text:
14 Sche knowyth not yet the rode. A crucifixion pun: rode means both way and cross.
24 us. Not in MS.
55-66 For thus it menyth . . . and thi love. Capgrave is adapting the etymology of Katherine's name provided in Jacobus de Voragine's Legenda aurea.
250 It is more sykyr a bryd in youre fyste. The first known record of the popular proverb,"A bird in hand is worth two in the bush." See Whiting, Proverbs, B301. The speaker continues with two more proverbs,"The gray hors whyl his gras growyth / May sterve for hunger" (lines 253-54; compare Proverbs, G437) and"The sore may swelle long or the herbe / Is growe or rype" (lines 256-57; compare Proverbs, S504).
260 now. Deleted in MS.
267-71 To se the boweles cut oute of his wombe . . . be foure and be fyve. Reference to the method of executing traitors by hanging, drawing, and quartering.
276 se men flete and also se hem synk. Probable allusion to a judicial ordeal (the"cold-water ordeal"), dating from c. 800, wherein the accused was cast into water; sinking indicated innocence, floating guilt. See Henry Charles Lea, The Ordeal (1866; rpt. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973), pp. 72-88.
307 And yet of this punchyng oft he knew ryght nowt. In other words, Costus did not personally supervise each and every execution.
470 you. Not in MS.
476 I wepe so sore I may no lengere ryme! Here and elsewhere (for example, 3.1251, 4.1666), Capgrave's characters betray an almost Brechtian consciousness that their stories are unfolding in rhyme royal stanzas.
510-23 Nabugodonoser . . . Goddys grace. Daniel's dealings with Nebuchadnezzar are recounted in Daniel 1-4. According to Daniel 6, Darius (not Nebuchadnezzar) threw Daniel to the lions.
510-67 Capgrave is establishing Katherine's propensity towards conversion: her know-ledge of and respect for Scripture (Genesis, Daniel), her desire to know more about Daniel's god, and her purely perfunctory reverence for her own pagan gods (lines 564-67). Katherine's study of Scripture, however, might have made her a problematic example for fifteenth-century lay readers.
580 Ovyde seyde. Capgrave is paraphrasing views in the introduction to the Remedium Amoris.
582 medecyn comyth ovyr late. Proverbial: Whiting, Proverbs, M484.
735-42 Valerye . . . in this forsayd werke. The Dissuasio Valerii ad Ruffinum philo-sophum ne uxorem ducat was a popular misogamous tract written by Walter Map in the late twelfth century.
786 that astate I trede all undyr fote. Capgrave may be alluding to popular representations of Katherine of Alexandria trampling the emperor Maxentius. See Introduction, p. 2.
825 Aristoteles Elenkes. Aristotle's De sophisticis elenchis (On Sophistical Refutations) was a standard textbook for late-medieval students of dialectic. Aristotle dissects the various rhetorical tricks employed by sophists, whom he defines as people who wish to appear wise without actually being so. In so doing he pro-vides a veritable treasure trove of rhetorical fallacies, which Katherine accuses her opponent of using.
909 othir that have abyden long. Capgrave evokes the stories of various lovers (Troilus, for example, or Dido) whose initial resistance to love resulted in a tragic romance.
958-59 mo wyse hedes . . . the bettir is it. Proverbial. See Whiting, Proverbs, H227.
961-93 qwy / That o man above many shall have governing . . . cuntré abowte. The view that kingship results from the voluntary submission of free people to another's authority (pactum subjectionis) is found in the work of various late-medieval political theorists, including Marsilius of Padua (Defensor pacis, especially 1.8-9), Duns Scotus (Ordinatio 4.15.2), and Nicholas of Cusa (Concordantia, especially 2.21-41, 3.4). The idea goes back to Greek and Roman times, for example, Cicero's De officiis (especially 2.21-41) and Aristotle's Politics (especially 3.14). For general discussions of consent theories and related matters, see Jeannine Quillet, "Community, Counsel and Representation," in The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought, c. 350-c. 1450, ed. J. H. Burns (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 520-72; and Anthony Black, Political Thought in Europe, 1250-1450 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 136-85.
994 thei. Not in MS.
1106 whil. Rawlinson reads wyll, a careless scribal error. I have emended for sense according to Arundel.
1116 grype ne take. The lord is literally saying that no one can overcome Katherine's arguments, but, since the overall debate concerns Katherine's marriage, we may infer a sexual innuendo.
1124 To Gorgalus tyme. See 1.568 ff. for Capgrave's account of Gorgalus, king of Syria, and his descendants.
1154 as wyse. Repeated in MS.
1159 he. Not in MS.
1167-68 ten or twelve / Schuld geve exaumple rathere than schall oone. John Gower expresses the same opinion in his discussion of government in the Confessio Amantis (Prologue, lines 157-58).
1191-92 syth ye sey that I am now so wys, / Than have I o thing. See line 1148.
1204 in2. Not in MS.
1231 Athenes, of wysdam it beryth the key. Athens was the home of such renowned philosophers as Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle. In Chaucer's Knight's Tale, when Theseus is said to be"lord and governour" of Athens (I [A] 861), the implication is that he is wise, a man renowned for"his wysdom and his chivalrie"(line 865).
1247 ff. lych a griff am I. The Apostle Paul develops and explores this simile in Romans 11:13-24.
1286 Mynerve. Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom.
1304 Babel. See 1.533-95. Alexandria was founded by the sultan Babel, who named the city Babylon after himself. When Alexander the Great conquered Babylon, he renamed it Alexandria.
1354 The Fyrst Mevere. See Aristotle, Natural Science, Book 8, and Metaphysics, Book 12.
1371 do. Not in MS.
1467 we2. Not in MS.
Summe fyre is nye; experiens telleth you soo.
But there as fyre is; this se we ryth at eye.
Hir hert is sette on oon that sytte above.
Whanne He was baptized had mad in hir His nest.
For swech exaumples want in that cuntré.
"Sche mote be weddyd nedys," thus thei sayde.
Sone wyll the fyre be qwenchyd and be owte.
The more thei grow; thei have a full gode grownde.
Tyll all be come; ryth swech, lo, is her law.
Her serculed cours ryth thus lo have thei cast.
That from that whele sche cast hir not to falle.
Thei are now bownd togedyr wondyr sore.
These Latyn bokys, I suppose, sey this same.
Thei are schyt owt and sche speryd the lok.
Whech with thi Lordys thu suffyrd as a clerk.
We wyll now streyte dresse us to that werk.
That thei come alle now in her best gyse.
And lordes, eke, becawse thei be strong.
There myght men se who can best sytte and ryde.
The Duke of Damask, with many another moo.
Had thei with hem, these reall lordes thre.
He hath receyvyd hem; he was a full strong syre.
He is come also, the noble Duke of Tyre.
Thei call him there the Duke of Antioche.
Are thei come bothe; he may ryght nowt wante.
His wyll in hir hert ful sone schall he plante.
The day is come now whech assygned was.
The lordes are gadred togedyr all in fere.
Swech howses in this world ar not many moo.
I wot not veryly what that men him calle.
"Myn sovereyn lady, ye schull not be dysmayde.
Thow I to yow sey treuth as I must nede.
Of yow, my lady, and that in many stede.
Of all youre reume, of lordys and of othyr.
(I sey not fals, for he is present here) . . . .
And tak youre solace be feldys and be brokys.
A real lorde whech may us alle defende.
Youre puple gretly therby schuld ye mende.
There is swech choys, it may not be refusede.
Than he schuld want youre noble wyse presence.
Who se yow onys desyryth not youre absence!
Ope youre eres and lyst to oure prayere.
Youre answere, lady, schall cause on of these."
Was this lady whan sche herd him than.
Voyde the sentens of this ilke wyse man.
The hye degré of my devocyoun.
And not the puple - ryght thus redd hafe I.
Whech thing I do I fall evyr in dawngere.
Whech I am swore to kepe and to defende.
He fyllyth the schyppe and forth anon is goo.
Onto this poynt I drede I am browte too.
My modyr, my kyn, my puple, if I wyll plese.
Ryde owte on huntyng, use all new atyre.
Contynue the same, to Godd I make a vowe.
And trace the wodes abowte undyr the bow?
I loved it nevyr; how schuld I love it now?"
And aftyr softly with syhynge gan sche grone.
"Gramercy, lordes," sche seyd, "of youre good wylle!
Than schuld ye hafe bothe rest and abundaunce.
"I suppose weele that it schulde be soo.
Have ful gret hast and I haf ryght noon.
Thus schuld ye sey to me if I had hast.
Tyll mo yerys of myn age be past.
Where I wyll sett me and telle yow myn avyse.
"For hasty schall I noght be in this matere.
Lest that I renne in daunger and in wrake.
What schuld I lengere to yow tale now make?
And in abydyng, men seyn, there lyghte hope.
"Thus schall we bothe with avysement werk.
Best it is, me thinkyt, that we do soo.
The choys is myne; I mote consent ther-too.
Tyme of avysement to have, I pray yow.
Thys is all and sum that I wyll sey as now."
A rych man, eke, thei sey that he was.
To speke in this matere, ryth thus he thouth.
"The absens of youre fader now in this land.
The same have othir men; I am sekyr it is soo.
In this matere, and ye haske avysement.
And more profitabyl to youre behove.
May sterve for hunger,' thus seyth the proverbe.
Seyd so sumtyme and wroot it in his boke.
Fro youre kend this governauns is full ferre!
To se hem draw oute be foure and be fyve.
For it wold mak yow to fall in a trauns.
Whan thei do weell, to hafe reward and blys.
But ye do thus, grettere growyth oure bale."
Than to yow alle; this dare I savely seyn.
Doo or sey but as o man alone?
Defende youreself thow he with yow not yede.
Than were thei kept full low in full grete drede.
My lord my fadyr whan dyd he you lede?
Not many yerys befor that he went hens.
As ye dyd than, dothe now in his absence.
Thei durst not onys to him than sey nay!
Why may ye not do now as ye dyd thanne?
What nedyth yow thus to gruch and to banne?
Was hyd fro him be craft and sotelté.
And yet of this punchyng oft he knew ryght nowt.
May it not now in the same case be wrowte?
The traytours eke be the nek ye hem hong.
Schuld let your corage? I pray yow tell me now!
Be good to me ryght as I am to yow."
Thei called him Clarus, Prince of Capados.
Upon his knees anoon he gan down falle.
"Madame," he seyd, "youre conseytes are full clos.
All these are know; thei may not now be hyd.
As seyd this lord is ded and go us froo.
We are full lykly to falle in care and woo.
And ye be left for to be oure qween.
In oure hertys that ye myght us save.
Ye wyll wepe and ye youre fyngyr kytte!
"Ye myght redresse all that was now spoke?
To kepe his puple that it be not schent.
We must enforce us therfore to kep yow.
It schuld plese us thow that ye had twelve!
It schuld plese your modyr and eke youreselve.
Hyd in youre cophyr and kept now thus clos?
Ye may therwith make plate and mayle.
So that ye wold onto this thing consent.
Therof youreself wyll bere me recorde.
Myght and strength in women, for thei it want.
In stede of strength, of nature thei hafe beuté.
Thoo wykkyd dedys whech reygne now ful ryve.
Were it in man, in mayden, or in wyffe.
Summe of his puple oft he must dysplese.
Spouseles I mene - as ye yet evyr hafe doo.
This is oure erand; my tale is fully doo.
Than is it weele wared, bothe labour and oure expens."
Ye love my worchep, my londys wold ye save.
But wysely spek all that ye have told.
And for this talkyng, I am to yow behold.
In no pes, if it were all as ye sey.
Therfore me thynkyth ye walk no trew wey.
"And as for conquest, seres, care ye ryght nowte.
Ye fawte nevyr yet for townes ne for no landys.
Where ar your prisoneres whech ye led in bandys?
"For we fynde the sowdyoures that be there.
Ye pay ryght not - ne nowte I coveyte ye doo.
Pluk up youre hertes and be nothing in fere!
Arme yow not but if we send yow too.
Pleyn yow nowte untyll ye fynd grevaunce.
And peynes gove to hem that schuld be ded.
Ryght for ye wold I schuld be wedded in hye.
And ek in hope for to be hang and drawe.
Thus may he doo; he is above the lawe.
Whech were thus saved, I am nothing in dwere.
It nedyth not herfore to legge auctorité.
That of swech materys nedys mote hem melle.
Servauntys to lawe, the more and eke the las.
As thei had evyr in my fadyres lyffe.
This longyth to hem - I kepe not of this stryffe.
That do amys, be hem thei dampned bene.
I schall be to juges bothe kyng and qween."
The Erle of Jaff was called Syr Ananye.
"Than thei of yow are, it is no dowte.
Thei fyght, thei flyght, thei robbe, and thei stele.
It faryth as ye of all this thing ne rowte!
Than be werre or justys, lust or elles love.
Men sey thei schall bryng yow to your grave.
Apeyre his body, his eyne thei make blynde.
That myrth and joye ye late hem slyde forby!
Evyr at bokes ye sytte, knele, and lye.
I wepe so sore I may no lengere ryme!
Chaunge now youre lyff and let your bok be stylle.
For, be my trowth, stody schall yow spylle.
And mech more ese schull ye haf at hert."
To ony good end - men sett at me ryth nowt.
Ye schuld drede more a man than ye do me.
And elles his labour it wil lytyl avayle.
"Help ye on youre syde as I shal on myn!
Than schal this lond ful wele demened be.
We myth sey than oure levyng were ful ryght.
To erre sumtyme and sumtyme to do amys?
In Babilony; evene Nabugodonoser he hyth.
A ful goode man and of grete abstinense.
He coude telle all of derth and of pestilence.
