text:
Why is the Coptic Pope based in Cairo and not Alexandria?
Shouldn't the Coptic Pope be based in Alexandria, seeing as we call the His Holiness the Pope of "Alexandria"? And the Coptic Church is called the Church of "Alexandria"? I know there exists the Historical Cathedral of St. Mark in Alexandria but why is the Pope based in the Cathedral in Cairo?
Why and when did this change occur?
The change as made when Cairo became the capital of Egypt. As for when was it done, i'll leave that to someone else to find.
Cairo was built in second half of the 10th century, by the Fatimite Khalif El-Muez LeDin Allah (later baptized in the monastery of Abu Seifen after the Mukatam miracle).
It was built in place of existing "cities" like El-Fustat and El-Kata'3, which were more of camping sites of the islamic armies and the residence place of the arab rulers, and had been the center of political power since the arab invasion.
Cairo became the capital of the Fatimite State in North Africa and the Levant and as such of increasing political importance, which led the 70th Pope Gabriel II (known as Ibn Turek) to officially annex Cairo to Alexandria under his jurisdiction in his papacy (1131 -1145 a.d.). Pope Gabriel II annexed Cairo after the death of her Bishop, Youaness Ibn Senhout.
There are indications that Pope Gabriel II was not the first Pope to try to move to Cairo, but he was the first successful Pope in his attempt.
The residence of all subsequent Popes has been a church in Cairo.
Interestingly enough, the famous theologian and Bishop Boulous El-Boushy in the 13th century, is sometimes referred to as Bishop of Cairo (Egypt) or Babylon (the ancient fortress near Cairo). It is not known whether Babylon was considered outside the geographic limits of diocese of Cairo, but is not likely. It is equally unlikely that Pope Kyrillos III would give up any territory to another bishop, even if it his close friend.
The same is with patriarch of Serbia.
In middle ages his see was town of Pec but when the Turks invaded Serbia after several centuries the see was moved. And that happend two times.
Now Serbian patriarch in his title has that he is archbishop of Pec, but he resides 500km north, in Belgrade.
Several dioceses of Serbian church also in their name has one see, but bishop resides in another.
I believe the Pope is stretched too thin. Covering Cairo, Alexandria, all the areas in the States without a diocesan Bishop seems to be too much. It would seem very difficult if not impossible to provide effective oversight with such a wide span of control.
But the pope is not alone. In the US, he has a patriarchal exarch for North America through Bishop David, a patriarchal exarch for the Eritreans in the US through Bishop Macarius, a suffragan diocese of Virgina through Bishop Michael, and 2 diocese with their respective bishops. He also has general bishops doing work in the US.
In Cairo, there are 12 general bishops who are either suffragan bishops or assistants to the patriarchal throne in Cairo. He also has a patriarchal vicar in Cairo through Hegumen Sergios Sergios.
"Stretched too thin" is a very subjective quality. What exactly is too thin? Are 5 bishops in the US not enough that Pope Tawadros is doing the work himself? Praise God who sent us a shepherd with such vigor and enthusiasm and heart. May God give our pope the strength to do His will always, regardless of where the pope resides.
Complex issues and decisions have still required the involvement of the Pope in some of the areas that you mention that are technically in the Pope's diocese but overseen by bishops.
Sometimes the bishops may even defer the issue entirely to the Pope and ask the church in question to take the issue up with the Pope directly. In the meantime the bishops may avoid visiting or contacting the church in question to avoid getting involved in a situation they feel should only be addressed by the Pope.
Here is where situations can deteriorate. By the time a church is able to actually contact and communicate with the Pope, months if not years usually pass and situations can spiral out of control. A simple issue that could have been resolved with early intervention can be disastrous if left to fester. And this has happened more than once.
HG Bishop Youssef and I believe HG Bishop Serapion visit each church in their diocese at least twice a year if not more and are in constant contact with priests and congregation. They are able to keep tabs on the churches in their diocese. They also have the authority to address issues and make decisions complex or otherwise. I am not so sure the churches in the areas you mention benefit from the same type of regular oversight and ability to sucessfully resolve problems swiftly.
HH Pope Tawadros has shown wisdom in his managerial style and I am confident he will structure church leadership in a way that is most effective - not necessarily the way it was in the past. Just as HH Pope Shenouda showed wisdom in assigning diocesan bishops such as Bishop Serapion and Bishop Youssef, I am sure HH Pope Tawadros will continue to structure leadership effectively.
I think people's issue is that these bishops are all general bishops, and so the Pope is the ultimate diocesan bishop. Since these general bishops cannot ordain their own priests and thus have their authority derived from the Pope, this effectively gives the Pope control over them, giving him control of the Holy Synod (he can count on the votes of the general bishops under his control), and thus moving towards a Roman Catholic monarchal model of the papacy. In ancient times, the bishop of Alexandria was first among equals in Egypt, and still only had one vote in the Synod. Now he effectively has the votes of 30 general bishops plus himself.
Note: this is not personal, I am not saying that Pope Tawadros, or any other previous popes were wrong, I'm just saying that the principle is wrong.
You are right, but it is clear that this will be the hierarchy model for the foreseen future of the Coptic Church.
i have to ask...what would those 'votes' of the general bishops count towards?! ya3ny isn't each of them STILL have their own voice and authority as a bishop in the holy synod. if each diocese only have one bishop vote int he Holy Synod....what about the dioceses that are being broken up more and more through the years as the congregation increases.....is that 'vote' broken up into little parts to?!
Theoretically the general bishops have their own vote of course, but realistically and practically they are not going to go against the Pope, as he is their boss (you do what your boss tells you). It is unheard of until now for a bishop to have a boss.
I don't get the second part of your statement. If dioceses are being broken up, it means that more diocesan bishops are being ordained, and I can see no reason why a full diocesan bishop shouldn't have a vote.
so it's not that a bishop has a vote, it's a diocese bishop.....kool!!!
Actually, in regards to the magisterial model of the Catholic church, I actually heard Metropolitan Pachomious actually say that our church legislation was governed by the magesterium! I was extremely upset that because of the model of leadership which we have experienced, even the teaching of the church fathers has changed to a western ideology.
I see exactly what you are saying but I think it will be different with HH Pope Tawadros. You see, Pope Shenouda ordained myriads of bishops, in some cases general bishops and in some cases he split up other dioceses. He typically ordained people who he knew that their line of thinking was more similar to the "Sunday School movement." This is the first thing. Secondly, most Bishops whom he ordained were his children, or became his children, and felt a deep sense of duty/fidelity to him, not wanting to upset/diagree with him. So yes, Pope Shenouda's synod was clearly a magesterium, and as the head of the magesterium, he had control over the synod.
And I also agree that general bishops should not be given a vote in the synod. Who are they representing? Themselves? Scripture and tradition in the Orthodox church have always grown out of community. But where is the community in Anba Labomba who takes care of the Pope's limousine having a vote in the synod? He represents no-one. If he does represent a group of people, why not just give him the diocese?
This is of course, my opinion.
Qawe, I think your statement is your opinion. But if you think it is fact then the burden of proof is on you to verify its veracity. Do you have any actual evidence that no general bishop would ever or has ever disagreed and voted against the Pope? Do you have any actual evidence that no diocese bishops has ever consistently voted with the pope simply because they did not want to disagree with the pope? You might be correct about general bishops. But we should avoid generalization without actual evidence.
I agree with you that realistically, no one will publicly disagree and fight against the Pope. However, the Synod is neither setup as a pure democracy, nor a a tyrannical monarchal aristocracy. In a democracy, theoretically each person has equal weight in a vote and they are always free to express their views. A monarchal aristocracy, on the other hand, cares nothing for individual freedom. There is no voting in a monarchy. If it was, what's the point of voting at all? The same is true for the Synod. What is the point of voting, if all the bishops were not encouraged to express their views and opinions in ecclesiastical matters through their vote?
(you do what your boss tells you).
I own a business. I am the boss in my office. I can tell you for sure, I would fire an employee who is just a "yes man" and hire someone who has the confidence and courage to keep me inline for the wellness of the business. Any boss will tell you, unless you work in a crappy job that requires no thinking, no good business just wants to mindless employees. They want people who can increase production. They want a person who takes initiative, thinks for themselves and finds solutions (even if it is not what the boss normally expects).
It is unheard of until now for a bishop to have a boss.
Is it unheard of that a bishop is part of a hierarchal system where he is equal among brothers yet all are servants to Christ? Has not Christ been the boss (called Master in liturgical and scriptural language) of all the bishops all along?
Effective leadership brings many moving parts inline to one direction. The moving parts choose not to challenge their leader in every decision if there is positive results. The only ones who question a leader or a leader's system, are (1) those outside the system and (2) those who see negative results or failure. Are we outside the Synod's system or jurisdiction? Is the Synod failing in their job to shepherd Christ's people? Then why do we really care how general bishops vote?
Thank you Remnkemi for your non-polemical reply (not that I expected a polemical reply from you.
However, the Synod is neither setup as a pure democracy, nor a a tyrannical monarchal aristocracy. In a democracy, theoretically each person has equal weight in a vote and they are always free to express their views.
Why should every bishop not have equal weight in a vote? Are they not equal?
What is the point of voting, if all the bishops were not encouraged to express their views and opinions in ecclesiastical matters through their vote?
As a vestige of the past, when bishops were encouraged to express their views and opinions. There is no point in voting if there is a monarchal papacy.
Of course Christ is the head of the church including the bishops. That is what I am arguing for, against what has happened in that we have moved towards the Roman Catholic model where the Pope is the Head of the Church, being Christ's representative on Earth.
You mention 'equal among brothers'. How are they equal if a general bishop cannot ordain priests?
While the Pope is the leader, insofar as he is the chair of the Synod, he is not the decision maker, as is suggested in the bolded part of your post. As first among equals, his position is analogous to that of the See of Rome in the early Church. Thus, he is not their leader in the context of making decisions, such that an opposing opinion should be deemed a 'challenge'.
You are a lot more thoughtful and philosophical than me, so it is possible that I may have misunderstood some of your points. If so, please forgive me.
Qawe, sorry for the late response. Let's discuss this more.
Theoretically, every bishop or every citizen of a governing body should have an equal vote. But no actual democratic system is setup this way. Why? Problems arise. Look at the US presidential process. Every American citizen over 18 is allowed to vote. But the President is not elected by popular votes. He is elected by the electoral college - who legally can vote against their respective popular vote. It has happened about 150 times in the past for many reasons. If the President was elected by popular vote only, a large state with many territories but few people will be counted as a small state with many people. So the founding fathers choose to construct a system whereby each state is represented by an electoral college, regardless of territory. This system makes some states more influential than others. Are not all states equal to the federal government? Yes, in honor but not in particular situations where blind equality would cause problems.
I think the Synod has established a similar hierarchical system. All bishops are equal in honor but not in duties. The general bishop system was assumingly setup to avoid certain problems. Regardless of how fair or untraditional this general bishop system is, it is the system in place. It is still a "democratic" theocratic system (better than a lot of other systems out there). I understand many feel the system will inevitably transform into a theocratic electoral college like the Roman Catholic Church. Probably not. But even if it were to become reality, what is the harm if the system works? What is the harm if changing our system brings better results? If the Synod allows these changes, it must be for a good reason. I would go so far and say unless these changes result in heresy (which by definition is a failed system) it is the Holy Spirit who wants the changes.
This is assuming there is a monarchical system in place. During the nomination process, Bishop Paula interviewed then Bishop Tawadros and specifically wanted him to comment on this misconception. Pope Tawadros' response was along the lines of "There is no competition. There is no 'my way or the highway.' The Pope is servant before he is master." (I'm paraphrasing a few interviews).
Sometimes bishops who discuss their dissatisfaction on certain matters will address it privately with the patriarch. If an amicable solution is not achieved in private, I think any bishop would vote against the majority if this said bishop had valid concerns (ie, pertaining to the specific issue of the vote). I think any bishop is encouraged to express his concerns. I think the majority of issues are resolved privately and when a vote is required in the synod, there is usually no disagreement. I may be naive, but I think this is what has routinely happened in the past.
When Christ chose His disciples, he gave them all equal authority to loose and bind people's sin. There's the equality. However, Christ didn't let all 12 disciples lean on His chest. He gave all His disciples the power to see signs and wonders along with all the people, yet He chose three to see Him transfigured into light. There are so many examples of "preceived favoritism" which isn't favoritism at all. It's a foreshadowing of a hierarchical system of duties and glories. In 1 Corinthians 15, St Paul further stresses this "unity with distinction" in glory and duties. "All flesh is not the same flesh [distinction], but there is one kind of flesh of men [unity], another flesh of animals, another of fish, and another of birds. There are also celestial bodies and terrestrial bodies [unity]; but the glory of the celestial is one [distinction], and the glory of the terrestrial is another [distinction]." There is unity and distinction. Both celestial bodies and terrestrial bodies are both created bodies. But there is distinct glory for each. There is distinction because the role of each is needed in God's divine providence. This is what St Paul meant when he said, "However, the spiritual is not first, but the natural, and afterward the spiritual." Again, a hierarchical system (in this case, a chronological hierarchy) is setup with a purpose. What is that purpose in this case? "As we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly Man." The prior duty of earthly life is to lead to death which leads to spiritual eternal life. There is a distinction in duties.
Does this mean we are moving to a system where the Pope is the head of the Church? No. It will never happen in the Orthodox Church. But we should not discourage a system of solidarity with distinction because it is biblical and traditional.
I didn't use the proper words to express my thoughts. My comments were not meant to imply the leader has exclusive decision making authority. Actually, the opposite is implied. Let me put it this way. Leadership by definition is a process where decisions are catalyzed into positive change and improvements. The leader brings about change. His authority as a leader, depending on the hierarchical system again, may or may not involve exclusive or absolute decision making. Most leaders, at least for corporations, simply propose an idea and the board of directors has the final authority for the decision. This leader may not even be part of the board but he is the catalyst that brings about the change. What I meant to focus on was effective leadership. If that leader is really, really effective the board will choose not to challenge the requested change. That doesn't mean the board relinquished decision making authority. It doesn't mean that a challenge to the proposed plan is seen as a challenge to authority. It doesn't mean that any opposing opinion is a challenge to the leader. It simply means the board of directors is so attuned with the leader that they always agree.
The bolded section excluded the first part of the sentence that confirms this line of thought: "The moving parts choose not to challenge". It doesn't mean the moving parts have lost their authority or that any opposition challenges the validity of the leader. The leader will always be the leader if he is effective in bringing positive improvements.
I am the least of all of you. I come here to learn from all of you. There is no need to apologize for constructive criticism and open discussion.
My prayers are for our church and leadership that it continues in peace delivering us to Christ through the Holy Spirit.

