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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,650 --> 00:00:25,210
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,210 --> 00:00:29,150
7
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒู…ู„ ู„ู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:29,150 --> 00:00:32,150
11
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ diagnostic microbiology ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:32,150 --> 00:00:35,090
15
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ gram-bacilli ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† gram
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,090 --> 00:00:39,050
19
+ -bostev-cocci ุซุงู„ุซ gram-bostev-cocci ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:39,050 --> 00:00:42,290
23
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ gram-bostev-bacilli gram-bostev
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:42,290 --> 00:00:46,890
27
+ -bacilli ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณู‡ู„ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ูˆุนุดุงู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:46,890 --> 00:00:51,260
31
+ ู†ุณู‡ู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†ู‚ุณู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:51,260 --> 00:00:55,800
35
+ sport forming ูˆู‚ุณู… non sport forming ู‡ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ูƒู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:55,800 --> 00:01:00,450
39
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉู„ุง ุงู‚ุตุฏ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ุด ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:00,450 --> 00:01:05,590
43
+ ู…ู† ุงู‡ู… ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:05,590 --> 00:01:09,370
47
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ sport former ู„ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุจุงุณู… Bacillus
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:09,370 --> 00:01:13,450
51
+ anthracis ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ anthrax ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุจูŠุซุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:13,450 --> 00:01:17,790
55
+ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุชู„ูƒ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:17,790 --> 00:01:21,190
59
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ูƒุฏุฑูŠุนุฉ ู„ุดุงู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:21,190 --> 00:01:27,160
63
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู†ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ูˆุถุนุช ููŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:27,160 --> 00:01:31,640
67
+ ู…ุฌู„ุงุช ูˆ ุจุฑูŠุฏ ูˆ ุฃุฑุณู„ุช ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:31,640 --> 00:01:36,100
71
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจูุชุญู‡ุง ูŠุณุชู†ุดู‚ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:36,100 --> 00:01:41,120
75
+ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู†ุดู‚ู‡ุง ูุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู‡ุง ุณูŠุท
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:45,500
79
+ ูˆุงุณุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู†ุช ..ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญุฏุงุซู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุดูƒู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:51,000
83
+ natural ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:55,460
87
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:55,460 --> 00:02:00,820
91
+ ุงู„ุจุนุถุงู„ุฏูŠุงุฌุฑุงู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ ground
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:00,820 --> 00:02:03,680
95
+ positive ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ lie ุฅู„ู‰ sport negative ูˆ sport
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:06,660
99
+ positive ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ sport positive ูู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:06,660 --> 00:02:10,020
103
+ ุงู„ aerobic ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุจุณู„ุณ ูˆ ุงู„ anaerobic
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:10,020 --> 00:02:13,360
107
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ cluster ุฏูŠ ุงุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงุจุฏุฃ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:17,400
111
+ ุจู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุจุณู„ุณ ูุงู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุนุฑูุช ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง aerobic
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:21,150
115
+ ูˆ sport farming ุงู„ ground positive ุจุณ ุงู„ lieุนู„ู‰
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:21,150 --> 00:02:25,130
119
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ sport negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:25,130 --> 00:02:29,970
123
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุจูุญุต ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ ุงู„ negative ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:29,970 --> 00:02:33,370
127
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ H2S ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช H2S negative ูู‡ูŠ lactobacillus
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:33,370 --> 00:02:37,830
131
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช H2S positive ูู‡ูŠ ercipilothrixrhizopathia
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:46,410
135
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ positive
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:46,410 --> 00:02:50,350
139
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ positive ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุชู„ุช ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุช
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:50,350 --> 00:02:54,390
143
+ ุตูุงุช ุงู„ Nitrate ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ูŠุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ Hemolysis ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:54,390 --> 00:02:57,970
147
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ Hemolysis ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฅู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุถู„ุตู†ุงู‡ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,970 --> 00:03:02,570
151
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† group A
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:04,570 --> 00:03:07,610
155
+ Striptococci ู…ูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุจุฅูŠู‡ StriptococciุŸ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:10,950
159
+ Striptococcus biogenes ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุชุจูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:10,950 --> 00:03:15,370
163
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง zone of inhibition ุนููˆุง zone of hemolysis
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:15,370 --> 00:03:20,150
167
+ Beta hemolysis ูŠุดุจู‡ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ hemolysis
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:20,150 --> 00:03:23,510
171
+ ุงู„ stereo mono cytogenes ู…ุน ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅูŠุด
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:23,510 --> 00:03:27,870
175
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠู„ ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:27,870 --> 00:03:32,720
179
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ they look similarููŠ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:35,440
183
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ Hemolysis ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุณูŠู„ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:39,000
187
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠุชุฑุงุช ุจูุณุทู ูู‡ูŠ ูƒูˆุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู… species
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:39,000 --> 00:03:42,360
191
+ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู†ุฑุฌุนู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:46,600
195
+ ู„ุณุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุณุงูŠุชูˆุฌูŠู† ุงุฑุณูŠ ุจูŠู„ูˆ ุชุฑูŠูƒุณ ุฑูˆุณูŠูˆ ุจุงุชูŠุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:46,600 --> 00:03:52,140
199
+ ู„ุงูƒุชูˆ ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:52,140 --> 00:03:59,720
203
+ ุงู„ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ู„ุณุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒูˆุฑูŠู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:00,380
207
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู…
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:06,580
211
+ Erythropoethics and Lactobacillus ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:10,940
215
+ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู„ ground boosting ุจุณูŠู„ุงูŠ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:10,940 --> 00:04:13,520
219
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ sport forming ูˆ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:15,800
223
+ ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุณู„ุณ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:27,990 --> 00:04:32,190
227
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 48 ุณุจูŠุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ general
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:32,190 --> 00:04:35,850
231
+ characteristics ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… gram-boosted bacilli spore
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:35,850 --> 00:04:39,310
235
+ -former aerobic and facultative anaerobic ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:39,310 --> 00:04:45,050
239
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูˆุถุญู‡ุง ุงู„ 48 species ูŠุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† aerobic
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:45,050 --> 00:04:48,670
243
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† facultative anaerobic ู„ูƒู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:48,670 --> 00:04:52,790
247
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง obligate anaerobic ูู‚ุท aerobic and
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:52,790 --> 00:04:55,960
251
+ facultative anaerobicุฃุดู‡ุฑ pathogenes ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:55,960 --> 00:04:58,580
255
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ุฃู†ุชุฑุงุณูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุจุตุฏุงุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:58,580 --> 00:05:02,360
259
+ ูˆุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ุณูŠุฑูŠุงุณ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:05,580
263
+ ูˆุงู„ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ุณูŠุฑูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆุน ุงู„ food microbiology
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:05,580 --> 00:05:09,380
267
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุจุจ food poisoning
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:12,290 --> 00:05:16,670
271
+ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุจุชู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ุจุชูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ ุณุคุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:16,670 --> 00:05:20,450
275
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฑุงุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุทุนู… ุตูŠู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจุนุฏ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:20,450 --> 00:05:24,430
279
+ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุช ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… stomach
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:24,430 --> 00:05:28,890
283
+ ache ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… vomiting ุชู…ุงู… what would be the
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:28,890 --> 00:05:32,130
287
+ possible ุงูˆ the most possible cause of food
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:32,130 --> 00:05:35,450
291
+ poisoning ู‡ุจุตูŠ ู„ู„ุณูŠุฑูŠุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุทุนู… ุตูŠู†ูŠ ุนู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:35,450 --> 00:05:39,110
295
+ ุฑุฒ rice ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:39,110 --> 00:05:42,830
299
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ food poisoningู„ูƒู† ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ุฏู‡ ุงู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:42,830 --> 00:05:47,770
303
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Bacillus anthracis ู†ุจุฏุฃ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:47,770 --> 00:05:51,790
307
+ ุจุงู„ู€Bacillus anthracis ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:51,790 --> 00:05:55,110
311
+ ุฌุฏุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุญูƒูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ู‚ุตุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:55,110 --> 00:06:00,330
315
+ ุนู† ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุดุนุฑ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:00,330 --> 00:06:04,750
319
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู€microbiology ูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ู‚ุจู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:04,750 --> 00:06:08,630
323
+ ุจู…ุฆุงุช ูˆ ุฃู„ุงู ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุณู…ู‰
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:08,630 --> 00:06:16,460
327
+ ุจุงู„ู€microbiologyุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู…ูˆุช ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุนุฒ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:16,460 --> 00:06:20,020
331
+ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุจูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนุฑูˆู
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:20,020 --> 00:06:25,460
335
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุบู†ุงู… ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุฃุบู†ุงู… ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑุถ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูƒู„
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:25,460 --> 00:06:29,960
339
+ ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู… ูู…ู† ู…ู„ุงุญุธุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:34,860
343
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุจูŠุทุฉููƒุงู† ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ูŠุงุฎุฏ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:34,860 --> 00:06:37,360
347
+ ุดูˆูƒุฉุŒ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุดูˆูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุดูˆูƒุฉ ุตุจุฑ ูˆู„ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:44,000
351
+ ุดูˆูƒุฉ ู†ุจุงุช ูˆูŠุบู…ุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุฌุซุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุช
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:48,980
355
+ ูˆูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆูŠุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠู‚ุนุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:48,980 --> 00:06:54,930
359
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏุฎ ุฏูŠุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ูุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุฑุณ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:54,930 --> 00:07:00,330
363
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌู„ุณ ููŠู‡ ุจุชุบุฒ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒุฉ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:00,330 --> 00:07:02,690
367
+ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุชูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ุจุนุฑู .. ู…ุงุนุฑููˆุด ุฅู† ููŠู‡
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:02,690 --> 00:07:07,090
371
+ ุฌุฑุงุชูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:07,090 --> 00:07:11,450
375
+ ู„ู„ุงุบุชูŠุงู„ุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ุจุฃู„ุงู ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:11,450 --> 00:07:14,770
379
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ micro biological ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:14,770 --> 00:07:20,430
383
+ ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุทุนูˆู†ุงู„ุทุนูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ุฑุณูŠู†ุงุจุณุชุณ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:20,430 --> 00:07:26,890
387
+ ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ุฐูู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุฌู†ูŠู‚ ุฌุซุซ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆููŠู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:26,890 --> 00:07:31,490
391
+ ุจุงู„ุทุนูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู† ุญุชู‰ ูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุทุนูˆู† ููŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:31,490 --> 00:07:36,950
395
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:36,950 --> 00:07:40,530
399
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:40,530 --> 00:07:44,570
403
+ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:44,570 --> 00:07:49,730
407
+ ุงู„ุฎุจุฒุŒ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู„ุจู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฌุจุงู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชูˆุธูŠู
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:49,730 --> 00:07:54,050
411
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชุŒ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:54,050 --> 00:08:00,360
415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠู‡ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชู†ุฑุฌุนุŒ ุจุฑุฌูˆุน ู„ู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงุณ anthracisุŒ it
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:04,000
419
+ is large ground-posted ุจุตูŠู„ุงูŠ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:08,160
423
+ large ูˆ ุจุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ large ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ large ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูุฑุฌ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:11,520
427
+ ู…ุนุงู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:11,520 --> 00:08:14,160
431
+ ูƒุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ุฃูˆ ุชุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุญุช
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:17,300
435
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงุณ ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงุณ ู‡ูŠูƒ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:18,570 --> 00:08:22,090
439
+ ุฃุธู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง large ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:22,090 --> 00:08:26,030
443
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€bacillus none motile ูˆู„ุง ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู‘ู… ูƒู„
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:26,030 --> 00:08:28,190
447
+ ุงู„ู€bacillus non motile ูˆู„ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุณุท
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:28,190 --> 00:08:31,030
451
+ ุงู„ู€bacilli non motile ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุนู…ู‘ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:31,030 --> 00:08:34,450
455
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง non motile ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ others ุจุชูƒูˆู† motile
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:34,450 --> 00:08:39,190
459
+ found singly in pairs or in chain ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช singly
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:39,190 --> 00:08:43,790
463
+ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช in pairs ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช in
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:43,790 --> 00:08:50,630
467
+ chains ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุฒูŠ ุงู„ bamboo tree ุจุชุนุฑู
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:50,630 --> 00:08:59,450
471
+ ุงู„ bamboo tree ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆุณ ุฎูŠุฑุฒุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌุตุจ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:59,450 --> 00:09:03,390
475
+ ุงู„ุฌุตุจ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุงู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:03,390 --> 00:09:08,670
479
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู†ุทุฑูู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† concave ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฑุชู‚ูˆุง ู…ุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:08,670 --> 00:09:14,510
483
+ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:14,510 --> 00:09:18,390
487
+ long chain ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญุฏ ู…ูŠุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู†ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:18,390 --> 00:09:24,410
491
+ Spore Former ุทุจ Spore Former ูˆูŠู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ SporeุŸ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:24,410 --> 00:09:29,230
495
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ูƒุจุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ Spore ูˆูŠู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:29,230 --> 00:09:32,530
499
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง Central ูŠุง ุงู…ุง Sub Terminal ูŠุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:32,530 --> 00:09:37,900
503
+ ุงู…ุง Terminal ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉcentral ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:37,900 --> 00:09:41,940
507
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ oval ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ sport ูŠุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:41,940 --> 00:09:45,720
511
+ ุงู…ุง spherical ูŠุง ุงู…ุง oval ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ location ูŠุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:45,720 --> 00:09:48,660
515
+ ุงู…ุง central ูŠุง ุงู…ุง sub terminal ูŠุง ุงู…ุง terminal
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:48,660 --> 00:09:53,220
519
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงุณ and ุฑุงุณูŠุณ centrally located ูˆ oval
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:53,220 --> 00:10:00,700
523
+ shape ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ sports could be found only
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:06,020
527
+ in culture outside the animalุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ could
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:06,020 --> 00:10:12,180
531
+ be only found in the animal ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุชุงู† ุนูƒุณ ุจุนุถ ุงู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:12,180 --> 00:10:17,200
535
+ sport ุฌูˆู† ุจูŠู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ culture ุจุฑุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุฃูˆ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:20,920
539
+ ุจุฑุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฏูŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:20,920 --> 00:10:23,320
543
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ infected animal ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:27,150
547
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ sportู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูƒูˆู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:27,150 --> 00:10:31,270
551
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุตู„ุง sport ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุธุฑูˆูู‡ุง ุตุนุจุฉุŸ ุทุจ ู‡ูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:31,270 --> 00:10:36,090
555
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌูˆ ูˆุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุนู…ู„ุฉ infection ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุจุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ูˆ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:36,090 --> 00:10:39,470
559
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ number ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ number
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:39,470 --> 00:10:43,190
563
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู‚ุฏ ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ blood cells
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:48,360
567
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ venous blood ุฃูˆ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:51,460
571
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ peripheral blood ุจุงู„ puncture ูˆ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุชุญุช
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:51,460 --> 00:10:55,720
575
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุน ุงู„ red blood cell
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:55,720 --> 00:10:59,140
579
+ ู…ุงู†ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ Falminant GrowthุŒ GrowthุŒ Heavy
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:59,140 --> 00:11:04,740
583
+ GrowthุŒ Very Severe Infection ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:04,740 --> 00:11:09,700
587
+ ุธุฑูˆู ู…ู„ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุชู†ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูƒูˆู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:09,700 --> 00:11:15,140
591
+ SporeุŸุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุฌูˆุง ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:15,140 --> 00:11:19,840
595
+ ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุจุฑุงุŸู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุจุฑุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ูˆูู‘ุฑุช
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:23,200
599
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ media ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ calcium carbonate
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:26,560
603
+ ุงู„ media ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:26,560 --> 00:11:30,820
607
+ calcium carbonate ูˆุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ููŠู‡ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:30,820 --> 00:11:35,440
611
+ ู„ calcium carbonate ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:35,440 --> 00:11:38,860
615
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† capsule ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ culture ู…ุงุจุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ุงุด
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:38,860 --> 00:11:42,520
619
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† capsule ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฒูˆู‘ุฏุช ุงู„ media ุจุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:42,520 --> 00:11:46,590
623
+ calcium carbonateุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ sports are oval and
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:46,590 --> 00:11:50,610
627
+ centrally located ุดูˆููˆุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู† ุงู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:50,610 --> 00:11:56,250
631
+ survival ุชุจุน ุงู„ sport ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุญุท
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:56,250 --> 00:12:01,510
635
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุชุฑุจุฉ ุชุฑุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:01,510 --> 00:12:04,810
639
+ ุจูŠูุญุต ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุญูŠุฉ ุถุงูŠู„ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ุญูŠุฉ ู„ุฌู‡ุง ุญูŠุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:04,810 --> 00:12:09,650
643
+ ู„ุฌุฏุงุด ู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:09,650 --> 00:12:15,260
647
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุฌุช ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ survived ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:15,260 --> 00:12:19,780
651
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงูƒุชุฑ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุงุญู†ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:19,780 --> 00:12:24,140
655
+ ู„ุงู† sport forming ุจุชุทูˆู„ ู‚ุฏ ุชุทูˆู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุฆุงุช
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:24,140 --> 00:12:31,700
659
+ ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ูุงู„ survival ุณุจุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุง ูุถู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:36,770 --> 00:12:40,890
663
+ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฏู… ุงู„ุงู†ููƒุงุท ุงู„ุงู†ู…ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุฏู…
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:40,890 --> 00:12:44,110
667
+ ุงู„ุงู†ููƒุงุท ุงู„ุงู†ู…ูˆ ูƒุงู„ุณูˆู…ุŸ ู„ุฃ ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† .. ุนููˆุงุŒ ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:44,110 --> 00:12:47,430
671
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุดูƒู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:47,430 --> 00:12:50,410
675
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง vegetative cellุŒ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:50,410 --> 00:12:54,710
679
+ vegetative cellุŒ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุดูŠุทุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุบุฐู‰ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:54,710 --> 00:13:01,040
683
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ุงู† ู…ุชู‰ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:05,160
687
+ vegetative cell ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ sport cell ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:05,160 --> 00:13:09,680
691
+ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:09,680 --> 00:13:12,060
695
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุธุฑูˆู ุณูŠุฆุฉ ุงูˆ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจุงูƒูŠุฏ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:12,060 --> 00:13:15,200
699
+ ุงุจู‚ุงู„ู‡ุง vegetative cell ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง sport ู„ู…ุง
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:20,360
703
+ ุชุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู†ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:24,880
707
+ okay ููŠู‡ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ู…ูŠุญุฉ ูˆุบุฐุงุก ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ู„ูƒู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:24,880 --> 00:13:28,920
711
+ ุจุนุฏ ุนุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:28,920 --> 00:13:34,180
715
+ ุชุชุฌูŠู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุจุชุณูˆู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:34,180 --> 00:13:37,680
719
+ endospore ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู† ุชุงู† ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุฏุงุด ู†ุนู…ู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:37,680 --> 00:13:42,140
723
+ confusion ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ capsule ูˆ ุงู„ endospore
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:42,140 --> 00:13:46,800
727
+ ุงู„ capsule structure ูŠุชูˆูุฑ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:52,530
731
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุชู†ุชุฌู‡ู…ุงุชูˆูุฑุด ู…ุงุจุชู†ุชุฌูˆุด ููŠ ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:52,530 --> 00:13:58,090
735
+ ุชุชูˆูุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† capsule ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:58,090 --> 00:14:02,290
739
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู†ุงู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุงุชุชูˆูุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูˆูุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:02,290 --> 00:14:08,290
743
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ capsule ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:08,290 --> 00:14:12,880
747
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ุจุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู„ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,000
751
+ hemophilus influenza ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,660
755
+ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุทุจ ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:19,660 --> 00:14:22,360
759
+ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู‡ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:22,360 --> 00:14:24,840
763
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆู…ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:30,060
767
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุงูŠูƒู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:30,060 --> 00:14:35,040
771
+ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆู…ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑุŸ ู…ุด ุณุคุงู„ ุฎุงุฏุน
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:39,300
775
+ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃุŸ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:43,660 --> 00:14:46,700
779
+ ูˆ ุจุงู„ blood agar ููŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑู ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:46,700 --> 00:14:49,480
783
+ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู„ blood ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฏ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:49,480 --> 00:14:53,980
787
+ inhibitory ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุชุจุนู†ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:53,980 --> 00:14:57,340
791
+ toxic material ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง ุจุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:57,340 --> 00:15:00,820
795
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูู‚ุฏ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:00,820 --> 00:15:04,740
799
+ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุญุณุงุณุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูู‚ุฏ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:04,740 --> 00:15:07,440
803
+ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุชุฑุฏ ุงุฌุงุฑูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:09,880
807
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood agar ุทูŠุจ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:11,380 --> 00:15:15,540
811
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงุจุฏู‡ุงุด ูƒู…ุงู† incubation ุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:15,540 --> 00:15:20,720
815
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:20,720 --> 00:15:24,640
819
+ ุจู„ุฏ ุงุฌุงุฑ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูƒูŠู ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุชู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:30,160
823
+ ุชุณู…ุน ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฒุง ุชุณู…ุน
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:34,500
827
+ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฒุง ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฒุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุทูŠุฑ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:34,500 --> 00:15:40,890
831
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุซู‰ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุฑุฃุณู‡ุง ุญูŠูŠุฉ ุชุนุงุจูŠู†ุงู‡ ุฃุญู†ุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:40,890 --> 00:15:49,270
835
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฒุง ู‡ุฏ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:49,270 --> 00:16:05,010
839
+ ุนุดุงู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:05,010 --> 00:16:11,450
843
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุฃุตู„ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุง ูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ..ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:11,450 --> 00:16:15,790
847
+ ู‡ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ .. ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุซุนุงุจูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ู†
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:15,790 --> 00:16:19,690
851
+ ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุญู‚
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:19,690 --> 00:16:29,510
855
+ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฒุง ู‡ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:29,510 --> 00:16:35,430
859
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† .. ุงู‡ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ู‡ุฏ .. ู‡ุฏ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:35,430 --> 00:16:39,150
863
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุจุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฒุง ู‡ุฏ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:46,580 --> 00:16:51,600
867
+ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ comet tail
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:51,600 --> 00:16:54,520
871
+ comet tail ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ comet ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุจ ู„ูˆ ุชุฎูŠุฑู†ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:54,520 --> 00:16:57,260
875
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูƒุฑุฉ ูƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูˆ ู‚ุฐูู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:57,260 --> 00:17:02,500
879
+ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฐูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูู‡ุฐุง
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:02,500 --> 00:17:05,560
883
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ comet tail ูุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุฏูˆุฒุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:05,560 --> 00:17:11,180
887
+ ู‡ูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ comet tail ููŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:11,180 --> 00:17:15,060
891
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู†ุง
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:15,060 --> 00:17:20,550
895
+ noneHemolyticุŒ ุจู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุจู†ุฃูƒุฏ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:20,550 --> 00:17:25,350
899
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€Bacillus ุงู„ู€species
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:25,350 --> 00:17:29,630
903
+ are mostly hemolytic ุฃูˆ Beta-hemolytic ูู„ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุน
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:29,630 --> 00:17:33,970
907
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ BacillusุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ู€Bacillus ููŠู‡ุง ูˆnon
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:33,970 --> 00:17:37,310
911
+ -hemolytics ูู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ุชูƒูˆู† Bacillus
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:37,310 --> 00:17:42,410
915
+ anthracisุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู†ุง during specimen
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:42,410 --> 00:17:47,310
919
+ collection ููŠู†ุง caution ุฃูˆ ุชุญุฐูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:47,310 --> 00:17:51,110
923
+ ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ูƒู„ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ูˆุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:51,110 --> 00:17:54,990
927
+ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฃูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุดุชุจุฃ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจุตู„ุต
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:54,990 --> 00:18:01,310
931
+ ุฃู†ุชุฑุงุณูŠุฒู…ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸุจุชุญูƒูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู† ู…ุฑุถ ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:01,310 --> 00:18:06,110
935
+ ูˆุงู†ุชูˆุง ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ ูƒูŠู ุชู…
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:06,110 --> 00:18:10,250
939
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:10,250 --> 00:18:13,290
943
+ ู…ู† ุงุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง catanius anthrax
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:13,900 --> 00:18:19,500
947
+ ูƒุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุฌุฑูˆุญ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:19,500 --> 00:18:24,460
951
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุจู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:24,460 --> 00:18:34,120
955
+ palmonary anthrax ูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุงุณู… ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุตูˆุงููŠู† ุฃูˆ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:34,120 --> 00:18:39,060
959
+ wool sorter disease
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:42,420 --> 00:18:47,460
963
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ sorting ุงู„ู„ูŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:47,460 --> 00:18:51,480
967
+ ุจูŠูุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆู ูƒูŠู ุจูŠูุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆูุŸ ุงู†ุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุดูุชูˆุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:51,480 --> 00:18:56,600
971
+ ุงู„ุฃุบู†ุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุฑูุงู† ูƒูŠู ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ููŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:56,600 --> 00:19:01,080
975
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุจุชู„ุชู‚ุท ุฃุดูˆุงูƒ ูˆ ู‚ุงุถูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฒูˆู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:05,940
979
+ ุจุงู„ุบุณูŠู„ ูุงู„ุตูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:05,940 --> 00:19:09,230
983
+ ู†ุธููˆู‡ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ุธูŠู ุจุงู„ู…ุงุก
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:09,230 --> 00:19:12,470
987
+ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆู‡ุง ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญุฑูƒูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุงุฏููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆู
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:12,470 --> 00:19:16,930
991
+ ุจูŠุดุฏูˆู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:16,930 --> 00:19:20,830
995
+ ุงู„ุตูˆู ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู…ุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ anthrax ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ูŠุงู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:20,830 --> 00:19:25,270
999
+ ุจุงู„ spores ุชุจุน ุงู„ anthrax ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู†ุดู‚ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:28,830
1003
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุตูˆู ู‡ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ููŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:28,830 --> 00:19:31,770
1007
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ pulmonary anthrax
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:36,340 --> 00:19:40,360
1011
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชู†ุชุงุฌุงุช ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:40,360 --> 00:19:45,280
1015
+ ุงุชูƒูˆู…ุด ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฌู†ุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ skin
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:45,280 --> 00:19:50,020
1019
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆู ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:50,020 --> 00:19:54,720
1023
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑุญ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:54,720 --> 00:20:00,810
1027
+ ุจุชุถู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชุถู„ .. ู…ุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุขู†ููŠ ุฃูƒู„ ูˆ ุดุฑุจ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:00,810 --> 00:20:04,470
1031
+ ุฅู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ vegetative ุฅู„ู‰
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:04,470 --> 00:20:08,790
1035
+ sporesุŒ ูุฌุฏุงุด ุงุญู†ุง .. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:08,790 --> 00:20:12,650
1039
+ ู„ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุงู„ุตูˆูุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ non
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:12,650 --> 00:20:15,750
1043
+ -spore-formุฉ ูˆ ุตุงุฑุช ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆู ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ุญุตูŠุฑู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:19,290
1047
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ SporesุŒ ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุฏู„ุฉ ุจุณู†ุดู‚ุฉ ุจุณู†ุดู‚ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ Spores
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:21,230 --> 00:20:24,770
1051
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆู ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆุฑุฏ ุญุชู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:24,770 --> 00:20:31,550
1055
+ ูŠู…ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ูˆูŠู…ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ sterilization ูƒุงููŠุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:31,550 --> 00:20:34,910
1059
+ ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ sports ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:34,910 --> 00:20:39,370
1063
+ skin ูƒุชุงู†ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆู†ุงุฑูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆู†ุงุฑูŠ ูˆููŠู‡
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:39,370 --> 00:20:43,430
1067
+ gastrointestinal ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุตุนุจ ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:43,430 --> 00:20:47,730
1071
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชู…ุณ ุฌู„ุจู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชู†ุดู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:47,730 --> 00:20:51,700
1075
+ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู†ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:51,700 --> 00:20:55,180
1079
+ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ูˆู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉู†ุง ุฃูˆ ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:55,180 --> 00:21:00,920
1083
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠุฐ ู„ู…ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:00,920 --> 00:21:04,500
1087
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุถู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู‚ูุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:04,500 --> 00:21:10,240
1091
+ ุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆุงูƒุณูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู…
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:11,300
1095
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุน
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:18,090 --> 00:21:21,370
1099
+ samples collected depending on the site affected
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:21,370 --> 00:21:28,690
1103
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู… site ููŠู‡ affected skin ุตุญุŸ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:28,690 --> 00:21:34,890
1107
+ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ palmonary ูˆ gastrointestinal
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:34,890 --> 00:21:38,850
1111
+ ุทุจุนุง gastrointestinal ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุงุŸ stool ุฃูˆ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:38,850 --> 00:21:43,530
1115
+ gastric washing palmonary
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:45,870 --> 00:21:52,370
1119
+ Sputum ูˆุงู„ุณูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุณูˆุงุจ ุตุญุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุน ูƒู„
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:52,370 --> 00:21:55,510
1123
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุฌูˆุฒ ู†ุงุฎุฏูŠ ุดุจุงุจ blood
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:55,510 --> 00:22:02,310
1127
+ culture ู„ูŠุดุŸ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:02,900 --> 00:22:08,140
1131
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ skin .. ุงูˆ skin infection ุงู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:08,140 --> 00:22:11,560
1135
+ ultimate destination ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ุงู„ skin ูˆุงู†ู…ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:11,560 --> 00:22:15,400
1139
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ blood ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ู…ูˆู†ุงุฑูŠ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:18,400
1143
+ ultimate destination ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ .. ูƒุฏู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:18,400 --> 00:22:23,600
1147
+ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฏู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:23,600 --> 00:22:27,980
1151
+ target site ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ swab ูˆ blood ู†ุงุฎุฏ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:27,980 --> 00:22:32,310
1155
+ sputum ุฒุงุฏ blood ู†ุงุฎุฏ stool ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ bloodุทุจุนุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:32,310 --> 00:22:35,630
1159
+ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุนุงู†ุง stool ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงุฐุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:35,630 --> 00:22:41,750
1163
+ blood culture ุนูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุทู„ ูˆุงุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:41,750 --> 00:22:45,250
1167
+ ู…ุนุงู†ุง that's it ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุฃุตู„ุง ุงุณุชุฑุงุฆุญูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ stool
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:45,250 --> 00:22:49,830
1171
+ ู…ุด ุงุณุชุฑุงุฆุญูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุนุฒู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ stool
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:49,830 --> 00:22:55,350
1175
+ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุจู‚ุงุด selective ููƒุฑ ู‡ู„ ุงู‚ูู„ู‡ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ .. ู‡ู„
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:55,350 --> 00:22:59,570
1179
+ ุฌูŠุชู„ู‡ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชู‚ู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:59,570 --> 00:23:03,950
1183
+ ุจุชู‚ู‡ู„ ุงู† ุงุนุฒู„ู‡ุง selectivelyู…ูŠู† ูŠููƒุฑุŸ ูŠู„ู‘ุง ุงู„ู€
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:03,950 --> 00:23:07,790
1187
+ calcium
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:07,790 --> 00:23:12,150
1191
+ carbonate ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:12,150 --> 00:23:13,090
1195
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:13,090 --> 00:23:13,390
1199
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:13,390 --> 00:23:13,990
1203
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:13,990 --> 00:23:14,830
1207
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:14,830 --> 00:23:18,570
1211
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:18,570 --> 00:23:21,290
1215
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุณ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:30,180
1219
+ ูƒูŠูุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฌูŠุจุช ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุณุชูˆู„ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุณุชูˆู„ ูˆ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:30,180 --> 00:23:35,460
1223
+ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ saline saline ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุณุฎู†ุช ู„ 80 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:35,460 --> 00:23:41,880
1227
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง .. ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:45,640
1231
+ ุงู†ุฏูˆ ุณุจูˆุฑ ุญุตุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ sport
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:45,640 --> 00:23:49,980
1235
+ forming ู‡ู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุณู„ุต ุฃู†ุชุฑุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ู„ูƒู†
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:49,980 --> 00:23:52,680
1239
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตู†ููŠู† ุจุณู„ุต
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:55,710 --> 00:23:58,810
1243
+ ูˆ ุงู„ Eclostridium ุงู„ Eclostridium ุฃุญุณู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:58,810 --> 00:24:02,430
1247
+ ู‡ู†ุง Anaerobic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุคู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุจุนุฏ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:02,430 --> 00:24:07,850
1251
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุจุณู„ุณ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุงู„ุจุณู„ุณ ุฃู†ูุงุณูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุงูŠ ุจุณู„ุณ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:07,850 --> 00:24:11,770
1255
+ ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:11,770 --> 00:24:15,870
1259
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ heat treatment ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ enrichment ุชุจุนุชู†ุง heat
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:15,870 --> 00:24:23,210
1263
+ treatment ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุทูˆุงู† ุบูŠุฑ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:23,210 --> 00:24:23,670
1267
+ ุชุณุฎูŠู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:27,210 --> 00:24:31,730
1271
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Alcohol Treatment
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:31,730 --> 00:24:35,870
1275
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… equal amount ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ุญุท ุนู„ู‰ fifty
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:35,870 --> 00:24:41,750
1279
+ percent Ethanol ูˆุจู†ุนู…ู„ mixing ูˆู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ู… ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ู†ุตู
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:41,750 --> 00:24:47,250
1283
+ ุณุงุนุฉ ู†ุตู ุณุงุนุฉู†ุตู ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ูƒู‡ูˆู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:47,250 --> 00:24:50,510
1287
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูˆ ุงุฑุชูุน ู„ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจูƒูˆู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:50,510 --> 00:24:54,070
1291
+ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฃุญุณู† ุจุณ ุจู†ุฎุงู ู„ูˆ ุฑูุนู†ุง ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุนู…ู„
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:54,070 --> 00:24:57,290
1295
+ shock ู†ู‚ุชู„ ููŠู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ shock ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:57,290 --> 00:25:02,430
1299
+ concentration ู…ุคุฐูŠ ู„ู„bacillus ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุงุฎุฏ ูุฑุตุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:02,430 --> 00:25:05,530
1303
+ ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ spore ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑุงุช ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุด ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:05,530 --> 00:25:08,190
1307
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ spore ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูˆุชูˆุง ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ูŠุฒู‚ ูˆ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:08,190 --> 00:25:11,650
1311
+ ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจุถู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ spore
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:11,650 --> 00:25:17,810
1315
+ forming bacteriaู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:17,810 --> 00:25:24,130
1319
+ ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:24,130 --> 00:25:25,550
1323
+ ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:25,550 --> 00:25:25,690
1327
+ ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:25,690 --> 00:25:28,290
1331
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:28,290 --> 00:25:30,030
1335
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:30,030 --> 00:25:34,210
1339
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:34,210 --> 00:25:39,150
1343
+ ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:39,150 --> 00:25:42,910
1347
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ุต ุณุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:25:47,540 --> 00:25:52,900
1351
+ ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ููƒุฑุช .. ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุตุฑุช ู…ุฏุฑุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:25:52,900 --> 00:25:56,980
1355
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุช .. ุช .. ุชูˆุฑูŠ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:56,980 --> 00:26:01,900
1359
+ ุทู„ุงุจูƒ sport farming bacterialูˆ ุฏูˆุฑ ูู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฑู‰ ูู‰ุด
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:01,900 --> 00:26:04,000
1363
+ .. ูู‰ุด ุนู†ุฏูƒ sport forming bacteria ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฒุฒู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:06,300
1367
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู… sport forming ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ .. ูˆูŠู†
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:06,300 --> 00:26:10,240
1371
+ ุจุชู‚ุนุฏูˆุงุŸ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ุŸ ุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ุจุฉ ูˆ ุฎุฏู„ูƒ ู…ุนู„ุฌุฉ ูˆ ุฎุฏ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:13,020
1375
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชุฑุจุฉ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุณุฎู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌู‡
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:13,020 --> 00:26:16,720
1379
+ ู…ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจุนุฏ .. ุฎู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฏุช ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงู‚ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:16,720 --> 00:26:19,800
1383
+ ุชุจุฑุฏ ุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ูˆุจ ูˆ ุฒุฑุน ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠุชู„ุน ู…ุนุงูƒ ู‡ูŠุชู„ุน
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:19,800 --> 00:26:23,180
1387
+ ู…ุนุงูƒ sport forming bacteria ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑู‰ ุจุซู„ุซ ุฃู†ูุฑุงุณูŠุณ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:26:23,180 --> 00:26:27,890
1391
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠุชู„ุน ู…ุนุงูƒ ุจุซู„ุซ ู‡ูŠุชู„ุน ู…ุนุงูƒ ุจุซู„ุซุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง .. ุจุฏู†ุง
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:26:27,890 --> 00:26:30,590
1395
+ .. ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง .. ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุฑุญู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:30,590 --> 00:26:34,760
1399
+ concept ุจุชุจุน ุงู„ enrichmentุจู†ุดุฑุญู„ูƒู… ุงูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฒุฑุน
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:41,040
1403
+ ููŠูƒูˆุง ุชููƒูŠุฑ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู†
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:41,040 --> 00:26:44,260
1407
+ ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู„ูุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุท ุฏูˆู† ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุท
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:44,260 --> 00:26:47,840
1411
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€vibrio cholera alkaline pH
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:47,840 --> 00:26:50,940
1415
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูŠุฑุณูŠู†ู‰ enterocolitica love's cold temperature
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:50,940 --> 00:26:54,700
1419
+ ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง can survive heat treatment
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:54,700 --> 00:26:58,500
1423
+ can survive alcohol treatmentููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:58,500 --> 00:27:02,580
1427
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅูŠู‡ ุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:02,580 --> 00:27:05,580
1431
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู†ู‚ุฐ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:05,580 --> 00:27:08,400
1435
+ Campylobacter ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ small size ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ูŠ ุงู…ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:11,380
1439
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง filtration ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ small size ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:27:11,380 --> 00:27:15,260
1443
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ูˆ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงุถุทุฑู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฐ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:27:15,260 --> 00:27:20,770
1447
+ selectively ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏswab
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:27:20,770 --> 00:27:24,290
1451
+ samples, sputum and blood from pulmonary anthrax,
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:27:24,670 --> 00:27:28,730
1455
+ gastric aspirate, feces and stool, and blood for
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:27:28,730 --> 00:27:29,450
1459
+ enteric anthrax
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:27:33,700 --> 00:27:37,700
1463
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood culture
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:37,700 --> 00:27:42,820
1467
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ gram stain ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุดุฑุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:42,820 --> 00:27:45,740
1471
+ ุงู„ุจุงู…ุจูˆ tree like appearance ูˆ ู„ุฃู„ู…ูƒ ุงู„ gram stain
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:45,740 --> 00:27:49,980
1475
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุณุจูˆุฎุด ุงู„ sport ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ sport ู‡ุชุจูŠู† ูƒูŠู
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:49,980 --> 00:27:54,960
1479
+ ู‡ุชุจูŠู†
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:54,960 --> 00:28:00,040
1483
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุดุฆ ู…ุด ู…ุณุจูˆุฎ ูุฑุงุบ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:28:00,040 --> 00:28:00,300
1487
+ ุฌูŠุฏ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:28:03,060 --> 00:28:07,240
1491
+ ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ุฒุง ุณุชุงูŠู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ุฒุง ุณุชุงูŠู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจูŠุจุนุทูŠู†ุง purple
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:10,660
1495
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ lie with red capsule ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ gram ุจุณุชู
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:28:10,660 --> 00:28:13,520
1499
+ ุงูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุดูƒู„ purple ูˆ ุงู„ capsule ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:16,360
1503
+ ุจุนุชู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ red ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ุฒุง ุณุชุงูŠู† ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:28:16,360 --> 00:28:19,540
1507
+ ุฌูŠู…ุฒุง ุณุชุงูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:28:19,540 --> 00:28:23,760
1511
+ ู…ูˆู„ุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุงุน ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:27,080
1515
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง blood film ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ .. ุงูŠุด
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:28:27,080 --> 00:28:30,120
1519
+ .. ุจูŠุด ุจู†ุณุจู‚ูˆุง blood film ุงุญู†ุงุŸ ุฌูŠู…ุฒุง ุณุชุงูŠู† ุงูˆ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:28:30,120 --> 00:28:34,970
1523
+ ุฌูŠู…ุฒุง ุณุชุงูŠู†Animal Inoculation ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:34,970 --> 00:28:39,690
1527
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ facility ู„ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู…ุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:39,690 --> 00:28:45,590
1531
+ ุงู„ culture ุงูˆ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง injection ููŠ ุงู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:45,590 --> 00:28:50,210
1535
+ animalwhen intraperitoneally ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจุทู† by a
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:50,210 --> 00:28:53,830
1539
+ suspension of the test organism suspected bacillus
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:53,830 --> 00:28:58,210
1543
+ anthracis culture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุจู‡ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:28:58,210 --> 00:29:03,690
1547
+ bacillus anthracis the animal dies within 48 to 96
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:29:03,690 --> 00:29:09,170
1551
+ hours ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุช ู…ุญุชุฑ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ 48 ุฅู„ู‰ 96 ุณุงุนุฉ due
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:29:09,170 --> 00:29:15,210
1555
+ to respiratory failureุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุงูˆ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:29:15,210 --> 00:29:19,390
1559
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฏู… ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ large
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:29:19,390 --> 00:29:23,110
1563
+ number of cell life ููŠ ุงู„ blood ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:29:23,110 --> 00:29:26,350
1567
+ bacteria ุงู„ ultimate site ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู…
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:29:28,990 --> 00:29:33,170
1571
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชุดุฑุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:29:33,170 --> 00:29:36,470
1575
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุณุน ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ุฌุฏุงุด ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุณู„ุณุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:29:36,470 --> 00:29:40,970
1579
+ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ broth ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ broth ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:29:40,970 --> 00:29:45,670
1583
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุตู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุงู„ุน ู„ุญุธู‡ ุงู„ุจุตู„ุงูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:29:45,670 --> 00:29:50,490
1587
+ ุฏุจู„ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชุงู† ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชุงู† ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠ large
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:50,490 --> 00:29:54,210
1591
+ ุจุตู„ุงูŠูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:54,210 --> 00:29:58,130
1595
+ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ bus ุณู„ุฒ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:29:58,130 --> 00:30:02,110
1599
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠูƒ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:30:02,110 --> 00:30:06,850
1603
+ ุตุญุŸ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุฏุงุด ุงู„ุญุฌุจ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุทูˆู„ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:30:06,850 --> 00:30:11,130
1607
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฌุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ ..