He worchiped not swech goddes as we doo.
"Was he putt, ryth for the puple so wolde.
He must do soo, thow he wold or nolde.
For Danyell was saved ryth be Goddys grace.
For puples crying a kyng may oftyn erre.
To make him mevyd, to sett him oute of herre.
Fy on her cry whan thei no reson hafe!
"I must leve book, I must leve stody eke.
My bokes, seres, Godd help, what greve thei yow?
And be oure bokes ageyn full fast thei grow.
Save that in a booke whech Genesis thei calle?
If bokes teld hem not only be rowe?
We can forgete that we dyd this yere!
Swech manere thinges as we had forgete.
Ne were oure bokes, this dare I savely say.
Eythere of Jubiter or Neptune, his brothyr.
Leve we than this matere and carp of summe othyr.
"Blame not swech thing that stant in full grete stede!
Curse not my mayster, for than wyll I be wrothe.
Whech longe to our goddis and to her offring.)"
The Prince of Paphon, of that gret cuntré.
Was thoo ful gret in special for his age.
His wordes were acordyng to his visage.
And for to abyde eythir yer or too.
And with his frendes born oute at the gate'?
It wold yow fese the salt watter row.
That I sey now, me thinkyth it for youre prow.
Sumtyme here, sumtyme at Famagost.
Thus shal he governe the lond, the see, the sand.
And stody youre fille; it shal not greve us.
To weld youre leysere as ye desyre to have.
Both too and fro, doth be oure counsayle.
In tyme comyng it may yow mech avayle."
"Gramercy, sere, of youre goode counsayle,"
And, as me thinkith, no man schal us dere.
Whil that ye lyve - herof I drede ryth nowth!
And al my wil therof now I want.
To lern hem just, I wolde wele qwite youre hyere.
To tech hem holde the schaftes that be rounde.
But that we schuld noght preyse men in presence.
Whech ye spak of ryght now in youre tale.
It is condempned as for an heresye.
He that is here, he is here and noowhere ellys.
"At grete Alysaundyr, he dwelleth not in Famagost.
Here and there as his jornay wyll preve.
Ryght so may I, thow I a woman be.
Than in your argument me thynkyth no difficulté."
The Duk of Damaske was wroth with this answere.
And we wyll evyr hertly bowe ther-too.
So that noo wrong schuld hem ovyrthrowe.
Bettyr than I what is to breke an othe.
Reson may not, ne schall not, make yow wrothe.
For that thei longe alle onto youre crown.
"For to be weddyd onto summe worthy man.
'Where is no lorde there is no lawe,' men say.
Schuld sese us sone, and specyaly a may.
But at the last ye must bowe hardylye."
Tyll that I deye I schall it nevyr breke.
Whech were rehersyd and have her answers eke.
And in noo debate, ne lykely for to be.
Of my crown and gylty for to deye.
Avyse yow bettyr whan that ye lyst to seye."
That was ful scharp in wytte as I wene.
Who pregnantly ye can kepe youre part.
It is less wondyr thow thei concluded be.
Grettest of all, I mene the regalté.
Most of all women. What eylyth now your wytte?
I am in poynt to leve it is noght ye.
So sore, iwys, me thynkyth it will it kytte.
He counseled so to on Ruffyn, ye know it welle.
Valerye, the moost in this forsayd werke.
And evyr contrarye onto oure wylle are ye.
Thynk ye not what ye seyd wole late, pardé?
Ye wold, ye seyd, have on to governe us.
"What schuld he be but he were a kyng?
"Who schall it bere; it longeth onto your ryght.
And sey ye wyll no husbonde have as yitte.
"Be stedefastly i-sett evyr upon o poynt.
To know youre purpos whan ye vary soo?
Let us know pleynly, lady, what ye mene!
We be youre men; thinkyth ye be oure qwene."
Whan ye be yung, lusty, and in good hele?
Neyther of corn, of men, ne of welfare.
Of me swech thing. For truly, it wold not prove.
Neythyr to me ne to non other wyght.
To be a dysseyvoure, it is a grett despyte.
Eke that astate I trede all undyr fote.
Bothe on my faderes and on my moderes syde.
Whech is eke come be descense to me?
Or that I were founde in swech neclygens.
To meyten ryght ageyn all wrong traces.
Withoute swech help, ye wote as weel as I.
But use my langage stabyly and ferme.
Fro that purpos whylys that I am here.
This is my mynde, if ye wyll it here.
To have a kyng, lord of town and toure.
Ye schall not mak an elne of a unch.
He may chese to geve yow a hors or a fox.
Who so that lerneth hem, he schall seme wyse.
But to my byddyng he must lowte and bowe.
For of myn answere, sere, here is the fyne."
Wondyr full sore of your grete resones.
Thei wayle, eke, that ye have swech a wytte.
Than schuld ye a ferde as other women fare.
"Youre scole wyll schath us, iwys, we skape it nowte.
In many materes men may be ovyre wyse.
Youre conceytes, madame, set hem in summe syse.
Accepte oure wyttes and leve sumewhat of youre.
Whech schall be to us in manere of a chevetayn.
Drawe mech of youre lande evyn unto him.
Avyse yow ryght weele; this matere is full dym.
But he were lorde, ryght as ye be lady now.
It is full harde ageyn wylle to bowe.
And hard it is to leve in langoure thus."
But if I knew bettir what that he were.
And to youre governawns thus I demene me.
Whych men may governe withowtyn envye.
I profyr yow reson whatsoevyr ye crye."
Than spak the Amyrell of gret Alisaundre.
Thus thynk your frendis all that sytte here.
Whan that ye may so heyly it endoos.
"How honour ye youre owne grete astate!
Why hate ye now that ilk lady must have?
That may youre londes and eke yourself save?
Mo folk than ye wold have usyd it!
Ne can not knowe the best fro the werre.
Be ye ware betyme that ye no lengere erre.
Thynk now betyme what shal be the ende!
Both Cristen and hethen frely com ther-too.
I woote not sumtyme what is best to doo.
I knowe not my frend whan I have nede.
And ye no man cownt not at a pere.
It wyll not prove, swech solen daungere.
And at the last thei have walkyd wrong."
"So shal I not wyth grace of God above.
In swech matere, neythir to lust ne to love.
Fy on tho hertes that evyr on swech thing hove!
Beth not aferd tyl ye more thing here.
Be whech oure rewme happyly harmed myth be?
Syth that ye may, why do ye not youre dede?
Thei that lett yow are worthy to be dede!
I wold wene ye alone shuld oppresse twelve!"
An othir duke gan than to approche.
The qwenes cosyn, a lord of ful grete fame.
"It passith oure wittis; there is no more to say.
To fostre hem whech you drede and love.
Grow ye no hiere - youre wyt is hye inow.
And hauns youre witt out of all mesure.
"What thing letteth yow that ye wil not us leve?
In ony matere, the bettir is it, as thinkyth mee."
To byd and comaund, send both fer and nye.
He his lord of lond, of body, and of lym?
To chese a leedere hem for to governe thoo.
Ageyn the son sumtyme stryvyth the modyr.
To bryng in reule thing that was wrong went.
Summe for strenght, summe for humanyté.
That I sey treuth, cronycles wytness it.
Oft tyme seyn ryth withinne his londe.
And had noo lord, but ych man reuled himselfe.
And to her heed hemself yet must thei lowte.
That he be able to fyght with all his fone.
Let us no more as in this matere speke.
This covenaund made ne schall I nevyr breke.
Whan all is doo, this schall be the ende.
Your wordys therfore lett hem falle fro mende."
Than was there woo and waylyng eke enowe.
Whan that thei sey where-to the matere drowe.
Carefull wytys were thei than ilkone.
The qween hir modyr gan to syghe and grone.
"Your dotyng dayes, I trow, now be come!
What wold ye hafe? Wote ye what ye say?
And he alone. What wene ye for to hafe?
It is impossible that ye desyre and crafe!
Tyll that your wytte is chaunged and your thowte.
For to desyre swych thing as is nowte?
That every poynt thei varye fro the sothe."
Ne for noo crafte awey I can it schake."
And to the lordes sche sayd, "All is i-lorn!
What schall we say? What schall we speke or doo?
Hir wytte is sett so hye I wot not where.
There is no man that may hir here answere!
"What sey ye cosyn, lord and duk of Tyre?
What comyth herof? Can ye owte ferther say?
Sche wyll not wedde; sche wyll be styll a may.
Because I leve thus in swech care and woo!"
He had passed, eke, many a grete daungere.
He myght more boldly sey all his entent.
A thing that lawe forbedyth evyrmore?
This ye desyre, ye wyll not twynn ther-froo.
Wyll ye youre bodye fro alle men kepe clene?
I mene youre fadyr and modyr yow beforn?
Browt yow forth and to this lyght yow bore.
Folow ye the steppys of hem that went before!
Whech ye are lykly to bryng forthe and bere.
Desyre no thyng that may not goten be.
To grype a degré so grete as ye begynne."
To ley oure worchep so lowe undyr brere.
And I forgo that thing that I loved best?
I wyll not entere whil I may kepe me owte.
Whech is not stedfast in lowe ne in astate?
And with her plesaunce eft medeleth debate.
I wold hafe lyffe and love that evyr is stable."
Hir craft is swech we may hir not enclyne.
Whech sche dredyth - hir termys be so wyse.
Whatevyr we say, sche gevyth of it no pryce.
We want a leedere, if we owte schuld doo.
As it stant now, madame, in no lond of youre.
Of thing that ye rejoye we schall hafe langoure!"
"Have ye not gove to me bothe crown and londe?
Of regalté whech I hold in myn honde.
And all the labour and werke, that schall be youre.
To serve my crown and ther-to be ye swore."
He seyd wordys whech sempt full wyse.
His name was called thoo Syre Eugeny.
But if he hath both powere and wytte, certeyne.
And elles oure reule sone wyll breke in two.
Exaumple to othyr mene he schall be for that sake.
Schuld geve exaumple rathere than schall oone.
Ye have my mocyoun, for my tale is doone."
"That is to sey neythyr wytte ne strength.
Youre londys that ly so fer in brede and length?
And to youre hert it wolde be full grete dole.
To councell and rede that he do not amys.
This were noo worchepe to me ne to my kyn!
Held me excused, for sykyrly I ne schalle!
Than have I o thing whech longeth to regalté.
Chese ye now; we be no lengere wrothe."
To have what man whech hem liked to heed.
That ye were lych hem, certeyn, in every stownde.
Schall tak his savour, be it soure or swote.
That every lych his lych he schall desyre.
Or ellys your hert dyspysyth joye as myre!
I can no more - I speke oncurteslye.
I may not chese, I am so vexed trulye."
Who will oute lerne, lat him take thedyr the wey.
In that we dyverse, I can not ther-to sey nay.
Where that her joye is but lych a drem.
I take swych lyffe, I hope, is ferm and stabyll."
Of this same mayde, if thei it myght purchase.
To have an answere of hir, plat and pleyn.
Whech was full wys and of full grete cunnyng.
Alle his delyte and joye was in lernyng.
And all is lost but sche ther-to take hede.
Whech schuld excite yow wedded for to be.
In all this world whech is so hye alyed.
I mene your beuté, God mote it preserve.
Evyr lest it tyll tyme that ye sterve!
"It may not fall fro yow be no weye.
For, as I suppose, no man may hem gesse.
And eke your puple, I hope, it schuld avaunce.
Owte of whech ye were begote and bore.
For to spede oure purpos well and fyne.
Wote ye nott welle of what lordes ye came?
Whech made this cyté, Babel, I mene, be name.
Were enhaunshed hyely with gret fame.
Doth ye the same for youre kynrod sake!
Swech anothyr as ye be hardyly.
It is not presyd in noo book that I rede.
And of hir werk, no man hir to repreve.
"Whech can not thank hir of hir hye grace.
That all is well, ryght as we wold it have.
Than trowe I welle ye have hem all alone.
Lete him have parte of swech thing as ye han.
If Nature were here, the same sche wold byd!
It is not gove yow to have it all alone!
That he to other schall comoun that Godd him sent.
His gyftis fro yow draw awey He schall.
And, as me thinkyth, mech to youre behove.
Is the rychesse whech is onto yow falle.
"Ye be so rych the world wondyrth of it.
What schall ye do with alle this welth alone?
That schall ye best do if ye take a kyng.
Here is my tale, here is myn askyng."
"And sent me graces whech othir women want.
To chese an husbond, good and debonayre.
We pase all women that now formed are.
I wold know to me who that worthy ware.
And of swech lynage born as we be?
The more ye plete, the more ye stand in doute.
I schall dyscryve myn husbond whom I wyll hafe.
Fro noo purpos that he set him on.
"As onto us, whom ye hafe so commended.
And ellys, sekyr, we wyll have husbond none.
Loke well aboute if ye can fynd swych on!
And evyr his myght demened with mesure.
I wyll him hafe; I schall nevyr sey nay.
That him neded not of othir mennys goode.
No lorde in erthe I wold have him lych.
He schuld hem graunte more than her askyng.
And onto his lordchype bothe servaunt, spouse, and wyffe.
Sodenly to fayle and falle fro swech welth.
But wepe and morne all in clothys blake.
This lord to whom ye wold me newe alye.
My lord, my fadyr, and eke my lady, asundyr?
That I fle this, me thinkyth it is no wondyr!"
Fro wepyng; teres full sore thei gun down falle.
For now sche seeth there is non othyr grace.
"Alas," sche seyd, "sorow hath me nye slayn!
Where schall we seke? Where schall we swych on fynde?
Sche wote not what sche seyth, sche is so made!
"As sche desyryth? It is not, pardé, possible.
Ther is non swech, than schall sche nevyr have non!"
"Nevyr deye, nevyr seke? He must be impassible!
We may well see sche scornyth us echon.
Go we fast hens, let hir have it aloon.
Cursyng hir maysterys, cursyng hir bokes alle.
Thus schuld be comered! Oure worchep is down falle.
So gret a mayster as sche is, for oure sake."
Thei parte asoundyr, ech man onto his home.
For with the qween wroth thei are echon.
Sche may stody, rede, reherse, and wryght.
Lokyng alwey aftyr new chaungyng.
Betwyx this qween and all hir lychemen.
God send us parte of hir prayere. Amen.

