen or dorm room, then this product is worth considering. it can keep drinks at the perfect temperature, and it even has a built-in freezer that can be used to store ice cream and leftovers.
the midea whs-65lb1 compact refrigerator has a capacity of 1.6 cubic feet, and it’s available in several different colors. it uses an adjustable thermostat to give you full control over the cooling temperature, and it has built-in technology to keep the temperature constant.
with a reversible door and adjustable leg, this fridge can be used almost anywhere, and when compared with many competing models, it saves energy. it’s also one of the quietest mini refrigerators on the market, so it’s a suitable choice for a rented bedroom or similar environment.
it comes with a separate chiller compartment, which is designed for cold beverages. the midea whs-65lb1 compact fridge comes with a great warranty, and although it’s one of the smallest mini fridges available, it big enough to hold a few meals and drinks.
the hisense rt33d6bae compact refrigerator has an average capacity, and it offers 2.3 cubic feet of interior storage. however, unlike many competing models, it includes a built-in freezer compartment, which offers one cubic foot of storage space.
to make food easily accessible, the hisense rt33d6bae has two glass shelves, which are designed for easy cleaning. for those nights when you’re half asleep and stumble your way to the fridge for a snack, the hisense rt33d6bae has an interior light that illuminates the contents.
this small mini fridge has compact doors, and since it’s certified with the energy star label, it uses less electricity than many competing models.
there are several other mini fridges on the market that claim to have a working freezer, but the freezer doesn’t work nearly as well as you’d think. the hisense rt33d6bae is one of the only compact refrigerators that has a freezer that works well.
the igloo fr326m-d-black is a unique mini fridge because it comes with a built-in dry erase board. you can write on the board and leave important messages for family members. since the front door is a dry erase board, everybody will see the messages left on it.
although the dry erase board is useful, it’s the capabilities of the fridge that are most important. the igloo fr326m-d-black has an interior storage capacity of 3.2 cubic feet, and it also has a built-in freezer compartment.
a reversible door makes it easier to place in compact spaces and delivers additional convenience. an adjustable thermostat allows you to fully control the temperature and choose an ideal temperature for your perishable food.
the igloo fr326m-d-black also has a tray for ice cubes, and the glass shelves slide out easily. this best mini fridge is engineered for use in a play room, dorm, kitchen, small office or bedroom.
the midea whd-113fb1 is available in several different colors, and it comes with an adjustable temperature control. to make it easier to quickly identify your food items, it has a powerful interior light. for greater convenience, it has adjustable legs, and the door is reversible.
since it has a drawer, you can separate your fruits from vegetables, and the entire fridge comes with a one-year warranty. with 3.1 cubic feet of space, this compact refrigerator can hold a variety of different items. it’s designed to save energy and produce minimal noise.
unlike many competing products, it has a working chiller compartment. midea makes and sells some of the best refrigerators on the market and focuses on creating high-quality products.
the culinair af100s has an interior capacity of 1/7 cubic feet and uses thermoelectric technology. to give you full control over food temperature, this small mini fridge is equipped with a convenient temperature controller, and it also has a built-in feature for automatic defrosting.
the culinair af100s features a flush back and has adjustable feet. for convenient positioning, it has a reversible door, and it’s designed to produce almost no noise.
since it produces minimal noise, it’s a great compact refrigerator for small bedrooms. if you rent a room and need a way to keep your food cold, then this refrigerator is worth considering.
the culinair af100s can cool its contents down to 51 degrees fahrenheit, which is cold enough to keep most types of perishable food in good condition. this compact refrigerator could be a great fit for a nursery, bedroom, bar, office or dorm room.
haier is known for making high-quality products, and the haier hc27sf22rb is one of the best compact refrigerators that they offer. with a capacity of 2.7 cubic feet, this best mini fridge has enough space for several food items.
for greater versatility, it has a half-width freezer compartment and ice cube tray. it has two full-width interior wire shelves, which are ideal for beverages.
it also comes with two full-width door storage shelves, and they can be used for storing beverages. the haier hc27sf22rb is large enough to store two-liters and large bottles, and it’s designed to save space.
it has adjustable leveling legs and gives you full control over the temperature with an adjustable thermostat. the haier hc27sf22rb isn’t the largest mini fridge sold by haier, but it’s one of the most popular.
if you’re looking for a true compact refrigerator, the cooluli mini fridge is worth considering. it can be purchased in several different colors, and it can be switched from heating to cooling.
with a thermoelectric system, this fridge is easy to switch between heating and cooling modes. depending on your needs, you can use it as a beverage cooler, or you can use it to warm milk.
although this best mini fridge is designed for beverages, it can also hold perishable food. however, due to its tiny size, you won’t be able to fit a lot of food inside of it. you might find this product useful for a dorm room, office or nursery.
here we have a compact refrigerator that is an excellent choice for any star wars fan. since it’s officially licensed, you can purchase and use it as a collectible item, and it’s great for preventing your perishable foods from expiring. this mini fridge can heat and cool products, and it can even be plugged into a car.
although it’s ideal for holding up to 18 canned beverages, it can be used to store a small amount of perishable food. with special lighting effects for the exterior part of the door, it’s an excellent product for any fan of star wars.