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:30:11,130 --> 00:30:14,970
1611
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bus ุณู„ุฒ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:30:18,940 --> 00:30:22,000
1615
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:25,260
1619
+ ุดุงูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุตุจุน ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:30:25,260 --> 00:30:28,540
1623
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู„ู€ Spores ุฃูˆ ู„ู€ Free Spores ู…ู† ู…ู† Spore
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:30:28,540 --> 00:30:33,180
1627
+ Staining Film ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Mixture ุทุจุนุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:30:33,180 --> 00:30:35,800
1631
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:38,440
1635
+ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ Spore Stain
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:30:38,440 --> 00:30:41,940
1639
+ ูƒุงู† Malachite Green ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ Counter Stain
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:30:41,940 --> 00:30:47,210
1643
+ ูƒุงู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ ..Carb of Oxygen ุฃูˆ ุณูุฑุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:47,210 --> 00:30:51,230
1647
+ ุงูˆ ู„ุงุŸ ุณูุฑุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sport
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:51,230 --> 00:30:54,890
1651
+ ุชุณุจู‚ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุณุจู‚ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:54,890 --> 00:30:57,690
1655
+ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงู†ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ูˆู†
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:57,690 --> 00:31:02,090
1659
+ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุบุงู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุน
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:31:02,090 --> 00:31:02,590
1663
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุจ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:31:05,390 --> 00:31:08,250
1667
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:31:08,250 --> 00:31:11,730
1671
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉุŸ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจุงุตูŠู„ูˆุณ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:31:11,730 --> 00:31:14,750
1675
+ ุฃู†ุชุฑุงุณูŠุฒ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:31:14,750 --> 00:31:20,630
1679
+ ูˆุณู…ุนุชู‡ุง ุณูŠุฆุฉ ูˆุดูู†ู‘ุช ุญุฑูˆุจ ู†ุนู… ุดูู†ู‘ุช ุญุฑูˆุจ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:31:20,630 --> 00:31:25,590
1683
+ ุงูˆ ุจุญุฌุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงูŠ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู…ู†
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:31:25,590 --> 00:31:28,850
1687
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณุชู‡ู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุจู„ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:31:28,850 --> 00:31:31,810
1691
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุชุฑู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุชู†ู…ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:31:31,810 --> 00:31:43,230
1695
+ agarู†ุงู† ู…ูˆุชุงุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุงู† ู‡ูŠู…ูˆู„ูŠุชูƒ ูƒู†ุงู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:31:43,230 --> 00:31:45,430
1699
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆู„ูŠุชูƒ ููƒุงู† ุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุญุต ุงู„ gelatin
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:31:45,430 --> 00:31:50,550
1703
+ liquefaction test ููƒุงู† ุงู„ tube method ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:31:50,550 --> 00:31:53,610
1707
+ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ AVI ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠูˆู… negative after seven
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:31:53,610 --> 00:31:59,810
1711
+ days negative after seven daysุงู„ุงู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ู…ู…ูŠุฒ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:31:59,810 --> 00:32:02,850
1715
+ ููŠู‡ ุชูŠูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุชุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุชูŠูˆุจ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:32:02,850 --> 00:32:06,010
1719
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Bacillus anthracis ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:32:06,010 --> 00:32:10,950
1723
+ .. ู‡ุฑุณู…ู‡ุง inverted pine tree ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงู„ inverted pine
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:32:10,950 --> 00:32:15,230
1727
+ treeุŸ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ ุชูŠูˆุจ ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ gelatin dips ุงุญู†ุง
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:32:15,230 --> 00:32:21,510
1731
+ ุฒุฑุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ stop ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุณุจุน ุฃูŠุงู…
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:32:21,510 --> 00:32:24,650
1735
+ ุงุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ gelatin ุงู„ liquefaction
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:32:24,650 --> 00:32:29,900
1739
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง negativeูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:32:29,900 --> 00:32:34,120
1743
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:38,940
1747
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุจุฐูƒุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏู‰ ุฃู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฑุณู… ุดุฌุฑุฉ pine
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:32:38,940 --> 00:32:44,620
1751
+ ุจุฑุณู…ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏู‰ุŸ ุดุฌุฑุฉ ุตุฑูˆุจ pine tree ู‡ุฏุงุด
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:32:44,620 --> 00:32:50,000
1755
+ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฌู„ูˆุจุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง inverted pine tree ู‡ุฏู‰
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:52,880
1759
+ characteristic ู…ู† ุงู„ characteristics ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:57,240
1763
+ ุงู„ identificationNitrate reduction test positive,
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:32:57,380 --> 00:33:00,400
1767
+ starch hydrolysis test positive ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู„ู€
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:33:00,400 --> 00:33:05,960
1771
+ starch hydrolysis ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงุณ can produce
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:09,200
1775
+ starch hydrolysis test ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุตูุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:33:09,200 --> 00:33:13,120
1779
+ Voskosproskauer test positive sensitivity to
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:17,440
1783
+ penicillin it is sensitive ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 17 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:20,780
1787
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆูŠุนุชุจุฑ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:33:20,780 --> 00:33:25,550
1791
+ confirmatory test ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ูู‡ูŠุด typingุŸู„ู…ู†
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:33:25,550 --> 00:33:28,710
1795
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:33:28,710 --> 00:33:33,630
1799
+ ุญุฒุฑ ุงุณุชููŠู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ูŠุงู„ุง ููŠู‡ ุงูุชุฑุงุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู†ุชูŠู†
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:33:33,630 --> 00:33:37,510
1803
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุณุชููŠู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ูุงุด typing
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:33:37,510 --> 00:33:42,010
1807
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู„ string ููŠู‡ ูุงุด type ู…ุนูŠู†
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:33:42,010 --> 00:33:47,550
1811
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ูุงุด ุงุณู…ู‡ gamma fash ู‡ุฐุง ุฎุตูŠุตุง ู„ุญุถุฑุฉ ู…ูŠู†
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:33:47,550 --> 00:33:51,130
1815
+ ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุฉ's anthracis ูู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ career agent
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:33:51,130 --> 00:33:52,550
1819
+ ูˆูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ suspected
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:33:56,140 --> 00:33:59,980
1823
+ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ suspected ู…ุด ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ suspectedุŒ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุงุฒู…
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:33:59,980 --> 00:34:03,560
1827
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃุตูุงุชู‡ุง suspectedุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ, ground posted ุจุณ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:10,820
1831
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†, sport, formingุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ, non-hemolyticุŒ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:34:10,820 --> 00:34:14,100
1835
+ ุฃุฑุจุน, non-motileุŒ ุฅูŠู‡ ุชุฎูุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุตูุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:34:14,100 --> 00:34:19,410
1839
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸGamma Fage ูˆูƒูŠู ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูุญุต ู†ูุณ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:34:19,410 --> 00:34:23,370
1843
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ ู„ู€ Staphylococcus ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ swap
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:34:23,370 --> 00:34:29,590
1847
+ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ู…ุณุญู‡ุง ู…ุณุญ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:34:29,590 --> 00:34:31,670
1851
+ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:34:31,670 --> 00:34:36,210
1855
+ nutrient ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ nutrient ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:34:36,210 --> 00:34:42,030
1859
+ gamma fage disk ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง zone of
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:34:42,030 --> 00:34:47,330
1863
+ clearanceZone of clearance as a result of Fage
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:34:55,860 --> 00:34:59,840
1867
+ ูุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† sensitive ู„ู„ูุงุฌ ูˆู…ุง
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:34:59,840 --> 00:35:02,800
1871
+ ุงู† ุงู„ูุงุฌ ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑูู‡ ุฌุงู…ุนู‡ ูุงุฌ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:06,020
1875
+ Bacillus anthracis ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ Bacillus anthracis ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:35:06,020 --> 00:35:11,700
1879
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนู‡ ูุงุฌ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ confirmatory test ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุน ูˆุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:35:11,700 --> 00:35:14,540
1883
+ ู„ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Bacillus anthracis
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:35:17,090 --> 00:35:20,610
1887
+ ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ุชู„ุนุจู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ black ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ู†ุง ุดุจุงุจ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:35:20,610 --> 00:35:26,170
1891
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญู„ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:35:26,170 --> 00:35:30,310
1895
+ ุตุงุฑ lysis ูˆูŠู† ุงุฎุชูุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูŠู† ุฑุงุญุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:35:30,310 --> 00:35:33,410
1899
+ ุงุชุญู„ู„ุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ูุงุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:35:33,410 --> 00:35:37,510
1903
+ ูˆุถุนุชู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุญุท ุจุดูƒู„ ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู…ุด
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:35:37,510 --> 00:35:43,590
1907
+ ุจุดูƒู„ disk ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ drop ุดูˆููˆุง
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:35:43,590 --> 00:35:48,560
1911
+ ุงู„ size ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงSizeุŒ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุงุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:35:48,560 --> 00:35:52,520
1915
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑุŒ ู†ู…ูˆ ู…ุฎูŠูุŒ ูˆุฏู„ู‡ุง ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุงุช ุถุฎู…ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:56,140
1919
+ bacteria can be cultivated easilyุŒ ู…ุงุจุฏู‡ุงุด ุฃูŠ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:35:56,140 --> 00:36:00,400
1923
+ ุตุนูˆุจุงุชุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:36:00,400 --> 00:36:04,460
1927
+ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุนู† ุงู„ุฅุฑู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู‡ูˆ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:36:04,460 --> 00:36:10,980
1931
+ ุญุฑุจ ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉุŒ ุชู… ุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:36:10,980 --> 00:36:15,860
1935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุณู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅุฑุณุงู„
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:36:15,860 --> 00:36:20,510
1939
+ ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ู…ู„ุบู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณู…ูˆุทู† ุฒุคุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:36:20,510 --> 00:36:24,410
1943
+ ุฌู…ุฑุฉ ุฎุจูŠุชู‡ุง ุณู…ูŠุช ุงู„ุนุฑุจ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:36:24,410 --> 00:36:31,410
1947
+ ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ุณู…ูŠุช ุฌู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง 98% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุดูƒู„
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:36:31,410 --> 00:36:37,990
1951
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุญุฑู‚ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ skin disease ุงู„ุนุฑุจ ุณู…ุชู‡
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:36:37,990 --> 00:36:43,870
1955
+ ุฌู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงูุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:36:43,870 --> 00:36:51,630
1959
+ ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆุน ุงู„ุญูˆุงูุฃุญู…ุฑ .. ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃุญู…ุฑุŸ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:36:51,630 --> 00:36:55,570
1963
+ fleshุŒ ุงู„ู„ุญู…ุŒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู†ุณูŠุด ุชุจุนู†ุง ูˆ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:36:55,570 --> 00:36:58,750
1967
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ููŠู‡ necrosis ูˆ ุงู„ necrosis ุจูƒู„ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:36:58,750 --> 00:37:02,650
1971
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ู†ุธุฑุช ู„ู„ุฌู…ุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฑุฉ ุณูˆุฏุงุก
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:37:02,650 --> 00:37:08,060
1975
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ูˆ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูƒุดุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูˆุณู…ูŠุช
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:37:08,060 --> 00:37:13,160
1979
+ ุฎุจูŠุซุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุธู‡ุฑุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุชู‚ุชู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†ุŒ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:37:13,160 --> 00:37:15,740
1983
+ ูุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฎุจูŠุซุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ disease
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:37:15,740 --> 00:37:21,080
1987
+ ู‚ุงุชู„ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‚ุงุชู„ุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ูŠูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุถุฏ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:37:21,080 --> 00:37:25,820
1991
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูŠุชุจุน ุฌุฑูŠู…ุฉ ูƒุจุฑู‰ูˆ one tube .. one
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:37:25,820 --> 00:37:30,220
1995
+ tube of Bacillus anthracis ู„ุดุฎุต ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:37:30,220 --> 00:37:33,520
1999
+ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทู…ุงู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฌูŠุฒุฉ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:37:33,520 --> 00:37:37,120
2003
+ ุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:37:37,120 --> 00:37:39,280
2007
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Bacillus anthracis ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ other
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:37:39,280 --> 00:37:43,480
2011
+ Bacilli ูŠุงุฑู‰ ุชุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ููŠู‡ู… ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญูุธู†ุง .. ุจุณ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:37:43,480 --> 00:37:45,940
2015
+ ู†ุญูุธ ุงู„ characteristics ูˆ ู†ุญูุธ ุฃู† ุงู„ Bacillus
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:37:45,940 --> 00:37:48,940
2019
+ anthracis ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ negatives ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ other
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:37:48,940 --> 00:37:51,740
2023
+ Bacillus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง Bacillus serious ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:37:51,740 --> 00:37:56,300
2027
+ positiveGrowth on PEA ูˆุงู„ู€ PEA ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ููŠู†ุงู„
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:37:56,300 --> 00:38:00,620
2031
+ ุฅูŠุซุงูŠู„ ุฃู„ูƒูˆู‡ูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ brain heart infusion ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุทุจู‚
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:38:00,860 --> 00:38:03,560
2035
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ brain-heart infusion ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู…ุถุงุนู ุฅู„ู‡ ููŠู†ุงู„
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:38:03,560 --> 00:38:06,360
2039
+ ุฅูŠุซุงู„ ุฃู„ูƒู‡ูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุงุนุฑู ุชุฌุงุฑ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:38:06,360 --> 00:38:09,960
2043
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุชุฌุงุฑ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงู„ุณูŠู†
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:38:09,960 --> 00:38:13,600
2047
+ ููŠุฑู…ูŠู†ุชูŠุดู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู‡ุงูŠุฏุฑูŠุช ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:18,040
2051
+ ุจูˆุณุชูŠู ู…ูˆุชูŠู„ุชูŠ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆ usual ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุจูˆุณุชูŠู
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:38:18,040 --> 00:38:21,840
2055
+ hemolysis on sheep blood ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฏู‡
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:38:21,840 --> 00:38:25,200
2059
+ ุจูˆุณุชูŠู ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฏูˆู„
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:32,410
2063
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุดูƒู„ุช ูˆู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ุฃู†ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ gamma
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:38:32,410 --> 00:38:35,630
2067
+ phage ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„ presumptive diagnosis ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:38:35,630 --> 00:38:39,190
2071
+ presumptive diagnosis ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:38:39,190 --> 00:38:44,350
2075
+ Bacillus anthracis ุงู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุชู„ุช ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:38:44,350 --> 00:38:48,510
2079
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ูƒุชุงู†ูŠูˆุณ ูˆ enteric ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intestinal ูˆ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:38:48,510 --> 00:38:52,050
2083
+ ุงู„ intestinal ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุฃูˆ ู†ุงุฌู… ุนู† ู†ุงุฌู…
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:38:52,050 --> 00:38:59,390
2087
+ ุนู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุทุนุงู… .. ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุทุนุงู… ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุถุฌุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:38:59,390 --> 00:39:03,390
2091
+ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ู…ู„ูˆุซ ุจุงู„ู€ sporesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุญู… ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:39:03,390 --> 00:39:09,090
2095
+ ุจุงู„ู€ anthrax ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุถ ู†ุงุฏุฑ ู„ูƒู† fatalุŒ fatal ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:39:09,090 --> 00:39:14,300
2099
+ ู‚ุงุชู„ุŒ ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… fatalุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ู… fatalุงู„ูƒุชุงู†ูŠูˆุณ ุฃู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:39:14,300 --> 00:39:19,220
2103
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุฌุงุฏุด ู„ู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ 98% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‡ูŠ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:39:19,220 --> 00:39:23,200
2107
+ ูƒุชุงู†ูŠูˆุณ ุฃู†ุชุฑุงูƒุณ ูˆุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุชุจุน
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:28,180
2111
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ุจุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:39:28,180 --> 00:39:34,090
2115
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุฏู‰painless ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ุจุฃู„ู… ูˆู‡ู†ุง
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:39:34,090 --> 00:39:39,070
2119
+ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฎุจุซ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุชู‚ุชู„ ุตุงุญุจุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุนุฏุฉ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:39:39,070 --> 00:39:41,930
2123
+ ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ palmonary anthrax ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:39:41,930 --> 00:39:44,630
2127
+ ุนู†ู‡ wool sorter disease
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:39:49,680 --> 00:39:55,580
2131
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุณุชูˆู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:39:55,580 --> 00:39:59,060
2135
+ ูƒุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠู‡ pink ุงูˆ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:39:59,060 --> 00:40:08,480
2139
+ red ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:40:08,480 --> 00:40:12,020
2143
+ ุจูŠูˆุฑูŠู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุตู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ lung
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:40:12,020 --> 00:40:15,220
2147
+ tissue ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ palmonary anthrax
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:40:19,720 --> 00:40:24,200
2151
+ ู„ุฃ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ anthrax ุฅุฐุง .. ุฅุฐุง
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:40:24,200 --> 00:40:27,560
2155
+ ูุงูƒุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:40:27,560 --> 00:40:31,140
2159
+ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุฃู„ู‡ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:40:31,140 --> 00:40:35,280
2163
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ .. ู…ู†
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:40:35,280 --> 00:40:39,240
2167
+ ุซู„ุงุซ ู‚ุทุน ุฅุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ protective antigen ูˆ ุงู„
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:40:39,240 --> 00:40:43,520
2171
+ edema factor ุตุญุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ lethal
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:40:47,820 --> 00:40:51,860
2175
+ Lethal factor ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ protective
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:40:51,860 --> 00:40:55,600
2179
+ antigen ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ ุงู„ P-fragment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุงู„
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:40:55,600 --> 00:40:59,880
2183
+ binding ูู„ูˆ ุงุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ lethal factor ุจุงู„ P ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุชู‡
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:40:59,880 --> 00:41:02,860
2187
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ lethal ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู† ุงู„ุงุฏูŠู…ุฉ factor ุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุงู…
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:41:02,860 --> 00:41:06,380
2191
+ ุงู„ุงุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงูƒุฒูˆุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู…ุด ุนู†
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:41:06,380 --> 00:41:07,320
2195
+ ุงู†ุฏูˆุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:41:11,290 --> 00:41:14,570
2199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูˆุฑูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ infected meat ุงูˆ
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:41:14,570 --> 00:41:18,750
2203
+ meat ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุงุช meat ู…ู† ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:41:18,750 --> 00:41:21,630
2207
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ meat ู„ู… ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู‚ุชู„
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:41:21,630 --> 00:41:24,430
2211
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู†ุง gastro intestinal anthrax
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:41:24,430 --> 00:41:33,210
2215
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ .. ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ุชุญุชูˆูŠ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:41:33,210 --> 00:41:36,810
2219
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุฃูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุฌูˆุฑุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:41:36,810 --> 00:41:41,450
2223
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุทุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู‚ูŠู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ู…ู†
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:41:41,450 --> 00:41:45,190
2227
+ ู†ูˆุน ุฎุงุตุŒ ู…ู†ูุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู…ู†ูุน ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุฏุฑุงุณู†ุง
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:41:45,190 --> 00:41:48,750
2231
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎุงุตุŸ ุฅู†
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:41:48,750 --> 00:41:51,910
2235
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† polysaccharideุŒ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:57,510
2239
+ ู…ู† polypeptideุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:41:57,510 --> 00:42:04,490
2243
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† polypeptide capsuleุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:42:04,490 --> 00:42:07,610
2247
+ polysaccharides somatic antigen ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง complex
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:42:07,610 --> 00:42:10,490
2251
+ protein-toxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:42:10,490 --> 00:42:15,670
2255
+ PA ูˆููŠ ุงู„ treatment ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† penicillin is a drug
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:42:15,670 --> 00:42:20,530
2259
+ of choice ุจุณ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:42:20,530 --> 00:42:25,570
2263
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ .. ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ drugs
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:42:25,570 --> 00:42:28,970
2267
+ ุจูŠุณุจุฑูˆูู„ูˆูƒุณุง
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:42:30,310 --> 00:42:32,690
2271
+ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ูˆ step ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุถูŠููˆู‡ ุฅุถุงูุฉ
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:42:32,690 --> 00:42:36,890
2275
+ Siprofloxacin ูƒุงู„ุขู† modern drug used for this
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:42:36,890 --> 00:42:44,210
2279
+ organism ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ drug of choice ุจุณ
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:42:44,210 --> 00:42:46,850
2283
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุง ู…ุนุฑูู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒุจุฏูŠู„ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:42:46,850 --> 00:42:50,330
2287
+ ู…ุนุงู†ุง Siprofloxacin ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุจุณ confusion
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:42:50,330 --> 00:42:56,110
2291
+ ุทู„ุนู„ูŠ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:42:56,110 --> 00:42:59,170
2295
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฎุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:43:01,110 --> 00:43:03,810
2299
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ protective antigen ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:43:03,810 --> 00:43:08,750
2303
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู‰ ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุชูˆ ู„ุชูˆ mechanisms ุงู†ู‡
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:43:08,750 --> 00:43:11,350
2307
+ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ edema factor ุงูˆ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ lethal
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:43:11,350 --> 00:43:16,430
2311
+ factor ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ู…ู†ุชุฌ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:43:16,430 --> 00:43:20,570
2315
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ edema factor ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ุนุงู‡
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:43:20,570 --> 00:43:24,690
2319
+ lethal factor ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏู‰ ุงู„ effect ุชุจุนู‡
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:43:24,690 --> 00:43:27,570
2323
+ ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง adenylate cyclase enzyme
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:43:27,570 --> 00:43:32,510
2327
+ cycle KMP ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ edema factorู‡ุฐู‡
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:43:32,510 --> 00:43:36,890
2331
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:43:36,890 --> 00:43:41,210
2335
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน anthrax attack ุดูˆู ุงู„ safety ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:43:41,210 --> 00:43:46,110
2339
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ level ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุงุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ maximum
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:43:46,110 --> 00:43:48,870
2343
+ level of biological safety ุงู„ maximum level ู‡ูˆ
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:43:48,870 --> 00:43:52,970
2347
+ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู…ุงุฑุณ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:43:52,970 --> 00:43:54,670
2351
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ anthrax
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:43:57,780 --> 00:44:00,340
2355
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ูˆ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:44:00,340 --> 00:44:04,400
2359
+ ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุฉ serious ูˆ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ .. ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:44:04,400 --> 00:44:05,600
2363
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ closism ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
2364
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/SOGT4PUCJGQ_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1572 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:22,460 --> 00:00:25,620
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑุง ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,620 --> 00:00:27,660
7
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุชู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,660 --> 00:00:32,380
11
+ prostridium ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงุณู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุช ุงุณู…ุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:32,380 --> 00:00:35,640
15
+ prostridium ุงู„ prostridium septicum ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,640 --> 00:00:40,280
19
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฑุงุญู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุจูŠุด ุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู„ุญุงุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:40,280 --> 00:00:44,260
23
+ ุงู„ prostridium perpendrum ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฑู†ุง ุงู„ disease ุงู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:44,260 --> 00:00:47,920
27
+ disease ู‡ูˆ ุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ prostridium myocardiumูˆู„ูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:51,400
31
+ ุชุฑุฌุนูƒูˆุง ู„ุฑู‚ุตูŠูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุญุจู†ุงู‡ ูƒู…ู‡ู…ู‡ุง Gas,
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:51,500 --> 00:00:54,280
35
+ Cangreen ูˆBang ูˆSin ู…ุง ูŠูˆุถุญูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:59,000
39
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ terminology ุงู„ุจุงุชูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฑุน
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:02,920
43
+ ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ูˆูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฐู†ุจ ูˆู…ุชุงุฑูŠู‡ุง ูˆุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,920 --> 00:01:06,820
47
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ูˆู…ุชุงุฑูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ generalized ุฏู‡ ุงู„ generalized
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,820 --> 00:01:10,020
51
+ infections ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,020 --> 00:01:13,980
55
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… treatment transplant
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,980 --> 00:01:17,520
59
+ ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ immunosuppression talentุฃูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:20,800
63
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… cancer of the immunotherapyุŒ ู‡ุฐุงู† ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:23,980
67
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„insulin ุจูŠูƒูˆู† depressed
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,980 --> 00:01:27,060
71
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุนู…ู„ ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง generalize
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:27,060 --> 00:01:30,400
75
+ ุงู„infection ุงู„bistridium difficile ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ููŠู‡ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:34,280
79
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„bistridium ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:38,780
83
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู„ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ nosocomial
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:38,780 --> 00:01:40,680
87
+ infection
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:45,690 --> 00:01:49,830
91
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Antibiotic-induced diseases ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,830 --> 00:01:53,450
95
+ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุฏุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุฏุณ ูŠููุชุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‡
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:53,450 --> 00:01:57,270
99
+ ูŠุนุงุฑู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุชู†ุงูˆู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:57,270 --> 00:02:01,410
103
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุฏุณ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ pseudomebrania colitis ู‡ูˆ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:01,410 --> 00:02:05,850
107
+ ุณู…ูŠุช antibiotic-induced pseudomebrania colitis
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,850 --> 00:02:12,290
111
+ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุจุณุจุจ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฅู…ุง for the
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,290 --> 00:02:15,280
115
+ long periodุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… broad growth spectrum
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:19,360
119
+ antibiotic ูƒุฅู†ุชุฌุฉ treatment ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:21,860
123
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ูƒุงู†ุชู‡ุง
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:21,860 --> 00:02:25,580
127
+ proliferation from sensing antitoxin A ูˆ Antitoxin
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:25,580 --> 00:02:29,240
131
+ B ูˆุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ disease ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ูู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู…ุงุฑุฉ antibiotic
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:34,860
135
+ -induced pseudoviraneous proteins Clostridium
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:34,860 --> 00:02:38,240
139
+ difficile ุฌูˆู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† normal flora of the
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:44,340
143
+ gastrointestinal tractุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:44,340 --> 00:02:47,660
147
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:47,660 --> 00:02:51,700
151
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง survey ููŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:51,700 --> 00:02:54,020
155
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู‚ุฏ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:54,020 --> 00:02:57,500
159
+ ุชุตู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒ normal microbiota ู„ูƒู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:59,130 --> 00:03:03,110
163
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจู‡ ุฏู‡ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุชูŠู†ุŒ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:03,110 --> 00:03:07,330
167
+ cause of nosocomial diarrhea ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† antibiotic
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:07,330 --> 00:03:12,570
171
+ produced induced pseudomonas colitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:12,570 --> 00:03:15,690
175
+ ุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงูˆ ูƒุงู† ุณุจุจ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒู†ุง ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:15,690 --> 00:03:21,380
179
+ antibioticsุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ Clindamycin
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:21,380 --> 00:03:24,400
183
+ Antibiotic ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antibiotic ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:28,260
187
+ ุชู†ุงู‚ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุตุงุจุชู‡ ุจ Sodium
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:28,260 --> 00:03:31,940
191
+ Brionucleitis ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:31,940 --> 00:03:35,720
195
+ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ antibiotic ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุทูŠุช ู„ูุชุฑุงุช
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:35,720 --> 00:03:38,540
199
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุจุจ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:41,060 --> 00:03:43,600
203
+ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ two types of toxinุŒ toxin A ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:43,600 --> 00:03:45,500
207
+ enterotoxinุŒ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† enterotoxin ูŠุนู†ูŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:45,500 --> 00:03:49,140
211
+ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ intestinal tractุŒ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:49,140 --> 00:03:52,660
215
+ toxin B ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cytotoxinุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ cytotoxin ู‡ุฐุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:52,660 --> 00:03:56,360
219
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ tissue damage ุฃูˆ cell damage ุงู„ disease
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:56,360 --> 00:04:00,360
223
+ occurs if the organism proliferates to a numberุŒ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:02,720
227
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ quorum
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:05,760
231
+ sensingุŒ ุฅู† ุงู„ number ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุงู„ quorum
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:10,610
235
+ sensing ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณ ู„ูƒู„ gramูุฅุฐุง ูˆุตู„ ุฑู‚ู…ู‡ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:15,130
239
+ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู† A ูˆ ุชูƒุณูŠู† B ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:15,130 --> 00:04:18,890
243
+ detection method ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅุฐุง ุนุฒู„ุชู‡ุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:18,890 --> 00:04:22,680
247
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ stool ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุฆุงุŸุทุจ ู‡ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:22,680 --> 00:04:26,740
251
+ normal flora ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู„ุฌุฃุช ุชูƒุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:26,740 --> 00:04:30,240
255
+ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุตู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ large
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:34,060
259
+ numbers ุงู„ู‰ large numbers ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:34,060 --> 00:04:37,900
263
+ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจูƒู„ ุงู…ุงู†ุฉ ูˆุฏู‚ุฉ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:37,900 --> 00:04:40,900
267
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจ antibiotic induced pseudo brain
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:40,900 --> 00:04:44,600
271
+ scolitis ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ detection ู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† A ูˆ ุชูƒุณูŠู† B
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:44,600 --> 00:04:48,260
275
+ ูˆู…ุชูˆูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ู…ุด
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:48,260 --> 00:04:52,040
279
+ ู…ุชูˆูุฑุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ .. ู„ุบู„ุท ุงู„ research ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ุจุนุถ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:52,040 --> 00:04:56,700
283
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† carotene test ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ุนู„ู‰
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:56,700 --> 00:04:59,680
287
+ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bacteria number one
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:59,680 --> 00:05:02,100
291
+ cause of nosocomial diarrhea ูุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:02,100 --> 00:05:04,320
295
+ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ carotene test
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:07,170 --> 00:05:10,790
299
+ Eclostridium novi A ูˆB ุฌูู† ุนู†ู‡ู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุดุจู‡ูˆุง ุงู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:10,790 --> 00:05:14,970
303
+ Eclostridium septicum ูˆูƒู„ุง ู‡ู…ุง ุจูŠุดุจู‡ูˆุง ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:14,970 --> 00:05:18,630
307
+ Eclostridium perifringens ูˆู„ู… ุชุนุฒู„ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฅู„ุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:18,630 --> 00:05:21,310
311
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ myonecrosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูู† ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฌุงุฒ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:21,310 --> 00:05:25,690
315
+ ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู† type B ู„ู… ูŠุนุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุตุงุญุจ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:25,690 --> 00:05:29,430
319
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงู ูŠุนู†ูŠ animal disease ูˆู„ูŠุณ human disease
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:29,430 --> 00:05:33,070
323
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง type A ูŠุนุฒู„ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:33,070 --> 00:05:34,690
327
+ myonecrosis
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:36,840 --> 00:05:41,520
331
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:44,940
335
+ ุงู„ isolation and identification of clostridium ูƒูŠู
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:44,940 --> 00:05:50,720
339
+ ูŠุชู… ุนุฒู„ ุงู„ clostridium ูˆ ูƒูŠู ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงู†ุฑุฌุน
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:54,320
343
+ ู„ู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุฑุณู…
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:58,620
347
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ sterile ูˆnon-sterile ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:05:58,620 --> 00:06:02,080
351
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุฒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง sterile ูู‡ูŠ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูˆุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:05,520
355
+ blood culture ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ blood culture bottle
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:10,660
359
+ under CO2 ุชุญุช ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:10,660 --> 00:06:14,480
363
+ subculture ุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ 48 ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ repeatedly
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:17,980
367
+ until it produces positive or negative results
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:18,660 --> 00:06:21,200
371
+ ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ subculture ุนู„ู‰ blood agar
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:24,280
375
+ plates ูˆ ุงู„ blood agar plates ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุญุถู†ู‡ุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:24,280 --> 00:06:28,720
379
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุธุฑูˆู ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:33,120
383
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ blood
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:37,260
387
+ agar under anaerobic condition ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:37,260 --> 00:06:41,020
391
+ .. ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:41,020 --> 00:06:46,080
395
+ sterile source ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏู…ุด
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:50,200
399
+ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒูŠู ุณู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:50,200 --> 00:06:53,580
403
+ ุงู…ุฑุชุนุจ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ non
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:06:53,580 --> 00:06:56,620
407
+ -sterile non-sterile specimen ุฒูŠ ุงู„ wounds ุงูˆ ุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:06:56,620 --> 00:07:00,820
411
+ tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ stool whatsoever ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:00,820 --> 00:07:05,090
415
+ sterileูƒูŠู ูŠุชู… ุนุฒู„ุฉุŸ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:05,090 --> 00:07:09,390
419
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุตู„ุต two techniques ุงู„ heat treatment
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:09,390 --> 00:07:13,050
423
+ technique ูˆุงู„ alcohol treatment technique ุงู„ heat
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:13,050 --> 00:07:18,310
427
+ treatment ุจู†ุณุฎู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ 80 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 10
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:18,310 --> 00:07:21,970
431
+ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ุณุชู…ูˆุช ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ spore
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:21,970 --> 00:07:26,540
435
+ forming ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:26,540 --> 00:07:29,140
439
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ end product ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ูˆ ุจุฃุฒุฑุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:29,140 --> 00:07:32,400
443
+ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ incubation ู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:32,400 --> 00:07:36,920
447
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆ Bacillus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:36,920 --> 00:07:40,660
451
+ ุงู„ููƒูˆู„ุชูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:40,660 --> 00:07:44,600
455
+ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ differentiation ุจูŠู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:47,920
459
+ ุงู„ Bacillus ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Eclostridium ูˆ ุจ simple test
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:47,920 --> 00:07:51,100
463
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุญุต ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ test ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:51,100 --> 00:07:55,260
467
+ ุณุงุจู‚ุงู„ุฃู† ุงู„ alcohol treatment ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:55,260 --> 00:08:02,580
471
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู†ุง ู„ู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ู…ุด ุจ 70% ุงู†ู…ุง ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ 50% ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:02,580 --> 00:08:07,280
475
+ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 50%
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:13,240
479
+ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ 50%ุŸ ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:18,060
483
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ Spore Formุฉ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุจูŠูุถู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:18,060 --> 00:08:20,220
487
+ ุงู„ Heat Treatment ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠูุถู„ ุงู„ Alcohol
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:20,220 --> 00:08:24,800
491
+ Treatment ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฒุงูŠุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ุจุชุนุทูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:28,120
495
+ ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน Clostridium ุฅู† ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:32,770
499
+ ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุด ููŠู‡ Spore ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ Spore RelationูŠุนู†ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:32,770 --> 00:08:37,770
503
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎููŠู ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุชู…ุงู… ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:37,770 --> 00:08:42,650
507
+ vegetative cell ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูƒูˆู† sport
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:42,650 --> 00:08:48,040
511
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูˆูุฑู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชุดูƒู„ ุตุฏู…ุฉู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:48,040 --> 00:08:52,100
515
+ ุชู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† sport ูู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุฌูˆ ูู‚ุท ุงู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:52,100 --> 00:08:56,480
519
+ sports ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŸ ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:56,480 --> 00:08:59,460
523
+ ู…ุชุจุนุงุช ูˆู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:59,460 --> 00:09:02,720
527
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃุญุณู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:06,030
531
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ูƒ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:06,030 --> 00:09:08,930
535
+ selective media ู„ู„ุฅูƒู„ุงุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุงุณุท ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุงุณู…ู‡
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:08,930 --> 00:09:12,370
539
+ Neomycin egg yolk agar ุงู„ egg yolk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตูุงุฑ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:12,370 --> 00:09:16,750
543
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุฃุถุงูู†ุงู‡ุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:16,750 --> 00:09:20,630
547
+ ุตูุงุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ phospholipid ูˆุชุญุชูˆูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:20,630 --> 00:09:25,000
551
+ ุนู„ู‰ proteins ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ูˆ vitaminsูˆ ูŠุถุงู ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:29,380
555
+ antibiotic neomycin ู„ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ selective ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ egg
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:29,380 --> 00:09:34,660
559
+ yolk ุฃุถูŠู ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุบู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ lipids ุฃูˆ ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:34,660 --> 00:09:37,740
563
+ phospholipids ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ vitamins ูˆ other
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:37,740 --> 00:09:44,220
567
+ compounds ูˆ ุงู„ neomycin ุฃุถูŠู ุญุชู‰ ูŠูˆูุฑ .. ูŠูˆูุฑ ุงูŠุดุŸ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:44,220 --> 00:09:49,340
571
+ selective environment ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงูˆุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏู†ุง ..
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:49,340 --> 00:09:52,000
575
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Clostridium ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,680
579
+ Swarming ูˆุงู„ู€ Swarming ุตูุฉ ู„ู… ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:54,680 --> 00:09:59,540
583
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู„ู€ Protis ู‡ุงู„ุขู† ููŠู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† Microbe ุขุฎุฑ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:59,540 --> 00:10:02,960
587
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Swarming ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Clostridia ุฅุฐุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:02,960 --> 00:10:07,660
591
+ ุฃุฑุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ Swarming ูู„ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:07,660 --> 00:10:10,120
595
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู…ู† .. ู…ู† .. ู…ุงุฌุฏุชุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:10,120 --> 00:10:13,670
599
+ ุฃุตู„ุงูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ .. ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ..
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:13,670 --> 00:10:17,430
603
+ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุด ุจูŠู†ุตุญู†ุง ู†ุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:17,430 --> 00:10:21,450
607
+ percent agar .. ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆ ูƒูŠู .. ู„ูŠุด .. ู„ูŠุด
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:21,450 --> 00:10:24,770
611
+ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ swarming .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:24,770 --> 00:10:28,510
615
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ .. ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ swarming ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:28,510 --> 00:10:33,570
619
+ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู…ูŠู† .. ู„ู„ู…ูŠู‡ .. ู„ู„ water .. H2O .. ูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:33,570 --> 00:10:39,270
623
+ ุงู„ุณุจุงุญุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุกุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:39,270 --> 00:10:42,610
627
+ Hygroscopic Hygroscopic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูุจูŠู…ุทุต
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:10:42,610 --> 00:10:47,110
631
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูู„ู…ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู†ุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท 4 ุนู„ู‰ 6%
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:10:47,110 --> 00:10:50,850
635
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจูŠู…ุทุต
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:10:50,850 --> 00:10:54,250
639
+ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุณุทุŒ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:10:54,250 --> 00:10:57,790
643
+ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:00,470 --> 00:11:04,410
647
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ุฒุฑุนู†ุง ุงูˆ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:04,410 --> 00:11:08,070
651
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง selective treatment ุฒูŠ heat treatment ูˆ ุฒูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:08,070 --> 00:11:11,230
655
+ alcohol treatment ูˆ ุฒุฑุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ selective media ุนู„ู‰
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:11,230 --> 00:11:15,350
659
+ ุงูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู‚ู… ุจุนู…ู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:20,730
663
+ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุงุฒุฑุน ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:20,730 --> 00:11:25,510
667
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฌูŠูˆูƒ ุงุฌุงุฑ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:26,070 --> 00:11:29,130
671
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุดูŠุจุช 100 ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุนุฑู
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:29,130 --> 00:11:34,590
675
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆุชุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ mediaุงู„ ุฅูŠุฌ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:34,590 --> 00:11:39,290
679
+ ูŠูˆูƒ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุตูุฉ ุงู„ lycetinase ูˆ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:39,290 --> 00:11:44,050
683
+ lypase production ูˆู‡ูŠ ุตูุชูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:11:44,050 --> 00:11:46,830
687
+ ุจูŠู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:11:46,830 --> 00:11:50,070
691
+ lycetinaseุŒ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุงุฑูˆุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุงู„ lycetinaseุŸ ู„ู…ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:11:50,070 --> 00:11:53,710
695
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… perifringens ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:11:53,710 --> 00:11:58,160
699
+ ุงู„ toxins ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง alpha toxinุงู„ู€
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:01,680
703
+ Alpha-Toxin ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู‡ Phospholipase-C ุฃูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:05,220
707
+ ู„ุณูŠุซู†ุงูŠุฒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠุณูŠุซู†ุงูŠุฒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-Toxin ูุงู†ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:05,220 --> 00:12:07,800
711
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุดู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Egg Yolk Agar ุนู„ู‰
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:07,800 --> 00:12:11,460
715
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠุณูŠุซู†ุงูŠุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠุณูŠุซู†ุงูŠุฒ Chopped Meat Broth ุฃูˆ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:11,460 --> 00:12:15,960
719
+ ู…ุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ุญู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:15,960 --> 00:12:18,800
723
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Digestion ูˆู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„Indoor Production
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:23,990
727
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุดุบู„ุฉุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุงุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ gram negative
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:23,990 --> 00:12:29,170
731
+ ุจุณู„ุงูŠ ู„ู… ู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ gram positive ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ูˆู„ุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:29,170 --> 00:12:32,190
735
+ ููŠ ุงู„ gram negative ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠู† ุงุชุทุฑู‚ู†ุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:32,190 --> 00:12:37,010
739
+ gram positive ุจุณู„ุงูŠ ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ ุจุณู„ุงูŠ ู„ gram
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:37,010 --> 00:12:40,770
743
+ negative ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ ุจุณู„ุงูŠ ู„ gram positive ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:12:40,770 --> 00:12:44,390
747
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ุงู† ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:12:44,390 --> 00:12:48,530
751
+ positive ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุชุชุงู†ู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:12:48,530 --> 00:12:54,010
755
+ ุฌูŠุฏุฉุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุฃุฌุงุฑ digestion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:12:54,010 --> 00:12:55,850
759
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ digestion ู„ู„ู…ู„ูƒ ูˆ ู„ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:12:55,850 --> 00:12:58,730
763
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ู„ู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:12:58,730 --> 00:13:02,290
767
+ liquefaction ูˆ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:02,290 --> 00:13:06,010
771
+ carbohydrate fermentation test and sometimes gas
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:06,010 --> 00:13:10,310
775
+ production ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู„ ุชุฎู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆ ู‡ู„ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุบุงุฒ ู…ู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:17,780
779
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู… ู„ุง ุงู„ identification ู„ู„ูŠูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉุจุบุถ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:17,780 --> 00:13:20,880
783
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ mediaุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:24,540
787
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุทู„ุนุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ground
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:24,540 --> 00:13:27,740
791
+ positive ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆ under anaerobic conditionุŒ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:27,740 --> 00:13:31,420
795
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุŒ anaerobic
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:31,420 --> 00:13:35,290
799
+ conditionุŒ ground positiveุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุฏูŠ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:35,290 --> 00:13:39,050
803
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง Clostridia ู…ุด ุจุตู„ุตุŒ ู‡ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:13:39,050 --> 00:13:42,770
807
+ ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูุญุต ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:13:42,770 --> 00:13:47,290
811
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุฃูƒุฏู„ูƒ ูˆ ุฌุฏุงุด ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูุญุต ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:13:47,290 --> 00:13:51,680
815
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Differential Microbiomeุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุญุฏ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:55,360
819
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Clostridium Perifringens
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:13:55,360 --> 00:13:57,440
823
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Phospholipase C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:13:57,440 --> 00:14:00,580
827
+ Cetanase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-Toxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ could
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:00,580 --> 00:14:06,120
831
+ be detected by ุฅูŠุดุŸ By egg yolk agarุŒ ุงู„ุทุจู‚
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:09,360
835
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ู†ุฑูŠุญ .. ูˆ ู†ุฑูŠุญูƒู…
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:14,090
839
+ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ suspense ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุชุฌุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:14,090 --> 00:14:16,670
843
+ species ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุทุงู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ species Clostridium
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:16,670 --> 00:14:20,050
847
+ titanium, Perfringens, Botulonium, Septicum,
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:20,270 --> 00:14:25,550
851
+ Difficile and Novi A ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช milk ู„ุณูŠุซูŠู†ูŠุฒ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:25,550 --> 00:14:29,730
855
+ ู…ุงู„ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู…ุด ูƒุงููŠ ู„ุณูŠุซูŠู†ูŠุฒ ู„ูŠุจุงูŠุฒ ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:14:29,730 --> 00:14:34,870
859
+ ุงู†ุฏูˆู„ุฌ ู„ูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุณุง ูƒุฑูˆุฒ ุณุงู„ุณูŠู† ูˆู…ุงู†ูŠุชู„ ุทู„ุนูˆู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:14:34,870 --> 00:14:39,710
863
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hatch .. ุงู„ hatched areas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุฉ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:14:39,710 --> 00:14:43,110
867
+ ุฏู‡ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุธู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:14:43,110 --> 00:14:46,430
871
+ distinguishing characteristics ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุณุชูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:14:46,430 --> 00:14:48,430
875
+ ุชุชุงู†ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ distinguishing characteristics
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:14:48,430 --> 00:14:53,170
879
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŸ ู…ุงููŠุด ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุณุชูˆุฏูŠูˆู…
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:14:53,170 --> 00:14:56,830
883
+ perifringens ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณูŠุซูŠู† ุจุณ ุงู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุจูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:14:57,620 --> 00:15:01,680
887
+ ุจุณ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆููŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูŠุจุงูŠุฒ ูˆ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:05,540
891
+ ู‡ู†ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุฃู† ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:05,540 --> 00:15:09,500
895
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:15:09,500 --> 00:15:12,900
899
+ ู…ุด ูˆุงุฌุจ ุฅู„ูŠ ูˆ ูˆุงุฌุจ ุฅู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุฃู†ูƒูˆุง ุชูุฑุบูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:12,900 --> 00:15:17,050
903
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุดูƒู„ chart ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู…ู„ chart
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:17,050 --> 00:15:20,370
907
+ his own chart to differentiate between the species
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:23,810
911
+ found in this table ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุญุฑู ุงู„ D
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:23,810 --> 00:15:27,370
915
+ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนุงูƒู… ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุฑู ุงู„ V ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ variable ู‡ุงู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:15:27,370 --> 00:15:31,950
919
+ ุฏูŠ ู†ู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ุง digestion ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจูˆุณุชููˆุฑูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:15:31,950 --> 00:15:33,490
923
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ milk digester
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:15:39,820 --> 00:15:42,440
927
+ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:15:42,440 --> 00:15:48,000
931
+ toxigenicity assay ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:54,720
935
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู…ุด ู„ุฃู†
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:15:54,720 --> 00:15:57,640
939
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ chromosome ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงูˆ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:15:57,640 --> 00:16:01,900
943
+ plasmid ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจ bacteriophage
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:01,900 --> 00:16:05,000
947
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ bacteriophage ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู†ุชุฌ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:09,520
951
+ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ strains ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุจูƒุชูŠุฑูˆูุงุฌ ูˆ strains ู…ุด