lowercased:
14 sche knowyth not yet the rode. a crucifixion pun: rode means both way and cross.
24 us. not in ms.
55-66 for thus it menyth . . . and thi love. capgrave is adapting the etymology of katherine's name provided in jacobus de voragine's legenda aurea.
250 it is more sykyr a bryd in youre fyste. the first known record of the popular proverb,"a bird in hand is worth two in the bush." see whiting, proverbs, b301. the speaker continues with two more proverbs,"the gray hors whyl his gras growyth / may sterve for hunger" (lines 253-54; compare proverbs, g437) and"the sore may swelle long or the herbe / is growe or rype" (lines 256-57; compare proverbs, s504).
260 now. deleted in ms.
267-71 to se the boweles cut oute of his wombe . . . be foure and be fyve. reference to the method of executing traitors by hanging, drawing, and quartering.
276 se men flete and also se hem synk. probable allusion to a judicial ordeal (the"cold-water ordeal"), dating from c. 800, wherein the accused was cast into water; sinking indicated innocence, floating guilt. see henry charles lea, the ordeal (1866; rpt. philadelphia: university of pennsylvania press, 1973), pp. 72-88.
307 and yet of this punchyng oft he knew ryght nowt. in other words, costus did not personally supervise each and every execution.
470 you. not in ms.
476 i wepe so sore i may no lengere ryme! here and elsewhere (for example, 3.1251, 4.1666), capgrave's characters betray an almost brechtian consciousness that their stories are unfolding in rhyme royal stanzas.
510-23 nabugodonoser . . . goddys grace. daniel's dealings with nebuchadnezzar are recounted in daniel 1-4. according to daniel 6, darius (not nebuchadnezzar) threw daniel to the lions.
510-67 capgrave is establishing katherine's propensity towards conversion: her know-ledge of and respect for scripture (genesis, daniel), her desire to know more about daniel's god, and her purely perfunctory reverence for her own pagan gods (lines 564-67). katherine's study of scripture, however, might have made her a problematic example for fifteenth-century lay readers.
580 ovyde seyde. capgrave is paraphrasing views in the introduction to the remedium amoris.
582 medecyn comyth ovyr late. proverbial: whiting, proverbs, m484.
735-42 valerye . . . in this forsayd werke. the dissuasio valerii ad ruffinum philo-sophum ne uxorem ducat was a popular misogamous tract written by walter map in the late twelfth century.
786 that astate i trede all undyr fote. capgrave may be alluding to popular representations of katherine of alexandria trampling the emperor maxentius. see introduction, p. 2.
825 aristoteles elenkes. aristotle's de sophisticis elenchis (on sophistical refutations) was a standard textbook for late-medieval students of dialectic. aristotle dissects the various rhetorical tricks employed by sophists, whom he defines as people who wish to appear wise without actually being so. in so doing he pro-vides a veritable treasure trove of rhetorical fallacies, which katherine accuses her opponent of using.
909 othir that have abyden long. capgrave evokes the stories of various lovers (troilus, for example, or dido) whose initial resistance to love resulted in a tragic romance.
958-59 mo wyse hedes . . . the bettir is it. proverbial. see whiting, proverbs, h227.
961-93 qwy / that o man above many shall have governing . . . cuntré abowte. the view that kingship results from the voluntary submission of free people to another's authority (pactum subjectionis) is found in the work of various late-medieval political theorists, including marsilius of padua (defensor pacis, especially 1.8-9), duns scotus (ordinatio 4.15.2), and nicholas of cusa (concordantia, especially 2.21-41, 3.4). the idea goes back to greek and roman times, for example, cicero's de officiis (especially 2.21-41) and aristotle's politics (especially 3.14). for general discussions of consent theories and related matters, see jeannine quillet, "community, counsel and representation," in the cambridge history of medieval political thought, c. 350-c. 1450, ed. j. h. burns (cambridge: cambridge university press, 1988), pp. 520-72; and anthony black, political thought in europe, 1250-1450 (cambridge: cambridge university press, 1992), pp. 136-85.
994 thei. not in ms.
1106 whil. rawlinson reads wyll, a careless scribal error. i have emended for sense according to arundel.
1116 grype ne take. the lord is literally saying that no one can overcome katherine's arguments, but, since the overall debate concerns katherine's marriage, we may infer a sexual innuendo.
1124 to gorgalus tyme. see 1.568 ff. for capgrave's account of gorgalus, king of syria, and his descendants.
1154 as wyse. repeated in ms.
1159 he. not in ms.
1167-68 ten or twelve / schuld geve exaumple rathere than schall oone. john gower expresses the same opinion in his discussion of government in the confessio amantis (prologue, lines 157-58).
1191-92 syth ye sey that i am now so wys, / than have i o thing. see line 1148.
1204 in2. not in ms.
1231 athenes, of wysdam it beryth the key. athens was the home of such renowned philosophers as plato, socrates, and aristotle. in chaucer's knight's tale, when theseus is said to be"lord and governour" of athens (i [a] 861), the implication is that he is wise, a man renowned for"his wysdom and his chivalrie"(line 865).
1247 ff. lych a griff am i. the apostle paul develops and explores this simile in romans 11:13-24.
1286 mynerve. minerva, roman goddess of wisdom.
1304 babel. see 1.533-95. alexandria was founded by the sultan babel, who named the city babylon after himself. when alexander the great conquered babylon, he renamed it alexandria.
1354 the fyrst mevere. see aristotle, natural science, book 8, and metaphysics, book 12.
1371 do. not in ms.
1467 we2. not in ms.
summe fyre is nye; experiens telleth you soo.
but there as fyre is; this se we ryth at eye.
hir hert is sette on oon that sytte above.
whanne he was baptized had mad in hir his nest.
for swech exaumples want in that cuntré.
"sche mote be weddyd nedys," thus thei sayde.
sone wyll the fyre be qwenchyd and be owte.
the more thei grow; thei have a full gode grownde.
tyll all be come; ryth swech, lo, is her law.
her serculed cours ryth thus lo have thei cast.
that from that whele sche cast hir not to falle.
thei are now bownd togedyr wondyr sore.
these latyn bokys, i suppose, sey this same.
thei are schyt owt and sche speryd the lok.
whech with thi lordys thu suffyrd as a clerk.
we wyll now streyte dresse us to that werk.
that thei come alle now in her best gyse.
and lordes, eke, becawse thei be strong.
there myght men se who can best sytte and ryde.
the duke of damask, with many another moo.
had thei with hem, these reall lordes thre.
he hath receyvyd hem; he was a full strong syre.
he is come also, the noble duke of tyre.
thei call him there the duke of antioche.
are thei come bothe; he may ryght nowt wante.
his wyll in hir hert ful sone schall he plante.
the day is come now whech assygned was.
the lordes are gadred togedyr all in fere.
swech howses in this world ar not many moo.
i wot not veryly what that men him calle.
"myn sovereyn lady, ye schull not be dysmayde.
thow i to yow sey treuth as i must nede.
of yow, my lady, and that in many stede.
of all youre reume, of lordys and of othyr.
(i sey not fals, for he is present here) . . . .
and tak youre solace be feldys and be brokys.
a real lorde whech may us alle defende.
youre puple gretly therby schuld ye mende.
there is swech choys, it may not be refusede.
than he schuld want youre noble wyse presence.
who se yow onys desyryth not youre absence!
ope youre eres and lyst to oure prayere.
youre answere, lady, schall cause on of these."
was this lady whan sche herd him than.
voyde the sentens of this ilke wyse man.
the hye degré of my devocyoun.
and not the puple - ryght thus redd hafe i.
whech thing i do i fall evyr in dawngere.
whech i am swore to kepe and to defende.
he fyllyth the schyppe and forth anon is goo.
onto this poynt i drede i am browte too.
my modyr, my kyn, my puple, if i wyll plese.
ryde owte on huntyng, use all new atyre.
contynue the same, to godd i make a vowe.
and trace the wodes abowte undyr the bow?
i loved it nevyr; how schuld i love it now?"
and aftyr softly with syhynge gan sche grone.
"gramercy, lordes," sche seyd, "of youre good wylle!
than schuld ye hafe bothe rest and abundaunce.
"i suppose weele that it schulde be soo.
have ful gret hast and i haf ryght noon.
thus schuld ye sey to me if i had hast.
tyll mo yerys of myn age be past.
where i wyll sett me and telle yow myn avyse.
"for hasty schall i noght be in this matere.
lest that i renne in daunger and in wrake.
what schuld i lengere to yow tale now make?
and in abydyng, men seyn, there lyghte hope.
"thus schall we bothe with avysement werk.
best it is, me thinkyt, that we do soo.
the choys is myne; i mote consent ther-too.
tyme of avysement to have, i pray yow.
thys is all and sum that i wyll sey as now."
a rych man, eke, thei sey that he was.
to speke in this matere, ryth thus he thouth.
"the absens of youre fader now in this land.
the same have othir men; i am sekyr it is soo.
in this matere, and ye haske avysement.
and more profitabyl to youre behove.
may sterve for hunger,' thus seyth the proverbe.
seyd so sumtyme and wroot it in his boke.
fro youre kend this governauns is full ferre!
to se hem draw oute be foure and be fyve.
for it wold mak yow to fall in a trauns.
whan thei do weell, to hafe reward and blys.
but ye do thus, grettere growyth oure bale."
than to yow alle; this dare i savely seyn.
doo or sey but as o man alone?
defende youreself thow he with yow not yede.
than were thei kept full low in full grete drede.
my lord my fadyr whan dyd he you lede?
not many yerys befor that he went hens.
as ye dyd than, dothe now in his absence.
thei durst not onys to him than sey nay!
why may ye not do now as ye dyd thanne?
what nedyth yow thus to gruch and to banne?
was hyd fro him be craft and sotelté.
and yet of this punchyng oft he knew ryght nowt.
may it not now in the same case be wrowte?
the traytours eke be the nek ye hem hong.
schuld let your corage? i pray yow tell me now!
be good to me ryght as i am to yow."
thei called him clarus, prince of capados.
upon his knees anoon he gan down falle.
"madame," he seyd, "youre conseytes are full clos.
all these are know; thei may not now be hyd.
as seyd this lord is ded and go us froo.
we are full lykly to falle in care and woo.
and ye be left for to be oure qween.
in oure hertys that ye myght us save.
ye wyll wepe and ye youre fyngyr kytte!
"ye myght redresse all that was now spoke?
to kepe his puple that it be not schent.
we must enforce us therfore to kep yow.
it schuld plese us thow that ye had twelve!
it schuld plese your modyr and eke youreselve.
hyd in youre cophyr and kept now thus clos?
ye may therwith make plate and mayle.
so that ye wold onto this thing consent.
therof youreself wyll bere me recorde.
myght and strength in women, for thei it want.
in stede of strength, of nature thei hafe beuté.
thoo wykkyd dedys whech reygne now ful ryve.
were it in man, in mayden, or in wyffe.
summe of his puple oft he must dysplese.
spouseles i mene - as ye yet evyr hafe doo.
this is oure erand; my tale is fully doo.
than is it weele wared, bothe labour and oure expens."
ye love my worchep, my londys wold ye save.
but wysely spek all that ye have told.
and for this talkyng, i am to yow behold.
in no pes, if it were all as ye sey.
therfore me thynkyth ye walk no trew wey.
"and as for conquest, seres, care ye ryght nowte.
ye fawte nevyr yet for townes ne for no landys.
where ar your prisoneres whech ye led in bandys?
"for we fynde the sowdyoures that be there.
ye pay ryght not - ne nowte i coveyte ye doo.
pluk up youre hertes and be nothing in fere!
arme yow not but if we send yow too.
pleyn yow nowte untyll ye fynd grevaunce.
and peynes gove to hem that schuld be ded.
ryght for ye wold i schuld be wedded in hye.
and ek in hope for to be hang and drawe.
thus may he doo; he is above the lawe.
whech were thus saved, i am nothing in dwere.
it nedyth not herfore to legge auctorité.
that of swech materys nedys mote hem melle.
servauntys to lawe, the more and eke the las.
as thei had evyr in my fadyres lyffe.
this longyth to hem - i kepe not of this stryffe.
that do amys, be hem thei dampned bene.
i schall be to juges bothe kyng and qween."
the erle of jaff was called syr ananye.
"than thei of yow are, it is no dowte.
thei fyght, thei flyght, thei robbe, and thei stele.
it faryth as ye of all this thing ne rowte!
than be werre or justys, lust or elles love.
men sey thei schall bryng yow to your grave.
apeyre his body, his eyne thei make blynde.
that myrth and joye ye late hem slyde forby!
evyr at bokes ye sytte, knele, and lye.
i wepe so sore i may no lengere ryme!
chaunge now youre lyff and let your bok be stylle.
for, be my trowth, stody schall yow spylle.
and mech more ese schull ye haf at hert."
to ony good end - men sett at me ryth nowt.
ye schuld drede more a man than ye do me.
and elles his labour it wil lytyl avayle.
"help ye on youre syde as i shal on myn!
than schal this lond ful wele demened be.
we myth sey than oure levyng were ful ryght.
to erre sumtyme and sumtyme to do amys?
in babilony; evene nabugodonoser he hyth.
a ful goode man and of grete abstinense.
he coude telle all of derth and of pestilence.
he worchiped not swech goddes as we doo.
"was he putt, ryth for the puple so wolde.
he must do soo, thow he wold or nolde.
for danyell was saved ryth be goddys grace.
for puples crying a kyng may oftyn erre.
to make him mevyd, to sett him oute of herre.
fy on her cry whan thei no reson hafe!
"i must leve book, i must leve stody eke.
my bokes, seres, godd help, what greve thei yow?
and be oure bokes ageyn full fast thei grow.
save that in a booke whech genesis thei calle?
if bokes teld hem not only be rowe?
we can forgete that we dyd this yere!
swech manere thinges as we had forgete.
ne were oure bokes, this dare i savely say.
eythere of jubiter or neptune, his brothyr.
leve we than this matere and carp of summe othyr.
"blame not swech thing that stant in full grete stede!
curse not my mayster, for than wyll i be wrothe.
whech longe to our goddis and to her offring.)"
the prince of paphon, of that gret cuntré.
was thoo ful gret in special for his age.
his wordes were acordyng to his visage.
and for to abyde eythir yer or too.
and with his frendes born oute at the gate'?
it wold yow fese the salt watter row.
that i sey now, me thinkyth it for youre prow.
sumtyme here, sumtyme at famagost.
thus shal he governe the lond, the see, the sand.
and stody youre fille; it shal not greve us.
to weld youre leysere as ye desyre to have.
both too and fro, doth be oure counsayle.
in tyme comyng it may yow mech avayle."
"gramercy, sere, of youre goode counsayle,"
and, as me thinkith, no man schal us dere.
whil that ye lyve - herof i drede ryth nowth!
and al my wil therof now i want.
to lern hem just, i wolde wele qwite youre hyere.
to tech hem holde the schaftes that be rounde.
but that we schuld noght preyse men in presence.
whech ye spak of ryght now in youre tale.
it is condempned as for an heresye.
he that is here, he is here and noowhere ellys.
"at grete alysaundyr, he dwelleth not in famagost.
here and there as his jornay wyll preve.
ryght so may i, thow i a woman be.
than in your argument me thynkyth no difficulté."
the duk of damaske was wroth with this answere.
and we wyll evyr hertly bowe ther-too.
so that noo wrong schuld hem ovyrthrowe.
bettyr than i what is to breke an othe.
reson may not, ne schall not, make yow wrothe.
for that thei longe alle onto youre crown.
"for to be weddyd onto summe worthy man.
'where is no lorde there is no lawe,' men say.
schuld sese us sone, and specyaly a may.
but at the last ye must bowe hardylye."
tyll that i deye i schall it nevyr breke.
whech were rehersyd and have her answers eke.
and in noo debate, ne lykely for to be.
of my crown and gylty for to deye.
avyse yow bettyr whan that ye lyst to seye."
that was ful scharp in wytte as i wene.
who pregnantly ye can kepe youre part.
it is less wondyr thow thei concluded be.
grettest of all, i mene the regalté.
most of all women. what eylyth now your wytte?
i am in poynt to leve it is noght ye.
so sore, iwys, me thynkyth it will it kytte.
he counseled so to on ruffyn, ye know it welle.
valerye, the moost in this forsayd werke.
and evyr contrarye onto oure wylle are ye.
thynk ye not what ye seyd wole late, pardé?
ye wold, ye seyd, have on to governe us.
"what schuld he be but he were a kyng?
"who schall it bere; it longeth onto your ryght.
and sey ye wyll no husbonde have as yitte.
"be stedefastly i-sett evyr upon o poynt.
to know youre purpos whan ye vary soo?
let us know pleynly, lady, what ye mene!
we be youre men; thinkyth ye be oure qwene."
whan ye be yung, lusty, and in good hele?
neyther of corn, of men, ne of welfare.
of me swech thing. for truly, it wold not prove.
neythyr to me ne to non other wyght.
to be a dysseyvoure, it is a grett despyte.
eke that astate i trede all undyr fote.
bothe on my faderes and on my moderes syde.
whech is eke come be descense to me?
or that i were founde in swech neclygens.
to meyten ryght ageyn all wrong traces.
withoute swech help, ye wote as weel as i.
but use my langage stabyly and ferme.
fro that purpos whylys that i am here.
this is my mynde, if ye wyll it here.
to have a kyng, lord of town and toure.
ye schall not mak an elne of a unch.
he may chese to geve yow a hors or a fox.
who so that lerneth hem, he schall seme wyse.
but to my byddyng he must lowte and bowe.
for of myn answere, sere, here is the fyne."
wondyr full sore of your grete resones.
thei wayle, eke, that ye have swech a wytte.
than schuld ye a ferde as other women fare.
"youre scole wyll schath us, iwys, we skape it nowte.
in many materes men may be ovyre wyse.
youre conceytes, madame, set hem in summe syse.
accepte oure wyttes and leve sumewhat of youre.
whech schall be to us in manere of a chevetayn.
drawe mech of youre lande evyn unto him.
avyse yow ryght weele; this matere is full dym.
but he were lorde, ryght as ye be lady now.
it is full harde ageyn wylle to bowe.
and hard it is to leve in langoure thus."
but if i knew bettir what that he were.
and to youre governawns thus i demene me.
whych men may governe withowtyn envye.
i profyr yow reson whatsoevyr ye crye."
than spak the amyrell of gret alisaundre.
thus thynk your frendis all that sytte here.
whan that ye may so heyly it endoos.
"how honour ye youre owne grete astate!
why hate ye now that ilk lady must have?
that may youre londes and eke yourself save?
mo folk than ye wold have usyd it!
ne can not knowe the best fro the werre.
be ye ware betyme that ye no lengere erre.
thynk now betyme what shal be the ende!
both cristen and hethen frely com ther-too.
i woote not sumtyme what is best to doo.
i knowe not my frend whan i have nede.
and ye no man cownt not at a pere.
it wyll not prove, swech solen daungere.
and at the last thei have walkyd wrong."
"so shal i not wyth grace of god above.
in swech matere, neythir to lust ne to love.
fy on tho hertes that evyr on swech thing hove!
beth not aferd tyl ye more thing here.
be whech oure rewme happyly harmed myth be?
syth that ye may, why do ye not youre dede?
thei that lett yow are worthy to be dede!
i wold wene ye alone shuld oppresse twelve!"
an othir duke gan than to approche.
the qwenes cosyn, a lord of ful grete fame.
"it passith oure wittis; there is no more to say.
to fostre hem whech you drede and love.
grow ye no hiere - youre wyt is hye inow.
and hauns youre witt out of all mesure.
"what thing letteth yow that ye wil not us leve?
in ony matere, the bettir is it, as thinkyth mee."
to byd and comaund, send both fer and nye.
he his lord of lond, of body, and of lym?
to chese a leedere hem for to governe thoo.
ageyn the son sumtyme stryvyth the modyr.
to bryng in reule thing that was wrong went.
summe for strenght, summe for humanyté.
that i sey treuth, cronycles wytness it.
oft tyme seyn ryth withinne his londe.
and had noo lord, but ych man reuled himselfe.
and to her heed hemself yet must thei lowte.
that he be able to fyght with all his fone.
let us no more as in this matere speke.
this covenaund made ne schall i nevyr breke.
whan all is doo, this schall be the ende.
your wordys therfore lett hem falle fro mende."
than was there woo and waylyng eke enowe.
whan that thei sey where-to the matere drowe.
carefull wytys were thei than ilkone.
the qween hir modyr gan to syghe and grone.
"your dotyng dayes, i trow, now be come!
what wold ye hafe? wote ye what ye say?
and he alone. what wene ye for to hafe?
it is impossible that ye desyre and crafe!
tyll that your wytte is chaunged and your thowte.
for to desyre swych thing as is nowte?
that every poynt thei varye fro the sothe."
ne for noo crafte awey i can it schake."
and to the lordes sche sayd, "all is i-lorn!
what schall we say? what schall we speke or doo?
hir wytte is sett so hye i wot not where.
there is no man that may hir here answere!
"what sey ye cosyn, lord and duk of tyre?
what comyth herof? can ye owte ferther say?
sche wyll not wedde; sche wyll be styll a may.
because i leve thus in swech care and woo!"
he had passed, eke, many a grete daungere.
he myght more boldly sey all his entent.
a thing that lawe forbedyth evyrmore?
this ye desyre, ye wyll not twynn ther-froo.
wyll ye youre bodye fro alle men kepe clene?
i mene youre fadyr and modyr yow beforn?
browt yow forth and to this lyght yow bore.
folow ye the steppys of hem that went before!
whech ye are lykly to bryng forthe and bere.
desyre no thyng that may not goten be.
to grype a degré so grete as ye begynne."
to ley oure worchep so lowe undyr brere.
and i forgo that thing that i loved best?
i wyll not entere whil i may kepe me owte.
whech is not stedfast in lowe ne in astate?
and with her plesaunce eft medeleth debate.
i wold hafe lyffe and love that evyr is stable."
hir craft is swech we may hir not enclyne.
whech sche dredyth - hir termys be so wyse.
whatevyr we say, sche gevyth of it no pryce.
we want a leedere, if we owte schuld doo.
as it stant now, madame, in no lond of youre.
of thing that ye rejoye we schall hafe langoure!"
"have ye not gove to me bothe crown and londe?
of regalté whech i hold in myn honde.
and all the labour and werke, that schall be youre.
to serve my crown and ther-to be ye swore."
he seyd wordys whech sempt full wyse.
his name was called thoo syre eugeny.
but if he hath both powere and wytte, certeyne.
and elles oure reule sone wyll breke in two.
exaumple to othyr mene he schall be for that sake.
schuld geve exaumple rathere than schall oone.
ye have my mocyoun, for my tale is doone."
"that is to sey neythyr wytte ne strength.
youre londys that ly so fer in brede and length?
and to youre hert it wolde be full grete dole.
to councell and rede that he do not amys.
this were noo worchepe to me ne to my kyn!
held me excused, for sykyrly i ne schalle!
than have i o thing whech longeth to regalté.
chese ye now; we be no lengere wrothe."
to have what man whech hem liked to heed.
that ye were lych hem, certeyn, in every stownde.
schall tak his savour, be it soure or swote.
that every lych his lych he schall desyre.
or ellys your hert dyspysyth joye as myre!
i can no more - i speke oncurteslye.
i may not chese, i am so vexed trulye."
who will oute lerne, lat him take thedyr the wey.
in that we dyverse, i can not ther-to sey nay.
where that her joye is but lych a drem.
i take swych lyffe, i hope, is ferm and stabyll."
of this same mayde, if thei it myght purchase.
to have an answere of hir, plat and pleyn.
whech was full wys and of full grete cunnyng.
alle his delyte and joye was in lernyng.
and all is lost but sche ther-to take hede.
whech schuld excite yow wedded for to be.
in all this world whech is so hye alyed.
i mene your beuté, god mote it preserve.
evyr lest it tyll tyme that ye sterve!
"it may not fall fro yow be no weye.
for, as i suppose, no man may hem gesse.
and eke your puple, i hope, it schuld avaunce.
owte of whech ye were begote and bore.
for to spede oure purpos well and fyne.
wote ye nott welle of what lordes ye came?
whech made this cyté, babel, i mene, be name.
were enhaunshed hyely with gret fame.
doth ye the same for youre kynrod sake!
swech anothyr as ye be hardyly.
it is not presyd in noo book that i rede.
and of hir werk, no man hir to repreve.
"whech can not thank hir of hir hye grace.
that all is well, ryght as we wold it have.
than trowe i welle ye have hem all alone.
lete him have parte of swech thing as ye han.
if nature were here, the same sche wold byd!
it is not gove yow to have it all alone!
that he to other schall comoun that godd him sent.
his gyftis fro yow draw awey he schall.
and, as me thinkyth, mech to youre behove.
is the rychesse whech is onto yow falle.
"ye be so rych the world wondyrth of it.
what schall ye do with alle this welth alone?
that schall ye best do if ye take a kyng.
here is my tale, here is myn askyng."
"and sent me graces whech othir women want.
to chese an husbond, good and debonayre.
we pase all women that now formed are.
i wold know to me who that worthy ware.
and of swech lynage born as we be?
the more ye plete, the more ye stand in doute.
i schall dyscryve myn husbond whom i wyll hafe.
fro noo purpos that he set him on.
"as onto us, whom ye hafe so commended.
and ellys, sekyr, we wyll have husbond none.
loke well aboute if ye can fynd swych on!
and evyr his myght demened with mesure.
i wyll him hafe; i schall nevyr sey nay.
that him neded not of othir mennys goode.
no lorde in erthe i wold have him lych.
he schuld hem graunte more than her askyng.
and onto his lordchype bothe servaunt, spouse, and wyffe.
sodenly to fayle and falle fro swech welth.
but wepe and morne all in clothys blake.
this lord to whom ye wold me newe alye.
my lord, my fadyr, and eke my lady, asundyr?
that i fle this, me thinkyth it is no wondyr!"
fro wepyng; teres full sore thei gun down falle.
for now sche seeth there is non othyr grace.
"alas," sche seyd, "sorow hath me nye slayn!
where schall we seke? where schall we swych on fynde?
sche wote not what sche seyth, sche is so made!
"as sche desyryth? it is not, pardé, possible.
ther is non swech, than schall sche nevyr have non!"
"nevyr deye, nevyr seke? he must be impassible!
we may well see sche scornyth us echon.
go we fast hens, let hir have it aloon.
cursyng hir maysterys, cursyng hir bokes alle.
thus schuld be comered! oure worchep is down falle.
so gret a mayster as sche is, for oure sake."
thei parte asoundyr, ech man onto his home.
for with the qween wroth thei are echon.
sche may stody, rede, reherse, and wryght.
lokyng alwey aftyr new chaungyng.
betwyx this qween and all hir lychemen.
god send us parte of hir prayere. amen.