lowercased:
why is the coptic pope based in cairo and not alexandria?
shouldn't the coptic pope be based in alexandria, seeing as we call the his holiness the pope of "alexandria"? and the coptic church is called the church of "alexandria"? i know there exists the historical cathedral of st. mark in alexandria but why is the pope based in the cathedral in cairo?
why and when did this change occur?
the change as made when cairo became the capital of egypt. as for when was it done, i'll leave that to someone else to find.
cairo was built in second half of the 10th century, by the fatimite khalif el-muez ledin allah (later baptized in the monastery of abu seifen after the mukatam miracle).
it was built in place of existing "cities" like el-fustat and el-kata'3, which were more of camping sites of the islamic armies and the residence place of the arab rulers, and had been the center of political power since the arab invasion.
cairo became the capital of the fatimite state in north africa and the levant and as such of increasing political importance, which led the 70th pope gabriel ii (known as ibn turek) to officially annex cairo to alexandria under his jurisdiction in his papacy (1131 -1145 a.d.). pope gabriel ii annexed cairo after the death of her bishop, youaness ibn senhout.
there are indications that pope gabriel ii was not the first pope to try to move to cairo, but he was the first successful pope in his attempt.
the residence of all subsequent popes has been a church in cairo.
interestingly enough, the famous theologian and bishop boulous el-boushy in the 13th century, is sometimes referred to as bishop of cairo (egypt) or babylon (the ancient fortress near cairo). it is not known whether babylon was considered outside the geographic limits of diocese of cairo, but is not likely. it is equally unlikely that pope kyrillos iii would give up any territory to another bishop, even if it his close friend.
the same is with patriarch of serbia.
in middle ages his see was town of pec but when the turks invaded serbia after several centuries the see was moved. and that happend two times.
now serbian patriarch in his title has that he is archbishop of pec, but he resides 500km north, in belgrade.
several dioceses of serbian church also in their name has one see, but bishop resides in another.
i believe the pope is stretched too thin. covering cairo, alexandria, all the areas in the states without a diocesan bishop seems to be too much. it would seem very difficult if not impossible to provide effective oversight with such a wide span of control.
but the pope is not alone. in the us, he has a patriarchal exarch for north america through bishop david, a patriarchal exarch for the eritreans in the us through bishop macarius, a suffragan diocese of virgina through bishop michael, and 2 diocese with their respective bishops. he also has general bishops doing work in the us.
in cairo, there are 12 general bishops who are either suffragan bishops or assistants to the patriarchal throne in cairo. he also has a patriarchal vicar in cairo through hegumen sergios sergios.
"stretched too thin" is a very subjective quality. what exactly is too thin? are 5 bishops in the us not enough that pope tawadros is doing the work himself? praise god who sent us a shepherd with such vigor and enthusiasm and heart. may god give our pope the strength to do his will always, regardless of where the pope resides.
complex issues and decisions have still required the involvement of the pope in some of the areas that you mention that are technically in the pope's diocese but overseen by bishops.
sometimes the bishops may even defer the issue entirely to the pope and ask the church in question to take the issue up with the pope directly. in the meantime the bishops may avoid visiting or contacting the church in question to avoid getting involved in a situation they feel should only be addressed by the pope.
here is where situations can deteriorate. by the time a church is able to actually contact and communicate with the pope, months if not years usually pass and situations can spiral out of control. a simple issue that could have been resolved with early intervention can be disastrous if left to fester. and this has happened more than once.
hg bishop youssef and i believe hg bishop serapion visit each church in their diocese at least twice a year if not more and are in constant contact with priests and congregation. they are able to keep tabs on the churches in their diocese. they also have the authority to address issues and make decisions complex or otherwise. i am not so sure the churches in the areas you mention benefit from the same type of regular oversight and ability to sucessfully resolve problems swiftly.
hh pope tawadros has shown wisdom in his managerial style and i am confident he will structure church leadership in a way that is most effective - not necessarily the way it was in the past. just as hh pope shenouda showed wisdom in assigning diocesan bishops such as bishop serapion and bishop youssef, i am sure hh pope tawadros will continue to structure leadership effectively.
i think people's issue is that these bishops are all general bishops, and so the pope is the ultimate diocesan bishop. since these general bishops cannot ordain their own priests and thus have their authority derived from the pope, this effectively gives the pope control over them, giving him control of the holy synod (he can count on the votes of the general bishops under his control), and thus moving towards a roman catholic monarchal model of the papacy. in ancient times, the bishop of alexandria was first among equals in egypt, and still only had one vote in the synod. now he effectively has the votes of 30 general bishops plus himself.
note: this is not personal, i am not saying that pope tawadros, or any other previous popes were wrong, i'm just saying that the principle is wrong.
you are right, but it is clear that this will be the hierarchy model for the foreseen future of the coptic church.
i have to ask...what would those 'votes' of the general bishops count towards?! ya3ny isn't each of them still have their own voice and authority as a bishop in the holy synod. if each diocese only have one bishop vote int he holy synod....what about the dioceses that are being broken up more and more through the years as the congregation increases.....is that 'vote' broken up into little parts to?!
theoretically the general bishops have their own vote of course, but realistically and practically they are not going to go against the pope, as he is their boss (you do what your boss tells you). it is unheard of until now for a bishop to have a boss.
i don't get the second part of your statement. if dioceses are being broken up, it means that more diocesan bishops are being ordained, and i can see no reason why a full diocesan bishop shouldn't have a vote.
so it's not that a bishop has a vote, it's a diocese bishop.....kool!!!
actually, in regards to the magisterial model of the catholic church, i actually heard metropolitan pachomious actually say that our church legislation was governed by the magesterium! i was extremely upset that because of the model of leadership which we have experienced, even the teaching of the church fathers has changed to a western ideology.
i see exactly what you are saying but i think it will be different with hh pope tawadros. you see, pope shenouda ordained myriads of bishops, in some cases general bishops and in some cases he split up other dioceses. he typically ordained people who he knew that their line of thinking was more similar to the "sunday school movement." this is the first thing. secondly, most bishops whom he ordained were his children, or became his children, and felt a deep sense of duty/fidelity to him, not wanting to upset/diagree with him. so yes, pope shenouda's synod was clearly a magesterium, and as the head of the magesterium, he had control over the synod.
and i also agree that general bishops should not be given a vote in the synod. who are they representing? themselves? scripture and tradition in the orthodox church have always grown out of community. but where is the community in anba labomba who takes care of the pope's limousine having a vote in the synod? he represents no-one. if he does represent a group of people, why not just give him the diocese?
this is of course, my opinion.
qawe, i think your statement is your opinion. but if you think it is fact then the burden of proof is on you to verify its veracity. do you have any actual evidence that no general bishop would ever or has ever disagreed and voted against the pope? do you have any actual evidence that no diocese bishops has ever consistently voted with the pope simply because they did not want to disagree with the pope? you might be correct about general bishops. but we should avoid generalization without actual evidence.
i agree with you that realistically, no one will publicly disagree and fight against the pope. however, the synod is neither setup as a pure democracy, nor a a tyrannical monarchal aristocracy. in a democracy, theoretically each person has equal weight in a vote and they are always free to express their views. a monarchal aristocracy, on the other hand, cares nothing for individual freedom. there is no voting in a monarchy. if it was, what's the point of voting at all? the same is true for the synod. what is the point of voting, if all the bishops were not encouraged to express their views and opinions in ecclesiastical matters through their vote?
(you do what your boss tells you).
i own a business. i am the boss in my office. i can tell you for sure, i would fire an employee who is just a "yes man" and hire someone who has the confidence and courage to keep me inline for the wellness of the business. any boss will tell you, unless you work in a crappy job that requires no thinking, no good business just wants to mindless employees. they want people who can increase production. they want a person who takes initiative, thinks for themselves and finds solutions (even if it is not what the boss normally expects).
it is unheard of until now for a bishop to have a boss.
is it unheard of that a bishop is part of a hierarchal system where he is equal among brothers yet all are servants to christ? has not christ been the boss (called master in liturgical and scriptural language) of all the bishops all along?
effective leadership brings many moving parts inline to one direction. the moving parts choose not to challenge their leader in every decision if there is positive results. the only ones who question a leader or a leader's system, are (1) those outside the system and (2) those who see negative results or failure. are we outside the synod's system or jurisdiction? is the synod failing in their job to shepherd christ's people? then why do we really care how general bishops vote?
thank you remnkemi for your non-polemical reply (not that i expected a polemical reply from you.
however, the synod is neither setup as a pure democracy, nor a a tyrannical monarchal aristocracy. in a democracy, theoretically each person has equal weight in a vote and they are always free to express their views.
why should every bishop not have equal weight in a vote? are they not equal?
what is the point of voting, if all the bishops were not encouraged to express their views and opinions in ecclesiastical matters through their vote?
as a vestige of the past, when bishops were encouraged to express their views and opinions. there is no point in voting if there is a monarchal papacy.
of course christ is the head of the church including the bishops. that is what i am arguing for, against what has happened in that we have moved towards the roman catholic model where the pope is the head of the church, being christ's representative on earth.
you mention 'equal among brothers'. how are they equal if a general bishop cannot ordain priests?
while the pope is the leader, insofar as he is the chair of the synod, he is not the decision maker, as is suggested in the bolded part of your post. as first among equals, his position is analogous to that of the see of rome in the early church. thus, he is not their leader in the context of making decisions, such that an opposing opinion should be deemed a 'challenge'.
you are a lot more thoughtful and philosophical than me, so it is possible that i may have misunderstood some of your points. if so, please forgive me.
qawe, sorry for the late response. let's discuss this more.
theoretically, every bishop or every citizen of a governing body should have an equal vote. but no actual democratic system is setup this way. why? problems arise. look at the us presidential process. every american citizen over 18 is allowed to vote. but the president is not elected by popular votes. he is elected by the electoral college - who legally can vote against their respective popular vote. it has happened about 150 times in the past for many reasons. if the president was elected by popular vote only, a large state with many territories but few people will be counted as a small state with many people. so the founding fathers choose to construct a system whereby each state is represented by an electoral college, regardless of territory. this system makes some states more influential than others. are not all states equal to the federal government? yes, in honor but not in particular situations where blind equality would cause problems.
i think the synod has established a similar hierarchical system. all bishops are equal in honor but not in duties. the general bishop system was assumingly setup to avoid certain problems. regardless of how fair or untraditional this general bishop system is, it is the system in place. it is still a "democratic" theocratic system (better than a lot of other systems out there). i understand many feel the system will inevitably transform into a theocratic electoral college like the roman catholic church. probably not. but even if it were to become reality, what is the harm if the system works? what is the harm if changing our system brings better results? if the synod allows these changes, it must be for a good reason. i would go so far and say unless these changes result in heresy (which by definition is a failed system) it is the holy spirit who wants the changes.
this is assuming there is a monarchical system in place. during the nomination process, bishop paula interviewed then bishop tawadros and specifically wanted him to comment on this misconception. pope tawadros' response was along the lines of "there is no competition. there is no 'my way or the highway.' the pope is servant before he is master." (i'm paraphrasing a few interviews).
sometimes bishops who discuss their dissatisfaction on certain matters will address it privately with the patriarch. if an amicable solution is not achieved in private, i think any bishop would vote against the majority if this said bishop had valid concerns (ie, pertaining to the specific issue of the vote). i think any bishop is encouraged to express his concerns. i think the majority of issues are resolved privately and when a vote is required in the synod, there is usually no disagreement. i may be naive, but i think this is what has routinely happened in the past.
when christ chose his disciples, he gave them all equal authority to loose and bind people's sin. there's the equality. however, christ didn't let all 12 disciples lean on his chest. he gave all his disciples the power to see signs and wonders along with all the people, yet he chose three to see him transfigured into light. there are so many examples of "preceived favoritism" which isn't favoritism at all. it's a foreshadowing of a hierarchical system of duties and glories. in 1 corinthians 15, st paul further stresses this "unity with distinction" in glory and duties. "all flesh is not the same flesh [distinction], but there is one kind of flesh of men [unity], another flesh of animals, another of fish, and another of birds. there are also celestial bodies and terrestrial bodies [unity]; but the glory of the celestial is one [distinction], and the glory of the terrestrial is another [distinction]." there is unity and distinction. both celestial bodies and terrestrial bodies are both created bodies. but there is distinct glory for each. there is distinction because the role of each is needed in god's divine providence. this is what st paul meant when he said, "however, the spiritual is not first, but the natural, and afterward the spiritual." again, a hierarchical system (in this case, a chronological hierarchy) is setup with a purpose. what is that purpose in this case? "as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly man." the prior duty of earthly life is to lead to death which leads to spiritual eternal life. there is a distinction in duties.
does this mean we are moving to a system where the pope is the head of the church? no. it will never happen in the orthodox church. but we should not discourage a system of solidarity with distinction because it is biblical and traditional.
i didn't use the proper words to express my thoughts. my comments were not meant to imply the leader has exclusive decision making authority. actually, the opposite is implied. let me put it this way. leadership by definition is a process where decisions are catalyzed into positive change and improvements. the leader brings about change. his authority as a leader, depending on the hierarchical system again, may or may not involve exclusive or absolute decision making. most leaders, at least for corporations, simply propose an idea and the board of directors has the final authority for the decision. this leader may not even be part of the board but he is the catalyst that brings about the change. what i meant to focus on was effective leadership. if that leader is really, really effective the board will choose not to challenge the requested change. that doesn't mean the board relinquished decision making authority. it doesn't mean that a challenge to the proposed plan is seen as a challenge to authority. it doesn't mean that any opposing opinion is a challenge to the leader. it simply means the board of directors is so attuned with the leader that they always agree.
the bolded section excluded the first part of the sentence that confirms this line of thought: "the moving parts choose not to challenge". it doesn't mean the moving parts have lost their authority or that any opposition challenges the validity of the leader. the leader will always be the leader if he is effective in bringing positive improvements.
i am the least of all of you. i come here to learn from all of you. there is no need to apologize for constructive criticism and open discussion.
my prayers are for our church and leadership that it continues in peace delivering us to christ through the holy spirit.