text:
Rodriguez’s murder topped a spectacularly violent week, in which victims in public thoroughfares were shot during peak business hours, businesses were firebombed and the bodies were dumped with intimidating messages in public places.
El Diario de Juarez journalist Armando Rodriguez Carreon was well-known for countless stories about gangland killings in his hometown of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua. For years, the 40-year-old police beat reporter tirelessly published pieces about the latest executions in a violence-torn city.
Rodriguez launched his journalistic career as a technician and photographer for the Ciudad Juarez Channel 44 television station before moving into print during the early 1990s. His newspaper career closely paralleled the violent rise of the Juarez drug cartel and the women’s slayings that became known worldwide as femicides. Popularly known as “El Choco,” Rodriguez was among the first reporters to write about the discoveries of raped and slain women on the outskirts of Ciudad Juarez.
Rodriguez’s stories, which relied a lot on police sources and often did not implicate any particular suspects, were characterized by an almost matter-of-fact quality that kept to the narrative even as violence kept escalating. On Thursday morning, Nov. 13, Rodriguez became a victim himself when he was shot outside his home by a gunman who reportedly fled in a waiting car.
No possible motive for the homicide was publicly disclosed, but it was reported that Rodriguez received a text threat on his cell-phone earlier this year. His killing occurred one week to the day that a severed human head was discovered at a monument to journalists in Ciudad Juarez.
Local media, government officials and Mexican and international journalist organizations quickly condemned Rodriguez’s killing, which carried the trademark of organized crime.
Numerous public commentaries about the murder were posted on news websites in Ciudad Juarez and neighboring El Paso. The Rodriguez slaying was covered on the Nov. 13 prime-time newscast of the U.S.-based Spanish language television network Univision, which reaches millions of viewers.
Rodriguez’s murder topped a spectacularly violent week in Ciudad Juarez and the state capital of Chihuahua City four hours down the highway to the south. Incidents included the gunning down of victims in public thoroughfares during peak business hours, the firebombing of businesses and the dumping of murdered bodies with intimidating messages in public places.
The Rodriguez murder also came amid a new wave of threats and pressures against the Ciudad Juarez press. For instance, CEPET reported that the Ciudad Juarez daily El Mexicano was the target of intimidation by individuals purporting to be agents of the Chihuahua state attorney general’s office last week.
According to CEPET, a state police officer identified as “Perez” and accompanied by other men in official vehicles strolled into the newspaper’s office Nov. 4 and demanded to interrogate columnist Mario Hector Silva about sources the writer used in a story. When informed that Silva was not on the premises, the officers allegedly grew angry, threatened other employees and threw a photographer’s camera in the trash.
With the Rodriguez killing, at least six journalists have been murdered in Mexico this year so far. Other victims include Oaxaca radio announcers Teresa Bautista Merino and Felicitas Martinez Sanchez, Tabasco radio man Alejandro Zenon Fonseca Estrada, Michoacan newspaper director Miguel Villagomez Valle, and Chihuahua writer David Garcia Monroy.
An international observer mission spearheaded by the Committee to Protect Journalists, Article 19, Open Society Institute and other press advocacy organizations traveled to Mexico this year to investigate conditions confronting journalists. Despite legal reforms, the mission concluded that Mexican journalists are in dire circumstances due to violence, impunity and governmental indifference.
Most of the 2008 journalist murders, as well as earlier cases like the 2006 murder of U.S. journalist Brad Will in Oaxaca, remain unsolved and unpunished. In a statement issued on November 11, Will’s family and lawyer took strong issue with the contention of the Office of the Federal Attorney General (PGR) that the documentarian’s killers are in custody.
Criticizing the arrests of anti-government activists for the murder, the Will family said the PGR ignored forensic evidence and eyewitness accounts that point to pro-government paramilitaries and public officials as the probable killers.
Only hours after Armando Rodriguez was murdered, the PGR informed the Mexican media that the same special unit assigned to investigate the Will homicide was looking into the killing of the Ciudad Juarez journalist.
— El Diario de Juarez November 13, 2008.
— Newspapertree.com, November 13, 2008. Article by Sito Negron.
— Frontenet.com, November 13, 2008. Article by Sergio Valdez.
— Univision, November 13, 2008.