text:
An inmate makes a phone call from his cell at the Orange County jail in Santa Ana, California, May 24, 2011.
The New York City Council voted this week to provide free telephone calls for anyone held in the city’s correctional facilities. The move will save New York City inmates and their families an estimated US$8 million a year.
Until this law takes effect, phone services in the city’s jails will continue to be provided by Securus Technologies which, like other private companies, charges inmates and their families, the ultimate ‘captive customers’, at higher than average rates.
Currently, Securus charges an initial fee of 50 cents, plus 5 cents per minute for calls within New York, as well as fees for depositing funds. The cost of calls can quickly become prohibitive. With black people and Latinos making up over 86% of inmates in New York City, communities of color primarily bear these high costs. Many already lived in poverty before their arrests, and are held in pre-trial detention simply because they cannot afford to pay bail.
The new law will also prohibit the city from making revenue for itself on phone call fees. City government had a revenue sharing agreement with Securus, which guaranteed the city at least $5 million in income each year.
Phone calls provide an important link between people in custody and their families. Inmates that maintain family ties have an easier re-entry process, and may be less likely to reoffend. Children also benefit from having regular contact with parents in prison. The city should not look to raise revenues by charging people for these vital connections, nor should low income families be forced to sacrifice basic necessities to pay for calls.
Last year, a court ruled that the Federal Communications Commission cannot set caps on the cost of in-state prison phone calls, leaving it to each state and local jurisdiction to set the fees. New York City is among the first jurisdictions to eliminate fees altogether, and prohibit revenue sharing contracts. In the absence of national legislation, other cities and states should follow suit. People in custody should be able to stay in touch with their families without paying an exorbitant price.