text:
The Movement for Democratic Change today called on Finance Minister Mthuli Ncube to resign for implementing a tax regime which it said was totalitarian, draconian and fascist.
Ncube announced a two cents per dollar transaction tax on 1 October but it was only gazetted yesterday and came into effect today.
The tax, which is aimed at largely roping in the informal sector, is for transactions of $10 and above but there is a cap of $10 000 for transaction of above $500 000.
The tax was strongly opposed by the nation but President Emmerson Mnangagwa stood behind his Finance Minister.
Prices rocketed, fuel ran out and the exchange rate ran amok.
Exchange rates, however, started falling when Afreximbank guaranteed the exchange rate of the bond note at par with the United States dollar and the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries changed its mind to welcome the tax yesterday and exchange.
The MDC, however, said the statutory instrument that Ncube used to regularise the tax was unconstitutional in two ways.
“Firstly Parliament’s primary law making power cannot be delegated and secondly a statutory instrument cannot repeal an act of parliament neither can it be in opposition of an enabling act,” the MDC said.
“Fundamentally, the creation of a robber state which pick pockets the poor is an evil of the highest order.
“Forcing the suffering masses living in abject poverty to fund lives of the political elites who are the sole reason of economic decay is unbelievable.
That Mthuli resigns forthwith for causing economic chaos.
The new taxes must be reversed unconditionally.
Supply side solutions be employed – that is the sane way to expand fiscal leg room.
National dialogue be initiated in line with President Chamisa’s 5 point plan.
An Emergency Economic Recovery program must be adopted and stop the unpalatable suffering of the Zimbabwean people.
Let the sleeping dogs (MDC) lie!!!