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:09,520 --> 00:16:13,940
955
+ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠุฌูŠู†ูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุชูƒุณูŠุฌูŠู†ูƒ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:13,940 --> 00:16:17,860
959
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุนุทู„ุช ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ุฃู†ุง ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:17,860 --> 00:16:20,220
963
+ ุชูƒุณูŠุฌูŠู†ูƒ ูˆู„ุง ู†ูˆู† ุชูƒุณูŠุฌูŠู†ูƒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนุฑูู‡ุง ุจุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:20,220 --> 00:16:24,820
967
+ biochemical test ู„ู„ุฃุณู ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุชุดุงุจู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:24,820 --> 00:16:28,720
971
+ ุงู„ biochemical test ููƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ููŠ ูุญุต ุงุณู…ู‡
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:16:28,720 --> 00:16:31,460
975
+ toxicity acid ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:41,820
979
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† petri dish ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ุณุชุทูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:16:41,820 --> 00:16:45,480
983
+ filter paper ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ filter paper ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุบู…ูˆุฑ ุจุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:52,760
987
+ antitoxin ุงู„ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฒุฑุน ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:16:54,350 --> 00:16:58,410
991
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง positive control ูˆุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง negative control
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:16:58,410 --> 00:17:00,430
995
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชุนุฑููŠู†ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ negative control ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌุด
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:00,430 --> 00:17:03,670
999
+ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ positive control ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ test
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:11,050
1003
+ organism ู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ูˆุจู†ุฎู„ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:11,050 --> 00:17:14,610
1007
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ incubation under an aerobic
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:14,610 --> 00:17:18,570
1011
+ condition ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ู‡ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:17:18,570 --> 00:17:23,840
1015
+ ุชูƒุณูŠู†ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Antitoxin ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ filter
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:23,840 --> 00:17:28,000
1019
+ paper ุตุญ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ filter paper ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:31,180
1023
+ diffusion ู„ู„ Antitoxin ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:31,180 --> 00:17:34,100
1027
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุญุตู„ู‡ diffusion
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:38,360
1031
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ diffusion ู…ู† ุงู„ Antitoxin ูˆุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุน
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:17:38,360 --> 00:17:42,240
1035
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ Antitoxin ุงุชู†ุช ุงู†ุณู„ูŠุจู„ุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:46,060
1039
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ู‡ insoluble line of precipitate ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:17:46,060 --> 00:17:48,920
1043
+ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุงุดูˆู ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ุฐุง
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:17:53,400 --> 00:17:57,040
1047
+ ู‡ุดูˆู ุฎุท ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ู‡ุดูˆู ุฎุท ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:17:57,040 --> 00:18:00,080
1051
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŸ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:03,540
1055
+ precipitate ุงู„ู†ุงุฌู… ุนู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:03,540 --> 00:18:05,980
1059
+ antitoxinุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง negative
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:05,980 --> 00:18:09,240
1063
+ controlุŒ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุงุชู†ุชุฌุด ุชูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชูƒูˆู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:13,590
1067
+ ุฎุทูˆุทุฅุฐุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุทูˆุท ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ test
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:18:13,590 --> 00:18:17,510
1071
+ organism ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูุญุต ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง positiveุŸ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:18:17,510 --> 00:18:22,790
1075
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ toxin ูŠุนู†ูŠ toxigenic acid ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:18:22,790 --> 00:18:27,010
1079
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ in vitro ู„ูŠุด in vitroุŸ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:18:27,010 --> 00:18:29,790
1083
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:29,790 --> 00:18:31,630
1087
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง in vivo
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:18:41,290 --> 00:18:51,190
1091
+ ุงู„ in vivo ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:18:51,190 --> 00:18:51,930
1095
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:10,940 --> 00:19:17,020
1099
+ ุฃู‡ ุฏู‡ ูุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃู‡ ุฏู‡ ูุงุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู† ุญู‚ู†ู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:17,020 --> 00:19:21,220
1103
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู€ Antitoxin ุดุจุงุจ ุญู‚ู†ู†ุงู‡ ุจุงู„ู€
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:21,220 --> 00:19:24,100
1107
+ Antitoxin ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ Clostridium Perifringens let's
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:24,100 --> 00:19:30,340
1111
+ say ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุญู‚ู†ู‡ูˆุด ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู†ุตู ุณุงุนุฉ ุญู‚ู†ู†ุง ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:30,340 --> 00:19:33,920
1115
+ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุณุชุฎู„ุต ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:33,920 --> 00:19:38,400
1119
+ ู†ูุญุตู‡ุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุชูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ูˆู„ุง non ุชูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุงูŠุด
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:38,400 --> 00:19:43,210
1123
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตูŠุฑุŸุงุญู†ุง ููŠู†ุง Antitoxin ูˆุญู‚ู†ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ูุณ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:43,210 --> 00:19:47,510
1127
+ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ูุงุฑุŸ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:19:47,510 --> 00:19:51,550
1131
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ูุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญุตู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:19:51,550 --> 00:19:56,750
1135
+ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุนู…ู„ conclusionุŒ ุฎู„ุงุตุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:19:56,750 --> 00:20:01,910
1139
+ ุญู‚ู†ุช ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ Antitoxinูˆุญู‚ู†ุชูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆู…ุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:20:01,910 --> 00:20:06,010
1143
+ ู…ุงุชุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ุŸ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Antitoxin ุนู…ู„ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:06,010 --> 00:20:10,790
1147
+ neutralization ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠู…ูˆุชุŸ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:10,790 --> 00:20:16,050
1151
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุงุฑุŒ ูุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ุงุช ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:16,050 --> 00:20:22,170
1155
+ ุนุงุดุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง toxigenicุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:22,170 --> 00:20:27,230
1159
+ ู…ุงุชูˆุงุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุชูˆุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:27,230 --> 00:20:32,290
1163
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุงุดูˆุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ non-toxigenic ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:32,290 --> 00:20:37,270
1167
+ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุฑ ู‚ุนุฏุช ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุช ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:37,270 --> 00:20:43,010
1171
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉุŸ ู‚ุถุงุก ูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:43,010 --> 00:20:46,190
1175
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ุบูŠุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ุฃูŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ุŒ ุฅุฐุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:46,190 --> 00:20:50,010
1179
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู„ positive ูˆ ุงู„ negative ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:20:50,010 --> 00:20:54,100
1183
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู…ูˆุชู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:20:59,750 --> 00:21:03,030
1187
+ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. in vitro ูˆ ุงู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:21:03,030 --> 00:21:05,630
1191
+ in vivo ุงู„ู€ toxigenist assay ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:21:05,630 --> 00:21:07,450
1195
+ ุจูŠุดุจู‡ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ diphtheria ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:21:07,450 --> 00:21:11,470
1199
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุฎุตุตูŠู† ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู€ diphtheria ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:21:11,470 --> 00:21:15,110
1203
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ eclostridium peripheragens
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:21:15,110 --> 00:21:18,590
1207
+ ุจุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุชุจุญุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:21:18,590 --> 00:21:22,170
1211
+ ูู‚ุท ู .. ูู‚ู… ุจุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:21:22,170 --> 00:21:24,590
1215
+ ู„ุณุช ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ุดุงู† .. ุนู„ุดุงู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:21:24,590 --> 00:21:30,230
1219
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงู…ุญุจุฉ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฑุฌุนู†ุง ู„ู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:30,230 --> 00:21:33,730
1223
+ food poisoning ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ุญูุธุช ุนู„ู‰
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:33,730 --> 00:21:36,690
1227
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ temperature ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:21:36,690 --> 00:21:40,790
1231
+ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง food poisoning ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ treatment ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:21:40,790 --> 00:21:45,150
1235
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ treatment ู„ู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:21:45,150 --> 00:21:49,250
1239
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุชู„ุฎุต ููŠ ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุดุบู„ุชุงู† ุงุนุทุงุก
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:21:49,750 --> 00:21:51,950
1243
+ Antibiotic ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุถู‰ ุนู„ู‰
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:21:51,950 --> 00:21:56,310
1247
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ administration of antitoxin ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:56,310 --> 00:22:00,990
1251
+ ุนู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุงู„ุดูุงุก ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 6 ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:22:00,990 --> 00:22:06,540
1255
+ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ antitoxin ู„ูƒู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุตุนุจูˆู‚ุฏ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:22:06,540 --> 00:22:11,780
1259
+ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุฌุญ ู†ุฌุงุญ ุชู… ูˆู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุญุงู„ุชู‡ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:22:11,780 --> 00:22:15,100
1263
+ ูุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ prevention is all important
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:15,100 --> 00:22:18,140
1267
+ ูˆ ุงู„ prevention ุจูŠุชู„ุฎุต ููŠู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:18,140 --> 00:22:22,360
1271
+ active immunization with toxoids ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ุงู†ุช ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:22,360 --> 00:22:25,520
1275
+ ุงู„ู€ toxoid ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ vaccine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:25,520 --> 00:22:31,400
1279
+ ู…ู† DPT DPT proper care of wounds ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุฌูŠุฏ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:34,440
1283
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู‡ุชู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ prophylactic use
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:37,660
1287
+ of antitoxin ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ุทุนู†ุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:22:37,660 --> 00:22:41,100
1291
+ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุบุฒู‡ ู…ุตู…ุงุฑ ู…ู„ูˆุซ ุจุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:22:41,100 --> 00:22:44,580
1295
+ ุฎุฏู„ูƒ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุชู…ุงู… ุงุฑุจุน administration of
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:22:44,580 --> 00:22:48,140
1299
+ penicillin ูุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:22:48,140 --> 00:22:52,710
1303
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ proper care of woundุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ prophylactic
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:22:52,710 --> 00:22:56,350
1307
+ antitoxin administration ูˆุจุนุชูˆู„ู‡ antibiotic ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:22:56,350 --> 00:22:59,530
1311
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ penicillin ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:22:59,530 --> 00:23:00,510
1315
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠ ูุถู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:08,470 --> 00:23:10,610
1319
+ ุงู†ุช ูƒู†ุช .. ุงู†ุช ุฃูŠุงู…ูƒ .. ุฃูŠุงู…ูƒ ู…ุงูƒู†ุช ุบุงูŠุจ ูˆู…ุงุญุถุฑุชุด
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:10,610 --> 00:23:12,890
1323
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุบุงูŠุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:12,890 --> 00:23:15,750
1327
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุณูˆุฃ .. ู…ู† ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:15,750 --> 00:23:20,010
1331
+ ูŠุชุฎูŠู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู† ุชุคุซุฑ .. ู„ู† ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:20,010 --> 00:23:22,830
1335
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูˆุงู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:23:22,830 --> 00:23:26,490
1339
+ ู‡ุชุญุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆุชู…ูˆุชู‡ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ูู‡ุชูˆูุฑ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:23:26,490 --> 00:23:28,990
1343
+ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ู„ .. ูู‡ุฐุง practice ุณูŠุก ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:23:32,100 --> 00:23:35,460
1347
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุชูˆู„ูŠุฒู… ู…ุงูŠู„ู‡ ุญู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุจูˆุชูˆู„ูŠุฒู… ุญู„ู‡ ุญู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:23:35,460 --> 00:23:39,540
1351
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ ูˆูŠุนุทู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู€ Trivalent Antitoxin
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:23:39,540 --> 00:23:41,920
1355
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ 8 ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:46,940
1359
+ ุฌุงุชุด ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู„ู„ humanูˆุงุญุฏ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:23:46,940 --> 00:23:52,060
1363
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู†ุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ู…ุงุฑูƒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ูุชู„ุชู‡ู… A
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:23:52,060 --> 00:23:57,520
1367
+ B ูˆE ููƒูˆู‘ุฑูˆู„ู‡ู… trivalent antitoxin Anti-A Anti-B
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:00,960
1371
+ ูˆAnti-E ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ู… ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:00,960 --> 00:24:04,520
1375
+ ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณุงู„ gas .. ุนููˆุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ botulism
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:04,520 --> 00:24:08,360
1379
+ ุงู„ gas gangrene ู„ุฃ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒ .. ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:08,360 --> 00:24:12,420
1383
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญุฏ ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ removal
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:12,420 --> 00:24:15,220
1387
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ surgical removal of debitalized tissue
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:24:15,220 --> 00:24:18,220
1391
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ูˆ ุฏุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู„ุทูŠู ุนู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:24:18,220 --> 00:24:21,620
1395
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ butter ุงูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:24:21,620 --> 00:24:23,700
1399
+ administration of penicillin ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:24:23,700 --> 00:24:26,780
1403
+ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ administration of
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:24:26,780 --> 00:24:31,380
1407
+ antitoxin ุงุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ antitoxinุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:24:31,380 --> 00:24:34,040
1411
+ infection due to Clostridium Septicum Anovi
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:37,780
1415
+ similar to gas gangrene ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูˆ ุงุจุชุฏุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:24:37,780 --> 00:24:41,120
1419
+ ู‡ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:24:41,120 --> 00:24:44,360
1423
+ pseudomonas colitis ุฌูˆุฏู†ุงู„ูƒูˆ ุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:24:44,360 --> 00:24:48,600
1427
+ antibiotic ู„ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุงู„ antibioticุจู†ู†ุฒู„ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:24:48,600 --> 00:24:53,260
1431
+ ูุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ุง vancomycin oral ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ vancomycin ู„ุง
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:24:53,260 --> 00:24:56,840
1435
+ ูŠูุนุทู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ oral ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ injection ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:24:56,840 --> 00:25:00,700
1439
+ ูŠู…ุชุต ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูู„ูŠุด ุนุทู†ุง oral ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:25:00,700 --> 00:25:04,770
1443
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŸููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงูˆุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:25:04,770 --> 00:25:09,210
1447
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุง oral vancomycinุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ vancomycin
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:25:09,210 --> 00:25:12,970
1451
+ ู„ุง ูŠูุนุทู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ oralุŒ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ุฃู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:25:12,970 --> 00:25:15,150
1455
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงูˆุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:25:15,150 --> 00:25:17,830
1459
+ ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆููŠ ุญู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุงู„ุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:25:17,830 --> 00:25:20,990
1463
+ ุชูƒุชุจูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ metrodazole ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูู„ุงุฌูŠู„ ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:25:20,990 --> 00:25:22,990
1467
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ .. ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ vancomycin ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:25:22,990 --> 00:25:23,910
1471
+ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ูู„ุงุฌูŠู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:32,440
1475
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:25:32,440 --> 00:25:35,360
1479
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Nagler reaction ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ุณุชุฑูˆุฏูŠูˆู… paraparingens
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:25:35,360 --> 00:25:38,320
1483
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุถูŠ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุนุดุงู† ุจุณ ู†ู…ุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:42,820
1487
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู…ุฌุณูˆู… ู…ู† ู†ุตูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:25:42,820 --> 00:25:48,560
1491
+ ู…ุณุญู†ุงู‡ ุจุณูˆุงุจ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… antitoxin ูˆุงู„ู†ุต ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:25:48,560 --> 00:25:52,010
1495
+ ู…ู…ุณูˆุญ ุจุงู„ antitoxin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ antitoxin ู…ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏููˆู‚
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:25:52,010 --> 00:25:54,950
1499
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฒู„ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุฒู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ perpendicular ุนู„ู‰
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:25:54,950 --> 00:25:59,850
1503
+ ุงู„ุฎุท ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ุฒู„ุนู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ุง negative control ู„ุญุธูˆู„ูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:25:59,850 --> 00:26:02,930
1507
+ ููŠ ุงู„ test organism ุงู„ุฏุฒุก ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:26:02,930 --> 00:26:09,730
1511
+ opacity opacity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุชุงู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบุจุด ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุณุจุจ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:26:09,730 --> 00:26:14,430
1515
+ ุงู„ุธุจุท ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุชุงู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบุจุด ู„ูŠุดุŸ ููˆู‚ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:26:14,430 --> 00:26:18,310
1519
+ antitoxin ุนู…ู„ neutralization ู„ู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:26:18,310 --> 00:26:20,390
1523
+ ู…ุงููŠุด antitoxin ุนู…ู„ neutralizationุŒ ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:26:20,390 --> 00:26:24,010
1527
+ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุฌุงู… ุจูŠุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูˆุฎู„ู‘ู‡ุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:26:24,010 --> 00:26:26,870
1531
+ diglycerideุŒ ุงู„ู€ diglyceride ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:26:26,870 --> 00:26:30,070
1535
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุชุงู…ุฉุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ู… ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ูุญุต
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:26:30,070 --> 00:26:34,440
1539
+ Nagler reaction to Clostridium Peripheritisุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:26:34,440 --> 00:26:36,500
1543
+ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:26:36,500 --> 00:26:40,680
1547
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ nagler reaction ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:26:40,680 --> 00:26:43,100
1551
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:26:43,100 --> 00:26:46,800
1555
+ ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ูƒ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุจุช ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŸ ู…ุชูู‚ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุจุช ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:50,040
1559
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุน ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู†
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:26:50,040 --> 00:26:53,140
1563
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:26:53,140 --> 00:26:57,100
1567
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจ .. ุจ .. ู†ุนู… ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุฆู„ุชูƒู…
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:26:57,100 --> 00:26:57,460
1571
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1572
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/Vshf1KAA7wk_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2292 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:23,260
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,260 --> 00:00:27,500
7
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ gram-negative-diplokokai ููŠ ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:31,420
11
+ gram-negative-diplokokai ู‡ู†ุณู…ุน ุงุณู…ูŠู† ุงูˆ two
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,420 --> 00:00:35,880
15
+ genesis ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุจุฑุงู†ู‡ุงู…ูŠู„ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:39,660
19
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุจู†ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:39,660 --> 00:00:43,940
23
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌูŠุฏูŠุณ ุงูˆ meningitis ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑู
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:43,940 --> 00:00:47,700
27
+ ุงู„ D ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ meningitis ู„ุง ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑู ุงู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:47,700 --> 00:00:52,390
31
+ D ูˆ ุงู†ู…ุง T ูู‚ุทุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† are the only
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:52,390 --> 00:00:56,510
35
+ true pathogens ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠูŠู† ุบุงู„ุจุง normal microbiota
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:56,510 --> 00:00:59,770
39
+ ุฒูŠ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงุชุฑุงู„ูŠุณ ุงูˆ Brahamela kateralis ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,770 --> 00:01:03,410
43
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…ูŠู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ Brahamela ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:03,410 --> 00:01:06,130
47
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ Brahamela ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุณูŠูƒุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,130 --> 00:01:11,390
51
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูู„ุงููŠุณู†ุณ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูู„ุงูุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠูˆูƒูˆุฒุง ูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:11,390 --> 00:01:14,790
55
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุงูƒุชุงู…ูŠูƒุงุฅุฐุง ูุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,790 --> 00:01:20,390
59
+ ููŠ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ู… ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ู… ูƒู…ุงู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,390 --> 00:01:22,450
63
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุตูŠุฑูˆุง familiar ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:22,450 --> 00:01:26,510
67
+ ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฏูŠุฏุณุŒ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงุชูŠุฑุงู„ูŠุณุŒ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:26,510 --> 00:01:31,630
71
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุจุฑุงู†ู‡ุงู…ูŠู„ุง ูƒุงุชูŠุฑุงู„ูŠุณุŒ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุณูŠูƒุงุŒ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:31,630 --> 00:01:35,930
75
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูู„ุงูุงุณู†ุฒุŒ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูู„ุงูุงุŒ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠูƒูˆุฒุงุŒ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:42,330
79
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒุชุงู…ูŠูƒุงุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู†ุงูŠุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุณู…ูŠุช
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:42,330 --> 00:01:46,910
83
+ ู†ุงูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงูู‡ู…ุด
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:46,910 --> 00:01:51,410
87
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงุณู…
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:51,410 --> 00:01:54,370
91
+ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชููƒุฑ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:54,370 --> 00:01:58,490
95
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ู†ุนู… ุชุบูŠุฑุช ุชุบูŠุฑุช
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:58,490 --> 00:02:01,370
99
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ูˆุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู„ู
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:01,370 --> 00:02:06,260
103
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุชู†ุง ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,260 --> 00:02:10,020
107
+ ูู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู†ุง ุจุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,020 --> 00:02:14,340
111
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุชู…ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุจุงู„ GC
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:14,340 --> 00:02:17,400
115
+ content ุงู„ GC content ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ guanine cytosine
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:21,720
119
+ DNA analysis ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ species ุจุชุฎุชู„ู
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:24,420
123
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:24,420 --> 00:02:29,500
127
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุนู… ุจู„ุงู† ู‡ุงู…ู„ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,500 --> 00:02:36,500
131
+ ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฐุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ ุจุงู„ุงูŠ ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:36,500 --> 00:02:40,620
135
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ viralness ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุงูŠ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:40,620 --> 00:02:45,100
139
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ attachment ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:45,100 --> 00:02:49,420
143
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุญุฏุงุซ disease ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ููŠู‡ุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:49,420 --> 00:02:53,360
147
+ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู… ุงู„ wash out ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:53,360 --> 00:02:55,920
151
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ attachment ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:55,920 --> 00:03:01,910
155
+ infectionุงู„ุงุณู… gonorrhea ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู…ู† .. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,910 --> 00:03:05,990
159
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจูˆุณุท ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฌุงู„ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:05,990 --> 00:03:11,410
163
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐ ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุทูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณู…
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:11,410 --> 00:03:13,950
167
+ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงูŠุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:13,950 --> 00:03:20,410
171
+ ุณุจุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆุตูู‡ ูˆุตูู‡ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงูƒุชุดูู‡ gram negative
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:20,410 --> 00:03:25,820
175
+ diplokai ููŠ ุงู„ุตุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู†ุงู„ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:25,820 --> 00:03:31,880
179
+ ุงู„ู€ Purulent Discharge ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงู„ุงู†ูˆุงุณู…
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:31,880 --> 00:03:35,480
183
+ ุงู„ disease ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุงู† ุณู…ูŠู‡
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:40,920
187
+ ุณุงุฆู„ุงู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุณุงุฆู„ ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠ ุฏูˆู† ุชุญูƒู… ุฏูˆู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:45,240
191
+ ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุตุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู„ูŠุก ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:49,320
195
+ ูู„ู…ู‘ุง ุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ vaginal ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:53,160
199
+ ุงู„ urethral ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ conjunctiva ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:57,480
203
+ ุญุฏุซูŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆู† ู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ู…ุตุงุจุงุช ุจู…ูŠู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:57,480 --> 00:04:01,420
207
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฌู„ ุฌุฑุงู… negative diplococaine
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:06,260
211
+ ูุชูƒุฑูŠู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุตู…ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู†ุงุดูŠุฑูŠุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:06,260 --> 00:04:14,060
215
+ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุฑุถ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:14,060 --> 00:04:18,680
219
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ is the most
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:19,570 --> 00:04:22,250
223
+ prevalent venereal diseaseุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ the most
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:22,250 --> 00:04:25,830
227
+ prevalentุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงุŒ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุด
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:25,830 --> 00:04:29,310
231
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:29,310 --> 00:04:33,310
235
+ ุจุฌุชุŒ ุตุงุฑุช ุฑู‚ู… ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:33,310 --> 00:04:36,210
239
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ EpidemiologyุŒ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชู†ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:36,210 --> 00:04:40,110
243
+ ุฒุงุฏุชุŒ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:40,110 --> 00:04:44,320
247
+ ุงุชุญุณู†ุชุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Clamydiaุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:48,760
251
+ obligate intracellular parasites ูˆุฒุฑุงุน ุฃูˆ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:48,760 --> 00:04:51,660
255
+ obligate intracellular parasites ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุณู‡ู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:51,660 --> 00:04:56,540
259
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชุทูˆุฑุช ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ detection ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:56,540 --> 00:05:00,100
263
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ู‡ูŠ number one ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:00,100 --> 00:05:05,490
267
+ number two ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ุฃุญุชู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู†ุณุจุฉ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:05,490 --> 00:05:09,630
271
+ ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง globally ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:09,630 --> 00:05:14,230
275
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุจู„ ุจู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุณู†ูˆูŠุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:14,230 --> 00:05:21,150
279
+ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ micro ุงู„ chlamydiaุŸ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ chlamydia ุญุงุฌุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:21,150 --> 00:05:25,310
283
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ูŠุง ุงุจู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ chlamydia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:25,310 --> 00:05:28,110
287
+ obligate intracellular parasites ุงุชุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:28,110 --> 00:05:31,500
291
+ rickettsia ุงู„ chlamydia ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ูุตู„Gonorrhea ุฌูู†ู‘ุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:31,500 --> 00:05:34,800
295
+ is the most ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู† ุนุฏู‘ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฌูู†ู‘ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:38,300
299
+ the second most the second most ู…ุด the first most
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:38,300 --> 00:05:41,200
303
+ the primary infection with Neisseria Gonorrhea
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:43,840
307
+ although uncomfortable ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:43,840 --> 00:05:49,180
311
+ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ uncomfortable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠูƒ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุนุฏู…
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:49,180 --> 00:05:53,580
315
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุนุฏู…
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:53,580 --> 00:05:59,350
319
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูŠุงุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุถุงูŠู‚ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถูŠู‚ูŠุนู†ูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:59,350 --> 00:06:02,870
323
+ ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูƒุฑู…ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุงุจุณ ุญุฐุงุก ุดุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:02,870 --> 00:06:07,570
327
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุจุณ ุจุงู†ุทู„ูˆู† ุถูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุชุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุนุฏุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:07,570 --> 00:06:11,650
331
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุชุงุญ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฏุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจุŸ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:11,650 --> 00:06:15,810
335
+ ู…ุด ู…ุฏุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ symptoms ู…ุด
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:15,810 --> 00:06:20,850
339
+ severe ูˆู„ุง painful ูˆู„ุง painful ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:20,850 --> 00:06:28,180
343
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูˆุฑ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจุฅู„ุง ู…ุงุชุง ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:28,180 --> 00:06:30,500
347
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ complications ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ complications
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:30,500 --> 00:06:34,960
351
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ symptoms ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:39,640
355
+ ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:44,480
359
+ ู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ STD ู…ุน ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:47,800
363
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:47,800 --> 00:06:50,900
367
+ ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณูˆุง ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ู…ุน ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุฃูŠุถุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู‡ู…
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:50,900 --> 00:06:54,760
371
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆุฏู„ุนู„ู… ูˆู…ุนุฑูุด ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุดุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:54,760 --> 00:06:59,960
375
+ ุญุงุฌุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ุฅู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:59,960 --> 00:07:03,380
379
+ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุฎู…ุณ ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:03,380 --> 00:07:07,260
383
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎู…ุณ ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ network
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:07,260 --> 00:07:11,660
387
+ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุตุงุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงุฐุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:11,660 --> 00:07:15,060
391
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ STD ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:15,060 --> 00:07:19,380
395
+ ุฌุฏุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ limited
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:19,380 --> 00:07:26,040
399
+ very limitedุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ severity
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:26,040 --> 00:07:31,000
403
+ ู„ู„ disease ู…ุฏุนุงุฉ ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ู…ุฏุนุงุฉ ู„ุนุฏู…
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:36,640
407
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูƒู…ุงู† ุญุณุงุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ู„ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:40,980
411
+ ู…ุงุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ุงุด ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:40,980 --> 00:07:46,760
415
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:46,760 --> 00:07:50,140
419
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญูˆุง ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ู… diagnosis ุจุณ ููŠ ุฌุฏู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:50,140 --> 00:07:54,640
423
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุฑุงุญูˆุด ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ numbers
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:54,640 --> 00:07:59,080
427
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู†ุฉ are underestimated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุฃู‚ู„
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:03,460
431
+ ู…ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุจุฑุญ ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุบู„ุท
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:03,460 --> 00:08:07,660
435
+ man is the only known host for the organismู…ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:07,660 --> 00:08:10,640
439
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู‡ู…
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:10,640 --> 00:08:14,100
443
+ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:14,100 --> 00:08:16,980
447
+ sexual transmitted diseases are specifically
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:16,980 --> 00:08:20,620
451
+ designed for those who are committing the crime of
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:20,620 --> 00:08:24,860
455
+ sexual activity outside marriage relation ุฎุงุฑุฌ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:24,860 --> 00:08:29,940
459
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูŠุฑุชูƒุจู‡ุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:29,940 --> 00:08:33,880
463
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตุงู…ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:33,880 --> 00:08:39,840
467
+ ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูƒุงู† ูŠุซูŠุฑ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุตุงุจ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:44,620
471
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฏุฎู„ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุญุฉ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:44,620 --> 00:08:48,560
475
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุญุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:48,560 --> 00:08:56,920
479
+ ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุญู…ุงู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุดุฎุต ู…ุตุงุจ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:56,920 --> 00:09:00,640
483
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุญู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏู‡ ู‡ู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:00,640 --> 00:09:07,130
487
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุตุงุจุŸ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู„ุฃู…ุคุดุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ sexually
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:07,130 --> 00:09:12,330
491
+ transmitted ูู‚ุท sexually transmitted ูˆุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:12,330 --> 00:09:16,590
495
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชูˆุตู ุนู„ู‰
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:16,590 --> 00:09:19,990
499
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง fragile ุงูŠุด ุงู†ู‡ุง fragileุŸ ู‡ุดุฉ ุงูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:19,990 --> 00:09:23,750
503
+ delicate delicate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุฐุง ุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ุฃูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:23,750 --> 00:09:29,290
507
+ condition ู„ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู„ู„ trace ูƒู„ู…ุฉ trace ู…ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ traceุŸ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:30,390 --> 00:09:35,390
511
+ ุฃุซุงุฑ ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงูŠ disinfectant ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูˆุช ู„ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:35,390 --> 00:09:39,290
515
+ ุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ู„ุฌูุงู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูˆุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:39,290 --> 00:09:43,450
519
+ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูˆุช ุงุฐุง ุงู„ bacteria
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:43,450 --> 00:09:49,010
523
+ specifically designed for this purpose ูˆุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:49,010 --> 00:09:54,470
527
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู… ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ู†ุฐ ุฒู…ู† ุจุนูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:54,470 --> 00:09:58,230
531
+ ู…ู† ุฃู„ู ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุงู†ู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:58,230 --> 00:10:03,090
535
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฅุฐุง ุธู‡ุฑุช ุงู„ูุญุดุฉ ููŠ ู‚ูˆู… ู…ุง ุธู‡ุฑุช ุงู„ูุญุดุฉ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:03,090 --> 00:10:07,750
539
+ ููŠ ู‚ูˆู… ู‚ุท ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู„ู†ูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุนู„ู†ูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:07,750 --> 00:10:12,630
543
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงูŠู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:12,630 --> 00:10:16,370
547
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุฅู„ุง ูˆุธู‡ุฑุช ููŠู‡ู… ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู„ู† ุชูƒู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:16,370 --> 00:10:22,740
551
+ ููŠู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ูŠู†ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุชุญู‚ู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุญุชู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:22,740 --> 00:10:26,080
555
+ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุชุญู‚ู‚ ูุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุญุชู…ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุธู‡ุฑุช ุงู„ูุญุดุฉ ููŠ ู‚ูˆู…
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:26,080 --> 00:10:29,820
559
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุจ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู„ู†ูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ูˆุธู‡ุฑุช ููŠู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุง ุจู‚ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:29,820 --> 00:10:30,480
563
+ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:37,180 --> 00:10:39,300
567
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ูู†ุงู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุงู†ุจูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:39,300 --> 00:10:43,400
571
+ specifically designed as ุช .. it is gram-negative
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:43,400 --> 00:10:47,300
575
+ -diplokokai oxidase ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:47,300 --> 00:10:51,080
579
+ diagnosis ุฅุฐุง ุฌู„ุฌุช gram-negative-diplokokai you
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:51,080 --> 00:10:55,920
583
+ should do oxidase ุทุจ ุงู†ุช ุฎุงูŠู ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฎุงูŠู ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:59,780
587
+ ุงุฐุง ุงูƒุชุดู ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู…ุงู„ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนูŠู† ุฏูŠ gram-negative
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:59,780 --> 00:11:01,720
591
+ .. ู‡ูŠ gram-negative-diplokokai
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:08,060 --> 00:11:13,960
595
+ ุงู„ุฃุณูŠู†ูŠุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ may mimic
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:18,760
599
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:22,480
603
+ ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ oxidase
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:25,740
607
+ test ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง is oxidase positive while this
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:25,740 --> 00:11:31,390
611
+ bacteria is oxidase negativeูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:31,390 --> 00:11:35,150
615
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ three
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:35,150 --> 00:11:38,670
619
+ carbohydrate oxidation test ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:38,670 --> 00:11:45,290
623
+ ุนู† ุจุนุถุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฏูƒุณุชุฑูˆุฒ ูˆ ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ูˆ ุณุงูƒุฑูˆุฒุŒ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:45,290 --> 00:11:49,010
627
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ is
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:49,010 --> 00:11:52,450
631
+ positive only for ุฏูƒุณุชุฑูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุดู„ูƒูˆุฒุŒ but
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:52,450 --> 00:11:59,070
635
+ negative forMeltose and Saccharose ุทุจ ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:59,070 --> 00:12:03,590
639
+ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุจุฅูŠุดุŸ ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฌุฏุงูŠุฏุณ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:03,590 --> 00:12:07,170
643
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฌุฏุงูŠุฏุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชู‡ุงุŸ Gram
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:07,170 --> 00:12:11,610
647
+ Negative Diplococci ูˆ Oxidase ุจูุณุทู ูˆุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจูุณุทู
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:11,610 --> 00:12:16,910
651
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุจูุณุทู ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:16,910 --> 00:12:20,090
655
+ ูŠุจุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุจุฌูŠ ุนุงุฑููŠู† .. ู†ุจุฌูŠ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:20,090 --> 00:12:21,670
659
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุญุงุถุฑ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:24,620 --> 00:12:28,420
663
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูู‚ุท
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:28,420 --> 00:12:31,800
667
+ positive ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:34,660
671
+ ุงู„ุฑูŠุถุงูŠุชุณ positive ู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ูˆุฒ ู‡ุงูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:34,660 --> 00:12:38,700
675
+ differentiationุŒ ุตุญุŸ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฃู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:38,700 --> 00:12:41,940
679
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุถุงูŠุชุณ can
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:41,940 --> 00:12:45,680
683
+ grow on blood agarุŒ on blood agarุŒ on chocolate
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:45,680 --> 00:12:50,350
687
+ agarุŒ but not nutrient agarุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒูŠู
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:50,350 --> 00:12:55,670
691
+ ู†ุณุชุบู„ู‡ุงุŸ ูƒู„ ุงู„ non-pathogenic Neisseria ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:55,670 --> 00:12:58,590
695
+ blood agar ูˆ ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ chocolate agar ุจุณ ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:58,590 --> 00:13:01,730
699
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ nutrient agar ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ pathogens
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:01,730 --> 00:13:05,970
703
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู†ู…ูˆุด .. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ Neisseria ู…ุงุจูŠู†ู…ูˆุด ุนู„ู‰
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:05,970 --> 00:13:08,770
707
+ ุงู„ nutrient agarุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตูุฉ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:08,770 --> 00:13:11,390
711
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ other
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:11,390 --> 00:13:16,800
715
+ NeisseriaูˆูŠู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ infectionุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุชูุถู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:19,740
719
+ ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ culinary epithelial cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:19,740 --> 00:13:22,440
723
+ endocervixุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ urethraุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ anogenitalุŒ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:22,440 --> 00:13:26,340
727
+ anogenitalุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ genital tractุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:26,340 --> 00:13:29,960
731
+ oropharyngeal ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ูŠูˆูƒุงุณ ู…ูŠู…ุจุฑูŠู†ุฒุŒ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:29,960 --> 00:13:33,140
735
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ conjective ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:33,140 --> 00:13:39,140
739
+ ูˆุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ุจูŠูˆู„ุฏุŒ ุจูŠู…ูˆุฑ ุนุจุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉู‡ุฐุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:39,140 --> 00:13:42,060
743
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุดูู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ููŠ ุงู„ group B
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:42,060 --> 00:13:45,880
747
+ streptococci ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจุฉุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŒ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:50,380
751
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูˆ ุจูŠู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฌุณู…ู‡ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:50,380 --> 00:13:54,740
755
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ุจู†ุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ูƒุงู† ุญุณุงุณ ู„ู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฏูŠุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:54,740 --> 00:13:57,320
759
+ ุบู†ุฑูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ neonates ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ conjunctive ุชุจุนุงุช
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:57,320 --> 00:14:00,850
763
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ุช disease ุจูŠู†ุดุฃ ุงุณู…ู‡ Ophthalmia
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:00,850 --> 00:14:06,710
767
+ Neonatrum ู†ูŠูˆ ู†ุงุชุฑูˆู… ู†ูŠูˆ ู†ูŠุช ู†ูŠูˆ ู†ูŠุช ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:06,710 --> 00:14:08,350
771
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:08,350 --> 00:14:08,970
775
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:08,970 --> 00:14:09,470
779
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:09,470 --> 00:14:09,670
783
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:09,670 --> 00:14:09,670
787
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:09,670 --> 00:14:09,670
791
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:09,670 --> 00:14:09,790
795
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:09,790 --> 00:14:09,790
799
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:09,790 --> 00:14:18,550
803
+ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ..
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:18,550 --> 00:14:25,110
807
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ PLI ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:25,110 --> 00:14:28,570
811
+ ุฃุณุงุณู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„ virulence factor ุนุงู…ู„ ุฃุณุงุณู‰ ูู‰ ุงู„
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:28,570 --> 00:14:33,510
815
+ virulence factor ู„ูŠุด ุนุงู…ู„ ุฃุณุงุณู‰ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:33,510 --> 00:14:36,290
819
+ ุนู† ุงู„ attachment ูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† attachment ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:36,290 --> 00:14:38,890
823
+ colonization ูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† colonization ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:38,890 --> 00:14:43,550
827
+ infection ูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† infection ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด disease ูƒู…ุงู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:43,550 --> 00:14:46,510
831
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุดู‡ุฏ ู‡ุฏู‰ proof ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ specifically designed
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:46,510 --> 00:14:52,660
835
+ for STDs ุงู† ุงุชูˆุง ู…ุนุฏู†ุงุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฌุณู…ู†ุง
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:52,660 --> 00:14:58,300
839
+ ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุถุงุฏุฉ ุถุฏ ุงู„ TLA ูˆุนู…ู„ IGA ูˆ ุงู„ IGA ู„ุฃู†ู‡
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:58,300 --> 00:15:00,960
843
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠูˆูƒุงุณ ู…ูŠู…ุจุฑุงูŠู† ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:00,960 --> 00:15:04,840
847
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญู…ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:11,090
851
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ antibodiesุงู„ุงู†ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:11,090 --> 00:15:15,310
855
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ variation
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:15,310 --> 00:15:22,390
859
+ ููŠ ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุงูŠ ููƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุชุฏุฎู„ ุจ ุจุงู„ุงูŠ ุจ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:22,390 --> 00:15:25,430
863
+ ุจุงู„ุงูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ antibody is not suited for that
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:25,430 --> 00:15:30,830
867
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุตุงุจ ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:36,620
871
+ ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ micro organism ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:36,620 --> 00:15:43,040
875
+ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ู‡ุฑูˆุจ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:46,740
879
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุน ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ molecular ..
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:46,740 --> 00:15:50,180
883
+ molecular ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ Epidemiological
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:50,180 --> 00:15:52,980
887
+ Characterization ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:52,980 --> 00:15:57,020
891
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:57,020 --> 00:16:03,100
895
+ ูุถู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุฏุฎู„ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ antigenic
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:03,100 --> 00:16:07,020
899
+ variation ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:07,020 --> 00:16:12,180
903
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:12,180 --> 00:16:16,680
907
+ ูƒุงู† ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:16,680 --> 00:16:23,060
911
+ antigenic variation ู‚ุฏ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:23,060 --> 00:16:25,760
915
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† pre-programmed
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:28,860 --> 00:16:32,560
919
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ pre-programmedุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:39,520
923
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ูƒู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ rearrangement ู‡ุงูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:44,780
927
+ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุจู„ุงูŠ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:44,780 --> 00:16:50,480
931
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจู†ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:50,480 --> 00:16:58,670
935
+ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุจู„ุงูŠู„ูƒู† .. ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:58,670 --> 00:17:01,710
939
+ ุจู„ุงูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู†ุชุฌ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงุฑุจุน ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุชุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:01,710 --> 00:17:05,750
943
+ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุจุน ูุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงุณู…ู‡ Antigenic Valency ู‡ุฐู‡
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:05,750 --> 00:17:10,390
947
+ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:10,390 --> 00:17:15,990
951
+ ูˆ .. okayุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุจุฑุง ูˆ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ .. ู„ุฃ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:15,990 --> 00:17:20,550
955
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู† ุชุบูŠุฑ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:20,550 --> 00:17:21,970
959
+ Antigenุงุช ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:30,580
963
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู‡ุฏุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ antibodies ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:30,580 --> 00:17:36,360
967
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ antibiotics ุทูŠุจ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู…ูŠุฒ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:36,360 --> 00:17:39,860
971
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ coffee bean shape coffee ุฒูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:39,860 --> 00:17:43,340
975
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ูˆ ุญุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ูˆ ุญุจุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ูƒูŠู ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:43,340 --> 00:17:48,740
979
+ ุญุฑู ุงู„ D ุงู„ุฃูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ flattened flattened ูŠุนู†ูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:48,740 --> 00:17:53,800
983
+ ู…ุณุทุญุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุญุจุงุช ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:56,660 --> 00:18:00,460
987
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ bean ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ coffee ุงูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:00,460 --> 00:18:02,480
991
+ ุงู„ bean ุงู„ bean ูุตูˆู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ coffee ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:02,480 --> 00:18:06,700
995
+ ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ shape ุงูˆ kidney bean shape kidney ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:09,660
999
+ kidney ูƒูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ุญุจุฉ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:09,660 --> 00:18:17,040
1003
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:20,500
1007
+ ุงู„ only host is man ูˆ man ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:20,500 --> 00:18:25,190
1011
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ู…ุด ุงู„ุฑุงุฌู„ู„ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุนู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู†ุซู‰ ููŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:25,190 --> 00:18:30,410
1015
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ species
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:30,410 --> 00:18:35,750
1019
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุชู†ุชู… ู…ู†ู‡ู… infectious ุงูˆ virulent ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:39,790
1023
+ normal microbiota ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:39,790 --> 00:18:44,930
1027
+ ูู‚ุท ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ is
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:44,930 --> 00:18:48,650
1031
+ pathogenic ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฑุฏู‡ ุงู† ูƒุงู† ูˆุฑู…ู‰ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฑุฉู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณูŠูƒุง
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:48,650 --> 00:18:52,490
1035
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชุงู…ูŠูƒุง ูˆุงู„ูู„ุงูุง ูˆุงู„ูู„ุงููŠุณู†ุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ normal
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:52,490 --> 00:18:56,990
1039
+ flora ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ู„ุฃุณู normal flora of
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:56,990 --> 00:19:00,490
1043
+ the female vagina ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ .. ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจู†ุฌูŠู‡ู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:00,490 --> 00:19:06,150
1047
+ ููŠ ุงู„ oral flora oral flora ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง swab ู…ู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:06,150 --> 00:19:11,050
1051
+ urethral discharge ู…ู† female ูู…ุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:11,050 --> 00:19:13,350
1055
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ gram stain ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง gram negative double
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:13,350 --> 00:19:15,750
1059
+ cocci ู‡ู„ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุกุŸ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:21,840
1063
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชู ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:26,560
1067
+ ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† other ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงุญูƒู…ู†ุงุด ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:32,100
1071
+ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุบุฑูŠุจ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:32,100 --> 00:19:37,360
1075
+ normal ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุจุฑุชูƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ูˆุฑุชุฑุง ุจุชุงุนุฉ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:37,360 --> 00:19:43,240
1079
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ู„ุง ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ุจู‡ุง normal flora ูˆู‚ู…ุช ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ gram
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:48,380
1083
+ stain ู„ู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชู ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠู‡ู†ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:19:48,380 --> 00:19:52,540
1087
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุงุดูุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ุฐุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:52,540 --> 00:19:57,500
1091
+ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:57,500 --> 00:20:01,240
1095
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠูุฑุถูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง presumative
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:01,240 --> 00:20:04,320
1099
+ diagnosis ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ presumative diagnosisุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:07,600
1103
+ diagnosis ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ุงูˆ diagnosis ุงูˆู„ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:13,610
1107
+ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุฐู„ูƒ .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ..