lowercased:
an inmate makes a phone call from his cell at the orange county jail in santa ana, california, may 24, 2011.
the new york city council voted this week to provide free telephone calls for anyone held in the city’s correctional facilities. the move will save new york city inmates and their families an estimated us$8 million a year.
until this law takes effect, phone services in the city’s jails will continue to be provided by securus technologies which, like other private companies, charges inmates and their families, the ultimate ‘captive customers’, at higher than average rates.
currently, securus charges an initial fee of 50 cents, plus 5 cents per minute for calls within new york, as well as fees for depositing funds. the cost of calls can quickly become prohibitive. with black people and latinos making up over 86% of inmates in new york city, communities of color primarily bear these high costs. many already lived in poverty before their arrests, and are held in pre-trial detention simply because they cannot afford to pay bail.
the new law will also prohibit the city from making revenue for itself on phone call fees. city government had a revenue sharing agreement with securus, which guaranteed the city at least $5 million in income each year.
phone calls provide an important link between people in custody and their families. inmates that maintain family ties have an easier re-entry process, and may be less likely to reoffend. children also benefit from having regular contact with parents in prison. the city should not look to raise revenues by charging people for these vital connections, nor should low income families be forced to sacrifice basic necessities to pay for calls.
last year, a court ruled that the federal communications commission cannot set caps on the cost of in-state prison phone calls, leaving it to each state and local jurisdiction to set the fees. new york city is among the first jurisdictions to eliminate fees altogether, and prohibit revenue sharing contracts. in the absence of national legislation, other cities and states should follow suit. people in custody should be able to stay in touch with their families without paying an exorbitant price.