lowercased:
the movement for democratic change today called on finance minister mthuli ncube to resign for implementing a tax regime which it said was totalitarian, draconian and fascist.
ncube announced a two cents per dollar transaction tax on 1 october but it was only gazetted yesterday and came into effect today.
the tax, which is aimed at largely roping in the informal sector, is for transactions of $10 and above but there is a cap of $10 000 for transaction of above $500 000.
the tax was strongly opposed by the nation but president emmerson mnangagwa stood behind his finance minister.
prices rocketed, fuel ran out and the exchange rate ran amok.
exchange rates, however, started falling when afreximbank guaranteed the exchange rate of the bond note at par with the united states dollar and the confederation of zimbabwe industries changed its mind to welcome the tax yesterday and exchange.
the mdc, however, said the statutory instrument that ncube used to regularise the tax was unconstitutional in two ways.
“firstly parliament’s primary law making power cannot be delegated and secondly a statutory instrument cannot repeal an act of parliament neither can it be in opposition of an enabling act,” the mdc said.
“fundamentally, the creation of a robber state which pick pockets the poor is an evil of the highest order.
“forcing the suffering masses living in abject poverty to fund lives of the political elites who are the sole reason of economic decay is unbelievable.
that mthuli resigns forthwith for causing economic chaos.
the new taxes must be reversed unconditionally.
supply side solutions be employed – that is the sane way to expand fiscal leg room.
national dialogue be initiated in line with president chamisa’s 5 point plan.
an emergency economic recovery program must be adopted and stop the unpalatable suffering of the zimbabwean people.
let the sleeping dogs (mdc) lie!!!


text: Christine Searle, owner of Searle Business Solutions, LLC, is a financial control expert with more than 30 years of experience helping businesses and non-profits understand and get control over their finances and taxes. She provides tax preparation and planning services and financial process consulting. Christine is a Certified Internal Auditor, Certified in Risk Management Assurance, and an Enrolled Agent. She also volunteers with and supports several Arlington-based social safety net nonprofits.

lowercased: christine searle, owner of searle business solutions, llc, is a financial control expert with more than 30 years of experience helping businesses and non-profits understand and get control over their finances and taxes. she provides tax preparation and planning services and financial process consulting. christine is a certified internal auditor, certified in risk management assurance, and an enrolled agent. she also volunteers with and supports several arlington-based social safety net nonprofits.