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:13,610 --> 00:20:17,190
1111
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุญูƒู… ุงู†ู‡ุง normal flora ูˆู„ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:17,190 --> 00:20:21,810
1115
+ ุจุงุนุชูˆุฌูŠู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ุดุจุงุจ ุจุชุฑูุถ ุชุณุชู‚ุจู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:21,810 --> 00:20:29,290
1119
+ urethral discharge ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุฌุงูƒ request form ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:29,290 --> 00:20:33,090
1123
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ูˆู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ู‡ู†ุง female ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:33,090 --> 00:20:38,930
1127
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณุŒ gender ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ูˆู„ุงูŠู†ุง urethral
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:40,010 --> 00:20:45,130
1131
+ discharge ูˆู…ุทู„ูˆุจุด ุงู„ุขู† granstein ุจูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠุณูŠู†
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:20:45,130 --> 00:20:51,810
1135
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงู‡ female ูŠุจู‚ู‰ rejected ู…ุฑููˆุถ ู„ูˆ ุฌุงู„ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:20:51,810 --> 00:21:00,110
1139
+ culture ู…ู‚ุจูˆู„ ู…ุงูู‡ู…ุด ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู‰ ู„ุณู‡ ุงู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจู‚ูˆู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:00,110 --> 00:21:03,270
1143
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช granstein ูˆุงู†ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:03,270 --> 00:21:05,970
1147
+ ุฌุงุชูŠ granine ูˆุงู†ุง ุฌุงุชูŠ cocaine ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:11,090
1151
+ nothing ุตุญ ูˆ ุฐู„ูƒูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ุด normal ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:11,090 --> 00:21:14,510
1155
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุช ู…ูˆุงูู‚ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:14,510 --> 00:21:18,990
1159
+ ุจูˆุงูู‚ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ culture ููŠ ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:18,990 --> 00:21:24,070
1163
+ culture ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† normal microbiota ูˆุจูŠู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:24,070 --> 00:21:30,420
1167
+ pathogenic ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† Gram Stain
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:30,420 --> 00:21:34,580
1171
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ useless ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:34,580 --> 00:21:37,640
1175
+ ู‡ูˆ ุทู„ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฌูŠุจูƒ ุจุณ ุงู†ู‡ Gram Stain ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:40,660
1179
+ ุจุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู†ุง Gram Stain for urethral discharge
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:40,660 --> 00:21:43,060
1183
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ rejected ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุง mail
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:53,060
1187
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฌุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ hospital policy ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณู…ุญ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:21:53,060 --> 00:21:57,840
1191
+ ู„ุนู…ู„ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ู…ุณุชุฑูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ูุงุฆุฏุฉุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ู…ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,200
1195
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† male ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:03,030 --> 00:22:06,110
1199
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุฑู†ุง ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† .. ุตุฑู†ุง ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ grammar stain
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:06,110 --> 00:22:10,490
1203
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ urethral discharge ู„ู„ female is of no valueุŒ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:10,490 --> 00:22:14,930
1207
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ male ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุนุทูŠ presumptive diagnosisุŒ ู‡ู„ุฃ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:14,930 --> 00:22:17,690
1211
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุดูˆูุช ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉุŸ ูˆ ู„ูŠุด
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:17,690 --> 00:22:23,400
1215
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู„ู‡ุŸุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุดูุช gram negative diplococci ู…ุด ุจุณ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:28,280
1219
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุดูุช gram negative diplococci ูˆุดูุช ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:31,900
1223
+ intracellular ูˆู„ุง extracellular ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:31,900 --> 00:22:34,180
1227
+ intracellular ูˆ extracellular ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุน
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:22:34,180 --> 00:22:35,920
1231
+ ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:46,870 --> 00:22:52,870
1235
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:22:52,870 --> 00:22:56,930
1239
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† blood cells white blood cells ู„ุงุญุธูˆู„ูŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:22:56,930 --> 00:23:02,910
1243
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏุจู„ูˆ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:02,910 --> 00:23:07,450
1247
+ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:07,450 --> 00:23:07,450
1251
+ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:07,450 --> 00:23:10,050
1255
+ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:10,050 --> 00:23:11,270
1259
+ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:23:11,270 --> 00:23:16,230
1263
+ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃูˆุตู ูˆุฑุง ุชุญุช
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:23:16,230 --> 00:23:19,650
1267
+ ุงู„ microscope ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ bus cells ูˆ ู„ุง ููŠุด bus
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:23:19,650 --> 00:23:23,810
1271
+ cells ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ bus cells ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ high power
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:23:23,810 --> 00:23:27,670
1275
+ field ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูˆุตู
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:23:27,670 --> 00:23:31,690
1279
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ oil immersion ุจูˆุตู ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ bus cells ูˆ ุจูˆุตู
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:23:31,690 --> 00:23:36,870
1283
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ bus cells ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:23:36,870 --> 00:23:41,810
1287
+ ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ground positive ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠู†ูˆุจุงูˆุตู
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:23:41,810 --> 00:23:45,710
1291
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ intracellular ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู„ูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:23:45,710 --> 00:23:51,430
1295
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ intracellular ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ extracellular
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:55,130
1299
+ ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุงูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:23:55,130 --> 00:23:59,450
1303
+ ู„ูƒู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง ุจุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ gram
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:23:59,450 --> 00:24:03,510
1307
+ staining ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงูŠ staining ู…ุงุจู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:24:03,510 --> 00:24:08,090
1311
+ ุงู„ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ staining with specific antibody ุฒูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:24:08,090 --> 00:24:12,040
1315
+ ุงู„ fluorescentุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ gram staining ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุฏ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:17,540
1319
+ ูุงุตู„ staining we just describe ุจู†ูˆุตู ู…ุง ู†ุฑุง ุจุฏู‚ุฉ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:24:17,540 --> 00:24:21,740
1323
+ ูุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง gram negative diplokokai that are found
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:24:21,740 --> 00:24:27,980
1327
+ mostly intracellularly ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจุŸ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:24:27,980 --> 00:24:31,920
1331
+ ุจูŠูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฏูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง acute stage
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:32,460 --> 00:24:36,800
1335
+ acute stage ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุดูˆู ุงุณู…ูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู…ูŠุฑ ูˆ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:36,800 --> 00:24:40,660
1339
+ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ููŠู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงุฌุฑุงู… negative
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:40,660 --> 00:24:46,680
1343
+ diplococci mostly found extracellularly ุจูŠูู‡ู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:24:46,680 --> 00:24:53,700
1347
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ chronic ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉchronic ุบู†ุฑูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:24:53,700 --> 00:24:57,820
1351
+ acute ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ chronic ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:24:57,820 --> 00:25:02,720
1355
+ intracellular ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช extracellular ุงุฐุง I just
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:02,720 --> 00:25:05,600
1359
+ describe what I see ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒูˆุง ู‡ูŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:25:05,600 --> 00:25:08,360
1363
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠู„ ู…ูƒุจุฑุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:25:08,360 --> 00:25:12,600
1367
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ ู…ู† pastels ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ ู…ู† ุทุจู‚
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:25:13,370 --> 00:25:15,890
1371
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† culture ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ chocolate agar
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:25:15,890 --> 00:25:18,990
1375
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู† bust cells ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŸ ู…ุงููŠุด
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:25:18,990 --> 00:25:21,450
1379
+ bust cells ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ pure culture of ground
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:25:21,450 --> 00:25:32,570
1383
+ negative diplococam ุชูุถู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:25:32,570 --> 00:25:34,890
1387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงุฑู
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:42,840
1391
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุฑ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูƒู„ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงุจุชุฑู…ุจูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:42,840 --> 00:25:45,440
1395
+ ู„ุง ุจุณ ูู„ู‡ุง ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ุŸ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ ูƒู„ ู‡ู…ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:48,780
1399
+ ุจุชุจู†ู…ูˆุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:25:48,780 --> 00:25:52,840
1403
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ .. ุงู„ู†ุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:25:52,840 --> 00:25:57,460
1407
+ ุงู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ ูƒ differential characterุŒ ุงู„ pathogen
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:25:57,460 --> 00:26:02,100
1411
+ negative ูˆ ุงู„ non .. ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฐูƒุฑุชูƒ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุงู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:02,100 --> 00:26:05,520
1415
+ pathogenุŒ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุนุทู„ูŠู†ูƒ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุนู†
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:05,520 --> 00:26:06,160
1419
+ ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:09,740 --> 00:26:13,560
1423
+ ุงู„ pathogenes ุงู„ pathogenes ู„ุง ูŠู†ู…ูˆ negative ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:13,560 --> 00:26:22,940
1427
+ ุงู„ none patho positive ู„ู„ growth ูุงู†ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:26:22,940 --> 00:26:27,100
1431
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ ูƒุตูุฉ ู„ู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:26:27,100 --> 00:26:30,620
1435
+ meningitis ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:36,770 --> 00:26:40,730
1439
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ evidence ุงู†ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุนุถ ุงู„
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:26:40,730 --> 00:26:44,530
1443
+ infection ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ ear ูˆ ุงู„ oral cavityุŒ ุจุณ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:26:44,530 --> 00:26:46,750
1447
+ ุฃูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ major pathogensุŒ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:26:46,750 --> 00:26:49,630
1451
+ .. ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ nyseria ูƒุชุฑุงุฑูŠุณ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:26:49,630 --> 00:26:53,750
1455
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุณุฎู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุดูŠู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ nyseria
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:26:53,750 --> 00:26:56,750
1459
+ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุŒ ูุงู†ุช ู…ุงุชู†ุงู‚ุด .. ู…ุงุชู†ุงู‚ุดุงุด ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู†
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:26:56,750 --> 00:26:58,550
1463
+ ุงู„ nyseriaุŒ ุฎู„ุงุต ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุณู… ุฌุฒูŠุฑ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:03,090 --> 00:27:06,970
1467
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุนุฑูู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:06,970 --> 00:27:11,150
1471
+ ุงู†ู‡ they cannot survive they will survive only for
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:11,150 --> 00:27:14,770
1475
+ brief periods outside the body ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:14,770 --> 00:27:20,430
1479
+ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฏุณู… ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู…
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:20,430 --> 00:27:26,520
1483
+ ุจุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉู„ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงูŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:29,400
1487
+ disinfectant ุงู†ุง ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงูŠ traces ู…ู† ุงูŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:34,380
1491
+ disinfectant ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู…ุณุญ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:27:34,380 --> 00:27:39,440
1495
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏ ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจ warm warm ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงููŠ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:27:39,440 --> 00:27:45,600
1499
+ sterile saline warm sterile saline ูˆู„ู…ุง ุชุฌู…ุน
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:50,100
1503
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชุฌู…ุนู‡ุงุด ุนู„ู‰ swab ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:27:50,100 --> 00:27:51,920
1507
+ transport media transport
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:57,070 --> 00:28:02,470
1511
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ Transgroup ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:28:02,470 --> 00:28:09,450
1515
+ transport media ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† swap ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ูƒู†
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:28:09,450 --> 00:28:16,930
1519
+ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุฌูŠู„ูŠ like components
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:28:16,930 --> 00:28:22,140
1523
+ ุงู„ุบุฑุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ swapูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:22,140 --> 00:28:25,460
1527
+ ุงุฎุฏู‡ ุจุถุบุทู‡ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€Gel-like structure
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:25,460 --> 00:28:29,600
1531
+ ู‡ุงู†ุงุŒ ู„ุบู„ุท ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ู‘ู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญู…ู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:31,760
1535
+ ุงู„ู€BacteriaุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุญ ุจูŠุดุนุณู„ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:31,760 --> 00:28:34,940
1539
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:34,940 --> 00:28:39,140
1543
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€Bacteria ู‡ุงู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:28:39,140 --> 00:28:41,860
1547
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู‡ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€Hana ูˆุงุตู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:28:41,860 --> 00:28:46,040
1551
+ ุงู„ู€Gel-like structure to protect the bacteria from
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:51,690
1555
+ drying ูู‚ุท ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูุงูุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:28:51,690 --> 00:28:54,450
1559
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง very fragileุŒ very
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:28:54,450 --> 00:28:57,770
1563
+ fragileุŒ very delicateุŒ cannot survive for long
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:28:57,770 --> 00:29:01,110
1567
+ period outside the bodyุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ transport
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:29:01,110 --> 00:29:03,990
1571
+ mediaุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ูƒ ุญุทูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ุงุชุญุทู‡ุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:29:03,990 --> 00:29:08,650
1575
+ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ transport as soon as possibleุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:29:08,650 --> 00:29:11,930
1579
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู†ุถูŠุนู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:29:11,930 --> 00:29:17,560
1583
+ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูˆุชุฅุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:29:17,560 --> 00:29:20,660
1587
+ ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ should be collected in a way in a way to
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:20,660 --> 00:29:24,600
1591
+ avoid contact with any disinfectant it should be
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:28,800
1595
+ placed in a transport ุฃูˆ special transport media
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:29:28,800 --> 00:29:31,840
1599
+ and it should be transported to the laboratory as
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:35,580
1603
+ soon as possible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:29:41,140 --> 00:29:45,540
1607
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุจู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ ู…ู‚ุชุจุณุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจ ู…ู†
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:29:45,540 --> 00:29:52,000
1611
+ ูƒุชุงุจ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:56,580
1615
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฌู†ุงุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏูŠ adapted ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:29:56,580 --> 00:30:00,440
1619
+ ูู‚ุท ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† the difficulty in growing
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:03,380
1623
+ gonorrhea in the laboratory as well as their
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:30:03,380 --> 00:30:06,980
1627
+ failure to infect laboratory animals ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:30:06,980 --> 00:30:11,960
1631
+ ุชู†ู…ูŠุชู†ุง ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุงู†ู‡
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:30:11,960 --> 00:30:14,580
1635
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ infection ู„ู„ laboratory animals ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง the
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:30:14,580 --> 00:30:20,290
1639
+ only non host for this organism ุงูŠุด ู…ูŠู†ุŸ manู‡ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:30:20,290 --> 00:30:29,170
1643
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:29,170 --> 00:30:34,250
1647
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูู‚ุท ู…ู‡ุชู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:34,250 --> 00:30:37,670
1651
+ infection ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:37,670 --> 00:30:44,030
1655
+ ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฃูŠ ุตู†ุน ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ mood of
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:44,030 --> 00:30:47,450
1659
+ transmission ู‡ูŠ directly by ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ sexual
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:30:47,450 --> 00:30:49,470
1663
+ contact
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:30:55,840 --> 00:31:02,020
1667
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุจุณ ู†ูˆุถุญู‡ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:31:02,020 --> 00:31:05,980
1671
+ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ุฉ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:31:05,980 --> 00:31:11,220
1675
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:31:11,220 --> 00:31:14,400
1679
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ูุชุงุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ุฃุตู„ุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:31:14,400 --> 00:31:19,440
1683
+ ู…ู†ุชุฒู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนุตุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชูƒุจูŠ ุฐู†ูˆุจ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:25,070
1687
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:31:25,070 --> 00:31:29,470
1691
+ percentage ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุถุฆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:31:29,470 --> 00:31:34,950
1695
+ ุจุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ microbiology ูˆู„ู… ุงุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:31:34,950 --> 00:31:38,090
1699
+ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงูŠ ุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงุช ุงูˆ ู„ู… ุงุณู…ุน ู…ู†
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:31:38,090 --> 00:31:40,910
1703
+ ุฒู…ู„ุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู†ู‡ู… ุนุงุฏู„ูˆุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงูˆ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:31:40,910 --> 00:31:45,530
1707
+ ุดุงููˆุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ุฑูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุทุงู„ุจุง ุงุฏุฑุณ ููŠ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:31:45,530 --> 00:31:52,750
1711
+ ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู† ูƒู†ุงูˆุดุจู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุง ุงู†ุดูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฃุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:31:52,750 --> 00:31:57,210
1715
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณุชุฉ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:31:57,210 --> 00:32:01,250
1719
+ graph stain ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู„ุงุชุฑุงู„ุฏุดุงุฑูƒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูƒูˆู† positive
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:32:01,250 --> 00:32:05,170
1723
+ ู„ุฅู† ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆุงู†ุฑูŠุฉ ูู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุคุงู„ูƒ ุงู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:32:05,170 --> 00:32:05,470
1727
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:32:11,930 --> 00:32:16,150
1731
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ symptoms ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฒุนุฌุฉ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:32:16,150 --> 00:32:21,190
1735
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ symptoms ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ูู‚ุท ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ discomfort
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:32:21,190 --> 00:32:26,890
1739
+ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชุตุงุญุจ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:32:26,890 --> 00:32:32,910
1743
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคู„ู… ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:32:32,910 --> 00:32:39,920
1747
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุฏู„ุงุฆู„ ูˆ evidence ู‚ูˆูŠ ุจุฅู†ู‡ repeated infection ูˆ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:32:39,920 --> 00:32:44,100
1751
+ untreated infection ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ sterilityุŒ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:32:44,100 --> 00:32:49,980
1755
+ sterility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ู…ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุงู„ุนู‚ู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:32:49,980 --> 00:32:54,540
1759
+ scars ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌุŒ scars ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุซุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุฑูƒู‡ุง
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:32:54,540 --> 00:33:01,210
1763
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฏูˆุจ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู„ disease ูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:33:01,210 --> 00:33:05,210
1767
+ ุจุดูƒู„ cervicitis ุงูˆ cervicovaginitis ุงูˆ urethritis
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:33:05,210 --> 00:33:08,890
1771
+ ูˆ rectal ูˆ pharyngeal involvement ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:33:08,890 --> 00:33:11,870
1775
+ ู…ุงูƒู†ุงุด ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฒู…ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุฏู‡ rectal ูˆ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:33:11,870 --> 00:33:15,230
1779
+ pharyngeal ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุดุฏูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:33:15,230 --> 00:33:20,990
1783
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ can infect
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:33:20,990 --> 00:33:25,400
1787
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ rectumูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ oropharyngeal
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:33:25,400 --> 00:33:29,500
1791
+ oropharyngeal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุฌู… ุนู† ุงู„ rectal sex ุงูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงู„
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:33:29,500 --> 00:33:35,760
1795
+ sex ุงูˆ ุงู„ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ oral sex ูˆ ูƒู„ุง ู‡ู…ุง ู…ู†ุชุดุฑูŠู†
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:33:35,760 --> 00:33:41,480
1799
+ ูƒุดุฐูˆุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ู„ุงู† ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ diseases
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:33:41,480 --> 00:33:46,840
1803
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ูˆ ู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ู…
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:33:46,840 --> 00:33:49,360
1807
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ophthalmia neonatrum
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:33:53,130 --> 00:33:56,170
1811
+ ูˆุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ infection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ conjunctiva
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:33:56,170 --> 00:34:01,610
1815
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:34:01,610 --> 00:34:05,490
1819
+ ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุฑูˆุฑู‡ู… ุนุจุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:34:05,490 --> 00:34:10,070
1823
+ micro organism ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง infection ูˆ ุงู„ infection
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:34:10,070 --> 00:34:14,950
1827
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ blindness if untreated blindness
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:21,600
1831
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุจุตุฑู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:27,720
1835
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ the second most prevalent disease ููŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:34:27,720 --> 00:34:35,160
1839
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ุฃู… ุชู„ุช
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:40,940
1843
+ ุทูู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูˆุถุน ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงูŠู‡ ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู…ู† silver nitrate two
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:34:40,940 --> 00:34:48,070
1847
+ percent silver nitrate ูƒุฅุฌุฑุงุก ูˆู‚ุงุฆุนูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุทุจ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:34:48,070 --> 00:34:51,870
1851
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงุณุชุจุฏู„ Silver Nitrate ุจ Antibiotics ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:34:51,870 --> 00:34:53,750
1855
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌุชุฑู„ู‡ ุฌุชุฑุง ุจุงู„ Antibiotics ุจุฏู„ Silver
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:34:53,750 --> 00:34:57,550
1859
+ Nitrate ู„ุฃู† Silver Nitrate ุซุจุช ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฐูŠ ุนูŠู†ุงูŠ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:34:57,550 --> 00:35:04,230
1863
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูˆู„ูˆ ุดุฆุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:35:04,230 --> 00:35:07,790
1867
+ Ophthalmia Neonatrum ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฅูŠุด ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:35:07,790 --> 00:35:12,630
1871
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠุน ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Antibiotic SolutionููŠู†ุฏ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:35:12,630 --> 00:35:16,810
1875
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ PID ุฃูˆ Pelvic Inflammatory
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:35:16,810 --> 00:35:20,790
1879
+ Disease ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† complication .. ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:35:20,790 --> 00:35:25,450
1883
+ ุนู† complication ุจุชุญุฏุซ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:35:25,450 --> 00:35:27,650
1887
+ ููŠ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ ..
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:35:30,820 --> 00:35:35,940
1891
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงู† ุงู„ .. ุทุจุนุง ู„ุญุธุฉ ููŠ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:35:35,940 --> 00:35:39,620
1895
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Arthritis ู…ุงุฐูƒุฑู†ุงุด ุฎุงู„ุต ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:35:39,620 --> 00:35:43,380
1899
+ arthritis ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุงูŠุถุง ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:35:43,380 --> 00:35:46,460
1903
+ ุฒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ deposition ู„ู„ antigen-antibody
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:35:46,460 --> 00:35:49,790
1907
+ complexes ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:35:49,790 --> 00:35:53,270
1911
+ activation ู„ ุงู„ compliment ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:35:53,270 --> 00:36:00,030
1915
+ activation ู„ ุงู„ attack ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:36:00,030 --> 00:36:05,430
1919
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงู„ุฉ purely in discharge ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ู† ู†ูŠูˆ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:36:05,430 --> 00:36:09,590
1923
+ ู†ูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ blindness
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:36:12,250 --> 00:36:15,530
1927
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ diagnosis ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุนุฑุถ ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุง ุงุชุญุฏุซู†ุง
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:36:15,530 --> 00:36:18,310
1931
+ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ diagnosis ู„ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง urethral discharge
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:36:18,310 --> 00:36:22,750
1935
+ gram stain ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ gram stain ู„ูƒู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ู€ gram
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:36:22,750 --> 00:36:26,450
1939
+ stain ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ male ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ female ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:36:26,450 --> 00:36:31,590
1943
+ golden standard ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ culture ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:36:31,590 --> 00:36:35,230
1947
+ culture ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:36:35,230 --> 00:36:38,930
1951
+ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู†ูุถู„ ู†ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:36:38,930 --> 00:36:45,810
1955
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑู„ูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุชุดูŠูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:36:45,810 --> 00:36:49,230
1959
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:36:49,230 --> 00:36:49,790
1963
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:36:49,790 --> 00:36:50,330
1967
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:36:50,330 --> 00:36:57,050
1971
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:36:57,050 --> 00:36:59,110
1975
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:36:59,110 --> 00:36:59,110
1979
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:36:59,110 --> 00:36:59,110
1983
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:36:59,110 --> 00:37:02,250
1987
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ูุงูƒูˆู„ุงุช
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:37:02,250 --> 00:37:05,630
1991
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:37:07,980 --> 00:37:10,940
1995
+ ูุจู†ูุถู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุฎู‘ู† ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ู…ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู€chocolate
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:37:10,940 --> 00:37:13,860
1999
+ agar ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ blood agar ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณ ุชุณุฎูŠู†ู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:37:13,860 --> 00:37:18,020
2003
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌู‡ ู…ุงุฆูˆูŠุฉ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌู‡
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:37:18,020 --> 00:37:20,800
2007
+ ู…ุงุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ toxic material
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:37:20,800 --> 00:37:24,560
2011
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูุจู†ูุถู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:37:24,560 --> 00:37:27,380
2015
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ chocolate agar ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ blood
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:37:27,380 --> 00:37:32,520
2019
+ agar ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:37:32,520 --> 00:37:35,020
2023
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุจุฏู‡ุง CO2
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:37:38,300 --> 00:37:43,700
2027
+ ู…ุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู†ุง capnophilic ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ CO2 ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:37:43,700 --> 00:37:49,080
2031
+ ุนุฑูุชู‡ุŸ
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:37:49,080 --> 00:38:01,880
2035
+ ู‡ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูƒูˆุง
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:38:01,880 --> 00:38:06,790
2039
+ ุงุฑุจุน ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุชุนุฑููˆู‡ู…ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ ุงู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:38:06,790 --> 00:38:14,270
2043
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠุชุณ ูˆ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุด ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ู… CO2 ูˆ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:38:14,270 --> 00:38:17,650
2047
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชู…ูˆุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฏ ูุฅุฐุง ูˆุงู†
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:38:17,650 --> 00:38:21,610
2051
+ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฏ can .. and under CO2 can provide
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:38:21,610 --> 00:38:25,110
2055
+ growth for these fastidious ุฃูˆ delicate
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:38:25,110 --> 00:38:29,020
2059
+ microorganismsุงู„ู€ temperature ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:38:29,020 --> 00:38:32,300
2063
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ูƒุงู†ุช
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:38:32,300 --> 00:38:34,680
2067
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู†ุต ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:38,800
2071
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุชู„
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:41,940
2075
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุชู„ .. ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุฌุฏุชู„ูƒูˆุง
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:38:41,940 --> 00:38:45,460
2079
+ .. ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุฌุฏุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชููƒูŠุฑ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:38:45,460 --> 00:38:48,800
2083
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู€ microbiology ูˆ ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ..
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:38:48,800 --> 00:38:53,920
2087
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ incubation ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:38:53,920 --> 00:38:58,080
2091
+ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉุทุจุนุง ุงู„ bacteria oxidase ุงู„ reaction ุชุจุงุนู‡ุง
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:38:58,080 --> 00:39:01,560
2095
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† oxidase ุจูุณุชุจ ูˆ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ูˆุฏุง
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:39:01,560 --> 00:39:07,300
2099
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุถ ุงู„ูุตู„ ููŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:39:07,300 --> 00:39:11,680
2103
+ ุฃุณูŠู†ูŠุชูˆ ุจุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดุงุจู‡ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ู…
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:16,050
2107
+ ุงู„ุจุนุถููŠู† ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงุฑุณู…ู‡ุง fluorescent antibody tagging
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:39:16,050 --> 00:39:19,810
2111
+ test ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† staining ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:39:19,810 --> 00:39:22,490
2115
+ antibody ุงู„ specific ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ staining ู…ุด ุนุงุฏูŠ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:39:22,490 --> 00:39:27,270
2119
+ fluorescent label ูˆ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠู†
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:39:27,270 --> 00:39:30,890
2123
+ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ cta ูˆ ุงู„ cta ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:39:30,890 --> 00:39:36,510
2127
+ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุจูˆุณุชู ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:39:36,510 --> 00:39:41,770
2131
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠุชุณ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:39:41,770 --> 00:39:46,410
2135
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู„ู‡ุง off media
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:39:46,410 --> 00:39:49,830
2139
+ ุตุญ oxidation fermentation media ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:39:49,830 --> 00:39:54,360
2143
+ ู…ุงุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ off ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง fastidiousูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:39:54,360 --> 00:39:58,920
2147
+ ุตู…ู…ู†ุง ู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงุณู…ู‡ 16 triptychase ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุถูู†ุง
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:02,220
2151
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุถูู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุถูู†ุง
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:40:02,220 --> 00:40:06,600
2155
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑูˆุฒุŒ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท ุจุตุฏู
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:40:06,600 --> 00:40:10,700
2159
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุชุงูŠุชุณ ุจุตุฏู
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:40:10,700 --> 00:40:12,320
2163
+ ู„ู„ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ูˆู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒุŒ good
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:40:19,100 --> 00:40:22,180
2167
+ ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง .. ุงุญู†ุง .. ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:40:22,180 --> 00:40:27,460
2171
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฃุฎุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ูุจุฏู†ุง
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:40:27,460 --> 00:40:31,840
2175
+ ู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุดุฑุญ ุจู†ุดุฑุญ ุจุงู„
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:40:31,840 --> 00:40:37,020
2179
+ consecutive ูุญุต ุทู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠ ..
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:40:37,020 --> 00:40:41,900
2183
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ูุญุต ุทู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ูุญุตุงุช ุฌู†ุจุง
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:40:41,900 --> 00:40:47,340
2187
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูุญุต ุทู„ูˆ ุงู„ูุญุต ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ูŠูˆู…ู„ูƒู†
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:40:47,340 --> 00:40:51,600
2191
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุบูŠุฑ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:40:51,600 --> 00:40:54,800
2195
+ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุจุนุฏ ุชู„ุงุช ุฃูŠุงู… ูุงุญู†ุง ู„ู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ูˆ
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:40:54,800 --> 00:40:58,700
2199
+ ู„ู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ consecutive test ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:40:58,700 --> 00:41:02,920
2203
+ ุจุนุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ parallel test
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:41:02,920 --> 00:41:06,960
2207
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ chocolate agar ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:41:06,960 --> 00:41:11,820
2211
+ ุงุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ุง glistening ู„ุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:41:11,820 --> 00:41:13,040
2215
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฑูŠู‚
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:41:20,170 --> 00:41:23,470
2219
+ ูู‰ ูˆุทู† ุชุงู†ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:41:23,470 --> 00:41:26,310
2223
+ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุงุŸ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ urethral dischargeุŒ ุทุจ ูˆ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:41:26,310 --> 00:41:28,730
2227
+ ุงู„ู€ urethra ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช male ูˆู„ุง female ู…ุงููŠู‡ุง
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:41:28,730 --> 00:41:35,140
2231
+ normal microbiotaุจุณ ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ female ุงู†ู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:41:35,140 --> 00:41:37,800
2235
+ ุงู„ normal microbiota ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง other
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:41,840
2239
+ than ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ุฑูŠุง ูุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฒู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู†
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:41:41,840 --> 00:41:44,280
2243
+ community ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจุฏูŠ selective media ูˆู„ุง
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:41:44,280 --> 00:41:47,200
2247
+ ุจุฏูŠุด selective media ุงู„ selective media ุชุจุนูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:41:47,200 --> 00:41:50,500
2251
+ thiamartin medium ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆ thiamartin mediumุŸ ู‡ูˆ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:41:50,500 --> 00:41:55,380
2255
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† very similar to chocolate agar ู„ูƒู† ู…ุถุงู
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:41:55,380 --> 00:41:58,080
2259
+ ู„ู‡ antibiotics ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:42:03,250 --> 00:42:10,910
2263
+ ุจู†ูƒู…ูŠุณูŠู† ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† ู†ุณุชุงุชูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ูƒู…ูŠุณูŠู†
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:42:10,910 --> 00:42:15,470
2267
+ ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู†
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:42:15,470 --> 00:42:18,790
2271
+ ู†ุณุชุงุชูŠู†
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:42:18,790 --> 00:42:23,090
2275
+ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒู…ูŠุณูŠู†
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:42:23,090 --> 00:42:24,970
2279
+ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุนุฑูุช ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ground positive ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:42:24,970 --> 00:42:28,730
2283
+ ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† ุงู„ู€ ground negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู†ุณุชุงุชูŠู†
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:42:28,730 --> 00:42:29,470
2287
+ ู„ู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:42:36,180 --> 00:42:37,600
2291
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
2292
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/Vw6Z8OjBY9A_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2740 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,810 --> 00:00:23,430
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู‡ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,430 --> 00:00:26,230
7
+ ุงู„ู€ streptococcus agalactia ูˆ ุงู„ streptococcus
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,230 --> 00:00:28,870
11
+ pneumonia ูˆ ุฅู† ุฃุณุนูู†ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ group D
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:28,870 --> 00:00:33,550
15
+ streptococci ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:33,550 --> 00:00:37,510
19
+ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุนู† group B ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง beta hemolytic ูˆ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,510 --> 00:00:41,910
23
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ Hemolysis ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood agar
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:45,790
27
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง group A ูˆู„ุง group B ูุงู„ุนู…ู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,790 --> 00:00:48,970
31
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Stratococcus Biogenes ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:48,970 --> 00:00:52,130
35
+ Stratococcus Agalactia ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Beta
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:52,130 --> 00:00:56,020
39
+ Hemolysisุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ part
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:56,020 --> 00:01:00,300
43
+ of the oral and vaginal normal flora ูˆ 5 ู„ 15% ู…ู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:00,300 --> 00:01:03,820
47
+ ุงู„ healthy individuals ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง both organisms ุงู„ู„ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,820 --> 00:01:06,860
51
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ galactia ูˆ ุงู„ bio genes in
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:06,860 --> 00:01:09,180
55
+ their nasopharynx ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ pharynx ููŠ ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:09,180 --> 00:01:11,340
59
+ vagina ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงุณ ูˆ ุงู„ intestinal tract
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,340 --> 00:01:14,800
63
+ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:14,800 --> 00:01:18,880
67
+ ููŠ ุฏูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ newborns ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃุทูุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:23,110
71
+ ุญุฏูŠุซูŠู† ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ in their
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,110 --> 00:01:25,850
75
+ vagina ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง all over the body ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:25,850 --> 00:01:30,190
79
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ General
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:30,190 --> 00:01:33,270
83
+ characteristics ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุจ ุจู„ุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:37,850
87
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ุจุงุชุฉ Hemolysis ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:37,850 --> 00:01:42,230
91
+ Striptococcus ู‡ูŠ ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ ุฃูŠุถุง negative ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:42,230 --> 00:01:46,900
95
+ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ negativeูˆููƒุฑุชูƒูˆุง ุงู†ุง ุงูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:46,900 --> 00:01:49,420
99
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชูƒูˆุง ุจุงู† ุงู„ Asteric Glucose Amine ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒุชูˆุฒ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:49,420 --> 00:01:51,840
103
+ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงู…ุงู†ูˆุฒ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุฏู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:57,200
107
+ blood group antigens ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุงูˆ ุชุนู…ู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:00,440
111
+ cross reaction ููŠ ุงู„ blood grouping ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:04,160
115
+ ู…ุตุงุจ ุจ infection with this microorganism ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:07,400
119
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ hydrolysis ู„ู„hyperate into benzoic acid
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:07,400 --> 00:02:10,560
123
+ and glycine ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ุงุฑุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:14,480
127
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ media ุฎุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงูŠ protein ุงูˆ ุงูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:19,670
131
+ amino acidุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู…ุงู† resistant to ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:19,670 --> 00:02:22,330
135
+ ุงู„bestracin differential disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ ..
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:22,330 --> 00:02:24,590
139
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ streptococcusุŒ biogenesุŒ ูƒู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,930
143
+ sensitiveุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช resistant ูู‡ูŠ other beta
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:27,930 --> 00:02:30,390
147
+ -haemolytic streptococci ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ other beta
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:30,390 --> 00:02:33,470
151
+ -haemolytic streptococciุŒ our own ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:33,470 --> 00:02:35,850
155
+ should be resistant to bestracin
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:38,470 --> 00:02:43,370
159
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ genesis ู„ู„ adult ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู… ุบุงู„ุจุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:43,370 --> 00:02:46,050
163
+ periparal sepsis ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ endocarditis ูˆ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:46,050 --> 00:02:49,130
167
+ periparal sepsis ู…ุฑุช ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:49,130 --> 00:02:51,890
171
+ ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ุงู… ุจุนุฏ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:55,610
175
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุช ุฃูŠุงู… endocarditis and pneumonia ู„ูƒู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:02:55,610 --> 00:02:58,850
179
+ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุญุจ ุนูŠู†ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:02:58,850 --> 00:03:02,780
183
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ neonatal infection which mayberanging
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:02,780 --> 00:03:07,120
187
+ from pneumonia, septicemia or meningitis ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:10,840
191
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ infection ููŠ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑ ุฃูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:14,280
195
+ ุงู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ bovine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุจุน ุงู„ mastitis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:17,200
199
+ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุซุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุน ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:21,400
203
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุจุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:26,450
207
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ micro organismุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ general
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:26,450 --> 00:03:29,650
211
+ media ุงู„ blood agar ูˆ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ selective mediaุŒ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:29,650 --> 00:03:32,970
215
+ ุงู„ selective media ู‡ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง crystal
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:32,970 --> 00:03:35,710
219
+ violet in low concentration ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:35,710 --> 00:03:39,690
223
+ ุณู„ูุงุช ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:40,050 --> 00:03:44,250
227
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุจูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:44,250 --> 00:03:46,670
231
+ ุจู„ุฏ ุงุฌุงุฑ ุงูŠุถุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุถุงู ู„ู‡ three antibiotics
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:03:46,670 --> 00:03:51,050
235
+ ุฌู†ุชุงู…ูŠุณูŠู† ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† and ู†ูŠุฑุงุฏูŠูƒุณูƒ ุงุณุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:03:51,050 --> 00:03:54,570
239
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ ู†ูŠุฑุงุฏูŠูƒุณูƒ ุนููˆุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:03:54,570 --> 00:03:58,530
243
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุณุงุทูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุณูˆุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุณุท
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:03:58,530 --> 00:04:02,470
247
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุด selective ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:02,470 --> 00:04:07,210
251
+ selective ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ can grow both biogenes
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:07,210 --> 00:04:10,780
255
+ and ุงุฌู„ุงูƒุชุทุจุนุง ุงู„ differentiation ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:14,740
259
+ ุณู‡ู„ ุจุงู„ test ุงู„ laboratory diagnosis ููŠู‡ ุงู†ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:14,740 --> 00:04:18,560
263
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง land field grouping
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:23,420
267
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌูˆู†ุง group B ู†ุนู… group B hyperate
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:23,420 --> 00:04:27,000
271
+ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุณูŠุด ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ูุญุต ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ case ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:31,120
275
+ hyperate ุงู„ู‰ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุฒูŠุงุช ุจู†ุฒูˆูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,340
279
+ could be detected by 9 ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:34,340 --> 00:04:37,480
283
+ ู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ camp test which is the most famous
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:40,820
287
+ test for the organism ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ bile ischoline ูˆู‡ูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:40,820 --> 00:04:48,130
291
+ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู„ enterococciุฃูˆ enteric oxide ุจุชูƒูˆู† negative
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:04:48,130 --> 00:04:51,410
295
+ ุนููˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ enteric oxide positive ุจูŠู†ู…ุง our
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:04:51,410 --> 00:04:54,170
299
+ organism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:04:54,170 --> 00:04:56,290
303
+ negative ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ latex agglutination ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:04:56,290 --> 00:05:00,730
307
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฑุจุท ุงู„ antibody ู„ latex
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:00,730 --> 00:05:04,030
311
+ particle ุฃูˆ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ antigen ู„ latex particle ู„ู„ุจุญุซ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:04,030 --> 00:05:08,450
315
+ ุนู† ุงู„ anti to visualize the reactionุฃูˆู„ ูุญุต ููŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:08,450 --> 00:05:10,130
319
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hepurate Hydrolysis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:10,130 --> 00:05:12,990
323
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:12,990 --> 00:05:15,790
327
+ Hepurate ุงู„ู€ Hepurate ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Stricting ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:15,790 --> 00:05:21,110
331
+ ูˆุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Spraying with 9-Hydrine ุงู„ู€9
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:21,110 --> 00:05:24,170
335
+ -Hydrine ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุฃูŠ Amino Acid ุจุฃูŠ Amino Acid
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:24,170 --> 00:05:27,290
339
+ ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ purple color ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ purple color ู…ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:27,290 --> 00:05:29,890
343
+ ุจุญุงูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ Amino Acid ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ูŠุฌูŠ Amino AcidุŸ ู…ู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:05:29,890 --> 00:05:34,310
347
+ ุงู„ู€Hydrolysis of Hepurate into Benzoic Acid and
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:38,260
351
+ Glycineูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ poster
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:05:38,260 --> 00:05:42,240
355
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ reaction ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ purple ุงู† ูƒุฏู‡
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:46,280
359
+ ุงู„ cam test ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:05:46,280 --> 00:05:49,600
363
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุจุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:55,940
367
+ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุจูŠู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:05:55,940 --> 00:06:01,200
371
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† blood agar plate ุฒุฑุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:06,840
375
+ Staphylococcus aureus ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:06,840 --> 00:06:10,840
379
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูŠุงุฌูŠู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูŠุงุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:10,840 --> 00:06:15,600
383
+ Beta Hemolytic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุฃูŠ aureus Beta Hemolytic
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:16,180 --> 00:06:18,180
387
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุฑูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:18,180 --> 00:06:21,700
391
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุฏุง ูƒู‡ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ storage ู„ุจุนุถ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:21,700 --> 00:06:24,500
395
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง that are used as their agents
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:24,500 --> 00:06:26,640
399
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ beta hemolytic .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:29,840
403
+ stephylococcus aureus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง suspected colony
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:33,660
407
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุด ุงูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ูƒุงู…
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:06:33,660 --> 00:06:37,540
411
+ test ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงูŠุด ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงู†ู‡ุง ..
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:06:37,540 --> 00:06:40,560
415
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง gram bostric oxide ุงู†ู‡ุง catalase negative
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:44,400
419
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง beta hemolytic ุงู†ู‡ุง pastracin resistantู„ู…ู‘ุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:47,920
423
+ ู†ุตู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ูุญุต ู…ูŠู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:52,600
427
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู… test ู‡ุฐุง ground positive ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠู†
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:06:52,600 --> 00:07:05,000
431
+ ูƒูŠุชุงู„ูŠุฒ negative beta hemolytic ุจุณุชุฑุงุณูŠู† resistant
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:10,000
435
+ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:12,840
439
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:18,560
443
+ Striptococcus ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุด ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Beta
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:22,120
447
+ -Hemolytic Striptococci ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุณ ุชุฑุงุณูŠู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:25,540
451
+ ุฑุฒุณุชุงู†ุช Beta-Hemolytic Striptococci for sure it is
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:25,540 --> 00:07:29,200
455
+ not biogenes ุตุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† others ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:29,200 --> 00:07:31,800
459
+ others ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌู„ุงูƒุชูŠุง ุชุญุณู†ูƒ ู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:34,820
463
+ ุทูŠุจ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:34,820 --> 00:07:39,080
467
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุด ู†ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:43,580
471
+ reaction ุญุตู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:07:43,580 --> 00:07:48,210
475
+ ุฒุฑุนู†ุงุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุจู€ Staphylococcus
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:52,270
479
+ aureus ูˆุงู„ู€ Suspect Strain ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ู…
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:07:52,270 --> 00:07:56,890
483
+ Perpendicular ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุน ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:07:56,890 --> 00:08:00,370
487
+ Staphylococcus aureus ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ Strain AุŒ Strain B
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:00,370 --> 00:08:04,910
491
+ ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุจู‚ุงู„ูƒ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุฎุฑุจุท ุจูŠู† A ูˆBุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:04,910 --> 00:08:06,710
495
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:06,710 --> 00:08:06,790
499
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:06,790 --> 00:08:06,810
503
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:06,810 --> 00:08:08,990
507
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:08,990 --> 00:08:13,450
511
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:13,450 --> 00:08:16,900
515
+ ุชู„ุงุชุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ู… ูˆู†ุญุทู‡ู… ุจุงู„ incubator ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:16,900 --> 00:08:22,180
519
+ ู†ูˆูŠุฉ twenty four hours ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† growth ูˆ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:22,180 --> 00:08:24,700
523
+ associated with the growth is hemolysis ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:24,700 --> 00:08:27,960
527
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง hemolysis ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:31,680
531
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hemolysis ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hemolysis ู‡ุงูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:33,600
535
+ ุงู„ hemolysis ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ focus aureus
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:40,030
539
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:08:40,030 --> 00:08:43,770
543
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ู€ HemolysisุŒ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:08:43,770 --> 00:08:48,750
547
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ GalactiaุŒ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:08:48,750 --> 00:08:54,210
551
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุก ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Hemolytic Area of
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:08:54,210 --> 00:08:58,510
555
+ Staphylococcus aureus ูˆ Hemolytic Area itself ุชูƒูˆู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:08:58,510 --> 00:09:03,210
559
+ ู…ุง ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู€ Arrow Head Formation ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุงุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:03,210 --> 00:09:09,330
563
+ Arrow Head Formation ู‡ุฐุงุŸู…ุด ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ู… ุชุฃุฐุฑู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:09,330 --> 00:09:13,570
567
+ ุงุญู†ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:13,570 --> 00:09:18,610
571
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู…ู„ ูู„ุงู† ูŠุถุงู ุงู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ ูู„ุงู†
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:18,610 --> 00:09:22,130
575
+ ูุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู†ูุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐุง simple mathematics
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:22,130 --> 00:09:27,910
579
+ ุญุณุงุจ addition ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ููŠ ุงู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:27,910 --> 00:09:31,510
583
+ synergism ููŠ ุงู„ synergism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฃุฐูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:31,510 --> 00:09:36,230
587
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:09:36,230 --> 00:09:39,990
591
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูู„ู…ู‘ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุงู„ hemolysin ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ hemolysin
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:43,930
595
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู… synergistic effect ูุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ zone ูุฃุนุทู‰
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:09:43,930 --> 00:09:46,590
599
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ูŠู†ุง arrow head
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:09:46,590 --> 00:09:49,330
603
+ formation ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ููŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:09:49,330 --> 00:09:50,790
607
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:09:57,570 --> 00:09:59,770
611
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ scenario ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุนู†ู‡ there is a
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:09:59,770 --> 00:10:08,610
615
+ factor ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠุฉ that enhanced ุญุณู† ุงู„ reaction
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:08,610 --> 00:10:12,510
619
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุชููŠู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ุงูˆุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุชุง ู‡ูŠู…ูˆู„ุงุณูŠู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:12,510 --> 00:10:15,950
623
+ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ factor ู‡ุฐุงุŸ camp factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:15,950 --> 00:10:19,910
627
+ camp ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุญุฑู ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:10:19,910 --> 00:10:22,830
631
+ ุทูˆุฑูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทู„ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง factor ุซู…
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:10:22,830 --> 00:10:24,990
635
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง camp test ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:10:27,870 --> 00:10:30,670
639
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Bi
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:10:30,670 --> 00:10:31,590
643
+ -ascline test
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:38,880
647
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู„ู† ูŠูƒุชุดู ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ ุจู„ ุณูŠูƒุชุดู
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:10:38,880 --> 00:10:44,440
651
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุดุฎุตูŠุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงุŒ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠู„ุŒ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:10:44,440 --> 00:10:49,060
655
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจูˆุชูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆูƒู„ูƒู… ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุถูู†ุงู‡ุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:10:49,060 --> 00:10:53,200
659
+ ุงุตู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒูˆู…ูƒูŠ ู„ุชู‚ู†ุน ุฒูˆุงุฌ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุฑุงู… ุฌูŠุฏ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:58,560
663
+ ู„ุชู‚ู†ุน ุฒูˆุงุฌ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุฑุงู… ุฌูŠุฏ ุถูู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒูˆู…ูƒูŠุŒ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:10:58,560 --> 00:11:01,540
667
+ ุถูู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ู€ selective,
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:05,980
671
+ lesionable ูˆุดุฌู„ุฉู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:05,980 --> 00:11:08,800
675
+ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ bileุŒ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:15,360
679
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุกุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:18,780
683
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ bileุŒ ุฃู…ุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ bile ุฃุตู„ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:11:18,780 --> 00:11:24,230
687
+ ุจุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠู†ูƒุจ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุกุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:11:24,230 --> 00:11:27,910
691
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ resistance ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุญุณุจ ูˆูŠู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:11:27,910 --> 00:11:32,310
695
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุงู„ bile ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุชุนุฏ ุนู†
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:35,570
699
+ ุงู„ bile duct ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ degradation
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:11:35,570 --> 00:11:40,430
703
+ ูˆุจุชูƒุณุฑ ูุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุจุนุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:11:40,430 --> 00:11:47,690
707
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู„ู„ bile duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:11:47,690 --> 00:11:54,730
711
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตุจ ุงู„ bileุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:11:54,730 --> 00:11:59,790
715
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠูƒุดู ุนู† ุตูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:11:59,790 --> 00:12:03,550
719
+ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ bio ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:03,550 --> 00:12:07,270
723
+ ุชุนู…ู„ hydrolysis ู„ู„ ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุงูŠ ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู†
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:07,270 --> 00:12:10,050
727
+ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุณูŠุณ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ bio ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู†
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:10,050 --> 00:12:14,490
731
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุชู…ุงู… ุจุชู†ุฒุฌู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:14,490 --> 00:12:17,770
735
+ hydrolysis ู„ู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง glucose ุฒุงุฏ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:23,270
739
+ glycone ุงุณูƒูˆู„ุชูŠู†ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ุชูŠู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:23,270 --> 00:12:27,030
743
+ ุจูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน iron salts ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ media ูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:12:27,030 --> 00:12:33,330
747
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ู„ู†ุง black or brown color ุงุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู…ุช
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:12:33,330 --> 00:12:36,390
751
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ bile ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู„ resistant
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:12:36,390 --> 00:12:39,810
755
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญู„ู„ุช ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:12:39,810 --> 00:12:45,770
759
+ ู…ุงุญู„ู„ุชูˆุดุŸ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุณูˆุฏุงุก ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:12:45,770 --> 00:12:51,770
763
+ ู…ู† ุงูŠู† ุงุฌุงุŸุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุญู„ู„ ูˆ ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠุชูŠู†
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:12:51,770 --> 00:12:54,490
767
+ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ iron salts ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:12:54,490 --> 00:12:58,190
771
+ media ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ุบุงู…ู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:12:58,190 --> 00:13:01,730
775
+ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ููŠู†ุง ุตูุชูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:01,730 --> 00:13:03,790
779
+ enterococcus ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:03,790 --> 00:13:08,430
783
+ ุงู„ุตูŠุจูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ enterococci ุจุธุชู ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:08,430 --> 00:13:13,290
787
+ ุงู„estetococcus ุงู„ุฌุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ ู†ูŠุฌุชุฑูˆุงูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชูˆุถุญ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:13,290 --> 00:13:17,430
791
+ ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุงู† ุงู„ .. ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:21,830
795
+ ุนู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูˆู† ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ูˆู† ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:21,830 --> 00:13:25,950
799
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูุญุต ุตุญ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุจุฏ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:28,910
803
+ ุชุฃุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ enterococcus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูƒุชุจู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:13:28,910 --> 00:13:33,030
807
+ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ูุณูƒ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุด ู…ู…ูƒู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:37,640
811
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ bileุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:40,980
815
+ ุงู„ bile ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุตู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:13:40,980 --> 00:13:43,580
819
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ screen hydrolysisุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:13:43,580 --> 00:13:46,600
823
+ okay biochemical test ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช selective
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:13:46,600 --> 00:13:50,480
827
+ mediaุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนุฒู„ ุจูˆุงุณุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ุฃุนุฒู„ ุงู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:52,860
831
+ enterococci ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:58,780
835
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ bile ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:13:58,780 --> 00:14:01,780
839
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุตุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ bile ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุตุจ ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:01,780 --> 00:14:04,760
843
+ bile ุงูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ุŸ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:07,840
847
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ resistance ู„ู‡ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:11,060
851
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏู†ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ dilution ู„ู„ bileุŒ ูƒู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:11,060 --> 00:14:14,400
855
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ุŒ ูุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนูŠุด ููŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:17,240
859
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฏูŠุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ high percentageุŒ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:21,980
863
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู‚ู„ resistance ู„ู„ bileุŒ ูˆุตู„ุชุŸู„ุฃ ุงุจูุฏู†ุงุด
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:14:21,980 --> 00:14:25,820
867
+ ุจุณ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ enterococci ุงูˆ ุงู† ู…ุด ูƒู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:14:25,820 --> 00:14:34,920
871
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง as equally resistant to bile ุงู„ูุญุต
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:14:34,920 --> 00:14:37,880
875
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุนููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ latex
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:14:37,880 --> 00:14:41,660
879
+ agglutinationุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ุจุชูˆุถุญู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:14:41,660 --> 00:14:45,140
883
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ positive control ูˆุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ negative
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:14:45,140 --> 00:14:48,400
887
+ control ู„ุญุธุฉ ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ agglutination
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:52,120
891
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† milky appearance ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:56,820
895
+ milky appearanceุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด agglutination ูˆููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:14:56,820 --> 00:15:00,620
899
+ distribution ู„ู„ lattice particle ููŠ ุงู„ solution
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:00,620 --> 00:15:05,790
903
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ negative reaction ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุฑุฉุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:05,790 --> 00:15:09,430
907
+ Latex agglutination ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุบุฑุถูŠู† ุงู…ุง ู„ู„ูƒุดู
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:09,430 --> 00:15:15,650
911
+ ุนู† ุงู„ antigen ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… antibody ู‡ู„ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:15,650 --> 00:15:19,310
915
+ ุจู†ูุนู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุตุŸ ู†ุนู… ุจู†ูุนู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ูˆ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:15:19,310 --> 00:15:25,710
919
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุฑุฑู†ุง ุงุฏุฎุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ streptococcus agalactica
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:15:25,710 --> 00:15:30,410
923
+ ูƒุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู…
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:35,490
927
+ ุญุงู…ู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:15:35,490 --> 00:15:41,350
931
+ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนุจุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:15:41,350 --> 00:15:45,350
935
+ ุฃูุถู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ culture ูˆู„ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ latex agglutinationุŸ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:15:46,940 --> 00:15:50,180
939
+ ุชุฌุนูˆุด ููŠ ุงู„ูุฎุชุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:15:50,180 --> 00:15:54,500
943
+ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ culture ุงู„ culture ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ .. ู…ู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:15:54,500 --> 00:15:57,320
947
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฏู‚ุฉ ูˆ sensitivity ูˆ ู…ุงุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:15:57,320 --> 00:16:01,040
951
+ antibiotic ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุฎุต ูˆ ุฃุณุฑุน ูŠู…ูƒู† ูุฅุญู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:04,900
955
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒ screening test ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุทู„ุน ุจุณุทู
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:04,900 --> 00:16:08,380
959
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ culture ูˆุตู„ุง ุตู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุฏูŠู„ ุนู† ุงู„
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:08,380 --> 00:16:10,720
963
+ culture ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุทู„ุน negative ูู‡ูˆ negative ู„ุฅู†ู‡
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:15,100
967
+ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฅู†ู‡ rapidity and
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:17,270 --> 00:16:21,170
971
+ sensitivity ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ sensitivity ุฃุณุงุณ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:16:21,170 --> 00:16:23,650
975
+ screening test ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† highly
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:16:23,650 --> 00:16:28,070
979
+ sensitive ู„ูŠุด highly sensitiveุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ negative
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:16:28,070 --> 00:16:31,150
983
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุฌุฏ negative ู…ุด ุถุงู„ูˆุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† highly specific
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:16:31,150 --> 00:16:34,410
987
+ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ confirmatory test ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฅู† ููŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:16:34,410 --> 00:16:39,510
991
+ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ sensitivity ูˆ ุงู„ specificity ุทูŠุจ to sum
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:16:39,510 --> 00:16:43,420
995
+ upุชู„ุฎูŠุต ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู„ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฏู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฑุฌุน
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:16:43,420 --> 00:16:46,920
999
+ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุชุฉ hemorretic streptococci
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:16:46,920 --> 00:16:50,960
1003
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต ุงู„ุจุณุชุฑุณูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู… ุฃู„ุฌุฃ ู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:16:50,960 --> 00:16:54,400
1007
+ serology ู„ู… ุฃู„ุฌุฃ ู„ serology ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:58,330
1011
+ it is expensiveูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„astrology ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงุชูƒู„ู…
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:16:58,330 --> 00:17:01,490
1015
+ ุนู† ุจูŠุณุชุฑุงุณูŠู† ุฏูŠุณูƒ ุงูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† beta hemolysis ุงูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:01,490 --> 00:17:05,250
1019
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† bile ischoline ู‡ุฐุง very .. very cheap
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:08,150
1023
+ test ุงุฐุง resistant ูˆ ุงุฐุง sensitiveุŒ ุงุฐุง sensitive
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:08,150 --> 00:17:11,710
1027
+ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง streptococcus biodeinsุŒ ุงุฐุง resistant
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:11,710 --> 00:17:14,570
1031
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ camp testุŒ ุงู„ camp test ุจูุณุท ูู‡ูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:17:14,570 --> 00:17:16,830
1035
+ streptococcus agalacticaุŒ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช camp test
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:17:16,830 --> 00:17:20,740
1039
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠ ูู‡ูŠ other beta hemolytic streptococcusู‡ู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:17:20,740 --> 00:17:24,120
1043
+ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุฃูƒู…ู„ุดุŸ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ู…ุนุงูŠุง
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:17:24,120 --> 00:17:26,640
1047
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง other groups of beta-hemolytic
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:30,100
1051
+ streptococci ุฃูƒู…ู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุฃูƒู…ู„ุดุŸ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู†ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:17:30,100 --> 00:17:33,540
1055
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:17:33,540 --> 00:17:37,540
1059
+ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ุฅุฐุง
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:17:37,540 --> 00:17:41,960
1063
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุชุจุนูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:45,820
1067
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุญุฑุณู…ุฉ ABI strepto
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:17:47,390 --> 00:17:52,090
1071
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ABI-20E ููŠ ABI-stripto ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ABI-stripto
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:17:52,090 --> 00:17:55,830
1075
+ ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู„ูƒู† ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉุŸ ู‡ุงู†ุง
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:58,750
1079
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉุŸ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุชุŸ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:17:58,750 --> 00:18:03,970
1083
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู‡ู… groups ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง A ูˆB ูˆD ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ..