text:
Welcome to the Toad Hall Hotel the best boutique hotel on Lake Arenal, Costa Rica!
Toad Hall Hotel’s BLACK NOVEMBER Hotel Specials!
Book 3 Nights, get 1 Night FREE!
Book Any Night and get a 25% Cash Savings Discount!
Have any special requirements or requests? Please let us know what we can do to help ensure you have the adventure of a lifetime!
– Only applicable when done through the hotel booking system.
We welcome you to visit Toad Hall Hotel on Lake Arenal. The Jewel of Costa Rica!
Copyright © 2016 Toad Hall Hotel. World Famous Toad Hall Costa Rica. Toad Hall Arenal. Toad Hall Hotel Boutique. All Rights Reserved.
Toad Hall Hotel | Lago Arenal, Costa Rica.

lowercased:
welcome to the toad hall hotel the best boutique hotel on lake arenal, costa rica!
toad hall hotel’s black november hotel specials!
book 3 nights, get 1 night free!
book any night and get a 25% cash savings discount!
have any special requirements or requests? please let us know what we can do to help ensure you have the adventure of a lifetime!
– only applicable when done through the hotel booking system.
we welcome you to visit toad hall hotel on lake arenal. the jewel of costa rica!
copyright © 2016 toad hall hotel. world famous toad hall costa rica. toad hall arenal. toad hall hotel boutique. all rights reserved.
toad hall hotel | lago arenal, costa rica.