text:
15-Year-Old Gunman Charged With First Degree Attempted Murder In Maryland First Day Of School Shooting!
15-year-old Bobby Gladden brought a bottle of vodka with him on his first day of school this year. He also brought a disassembled shotgun and 21 rounds of ammo.
If you haven’t heard already, Gladden is the teen being held responsible for the school shooting near Baltimore Monday that left a classmate fighting for his life.
Police have charged Robert Wayne Gladden Jr., 15, with attempted first-degree murder and assault in connection with Monday’s shooting at Perry Hall High School in Baltimore County.
Gladden has been charged as an adult, police said. He is being held without bail at the Baltimore County Detention Center. Police will hold a news conference Tuesday morning to discuss the case.
Daniel Borowy was shot in his back shortly before 11 a.m. in the school’s cafeteria, court documents said. Eyewitnesses described hearing a sound like a bag of chips popping before realizing that someone was shooting.
Bowery, 17, remains in critical condition.
With heightened security and trauma counselors on hand, Perry Hall restarted its school year Tuesday, the day after a student shot in the cafeteria was left in critical condition and another student was taken into custody as the suspected gunman.
The shooting took place on the first day of classes Monday as several hundred students were in the cafeteria, where the sound of gunfire initially seemed like just another piece of the aural landscape.
Instead, it was gunfire, striking Bowery, who was airlifted to Maryland Shock Trauma Center as classmates and strangers offered prayers for him at impromptu gatherings and across social media. Police said they do not believe the victim was targeted by the shooter.
Witnesses said a school counselor quickly grabbed the shooter and pinned him up against a vending machine. The suspect was taken into custody shortly after the shooting.
Students described a day that suddenly turned chaotic during an early lunch break in the cafeteria of the school, the county’s largest with nearly 2,200 students. Rather than the festive atmosphere of a school community returning after summer break, police helicopters whirred overhead, students dove under cafeteria tables and, as the news spread quickly, distraught parents tried to reach their children, in person or by phone or text message.
Throughout the day, a sense of disbelief pervaded.
Jeremy Knavel, 16, said he couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw a student emerge from a bathroom Monday morning, taking a gun out from under his shirt.
Sophomore Nick DiPaula, 15, said he and a friend were talking in the cafeteria when they heard a loud bang and turned to see what it was.
“We just see him with the gun, and he’s aiming it at my table,” DiPaula said.
A school counselor he identified as Jesse Wasmer ran over and tackled the gunman as he and other students hit the floor and another teacher started yelling, “Get out of the building, get out of the building!” DiPaula said.
Wasmer was hailed as a hero by colleagues and across the Internet, where a “Thanks Mr. Wasmer” Facebook page was created. He could not be reached to comment, and school officials declined to discuss details of the incident.
The actions of Wasmer and other teachers in the cafeteria who intervened “were really beyond what anyone can be expected to do,” and “made that situation the best it could have been in such a horrible time,” said Matt Smoot, a science teacher in his fifth year at the school.
Dance said Perry Hall High would be open Tuesday with additional security at the school. The Police Department’s Critical Incident Stress Debriefing team will provide support for students and faculty, Armacost said.
Junior Ryan Brady, 15, said he was several feet away from the shooting victim and saw blood on his shirt. As the counselor was tackling the shooter, his gun went off again, the bullet hitting the ceiling, said Brady, who got under a table to hide.
Police officers were already at the school, standard procedure for the first day of classes. County Executive Kevin Kamenetz said police and school officials responded in “terrific fashion” to the shooting.
Students were escorted to the nearby Perry Hall Shopping Center at the corner of Ebenezer and Belair roads, where parents were instructed to meet them, police said. Hundreds of visibly shaken parents and others gathered at the shopping center as police helicopters hovered overhead.
Thank God that guidance counselor moved so quickly!
* He goes by the nickname SuicidalSmile on Facebook.
* Many of his profile pictures show Gladden taking photos of himself while his long hair covers his face. Gladden also claims to like musicians Marilyn Manson and Slipknot and references notorious mass murderer Charles Manson.
* Gladden’s Facebook page first caused concern yesterday when parents of students at the school noticed Gladden’s last status update read “First day of school, last day of my life. t(~_~t), fu*k the world.” .
* Gladden’s classmates confirmed Tuesday to The Associated Press that the page belonged to the suspected gunman.
* Police told The Associated Press that Gladden came to school armed with a disassembled shotgun and 21 rounds of ammunition. He also reportedly had a bottle of vodka.
* Gladden’s father confirmed his son had been bullied prior to the shooting. However, police have not officially released a motive.
* However, a student identified by the name -dazzleme- said Gladden “isn’t a psycho, or a monster or anything that you may think he is,” adding Gladden didn’t mean to shoot Borowy. “I know Bobby and he isn’t the type of kid to just go and randomly shoot people. He’s the kid that makes you laugh. He was bullied often and I believe that he just could not take it anymore,” -dazzleme- wrote on the Tumblr feed.
Sad, the kid sounds deeply troubled. Our prayers are with Daniel Borowy and his family. We pray he will fully recover.

lowercased:
15-year-old gunman charged with first degree attempted murder in maryland first day of school shooting!
15-year-old bobby gladden brought a bottle of vodka with him on his first day of school this year. he also brought a disassembled shotgun and 21 rounds of ammo.
if you haven’t heard already, gladden is the teen being held responsible for the school shooting near baltimore monday that left a classmate fighting for his life.
police have charged robert wayne gladden jr., 15, with attempted first-degree murder and assault in connection with monday’s shooting at perry hall high school in baltimore county.
gladden has been charged as an adult, police said. he is being held without bail at the baltimore county detention center. police will hold a news conference tuesday morning to discuss the case.
daniel borowy was shot in his back shortly before 11 a.m. in the school’s cafeteria, court documents said. eyewitnesses described hearing a sound like a bag of chips popping before realizing that someone was shooting.
bowery, 17, remains in critical condition.
with heightened security and trauma counselors on hand, perry hall restarted its school year tuesday, the day after a student shot in the cafeteria was left in critical condition and another student was taken into custody as the suspected gunman.
the shooting took place on the first day of classes monday as several hundred students were in the cafeteria, where the sound of gunfire initially seemed like just another piece of the aural landscape.
instead, it was gunfire, striking bowery, who was airlifted to maryland shock trauma center as classmates and strangers offered prayers for him at impromptu gatherings and across social media. police said they do not believe the victim was targeted by the shooter.
witnesses said a school counselor quickly grabbed the shooter and pinned him up against a vending machine. the suspect was taken into custody shortly after the shooting.
students described a day that suddenly turned chaotic during an early lunch break in the cafeteria of the school, the county’s largest with nearly 2,200 students. rather than the festive atmosphere of a school community returning after summer break, police helicopters whirred overhead, students dove under cafeteria tables and, as the news spread quickly, distraught parents tried to reach their children, in person or by phone or text message.
throughout the day, a sense of disbelief pervaded.
jeremy knavel, 16, said he couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw a student emerge from a bathroom monday morning, taking a gun out from under his shirt.
sophomore nick dipaula, 15, said he and a friend were talking in the cafeteria when they heard a loud bang and turned to see what it was.
“we just see him with the gun, and he’s aiming it at my table,” dipaula said.
a school counselor he identified as jesse wasmer ran over and tackled the gunman as he and other students hit the floor and another teacher started yelling, “get out of the building, get out of the building!” dipaula said.
wasmer was hailed as a hero by colleagues and across the internet, where a “thanks mr. wasmer” facebook page was created. he could not be reached to comment, and school officials declined to discuss details of the incident.
the actions of wasmer and other teachers in the cafeteria who intervened “were really beyond what anyone can be expected to do,” and “made that situation the best it could have been in such a horrible time,” said matt smoot, a science teacher in his fifth year at the school.
dance said perry hall high would be open tuesday with additional security at the school. the police department’s critical incident stress debriefing team will provide support for students and faculty, armacost said.
junior ryan brady, 15, said he was several feet away from the shooting victim and saw blood on his shirt. as the counselor was tackling the shooter, his gun went off again, the bullet hitting the ceiling, said brady, who got under a table to hide.
police officers were already at the school, standard procedure for the first day of classes. county executive kevin kamenetz said police and school officials responded in “terrific fashion” to the shooting.
students were escorted to the nearby perry hall shopping center at the corner of ebenezer and belair roads, where parents were instructed to meet them, police said. hundreds of visibly shaken parents and others gathered at the shopping center as police helicopters hovered overhead.
thank god that guidance counselor moved so quickly!
* he goes by the nickname suicidalsmile on facebook.
* many of his profile pictures show gladden taking photos of himself while his long hair covers his face. gladden also claims to like musicians marilyn manson and slipknot and references notorious mass murderer charles manson.
* gladden’s facebook page first caused concern yesterday when parents of students at the school noticed gladden’s last status update read “first day of school, last day of my life. t(~_~t), fu*k the world.” .
* gladden’s classmates confirmed tuesday to the associated press that the page belonged to the suspected gunman.
* police told the associated press that gladden came to school armed with a disassembled shotgun and 21 rounds of ammunition. he also reportedly had a bottle of vodka.
* gladden’s father confirmed his son had been bullied prior to the shooting. however, police have not officially released a motive.
* however, a student identified by the name -dazzleme- said gladden “isn’t a psycho, or a monster or anything that you may think he is,” adding gladden didn’t mean to shoot borowy. “i know bobby and he isn’t the type of kid to just go and randomly shoot people. he’s the kid that makes you laugh. he was bullied often and i believe that he just could not take it anymore,” -dazzleme- wrote on the tumblr feed.
sad, the kid sounds deeply troubled. our prayers are with daniel borowy and his family. we pray he will fully recover.