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:03,970 --> 00:18:06,750
1087
+ ููŠ ุงู„stripto ูƒูˆูƒุณ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:18:06,750 --> 00:18:10,690
1091
+ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุชู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุฃูŠู† ุฑุงุญุชุŸ ู‡ูŠ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:18:10,690 --> 00:18:17,010
1095
+ ุจูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ูˆู‡ูŠ B ู…ุนุฏู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:18:17,010 --> 00:18:20,650
1099
+ Beta Hemolysis ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ Beta Hemolysis ูุฒูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:18:20,650 --> 00:18:23,430
1103
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:25,870
1107
+ identification ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:18:25,870 --> 00:18:26,930
1111
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชูˆุฑุฉ ูุถู„ูˆุด ุจุฌุฏูƒ ุชุญูƒูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:18:32,970 --> 00:18:37,150
1115
+ ุงู„ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจูƒุดู ุนู† body
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:44,110
1119
+ from the serum ุงูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ detection ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:18:44,110 --> 00:18:46,030
1123
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:18:49,240 --> 00:18:51,640
1127
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ streptococcus
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:18:51,640 --> 00:18:54,940
1131
+ pneumonia ูˆุงู„ู€ streptococcus pneumonia ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:18:54,940 --> 00:18:58,300
1135
+ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ gram-bostef ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Lancet shape ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:18:58,300 --> 00:19:07,220
1139
+ ู‡ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:19:07,220 --> 00:19:11,940
1143
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ capsulatedูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณุชุฑุจุช ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:19:11,940 --> 00:19:16,460
1147
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงู‰ and capsulated ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:19:16,460 --> 00:19:19,060
1151
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู„ุฃ ุงุณุชุฑุจุช ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงู‰ ูˆู…ุด
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:19:19,060 --> 00:19:23,940
1155
+ capsulated ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ุนู… ุจุณู…ุญูˆุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:19:23,940 --> 00:19:30,440
1159
+ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:35,360
1163
+ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุคูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:19:35,360 --> 00:19:39,040
1167
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุŒ ู„ุญุธุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:42,280
1171
+ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆูˆุงุถุญ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:46,280
1175
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ .. ู„ู‡ุง ุบู„ุงู ู„ู…ุง ุญู‚ู†ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:51,000
1179
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงูˆุณุŒ ู…ุง ู…ุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mouse ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ ..
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:54,560
1183
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุช ุงู„ mouse ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:58,580
1187
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุนู„ู… Griffith ูˆุฌุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:19:58,580 --> 00:20:01,060
1191
+ capsulated strain of streptococcus pneumonia is
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:01,060 --> 00:20:04,820
1195
+ pathogenicุŒ virulent ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ non pathogenicุŒ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:04,820 --> 00:20:10,000
1199
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆุณู…ูˆู‡ rough ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุณู…ูˆู‡ smooth
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:14,100
1203
+ ุงู„ roughness ูˆ ุงู„ smoothness ุงูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุญุฑู
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:20:14,100 --> 00:20:19,480
1207
+ ุงู„ R ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุญุฑู ุงู„ S ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ R colonies
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:23,860
1211
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ R colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ rough colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:20:23,860 --> 00:20:28,280
1215
+ non-capsulated ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ S colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ smooth
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:29,940
1219
+ colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ capsulated
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:20:33,140 --> 00:20:36,940
1223
+ ู„ุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:20:36,940 --> 00:20:41,940
1227
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูƒุงู† ูุงุฑู‚ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฏู…ุฏู„ูˆู„ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:47,000
1231
+ pathogen ูˆ none pathogen ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:48,800
1235
+ step to caucus pneumonia ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:53,700
1239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ pathogen ูุจุฏุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู†ูƒู…ู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:58,470
1243
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุชุจุนู‡ุงู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏูˆุง heat killed smooth strain
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:20:58,470 --> 00:21:03,090
1247
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ heat ุฃุณ heat killed ุฃุณ ู…ู‚ุชูˆู„ุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ุงุตุฑ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:03,090 --> 00:21:07,010
1251
+ ุฃูŠุด ููŠู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุญุทูˆุง ุงู„ ุงู„ rough strain ูˆุถุนูˆุง ููŠู‡
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:07,010 --> 00:21:12,170
1255
+ ุงู„ heat killed ู…ุด ุฏุฎู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุฉ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:12,170 --> 00:21:16,020
1259
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ู…ู† ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:16,020 --> 00:21:16,180
1263
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:21:16,180 --> 00:21:16,960
1267
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:17,240
1271
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:17,440
1275
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:17,820
1279
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:17,900
1283
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:23,800
1287
+ ุงู„ุชุชุชุชุช
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:21:27,710 --> 00:21:34,010
1291
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† ุงู„ DNA ู‡ูˆ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:21:34,010 --> 00:21:37,270
1295
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:21:37,270 --> 00:21:41,870
1299
+ Griffith ุฌุงุจ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ heat killed smooth ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:21:41,870 --> 00:21:45,470
1303
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ DNA ูˆ ุญุทู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฑุงู ูˆ ู„ุฌุฃ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:21:45,470 --> 00:21:49,430
1307
+ ูุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ DNA ูˆ ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:21:49,430 --> 00:21:51,610
1311
+ protein ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู†ูˆู„ุฏูˆุง
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:21:51,610 --> 00:21:55,330
1315
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:21:55,330 --> 00:21:57,530
1319
+ ู…ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ protein ู„ูŠุด ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:21:57,530 --> 00:22:00,250
1323
+ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠุฉุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงูŠุด .. ุงูˆ ุงูŠุด
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:22:00,250 --> 00:22:03,130
1327
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุชู‚ุงุฏุŸ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino acids
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:22:03,130 --> 00:22:08,110
1331
+ ู‡ู… ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino acid ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ DNA ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงุฑุจุน
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:22:08,110 --> 00:22:15,000
1335
+ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏู…ูŠู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ combinations ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนุทูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ..
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,600
1339
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ูƒุฃุญุฑู ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุญุฑู ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:22,340
1343
+ acids ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุท ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุญุฑู ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:22:22,340 --> 00:22:26,020
1347
+ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช .. ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ 28 ูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:22:26,020 --> 00:22:30,120
1351
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ 26 ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณุช
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:22:30,120 --> 00:22:34,280
1355
+ ุจู†ุง ุฏุฑุณุช ุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุญุฑู ูู‚ุท ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนุฏุฏ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:38,980
1359
+ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุบู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุบู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุชููƒุงู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:22:38,980 --> 00:22:43,100
1363
+ ุงู„ู…ุคู‡ู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:22:43,100 --> 00:22:47,440
1367
+ ูƒู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ protein ุฃูˆ ุงู„ amino acids ููƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:22:47,440 --> 00:22:51,500
1371
+ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ proof ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:54,160
1375
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ ..
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:22:59,210 --> 00:23:03,450
1379
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู… ุนุฒู„ู‡ุง ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู„ูˆูŠุณ ุจุงุณุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:23:03,450 --> 00:23:08,810
1383
+ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู‡
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:23:08,810 --> 00:23:12,990
1387
+ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ looper pneumonia ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ looper
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:23:12,990 --> 00:23:16,430
1391
+ pneumonia ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู† ุงู„ whole loop of the lung is
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:23:16,430 --> 00:23:19,570
1395
+ infected ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุฌุฒุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ lung ูˆ ุงู†ู…ุง ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:23:19,570 --> 00:23:23,750
1399
+ loop ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจุฉุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ two variants
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:25,650
1403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ capsulated ูˆ ุงู„ non-capsulated ุงู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:23:25,650 --> 00:23:30,110
1407
+ normal habitat they are normal flora of the upper
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:23:30,110 --> 00:23:33,750
1411
+ respiratory tract, nasopharyngeal ุฃูˆ oral flora
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:23:33,750 --> 00:23:37,010
1415
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุถุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:23:37,010 --> 00:23:41,090
1419
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุด infected are carrying this
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:23:41,090 --> 00:23:44,990
1423
+ organism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุถู‡ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ูƒ normal flora ูƒูŠู
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:23:44,990 --> 00:23:48,450
1427
+ ุชูุณุฑูˆุงุŸ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ูƒ normal flora ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:23:48,450 --> 00:23:54,590
1431
+ pneumoniaุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุญู†ุดูˆู ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:23:54,590 --> 00:23:59,630
1435
+ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฎุฏู†ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:23:59,630 --> 00:24:00,430
1439
+ ู†ู…ุณุญ ุจุตููˆุฑุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:13,520
1443
+ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ disease is pneumococcal
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:17,120
1447
+ pneumonia ู†ู…ูˆูƒูˆูƒุงู„ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู†
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:24:17,120 --> 00:24:22,480
1451
+ ุงูŠ ุงุฎุฑ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุชูŠูƒู„ูŠุจุณูŠู„ู‡ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:26,020
1455
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูู‰ ู‡ู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจุชุณุจุจ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:24:26,020 --> 00:24:29,880
1459
+ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ููƒูŠู ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุชู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:35,740
1463
+ pneumococcal pneumonia ูˆู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู† pneumococci is the
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:24:35,740 --> 00:24:40,100
1467
+ common name of streptococcus pneumonia pneumococci
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:24:41,860 --> 00:24:44,080
1471
+ ุทุจ ููŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุฏู„ุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุนู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:48,120
1475
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌูŠุชุงูŠุฏุณ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง meningococci ูˆ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:24:48,120 --> 00:24:52,640
1479
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง gonococci ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:59,360
1483
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏู„ุนู†ุงู‡ู… is
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:24:59,360 --> 00:25:04,560
1487
+ pneumonia ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง pneumococci ูˆ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:06,120
1491
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌูŠุชุงูŠุฏุณ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:13,960
1495
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ูˆ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆ ุฑูŠุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:25:13,960 --> 00:25:18,380
1499
+ ุฌูˆู†ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ุฌูˆู†ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:21,600
1503
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฏุจู„ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:26,080
1507
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ุชูŠู† gram ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:30,300
1511
+ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูุฑ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุทุฃ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:25:30,300 --> 00:25:35,460
1515
+ ุชุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู†ุนู… gram ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:25:35,460 --> 00:25:35,900
1519
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ gram
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:43,040
1523
+ ุทุจ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู…ู„ gram stain ู„ู€
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:25:43,040 --> 00:25:47,060
1527
+ streptococcus pneumonia ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ูˆ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:25:47,060 --> 00:25:51,240
1531
+ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงุฎุฏ antibiotic ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงุฏ ุฌุจุงุฌ ู…ุงุฎุฏ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:25:51,240 --> 00:25:55,380
1535
+ ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ gram negative diplococci ุจูŠุญุตู„
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:25:55,380 --> 00:26:00,820
1539
+ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุงุด ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู€ gram
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:26:00,820 --> 00:26:04,140
1543
+ positive ู„ู€ gram negative ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑุถู‡ุง ู„ู€ antibiotics
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:09,660
1547
+ ูุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุทูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง Gram Negative Diplococci
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:26:09,660 --> 00:26:14,240
1551
+ ุทุจ Gram Negative Diplococci ููŠ ุงู„ CSF ู‡ุชูุณุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:17,520
1555
+ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ุฏูŠุชุณุŸ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:21,420
1559
+ ู…ูŠู†ุฏูŠุชุณ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุญุงุฐุฑูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ reporting
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:26:21,420 --> 00:26:24,660
1563
+ ุชุจุนู†ุง ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูŠู† Stratococcus pneumonia ููŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:26:24,660 --> 00:26:29,440
1567
+ treatment ูˆ ุจูŠู† ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ุฏูŠุชุณูˆ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:32,800
1571
+ ููŠ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ูุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:36,080
1575
+ ุญุงูƒูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ never ever perform gram
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:40,240
1579
+ stain from an old culture ุตุญ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:26:40,240 --> 00:26:44,790
1583
+ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ gram stain ููŠู‡ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉุชุจุฏุฃ ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:26:44,790 --> 00:26:49,190
1587
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ smear making ูˆ ุงู„ air drying ู…ุงู†ุดูˆู‡ุงุด ุดูˆูŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:26:49,190 --> 00:26:53,250
1591
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fixation okay ู…ุงู†ุณุชุนุฌู„ุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:26:53,250 --> 00:26:56,430
1595
+ ููŠ ุงู„ air drying ุฎู„ู‡ุง ุชุชุฌู ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:26:56,430 --> 00:27:00,510
1599
+ ู†ุตุจุบู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† one minute ูˆ ุงู„ washing
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:27:00,510 --> 00:27:04,030
1603
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† gentle ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ูƒุญูˆู„ ู†ุถูŠูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ slope
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:27:04,170 --> 00:27:06,590
1607
+ ูˆู…ุงูŠุฒู„ุด ุนู† twenty seconds ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงูˆ thirty
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:27:06,590 --> 00:27:10,270
1611
+ seconds ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุงุจุท ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู„ gram stain ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:27:10,270 --> 00:27:14,090
1615
+ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ reaction ู…ู† positive ุฅู„ู‰
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:27:14,090 --> 00:27:17,370
1619
+ negative ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:27:21,900 --> 00:27:24,960
1623
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Zero TasmanianุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:27:24,960 --> 00:27:29,440
1627
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ ุชุณู‡ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:32,280
1631
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุทู‚ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจู„ุบุฉ ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู†
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:37,860
1635
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุงุณู… ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:27:37,860 --> 00:27:42,660
1639
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ pneumonia is associated with a viral
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:27:42,660 --> 00:27:47,620
1643
+ infection ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู†ุตุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:27:47,620 --> 00:27:50,840
1647
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ู…ุง viral infection ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ influenza
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:27:50,840 --> 00:27:55,120
1651
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ influenza ุฃูˆ respiratory syncytial virus
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:27:55,120 --> 00:27:57,000
1655
+ RSV
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:27:58,350 --> 00:28:01,910
1659
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ infection ุจูŠุนู…ู„ destruction ู„ ุงู„
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:28:01,910 --> 00:28:06,750
1663
+ first line of defense ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุณู‡ุฑ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:28:06,750 --> 00:28:08,850
1667
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ infection ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:28:08,850 --> 00:28:12,930
1671
+ secondary infection secondary to whatุŸ to viral
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:28:12,930 --> 00:28:15,590
1675
+ infection ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ viral infection ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:28:15,590 --> 00:28:19,610
1679
+ ุงู„ primary cause ุงู„ primary cause ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:28:19,610 --> 00:28:23,710
1683
+ the secondary cause ูุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง secondary infectionุงูˆ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:28:23,710 --> 00:28:29,610
1687
+ persons who have impaired drainage system ุงูˆู„
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:28:29,610 --> 00:28:33,110
1691
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ diagnostic ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ูˆ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:28:33,110 --> 00:28:36,650
1695
+ ููŠ ุงู„ normal microbiota ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:28:36,650 --> 00:28:39,930
1699
+ ุงู„ lungs ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ respiratory system ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:28:39,930 --> 00:28:44,480
1703
+ outside the bodyู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ .. ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:49,940
1707
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุณุชู†ุดู‚ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆู‰ ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:28:49,940 --> 00:28:52,900
1711
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฑุง ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฑูˆุฏ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:28:52,900 --> 00:28:56,060
1715
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ู ุชุจุนู†ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ู… ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ lungs ุงู„ lungs
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:28:56,060 --> 00:28:59,620
1719
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู…ุญุชุฑู…ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:28:59,620 --> 00:29:04,380
1723
+ drainage system ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุตุฑูุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุทุจุนุง
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:29:04,380 --> 00:29:08,400
1727
+ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:14,160
1731
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ู„ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ smokers ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุดุฏู‡
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:29:14,160 --> 00:29:17,860
1735
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงูˆ ู†ุงุณ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:29:17,860 --> 00:29:21,960
1739
+ ุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ irritation ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุงุช
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:24,720
1743
+ ุงูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุชุณุฑุจ ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฏู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:28,960
1747
+ ู†ุชุณุฑุจ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุงู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุถุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุงูŠุถุง
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:34,000
1751
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุชู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:37,840
1755
+ ููŠ ุงู„ drainage system ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุฃุตุงุจ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:29:37,840 --> 00:29:42,260
1759
+ pneumococcalุŒ ุงู„ pneumoniaุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ viral
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:29:42,260 --> 00:29:45,240
1763
+ infectionุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ drainage ูˆุฌูŠุจู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:49,810
1767
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ immunocompromised peopleุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:29:49,810 --> 00:29:54,650
1771
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุถ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจุงุชู‡
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:29:54,650 --> 00:29:58,210
1775
+ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ .. ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ predisposing factors
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:29:58,210 --> 00:30:01,470
1779
+ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุคู‡ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ bronchitis,
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:30:01,590 --> 00:30:06,510
1783
+ sinusitis, otitis media, septicemia and .. ุฎุฏูˆุง
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:30:06,510 --> 00:30:13,410
1787
+ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ sinusitis
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:30:13,410 --> 00:30:16,850
1791
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ููŠุฉ ูˆ otitis media
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:30:16,850 --> 00:30:21,370
1795
+ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฐู† ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ meningitis
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:30:21,370 --> 00:30:25,730
1799
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุดุฃ ู…ู† sinusitis ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† otitis media
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:30:25,730 --> 00:30:28,530
1803
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:30:28,530 --> 00:30:33,410
1807
+ meninges ู…ู†
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:30:33,410 --> 00:30:36,630
1811
+ ุงู„ antigenic structures ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุง
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:30:36,630 --> 00:30:40,610
1815
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุชูˆูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:30:40,610 --> 00:30:44,570
1819
+ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:30:44,570 --> 00:30:45,930
1823
+ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:30:47,660 --> 00:30:53,520
1827
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุตู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:59,540
1831
+ ู…ู† 84 Serotypes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุจุช ููŠ Serotype ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฃู…ู„ูƒ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:30:59,540 --> 00:31:03,580
1835
+ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:31:03,580 --> 00:31:07,960
1839
+ ู…ู† other Serotypes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:31:07,960 --> 00:31:12,260
1843
+ immunocompromised ุงูˆ ู‡ูˆ immunocompromised ู…ู…ูƒู†
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:31:12,260 --> 00:31:17,050
1847
+ ูŠุตุงุจ ุจ 84 ู…ุฑุฉู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ู… ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:31:17,050 --> 00:31:21,090
1851
+ ุงุณุชุฑุจุชูˆุง ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุณู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ูู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู†
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:31:21,090 --> 00:31:26,370
1855
+ vaccine ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ vaccine ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงูˆ ู†ุดูƒู„ vaccine
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:31:26,370 --> 00:31:30,970
1859
+ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงุฑู‡ุงู‚ ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:31:30,970 --> 00:31:36,130
1863
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุน ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ุŸ ูˆ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ vaccineุŸ ู†ุนู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:31:36,130 --> 00:31:38,130
1867
+ vaccine ุงูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ูƒ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงุณุชุฑุจุช ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุจ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:31:38,130 --> 00:31:39,410
1871
+ ุณู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:45,460
1875
+ ุจู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† 84 .. ู„ุฃ ุจู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ most common
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:31:45,460 --> 00:31:50,440
1879
+ serotypesุŒ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ surveyุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:55,440
1883
+ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ .. ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช serologicallyุŒ ู…ุด
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:31:55,440 --> 00:31:58,100
1887
+ ูู‚ุท ู†ู‚ูˆู„ strip the caucasus pneumonia ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุถ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:31:58,100 --> 00:32:01,220
1891
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุจู†ูƒุชููŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ strip the caucasusุŒ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:32:01,220 --> 00:32:06,370
1895
+ ุจู†ุนุฑูุด ุฅุณู… ุงู„ speciesู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ species ูˆ ุงู„
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:32:06,370 --> 00:32:10,030
1899
+ strain ุนุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ epidemiological
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:32:10,030 --> 00:32:13,830
1903
+ investigation ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ ูŠุดูˆู ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุฒูŠ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:32:13,830 --> 00:32:16,130
1907
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ vaccine ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู…ูŠู† ุงู„
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:32:16,130 --> 00:32:21,450
1911
+ strains ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ููƒูˆู†ูˆุง vaccine ..
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:32:21,450 --> 00:32:26,750
1915
+ vaccineุงุช ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† 14 .. 14 serotype
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:32:28,770 --> 00:32:34,710
1919
+ ูˆ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุจูƒุซุฑุฉ ุบุฒุฉ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชู†ูุฐ ู†ุธุงู… ุชุทุนูŠู…
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:32:34,710 --> 00:32:37,330
1923
+ ุจุงู„ู€ streptococcus pneumonia ู‚ุจู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:32:37,330 --> 00:32:41,530
1927
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุญุงุฏ ูู‰ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:32:41,530 --> 00:32:44,050
1931
+ meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumonia ู‡ุฐุง
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:32:44,050 --> 00:32:48,870
1935
+ ุงู…ุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุงู…ุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู† ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุดุจุงุจ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:32:48,870 --> 00:32:53,450
1939
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู†ุง vaccine ู‡ุฏุง vaccine ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:32:53,450 --> 00:32:57,490
1943
+ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูู‰ ุบุฒุฉ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:32:57,490 --> 00:33:01,930
1947
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู€ 14 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฃุดู‡ุฑ 14 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:33:01,930 --> 00:33:04,930
1951
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ู… infection ุนู…ู„ุช
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:33:04,930 --> 00:33:10,970
1955
+ ู„ู‡ู… vaccine ุจุทู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฑุฒู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุงู…ุง ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชูˆุง ุงูˆ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:33:10,970 --> 00:33:17,750
1959
+ ุงูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงูˆ ูŠุฑุญู„ูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณูˆุฌ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:33:17,750 --> 00:33:21,390
1963
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุฒู‚ุฉุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุฒู‚ุฉุŸ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:33:21,390 --> 00:33:26,790
1967
+ ู‡ู… ู…ุงู†ู‡ู…ุด ุงูˆ ู…ุงุนู†ุงุด protection ู„ู‡ู… ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:33:26,790 --> 00:33:28,270
1971
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Serotype
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:39,340
1975
+ replacement ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุฎุดูŠุชู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู† ุงู„ strings
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:33:39,340 --> 00:33:42,960
1979
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง vaccination ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุชุฎุชููŠ ู„ูƒู†
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:47,800
1983
+ ุชุณุชุจุฏู„ ุจุณู„ูˆู„ุงุช ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:52,440
1987
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงุทู…ุฆู†ูƒู… ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุดูŠุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:33:52,440 --> 00:33:56,060
1991
+ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:33:56,060 --> 00:33:56,360
1995
+ vaccine
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:33:59,160 --> 00:34:02,180
1999
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:34:02,180 --> 00:34:05,700
2003
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is to escape the process of
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:34:05,700 --> 00:34:08,700
2007
+ phagocytosis and for a specific attachment ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:34:08,700 --> 00:34:13,240
2011
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุตูุชูŠู† ู…ู‚ุชุถุงุฑุจุชูŠู† ุชู‡ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:34:13,240 --> 00:34:16,380
2015
+ phagocytosis ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ูŠ specific receptor
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:34:16,380 --> 00:34:21,700
2019
+ ู„ู„attachment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:34:21,700 --> 00:34:23,600
2023
+ ุงู„striptococcus pneumonia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฑูƒุฒุช ุนู„ู‰
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:34:23,600 --> 00:34:28,540
2027
+ ุงู„striptococcus biogenes ููŠ ูุญุต ุงุณู…ู‡ ASOT ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุŸ
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:38,240
2031
+ ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ูุญุต ุงุณู…ู‡ CRP CRP
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:34:38,240 --> 00:34:43,760
2035
+ ุชุฎุชุตุฑ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ CRPุŸ C ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง Reactive Protein ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ C
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:34:43,760 --> 00:34:46,380
2039
+ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง C
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:34:46,380 --> 00:34:48,960
2043
+ -Polysaccharide C-Polysaccharide ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:52,780
2047
+ cell wall ุชุจุน ุงู„ gram-boosted streptococci ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:34:52,780 --> 00:34:57,500
2051
+ ุฌูŠู†ุงุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… step to kokash pneumonia ู„ู…ุง
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:34:57,500 --> 00:35:00,880
2055
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ serum ุชุจุงุนู‡ู… ุงู„ serum ุชุจุงุนู‡ู… ุจุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:03,340
2059
+ C polysaccharide ุชุจุน ุงู„ step to kokash pneumonia
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:35:03,340 --> 00:35:08,140
2063
+ ูุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชูุงุนู„ุช ู…ุน C
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:35:08,140 --> 00:35:12,800
2067
+ polysaccharide ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง protein reacted with C
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:17,620
2071
+ polysaccharide protein reacted with C ูุณู…ูˆู‡ุง C
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:35:17,620 --> 00:35:22,680
2075
+ reactive proteinุงุนุชู‚ุฏู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Antibody
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:35:22,680 --> 00:35:25,640
2079
+ specific ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ C-Polysaccharide of streptococcus
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:35:25,640 --> 00:35:30,620
2083
+ pneumonia ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฌูŠุฒุฉ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง CRP ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ูƒู„
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:35:30,620 --> 00:35:36,100
2087
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ inflammation ูุจุทู„ ุงู„ุขู† specificุŒ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:35:36,100 --> 00:35:41,080
2091
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ non-specific test ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ non-specific test
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:35:41,080 --> 00:35:46,660
2095
+ for inflammation ุฏู‡ ู„ุตูˆูุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุฑู E
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:35:46,660 --> 00:35:48,720
2099
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ S ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ R
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:04,120
2103
+ ุงู„ู€ ESR ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:36:04,120 --> 00:36:07,200
2107
+ very common test to detect non-specific
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:36:07,200 --> 00:36:07,960
2111
+ inflammation
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:36:29,020 --> 00:36:33,240
2115
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠุณุช ุงู„ CRPุŸ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ ESR ุฑุงูŠุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุฑุถู‡
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:36:33,240 --> 00:36:36,480
2119
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏู‡ ูุญุตุงุช ู…ู† .. ู…ู† .. ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:40,920
2123
+ ูˆ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูุนุงู„ ู„ูƒู†
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:48,680
2127
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠุณุช ุงู„ CRP ุนู† ุงู„ ESRุŸ ุงู„ CRP ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:36:48,680 --> 00:37:01,230
2131
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุฌุงู„ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:37:01,230 --> 00:37:08,200
2135
+ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจุงุฎุชูุงุกู‡ูู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ ูˆู…ุคุดุฑ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:12,020
2139
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุกู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุกู‡ ู…ุด ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:37:12,020 --> 00:37:15,440
2143
+ ุงุจุนุทูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูƒุงู† ูุนุงู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:18,440
2147
+ ู‡ู„ ุฎูุถ ุงู„ inflammation ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎูุถุชุงุด ู…ุด ุจุฏุงุฌูŠุณ ุงู†ุง
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:37:18,440 --> 00:37:21,560
2151
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ inflammation ุฎูุถุช ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎูุถุชุด ู„ูˆ
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:37:21,560 --> 00:37:25,420
2155
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ ESR ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ ESR ุชุฑุชูุน ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุน
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:37:25,420 --> 00:37:31,420
2159
+ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏ
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:37:31,420 --> 00:37:37,340
2163
+ ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูุถู„
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:37:37,340 --> 00:37:42,380
2167
+ ู…ุคุดุฑ ู„ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ CRP ุงู†ุง ู„ูƒู„ ูุตู„ ุจุฏุฑุณ ููŠู‡
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:37:42,380 --> 00:37:46,060
2171
+ Diagnostic Microbiology ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุฑุงุฌุนุง ุงุจุญุซูˆุง
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:37:46,060 --> 00:37:51,540
2175
+ ุนู† ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ CRP ูƒ test ุงุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู† ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ CRP ูƒ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:37:51,540 --> 00:37:55,160
2179
+ test ุงุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูุงูŠุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุจุณ
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:37:55,160 --> 00:38:00,220
2183
+ ูู‚ุท non specific inflammation ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:38:00,220 --> 00:38:06,460
2187
+ cystitis ู…ุงุฑ ู…ุนุงูƒู…ุŸุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ูŠ ุณูŠุณุชุงูŠุชุณ ูˆููŠู‡
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:38:06,460 --> 00:38:12,360
2191
+ pyronephritis ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:18,940
2195
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุต ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง ูˆููŠู‡ ุณูŠุณุชุงูŠุชุณ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ู„ุช
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:38:18,940 --> 00:38:23,500
2199
+ culture ุนู…ู„ุช culture ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ urine ูˆุทู„ุนุช
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:38:23,500 --> 00:38:28,900
2203
+ positive ูˆุทู„ุนุช positive ู‡ู„ ูŠุชุฑุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:38:28,900 --> 00:38:34,700
2207
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุงุŸ ุจุชุฌุฑุจ ุชุนุฑูุŸุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุนุฑูุŒ ู„ุฃู†
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:38:34,700 --> 00:38:39,980
2211
+ ุงู†ุช ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู†
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:38:39,980 --> 00:38:43,660
2215
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุงู†ุช ููŠ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:38:43,660 --> 00:38:46,140
2219
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑู‡ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุงุฎุชู„ุทูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ูˆ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:38:46,140 --> 00:38:48,860
2223
+ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:38:48,860 --> 00:38:54,960
2227
+ ุชุนุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ pyronephritis ูˆู„ุง cystitisุŒ ู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุนู…ู„ุช CRP
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:38:56,800 --> 00:39:00,800
2231
+ ูˆุทู„ุน positive ูู‡ูŠ palo nephritis but not cystitis
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:05,680
2235
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน negative ูู‡ูŠ cystitis ู…ุด ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:11,020
2239
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:39:11,020 --> 00:39:16,600
2243
+ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุฃุทุจุงู„ู†ุงู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:20,740
2247
+ ุฌู‡ู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูุงู†ุง
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:39:20,740 --> 00:39:26,540
2251
+ ุจู†ู†ุตุญูƒู… ุงู†ูƒูˆุง ุชุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู† uses of CRP ูˆ ุชู…ุงู„ูˆุง post
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:39:26,540 --> 00:39:30,440
2255
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ website diagnostic microbiology M ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:34,340
2259
+ diagnostic microbiology M ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ูˆุงุฌุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:39:34,340 --> 00:39:40,630
2263
+ ุงู†ู…ุง ุดูŠุก ุชุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูุถู„ุงุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู„ุงู†
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:39:40,630 --> 00:39:44,310
2267
+ ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ ุจูˆู„ ุทู„ุนุช ุจูˆุณุชู ุจูˆุณุชู ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู‰
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:39:44,310 --> 00:39:47,450
2271
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู‰ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:39:47,450 --> 00:39:50,670
2275
+ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ู…ุซุงู†ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุตูŠุฑุด ูู‰
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:39:50,670 --> 00:39:54,550
2279
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูู‰ .. ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ liquid ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู‰ ุงุนุฑู
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:39:54,550 --> 00:39:57,570
2283
+ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู†ุง ุงู„ infection ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ูู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง ูˆู„ุง ูู‰
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:39:57,570 --> 00:40:00,910
2287
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ CRP ุงุฐุง ุทู„ุน ุจูˆุณุชู
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:40:00,910 --> 00:40:04,510
2291
+ ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† negative ูŠูƒูˆู†
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:40:04,510 --> 00:40:10,900
2295
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุนู…CRP ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:40:10,900 --> 00:40:15,720
2299
+ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูู‚ุท ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ C
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:40:15,720 --> 00:40:20,640
2303
+ -Polysaccharide ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ non
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:23,520
2307
+ specific inflammation ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ non specific
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:24,220
2311
+ inflammation
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:40:27,350 --> 00:40:32,790
2315
+ ุนุทุชู†ุง .. ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ ุฃูˆ
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:40:32,790 --> 00:40:36,350
2319
+ ุฌู†ุจุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C-E-S-R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:40:36,350 --> 00:40:39,910
2323
+ ู†ุณูŠุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ M-protein ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:40:39,910 --> 00:40:43,770
2327
+ streptococci ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆุธู ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:40:43,770 --> 00:40:45,470
2331
+ ูƒ antifagocytic
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:40:47,480 --> 00:40:50,680
2335
+ ุงู„ู€ Virulence ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง polysaccharide ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆ ุฏู‡
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:40:50,680 --> 00:40:53,600
2339
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ adherence ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:40:53,600 --> 00:40:57,900
2343
+ attachment ุงู„ enzymes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hyaluronidase ุงูุถู„ ู…ู†
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:40:57,900 --> 00:41:00,760
2347
+ ุงู„ neuroaminidase ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ proteases ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:08,920
2351
+ proteases ุงู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจูŠู‡ุง ุฌู…ุงู„ ู‡ูŠูƒู† then
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:41:08,920 --> 00:41:14,860
2355
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ IGA ุจูŠู†ุชุธุฑ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:41:17,060 --> 00:41:20,140
2359
+ ุจูŠู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุด ู‡ู…ู‡
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:41:20,140 --> 00:41:24,660
2363
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:41:24,660 --> 00:41:27,660
2367
+ ุบูŠุฑ ูุนุงู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฌู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:41:27,660 --> 00:41:34,200
2371
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุงู†ุฌุงุฒุจุชู„ู ุญูˆู„ุงู†ู‡ ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจุช
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:37,540
2375
+ .. ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจุช .. ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:41:37,540 --> 00:41:42,280
2379
+ proteins ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ IGA ู‡ุชูƒุณุฑ ุจููƒููƒ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:41:42,280 --> 00:41:48,450
2383
+ ุงู„ IG ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุณู„ุงุญ ุถุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุถุฏ
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:41:48,450 --> 00:41:54,470
2387
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏูุงุนุงุช specific ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ IGA ุงู„ IGA ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:41:54,470 --> 00:41:58,250
2391
+ ุงู„ secretary antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:41:58,250 --> 00:42:01,730
2395
+ ุงู„ mucous membranes ูƒ first line of specific
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:42:01,730 --> 00:42:07,490
2399
+ defenseุงู„ู†ูŠู…ูˆ ู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุงูˆ ู†ูŠู…ูˆ ู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุงูˆ ุจูŠุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุจู…ูŠู†
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:42:07,490 --> 00:42:12,830
2403
+ ุจุณุชุฑูŠุจุชูˆ ู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ oxygen ู„ุจูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† beta
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:42:12,830 --> 00:42:17,770
2407
+ hemolytic ู‡ุฐุง alpha hemolytic ู„ูƒู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:42:17,770 --> 00:42:22,910
2411
+ ุจูŠุชุญุณุณูŠู† ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุฎููŠู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:42:22,910 --> 00:42:28,910
2415
+ oxygen ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ autolysin ุฃู…ุฑ ู‚ุณู…ุชู‡
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:42:30,530 --> 00:42:35,310
2419
+ ุจูŠุชุถุญูŠุงุช ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ู…ู„ ุจูŠุถุญูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:42:35,310 --> 00:42:39,870
2423
+ ุจูŠุถุญูˆุง ุจุญุงู„ู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุนูŠุด ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:42:39,870 --> 00:42:43,750
2427
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุถุญูŠุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:47,810
2431
+ ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ..ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุญูƒูŠูƒูˆุง ุฌุฒุก ุนู† ุงู„ู†ู…ู„
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:42:47,810 --> 00:42:51,850
2435
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ูŠุฌู„ุท ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุงุฆูŠ
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:42:51,850 --> 00:42:55,590
2439
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงู…ุงูƒู† ..
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:42:55,590 --> 00:43:00,190
2443
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุงุฆูŠ ูุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู…ู„ ุจุชู…ุณูƒ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:43:00,190 --> 00:43:03,770
2447
+ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุชุฒูˆุฌู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:43:03,770 --> 00:43:09,370
2451
+ ู…ุด ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ุชู†ุชูุฎุชู†ุชูุฎ ุชุตูŠุฑ floatingุŒ ุจุชู…ูˆุชุŒ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:43:09,370 --> 00:43:12,630
2455
+ ุชุจุชุฏูŠ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุชุจุชุฏูŠ ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑู
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:43:12,630 --> 00:43:16,350
2459
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุชุช ูˆ ุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:43:16,350 --> 00:43:20,470
2463
+ ุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู†
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:43:20,470 --> 00:43:25,570
2467
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุŒ ุงู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุญู‰ ุจู†ูุณู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:43:25,570 --> 00:43:30,910
2471
+ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ููˆู‚ูŠู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู†ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงุณู…
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:43:30,910 --> 00:43:33,750
2475
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ุช ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‚ุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงูŠู‡
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:43:33,750 --> 00:43:37,350
2479
+ ุฎู„ูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ single ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:43:37,350 --> 00:43:41,310
2483
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู… a bacterium ูู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:43:41,310 --> 00:43:45,510
2487
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู…ุงู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:43:45,510 --> 00:43:53,170
2491
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฒุฑ ุชูุฌูŠุฑ ุงุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏูŠุงุฌู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุนุฑุช
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:43:53,170 --> 00:43:57,780
2495
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุชู‡ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ stop ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ูŠุงู„ุงู†
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:43:57,780 --> 00:44:03,440
2499
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ Antibiotics
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:44:03,440 --> 00:44:06,540
2503
+ ุงู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ุชุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชุญู„ู„
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:44:06,540 --> 00:44:11,800
2507
+ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ autolysine ุจุชุนู…ู„ release ู„ู„ toxins ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:44:11,800 --> 00:44:15,740
2511
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠู†ุดุบู„ ููŠ
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:44:15,740 --> 00:44:21,020
2515
+ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุงู„ููˆุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู‚ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุฉ ุจูŠู†ุดุบู„
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:44:21,020 --> 00:44:24,040
2519
+ ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูุงู„ autolysine ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:44:24,040 --> 00:44:28,780
2523
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉูŠุนุชุจุฑ virulence fact ู„ูƒู† ุฎุฏูˆุง
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:44:28,780 --> 00:44:34,580
2527
+ ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:44:34,580 --> 00:44:37,880
2531
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุชุณุจุจ ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆ ุจุชุณุจุจ
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:44:37,880 --> 00:44:42,380
2535
+ meningitis ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ blood cultureุŸ ุงู„ blood
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:44:42,380 --> 00:44:45,800
2539
+ culture ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฏู… ูˆ ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ blood ููŠ
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:44:45,800 --> 00:44:50,880
2543
+ ุงู„ุจุทู„ูˆุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุนุงูŠุด ุจู†ุดูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุน ุงู„ turbidity
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:44:50,880 --> 00:44:55,040
2547
+ ู‡ู„ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ู…ุคุดุฑ
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:44:55,040 --> 00:44:59,620
2551
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุทุจ
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:44:59,620 --> 00:45:01,880
2555
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ striped coccus pneumonia ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:10,080
2559
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุชู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูŠุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:45:10,080 --> 00:45:14,280
2563
+ ุงู„ culture media ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ุง clear ู…ุด
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:19,920
2567
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ negativeูˆุนุดุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:45:19,920 --> 00:45:23,160
2571
+ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง automated systems ู„ู„ blood culture
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:29,640
2575
+ automated systems ู…ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ automatedุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:45:29,640 --> 00:45:33,100
2579
+ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ุด ููŠ ุงู„ detection ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ุง positive
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:45:33,100 --> 00:45:36,720
2583
+ ูˆู„ุง negative ุณูˆุงุก ูƒู†ุช ุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู… ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:45:36,720 --> 00:45:39,800
2587
+ ุงุดุงุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ culture ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู‰
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:45:39,800 --> 00:45:44,390
2591
+ ูƒุงู†ุช positiveูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:45:44,390 --> 00:45:50,670
2595
+ ุฏูŠ fragile ู‡ุดุฉ ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุญู„ู„ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุงูƒู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:45:50,670 --> 00:45:56,750
2599
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุงุณู…ู‡ Bile Solubility
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:45:56,750 --> 00:45:58,950
2603
+ Test
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:46:00,430 --> 00:46:03,090
2607
+ ุจู…ุถุงู„ุจ ุงู† ุงุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ ุจุงูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:46:03,090 --> 00:46:06,030
2611
+ surface active agent ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฐุงุจุช ุชุฎุชูุช
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:46:06,030 --> 00:46:10,190
2615
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงูˆ ุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู†
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:46:10,190 --> 00:46:13,430
2619
+ ูˆุถุน ู‚ุทู„ุฉ ุจุงูŠู„ ู‡ุชุฎุชููŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงู†ู‡
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:46:13,430 --> 00:46:19,790
2623
+ ุตุงุฑุด ุชุชุตุฑููŠู‡ุง ุงูˆุทูˆู„ุงูŠุณูŠ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ culture
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:46:19,790 --> 00:46:22,110
2627
+ media ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุงุฌุงุฑ ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ุง
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:46:22,110 --> 00:46:27,910
2631
+ CO2 ูˆุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฎุชู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ูˆ
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:46:27,910 --> 00:46:28,990
2635
+ ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูˆุตูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:46:31,980 --> 00:46:36,420
2639
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ุงุณุชูŠุฑุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุฐูƒุฑุช ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:46:36,420 --> 00:46:39,480
2643
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฏุงูŠุชุณ ุชูŠูƒู…ู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง hemophilus influenza
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:44,360
2647
+ hemophilus ูˆ
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:47,800
2651
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงุณุชูŠุฑุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:46:47,800 --> 00:46:54,500
2655
+ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:46:54,500 --> 00:46:58,260
2659
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฏุงูŠุชุณ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:46:58,260 --> 00:47:03,850
2663
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…the most important cause of meningitis ูƒู„ู‡ู…
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:47:03,850 --> 00:47:09,790
2667
+ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒูˆุง ุจุตูุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจุตูุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:47:09,790 --> 00:47:14,030
2671
+ encapsulated ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:47:14,030 --> 00:47:15,410
2675
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง encapsulated
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:47:19,720 --> 00:47:23,800
2679
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hemophilus influenza ุจุฏู‡ุง chocolate
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:47:23,800 --> 00:47:26,980
2683
+ agar ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ุงู„ chocolate agarุŸ ุงู„ pneumonia ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:47:26,980 --> 00:47:29,920
2687
+ ุนู„ู‰ blood agar ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ meningitis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:47:29,920 --> 00:47:37,080
2691
+ ุนู„ู‰ blood agar ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ CO2 ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:47:37,080 --> 00:47:42,900
2695
+ ุจูŠุณุจุจูˆุง meningitis ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
2696
+
2697
+ 675
2698
+ 00:47:42,900 --> 00:47:46,260
2699
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠู‡ ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
2700
+
2701
+ 676
2702
+ 00:47:46,260 --> 00:47:51,350
2703
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠุนุดุช ุฒุฑุงุนู‡ู… ุฃุฒุฑุน ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุฒุฑุน
2704
+
2705
+ 677
2706
+ 00:47:51,350 --> 00:47:55,230
2707
+ ุฌุฒุก ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2708
+
2709
+ 678
2710
+ 00:47:55,230 --> 00:47:59,890
2711
+ ุฃุญุท ู„ู‡ู… ุทุจู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุญุท ู„ู‡ู… ุทุจู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุญุท ู„ู‡ู… one
2712
+
2713
+ 679
2714
+ 00:47:59,890 --> 00:48:02,130
2715
+ plate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ
2716
+
2717
+ 680
2718
+ 00:48:02,130 --> 00:48:05,010
2719
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูุจุญุท ู„ู‡ู…
2720
+
2721
+ 681
2722
+ 00:48:05,010 --> 00:48:08,810
2723
+ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุญุท ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ under ู…ูŠู†ุŸ under
2724
+
2725
+ 682
2726
+ 00:48:08,810 --> 00:48:14,970
2727
+ COุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู€ CO2 ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ุชุดูƒูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ู…
2728
+
2729
+ 683
2730
+ 00:48:14,970 --> 00:48:18,110
2731
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูู„ุณุฉ ุงู„
2732
+
2733
+ 684
2734
+ 00:48:18,110 --> 00:48:22,010
2735
+ influenza ูˆ ุงู„ pneumonia ูˆ ุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
2736
+
2737
+ 685
2738
+ 00:48:22,010 --> 00:48:23,090
2739
+ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจู†ูˆุง
2740
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,2764 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,810 --> 00:00:23,430
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู‡ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,430 --> 00:00:26,230
7
+ ุงู„ู€ streptococcus agalactia ูˆ ุงู„ streptococcus
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,230 --> 00:00:28,870
11
+ pneumonia ูˆ ุฅู† ุฃุณุนูู†ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ group D
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:28,870 --> 00:00:33,550
15
+ streptococci ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุซู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:33,550 --> 00:00:37,510
19
+ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุนู† group B ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง beta hemolytic ูˆ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,510 --> 00:00:41,910
23
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ Hemolysis ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blood agar
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:45,790
27
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง group A ูˆู„ุง group B ูุงู„ุนู…ู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,790 --> 00:00:48,970
31
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Stratococcus Biogenes ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:48,970 --> 00:00:52,130
35
+ Stratococcus Agalactia ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Beta
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:52,130 --> 00:00:56,020
39
+ Hemolysisุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ part
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:56,020 --> 00:01:00,300
43
+ of the oral and vaginal normal flora ูˆ 5 ู„ 15% ู…ู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:00,300 --> 00:01:03,820
47
+ ุงู„ healthy individuals ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง both organisms ุงู„ู„ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,820 --> 00:01:06,860
51
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ galactia ูˆ ุงู„ bio genes in
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:06,860 --> 00:01:09,180
55
+ their nasopharynx ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ pharynx ููŠ ุงู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:09,180 --> 00:01:11,340
59
+ vagina ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงุณ ูˆ ุงู„ intestinal tract
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,340 --> 00:01:14,800
63
+ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:14,800 --> 00:01:18,880
67
+ ููŠ ุฏูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ newborns ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃุทูุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:23,110
71
+ ุญุฏูŠุซูŠู† ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉู„ุฃู…ู‡ุงุช ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ in their
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,110 --> 00:01:25,850
75
+ vagina ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง all over the body ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:25,850 --> 00:01:30,190
79
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ General
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:30,190 --> 00:01:33,270
83
+ characteristics ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูŠุจ ุจู„ุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:37,850
87
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ุจุงุชุฉ Hemolysis ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:37,850 --> 00:01:42,230
91
+ Striptococcus ู‡ูŠ ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ ุฃูŠุถุง negative ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:42,230 --> 00:01:46,900
95
+ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ negativeูˆููƒุฑุชูƒูˆุง ุงู†ุง ุงูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:46,900 --> 00:01:49,420
99
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชูƒูˆุง ุจุงู† ุงู„ Asteric Glucose Amine ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒุชูˆุฒ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:49,420 --> 00:01:51,840
103
+ ูˆุงู„ุฑุงู…ุงู†ูˆุฒ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุฏู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:57,200
107
+ blood group antigens ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุงูˆ ุชุนู…ู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:00,440
111
+ cross reaction ููŠ ุงู„ blood grouping ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:04,160
115
+ ู…ุตุงุจ ุจ infection with this microorganism ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:07,400
119
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ hydrolysis ู„ู„hyperate into benzoic acid
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:07,400 --> 00:02:10,560
123
+ and glycine ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ุงุฑุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:14,480
127
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ media ุฎุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงูŠ protein ุงูˆ ุงูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:19,670
131
+ amino acidุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู…ุงู† resistant to ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:19,670 --> 00:02:22,330
135
+ ุงู„bestracin differential disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ ..