text:
The Nepal Stock Exchange (Nepse) soared to an all-time high of 1877.93 points last week as the financial sector witnessed a massive share trading of shares.
Shares of commercial banks, insurance companies, and development banks traded as hotcakes as the market posted the highest ever single-day transaction of Rs2.75 billion on Tuesday. The market rose to 1881.45 points before closing at 1877.45 on Thursday, the last trading day.
Among the top five companies with the highest turnover, four were commercial banks. Siddhartha Bank saw transaction of its shares worth Rs565.39 million as an alleged leak of information about the company’s upcoming dividend distribution plans prompted investors to splurge on its shares.
Stockbrokers, however, said the bank’s shares were traded after a halt as it recently underwent a merger adding up its financial strength. Moreover, the investors were attracted towards its shares because of low price compared to other commercial banks, said the brokers. Machhapuchhre Bank, Nepal Bank and Nepal Bangladesh Bank followed as they posted a turnover of Rs548.77 million, Rs405.89 million and Rs330.45 million, respectively.
The overall market transaction volume shot up by 49.64 percent to Rs9.3 billion. Analysts and brokers attributed to the rise to the increased investor confidence after the reduced broker commission rate came into effect and the trading hours were increased to four. “The investors’ trading expenses reduced after the new provision of reduced broker commission came into effect, boosting investors’ morale,” said Rabindra Bhattarai, a stock market analyst.
He said investors’ inclination towards financial sector shares was because of good financial performance of the sector in the last fiscal year. Despite facing the impact of prolonged Indian embargo, Nepal’s banking sector has been posting good profits. Out of the nine trading groups, six posted gains. The insurance sector (up 377.87) led the gainers side while the others and hydropower sectors dropped 38.17 and 17.23 points, respectively.
“Two major factors—better financial reports and lowered broker commission—lifted investors’ confidence,” said Suchita Khanal, managing director of Sweta Securities. “Moreover, the increase in trading hours also contributed to the rise.” According to Khanal, the transaction volume might surge further in the coming days as talks about increasing the number of system-logins for brokers from the current two to three have surfaced. This will enable more transactions at the same time.

lowercased:
the nepal stock exchange (nepse) soared to an all-time high of 1877.93 points last week as the financial sector witnessed a massive share trading of shares.
shares of commercial banks, insurance companies, and development banks traded as hotcakes as the market posted the highest ever single-day transaction of rs2.75 billion on tuesday. the market rose to 1881.45 points before closing at 1877.45 on thursday, the last trading day.
among the top five companies with the highest turnover, four were commercial banks. siddhartha bank saw transaction of its shares worth rs565.39 million as an alleged leak of information about the company’s upcoming dividend distribution plans prompted investors to splurge on its shares.
stockbrokers, however, said the bank’s shares were traded after a halt as it recently underwent a merger adding up its financial strength. moreover, the investors were attracted towards its shares because of low price compared to other commercial banks, said the brokers. machhapuchhre bank, nepal bank and nepal bangladesh bank followed as they posted a turnover of rs548.77 million, rs405.89 million and rs330.45 million, respectively.
the overall market transaction volume shot up by 49.64 percent to rs9.3 billion. analysts and brokers attributed to the rise to the increased investor confidence after the reduced broker commission rate came into effect and the trading hours were increased to four. “the investors’ trading expenses reduced after the new provision of reduced broker commission came into effect, boosting investors’ morale,” said rabindra bhattarai, a stock market analyst.
he said investors’ inclination towards financial sector shares was because of good financial performance of the sector in the last fiscal year. despite facing the impact of prolonged indian embargo, nepal’s banking sector has been posting good profits. out of the nine trading groups, six posted gains. the insurance sector (up 377.87) led the gainers side while the others and hydropower sectors dropped 38.17 and 17.23 points, respectively.
“two major factors—better financial reports and lowered broker commission—lifted investors’ confidence,” said suchita khanal, managing director of sweta securities. “moreover, the increase in trading hours also contributed to the rise.” according to khanal, the transaction volume might surge further in the coming days as talks about increasing the number of system-logins for brokers from the current two to three have surfaced. this will enable more transactions at the same time.


text:
Wisconsin’s OWI law contains the following two offenses: Operating While Intoxicated (“OWI”) and Operating With a Prohibited Alcohol Concentration (“PAC”). While many individuals are charged with both offenses, one of the charges will normally be dropped for sentencing purposes because they are companion charges.
An OWI charge requires proof that the individual was driving a motor vehicle on a highway and that the individual was under the influence of an intoxicant at the time they were operating the motor vehicle. The term “highway” has been determined by the courts to mean any publically owned road. But what does it mean to be “under the influence of an intoxicant”? In plain English, there must be proof that the person consumed enough alcohol (or other intoxicant) to diminish their ability to exercise the clear judgment needed to control their vehicle.
A PAC charge is separate from an OWI charge. For an individual with two or fewer prior convictions for an OWI and/or related offenses, the prohibited alcohol concentration is 0.08. If an individual has three or more prior convictions for an OWI and/or related offenses, then the prohibited alcohol concentration is 0.02. Alcohol concentration is determined by testing an individual’s blood, breath, or urine. Where an individual is found to have a concentration higher than what is legally permitted, they will be charged with a PAC charge as well.
To be convicted of a PAC charge, there must be proof that the individual was driving or operating a motor vehicle on a highway and that the individual had a prohibited alcohol concentration while they were driving the motor vehicle. Essentially, if you are over the established legal limits for alcohol concentration, you will be charged with a PAC. It is important to note that if an individual tests positive for a PAC it creates a presumption that an individual was operating while intoxicated.
What Constitutes “Driving” for Purposes of an OWI?
Preliminary Breath Test: Friend or Foe?

lowercased:
wisconsin’s owi law contains the following two offenses: operating while intoxicated (“owi”) and operating with a prohibited alcohol concentration (“pac”). while many individuals are charged with both offenses, one of the charges will normally be dropped for sentencing purposes because they are companion charges.
an owi charge requires proof that the individual was driving a motor vehicle on a highway and that the individual was under the influence of an intoxicant at the time they were operating the motor vehicle. the term “highway” has been determined by the courts to mean any publically owned road. but what does it mean to be “under the influence of an intoxicant”? in plain english, there must be proof that the person consumed enough alcohol (or other intoxicant) to diminish their ability to exercise the clear judgment needed to control their vehicle.
a pac charge is separate from an owi charge. for an individual with two or fewer prior convictions for an owi and/or related offenses, the prohibited alcohol concentration is 0.08. if an individual has three or more prior convictions for an owi and/or related offenses, then the prohibited alcohol concentration is 0.02. alcohol concentration is determined by testing an individual’s blood, breath, or urine. where an individual is found to have a concentration higher than what is legally permitted, they will be charged with a pac charge as well.
to be convicted of a pac charge, there must be proof that the individual was driving or operating a motor vehicle on a highway and that the individual had a prohibited alcohol concentration while they were driving the motor vehicle. essentially, if you are over the established legal limits for alcohol concentration, you will be charged with a pac. it is important to note that if an individual tests positive for a pac it creates a presumption that an individual was operating while intoxicated.
what constitutes “driving” for purposes of an owi?
preliminary breath test: friend or foe?


text:
St. Peter's is an ancient brick-built Church set in its Churchyard located in the centre of the village up a short driveway from the A52. The clock (sometimes!) strikes the hours and halves and the three bells are rung on certain occasions. There is a small organ which is used at most services. There is ample parking.
A regular congregation of 20-25 meets for worship each Sunday at 9.00am. Services are in modern language and are Communion or Morning Worship (led by a Lay Minister).
There is also a mid-week service each Tuesday at 9.30am: this is always Holy Communion using the traditional language of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer.
Refreshments are served after most services in the nearby Annexe (click here for details) where toilets are also available.
The Local Authority Cemetery (which serves Mablethorpe, Trusthorpe and Sutton on Sea) is next door to St. Peter's and can be reached by footbridge (over the dyke) from the Church.

lowercased:
st. peter's is an ancient brick-built church set in its churchyard located in the centre of the village up a short driveway from the a52. the clock (sometimes!) strikes the hours and halves and the three bells are rung on certain occasions. there is a small organ which is used at most services. there is ample parking.
a regular congregation of 20-25 meets for worship each sunday at 9.00am. services are in modern language and are communion or morning worship (led by a lay minister).
there is also a mid-week service each tuesday at 9.30am: this is always holy communion using the traditional language of the 1662 book of common prayer.
refreshments are served after most services in the nearby annexe (click here for details) where toilets are also available.
the local authority cemetery (which serves mablethorpe, trusthorpe and sutton on sea) is next door to st. peter's and can be reached by footbridge (over the dyke) from the church.


text:
Shop for Care – quickly access all of the free or reduced-cost medical procedures available to you at high quality facilities from high quality physicians!
Contact Your Care Guide – Tracy, your personal healthcare guide, is available for you to talk to! Need help accessing your free or reduced cost care? Want to discuss a procedure? Use the app to connect and get the help you need!
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Please note: the Evolution app and service are only available to eligible employees of employers who subscribe to the Evolution service. If you’re not sure if your employer is subscribed to Evolution, please contact your HR or Benefits staff member.

lowercased:
shop for care – quickly access all of the free or reduced-cost medical procedures available to you at high quality facilities from high quality physicians!
contact your care guide – tracy, your personal healthcare guide, is available for you to talk to! need help accessing your free or reduced cost care? want to discuss a procedure? use the app to connect and get the help you need!
my benefits – not sure what your deductible is? co-insurance questions? your plan snapshot has the answers!
insurance card – no more lost, misplaced, or out-of-date insurance cards! your most up-to-date card is always in the app – automatically!
please note: the evolution app and service are only available to eligible employees of employers who subscribe to the evolution service. if you’re not sure if your employer is subscribed to evolution, please contact your hr or benefits staff member.


text:
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aug 31, · learn how to download and customize windows media player, and get help and how- to info. mp4 player free & safe download!
mp4 player latest version! works with all windows versions; users choice!
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view and download teac mp- 200 user manual online.


text:
Do you experience achy, sore feet? Do your knees bother you? Do you ever feel tight in your calves? Do you wake up with tired legs and feet?
Then this is the workshop for you. We will explore massage techniques, deep tissue release and poses to help alleviate tired, achy legs, feet and knees. Our feet are the foundation of our being and all too often we neglect them, taking them for granted, only paying attention once our poor little tootsies are screaming out in pain. This workshop will reconnect you with your feet and lower legs and introduce you to daily self-care techniques we need to put a spring back in our step.
Sign-up in-person at the front desk or by phone 913-384-3200 to reserve your spot and start feeling better!
Bring a mat, water and notebook and pen. Handouts will be provided. Wear your yoga clothes.