text:
Scroll down possibility with nice effect.
We recommend this version for each website related with beauty, ex. beauty parlor, surgery clinic or cosmetic shop.

lowercased:
scroll down possibility with nice effect.
we recommend this version for each website related with beauty, ex. beauty parlor, surgery clinic or cosmetic shop.


text: **FINANCE AVAILABLE** This car will come fully serviced by our award winning workshop, fully valeted & with a comprehensive warranty. Call Monaghans on 091-751919 for more information on this Jetta. Trade in price €17995.

lowercased: **finance available** this car will come fully serviced by our award winning workshop, fully valeted & with a comprehensive warranty. call monaghans on 091-751919 for more information on this jetta. trade in price €17995.


text:
FASTCOM Technology SA has entered into the ASAP program (Alliance for Solution and Application Providers) of Thales.
The MCAS solution of FASTCOM is a LAS (Licensing Authorities Solution) for set-top boxes used by major PayTV operator.
Leveraging Thales HSMs to implement industry standards, the MCAS solution provides PayTV operators with the flexibility to have multiple CAS/DRM on their Set-top boxes and the ability to change, at desire, the applications, the middleware and the security CAS/DRM solutions running on the STBs already in the field.
Thales is a leading company in providing HSMs, Key Management, Network Encryption and other data security solutions that deliver operational efficiency.
FASTCOM Technology SA, a leading company in LAS for Set-top boxes, has entered into a strategic partnership with Thales e-security through the Alliance for Solution and Application Providers (ASAP) program. FASTCOM has been using the Thales HSM solution for its MCAS solution for ensuring the security of the data.
FASTCOM’s MCAS is an integrated licensing authority solution that enables payTV operators to independently choose the application, middleware, and security solution running on set-top boxes (STBs). Updates and changes are possible at any time for a minimum cost. The MCAS relies on the industry standards ETSI TS 103 162, K-LAD-2010 and SCTE 201-2013, and does not use proprietary technology. FASTCOM’s products are subject to strict Swiss privacy laws, which provide additional protection to its customers. MCAS is used successfully by major payTV operators.
The MCAS solution uses Thales nShield hardware security modules (HSMs) to securely generate and manage the cryptographic keys embedded within the television receiver's chipset. Thales nShield HSMs provide a FIPS 140-2 Level 3 certified environment with strict dual supervision and control that establishes the foundation of trust for the licensing authority services.
FASTCOM is a leading company in providing solutions and consulting services for the PayTV industry. Based in Switzerland, FASTCOM is an independent company which is active worldwide for more than 15 years. For more information, please visit www.fastcom-technology.com.

lowercased:
fastcom technology sa has entered into the asap program (alliance for solution and application providers) of thales.
the mcas solution of fastcom is a las (licensing authorities solution) for set-top boxes used by major paytv operator.
leveraging thales hsms to implement industry standards, the mcas solution provides paytv operators with the flexibility to have multiple cas/drm on their set-top boxes and the ability to change, at desire, the applications, the middleware and the security cas/drm solutions running on the stbs already in the field.
thales is a leading company in providing hsms, key management, network encryption and other data security solutions that deliver operational efficiency.
fastcom technology sa, a leading company in las for set-top boxes, has entered into a strategic partnership with thales e-security through the alliance for solution and application providers (asap) program. fastcom has been using the thales hsm solution for its mcas solution for ensuring the security of the data.
fastcom’s mcas is an integrated licensing authority solution that enables paytv operators to independently choose the application, middleware, and security solution running on set-top boxes (stbs). updates and changes are possible at any time for a minimum cost. the mcas relies on the industry standards etsi ts 103 162, k-lad-2010 and scte 201-2013, and does not use proprietary technology. fastcom’s products are subject to strict swiss privacy laws, which provide additional protection to its customers. mcas is used successfully by major paytv operators.
the mcas solution uses thales nshield hardware security modules (hsms) to securely generate and manage the cryptographic keys embedded within the television receiver's chipset. thales nshield hsms provide a fips 140-2 level 3 certified environment with strict dual supervision and control that establishes the foundation of trust for the licensing authority services.
fastcom is a leading company in providing solutions and consulting services for the paytv industry. based in switzerland, fastcom is an independent company which is active worldwide for more than 15 years. for more information, please visit www.fastcom-technology.com.


text:
Only former Israeli President Shimon Peres could pull off something like organizing a friendly football (soccer) match between Israeli and Palestinian children just a week after the latest Gaza war.
And only the Palestinian Authority could be so callous as to condemn such a demonstration of peaceful coexistence.
The game organized by Peres wasn’t between just any groups of Israeli and Palestinian kids. The Israelis came from the rocket-battered town of Sderot, and the Palestinians from Hebron, near to where earlier this summer Hamas terrorists abducted and executed three Jewish teens.
The game marked the start of the current year of the “School of Football and Peace,” a campaign by the Peres Center for Peace that brings together dozens of Israeli and Palestinian children for sports and other extracurricular learning activities.
Israel’s “peace partners” in the Palestinian Authority, however, didn’t seem to feel the same.
“Any activity of normalization in sports with the Zionist enemy is a crime against humanity,” insisted Jibril Rajoub, a senior member of the ruling Fatah faction and head of the Palestinian Supreme Council for Sports and Youth Affairs.
In a post to his Facebook page (which was translated by Palestinian Media Watch), Rajoub said it was official policy to oppose and prevent joint sporting events between Israeli and Palestinian children.
A local Fatah spokesman vowed that the party would “settle the account with these reckless people,” meaning the coach and other organizers who had dared to let Palestinian children commit the heinous crime of playing soccer with Israeli Jews.

lowercased:
only former israeli president shimon peres could pull off something like organizing a friendly football (soccer) match between israeli and palestinian children just a week after the latest gaza war.
and only the palestinian authority could be so callous as to condemn such a demonstration of peaceful coexistence.
the game organized by peres wasn’t between just any groups of israeli and palestinian kids. the israelis came from the rocket-battered town of sderot, and the palestinians from hebron, near to where earlier this summer hamas terrorists abducted and executed three jewish teens.
the game marked the start of the current year of the “school of football and peace,” a campaign by the peres center for peace that brings together dozens of israeli and palestinian children for sports and other extracurricular learning activities.
israel’s “peace partners” in the palestinian authority, however, didn’t seem to feel the same.
“any activity of normalization in sports with the zionist enemy is a crime against humanity,” insisted jibril rajoub, a senior member of the ruling fatah faction and head of the palestinian supreme council for sports and youth affairs.
in a post to his facebook page (which was translated by palestinian media watch), rajoub said it was official policy to oppose and prevent joint sporting events between israeli and palestinian children.
a local fatah spokesman vowed that the party would “settle the account with these reckless people,” meaning the coach and other organizers who had dared to let palestinian children commit the heinous crime of playing soccer with israeli jews.


text:
Rofo researches and displays commercial real estate listings from top brokerage firms and landlords in Lake City, MI making it easier to find available commercial space and compare current asking rental rates. In Lake City, MI there are currently and 1 retail spaces with 2 real estate professionals to help you find the right space for you. Sizes range from 8,000 square feet and up. Filter your search below and get free advice from recommended brokers in Lake City, MI.
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Please describe your commercial real estate requirements in Lake City, MI. We'll create a list of matching properties that meet your criteria.

lowercased:
rofo researches and displays commercial real estate listings from top brokerage firms and landlords in lake city, mi making it easier to find available commercial space and compare current asking rental rates. in lake city, mi there are currently and 1 retail spaces with 2 real estate professionals to help you find the right space for you. sizes range from 8,000 square feet and up. filter your search below and get free advice from recommended brokers in lake city, mi.
1960 s morey rd is for lease in lake city, mi.
0 w sapphire is for lease in lake city, mi.
00 s. carolyn is for lease in lake city, mi.
00 w houghton lake road is for lease in lake city, mi.
1190 e johnson road is for lease in lake city, mi.
1554 birch haven drive is for lease in lake city, mi.
159 n park street is for lease in lake city, mi.
1785 s vandermeulen road is for lease in lake city, mi.
2114 w coombs rd is for lease in lake city, mi.
2980 s green road is for lease in lake city, mi.
319 s pine is for lease in lake city, mi.
3619 w beeler is for lease in lake city, mi.
3690 n lucas road is for lease in lake city, mi.
6204 larch is for lease in lake city, mi.
6551 woodridge is for lease in lake city, mi.
6577 w blue road is for lease in lake city, mi.
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please describe your commercial real estate requirements in lake city, mi. we'll create a list of matching properties that meet your criteria.