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:22,330 --> 00:02:24,590
139
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ streptococcusุŒ biogenesุŒ ูƒู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:27,930
143
+ sensitiveุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช resistant ูู‡ูŠ other beta
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:27,930 --> 00:02:30,390
147
+ -haemolytic streptococci ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ other beta
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:30,390 --> 00:02:33,470
151
+ -haemolytic streptococciุŒ our own ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:33,470 --> 00:02:35,850
155
+ should be resistant to bestracin
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:38,470 --> 00:02:43,370
159
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ genesis ู„ู„ adult ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู… ุบุงู„ุจุง
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:43,370 --> 00:02:46,050
163
+ periparal sepsis ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ endocarditis ูˆ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:46,050 --> 00:02:49,130
167
+ periparal sepsis ู…ุฑุช ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:49,130 --> 00:02:51,890
171
+ ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ุงู… ุจุนุฏ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:55,610
175
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงุช ุฃูŠุงู… endocarditis and pneumonia ู„ูƒู†
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:02:55,610 --> 00:02:58,850
179
+ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุญุจ ุนูŠู†ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:02:58,850 --> 00:03:02,780
183
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ neonatal infection which mayberanging
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:02,780 --> 00:03:07,120
187
+ from pneumonia, septicemia or meningitis ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:10,840
191
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ infection ููŠ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑ ุฃูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:14,280
195
+ ุงู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ bovine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุจุน ุงู„ mastitis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:17,200
199
+ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุซุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุน ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:21,400
203
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูˆุฏ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุจุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:26,450
207
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ micro organismุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ general
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:26,450 --> 00:03:29,650
211
+ media ุงู„ blood agar ูˆ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ selective mediaุŒ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:29,650 --> 00:03:32,970
215
+ ุงู„ selective media ู‡ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง crystal
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:32,970 --> 00:03:35,710
219
+ violet in low concentration ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:35,710 --> 00:03:39,690
223
+ ุณู„ูุงุช ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:40,050 --> 00:03:44,250
227
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุจูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:44,250 --> 00:03:46,670
231
+ ุจู„ุฏ ุงุฌุงุฑ ุงูŠุถุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุถุงู ู„ู‡ three antibiotics
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:03:46,670 --> 00:03:51,050
235
+ ุฌู†ุชุงู…ูŠุณูŠู† ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† and ู†ูŠุฑุงุฏูŠูƒุณูƒ ุงุณุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:03:51,050 --> 00:03:54,570
239
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ ู†ูŠุฑุงุฏูŠูƒุณูƒ ุนููˆุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:03:54,570 --> 00:03:58,530
243
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุณุงุทูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุณูˆุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุณุท
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:03:58,530 --> 00:04:02,470
247
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุด selective ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:02,470 --> 00:04:07,210
251
+ selective ู„ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ can grow both biogenes
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:07,210 --> 00:04:10,780
255
+ and ุงุฌู„ุงูƒุชุทุจุนุง ุงู„ differentiation ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:14,740
259
+ ุณู‡ู„ ุจุงู„ test ุงู„ laboratory diagnosis ููŠู‡ ุงู†ูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:14,740 --> 00:04:18,560
263
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง land field grouping
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:23,420
267
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌูˆู†ุง group B ู†ุนู… group B hyperate
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:23,420 --> 00:04:27,000
271
+ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุณูŠุด ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ูุญุต ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ case ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:27,000 --> 00:04:31,120
275
+ hyperate ุงู„ู‰ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุฒูŠุงุช ุจู†ุฒูˆูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,340
279
+ could be detected by 9 ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:34,340 --> 00:04:37,480
283
+ ู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ camp test which is the most famous
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:37,480 --> 00:04:40,820
287
+ test for the organism ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ bile ischoline ูˆู‡ูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:40,820 --> 00:04:48,130
291
+ ู…ุฎุตุต ู„ู„ enterococciุฃูˆ enteric oxide ุจุชูƒูˆู† negative
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:04:48,130 --> 00:04:51,410
295
+ ุนููˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ enteric oxide positive ุจูŠู†ู…ุง our
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:04:51,410 --> 00:04:54,170
299
+ organism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:04:54,170 --> 00:04:56,290
303
+ negative ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ latex agglutination ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:04:56,290 --> 00:05:00,730
307
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฑุจุท ุงู„ antibody ู„ latex
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:00,730 --> 00:05:04,030
311
+ particle ุฃูˆ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ antigen ู„ latex particle ู„ู„ุจุญุซ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:04,030 --> 00:05:08,450
315
+ ุนู† ุงู„ anti to visualize the reactionุฃูˆู„ ูุญุต ููŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:08,450 --> 00:05:10,130
319
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hepurate Hydrolysis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:10,130 --> 00:05:12,990
323
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:12,990 --> 00:05:15,790
327
+ Hepurate ุงู„ู€ Hepurate ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Stricting ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:15,790 --> 00:05:21,110
331
+ ูˆุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Spraying with 9-Hydrine ุงู„ู€9
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:21,110 --> 00:05:24,170
335
+ -Hydrine ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุฃูŠ Amino Acid ุจุฃูŠ Amino Acid
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:24,170 --> 00:05:27,290
339
+ ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ purple color ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ purple color ู…ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:27,290 --> 00:05:29,890
343
+ ุจุญุงูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ Amino Acid ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ูŠุฌูŠ Amino AcidุŸ ู…ู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:05:29,890 --> 00:05:34,310
347
+ ุงู„ู€Hydrolysis of Hepurate into Benzoic Acid and
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:38,260
351
+ Glycineูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ poster
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:05:38,260 --> 00:05:42,240
355
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ reaction ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ purple ุงู† ูƒุฏู‡
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:46,280
359
+ ุงู„ cam test ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:05:46,280 --> 00:05:49,600
363
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุจุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:05:49,600 --> 00:05:55,940
367
+ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุจูŠู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:05:55,940 --> 00:06:01,200
371
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† blood agar plate ุฒุฑุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:06,840
375
+ Staphylococcus aureus ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:06,840 --> 00:06:10,840
379
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูŠุงุฌูŠู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูŠุงุฌูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:10,840 --> 00:06:15,600
383
+ Beta Hemolytic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุฃูŠ aureus Beta Hemolytic
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:16,180 --> 00:06:18,180
387
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุฑูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:18,180 --> 00:06:21,700
391
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุฏุง ูƒู‡ูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ storage ู„ุจุนุถ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:21,700 --> 00:06:24,500
395
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง that are used as their agents
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:24,500 --> 00:06:26,640
399
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ beta hemolytic .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:29,840
403
+ stephylococcus aureus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง suspected colony
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:33,660
407
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุด ุงูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ูƒุงู…
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:06:33,660 --> 00:06:37,540
411
+ test ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุงูŠุด ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงู†ู‡ุง ..
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:06:37,540 --> 00:06:40,560
415
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง gram bostric oxide ุงู†ู‡ุง catalase negative
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:44,400
419
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง beta hemolytic ุงู†ู‡ุง pastracin resistantู„ู…ู‘ุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:47,920
423
+ ู†ุตู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ูุญุต ู…ูŠู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:52,600
427
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู… test ู‡ุฐุง ground positive ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠู†
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:06:52,600 --> 00:07:05,000
431
+ ูƒูŠุชุงู„ูŠุฒ negative beta hemolytic ุจุณุชุฑุงุณูŠู† resistant
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:10,000
435
+ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:12,840
439
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:15,600 --> 00:07:18,560
443
+ Striptococcus ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุด ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุตุญูŠุญ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Beta
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:22,120
447
+ -Hemolytic Striptococci ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุณ ุชุฑุงุณูŠู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:22,120 --> 00:07:25,540
451
+ ุฑุฒุณุชุงู†ุช Beta-Hemolytic Striptococci for sure it is
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:25,540 --> 00:07:29,200
455
+ not biogenes ุตุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† others ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:29,200 --> 00:07:31,800
459
+ others ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌู„ุงูƒุชูŠุง ุชุญุณู†ูƒ ู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:31,800 --> 00:07:34,820
463
+ ุทูŠุจ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:34,820 --> 00:07:39,080
467
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุด ู†ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:43,580
471
+ reaction ุญุตู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:07:43,580 --> 00:07:48,210
475
+ ุฒุฑุนู†ุงุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุตู ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุจู€ Staphylococcus
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:52,270
479
+ aureus ูˆุงู„ู€ Suspect Strain ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ู…
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:07:52,270 --> 00:07:56,890
483
+ Perpendicular ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุน ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:07:56,890 --> 00:08:00,370
487
+ Staphylococcus aureus ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ Strain AุŒ Strain B
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:00,370 --> 00:08:04,910
491
+ ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุจู‚ุงู„ูƒ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุฎุฑุจุท ุจูŠู† A ูˆBุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:04,910 --> 00:08:06,710
495
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:06,710 --> 00:08:06,790
499
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:06,790 --> 00:08:06,810
503
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:06,810 --> 00:08:08,990
507
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:08,990 --> 00:08:13,450
511
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:13,450 --> 00:08:16,900
515
+ ุชู„ุงุชุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ู… ูˆู†ุญุทู‡ู… ุจุงู„ incubator ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:16,900 --> 00:08:22,180
519
+ ู†ูˆูŠุฉ twenty four hours ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† growth ูˆ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:22,180 --> 00:08:24,700
523
+ associated with the growth is hemolysis ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:24,700 --> 00:08:27,960
527
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง hemolysis ูˆ ู„ุง ู„ุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:31,680
531
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hemolysis ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hemolysis ู‡ุงูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:33,600
535
+ ุงู„ hemolysis ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ focus aureus
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:40,030
539
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:08:40,030 --> 00:08:43,770
543
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู„ู€ HemolysisุŒ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:08:43,770 --> 00:08:48,750
547
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ GalactiaุŒ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:08:48,750 --> 00:08:54,210
551
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุก ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Hemolytic Area of
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:08:54,210 --> 00:08:58,510
555
+ Staphylococcus aureus ูˆ Hemolytic Area itself ุชูƒูˆู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:08:58,510 --> 00:09:03,210
559
+ ู…ุง ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู€ Arrow Head Formation ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุงุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:03,210 --> 00:09:09,330
563
+ Arrow Head Formation ู‡ุฐุงุŸู…ุด ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ู… ุชุฃุฐุฑู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:09,330 --> 00:09:13,570
567
+ ุงุญู†ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:13,570 --> 00:09:18,610
571
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู…ู„ ูู„ุงู† ูŠุถุงู ุงู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ ูู„ุงู†
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:18,610 --> 00:09:22,130
575
+ ูุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ู…ู†ูุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐุง simple mathematics
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:22,130 --> 00:09:27,910
579
+ ุญุณุงุจ addition ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ููŠ ุงู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:27,910 --> 00:09:31,510
583
+ synergism ููŠ ุงู„ synergism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฃุฐูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:31,510 --> 00:09:36,230
587
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:09:36,230 --> 00:09:39,990
591
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูู„ู…ู‘ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ู‰ ุงู„ hemolysin ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„ hemolysin
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:43,930
595
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู… synergistic effect ูุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ zone ูุฃุนุทู‰
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:09:43,930 --> 00:09:46,590
599
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ูŠู†ุง arrow head
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:09:46,590 --> 00:09:49,330
603
+ formation ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ ููŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:09:49,330 --> 00:09:50,790
607
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:09:57,570 --> 00:09:59,770
611
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ scenario ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ุฌุงู„ูˆ ุนู†ู‡ there is a
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:09:59,770 --> 00:10:08,610
615
+ factor ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠุฉ that enhanced ุญุณู† ุงู„ reaction
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:08,610 --> 00:10:12,510
619
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุชููŠู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ุงูˆุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุชุง ู‡ูŠู…ูˆู„ุงุณูŠู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:12,510 --> 00:10:15,950
623
+ ุงูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ factor ู‡ุฐุงุŸ camp factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:15,950 --> 00:10:19,910
627
+ camp ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุญุฑู ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:10:19,910 --> 00:10:22,830
631
+ ุทูˆุฑูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทู„ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง factor ุซู…
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:10:22,830 --> 00:10:24,990
635
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง camp test ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:10:27,870 --> 00:10:30,670
639
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Bi
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:10:30,670 --> 00:10:31,590
643
+ -ascline test
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:38,880
647
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู„ู† ูŠูƒุชุดู ูู‚ุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ ุจู„ ุณูŠูƒุชุดู
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:10:38,880 --> 00:10:44,440
651
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุดุฎุตูŠุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงุŒ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠู„ุŒ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:10:44,440 --> 00:10:49,060
655
+ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจูˆุชูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆูƒู„ูƒู… ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุถูู†ุงู‡ุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:10:49,060 --> 00:10:53,200
659
+ ุงุตู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒูˆู…ูƒูŠ ู„ุชู‚ู†ุน ุฒูˆุงุฌ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุฑุงู… ุฌูŠุฏ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:58,560
663
+ ู„ุชู‚ู†ุน ุฒูˆุงุฌ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุฑุงู… ุฌูŠุฏ ุถูู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒูˆู…ูƒูŠุŒ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:10:58,560 --> 00:11:01,540
667
+ ุถูู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ู€ selective,
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:05,980
671
+ lesionable ูˆุดุฌู„ุฉู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:05,980 --> 00:11:08,800
675
+ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ bileุŒ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:15,360
679
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุกุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:18,780
683
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ bileุŒ ุฃู…ุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ bile ุฃุตู„ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:11:18,780 --> 00:11:24,230
687
+ ุจุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠู†ูƒุจ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุกุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:11:24,230 --> 00:11:27,910
691
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ resistance ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุญุณุจ ูˆูŠู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:11:27,910 --> 00:11:32,310
695
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุงู„ bile ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุชุนุฏ ุนู†
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:35,570
699
+ ุงู„ bile duct ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ degradation
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:11:35,570 --> 00:11:40,430
703
+ ูˆุจุชูƒุณุฑ ูุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุจุนุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:11:40,430 --> 00:11:47,690
707
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู„ู„ bile duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:11:47,690 --> 00:11:54,730
711
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตุจ ุงู„ bileุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:11:54,730 --> 00:11:59,790
715
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠูƒุดู ุนู† ุตูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:11:59,790 --> 00:12:03,550
719
+ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ bio ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:03,550 --> 00:12:07,270
723
+ ุชุนู…ู„ hydrolysis ู„ู„ ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุงูŠ ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู†
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:07,270 --> 00:12:10,050
727
+ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุณูŠุณ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ bio ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู†
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:10,050 --> 00:12:14,490
731
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุชู…ุงู… ุจุชู†ุฒุฌู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:14,490 --> 00:12:17,770
735
+ hydrolysis ู„ู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู†ุง glucose ุฒุงุฏ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:23,270
739
+ glycone ุงุณูƒูˆู„ุชูŠู†ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ุชูŠู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:23,270 --> 00:12:27,030
743
+ ุจูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน iron salts ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ media ูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:12:27,030 --> 00:12:33,330
747
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ู„ู†ุง black or brown color ุงุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู…ุช
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:12:33,330 --> 00:12:36,390
751
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ bile ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู„ resistant
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:12:36,390 --> 00:12:39,810
755
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญู„ู„ุช ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:12:39,810 --> 00:12:45,770
759
+ ู…ุงุญู„ู„ุชูˆุดุŸ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุณูˆุฏุงุก ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:12:45,770 --> 00:12:51,770
763
+ ู…ู† ุงูŠู† ุงุฌุงุŸุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุญู„ู„ ูˆ ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠุชูŠู†
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:12:51,770 --> 00:12:54,490
767
+ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ iron salts ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:12:54,490 --> 00:12:58,190
771
+ media ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ุบุงู…ู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:12:58,190 --> 00:13:01,730
775
+ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ููŠู†ุง ุตูุชูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:01,730 --> 00:13:03,790
779
+ enterococcus ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:03,790 --> 00:13:08,430
783
+ ุงู„ุตูŠุจูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ enterococci ุจุธุชู ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:08,430 --> 00:13:13,290
787
+ ุงู„estetococcus ุงู„ุฌุงู„ูƒูŠุฉ ู†ูŠุฌุชุฑูˆุงูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชูˆุถุญ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:13,290 --> 00:13:17,430
791
+ ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุงู† ุงู„ .. ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:21,830
795
+ ุนู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูˆู† ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ูˆู† ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:21,830 --> 00:13:25,950
799
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูุญุต ุตุญ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุจุฏ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:28,910
803
+ ุชุฃุฐู„ูŠ ุงู„ enterococcus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูƒุชุจู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:13:28,910 --> 00:13:33,030
807
+ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ูุณูƒ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุด ู…ู…ูƒู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:37,640
811
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ bileุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:40,980
815
+ ุงู„ bile ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุตู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:13:40,980 --> 00:13:43,580
819
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ screen hydrolysisุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:13:43,580 --> 00:13:46,600
823
+ okay biochemical test ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช selective
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:13:46,600 --> 00:13:50,480
827
+ mediaุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนุฒู„ ุจูˆุงุณุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ุฃุนุฒู„ ุงู„
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:52,860
831
+ enterococci ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:58,780
835
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ bile ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ .. ู‡ุงูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:13:58,780 --> 00:14:01,780
839
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุตุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ bile ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุตุจ ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:01,780 --> 00:14:04,760
843
+ bile ุงูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ุŸ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:04,760 --> 00:14:07,840
847
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ resistance ู„ู‡ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:11,060
851
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏู†ุงุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ dilution ู„ู„ bileุŒ ูƒู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:11,060 --> 00:14:14,400
855
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ุŒ ูุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนูŠุด ููŠ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:17,240
859
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฏูŠุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ high percentageุŒ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:21,980
863
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู‚ู„ resistance ู„ู„ bileุŒ ูˆุตู„ุชุŸู„ุฃ ุงุจูุฏู†ุงุด
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:14:21,980 --> 00:14:25,820
867
+ ุจุณ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ enterococci ุงูˆ ุงู† ู…ุด ูƒู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:14:25,820 --> 00:14:34,920
871
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง as equally resistant to bile ุงู„ูุญุต
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:14:34,920 --> 00:14:37,880
875
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุนููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ latex
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:14:37,880 --> 00:14:41,660
879
+ agglutinationุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ุจุชูˆุถุญู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:14:41,660 --> 00:14:45,140
883
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ positive control ูˆุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ negative
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:14:45,140 --> 00:14:48,400
887
+ control ู„ุญุธุฉ ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ agglutination
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:52,120
891
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† milky appearance ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:56,820
895
+ milky appearanceุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด agglutination ูˆููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:14:56,820 --> 00:15:00,620
899
+ distribution ู„ู„ lattice particle ููŠ ุงู„ solution
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:00,620 --> 00:15:05,790
903
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ negative reaction ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุฑุฉุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:05,790 --> 00:15:09,430
907
+ Latex agglutination ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุบุฑุถูŠู† ุงู…ุง ู„ู„ูƒุดู
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:09,430 --> 00:15:15,650
911
+ ุนู† ุงู„ antigen ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… antibody ู‡ู„ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:15,650 --> 00:15:19,310
915
+ ุจู†ูุนู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุตุŸ ู†ุนู… ุจู†ูุนู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ูˆ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:15:19,310 --> 00:15:25,710
919
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุฑุฑู†ุง ุงุฏุฎุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ streptococcus agalactica
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:15:25,710 --> 00:15:30,410
923
+ ูƒุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู…
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:35,490
927
+ ุญุงู…ู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู†
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:15:35,490 --> 00:15:41,350
931
+ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนุจุฑ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:15:41,350 --> 00:15:45,350
935
+ ุฃูุถู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ culture ูˆู„ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ latex agglutinationุŸ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:15:46,940 --> 00:15:50,180
939
+ ุชุฌุนูˆุด ููŠ ุงู„ูุฎุชุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:15:50,180 --> 00:15:54,500
943
+ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ culture ุงู„ culture ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ .. ู…ู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:15:54,500 --> 00:15:57,320
947
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฏู‚ุฉ ูˆ sensitivity ูˆ ู…ุงุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:15:57,320 --> 00:16:01,040
951
+ antibiotic ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุฎุต ูˆ ุฃุณุฑุน ูŠู…ูƒู† ูุฅุญู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:01,040 --> 00:16:04,900
955
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒ screening test ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุทู„ุน ุจุณุทู
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:04,900 --> 00:16:08,380
959
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ culture ูˆุตู„ุง ุตู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจุฏูŠู„ ุนู† ุงู„
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:08,380 --> 00:16:10,720
963
+ culture ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุทู„ุน negative ูู‡ูˆ negative ู„ุฅู†ู‡
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:15,100
967
+ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฅู†ู‡ rapidity and
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:17,270 --> 00:16:21,170
971
+ sensitivity ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ sensitivity ุฃุณุงุณ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:16:21,170 --> 00:16:23,650
975
+ screening test ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† highly
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:16:23,650 --> 00:16:28,070
979
+ sensitive ู„ูŠุด highly sensitiveุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ negative
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:16:28,070 --> 00:16:31,150
983
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุฌุฏ negative ู…ุด ุถุงู„ูˆุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† highly specific
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:16:31,150 --> 00:16:34,410
987
+ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ confirmatory test ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฅู† ููŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:16:34,410 --> 00:16:39,510
991
+ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ sensitivity ูˆ ุงู„ specificity ุทูŠุจ to sum
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:16:39,510 --> 00:16:43,420
995
+ upุชู„ุฎูŠุต ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู„ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฏู‡ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฑุฌุน
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:16:43,420 --> 00:16:46,920
999
+ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุชุฉ hemorretic streptococci
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:16:46,920 --> 00:16:50,960
1003
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต ุงู„ุจุณุชุฑุณูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู… ุฃู„ุฌุฃ ู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:16:50,960 --> 00:16:54,400
1007
+ serology ู„ู… ุฃู„ุฌุฃ ู„ serology ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:58,330
1011
+ it is expensiveูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„astrology ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงุชูƒู„ู…
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:16:58,330 --> 00:17:01,490
1015
+ ุนู† ุจูŠุณุชุฑุงุณูŠู† ุฏูŠุณูƒ ุงูˆ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† beta hemolysis ุงูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:01,490 --> 00:17:05,250
1019
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† bile ischoline ู‡ุฐุง very .. very cheap
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:08,150
1023
+ test ุงุฐุง resistant ูˆ ุงุฐุง sensitiveุŒ ุงุฐุง sensitive
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:08,150 --> 00:17:11,710
1027
+ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง streptococcus biodeinsุŒ ุงุฐุง resistant
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:11,710 --> 00:17:14,570
1031
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ camp testุŒ ุงู„ camp test ุจูุณุท ูู‡ูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:17:14,570 --> 00:17:16,830
1035
+ streptococcus agalacticaุŒ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช camp test
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:17:16,830 --> 00:17:20,740
1039
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠ ูู‡ูŠ other beta hemolytic streptococcusู‡ู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:17:20,740 --> 00:17:24,120
1043
+ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุฃูƒู…ู„ุดุŸ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ู…ุนุงูŠุง
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:17:24,120 --> 00:17:26,640
1047
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง other groups of beta-hemolytic
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:17:26,640 --> 00:17:30,100
1051
+ streptococci ุฃูƒู…ู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุฃูƒู…ู„ุดุŸ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู†ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:17:30,100 --> 00:17:33,540
1055
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:17:33,540 --> 00:17:37,540
1059
+ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ุฅุฐุง
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:17:37,540 --> 00:17:41,960
1063
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุชุจุนูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:45,820
1067
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุญุฑุณู…ุฉ ABI strepto
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:17:47,390 --> 00:17:52,090
1071
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ABI-20E ููŠ ABI-stripto ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ABI-stripto
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:17:52,090 --> 00:17:55,830
1075
+ ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู„ูƒู† ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉุŸ ู‡ุงู†ุง
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:58,750
1079
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉุŸ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุชุŸ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:17:58,750 --> 00:18:03,970
1083
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู‡ู… groups ู…ู† ู‡ู…ุง A ูˆB ูˆD ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ..
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:03,970 --> 00:18:06,750
1087
+ ููŠ ุงู„stripto ูƒูˆูƒุณ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:18:06,750 --> 00:18:10,690
1091
+ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุชู‡ุงุŸ ููŠ ุฃูŠู† ุฑุงุญุชุŸ ู‡ูŠ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:18:10,690 --> 00:18:17,010
1095
+ ุจูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ูˆู‡ูŠ B ู…ุนุฏู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:18:17,010 --> 00:18:20,650
1099
+ Beta Hemolysis ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ Beta Hemolysis ูุฒูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:18:20,650 --> 00:18:23,430
1103
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:25,870
1107
+ identification ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:18:25,870 --> 00:18:26,930
1111
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุชูˆุฑุฉ ูุถู„ูˆุด ุจุฌุฏูƒ ุชุญูƒูŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:18:32,970 --> 00:18:37,150
1115
+ ุงู„ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุจูƒุดู ุนู† body
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:44,110
1119
+ from the serum ุงูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ detection ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:18:44,110 --> 00:18:46,030
1123
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:18:49,240 --> 00:18:51,640
1127
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ streptococcus
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:18:51,640 --> 00:18:54,940
1131
+ pneumonia ูˆุงู„ู€ streptococcus pneumonia ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:18:54,940 --> 00:18:58,300
1135
+ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ gram-bostef ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Lancet shape ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:18:58,300 --> 00:19:07,220
1139
+ ู‡ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:19:07,220 --> 00:19:11,940
1143
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ capsulatedูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณุชุฑุจุช ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:19:11,940 --> 00:19:16,460
1147
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงู‰ and capsulated ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:19:16,460 --> 00:19:19,060
1151
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู„ุฃ ุงุณุชุฑุจุช ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงู‰ ูˆู…ุด
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:19:19,060 --> 00:19:23,940
1155
+ capsulated ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ุนู… ุจุณู…ุญูˆุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:19:23,940 --> 00:19:30,440
1159
+ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:35,360
1163
+ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุคูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:19:35,360 --> 00:19:39,040
1167
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุŒ ู„ุญุธุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:42,280
1171
+ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆูˆุงุถุญ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:19:42,280 --> 00:19:46,280
1175
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ .. ู„ู‡ุง ุบู„ุงู ู„ู…ุง ุญู‚ู†ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:51,000
1179
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุงูˆุณุŒ ู…ุง ู…ุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mouse ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ ..
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:54,560
1183
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุช ุงู„ mouse ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:58,580
1187
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุนู„ู… Griffith ูˆุฌุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:19:58,580 --> 00:20:01,060
1191
+ capsulated strain of streptococcus pneumonia is
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:01,060 --> 00:20:04,820
1195
+ pathogenicุŒ virulent ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ non pathogenicุŒ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:04,820 --> 00:20:10,000
1199
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆุณู…ูˆู‡ rough ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุณู…ูˆู‡ smooth
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:14,100
1203
+ ุงู„ roughness ูˆ ุงู„ smoothness ุงูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุญุฑู
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:20:14,100 --> 00:20:19,480
1207
+ ุงู„ R ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑู…ุฒูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุญุฑู ุงู„ S ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ R colonies
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:23,860
1211
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูƒู„ู…ุฉ R colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ rough colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:20:23,860 --> 00:20:28,280
1215
+ non-capsulated ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ S colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ smooth
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:20:28,280 --> 00:20:29,940
1219
+ colonies ูŠุนู†ูŠ capsulated
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:20:33,140 --> 00:20:36,940
1223
+ ู„ุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:20:36,940 --> 00:20:41,940
1227
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูƒุงู† ูุงุฑู‚ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฏู…ุฏู„ูˆู„ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:47,000
1231
+ pathogen ูˆ none pathogen ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:48,800
1235
+ step to caucus pneumonia ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:53,700
1239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ pathogen ูุจุฏุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ูˆุตู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู†ูƒู…ู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:58,470
1243
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุชุจุนู‡ุงู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏูˆุง heat killed smooth strain
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:20:58,470 --> 00:21:03,090
1247
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ heat ุฃุณ heat killed ุฃุณ ู…ู‚ุชูˆู„ุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑ ู…ุงุตุฑ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:03,090 --> 00:21:07,010
1251
+ ุฃูŠุด ููŠู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุญุทูˆุง ุงู„ ุงู„ rough strain ูˆุถุนูˆุง ููŠู‡
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:07,010 --> 00:21:12,170
1255
+ ุงู„ heat killed ู…ุด ุฏุฎู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุฉ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:12,170 --> 00:21:16,020
1259
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ู…ู† ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:16,020 --> 00:21:16,180
1263
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:21:16,180 --> 00:21:16,960
1267
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:17,240
1271
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:17,440
1275
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:17,820
1279
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:17,820
1283
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:17,820
1287
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:17,820
1291
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:21:17,820 --> 00:21:17,900
1295
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:17,900
1299
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:17,900
1303
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:17,900
1307
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:23,800
1311
+ ุงู„ุชุชุชุชุช
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:21:27,710 --> 00:21:34,010
1315
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู† ุงู„ DNA ู‡ูˆ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:21:34,010 --> 00:21:37,270
1319
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:21:37,270 --> 00:21:41,870
1323
+ Griffith ุฌุงุจ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ heat killed smooth ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:21:41,870 --> 00:21:45,470
1327
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ DNA ูˆ ุญุทู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฑุงู ูˆ ู„ุฌุฃ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:21:45,470 --> 00:21:49,430
1331
+ ูุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ DNA ูˆ ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:21:49,430 --> 00:21:51,610
1335
+ protein ูƒู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู†ูˆู„ุฏูˆุง
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:21:51,610 --> 00:21:55,330
1339
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:21:55,330 --> 00:21:57,530
1343
+ ู…ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ protein ู„ูŠุด ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:21:57,530 --> 00:22:00,250
1347
+ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู„ู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠุฉุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงูŠุด .. ุงูˆ ุงูŠุด
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:22:00,250 --> 00:22:03,130
1351
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุงุชู‚ุงุฏุŸ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino acids
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:22:03,130 --> 00:22:08,110
1355
+ ู‡ู… ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino acid ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ DNA ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงุฑุจุน
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:22:08,110 --> 00:22:15,000
1359
+ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏู…ูŠู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ combinations ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนุทูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ..
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,600
1363
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ูƒุฃุญุฑู ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุญุฑู ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:22,340
1367
+ acids ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุท ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุญุฑู ู…ุนุฑูˆู
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:22:22,340 --> 00:22:26,020
1371
+ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช .. ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ 28 ูˆ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:22:26,020 --> 00:22:30,120
1375
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ 26 ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณุช
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:22:30,120 --> 00:22:34,280
1379
+ ุจู†ุง ุฏุฑุณุช ุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุญุฑู ูู‚ุท ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนุฏุฏ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:38,980
1383
+ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุบู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุบู†ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุชููƒุงู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:22:38,980 --> 00:22:43,100
1387
+ ุงู„ู…ุคู‡ู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:22:43,100 --> 00:22:47,440
1391
+ ูƒู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ protein ุฃูˆ ุงู„ amino acids ููƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:22:47,440 --> 00:22:51,500
1395
+ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุงู„ proof ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:54,160
1399
+ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ ..
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:22:59,210 --> 00:23:03,450
1403
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู… ุนุฒู„ู‡ุง ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู„ูˆูŠุณ ุจุงุณุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู†
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:23:03,450 --> 00:23:08,810
1407
+ ุงู„ุชุงุณุน ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุซุจุชู‡
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:23:08,810 --> 00:23:12,990
1411
+ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ looper pneumonia ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ looper
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:23:12,990 --> 00:23:16,430
1415
+ pneumonia ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู† ุงู„ whole loop of the lung is
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:23:16,430 --> 00:23:19,570
1419
+ infected ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุฌุฒุก ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ lung ูˆ ุงู†ู…ุง ุงู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:23:19,570 --> 00:23:23,750
1423
+ loop ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจุฉุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ two variants
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:25,650
1427
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ capsulated ูˆ ุงู„ non-capsulated ุงู„
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:23:25,650 --> 00:23:30,110
1431
+ normal habitat they are normal flora of the upper
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:23:30,110 --> 00:23:33,750
1435
+ respiratory tract, nasopharyngeal ุฃูˆ oral flora
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:23:33,750 --> 00:23:37,010
1439
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุถุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุงุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:23:37,010 --> 00:23:41,090
1443
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุด infected are carrying this
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:23:41,090 --> 00:23:44,990
1447
+ organism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุถู‡ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ูƒ normal flora ูƒูŠู
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:23:44,990 --> 00:23:48,450
1451
+ ุชูุณุฑูˆุงุŸ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ูƒ normal flora ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:23:48,450 --> 00:23:54,590
1455
+ pneumoniaุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ูˆุญู†ุดูˆู ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:23:54,590 --> 00:23:59,630
1459
+ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฎุฏู†ุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:23:59,630 --> 00:24:00,430
1463
+ ู†ู…ุณุญ ุจุตููˆุฑุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:13,520
1467
+ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ disease is pneumococcal
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:24:13,520 --> 00:24:17,120
1471
+ pneumonia ู†ู…ูˆูƒูˆูƒุงู„ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู†
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:24:17,120 --> 00:24:22,480
1475
+ ุงูŠ ุงุฎุฑ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ุชูŠูƒู„ูŠุจุณูŠู„ู‡ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู…
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:26,020
1479
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูู‰ ู‡ู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจุชุณุจุจ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:24:26,020 --> 00:24:29,880
1483
+ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ููƒูŠู ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุชู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:35,740
1487
+ pneumococcal pneumonia ูˆู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู† pneumococci is the
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:24:35,740 --> 00:24:40,100
1491
+ common name of streptococcus pneumonia pneumococci
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:24:41,860 --> 00:24:44,080
1495
+ ุทุจ ููŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุฏู„ุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุนู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:48,120
1499
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌูŠุชุงูŠุฏุณ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง meningococci ูˆ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:24:48,120 --> 00:24:52,640
1503
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง gonococci ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:59,360
1507
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏู„ุนู†ุงู‡ู… is
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:24:59,360 --> 00:25:04,560
1511
+ pneumonia ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง pneumococci ูˆ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:06,120
1515
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌูŠุชุงูŠุฏุณ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:13,960
1519
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ูˆ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆ ุฑูŠุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:25:13,960 --> 00:25:18,380
1523
+ ุฌูˆู†ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ุฌูˆู†ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:21,600
1527
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฏุจู„ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:26,080
1531
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ุชูŠู† gram ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุญูˆุฑ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:30,300
1535
+ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูุฑ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุทุฃ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:25:30,300 --> 00:25:35,460
1539
+ ุชุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู†ุนู… gram ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูˆ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:25:35,460 --> 00:25:35,900
1543
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ gram
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:43,040
1547
+ ุทุจ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู…ู„ gram stain ู„ู€
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:25:43,040 --> 00:25:47,060
1551
+ streptococcus pneumonia ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ูˆ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:25:47,060 --> 00:25:51,240
1555
+ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงุฎุฏ antibiotic ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงุฏ ุฌุจุงุฌ ู…ุงุฎุฏ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:25:51,240 --> 00:25:55,380
1559
+ ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ gram negative diplococci ุจูŠุญุตู„
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:25:55,380 --> 00:26:00,820
1563
+ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ุงุด ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู€ gram
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:26:00,820 --> 00:26:04,140
1567
+ positive ู„ู€ gram negative ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑุถู‡ุง ู„ู€ antibiotics
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:09,660
1571
+ ูุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุทูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง Gram Negative Diplococci
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:26:09,660 --> 00:26:14,240
1575
+ ุทุจ Gram Negative Diplococci ููŠ ุงู„ CSF ู‡ุชูุณุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:17,520
1579
+ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ุฏูŠุชุณุŸ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:26:17,520 --> 00:26:21,420
1583
+ ู…ูŠู†ุฏูŠุชุณ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุญุงุฐุฑูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ reporting
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:26:21,420 --> 00:26:24,660
1587
+ ุชุจุนู†ุง ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูŠู† Stratococcus pneumonia ููŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:26:24,660 --> 00:26:29,440
1591
+ treatment ูˆ ุจูŠู† ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ุฏูŠุชุณูˆ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:32,800
1595
+ ููŠ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ูุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:26:32,800 --> 00:26:36,080
1599
+ ุญุงูƒูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ never ever perform gram
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:40,240
1603
+ stain from an old culture ุตุญ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:26:40,240 --> 00:26:44,790
1607
+ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ gram stain ููŠู‡ ุงุญุชูŠุงุทุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉุชุจุฏุฃ ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:26:44,790 --> 00:26:49,190
1611
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ smear making ูˆ ุงู„ air drying ู…ุงู†ุดูˆู‡ุงุด ุดูˆูŠ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:26:49,190 --> 00:26:53,250
1615
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fixation okay ู…ุงู†ุณุชุนุฌู„ุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:26:53,250 --> 00:26:56,430
1619
+ ููŠ ุงู„ air drying ุฎู„ู‡ุง ุชุชุฌู ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:26:56,430 --> 00:27:00,510
1623
+ ู†ุตุจุบู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† one minute ูˆ ุงู„ washing
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:27:00,510 --> 00:27:04,030
1627
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† gentle ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ูƒุญูˆู„ ู†ุถูŠูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ slope
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:27:04,170 --> 00:27:06,590
1631
+ ูˆู…ุงูŠุฒู„ุด ุนู† twenty seconds ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงูˆ thirty
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:27:06,590 --> 00:27:10,270
1635
+ seconds ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุงุจุท ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู„ gram stain ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:27:10,270 --> 00:27:14,090
1639
+ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ reaction ู…ู† positive ุฅู„ู‰
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:27:14,090 --> 00:27:17,370
1643
+ negative ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:27:21,900 --> 00:27:24,960
1647
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Zero TasmanianุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:27:24,960 --> 00:27:29,440
1651
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ ุชุณู‡ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:32,280
1655
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุทู‚ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจู„ุบุฉ ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู†
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:37,860
1659
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุงุณู… ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูŠุจุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:27:37,860 --> 00:27:42,660
1663
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ pneumonia is associated with a viral
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:27:42,660 --> 00:27:47,620
1667
+ infection ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู†ุตุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:27:47,620 --> 00:27:50,840
1671
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ู…ุง viral infection ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ influenza
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:27:50,840 --> 00:27:55,120
1675
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ influenza ุฃูˆ respiratory syncytial virus
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:27:55,120 --> 00:27:57,000
1679
+ RSV
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:27:58,350 --> 00:28:01,910
1683
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ infection ุจูŠุนู…ู„ destruction ู„ ุงู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:28:01,910 --> 00:28:06,750
1687
+ first line of defense ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุณู‡ุฑ
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:28:06,750 --> 00:28:08,850
1691
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ infection ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:28:08,850 --> 00:28:12,930
1695
+ secondary infection secondary to whatุŸ to viral
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:28:12,930 --> 00:28:15,590
1699
+ infection ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ viral infection ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:28:15,590 --> 00:28:19,610
1703
+ ุงู„ primary cause ุงู„ primary cause ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:28:19,610 --> 00:28:23,710
1707
+ the secondary cause ูุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง secondary infectionุงูˆ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:28:23,710 --> 00:28:29,610
1711
+ persons who have impaired drainage system ุงูˆู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:28:29,610 --> 00:28:33,110
1715
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ diagnostic ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ูˆ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:28:33,110 --> 00:28:36,650
1719
+ ููŠ ุงู„ normal microbiota ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:28:36,650 --> 00:28:39,930
1723
+ ุงู„ lungs ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ respiratory system ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:28:39,930 --> 00:28:44,480
1727
+ outside the bodyู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ .. ู…ูˆุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:49,940
1731
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุณุชู†ุดู‚ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆู‰ ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:28:49,940 --> 00:28:52,900
1735
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฑุง ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฑูˆุฏ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:28:52,900 --> 00:28:56,060
1739
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†ู ุชุจุนู†ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ู… ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ lungs ุงู„ lungs
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:28:56,060 --> 00:28:59,620
1743
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู…ุญุชุฑู…ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:28:59,620 --> 00:29:04,380
1747
+ drainage system ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุตุฑูุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ุทุจุนุง
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:29:04,380 --> 00:29:08,400
1751
+ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:29:08,400 --> 00:29:14,160
1755
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ู„ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ smokers ุงู„ู…ุฏุฎู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุดุฏู‡
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:29:14,160 --> 00:29:17,860
1759
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงูˆ ู†ุงุณ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:29:17,860 --> 00:29:21,960
1763
+ ุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ irritation ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุงุช
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:24,720
1767
+ ุงูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุชุณุฑุจ ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฏู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:28,960
1771
+ ู†ุชุณุฑุจ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุงู… ุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุถุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุงูŠุถุง
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:34,000
1775
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุชู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:37,840
1779
+ ููŠ ุงู„ drainage system ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุฃุตุงุจ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:29:37,840 --> 00:29:42,260
1783
+ pneumococcalุŒ ุงู„ pneumoniaุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ viral
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:29:42,260 --> 00:29:45,240
1787
+ infectionุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ drainage ูˆุฌูŠุจู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:49,810
1791
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ immunocompromised peopleุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:29:49,810 --> 00:29:54,650
1795
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุถ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจุงุชู‡
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:29:54,650 --> 00:29:58,210
1799
+ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ .. ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ predisposing factors
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:29:58,210 --> 00:30:01,470
1803
+ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุคู‡ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ bronchitis,
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:30:01,590 --> 00:30:06,510
1807
+ sinusitis, otitis media, septicemia and .. ุฎุฏูˆุง
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:30:06,510 --> 00:30:13,410
1811
+ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ sinusitis
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:30:13,410 --> 00:30:16,850
1815
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ููŠุฉ ูˆ otitis media
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:30:16,850 --> 00:30:21,370
1819
+ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฐู† ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ meningitis
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:30:21,370 --> 00:30:25,730
1823
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุดุฃ ู…ู† sinusitis ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† otitis media
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:30:25,730 --> 00:30:28,530
1827
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:30:28,530 --> 00:30:33,410
1831
+ meninges ู…ู†
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:30:33,410 --> 00:30:36,630
1835
+ ุงู„ antigenic structures ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุง
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:30:36,630 --> 00:30:40,610
1839
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชูŠุชูˆูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:30:40,610 --> 00:30:44,570
1843
+ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:30:44,570 --> 00:30:45,930
1847
+ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:30:47,660 --> 00:30:53,520
1851
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุตู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:59,540
1855
+ ู…ู† 84 Serotypes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุจุช ููŠ Serotype ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฃู…ู„ูƒ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:30:59,540 --> 00:31:03,580
1859
+ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:31:03,580 --> 00:31:07,960
1863
+ ู…ู† other Serotypes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:31:07,960 --> 00:31:12,260
1867
+ immunocompromised ุงูˆ ู‡ูˆ immunocompromised ู…ู…ูƒู†
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:31:12,260 --> 00:31:17,050
1871
+ ูŠุตุงุจ ุจ 84 ู…ุฑุฉู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ู… ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:31:17,050 --> 00:31:21,090
1875
+ ุงุณุชุฑุจุชูˆุง ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุณู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ูู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู†
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:31:21,090 --> 00:31:26,370
1879
+ vaccine ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† vaccine ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงูˆ ู†ุดูƒู„ vaccine
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:31:26,370 --> 00:31:30,970
1883
+ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงุฑู‡ุงู‚ ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:31:30,970 --> 00:31:36,130
1887
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุน ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ุŸ ูˆ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ vaccineุŸ ู†ุนู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:31:36,130 --> 00:31:38,130
1891
+ vaccine ุงูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ูƒ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงุณุชุฑุจุช ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุจ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:31:38,130 --> 00:31:39,410
1895
+ ุณู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:45,460
1899
+ ุจู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† 84 .. ู„ุฃ ุจู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ most common
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:31:45,460 --> 00:31:50,440
1903
+ serotypesุŒ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ surveyุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:55,440
1907
+ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ .. ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช serologicallyุŒ ู…ุด
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:31:55,440 --> 00:31:58,100
1911
+ ูู‚ุท ู†ู‚ูˆู„ strip the caucasus pneumonia ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุถ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:31:58,100 --> 00:32:01,220
1915
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุจู†ูƒุชููŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ strip the caucasusุŒ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:32:01,220 --> 00:32:06,370
1919
+ ุจู†ุนุฑูุด ุฅุณู… ุงู„ speciesู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ species ูˆ ุงู„
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:32:06,370 --> 00:32:10,030
1923
+ strain ุนุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ epidemiological
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:32:10,030 --> 00:32:13,830
1927
+ investigation ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ ูŠุดูˆู ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุฒูŠ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:32:13,830 --> 00:32:16,130
1931
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ vaccine ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู…ูŠู† ุงู„
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:32:16,130 --> 00:32:21,450
1935
+ strains ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ููƒูˆู†ูˆุง vaccine ..