— CEPET, November 6 and November 13, 2008. Press statements.
— Lapolaka.com, October 14, 2008 and November 13, 2008.
— El Universal, November 13, 2008. Article by Maria de la Luz Gonzalez.
— La Jornada, October 11, 2008. Article by Ernesto Martinez and La Jornada Michoacan.
— Cimacnoticias, August 14, 2008. Article by Lourdes Godinez Leal.

lowercased:
rodriguez’s murder topped a spectacularly violent week, in which victims in public thoroughfares were shot during peak business hours, businesses were firebombed and the bodies were dumped with intimidating messages in public places.
el diario de juarez journalist armando rodriguez carreon was well-known for countless stories about gangland killings in his hometown of ciudad juarez, chihuahua. for years, the 40-year-old police beat reporter tirelessly published pieces about the latest executions in a violence-torn city.
rodriguez launched his journalistic career as a technician and photographer for the ciudad juarez channel 44 television station before moving into print during the early 1990s. his newspaper career closely paralleled the violent rise of the juarez drug cartel and the women’s slayings that became known worldwide as femicides. popularly known as “el choco,” rodriguez was among the first reporters to write about the discoveries of raped and slain women on the outskirts of ciudad juarez.
rodriguez’s stories, which relied a lot on police sources and often did not implicate any particular suspects, were characterized by an almost matter-of-fact quality that kept to the narrative even as violence kept escalating. on thursday morning, nov. 13, rodriguez became a victim himself when he was shot outside his home by a gunman who reportedly fled in a waiting car.
no possible motive for the homicide was publicly disclosed, but it was reported that rodriguez received a text threat on his cell-phone earlier this year. his killing occurred one week to the day that a severed human head was discovered at a monument to journalists in ciudad juarez.
local media, government officials and mexican and international journalist organizations quickly condemned rodriguez’s killing, which carried the trademark of organized crime.
numerous public commentaries about the murder were posted on news websites in ciudad juarez and neighboring el paso. the rodriguez slaying was covered on the nov. 13 prime-time newscast of the u.s.-based spanish language television network univision, which reaches millions of viewers.
rodriguez’s murder topped a spectacularly violent week in ciudad juarez and the state capital of chihuahua city four hours down the highway to the south. incidents included the gunning down of victims in public thoroughfares during peak business hours, the firebombing of businesses and the dumping of murdered bodies with intimidating messages in public places.
the rodriguez murder also came amid a new wave of threats and pressures against the ciudad juarez press. for instance, cepet reported that the ciudad juarez daily el mexicano was the target of intimidation by individuals purporting to be agents of the chihuahua state attorney general’s office last week.
according to cepet, a state police officer identified as “perez” and accompanied by other men in official vehicles strolled into the newspaper’s office nov. 4 and demanded to interrogate columnist mario hector silva about sources the writer used in a story. when informed that silva was not on the premises, the officers allegedly grew angry, threatened other employees and threw a photographer’s camera in the trash.
with the rodriguez killing, at least six journalists have been murdered in mexico this year so far. other victims include oaxaca radio announcers teresa bautista merino and felicitas martinez sanchez, tabasco radio man alejandro zenon fonseca estrada, michoacan newspaper director miguel villagomez valle, and chihuahua writer david garcia monroy.
an international observer mission spearheaded by the committee to protect journalists, article 19, open society institute and other press advocacy organizations traveled to mexico this year to investigate conditions confronting journalists. despite legal reforms, the mission concluded that mexican journalists are in dire circumstances due to violence, impunity and governmental indifference.
most of the 2008 journalist murders, as well as earlier cases like the 2006 murder of u.s. journalist brad will in oaxaca, remain unsolved and unpunished. in a statement issued on november 11, will’s family and lawyer took strong issue with the contention of the office of the federal attorney general (pgr) that the documentarian’s killers are in custody.
criticizing the arrests of anti-government activists for the murder, the will family said the pgr ignored forensic evidence and eyewitness accounts that point to pro-government paramilitaries and public officials as the probable killers.
only hours after armando rodriguez was murdered, the pgr informed the mexican media that the same special unit assigned to investigate the will homicide was looking into the killing of the ciudad juarez journalist.
— el diario de juarez november 13, 2008.
— newspapertree.com, november 13, 2008. article by sito negron.
— frontenet.com, november 13, 2008. article by sergio valdez.
— univision, november 13, 2008.
— cepet, november 6 and november 13, 2008. press statements.
— lapolaka.com, october 14, 2008 and november 13, 2008.
— el universal, november 13, 2008. article by maria de la luz gonzalez.
— la jornada, october 11, 2008. article by ernesto martinez and la jornada michoacan.
— cimacnoticias, august 14, 2008. article by lourdes godinez leal.