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do you experience achy, sore feet? do your knees bother you? do you ever feel tight in your calves? do you wake up with tired legs and feet?
then this is the workshop for you. we will explore massage techniques, deep tissue release and poses to help alleviate tired, achy legs, feet and knees. our feet are the foundation of our being and all too often we neglect them, taking them for granted, only paying attention once our poor little tootsies are screaming out in pain. this workshop will reconnect you with your feet and lower legs and introduce you to daily self-care techniques we need to put a spring back in our step.
sign-up in-person at the front desk or by phone 913-384-3200 to reserve your spot and start feeling better!
bring a mat, water and notebook and pen. handouts will be provided. wear your yoga clothes.


text:
Unlock HTC Jetstream - Easy instructions for how to unlock HTC Jetstream. Quick & Safe method. Best price and 24/7 Customer Support included. Receive your HTC Jetstream unlock code in minutes. We can even unlock Jetstream devices your carrier refuses to unlock for you. Just insert the SIM card you want to use and the cell phone will prompt for the unlock code („SIM Network Unlock PIN”). If your phone does not ask for one and there is no input field where to enter the unlock code, please contact our customer support before starting the ordering process. Feel free to get in touch with us, we will gladly respond you within less than 12 hours on any question about how to unlock HTC Jetstream.
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unlock htc jetstream - easy instructions for how to unlock htc jetstream. quick & safe method. best price and 24/7 customer support included. receive your htc jetstream unlock code in minutes. we can even unlock jetstream devices your carrier refuses to unlock for you. just insert the sim card you want to use and the cell phone will prompt for the unlock code („sim network unlock pin”). if your phone does not ask for one and there is no input field where to enter the unlock code, please contact our customer support before starting the ordering process. feel free to get in touch with us, we will gladly respond you within less than 12 hours on any question about how to unlock htc jetstream.
why should i order a htc jetstream unlock code?
i had trouble unlocking my phone until i stumbled upon this web service. they provided advice and clear instructions how to unlock htc jetstream and i was able to type in the code received through e-mail. i had no problems or qualms with the code and everything worked great as it was intended.
my htc jetstream from globe philippines been unlocked with no complications. wasn't able to find anybody to do it for me around mobile shops. crazy happy. thanks again, unlockradar.
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Many people undergoing cancer treatment are unable to drive themselves to their treatment appointments. This makes volunteer driving one of the most important volunteer roles at Cancer Society Auckland.
Volunteer drivers pick patients up from their home, take them to their appointments and return them home again. This service helps take some of the stress off people and their families during what is already a difficult time.
Being a volunteer driver may only take a few hours once a week, once a fortnight, or even once a month. You can choose to drive as little or as often as you like on days that suit you. Patients appointments are Monday-Friday during business hours, so no out of hours driving is required.
Empathy for people being treated for cancer.
Excellent communication skills with the ability to establish rapport with people who may be stressed or upset.
Confidence and professionalism in challenging situations.
We provide you with full training and on-going support, and a contribution to your travel costs is available.
Please fill out the form below to register your interest in becoming a Volunteer Driver. If you have any questions or would like some more information, please call Gretchen on 09 308 0496 or email volunteers@akcansoc.org.nz.
Thanks to all the volunteer drivers who helped me while I was having treatment. They were absolutely fantastic, just like my own family. They are well trained.

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many people undergoing cancer treatment are unable to drive themselves to their treatment appointments. this makes volunteer driving one of the most important volunteer roles at cancer society auckland.
volunteer drivers pick patients up from their home, take them to their appointments and return them home again. this service helps take some of the stress off people and their families during what is already a difficult time.
being a volunteer driver may only take a few hours once a week, once a fortnight, or even once a month. you can choose to drive as little or as often as you like on days that suit you. patients appointments are monday-friday during business hours, so no out of hours driving is required.
empathy for people being treated for cancer.
excellent communication skills with the ability to establish rapport with people who may be stressed or upset.
confidence and professionalism in challenging situations.
we provide you with full training and on-going support, and a contribution to your travel costs is available.
please fill out the form below to register your interest in becoming a volunteer driver. if you have any questions or would like some more information, please call gretchen on 09 308 0496 or email volunteers@akcansoc.org.nz.
thanks to all the volunteer drivers who helped me while i was having treatment. they were absolutely fantastic, just like my own family. they are well trained.


text:
[Unity] What is the unit of the object length value? And how does it scale?
I am the latest Vuforia Unity SDK together with the latest Unity Editor on HoloLens. Since I am targeting a rather large object I've printed the object scanning target in DIN A0 size, which is 841mm x 1189mm. Now the default value in the object target prefab in the "Target length" field is 142.5. I assume these are also mm units. On a DIN A0 scale the value I enter here should be 570 I guess (see picture).
But entering 570 there, makes the object scale up to (570, 570, 570), which in default Unity units is huge. Like 570m x 570m x 570m.
The object is then tracked by obsviously since Unity (or Vuforia?) thinks its 570m large, it gets positioned totally wrong. E.g. I stand exactly in front of the object but my augmentations get positioned really far away.
Well, I hope you get the idea of what confuses me.
How to use the object length field to specify the object size?
The units referenced on the object scanner target (mm) are merely for reference. They are not guaranteed to be accurate as that depends upon how it was printed. Thus, if you require accurate values (which is recommended for see-through eyewear - see below), I would suggest that you use a tool to get measurements of your 3D target.
On the topic of units, keep in mind that Vuforia uses 3D scene units, which are arbitrary units of measurements that can be mm, cm, meters, inches, etc. Normally, devs will use a standard measure (like mm), but intrinsic units (like pixels) or arbitrary values can be used. My recommended best practice is to use a standard unit in the same application. Vuforia samples use meters as the default scene units, so if you're basing your experiments upon them you will need to adjust the 3D target's measurements to meet that convention.
Lastly, with see-through eyewear (such as HoloLens), for proper augmentation registration during tracking it is critical that the 3D target's W:L:H measurements of the object (think of a bounding box) match exactly what is entered into the Object Target prefab.
thank you. You actually did help me understand the target scanner a bit more.

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[unity] what is the unit of the object length value? and how does it scale?
i am the latest vuforia unity sdk together with the latest unity editor on hololens. since i am targeting a rather large object i've printed the object scanning target in din a0 size, which is 841mm x 1189mm. now the default value in the object target prefab in the "target length" field is 142.5. i assume these are also mm units. on a din a0 scale the value i enter here should be 570 i guess (see picture).
but entering 570 there, makes the object scale up to (570, 570, 570), which in default unity units is huge. like 570m x 570m x 570m.
the object is then tracked by obsviously since unity (or vuforia?) thinks its 570m large, it gets positioned totally wrong. e.g. i stand exactly in front of the object but my augmentations get positioned really far away.
well, i hope you get the idea of what confuses me.
how to use the object length field to specify the object size?
the units referenced on the object scanner target (mm) are merely for reference. they are not guaranteed to be accurate as that depends upon how it was printed. thus, if you require accurate values (which is recommended for see-through eyewear - see below), i would suggest that you use a tool to get measurements of your 3d target.
on the topic of units, keep in mind that vuforia uses 3d scene units, which are arbitrary units of measurements that can be mm, cm, meters, inches, etc. normally, devs will use a standard measure (like mm), but intrinsic units (like pixels) or arbitrary values can be used. my recommended best practice is to use a standard unit in the same application. vuforia samples use meters as the default scene units, so if you're basing your experiments upon them you will need to adjust the 3d target's measurements to meet that convention.
lastly, with see-through eyewear (such as hololens), for proper augmentation registration during tracking it is critical that the 3d target's w:l:h measurements of the object (think of a bounding box) match exactly what is entered into the object target prefab.
thank you. you actually did help me understand the target scanner a bit more.


text:
General English aren’t the only students starting this morning! Lexis Sunshine Coast also welcomes 5 new and 11 returning students to study their Cambridge course.
We hope you all enjoy your studies with us at Lexis Sunshine Coast!

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general english aren’t the only students starting this morning! lexis sunshine coast also welcomes 5 new and 11 returning students to study their cambridge course.
we hope you all enjoy your studies with us at lexis sunshine coast!


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This is a Cigar style Ballpoint pen turned out of Bocote, with Satin Gold hardware. It is 6 inches long and weighs about 2 ounces. It uses a Parker refill. This pen has a double-twist mechanism.
It is a very comfortable pen for those with larger hands or for those who have trouble grasping smaller objects. It's about 11 mm in diameter where I grasp it for writing.

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this is a cigar style ballpoint pen turned out of bocote, with satin gold hardware. it is 6 inches long and weighs about 2 ounces. it uses a parker refill. this pen has a double-twist mechanism.
it is a very comfortable pen for those with larger hands or for those who have trouble grasping smaller objects. it's about 11 mm in diameter where i grasp it for writing.


text:
Another exclusive innovation of this collection: the user-friendly jacquard! The dyeing has been worked out on an eight-colour thread just to achieve a real jacquard effect. This implies that, by simply working with plain and purl stitch, you will get coloured striped pattern with jacquard elements. Forget the hard manufacturing to achieve this particular pattern. The composition and the count enable you to create wonderful garments which suit everyone. Obviously with an unparalleled easiness, you really must have a try..
Ask your LYS the mini-books with the instructions or click to download the eBook.
Are you interested in Knitcol yarn? Contact us!

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another exclusive innovation of this collection: the user-friendly jacquard! the dyeing has been worked out on an eight-colour thread just to achieve a real jacquard effect. this implies that, by simply working with plain and purl stitch, you will get coloured striped pattern with jacquard elements. forget the hard manufacturing to achieve this particular pattern. the composition and the count enable you to create wonderful garments which suit everyone. obviously with an unparalleled easiness, you really must have a try..
ask your lys the mini-books with the instructions or click to download the ebook.
are you interested in knitcol yarn? contact us!