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:32:21,450 --> 00:32:26,750
1939
+ vaccineุงุช ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† 14 .. 14 serotype
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:32:28,770 --> 00:32:34,710
1943
+ ูˆ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ุจูƒุซุฑุฉ ุบุฒุฉ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชู†ูุฐ ู†ุธุงู… ุชุทุนูŠู…
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:32:34,710 --> 00:32:37,330
1947
+ ุจุงู„ู€ streptococcus pneumonia ู‚ุจู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:32:37,330 --> 00:32:41,530
1951
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุคุฏู‰ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุญุงุฏ ูู‰ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:32:41,530 --> 00:32:44,050
1955
+ meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumonia ู‡ุฐุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:32:44,050 --> 00:32:48,870
1959
+ ุงู…ุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุงู…ุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ู„ูƒู† ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุดุจุงุจ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:32:48,870 --> 00:32:53,450
1963
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู†ุง vaccine ู‡ุฏุง vaccine ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:32:53,450 --> 00:32:57,490
1967
+ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูู‰ ุบุฒุฉ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ู†ูˆุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:32:57,490 --> 00:33:01,930
1971
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู€ 14 ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุฃุดู‡ุฑ 14 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:33:01,930 --> 00:33:04,930
1975
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ู… infection ุนู…ู„ุช
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:33:04,930 --> 00:33:10,970
1979
+ ู„ู‡ู… vaccine ุจุทู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฑุฒู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุงู…ุง ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชูˆุง ุงูˆ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:33:10,970 --> 00:33:17,750
1983
+ ุงูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงูˆ ูŠุฑุญู„ูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณูˆุฌ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:33:17,750 --> 00:33:21,390
1987
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุฒู‚ุฉุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฑุฒู‚ุฉุŸ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:33:21,390 --> 00:33:26,790
1991
+ ู‡ู… ู…ุงู†ู‡ู…ุด ุงูˆ ู…ุงุนู†ุงุด protection ู„ู‡ู… ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:33:26,790 --> 00:33:28,270
1995
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Serotype
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:39,340
1999
+ replacement ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ุฎุดูŠุชู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู† ุงู„ strings
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:33:39,340 --> 00:33:42,960
2003
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง vaccination ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุชุฎุชููŠ ู„ูƒู†
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:47,800
2007
+ ุชุณุชุจุฏู„ ุจุณู„ูˆู„ุงุช ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:52,440
2011
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงุทู…ุฆู†ูƒู… ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุดูŠุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:33:52,440 --> 00:33:56,060
2015
+ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุจู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:33:56,060 --> 00:33:56,360
2019
+ vaccine
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:33:59,160 --> 00:34:02,180
2023
+ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:34:02,180 --> 00:34:05,700
2027
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is to escape the process of
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:34:05,700 --> 00:34:08,700
2031
+ phagocytosis and for a specific attachment ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:34:08,700 --> 00:34:13,240
2035
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุตูุชูŠู† ู…ู‚ุชุถุงุฑุจุชูŠู† ุชู‡ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:34:13,240 --> 00:34:16,380
2039
+ phagocytosis ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ูŠ specific receptor
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:34:16,380 --> 00:34:21,700
2043
+ ู„ู„attachment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:34:21,700 --> 00:34:23,600
2047
+ ุงู„striptococcus pneumonia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฑูƒุฒุช ุนู„ู‰
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:34:23,600 --> 00:34:28,540
2051
+ ุงู„striptococcus biogenes ููŠ ูุญุต ุงุณู…ู‡ ASOT ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุŸ
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:38,240
2055
+ ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ูุญุต ุงุณู…ู‡ CRP CRP
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:34:38,240 --> 00:34:43,760
2059
+ ุชุฎุชุตุฑ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ CRPุŸ C ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง Reactive Protein ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ C
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:34:43,760 --> 00:34:46,380
2063
+ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง C
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:34:46,380 --> 00:34:48,960
2067
+ -Polysaccharide C-Polysaccharide ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:52,780
2071
+ cell wall ุชุจุน ุงู„ gram-boosted streptococci ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:34:52,780 --> 00:34:57,500
2075
+ ุฌูŠู†ุงุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… step to kokash pneumonia ู„ู…ุง
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:34:57,500 --> 00:35:00,880
2079
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ serum ุชุจุงุนู‡ู… ุงู„ serum ุชุจุงุนู‡ู… ุจุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:03,340
2083
+ C polysaccharide ุชุจุน ุงู„ step to kokash pneumonia
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:35:03,340 --> 00:35:08,140
2087
+ ูุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ูˆุณู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชูุงุนู„ุช ู…ุน C
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:35:08,140 --> 00:35:12,800
2091
+ polysaccharide ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง protein reacted with C
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:17,620
2095
+ polysaccharide protein reacted with C ูุณู…ูˆู‡ุง C
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:35:17,620 --> 00:35:22,680
2099
+ reactive proteinุงุนุชู‚ุฏู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Antibody
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:35:22,680 --> 00:35:25,640
2103
+ specific ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ C-Polysaccharide of streptococcus
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:35:25,640 --> 00:35:30,620
2107
+ pneumonia ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฌูŠุฒุฉ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง CRP ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ูƒู„
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:35:30,620 --> 00:35:36,100
2111
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ inflammation ูุจุทู„ ุงู„ุขู† specificุŒ ุงูŠุด ุตุงุฑ
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:35:36,100 --> 00:35:41,080
2115
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ non-specific test ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ non-specific test
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:35:41,080 --> 00:35:46,660
2119
+ for inflammation ุฏู‡ ู„ุตูˆูุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุฑู E
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:35:46,660 --> 00:35:48,720
2123
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ S ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ R
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:04,120
2127
+ ุงู„ู€ ESR ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:36:04,120 --> 00:36:07,200
2131
+ very common test to detect non-specific
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:36:07,200 --> 00:36:07,960
2135
+ inflammation
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:36:29,020 --> 00:36:33,240
2139
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠุณุช ุงู„ CRPุŸ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ ESR ุฑุงูŠุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุฑุถู‡
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:36:33,240 --> 00:36:36,480
2143
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏู‡ ูุญุตุงุช ู…ู† .. ู…ู† .. ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:40,920
2147
+ ูˆ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูุนุงู„ ู„ูƒู†
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:48,680
2151
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠุณุช ุงู„ CRP ุนู† ุงู„ ESRุŸ ุงู„ CRP ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:36:48,680 --> 00:37:01,230
2155
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุฌุงู„ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:37:01,230 --> 00:37:08,200
2159
+ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจุงุฎุชูุงุกู‡ูู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ ูˆู…ุคุดุฑ
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:12,020
2163
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุกู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุกู‡ ู…ุด ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:37:12,020 --> 00:37:15,440
2167
+ ุงุจุนุทูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูƒุงู† ูุนุงู„ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:18,440
2171
+ ู‡ู„ ุฎูุถ ุงู„ inflammation ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎูุถุชุงุด ู…ุด ุจุฏุงุฌูŠุณ ุงู†ุง
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:37:18,440 --> 00:37:21,560
2175
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ inflammation ุฎูุถุช ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎูุถุชุด ู„ูˆ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:37:21,560 --> 00:37:25,420
2179
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ ESR ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ ESR ุชุฑุชูุน ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุน
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:37:25,420 --> 00:37:31,420
2183
+ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏ
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:37:31,420 --> 00:37:37,340
2187
+ ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูุถู„
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:37:37,340 --> 00:37:42,380
2191
+ ู…ุคุดุฑ ู„ุงุฎุชูุงุก ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ CRP ุงู†ุง ู„ูƒู„ ูุตู„ ุจุฏุฑุณ ููŠู‡
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:37:42,380 --> 00:37:46,060
2195
+ Diagnostic Microbiology ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุฑุงุฌุนุง ุงุจุญุซูˆุง
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:37:46,060 --> 00:37:51,540
2199
+ ุนู† ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ CRP ูƒ test ุงุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู† ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ CRP ูƒ
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:37:51,540 --> 00:37:55,160
2203
+ test ุงุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูุงูŠุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุจุณ
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:37:55,160 --> 00:38:00,220
2207
+ ูู‚ุท non specific inflammation ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:38:00,220 --> 00:38:06,460
2211
+ cystitis ู…ุงุฑ ู…ุนุงูƒู…ุŸุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ูŠ ุณูŠุณุชุงูŠุชุณ ูˆููŠู‡
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:38:06,460 --> 00:38:12,360
2215
+ pyronephritis ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:38:12,360 --> 00:38:18,940
2219
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุต ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง ูˆููŠู‡ ุณูŠุณุชุงูŠุชุณ ุงู†ุช ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ู„ุช
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:38:18,940 --> 00:38:23,500
2223
+ culture ุนู…ู„ุช culture ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ urine ูˆุทู„ุนุช
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:38:23,500 --> 00:38:28,900
2227
+ positive ูˆุทู„ุนุช positive ู‡ู„ ูŠุชุฑุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:38:28,900 --> 00:38:34,700
2231
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุงุŸ ุจุชุฌุฑุจ ุชุนุฑูุŸุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุนุฑูุŒ ู„ุฃู†
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:38:34,700 --> 00:38:39,980
2235
+ ุงู†ุช ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ู…ู†
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:38:39,980 --> 00:38:43,660
2239
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุงู†ุช ููŠ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:38:43,660 --> 00:38:46,140
2243
+ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑู‡ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุงุฎุชู„ุทูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ูˆ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:38:46,140 --> 00:38:48,860
2247
+ ุงู†ุช ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:38:48,860 --> 00:38:54,960
2251
+ ุชุนุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ pyronephritis ูˆู„ุง cystitisุŒ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช CRP
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:38:56,800 --> 00:39:00,800
2255
+ ูˆุทู„ุน positive ูู‡ูŠ palo nephritis but not cystitis
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:05,680
2259
+ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน negative ูู‡ูŠ cystitis ู…ุด ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:39:05,680 --> 00:39:11,020
2263
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:39:11,020 --> 00:39:16,600
2267
+ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุฃุทุจุงู„ู†ุงู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:20,740
2271
+ ุฌู‡ู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูุงู†ุง
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:39:20,740 --> 00:39:26,540
2275
+ ุจู†ู†ุตุญูƒู… ุงู†ูƒูˆุง ุชุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู† uses of CRP ูˆ ุชู…ุงู„ูˆุง post
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:39:26,540 --> 00:39:30,440
2279
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ website diagnostic microbiology M ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:34,340
2283
+ diagnostic microbiology M ู…ุด .. ู…ุด ูˆุงุฌุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:39:34,340 --> 00:39:40,630
2287
+ ุงู†ู…ุง ุดูŠุก ุชุณุชููŠุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูุถู„ุงุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู„ุงู†
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:39:40,630 --> 00:39:44,310
2291
+ ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ ุจูˆู„ ุทู„ุนุช ุจูˆุณุชู ุจูˆุณุชู ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู‰
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:39:44,310 --> 00:39:47,450
2295
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ู‰ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:39:47,450 --> 00:39:50,670
2299
+ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ู…ุซุงู†ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุตูŠุฑุด ูู‰
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:39:50,670 --> 00:39:54,550
2303
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูู‰ .. ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ liquid ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู‰ ุงุนุฑู
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:39:54,550 --> 00:39:57,570
2307
+ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงู†ุง ุงู„ infection ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ูู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง ูˆู„ุง ูู‰
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:39:57,570 --> 00:40:00,910
2311
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู†ุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ CRP ุงุฐุง ุทู„ุน ุจูˆุณุชู
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:40:00,910 --> 00:40:04,510
2315
+ ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ูู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู„ูŠุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† negative ูŠูƒูˆู†
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:40:04,510 --> 00:40:10,900
2319
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุนู…CRP ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:40:10,900 --> 00:40:15,720
2323
+ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูู‚ุท ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ C
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:40:15,720 --> 00:40:20,640
2327
+ -Polysaccharide ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ non
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:23,520
2331
+ specific inflammation ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ non specific
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:24,220
2335
+ inflammation
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:40:27,350 --> 00:40:32,790
2339
+ ุนุทุชู†ุง .. ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ ุฃูˆ
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:40:32,790 --> 00:40:36,350
2343
+ ุฌู†ุจุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C-E-S-R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:40:36,350 --> 00:40:39,910
2347
+ ู†ุณูŠุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ M-protein ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:40:39,910 --> 00:40:43,770
2351
+ streptococci ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆุธู ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:40:43,770 --> 00:40:45,470
2355
+ ูƒ antifagocytic
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:40:47,480 --> 00:40:50,680
2359
+ ุงู„ู€ Virulence ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง polysaccharide ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆ ุฏู‡
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:40:50,680 --> 00:40:53,600
2363
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ adherence ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:40:53,600 --> 00:40:57,900
2367
+ attachment ุงู„ enzymes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hyaluronidase ุงูุถู„ ู…ู†
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:40:57,900 --> 00:41:00,760
2371
+ ุงู„ neuroaminidase ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ proteases ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:41:00,760 --> 00:41:08,920
2375
+ proteases ุงู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจูŠู‡ุง ุฌู…ุงู„ ู‡ูŠูƒู† then
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:41:08,920 --> 00:41:14,860
2379
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ IGA ุจูŠู†ุชุธุฑ
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:41:17,060 --> 00:41:20,140
2383
+ ุจูŠู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุด ู‡ู…ู‡
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:41:20,140 --> 00:41:24,660
2387
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:41:24,660 --> 00:41:27,660
2391
+ ุบูŠุฑ ูุนุงู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฌู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆู„ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:41:27,660 --> 00:41:34,200
2395
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุงู†ุฌุงุฒุจุชู„ู ุญูˆู„ุงู†ู‡ ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจุช
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:37,540
2399
+ .. ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจุช .. ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:41:37,540 --> 00:41:42,280
2403
+ proteins ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ IGA ู‡ุชูƒุณุฑ ุจููƒููƒ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:41:42,280 --> 00:41:48,450
2407
+ ุงู„ IG ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุณู„ุงุญ ุถุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุถุฏ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:41:48,450 --> 00:41:54,470
2411
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏูุงุนุงุช specific ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ IGA ุงู„ IGA ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:41:54,470 --> 00:41:58,250
2415
+ ุงู„ secretary antibody ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:41:58,250 --> 00:42:01,730
2419
+ ุงู„ mucous membranes ูƒ first line of specific
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:42:01,730 --> 00:42:07,490
2423
+ defenseุงู„ู†ูŠู…ูˆ ู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุงูˆ ู†ูŠู…ูˆ ู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุงูˆ ุจูŠุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุจู…ูŠู†
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:42:07,490 --> 00:42:12,830
2427
+ ุจุณุชุฑูŠุจุชูˆ ู„ูŠุณูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ oxygen ู„ุจูŠู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† beta
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:42:12,830 --> 00:42:17,770
2431
+ hemolytic ู‡ุฐุง alpha hemolytic ู„ูƒู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:42:17,770 --> 00:42:22,910
2435
+ ุจูŠุชุญุณุณูŠู† ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุฎููŠู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:42:22,910 --> 00:42:28,910
2439
+ oxygen ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ autolysin ุฃู…ุฑ ู‚ุณู…ุชู‡
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:42:30,530 --> 00:42:35,310
2443
+ ุจูŠุชุถุญูŠุงุช ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ู…ู„ ุจูŠุถุญูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:42:35,310 --> 00:42:39,870
2447
+ ุจูŠุถุญูˆุง ุจุญุงู„ู‡ู… ุนุดุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุนูŠุด ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:42:39,870 --> 00:42:43,750
2451
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุถุญูŠุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:47,810
2455
+ ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ..ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุญูƒูŠูƒูˆุง ุฌุฒุก ุนู† ุงู„ู†ู…ู„
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:42:47,810 --> 00:42:51,850
2459
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฑุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ูŠุฌู„ุท ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุงุฆูŠ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:42:51,850 --> 00:42:55,590
2463
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุงู…ุงูƒู† ..
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:42:55,590 --> 00:43:00,190
2467
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ู…ุงุฆูŠ ูุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู…ู„ ุจุชู…ุณูƒ
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:43:00,190 --> 00:43:03,770
2471
+ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุชุฒูˆุฌู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ูุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:43:03,770 --> 00:43:09,370
2475
+ ู…ุด ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ุชู†ุชูุฎุชู†ุชูุฎ ุชุตูŠุฑ floatingุŒ ุจุชู…ูˆุชุŒ
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:43:09,370 --> 00:43:12,630
2479
+ ุชุจุชุฏูŠ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุชุจุชุฏูŠ ุชู…ุณูƒ ุจุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑู
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:43:12,630 --> 00:43:16,350
2483
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุชุช ูˆ ุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:43:16,350 --> 00:43:20,470
2487
+ ุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุชุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู†
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:43:20,470 --> 00:43:25,570
2491
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุŒ ุงู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุญู‰ ุจู†ูุณู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:43:25,570 --> 00:43:30,910
2495
+ ูŠู…ุดูŠ ููˆู‚ูŠู‡ุŒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู†ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงุณู…
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:43:30,910 --> 00:43:33,750
2499
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ุช ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‚ุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงูŠู‡
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:43:33,750 --> 00:43:37,350
2503
+ ุฎู„ูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ single ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:43:37,350 --> 00:43:41,310
2507
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู… a bacterium ูู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:43:41,310 --> 00:43:45,510
2511
+ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู…ุงู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:43:45,510 --> 00:43:53,170
2515
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฒุฑ ุชูุฌูŠุฑ ุงุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏูŠุงุฌู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุนุฑุช
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:43:53,170 --> 00:43:57,780
2519
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุชู‡ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ stop ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ูŠุงู„ุงู†
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:43:57,780 --> 00:44:03,440
2523
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ Antibiotics
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:44:03,440 --> 00:44:06,540
2527
+ ุงู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ุชุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชุญู„ู„
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:44:06,540 --> 00:44:11,800
2531
+ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ autolysine ุจุชุนู…ู„ release ู„ู„ toxins ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:44:11,800 --> 00:44:15,740
2535
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠู†ุดุบู„ ููŠ
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:44:15,740 --> 00:44:21,020
2539
+ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุงู„ููˆุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู‚ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุฉ ุจูŠู†ุดุบู„
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:44:21,020 --> 00:44:24,040
2543
+ ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูุงู„ autolysine ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:44:24,040 --> 00:44:28,780
2547
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉูŠุนุชุจุฑ virulence fact ู„ูƒู† ุฎุฏูˆุง
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:44:28,780 --> 00:44:34,580
2551
+ ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:44:34,580 --> 00:44:37,880
2555
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุชุณุจุจ ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆ ุจุชุณุจุจ
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:44:37,880 --> 00:44:42,380
2559
+ meningitis ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ blood cultureุŸ ุงู„ blood
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:44:42,380 --> 00:44:45,800
2563
+ culture ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฏู… ูˆ ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ blood ููŠ
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:44:45,800 --> 00:44:50,880
2567
+ ุงู„ุจุทู„ูˆุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุนุงูŠุด ุจู†ุดูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุน ุงู„ turbidity
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:44:50,880 --> 00:44:55,040
2571
+ ู‡ู„ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนูƒุงุฑุฉ ู…ุคุดุฑ
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:44:55,040 --> 00:44:59,620
2575
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุทุจ
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:44:59,620 --> 00:45:01,880
2579
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ striped coccus pneumonia ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:10,080
2583
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุชู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูŠุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:45:10,080 --> 00:45:14,280
2587
+ ุงู„ culture media ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู‡ุง clear ู…ุด
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:19,920
2591
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ negativeูˆุนุดุงู† ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:45:19,920 --> 00:45:23,160
2595
+ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง automated systems ู„ู„ blood culture
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:29,640
2599
+ automated systems ู…ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ automatedุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:45:29,640 --> 00:45:33,100
2603
+ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ุด ููŠ ุงู„ detection ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ุง positive
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:45:33,100 --> 00:45:36,720
2607
+ ูˆู„ุง negative ุณูˆุงุก ูƒู†ุช ุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู… ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:45:36,720 --> 00:45:39,800
2611
+ ุงุดุงุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ culture ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ู‰
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:45:39,800 --> 00:45:44,390
2615
+ ูƒุงู†ุช positiveูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:45:44,390 --> 00:45:50,670
2619
+ ุฏูŠ fragile ู‡ุดุฉ ุณู‡ู„ ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุญู„ู„ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุงูƒู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:45:50,670 --> 00:45:56,750
2623
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูุญุต ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุงุณู…ู‡ Bile Solubility
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:45:56,750 --> 00:45:58,950
2627
+ Test
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:46:00,430 --> 00:46:03,090
2631
+ ุจู…ุถุงู„ุจ ุงู† ุงุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ ุจุงูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:46:03,090 --> 00:46:06,030
2635
+ surface active agent ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฐุงุจุช ุชุฎุชูุช
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:46:06,030 --> 00:46:10,190
2639
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ุจุนุฏ ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงูˆ ุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู†
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:46:10,190 --> 00:46:13,430
2643
+ ูˆุถุน ู‚ุทู„ุฉ ุจุงูŠู„ ู‡ุชุฎุชููŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุงู†ู‡
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:46:13,430 --> 00:46:19,790
2647
+ ุตุงุฑุด ุชุชุตุฑููŠู‡ุง ุงูˆุทูˆู„ุงูŠุณูŠ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ culture
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:46:19,790 --> 00:46:22,110
2651
+ media ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุงุฌุงุฑ ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ุง
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:46:22,110 --> 00:46:27,910
2655
+ CO2 ูˆุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฎุชู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ูˆ
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:46:27,910 --> 00:46:28,990
2659
+ ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุงูˆุตูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:46:31,980 --> 00:46:36,420
2663
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ุงุณุชูŠุฑุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุฐูƒุฑุช ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:46:36,420 --> 00:46:39,480
2667
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฏุงูŠุชุณ ุชูŠูƒู…ู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง hemophilus influenza
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:44,360
2671
+ hemophilus ูˆ
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:47,800
2675
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงุณุชูŠุฑุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:46:47,800 --> 00:46:54,500
2679
+ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:46:54,500 --> 00:46:58,260
2683
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฑุฏุงูŠุชุณ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:46:58,260 --> 00:47:03,850
2687
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู…the most important cause of meningitis ูƒู„ู‡ู…
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:47:03,850 --> 00:47:09,790
2691
+ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒูˆุง ุจุตูุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจุตูุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:47:09,790 --> 00:47:14,030
2695
+ encapsulated ุฃู‡ู…ู‡ุง
2696
+
2697
+ 675
2698
+ 00:47:14,030 --> 00:47:15,410
2699
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง encapsulated
2700
+
2701
+ 676
2702
+ 00:47:19,720 --> 00:47:23,800
2703
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hemophilus influenza ุจุฏู‡ุง chocolate
2704
+
2705
+ 677
2706
+ 00:47:23,800 --> 00:47:26,980
2707
+ agar ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ุงู„ chocolate agarุŸ ุงู„ pneumonia ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ
2708
+
2709
+ 678
2710
+ 00:47:26,980 --> 00:47:29,920
2711
+ ุนู„ู‰ blood agar ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ meningitis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ
2712
+
2713
+ 679
2714
+ 00:47:29,920 --> 00:47:37,080
2715
+ ุนู„ู‰ blood agar ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ CO2 ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2716
+
2717
+ 680
2718
+ 00:47:37,080 --> 00:47:42,900
2719
+ ุจูŠุณุจุจูˆุง meningitis ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
2720
+
2721
+ 681
2722
+ 00:47:42,900 --> 00:47:46,260
2723
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠู‡ ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
2724
+
2725
+ 682
2726
+ 00:47:46,260 --> 00:47:51,350
2727
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ุงุฏูŠุนุดุช ุฒุฑุงุนู‡ู… ุฃุฒุฑุน ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุฒุฑุน
2728
+
2729
+ 683
2730
+ 00:47:51,350 --> 00:47:55,230
2731
+ ุฌุฒุก ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฌุฒุก ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2732
+
2733
+ 684
2734
+ 00:47:55,230 --> 00:47:59,890
2735
+ ุฃุญุท ู„ู‡ู… ุทุจู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุญุท ู„ู‡ู… ุทุจู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุญุท ู„ู‡ู… one
2736
+
2737
+ 685
2738
+ 00:47:59,890 --> 00:48:02,130
2739
+ plate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ
2740
+
2741
+ 686
2742
+ 00:48:02,130 --> 00:48:05,010
2743
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูุจุญุท ู„ู‡ู…
2744
+
2745
+ 687
2746
+ 00:48:05,010 --> 00:48:08,810
2747
+ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุญุท ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ under ู…ูŠู†ุŸ under
2748
+
2749
+ 688
2750
+ 00:48:08,810 --> 00:48:14,970
2751
+ COุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู€ CO2 ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ุชุดูƒูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุญุทู†ุงู‡ู…
2752
+
2753
+ 689
2754
+ 00:48:14,970 --> 00:48:18,110
2755
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุบุทูŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูู„ุณุฉ ุงู„
2756
+
2757
+ 690
2758
+ 00:48:18,110 --> 00:48:22,010
2759
+ influenza ูˆ ุงู„ pneumonia ูˆ ุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
2760
+
2761
+ 691
2762
+ 00:48:22,010 --> 00:48:23,090
2763
+ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจู†ูˆุง
2764
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/WKKMQl3l3ek.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2026 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,810 --> 00:00:25,390
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู€
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,390 --> 00:00:27,930
7
+ spiral organism ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ *Leptospira*
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,930 --> 00:00:31,870
11
+ *interrogans* ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู…
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,870 --> 00:00:39,050
15
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† very tight and narrow curves ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:39,050 --> 00:00:42,330
19
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจู‡ ุงู„ู€ *Leptospira* ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,330 --> 00:00:44,430
23
+ hooked ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:44,430 --> 00:00:47,190
27
+ differentiation ุจูŠู† *Leptospira* ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:47,190 --> 00:00:49,190
31
+ *Treponema Pallidum*
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:51,500 --> 00:00:54,340
35
+ ุฃู‡ุŒ ูู…ุง ุฃุนุฑูุด ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซู‚ูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:54,340 --> 00:00:59,560
39
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:02,760
43
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู†ูู„ุชุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ mainly poor membrane filter
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:06,440
47
+ ุงู„ู€ membrane filter ุงู„ู€ poor size ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,440 --> 00:01:09,140
51
+ point two micronุŒ point two micron ู„ู† ุชุณู…ุญ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:09,140 --> 00:01:13,240
55
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุนุจุฑู‡ุง ูุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:19,940
59
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ long very long size ู„ูƒู† at the
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,940 --> 00:01:24,020
63
+ same time it is very thin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฑููŠุน ุฌุฏุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,020 --> 00:01:26,060
67
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูŠุจูˆู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:27,030 --> 00:01:31,430
71
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ *Leptospira* ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠุด ู†ุตุจุบู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:31,430 --> 00:01:33,870
75
+ ุฌูŠุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€ dark fieldุŒ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,870 --> 00:01:37,790
79
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจูŠุง ุงู„ู€ causative agent ู„ู„ู€ *Leptospirosis*
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,790 --> 00:01:41,390
83
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† zoonotic diseaseุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,390 --> 00:01:46,840
87
+ zoonotic diseases ุชุญุชู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:46,840 --> 00:01:53,060
91
+ ูƒุจุดุฑ ูˆู…ุง .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุชุญุชู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุฉ ุฃู‡ู…
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:53,060 --> 00:01:57,220
95
+ ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู…ุฏู† ูˆุงู„ุชุญุถุฑ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:57,220 --> 00:02:00,760
99
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุจุชุนุงุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุดูƒู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,760 --> 00:02:05,700
103
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ู… ู†ู†ุฌุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูุตุงู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูˆู‚ุฏ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:05,700 --> 00:02:09,020
107
+ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู†ุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:09,020 --> 00:02:16,040
111
+ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู€ pets ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฒูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุจุจุบุงุกุŒ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:16,040 --> 00:02:19,900
115
+ ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู‚ูุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู„ู„ุฒูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุจุนุถ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:19,900 --> 00:02:24,440
119
+ ุจูŠุญุท ุงู„ู€ guinea pigsุŒ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูŠุฑุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ูุฑุงุฎ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:24,440 --> 00:02:31,000
123
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฌุงุฌ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุทุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุณูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:35,040
127
+ ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฒุฏูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูƒุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู†ุญุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุงุช
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:39,460
131
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุฌูŠุฑุงู† ู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:39,460 --> 00:02:43,600
135
+ ุงู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ ูˆู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฌู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ ู…ุน
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:43,600 --> 00:02:46,700
139
+ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุท ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุทุท ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ูˆุจุนุถ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:51,340
143
+ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุถุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:51,340 --> 00:02:55,720
147
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฌุฑุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒุงุช
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:55,720 --> 00:03:02,490
151
+ ุจุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:02,490 --> 00:03:06,090
155
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:06,090 --> 00:03:10,350
159
+ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูƒุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช wholeุŒ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุตุฏุฑ ู…ู‡ู…
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:10,350 --> 00:03:15,160
163
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูƒุบุฐุงุกุŒ ุงุญู†ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:20,380
167
+ ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠ ุฏูˆุงุฌู† ูˆุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠ ู„ุญูˆู…ุŒ ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ ูˆู…ุงุนุฒ ูˆู…ุดุชู‚ุงุชู‡ุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:20,380 --> 00:03:25,680
171
+ ู…ู† ุฃู„ุจุงู† ูˆุญู„ูŠุจ ูˆุฎู„ุงูู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:25,680 --> 00:03:28,940
175
+ ุงู„ู€ Zoonotic Diseases ู…ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูƒู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:28,940 --> 00:03:32,240
179
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุญุฑู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 60% ู…ู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:38,480
183
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ูุตุงุญุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒู†ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:44,110
187
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Habitat ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:44,110 --> 00:03:46,770
191
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุนูŠุดุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ *Leptospira*ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:46,770 --> 00:03:50,550
195
+ domestic livestock ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ pets ุงู„ู„ูŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:50,550 --> 00:03:53,090
199
+ ุจุชุฌูˆู‘ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ mode of
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:53,090 --> 00:03:56,630
203
+ transmissionุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู€ direct contact ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ urine
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:56,630 --> 00:04:00,190
207
+ of infected animalsุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชูˆุงุตู„ ุฃูˆ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:00,190 --> 00:04:03,930
211
+ ูŠุชุตู„ ุฃูˆ ูŠุญุชูƒ ุจุงู„ู€ urine ุชุจุน infected animalุŒ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:03,930 --> 00:04:07,930
215
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุฎุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:07,930 --> 00:04:12,860
219
+ ุจุฑูƒ ุงู„ุณุจุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:12,860 --> 00:04:15,300
223
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:15,300 --> 00:04:18,860
227
+ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏ ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:18,860 --> 00:04:23,300
231
+ ุจุชุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆุกุŒ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ..
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:23,300 --> 00:04:25,820
235
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุจุฑูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:25,820 --> 00:04:28,800
239
+ ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฌุฑุฏุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู„
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:32,240
243
+ ู„ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชุจูˆู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ..
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:35,900
247
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงูุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุชุจูˆู„ ููŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:35,900 --> 00:04:40,950
251
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ุฃูู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุฃุฌู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ู…ุณ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:40,950 --> 00:04:46,210
255
+ ุฃุทุฑุงู ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ urine ูˆุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุฉ ูุฃุฎุฏ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:46,210 --> 00:04:51,540
259
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุชุจุน ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุงุญุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ู…ู†ูƒู… ูˆู…ู†ูƒู… ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:51,540 --> 00:04:55,160
263
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุณุจุงุญุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุจุชู„ุน ุจุนุถุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุณูˆุงุก ู…ู† ู…ูŠุงู‡
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:55,160 --> 00:04:58,400
267
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุญุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงุจุชู„ุงุน ู„ู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูู‡ูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:58,400 --> 00:05:04,160
271
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎุงุฒู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:04,160 --> 00:05:08,920
275
+ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฌุฑุฏุงู† ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:13,500
279
+ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑ ุบุฒูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ system
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:14,240 --> 00:05:18,800
283
+ ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงููŠ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ูŠู…ุฑุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ุŒ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ููŠุถุงู† ู„ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:23,760
287
+ ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:23,760 --> 00:05:27,060
291
+ urine ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู†ุŒ ุฅุฐู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒุŒ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:27,060 --> 00:05:31,500
295
+ water and soil currently or recently contaminated
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:31,500 --> 00:05:35,900
299
+ with infected urineุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:35,900 --> 00:05:41,260
303
+ ุชุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ู…ูู„ูˆู‘ุซุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ urine ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:41,260 --> 00:05:47,000
307
+ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ the organism enters the body through ุฃูŠุถุง
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:54,860
311
+ skin lesionsุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฎุฏูˆุด ุฃูˆ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุจุจ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:54,860 --> 00:05:58,860
315
+ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ microorganismุŒ conjunctival mucous
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:58,860 --> 00:06:01,440
319
+ membraneุŒ ูˆุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุตุจุน ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:05,380
323
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ ingestionุŒ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุทุนุงู… ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ูุญุชูˆู ุฃูˆ ู…ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:05,380 --> 00:06:10,320
327
+ ู…ูุญุชูˆู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ microorganismุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ high risksุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:14,240
331
+ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ *Leptospira*ุŒ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:17,800
335
+ farmersุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู†ุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู€ farmersุŒ ู„ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:23,160
339
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู† ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„ู†ุจุงุชุงุช ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุจุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:26,800
343
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ sewer workersุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:26,800 --> 00:06:30,060
347
+ ุจูŠู†ุธููˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุณู„ู‘ูƒูˆู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃุนู…ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:30,060 --> 00:06:35,660
351
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุตูŠุงู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ุฏูŠุฒูŠุฒุŒ *Leptospirosis*ุŒ ุงู„ู€
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:35,660 --> 00:06:39,960
355
+ incubation period ู…ู† ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู„ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:44,340
359
+ infectionุŒ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู€
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:44,340 --> 00:06:48,000
363
+ organism can reach to many organs such as liver ูˆ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:50,760
367
+ spleen ูˆ kidney ูˆ ุงู„ู€ meninges ูˆ ุงู„ู€ conjunctiva ูˆ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:50,760 --> 00:06:53,960
371
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ multiplication ูˆ inflammation ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:55,600 --> 00:06:59,760
375
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ clinical featuresุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ disease ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูƒู€
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:04,180
379
+ influenza-like ูŠุนู†ูŠ symptomsุŒ ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:04,180 --> 00:07:08,960
383
+ influenzaุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง hepatitis and meningitis
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:13,640
387
+ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ hepatitisุŒ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุดุงุนุฑ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:20,380
391
+ ุจูƒู„ู…ุฉ hepatitis B ูˆ hepatitis CุŒ ูุงู„ุจุนุถ ุฎู„ุงุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:20,380 --> 00:07:23,460
395
+ ุฎุตุต ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู€ hepatitis ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† viralุŒ ู„ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:23,460 --> 00:07:26,300
399
+ hepatitis condition that can be caused by several
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:26,300 --> 00:07:31,820
403
+ of organismsุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุซุฑู‡ุง ุดู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ virus ุงู„ู€ B
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:31,820 --> 00:07:35,920
407
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆ ุงู„ู€ E ูˆ ุงู„ู€ G ูˆ ุงู„ู€ DุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:37,520
411
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ hepatitis viruses
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:40,230 --> 00:07:43,710
415
+ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† condition ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Weilโ€™s diseaseุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:43,710 --> 00:07:47,010
419
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† severe leptospirosisุŒ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ severe
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:47,010 --> 00:07:52,570
423
+ headache ูˆ pain ููŠ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑุŒ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:52,570 --> 00:07:58,040
427
+ prostration and jaundiceุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ jaundice ูˆูŠูƒูˆู†
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:58,040 --> 00:08:02,200
431
+ ููŠู‡ hemorrhage ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ renal failure
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:02,200 --> 00:08:06,100
435
+ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู€ clinical features ุฃูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ูƒู€ influenza
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:06,100 --> 00:08:10,720
439
+ -likeุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Weilโ€™s disease ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:10,720 --> 00:08:13,100
443
+ severe headache ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ pain in the back ูˆ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:13,100 --> 00:08:16,140
447
+ prostrationุŒ jaundiceุŒ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:16,140 --> 00:08:21,880
451
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ renal failureุŒ ุชูุถู„ ูŠุง ุนู…ุฑูˆุŒ habitat
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:23,840 --> 00:08:30,180
455
+ ู‡ูŠุจุชุงูŠุชุณุŒ ุขู‡ุŒ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนุŒ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ู…ู† ุฌุณู…ู‡ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:30,180 --> 00:08:37,060
459
+ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ bacterial infection ุจุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:37,060 --> 00:08:39,480
463
+ viral infectionุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ู€ bacterial infectionุŒ ุงู„ู€
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:42,320
467
+ viral infection ุจุชูƒูˆู† self-limitedุŒ self-limitedุŒ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:47,140
471
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ system ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ replication ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุถูŽุนูู ูˆุงู„ู€
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:50,060
475
+ ุงู„ู€ immune system ุชุจุนู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏูุฑ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:50,060 --> 00:08:54,400
479
+ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:58,480
483
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Hepatitis B ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ CุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุธู… ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:02,260
487
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุธู… ุจุชู… ุงู„ุดูุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:02,260 --> 00:09:07,180
491
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุฃุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุดูุงุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ aidุŒ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:07,180 --> 00:09:12,450
495
+ ุจุฏู‡ antibioticsุŒ ุงู„ู€ lab diagnosisุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:12,450 --> 00:09:17,330
499
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆ thin ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุนุจ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:17,330 --> 00:09:20,250
503
+ ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุตุจุงุบุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูุถู„ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:20,250 --> 00:09:24,130
507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ dark field microscopy ู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:24,130 --> 00:09:28,930
511
+ ุงู„ู€ CSFุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุตู„ ุงู„ู€ blood ูˆุจุชู†ุฒุฑุน ููŠ many
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:28,930 --> 00:09:32,570
515
+ organsุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ meningitis
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:32,570 --> 00:09:37,220
519
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุงุช CSFุŒ ุดูุชูˆุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:37,220 --> 00:09:39,960
523
+ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ dark field microscope
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:43,320
527
+ ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:48,940
531
+ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุŒ very long, hookedุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ curves ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง small
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:48,940 --> 00:09:52,810
535
+ ูˆ tightุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ serial diagnosis ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:52,810 --> 00:09:56,390
539
+ Antibody DetectionุŒ *Leptospira* can be cultured in
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:56,390 --> 00:10:01,750
543
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูุธ ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:01,750 --> 00:10:08,160
547
+ ู‡ูˆ *Ellingson-McLowe-Johnson-Harris Medium*ุŒ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:08,160 --> 00:10:12,460
551
+ EMJHุŒ which is incubated at twenty-eightุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:12,460 --> 00:10:14,680
555
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนููˆุง twenty-eight to thirty degrees
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:17,780
559
+ centigradeุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ temperature ุนู…ุฑู†ุง ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู€
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:17,780 --> 00:10:20,960
563
+ ุฃูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ incubation ู„ุฃูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:20,960 --> 00:10:23,920
567
+ ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† twenty-eight to thirty degrees centigrade
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:27,920
571
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ temperature ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:33,830
575
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู€ positivity ููŠ ุงู„ู€ culture
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:33,830 --> 00:10:38,710
579
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:38,710 --> 00:10:43,030
583
+ ูŠูู„ุฒู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ culture ุจุชุณุชู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉุŒ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:43,030 --> 00:10:46,990
587
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… positive ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ disease ูุชุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ู€
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:46,990 --> 00:10:50,530
591
+ diseaseุŒ ูุชุฑุชู‡ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู‚ุจู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:50,530 --> 00:10:53,970
595
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชุทู„ุน negative ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชุทู„ุน negativeุŒ ู…ุด
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:53,970 --> 00:10:56,350
599
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ .. ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู€ incubation period ุฃูˆ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:56,350 --> 00:11:01,370
603
+ ุงู„ู€ incubation ู„ู„ู€ culture ู‡ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:01,370 --> 00:11:07,920
607
+ ู„ุฃู…ุชู‰ ุจูŠุทู„ุน positive ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŸ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆู„ูŠุณ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:07,920 --> 00:11:11,640
611
+ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:11,640 --> 00:11:15,000
615
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ treatment and prevention
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:21,790
619
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ู„ู€ *Leptospira* ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ penicillinุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:21,790 --> 00:11:25,710
623
+ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ diseaseุŒ ูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:25,710 --> 00:11:28,670
627
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ immunizationุŒ ู†ุนู…ู„ immunization ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู€
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:28,670 --> 00:11:32,490
631
+ animalsุŒ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ู… proper treatment and disposal of
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:32,490 --> 00:11:36,550
635
+ contaminated waterุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุจูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ proper
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:36,550 --> 00:11:40,470
639
+ waste water disposal ุฃูˆ treatment and disposal
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:40,470 --> 00:11:46,150
643
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู€ sewage system ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ sewage
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:46,150 --> 00:11:52,760
647
+ waterุŒ sewage waste waterุŒ ู…ุง ุชุชุนุงู„ุฌ ูˆุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:52,760 --> 00:11:57,800
651
+ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุจุณูˆุด PPEุŒ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:01,460
655
+ ุงู„ู€ PPEุŒ ุงู„ู€ personal protective equipmentุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:01,460 --> 00:12:04,260
659
+ ุงุญู†ุงุŒ ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ entrance ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุŒ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:04,260 --> 00:12:07,340
663
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎุฏูˆุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏุŒ ุนุจุฑ ุชู†ุงูˆู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:07,340 --> 00:12:12,920
667
+ ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆู‘ุซุฉุŒ ูุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:12,920 --> 00:12:17,140
671
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ preventionุŒ proper waste water treatment
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:19,190 --> 00:12:22,750
675
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ููŠ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ spiral organism ู‡ูˆ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:22,750 --> 00:12:27,070
679
+ ุงู„ู€ *Borrelia Recurrentis*ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง *Recurrentis*ุŒ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:27,070 --> 00:12:31,950
683
+ recurrent ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุญุฏุซ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:31,950 --> 00:12:37,050
687
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุฌุนุŒ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจูŠุดูู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:37,050 --> 00:12:41,490
691
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูŠุฒุฉ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:41,490 --> 00:12:48,010
695
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุตุงุฑุฎ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:48,010 --> 00:12:52,290
699
+ ุนู„ู‰ antigenic variation ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ infection
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:52,290 --> 00:12:56
703
+
704
+ 223
705
+ 00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:11,840
706
+ ุงู„ู‚ู…ู„ุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุขุฎ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠู† ูƒู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„...ุงู„
707
+
708
+ 224
709
+ 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:15,020
710
+ hygiene ุชุจุนู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ personal hygiene ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู…...
711
+
712
+ 225
713
+ 00:16:15,020 --> 00:16:20,040
714
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู‚ู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจุŒ
715
+
716
+ 226
717
+ 00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:23,980
718
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ...ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
719
+
720
+ 227
721
+ 00:16:23,980 --> 00:16:28,680
722
+ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุญู…ุงู… ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡...