text:
Guadalupe, CA, July 23, 2003—A surprising 1,200 applications were handed out by Peoples' Self-Help Housing last week with more requests still coming in for Guadalupe's affordable housing, Riverview Townhomes.
"This is pretty overwhelming," said Roger Barr, of Peoples' Self-Help Housing's rental division. "It's about 3 times more than expected and it really shows the demand and interest in affordable housing in the Guadalupe area-and is also reflective of the need for more affordable housing on the Central Coast," Said Barr.
A lottery process will then determine the order of applications to be reviewed and qualified.
Peoples' Self-Help Housing distributed applications for 80 rental townhomes last weekend at the Riverview Townhomes in Guadalupe. The apartment complex will be completed in the fall, 2003, and the qualified residents will begin moving in at that point.
Wells Fargo is an important partner in this project as the construction lender and a financial sponsor.

lowercased:
guadalupe, ca, july 23, 2003—a surprising 1,200 applications were handed out by peoples' self-help housing last week with more requests still coming in for guadalupe's affordable housing, riverview townhomes.
"this is pretty overwhelming," said roger barr, of peoples' self-help housing's rental division. "it's about 3 times more than expected and it really shows the demand and interest in affordable housing in the guadalupe area-and is also reflective of the need for more affordable housing on the central coast," said barr.
a lottery process will then determine the order of applications to be reviewed and qualified.
peoples' self-help housing distributed applications for 80 rental townhomes last weekend at the riverview townhomes in guadalupe. the apartment complex will be completed in the fall, 2003, and the qualified residents will begin moving in at that point.
wells fargo is an important partner in this project as the construction lender and a financial sponsor.


text:
A Louisiana Taxotere hair loss lawsuit may be an option for chemotherapy patients who took Taxotere and suffered permanent hair loss. Taxotere, a chemotherapy drug used to treat breast, prostate, non-small cell lung cancer, stomach, and head and neck cancers, has been linked to permanent, disfiguring hair loss. Affected patients and their families may be eligible to file a Louisiana Taxotere lawsuit and seek compensation for damages.
Taxotere is a kind of chemotherapy treatment most commonly used to treat breast cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. The medication may be used on its own or together with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat specific types and stages of cancer. Taxotere belongs to a class of drugs known as taxanes, chemical compounds originally extracted from the needles of the Pacific yew tree.
Taxotere stops cancer cells from dividing and multiplying, blocking the growth of certain kinds of cancers. Since chemotherapy treatments target all rapidly-forming cells, patients will experience a loss of healthy cells as well as cancerous ones.
In 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued updated safety information noting that cases of permanent hair loss related to the use of Taxotere have been reported.
Loss of hair due to chemotherapy is typically reversible with complete hair regrowth, however, there is increased evidence that certain chemotherapy regimens can cause dose-dependent permanent alopecia (hair loss), according to a study conducted by researchers at the University of Miami, Florida. In addition to the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery’s findings, research presented at the National Cancer Research Institute Conference noted significant hair loss reported by patients who responded to a questionnaire regarding Taxotere and its connection with patient hair loss.
Many patients, particularly women treated for breast cancer, who have allegedly experienced the effects of permanent hair loss after being treated for cancer with Taxotere may find it difficult to cope with their condition.
Taxotere hair loss lawsuits filed in early 2016 allege that drug maker Sanofi S.A. made claims of Taxotere’s superior efficacy, when post market surveillance has shown that Taxotere does not offer increased efficacy or benefits over other similar medications. The lawsuit further alleges that as a result of the drug maker’s claims, thousands of individuals were exposed to more severe side effects, including permanent alopecia (hair loss).
A warning letter sent by the FDA to drug maker Sanofi-Aventis in 2009 requested that the drug maker immediately stop the dissemination of misleading assertions suggesting the efficacy of Taxotere compared to other cancer drugs in its class.
Likewise, lawsuits allege that although the drug maker published information in other countries to patients and regulatory agencies related to the possible connection between Taxotere and permanent hair loss, those warnings do not appear on any information published by the drug maker in the United States. As a result, the lawsuit claims that thousands of individuals were unable to make an informed decision as to whether the benefits of Taxotere over other treatment options was justified.
Although chemotherapy treatment schedules are relatively short, long-term issues may arise, according to the Cancer Network. For some younger breast cancer patients, fertility issues may occur after certain chemotherapy treatments. Additionally, taxane-based chemotherapy treatments such as Taxotere may lead to neuropathy, potentially leading to poor balance and other complications.
Patients who have suffered severe side effects, including permanent hair loss, after taking Taxotere, as well as the families of those who have died as a result of complications with the drug, are encouraged to seek the advice of a Louisiana Taxotere hair loss lawsuit attorney to learn more about their rights and remedies.

lowercased:
a louisiana taxotere hair loss lawsuit may be an option for chemotherapy patients who took taxotere and suffered permanent hair loss. taxotere, a chemotherapy drug used to treat breast, prostate, non-small cell lung cancer, stomach, and head and neck cancers, has been linked to permanent, disfiguring hair loss. affected patients and their families may be eligible to file a louisiana taxotere lawsuit and seek compensation for damages.
taxotere is a kind of chemotherapy treatment most commonly used to treat breast cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. the medication may be used on its own or together with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat specific types and stages of cancer. taxotere belongs to a class of drugs known as taxanes, chemical compounds originally extracted from the needles of the pacific yew tree.
taxotere stops cancer cells from dividing and multiplying, blocking the growth of certain kinds of cancers. since chemotherapy treatments target all rapidly-forming cells, patients will experience a loss of healthy cells as well as cancerous ones.
in 2015, the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) issued updated safety information noting that cases of permanent hair loss related to the use of taxotere have been reported.
loss of hair due to chemotherapy is typically reversible with complete hair regrowth, however, there is increased evidence that certain chemotherapy regimens can cause dose-dependent permanent alopecia (hair loss), according to a study conducted by researchers at the university of miami, florida. in addition to the department of dermatology and cutaneous surgery’s findings, research presented at the national cancer research institute conference noted significant hair loss reported by patients who responded to a questionnaire regarding taxotere and its connection with patient hair loss.
many patients, particularly women treated for breast cancer, who have allegedly experienced the effects of permanent hair loss after being treated for cancer with taxotere may find it difficult to cope with their condition.
taxotere hair loss lawsuits filed in early 2016 allege that drug maker sanofi s.a. made claims of taxotere’s superior efficacy, when post market surveillance has shown that taxotere does not offer increased efficacy or benefits over other similar medications. the lawsuit further alleges that as a result of the drug maker’s claims, thousands of individuals were exposed to more severe side effects, including permanent alopecia (hair loss).
a warning letter sent by the fda to drug maker sanofi-aventis in 2009 requested that the drug maker immediately stop the dissemination of misleading assertions suggesting the efficacy of taxotere compared to other cancer drugs in its class.
likewise, lawsuits allege that although the drug maker published information in other countries to patients and regulatory agencies related to the possible connection between taxotere and permanent hair loss, those warnings do not appear on any information published by the drug maker in the united states. as a result, the lawsuit claims that thousands of individuals were unable to make an informed decision as to whether the benefits of taxotere over other treatment options was justified.
although chemotherapy treatment schedules are relatively short, long-term issues may arise, according to the cancer network. for some younger breast cancer patients, fertility issues may occur after certain chemotherapy treatments. additionally, taxane-based chemotherapy treatments such as taxotere may lead to neuropathy, potentially leading to poor balance and other complications.
patients who have suffered severe side effects, including permanent hair loss, after taking taxotere, as well as the families of those who have died as a result of complications with the drug, are encouraged to seek the advice of a louisiana taxotere hair loss lawsuit attorney to learn more about their rights and remedies.


text:
A new and exciting view of Sydney Harbour had been open to the public with the official opening last weekend. There was a big fireworks display and there was less crowd than normal. It simply a great day/night out for the whole family. It happens to be Father's Day as well. Happy Father's Day to all the daddies out there. I've seen some of my friends post up on Facebook the proud photos of being a daddy.
Check out my videos below for the fireworks display if you happened to missed it. It is not as great as the photo above. But we're dealing with different species photography and video. Video is catching up with the high quality of photo though. I'm doing both so it's exciting time to be pointing your camera at things.

lowercased:
a new and exciting view of sydney harbour had been open to the public with the official opening last weekend. there was a big fireworks display and there was less crowd than normal. it simply a great day/night out for the whole family. it happens to be father's day as well. happy father's day to all the daddies out there. i've seen some of my friends post up on facebook the proud photos of being a daddy.
check out my videos below for the fireworks display if you happened to missed it. it is not as great as the photo above. but we're dealing with different species photography and video. video is catching up with the high quality of photo though. i'm doing both so it's exciting time to be pointing your camera at things.


text:
Between Belfast and Derry, and some 120 miles long, Northern Ireland’s Causeway Coastal Route takes in natural and manmade attractions such as Carrickfergus Castle, Torr Head, Giant’s Causeway and Magilligan Point. This stunningly scenic route is visually arresting and culturally immersive.
The Causeway Coastal route is ideal if you plan a self-catering, holiday cottage break, because you have the freedom to set your own itinerary.
There is plenty of variation when it comes to holiday cottages in Northern Ireland, including areas conveniently located close to the Causeway Coastal route.
These two cities bookend the route, and both are ideal places to either start or finish your journey.
The only remaining walled city in either Northern Ireland or the Republic, Derry is richly historical but also dynamically contemporary. With a calendar full of events and festivals, the city feels like it wears its history well.
Attractions include the Siege Museum, the Tower Museum and the civil rights-themed Museum of Free Derry. Derry also has the contemporary Void art space and Warehouse Gallery. There are several bus and walking tours, taking you along the walls, and visiting sites of political interest.
Also, as a thriving cultural centre, Derry has a great selection of restaurants, bars and pubs.
Belfast is home to the Titanic Belfast attraction, where you can explore the shipyards and take a walking tour to experience the Titanic story up close.
The Titanic Studios are where the iconic Game of Thrones series is filmed, and there are a variety of tours which take you to the outdoor locations where key moments of this unfolding saga have been shot.
Like Derry, Belfast has a lively entertainment and arts culture, with plenty to see and experience, including restaurants, pubs and attractions.
Standing high on the cliffs of the North Antrim coast, the ruins of Dunluce Castle bear witness to centuries of conflict. The MacQuillan Family built the castle in about 1500, and became the sought-after prize in conflicts between warring warrior clans.
Glenarm Castle is the ancestral home of the Earls of Antrim, the McDonnells. Its famous walled garden is one of Ireland’s oldest, and originally supplied the castle with all its fruit and vegetables. Now it is purely decorative, with rich displays of herbaceous plants and bright and rare specimens of flower.
Not far from Belfast, Carrickfergus Castle is one of Ireland’s best preserved medieval constructions, and it continued to play a military role right up until 1928. You can easily explore the castle using the information on site, and get a feel for medieval life by visiting the restored banqueting hall.
The Giant’s Causeway is a natural geological wonder. Consisting of some 40,000 basalt columns interlocked with one another, it provides an organic, sculptural landscape feature.
Visitors can climb the Shepherd’s Steps cut into the hillside and hike along the clifftop for a panoramic view of the coastline.
A short detour off the main coastal route, the trip to Torr Head takes you along a narrow stretch of winding road. But you’re rewarded with awesome views of the coastline, including the coast of Scotland, which is only 13 miles away.
The Causeway Coastal Route is unfeasibly packed full of places to see and things to experience, which could mean some hard choices when it comes to making the most of your time.
There is the Old Bushmills Distillery, Ireland’s oldest, where you can enjoy tutored whiskey tastings; and, along the Antrim Coast, the sandy beaches of Whitepark Bay to stroll along. Walk beneath the natural occurring archway of intertwining beech trees at the Dark Hedges; or visit the Cornish-styled, charming coastal village of Cushendun – the work of Clough Williams-Ellis, who also designed Portmeirion in North Wales.
This entry was posted on April 24, 2017, 8:51 am and is filed under Ireland. You can follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

lowercased:
between belfast and derry, and some 120 miles long, northern ireland’s causeway coastal route takes in natural and manmade attractions such as carrickfergus castle, torr head, giant’s causeway and magilligan point. this stunningly scenic route is visually arresting and culturally immersive.
the causeway coastal route is ideal if you plan a self-catering, holiday cottage break, because you have the freedom to set your own itinerary.
there is plenty of variation when it comes to holiday cottages in northern ireland, including areas conveniently located close to the causeway coastal route.
these two cities bookend the route, and both are ideal places to either start or finish your journey.
the only remaining walled city in either northern ireland or the republic, derry is richly historical but also dynamically contemporary. with a calendar full of events and festivals, the city feels like it wears its history well.
attractions include the siege museum, the tower museum and the civil rights-themed museum of free derry. derry also has the contemporary void art space and warehouse gallery. there are several bus and walking tours, taking you along the walls, and visiting sites of political interest.
also, as a thriving cultural centre, derry has a great selection of restaurants, bars and pubs.
belfast is home to the titanic belfast attraction, where you can explore the shipyards and take a walking tour to experience the titanic story up close.
the titanic studios are where the iconic game of thrones series is filmed, and there are a variety of tours which take you to the outdoor locations where key moments of this unfolding saga have been shot.
like derry, belfast has a lively entertainment and arts culture, with plenty to see and experience, including restaurants, pubs and attractions.
standing high on the cliffs of the north antrim coast, the ruins of dunluce castle bear witness to centuries of conflict. the macquillan family built the castle in about 1500, and became the sought-after prize in conflicts between warring warrior clans.
glenarm castle is the ancestral home of the earls of antrim, the mcdonnells. its famous walled garden is one of ireland’s oldest, and originally supplied the castle with all its fruit and vegetables. now it is purely decorative, with rich displays of herbaceous plants and bright and rare specimens of flower.
not far from belfast, carrickfergus castle is one of ireland’s best preserved medieval constructions, and it continued to play a military role right up until 1928. you can easily explore the castle using the information on site, and get a feel for medieval life by visiting the restored banqueting hall.
the giant’s causeway is a natural geological wonder. consisting of some 40,000 basalt columns interlocked with one another, it provides an organic, sculptural landscape feature.
visitors can climb the shepherd’s steps cut into the hillside and hike along the clifftop for a panoramic view of the coastline.
a short detour off the main coastal route, the trip to torr head takes you along a narrow stretch of winding road. but you’re rewarded with awesome views of the coastline, including the coast of scotland, which is only 13 miles away.
the causeway coastal route is unfeasibly packed full of places to see and things to experience, which could mean some hard choices when it comes to making the most of your time.
there is the old bushmills distillery, ireland’s oldest, where you can enjoy tutored whiskey tastings; and, along the antrim coast, the sandy beaches of whitepark bay to stroll along. walk beneath the natural occurring archway of intertwining beech trees at the dark hedges; or visit the cornish-styled, charming coastal village of cushendun – the work of clough williams-ellis, who also designed portmeirion in north wales.
this entry was posted on april 24, 2017, 8:51 am and is filed under ireland. you can follow any responses to this entry through rss 2.0. you can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text: • This section consists of questions with serial number 1 - 5. • Answer all questions. • Marks are indicated against each question.

lowercased: • this section consists of questions with serial number 1 - 5. • answer all questions. • marks are indicated against each question.


text:
Consumers who wish to seek free legal advice are welcome to see an officer for a prior consultation and a case assessment. At consultation, the officer will then make recommendations accordingly.
The Small Claims Tribunals is part of the Subordinate Courts.
This website is operated by Southeast Asia Consumer Alliance ("SEACA").
© COPYRIGHT 2015/2016. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

lowercased:
consumers who wish to seek free legal advice are welcome to see an officer for a prior consultation and a case assessment. at consultation, the officer will then make recommendations accordingly.
the small claims tribunals is part of the subordinate courts.
this website is operated by southeast asia consumer alliance ("seaca").
© copyright 2015/2016. all rights reserved.


text:
} WIDGET_INT for this purpose.
of setbindk is reversed from the sense of ZLE_VIOPER.
} whether it assumes that $WIDGET points to itself.
safely assume that $WIDGET points to itself.

lowercased:
} widget_int for this purpose.
of setbindk is reversed from the sense of zle_vioper.
} whether it assumes that $widget points to itself.
safely assume that $widget points to itself.