723
+
724
+ 228
725
+ 00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:31,360
726
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ุตุนุจุฉ ุตุญูŠุงู‹ุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุดุฑู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ู…ู„ุŒ
727
+
728
+ 229
729
+ 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:33,720
730
+ ูุถู„ุงู‹ ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŸ
731
+
732
+ 230
733
+ 00:16:36,250 --> 00:16:39,810
734
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„... ุงู„... ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฌูˆู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ูˆ
735
+
736
+ 231
737
+ 00:16:39,810 --> 00:16:43,290
738
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉุŒ ุงุญู†ุง
739
+
740
+ 232
741
+ 00:16:43,290 --> 00:16:45,890
742
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒู…ุงู†ู†ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ DDTุŒ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
743
+
744
+ 233
745
+ 00:16:45,890 --> 00:16:50,270
746
+ ูŠุฑุดูˆู†ุง ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณุŒ ูˆุงู†ุง ูˆุฃู†ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ... ู†ุนู… ูƒู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน
747
+
748
+ 234
749
+ 00:16:50,270 --> 00:16:52,630
750
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู... ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุตู ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุตู ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
751
+
752
+ 235
753
+ 00:16:52,630 --> 00:16:57,190
754
+ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ DDTุŒ ุจุงู„ุนููˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
755
+
756
+ 236
757
+ 00:16:57,190 --> 00:17:00,730
758
+ ููƒู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ูุตู„ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุทุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทุญู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚
759
+
760
+ 237
761
+ 00:17:00,730 --> 00:17:05,840
762
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† effective ููŠ ุงู„ู€ control ู„ู„ู‚ู…ู„ุŒ ู„ู„ุฃุณู
763
+
764
+ 238
765
+ 00:17:05,840 --> 00:17:10,660
766
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ very toxic ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
767
+
768
+ 239
769
+ 00:17:10,660 --> 00:17:16,880
770
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ DDTุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช
771
+
772
+ 240
773
+ 00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:20,560
774
+ ุงู„ู…ู…ู†ูˆุนุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ
775
+
776
+ 241
777
+ 00:17:20,560 --> 00:17:27,040
778
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ู„ุง ุฏูŠ ุฑุงุฌุนู„ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฎุฏูˆุดุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
779
+
780
+ 242
781
+ 00:17:27,040 --> 00:17:32,730
782
+ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ very toxicุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญ
783
+
784
+ 243
785
+ 00:17:32,730 --> 00:17:35,990
786
+ toxic ู„ู„... ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆ ุฎุฏูˆุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู‚ุฏ
787
+
788
+ 244
789
+ 00:17:35,990 --> 00:17:39,830
790
+ ุชู‚ุชู„ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุฃู† ููŠ practice ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
791
+
792
+ 245
793
+ 00:17:39,830 --> 00:17:43,270
794
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ู‚ุทุนุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุดุบู„ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ
795
+
796
+ 246
797
+ 00:17:43,270 --> 00:17:48,670
798
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุถุงูŠู‚ุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุจุฏูŠู„ุŒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุฑุงุณูŠุง ู…ู†
799
+
800
+ 247
801
+ 00:17:48,670 --> 00:17:52,570
802
+ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ู‡ูŠุŒ ุขู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณุงู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ู„ุญุดุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุณุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฌูˆู†ุง ticks ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
803
+
804
+ 248
805
+ 00:17:52,570 --> 00:17:56,630
806
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู…ู„ุŒ ูˆู…ู† infected rodents to humanุŒ ูˆู…ู†
807
+
808
+ 249
809
+ 00:17:56,630 --> 00:18:01,290
810
+ infected human to humanุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
811
+
812
+ 250
813
+ 00:18:01,290 --> 00:18:03,770
814
+ ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŒ ุงู„
815
+
816
+ 251
817
+ 00:18:03,770 --> 00:18:10,250
818
+ clinical feature ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง non
819
+
820
+ 252
821
+ 00:18:10,250 --> 00:18:14,950
822
+ periodic rash at bite siteุŒ ุญูŠุซู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุถุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
823
+
824
+ 253
825
+ 00:18:14,950 --> 00:18:18,310
826
+ ููŠ ุทูุญ ุฌู„ุฏูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ุตุฏูŠุฏูŠุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด
827
+
828
+ 254
829
+ 00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:23,470
830
+ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุณูˆุงุฆู„ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ fever ูˆุงุฑุชุนุงุด ุฃูˆ ุฑุนุดุฉ
831
+
832
+ 255
833
+ 00:18:23,470 --> 00:18:29,440
834
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„
835
+
836
+ 256
837
+ 00:18:29,440 --> 00:18:36,000
838
+ headache ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุฏุงุนุŒ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆุชู…ุชุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
839
+
840
+ 257
841
+ 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:42,800
842
+ ุดู‡ุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู†
843
+
844
+ 258
845
+ 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:50,440
846
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุชู…ุชุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุดู‡ุฑุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
847
+
848
+ 259
849
+ 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:56,910
850
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุดู‡ูˆุฑุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ
851
+
852
+ 260
853
+ 00:18:56,910 --> 00:19:02,630
854
+ ุจุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจุŒ ูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ููŠ
855
+
856
+ 261
857
+ 00:19:02,630 --> 00:19:10,380
858
+ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ bacterial infection ู‡ูˆ prominent arthritis
859
+
860
+ 262
861
+ 00:19:10,380 --> 00:19:13,900
862
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฑุซุฑุงูŠุชุณ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ antigen antibody
863
+
864
+ 263
865
+ 00:19:13,900 --> 00:19:17,940
866
+ bindingุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุจูˆุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„
867
+
868
+ 264
869
+ 00:19:17,940 --> 00:19:21,120
870
+ deposition ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ kneesุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฃูˆ
871
+
872
+ 265
873
+ 00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:27,040
874
+ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง arthritis
875
+
876
+ 266
877
+ 00:19:27,040 --> 00:19:31,700
878
+ prominent arthritisุŒ ุงู„ู€ lab diagnosis ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจูŠุชู…
879
+
880
+ 267
881
+ 00:19:31,700 --> 00:19:36,420
882
+ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ Giemsa stainุŒ ุจู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฏู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง Giemsa
883
+
884
+ 268
885
+ 00:19:36,420 --> 00:19:39,900
886
+ stainุŒ ูˆุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู„ูƒู… ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„
887
+
888
+ 269
889
+ 00:19:39,900 --> 00:19:43,220
890
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ detection ู„ู„ู€ IgMุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ IgM ูƒู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ
891
+
892
+ 270
893
+ 00:19:43,220 --> 00:19:46,360
894
+ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุŒ ู…ุนุจุฑ ุนู† recent infectionุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง IgG
895
+
896
+ 271
897
+ 00:19:46,360 --> 00:19:51,440
898
+ ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ rise antibody titerุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„
899
+
900
+ 272
901
+ 00:19:51,440 --> 00:19:55,960
902
+ acute stage ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ convalescent stageุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง
903
+
904
+ 273
905
+ 00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:59,220
906
+ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ antigen ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุญู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ acute ูˆ
907
+
908
+ 274
909
+ 00:19:59,220 --> 00:20:03,000
910
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ convalescentุŒ ุทุจ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุฃู„ุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุทุจ ูˆุฅูŠุด
911
+
912
+ 275
913
+ 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,400
914
+ ุงุณุชูุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŸ ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงุณุชูุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ุด
915
+
916
+ 276
917
+ 00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:09,060
918
+ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ convalescentุŸ ุงู„
919
+
920
+ 277
921
+ 00:20:09,060 --> 00:20:10,960
922
+ convalescent ุจู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŒ ุชุญูƒูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุดูููŠ ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ุŒ
923
+
924
+ 278
925
+ 00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:13,820
926
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุดูููŠุŒ ูู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุนู…ู„ diagnosis
927
+
928
+ 279
929
+ 00:20:13,820 --> 00:20:18,780
930
+ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุดูููŠุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุงุฆุฏุฉุŒ ุดูŠุก ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
931
+
932
+ 280
933
+ 00:20:18,780 --> 00:20:23,180
934
+ ุญุงุณู…ุŒ Epidemiological InvestigationุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
935
+
936
+ 281
937
+ 00:20:23,180 --> 00:20:28,820
938
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุด records
939
+
940
+ 282
941
+ 00:20:28,820 --> 00:20:32,120
942
+ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุด records ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŸ
943
+
944
+ 283
945
+ 00:20:32,120 --> 00:20:34,860
946
+ ู„ุณุจุจูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bad recordsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
947
+
948
+ 284
949
+ 00:20:34,860 --> 00:20:38,420
950
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุณุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ ุณูŠุก ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
951
+
952
+ 285
953
+ 00:20:38,420 --> 00:20:42,380
954
+ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ุฆุฉ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„
955
+
956
+ 286
957
+ 00:20:42,380 --> 00:20:46,540
958
+ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุฆุฉ ุณุฌู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
959
+
960
+ 287
961
+ 00:20:46,540 --> 00:20:51,090
962
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ medical recordsุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ medical
963
+
964
+ 288
965
+ 00:20:51,090 --> 00:20:53,730
966
+ recordsุŒ ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู€ medical recordsุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
967
+
968
+ 289
969
+ 00:20:53,730 --> 00:20:56,410
970
+ ุงู„ู€ diagnosisุŒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ correct diagnosisุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
971
+
972
+ 290
973
+ 00:21:00,030 --> 00:21:04,550
974
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฌุงู†ุง ุจู€ feverุŒ ูˆุนุงู„ุฌู†ุงู‡ ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ
975
+
976
+ 291
977
+ 00:21:04,550 --> 00:21:09,190
978
+ fever disease ู‡ูˆุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุนุฑุถุŸ ุนุฑุถุŒ ูˆุจูŠุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…
979
+
980
+ 292
981
+ 00:21:09,190 --> 00:21:13,110
982
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุฑุถ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ feverุŒ ูˆุฃุนุทูŠู†ุงู‡
983
+
984
+ 293
985
+ 00:21:13,110 --> 00:21:17,150
986
+ antibioticุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุงุด ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงู‹ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุญุท ููŠ
987
+
988
+ 294
989
+ 00:21:17,150 --> 00:21:20,190
990
+ ุงู„ุณุฌู„ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู€ diagnosisุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„
991
+
992
+ 295
993
+ 00:21:20,190 --> 00:21:24,290
994
+ ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ disease ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงู„ุฌุชู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุฅูŠุด
995
+
996
+ 296
997
+ 00:21:24,290 --> 00:21:31,080
998
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุŒ ู…ุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ูˆุด ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู„ุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฎุณุฑุช ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูˆ
999
+
1000
+ 297
1001
+ 00:21:31,080 --> 00:21:34,280
1002
+ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูƒุงู†...ูƒุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุทูŠุท
1003
+
1004
+ 298
1005
+ 00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:38,260
1006
+ ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงูุชุฑุถู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1007
+
1008
+ 299
1009
+ 00:21:38,260 --> 00:21:41,680
1010
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ diagnosis ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ
1011
+
1012
+ 300
1013
+ 00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:47,440
1014
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠ ู„ู… ูŠุณุชูุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุขู‡
1015
+
1016
+ 301
1017
+ 00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:51,720
1018
+ ุจูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุฏุงุดู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถุŒ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ
1019
+
1020
+ 302
1021
+ 00:21:51,720 --> 00:21:57,070
1022
+ ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉุŒ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ E
1023
+
1024
+ 303
1025
+ 00:21:57,070 --> 00:21:59,610
1026
+ coliุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ KlebsiellaุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ stuffุŒ ูˆู„ุง
1027
+
1028
+ 304
1029
+ 00:21:59,610 --> 00:22:03,530
1030
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฅูŠุด...ุฅูŠุด ูุงุฑู‚ ู…ุนุงูŠุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
1031
+
1032
+ 305
1033
+ 00:22:03,530 --> 00:22:06,250
1034
+ ุจุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ sensitive ูˆ resistant
1035
+
1036
+ 306
1037
+ 00:22:06,250 --> 00:22:09,710
1038
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูุจุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ antibiotic ู‡ุฐุง...ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุถ
1039
+
1040
+ 307
1041
+ 00:22:09,710 --> 00:22:14,430
1042
+ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุทุจุงุกุŒ ูˆูƒุชูŠุฑ ุญูˆุงุฑู†ุง
1043
+
1044
+ 308
1045
+ 00:22:14,430 --> 00:22:18,110
1046
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุง ุนู… ุฃู†ุชู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุฎุทุฆูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ูƒู„
1047
+
1048
+ 309
1049
+ 00:22:18,110 --> 00:22:23,370
1050
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ู…ุด
1051
+
1052
+ 310
1053
+ 00:22:23,370 --> 00:22:25,990
1054
+ ููŠู‡ normal microbiotaุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ E. coli
1055
+
1056
+ 311
1057
+ 00:22:25,990 --> 00:22:30,430
1058
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ stoolุŒ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุกุŒ ู„ุง ุชุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃู†ุช
1059
+
1060
+ 312
1061
+ 00:22:30,430 --> 00:22:34,050
1062
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุฑูŠุต ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุจุฏู‚ุฉุŒ ุญุชู‰
1063
+
1064
+ 313
1065
+ 00:22:34,050 --> 00:22:36,810
1066
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ epidemiologyุŒ ู„ุฃุŒ ุงู„ู€ diseases ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1067
+
1068
+ 314
1069
+ 00:22:36,810 --> 00:22:42,610
1070
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุถุน ุณูŠุงุณุงุช ู„ู…ูƒุงูุญุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ุง...
1071
+
1072
+ 315
1073
+ 00:22:42,610 --> 00:22:46,990
1074
+ ุงู„ู€ group B streptococciุŒ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ูƒุงู†ุช number one
1075
+
1076
+ 316
1077
+ 00:22:46,990 --> 00:22:51,450
1078
+ cause of meningitisุŒ neonatal meningitisุŒ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1079
+
1080
+ 317
1081
+ 00:22:51,450 --> 00:22:54,450
1082
+ vaccineุŒ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูˆุงุŒ ุจู„ุงุด ูุงูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ุนููˆุงู‹ ู…ุด ูุงูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1083
+
1084
+ 318
1085
+ 00:22:54,450 --> 00:22:58,990
1086
+ system ู„ู„ู€ diagnosis ูˆู„ู„ู€ treatment ู„ู„ุฃู… ุฎู„ุงู„
1087
+
1088
+ 319
1089
+ 00:22:58,990 --> 00:23:02,970
1090
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉุŒ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ number one
1091
+
1092
+ 320
1093
+ 00:23:02,970 --> 00:23:06,430
1094
+ cause of neonatal meningitisุŒ ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ุŒ ุงุชุบูŠุฑ
1095
+
1096
+ 321
1097
+ 00:23:06,430 --> 00:23:10,290
1098
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„ู†ุงุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1099
+
1100
+ 322
1101
+ 00:23:10,290 --> 00:23:15,230
1102
+ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฃู† ู…ุนุฑูุชูŠ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆู…ุณุจุจุงุช
1103
+
1104
+ 323
1105
+ 00:23:15,230 --> 00:23:18,570
1106
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุทูŠุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠุŒ ูู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ
1107
+
1108
+ 324
1109
+ 00:23:18,570 --> 00:23:21,990
1110
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ุง ุงุณุชูุงุฏุดุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุงุณุชูุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1111
+
1112
+ 325
1113
+ 00:23:21,990 --> 00:23:25,690
1114
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงุญู†ุง correct diagnosisุŒ ุทูŠุจ
1115
+
1116
+ 326
1117
+ 00:23:28,940 --> 00:23:35,400
1118
+ rigors ุฒูŠ...ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตู„ุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฑุนุดุงุชุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ...ุฑุนุดุฉ
1119
+
1120
+ 327
1121
+ 00:23:35,400 --> 00:23:42,280
1122
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู†ุง ุทุฑู‚ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู„ู„...ู„ู„ู€ lab diagnosisุŒ gene
1123
+
1124
+ 328
1125
+ 00:23:42,280 --> 00:23:46,220
1126
+ sustainingุŒ detection of IgG ุฃูˆ rise in Ig...ุนููˆุงู‹
1127
+
1128
+ 329
1129
+ 00:23:46,220 --> 00:23:50,280
1130
+ IgMุŒ ุฃูˆ rise in IgGุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ PCRุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุงู„ุตุจุญ ููŠ
1131
+
1132
+ 330
1133
+ 00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:53,920
1134
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุงู„ุจุงุชุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ PCR ุฃุตุจุญ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑ ุจุดูƒู„
1135
+
1136
+ 331
1137
+ 00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:57,240
1138
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู‡ู„ ุฃูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1139
+
1140
+ 332
1141
+ 00:23:57,240 --> 00:24:01,080
1142
+ diagnosisุŒ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูŠุธู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ PCR is expensiveุŒ ู„ุฃ
1143
+
1144
+ 333
1145
+ 00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:05,900
1146
+ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู‚ุฏ ุชุญูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ culture ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ PCRุŒ ุญุชู‰ ูŠู‚ู„ู„
1147
+
1148
+ 334
1149
+ 00:24:05,900 --> 00:24:10,200
1150
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฑูŠูุŒ ูุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ PCR ุตุงุฑุช ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูˆุฑุฎูŠุตุฉ
1151
+
1152
+ 335
1153
+ 00:24:10,200 --> 00:24:13,360
1154
+ ูˆู…ุชูˆุงูุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ treatment and prevention ููŠ
1155
+
1156
+ 336
1157
+ 00:24:13,360 --> 00:24:18,500
1158
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ amoxicillinุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุดุชู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู†
1159
+
1160
+ 337
1161
+ 00:24:18,500 --> 00:24:23,560
1162
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
1163
+
1164
+ 338
1165
+ 00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:30,050
1166
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุฑุถุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„
1167
+
1168
+ 339
1169
+ 00:24:30,050 --> 00:24:32,210
1170
+ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุณูŠุทุฑุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ
1171
+
1172
+ 340
1173
+ 00:24:32,210 --> 00:24:37,430
1174
+ ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุชู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ...ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ูƒุงู†
1175
+
1176
+ 341
1177
+ 00:24:37,430 --> 00:24:43,390
1178
+ ููŠ ุณู†ุฉ...ููŠ ุณู†ูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญู„ู‚ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ...
1179
+
1180
+ 342
1181
+ 00:24:43,390 --> 00:24:47,050
1182
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุตูุฑุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุดุนุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
1183
+
1184
+ 343
1185
+ 00:24:47,050 --> 00:24:51,330
1186
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ...ุฃุญุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูˆุฌู‡ ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู…ู„ุŒ ูˆ
1187
+
1188
+ 344
1189
+ 00:24:51,330 --> 00:24:55,250
1190
+ ุงู„ุญุดุฑุงุชุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„...ุงู„...ุงู„...ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡
1191
+
1192
+ 345
1193
+ 00:24:55,250 --> 00:24:59,930
1194
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎููŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุดุนุฑุŒ
1195
+
1196
+ 346
1197
+ 00:24:59,930 --> 00:25:03,610
1198
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ู„...ููƒุงู†ุช ุฃุญุฏ ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ
1199
+
1200
+ 347
1201
+ 00:25:03,610 --> 00:25:07,330
1202
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจูŠุฏุงุชุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงุŒ ุงู„...ุงู„ู€ rodents ูƒุงู†
1203
+
1204
+ 348
1205
+ 00:25:07,330 --> 00:25:14,620
1206
+ ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชุฑุงุชุŒ ุฌูˆุงุฆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠุงุช ู„ู…ู† ูŠุณุชุนุฏ ุนุฏุฏ
1207
+
1208
+ 349
1209
+ 00:25:14,620 --> 00:25:20,180
1210
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุขู†
1211
+
1212
+ 350
1213
+ 00:25:20,180 --> 00:25:23,580
1214
+ ุณุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุฃู† ู…ุน ุฃู†ูƒ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุฏูุน ูุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠุฉ
1215
+
1216
+ 351
1217
+ 00:25:23,580 --> 00:25:30,580
1218
+ ุจูŠุนุทูˆูƒ ุธุฑู ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1219
+
1220
+ 352
1221
+ 00:25:30,580 --> 00:25:35,520
1222
+ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู†ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฎููุชุŒ ุชูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1223
+
1224
+ 353
1225
+ 00:25:35,520 --> 00:25:38,780
1226
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู†ุŒ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู†ุŸ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ููŠู‡ุง
1227
+
1228
+ 354
1229
+ 00:25:38,780 --> 00:25:43,240
1230
+ ุบุฐุงุกุŒ ููŠู‡ุง ุบุฐุงุกุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุฑุจูŠ ุฏูˆุงุฌู† ูˆุจูŠุญุท ู„ู‡ู… ู‚ู…ุญ ูˆูƒุฏู‡
1231
+
1232
+ 355
1233
+ 00:25:43,240 --> 00:25:46,880
1234
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู† ู…ุฑุฏุฉุŒ ูุชูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1235
+
1236
+ 356
1237
+ 00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:51,400
1238
+ ุจูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุถุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ุŒ ูŠุฎุฒู†ูˆู‡ ูˆูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุญุฏุช ู…ู†
1239
+
1240
+ 357
1241
+ 00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:54,960
1242
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฑุฏุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ hygienic measures ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1243
+
1244
+ 358
1245
+ 00:25:54,960 --> 00:25:58,260
1246
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1247
+
1248
+ 359
1249
+ 00:25:58,260 --> 00:26:01,480
1250
+ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ููŠ
1251
+
1252
+ 360
1253
+ 00:26:01,480 --> 00:26:05,720
1254
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ ูˆุฅู† ููŠ ู†ูุงูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุนุŒ ุซู‚ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุฃู†ูƒ
1255
+
1256
+ 361
1257
+ 00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:11,330
1258
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‚ุทุทุŒ ูˆู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฑุฏุงู†ุŒ ุงุญู†ุง
1259
+
1260
+ 362
1261
+ 00:26:11,330 --> 00:26:16,130
1262
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ TrypanosomiasisุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1263
+
1264
+ 363
1265
+ 00:26:16,130 --> 00:26:19,130
1266
+ LeptospiraุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ BorreliaุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ
1267
+
1268
+ 364
1269
+ 00:26:19,130 --> 00:26:23,270
1270
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ููŠ
1271
+
1272
+ 365
1273
+ 00:26:23,270 --> 00:26:27,170
1274
+ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ Lyme DiseaseุŒ Lyme DiseaseุŒ ูˆ
1275
+
1276
+ 366
1277
+ 00:26:27,170 --> 00:26:30,970
1278
+ ุจุชุณุจุจู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ BorreliaุŒ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Borrelia burgdorferi
1279
+
1280
+ 367
1281
+ 00:26:30,970 --> 00:26:35,910
1282
+ Borrelia burgdorferiุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
1283
+
1284
+ 368
1285
+ 00:26:35,910 --> 00:26:40,650
1286
+ spiral organismุŒ ุจูŠุณุจุจูˆุง ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1287
+
1288
+ 369
1289
+ 00:26:40,650 --> 00:26:45,370
1290
+ sexually transmittedุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูŠุจูˆู†ูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1291
+
1292
+ 370
1293
+ 00:26:45,370 --> 00:26:49,530
1294
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ rodent transmittedุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ insect transmitted
1295
+
1296
+ 371
1297
+ 00:26:49,530 --> 00:26:50,370
1298
+ ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ transmitted
1299
+
1300
+ 372
1301
+ 00:26:57,640 --> 00:27:02,080
1302
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
1303
+
1304
+ 373
1305
+ 00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:06,540
1306
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠูƒูŠุชุณูŠุง
1307
+
1308
+ 374
1309
+ 00:27:06,540 --> 00:27:10,320
1310
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆุฑูŠูƒูŠุชุณูŠุง
1311
+
1312
+ 375
1313
+ 00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:14,240
1314
+ ูˆู…ุงูŠูƒูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ูˆุฑูŠูƒูŠุชุณูŠุง ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃุชูƒู„ู‘ู… ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุง
1315
+
1316
+ 376
1317
+ 00:27:14,240 --> 00:27:19,360
1318
+ ูˆุฑูŠูƒูŠุชุณูŠุง ูˆู…ุงูŠูƒูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุณู…ุงุก
1319
+
1320
+ 377
1321
+ 00:27:19,360 --> 00:27:22,720
1322
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…ุŒ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ู…ูŠุฒูŠู† ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
1323
+
1324
+ 378
1325
+ 00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:26,900
1326
+ ุนู†ู‡ู… ูˆู„ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ ู…ูŠุฒู†ุงู‡ู… ูˆูˆุถุนู†ุง ู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„
1327
+
1328
+ 379
1329
+ 00:27:26,900 --> 00:27:33,020
1330
+ microbiologyุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฐุงูƒุฑุชู†ุง ูˆู…ู† ุตูุญุงุชู†ุงุŒ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
1331
+
1332
+ 380
1333
+ 00:27:33,020 --> 00:27:37,060
1334
+ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Chlamydia ูˆุงู„ู€
1335
+
1336
+ 381
1337
+ 00:27:37,060 --> 00:27:41,260
1338
+ RickettsiaุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ are the only obligate
1339
+
1340
+ 382
1341
+ 00:27:41,260 --> 00:27:45,260
1342
+ intracellular parasitesุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ obligate
1343
+
1344
+ 383
1345
+ 00:27:45,260 --> 00:27:49,120
1346
+ intracellular parasitesุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุงุŒ ู„ู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆุง
1347
+
1348
+ 384
1349
+ 00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:54,690
1350
+ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุญุฑ ุงู„ุจุชุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1351
+
1352
+ 385
1353
+ 00:27:54,690 --> 00:27:58,690
1354
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู‡ู…ุŸ ู‡ู… ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ...ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ
1355
+
1356
+ 386
1357
+ 00:27:58,690 --> 00:28:03,890
1358
+ ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ ATPุŒ ู„ูŠุณ
1359
+
1360
+ 387
1361
+ 00:28:03,890 --> 00:28:09,290
1362
+ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ ATPุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
1363
+
1364
+ 388
1365
+ 00:28:09,290 --> 00:28:19,590
1366
+ ู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุจุงุฏู„ ูˆูŠุตู†ุน ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ ูˆูŠู†ู‚ู„ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆูŠู‡ุถู…
1367
+
1368
+ 389
1369
+ 00:28:19,590 --> 00:28:24,170
1370
+ ุจุฏูˆู† ATPุŸ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุฑูŠ
1371
+
1372
+ 390
1373
+ 00:28:24,170 --> 00:28:27,690
1374
+ ุจูู„ูˆุณุŒ ุจูู„ูˆุณ ุชุจุนุชู†ุงุŒ ุจุนุทูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1375
+
1376
+ 391
1377
+ 00:28:27,690 --> 00:28:31,790
1378
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุณู„ุนุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€
1379
+
1380
+ 445
1381
+ 00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:17,800
1382
+ Trachoma ู„ุฃู† Trachoma ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู† ูˆู‡ูˆ
1383
+
1384
+ 446
1385
+ 00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:22,460
1386
+ ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุจุตุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู‰
1387
+
1388
+ 447
1389
+ 00:32:22,460 --> 00:32:26,800
1390
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ blindness ูƒู…ุงู†
1391
+
1392
+ 448
1393
+ 00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:30,880
1394
+ ู…ุฑุฉ *Chlamydia trachomatis*, *Chlamydia pneumoniae*, *Chlamydia*
1395
+
1396
+ 449
1397
+ 00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:34,850
1398
+ Trachomatis. ุงู„ู€characteristics they may
1399
+
1400
+ 450
1401
+ 00:32:34,850 --> 00:32:38,650
1402
+ be grown on .. ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‘ุงู†ุŒ ู…ูุนุงู„ุฉ
1403
+
1404
+ 451
1405
+ 00:32:38,650 --> 00:32:41,170
1406
+ ู…ุงูƒู†ุชูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ obligate
1407
+
1408
+ 452
1409
+ 00:32:41,170 --> 00:32:45,190
1410
+ intracellular parasiteุŒ ู‡ูŠู‘ุงู† ู…ูุนุงู„ุฉุŒ chicken embryo
1411
+
1412
+ 453
1413
+ 00:32:45,190 --> 00:32:48,790
1414
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€yolk sac ุจุชุงุน chicken embryo ุจุชุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุฉ
1415
+
1416
+ 454
1417
+ 00:32:48,790 --> 00:32:51,470
1418
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูƒูˆุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‘ ุงู„ู€ chicken
1419
+
1420
+ 455
1421
+ 00:32:51,470 --> 00:32:55,370
1422
+ embryoุŒ ุจู†ุญู‚ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู†ุชูˆูŽ ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
1423
+
1424
+ 456
1425
+ 00:32:55,370 --> 00:32:59,190
1426
+ ุจุนุฑู ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ ุฃุธู† ุฅู†ูŠ ุจูˆุถุญ ูˆูŠู†
1427
+
1428
+ 457
1429
+ 00:32:59,190 --> 00:33:02,690
1430
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญู‚ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€chicken embryoุŒ ูุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
1431
+
1432
+ 458
1433
+ 00:33:02,690 --> 00:33:06,090
1434
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชู†ู…ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง *Chlamydia*ุŒ ุฃุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง
1435
+
1436
+ 459
1437
+ 00:33:06,090 --> 00:33:09,410
1438
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€yolk sac ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€chicken embryoุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1439
+
1440
+ 460
1441
+ 00:33:09,410 --> 00:33:13,510
1442
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูุถู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€tissue cultureุŒ ูˆ
1443
+
1444
+ 461
1445
+ 00:33:13,510 --> 00:33:16,810
1446
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€McCoy's cells ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€HeLa cells
1447
+
1448
+ 462
1449
+ 00:33:16,810 --> 00:33:19,890
1450
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€cell culture ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€tissue culture
1451
+
1452
+ 463
1453
+ 00:33:21,090 --> 00:33:25,690
1454
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ infection ู„ู„ู€epithelial cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1455
+
1456
+ 464
1457
+ 00:33:25,690 --> 00:33:29,670
1458
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€mucous membranes ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€lungsุŒ ูˆูŠูุนุชู‚ุฏ
1459
+
1460
+ 465
1461
+ 00:33:29,670 --> 00:33:35,390
1462
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€virulence ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฑูˆุจ
1463
+
1464
+ 466
1465
+ 00:33:35,390 --> 00:33:38,930
1466
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€phagocytosisุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ู…ู†
1467
+
1468
+ 467
1469
+ 00:33:38,930 --> 00:33:43,010
1470
+ ุงู„ู€phagolysosome fusionุŒ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1471
+
1472
+ 468
1473
+ 00:33:43,010 --> 00:33:46,920
1474
+ phagocytosisุŒ ูˆุจุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ
1475
+
1476
+ 469
1477
+ 00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:51,120
1478
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€lysosome ูŠุฑุชุจุทุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆุง ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
1479
+
1480
+ 470
1481
+ 00:33:51,120 --> 00:33:55,440
1482
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงุฌูˆ lysosomeุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
1483
+
1484
+ 471
1485
+ 00:33:55,440 --> 00:33:59,600
1486
+ chemicals ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€lysosome ุฅู† ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง
1487
+
1488
+ 472
1489
+ 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:03,880
1490
+ it resists killing by phagocytosisุŒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅู†ู‡
1491
+
1492
+ 473
1493
+ 00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:10,760
1494
+ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€lysosome ุฅู† ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ ุทุจ
1495
+
1496
+ 474
1497
+ 00:34:10,760 --> 00:34:14,300
1498
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€macrophage ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€phagocyte
1499
+
1500
+ 475
1501
+ 00:34:14,300 --> 00:34:18,440
1502
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€host cellุŒ ูˆู†ุญูˆ ูˆู…ุงูˆุตู„ู‡ุงุด killingุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุนู…ู„
1503
+
1504
+ 476
1505
+ 00:34:18,440 --> 00:34:21,580
1506
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ multiplicationุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชุฒูŠุฏุŒ ุชูƒุชุฑ ุฌูˆุง
1507
+
1508
+ 477
1509
+ 00:34:21,580 --> 00:34:25,020
1510
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฅู„ุง ูƒูŠู ุชูƒูˆู† obligate intracellular
1511
+
1512
+ 478
1513
+ 00:34:25,020 --> 00:34:30,540
1514
+ ุจุงุฑุงุณุงูŠุชุŸ ูƒูŠู ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† obligate intracellular
1515
+
1516
+ 479
1517
+ 00:34:30,540 --> 00:34:33,400
1518
+ ุจุงุฑุงุณุงูŠุช ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนูŠุด ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ
1519
+
1520
+ 480
1521
+ 00:34:33,400 --> 00:34:36,880
1522
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ heat-labile toxin
1523
+
1524
+ 481
1525
+ 00:34:38,910 --> 00:34:44,410
1526
+ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฏู…ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชู†ุงูุณ ุนู„ู‰
1527
+
1528
+ 482
1529
+ 00:34:44,410 --> 00:34:47,870
1530
+ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุกุŒ ู…ุด ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1531
+
1532
+ 483
1533
+ 00:34:47,870 --> 00:34:51,750
1534
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุฃูŽุดู’ุทูŽุฑ ููŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
1535
+
1536
+ 484
1537
+ 00:34:51,750 --> 00:34:54,990
1538
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ can surviveุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู†
1539
+
1540
+ 485
1541
+ 00:34:54,990 --> 00:34:58,470
1542
+ ุฐูƒุงุก *Pseudomonas* ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุตุจุบุฉ
1543
+
1544
+ 486
1545
+ 00:34:58,470 --> 00:35:03,270
1546
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ู€ironุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€
1547
+
1548
+ 487
1549
+ 00:35:03,270 --> 00:35:07,190
1550
+ iron ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฑุชุจุทุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ
1551
+
1552
+ 488
1553
+ 00:35:07,190 --> 00:35:10,890
1554
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู€ironุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช
1555
+
1556
+ 489
1557
+ 00:35:10,890 --> 00:35:14,690
1558
+ *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุงูุณุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠู‘ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ
1559
+
1560
+ 490
1561
+ 00:35:14,690 --> 00:35:18,050
1562
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ูŠู†ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
1563
+
1564
+ 491
1565
+ 00:35:18,050 --> 00:35:23,230
1566
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุฌุญุช ูˆุฃู†ุง ูุดู„ุชุŒ ูุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุนุฏู…
1567
+
1568
+ 492
1569
+ 00:35:23,230 --> 00:35:27,500
1570
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ nutrients ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ host immune
1571
+
1572
+ 493
1573
+ 00:35:27,500 --> 00:35:30,800
1574
+ responseุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ may account for
1575
+
1576
+ 494
1577
+ 00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:33,940
1578
+ inflammation and tissue destructionุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1579
+
1580
+ 495
1581
+ 00:35:33,940 --> 00:35:38,860
1582
+ ุฌูˆุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€immune system ุจุชุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุจุชุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1583
+
1584
+ 496
1585
+ 00:35:38,860 --> 00:35:43,000
1586
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€immune system
1587
+
1588
+ 497
1589
+ 00:35:43,000 --> 00:35:50,600
1590
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุตุฑูุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุชู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠุญุงุตุฑ
1591
+
1592
+ 498
1593
+ 00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:57,520
1594
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ูˆูŠุฏู…ุฑู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุชู‡ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡
1595
+
1596
+ 499
1597
+ 00:35:57,520 --> 00:36:02,040
1598
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ overreacted ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุชุตุฑู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุด
1599
+
1600
+ 500
1601
+ 00:36:02,040 --> 00:36:07,340
1602
+ ุฐูƒูŠุฉุŒ ูุจูŠุนู…ู„ destruction ู„ู€normal cells ูˆู„ู€ ูˆู„ู€
1603
+
1604
+ 501
1605
+ 00:36:07,340 --> 00:36:12,780
1606
+ ูˆู„ู€ ูˆู„ู€ infected cellsุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด
1607
+
1608
+ 502
1609
+ 00:36:12,780 --> 00:36:17,520
1610
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุŒ ุนู„ู‰
1611
+
1612
+ 503
1613
+ 00:36:17,520 --> 00:36:24,340
1614
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุฃูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุฒุน ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุดูˆูƒุฉ
1615
+
1616
+ 504
1617
+ 00:36:24,340 --> 00:36:28,920
1618
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุฃูˆู„
1619
+
1620
+ 505
1621
+ 00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:32,800
1622
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุฒุฌู‘ู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1623
+
1624
+ 506
1625
+ 00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:36,140
1626
+ ู†ูƒุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู†ูƒุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุจูŠุฏู…ุฑ
1627
+
1628
+ 507
1629
+ 00:36:36,140 --> 00:36:40,590
1630
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุทู„ุนุด ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡
1631
+
1632
+ 508
1633
+ 00:36:40,590 --> 00:36:45,670
1634
+ ู„ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒุฉุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€immune system ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู…
1635
+
1636
+ 509
1637
+ 00:36:45,670 --> 00:36:49,150
1638
+ ุจุชุตุฑูุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ tissue
1639
+
1640
+ 510
1641
+ 00:36:49,150 --> 00:36:52,970
1642
+ destructionุŒ ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰
1643
+
1644
+ 511
1645
+ 00:36:52,970 --> 00:36:57,370
1646
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุนุงุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุบุฑูŠุจุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€
1647
+
1648
+ 512
1649
+ 00:36:57,370 --> 00:37:01,650
1650
+ viral hepatitisุŒ ุซุจุช ุจุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุทุน ุฅู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
1651
+
1652
+ 513
1653
+ 00:37:01,650 --> 00:37:05,750
1654
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุฏู…ุฑ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุฏู…ุฑ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŸ
1655
+
1656
+ 514
1657
+ 00:37:05,750 --> 00:37:09,810
1658
+ ุงู„ู€T-cellsุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู‡ุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชู‡ุงุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1659
+
1660
+ 515
1661
+ 00:37:09,810 --> 00:37:13,450
1662
+ ุงู„ู€infected ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ destruction ู„ู€liver cellsุŒ ููŠ
1663
+
1664
+ 516
1665
+ 00:37:13,450 --> 00:37:18,290
1666
+ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
1667
+
1668
+ 517
1669
+ 00:37:21,450 --> 00:37:26,090
1670
+ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ microbiologyุŒ ุชุญุฏู‘ุซู†ุง ุนู† life
1671
+
1672
+ 518
1673
+ 00:37:26,090 --> 00:37:28,610
1674
+ cycleุŒ ุชุฑูƒู†ุง ุงู„ู€life cycle ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุฏู†ุงู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ
1675
+
1676
+ 519
1677
+ 00:37:28,610 --> 00:37:33,010
1678
+ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุทููŠู„ูŠุงุชุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1679
+
1680
+ 520
1681
+ 00:37:33,010 --> 00:37:36,630
1682
+ ู‡ู†ู†ุงูุณ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุฏู†ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1683
+
1684
+ 521
1685
+ 00:37:36,630 --> 00:37:41,230
1686
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ุง life cycleุŒ ูˆ
1687
+
1688
+ 522
1689
+ 00:37:41,230 --> 00:37:43,890
1690
+ life cycle ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ุด life cycle ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ
1691
+
1692
+ 523
1693
+ 00:37:43,890 --> 00:37:49,990
1694
+ ุงู„ุทููŠู„ู‘ูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠู‘ life cycleุŒ ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1695
+
1696
+ 524
1697
+ 00:37:49,990 --> 00:37:58,020
1698
+ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง EBุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง elementary bodyุŒ ุงู„ู€elementary
1699
+
1700
+ 525
1701
+ 00:37:58,020 --> 00:38:02,720
1702
+ body ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ it
1703
+
1704
+ 526
1705
+ 00:38:02,720 --> 00:38:08,210
1706
+ will attach to cells and ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ cell entryุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1707
+
1708
+ 527
1709
+ 00:38:08,210 --> 00:38:12,850
1710
+ cell entry ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒ
1711
+
1712
+ 528
1713
+ 00:38:12,850 --> 00:38:17,470
1714
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
1715
+
1716
+ 529
1717
+ 00:38:17,470 --> 00:38:22,890
1718
+ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€lysosome ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†
1719
+
1720
+ 530
1721
+ 00:38:22,890 --> 00:38:28,430
1722
+ ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€fusion inhibitionุŒ ู…ู†ุนุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูŠูุชุฑุถ ููŠ
1723
+
1724
+ 531
1725
+ 00:38:28,430 --> 00:38:30,730
1726
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€*Salmonella*ุŒ ู‡ุชุดุชุบู„ุŒ ุชุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ุŒ ุชุจุฏุฃ
1727
+
1728
+ 532
1729
+ 00:38:30,730 --> 00:38:36,190
1730
+ ุชู†ู‚ุณู…ุŒ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุซู†ุงุฆูŠ ุจุณูŠุทุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุŒ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€spherical bodyุŒ ูˆ
1731
+
1732
+ 533
1733
+ 00:38:36,190 --> 00:38:39,550
1734
+ ุงู„ู€spherical body ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ reticulate bodyุŒ
1735
+
1736
+ 534
1737
+ 00:38:39,550 --> 00:38:43,010
1738
+ reticulateุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ two bodiesุŒ
1739
+
1740
+ 535
1741
+ 00:38:43,010 --> 00:38:47,090
1742
+ elementary ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ูŠู†
1743
+
1744
+ 536
1745
+ 00:38:47,090 --> 00:38:50,870
1746
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู€reticulate bodyุŒ ุงู„ู€reticulate body
1747
+
1748
+ 537
1749
+ 00:38:50,870 --> 00:38:55,910
1750
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ maturationุŒ ู†ุถูˆุฌุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุจุงู„ู€binary
1751
+
1752
+ 538
1753
+ 00:38:55,910 --> 00:39:00,250
1754
+ fissionุŒ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€reticulate body ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฃูŠู‡ุŒ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุŸ
1755
+
1756
+ 539
1757
+ 00:39:00,250 --> 00:39:05,540
1758
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ
1759
+
1760
+ 540
1761
+ 00:39:05,540 --> 00:39:08,880
1762
+ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉุŒ maturationุŒ
1763
+
1764
+ 541
1765
+ 00:39:08,880 --> 00:39:13,360
1766
+ ู†ุถูˆุฌ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1767
+
1768
+ 542
1769
+ 00:39:13,360 --> 00:39:15,400
1770
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุงู†ุณูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ูˆุงู†ุณูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุกุŒ
1771
+
1772
+ 543
1773
+ 00:39:15,400 --> 00:39:18,360
1774
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
1775
+
1776
+ 544
1777
+ 00:39:18,360 --> 00:39:21,320
1778
+ ุชุญูˆู‘ู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู…ุด
1779
+
1780
+ 545
1781
+ 00:39:21,320 --> 00:39:25,040
1782
+ ูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุจูŠุถุงุกุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ุตู’ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€elementaryุŒ ุนููˆุงู‹ุŒ
1783
+
1784
+ 546
1785
+ 00:39:25,040 --> 00:39:28,520
1786
+ ุงู„ู€reticulate bodyุŒ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุชุญูˆู‘ู„ ู„ู„ูˆู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ
1787
+
1788
+ 547
1789
+ 00:39:28,520 --> 00:39:33,240
1790
+ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ ุดูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ elementary bodyุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
1791
+
1792
+ 548
1793
+ 00:39:33,240 --> 00:39:37,700
1794
+ elementary bodyุŒ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู‘ู„ ู„ู€reticulateุŒ ูˆ
1795
+
1796
+ 549
1797
+ 00:39:37,700 --> 00:39:41,340
1798
+ ุงู„ู€reticulate ุจูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุชุญูˆู‘ู„
1799
+
1800
+ 550
1801
+ 00:39:41,340 --> 00:39:44,820
1802
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€elementary bodyุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠูŽุทู’ุฑูุฏู‡ุง ุจุฑู‘ุงุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€
1803
+
1804
+ 551
1805
+ 00:39:44,820 --> 00:39:49,200
1806
+ infective stage ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุงู„ู€elementary bodyุŒ
1807
+
1808
+ 552
1809
+ 00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:53,480
1810
+ ุงู„ู€infective stage ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ู‡ูˆ
1811
+
1812
+ 553
1813
+ 00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:56,920
1814
+ ุงู„ู€elementary bodyุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุญุฏู‘ ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ุฒุงูŠุง
1815
+
1816
+ 554
1817
+ 00:39:56,920 --> 00:40:00,020
1818
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€elementary body is more
1819
+
1820
+ 555
1821
+ 00:40:00,020 --> 00:40:04,100
1822
+ resistant to environmental conditionsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1823
+
1824
+ 556
1825
+ 00:40:04,100 --> 00:40:08,560
1826
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1827
+
1828
+ 557
1829
+ 00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:11,820
1830
+ reticulate bodyุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1831
+
1832
+ 558
1833
+ 00:40:11,820 --> 00:40:13,780
1834
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€environment.
1835
+
1836
+ 559
1837
+ 00:40:17,240 --> 00:40:23,320
1838
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ reticulate bodyุŒ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
1839
+
1840
+ 560
1841
+ 00:40:23,320 --> 00:40:27,940
1842
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€diseases ุฃูˆ specific diseasesุŒ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง
1843
+
1844
+ 561
1845
+ 00:40:27,940 --> 00:40:32,940
1846
+ *Chlamydia psittaci*ุŒ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงุŒ *psittaci* ู‡ูŠู‘
1847
+
1848
+ 562
1849
+ 00:40:32,940 --> 00:40:37,160
1850
+ psittacine birdsุŒ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุจุบุงูˆุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุจุบุงูˆุงุช
1851
+
1852
+ 563
1853
+ 00:40:37,160 --> 00:40:40,680
1854
+ *Chlamydia psittaci* is a zoonotic respiratory
1855
+
1856
+ 564
1857
+ 00:40:40,680 --> 00:40:44,220
1858
+ diseaseุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1859
+
1860
+ 565
1861
+ 00:40:44,220 --> 00:40:48,060
1862
+ ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ุญุฏู‘ ููŠูƒู… ุฑุงุจู‘ูŠ ุทูŠุฑ ุฌุงุจ ู„ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ู‚ูุต ููŠ
1863
+
1864
+ 566
1865
+ 00:40:48,060 --> 00:40:54,380
1866
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎู„ูุงุช ุงู„ุทูŠุฑ ู…ุญุตูˆุฑุฉ
1867
+
1868
+ 567
1869
+ 00:40:54,380 --> 00:40:58,460
1870
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูุต ูˆู„ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูุต ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
1871
+
1872
+ 568
1873
+ 00:40:58,460 --> 00:41:02,140
1874
+ ุฅู†ู‡ confinedุŒ ู„ุฃุŒ ุจูŠุทูŠุฑ ุจุฑู‘ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู…ุญุตูˆุฑ ููŠ
1875
+
1876
+ 569
1877
+ 00:41:02,140 --> 00:41:08,480
1878
+ ุงู„ู‚ูุตุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุทูŠุฑ ุจูŠูŽุนู…ูู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎู„ุฎู„
1879
+
1880
+ 570
1881
+ 00:41:08,480 --> 00:41:13,180
1882
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ูุจุชู†ุชุดุฑ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ู…ุฎู„ูุงุชู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…
1883
+
1884
+ 571
1885
+ 00:41:13,180 --> 00:41:16,100
1886
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑูŠุด
1887
+
1888
+ 572
1889
+ 00:41:16,100 --> 00:41:23,160
1890
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุบุจุงุฑ ูˆุงู†ุชุดุงุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ ูˆ
1891
+
1892
+ 573
1893
+ 00:41:23,160 --> 00:41:26,700
1894
+ ู…ู† ุซู… ุงุณุชู†ุดุงู‚ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅู„ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง
1895
+
1896
+ 574
1897
+ 00:41:26,700 --> 00:41:31,060
1898
+ ุญุงู…ู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€*Chlamydia psittaci*ุŒ ูˆุงุณุชู†ุดู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅุญู†ุงุŒ
1899
+
1900
+ 575
1901
+ 00:41:31,060 --> 00:41:34,860
1902
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง pneumoniaุŒ pneumonia atypicalุŒ ุบูŠุฑ
1903
+
1904
+ 576
1905
+ 00:41:34,860 --> 00:41:39,980
1906
+ ู†ู…ุทูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุฌูŽุฑู’ู…ูŽุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€antigenic ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1907
+
1908
+ 577
1909
+ 00:41:39,980 --> 00:41:43,420
1910
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง *Chlamydia psittaci*ุŒ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง zoonotic diseaseุŒ
1911
+
1912
+ 578
1913
+ 00:41:43,420 --> 00:41:47,160
1914
+ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุงู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1915
+
1916
+ 579
1917
+ 00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:53,840
1918
+ transmission ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู€inhalation ู„ู„ู€dust ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ
1919
+
1920
+ 580
1921
+ 00:41:53,840 --> 00:41:59,040
1922
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€feces
1923
+
1924
+ 581
1925
+ 00:41:59,040 --> 00:42:00,040
1926
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€birds
1927
+
1928
+ 582
1929
+ 00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:11,760
1930
+ ู„ู€birds ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€birds ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุทูŠูˆุฑุŒ ู„ูˆ ุตูˆุฑุช
1931
+
1932
+ 583
1933
+ 00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:14,620
1934
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุฆุฉ ุนุฑุถุฉ
1935
+
1936
+ 584
1937
+ 00:42:14,620 --> 00:42:18,360
1938
+ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€diseaseุŒ ู‡ุชุนุฑู ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€poultry workersุŒ
1939
+
1940
+ 585
1941
+ 00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:22,800
1942
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฌู†ุŒ ูุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1943
+
1944
+ 586
1945
+ 00:42:22,800 --> 00:42:25,040
1946
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู€normal habitatุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุจุดูƒู„
1947
+
1948
+ 587
1949
+ 00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:29,000
1950
+ ุนุงู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุชูƒู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
1951
+
1952
+ 588
1953
+ 00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:35,360
1954
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู„ูŠุณ ููŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุทูŠูˆุฑุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุทูŠูˆุฑ ู…ู†ุฒู„ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุทุŒ
1955
+
1956
+ 589
1957
+ 00:42:35,360 --> 00:42:38,740
1958
+ ุจู†ุฑุจูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฅุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŸ ุจู†ุญุท ุฌูุฏูŽู‘ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ูุตุŸ ูˆู„ุง
1959
+
1960
+ 590
1961
+ 00:42:38,740 --> 00:42:42,360
1962
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‘ ุนุตุงููŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‘ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
1963
+
1964
+ 591
1965
+ 00:42:42,360 --> 00:42:46,920
1966
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุจุบุงูˆุงุช ุจุฃุดูƒุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉุŸ ูˆุฃู†ุง
1967
+
1968
+ 592
1969
+ 00:42:46,920 --> 00:42:51,480
1970
+ ...ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ูุถู„. ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃุŒ ุงู„ุทูŠุฑ ู„ุฃุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹
1971
+
1972
+ 593
1973
+ 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:55,080
1974
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† normal... normal floraุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ normal flora ุฃูˆ
1975
+
1976
+ 594
1977
+ 00:42:55,080 --> 00:43:01,300
1978
+ normal microbiotaุŒ DiseaseุŒ ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุงุŒ ูˆDiagnosis ุจุชุชู…
1979
+
1980
+ 595
1981
+ 00:43:01,300 --> 00:43:07,340
1982
+ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู€isolation of the organism ู…ู† ุงู„ู€sputumุŒ ุนู†
1983
+
1984
+ 596
1985
+ 00:43:07,340 --> 00:43:11,420
1986
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€tissue cultureุŒ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุฌูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ู†ู…ู‘ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
1987
+
1988
+ 597
1989
+ 00:43:13,280 --> 00:43:17,260
1990
+ artificial mediaุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง cell cultureุŒ complement
1991
+
1992
+ 598
1993
+ 00:43:17,260 --> 00:43:21,020
1994
+ fixation to detect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ specific antibodiesุŒ ุงู„ู€
1995
+
1996
+ 599
1997
+ 00:43:21,020 --> 00:43:26,840
1998
+ treatmentุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ูŠุชูƒุฑู‘ุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู†ุŒ
1999
+
2000
+ 600
2001
+ 00:43:27,960 --> 00:43:31,340
2002
+ two drugsุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ tetracyclineุŒ ู‡ูˆ drug of choice ููŠ ุงู„ู€
2003
+
2004
+ 601
2005
+ 00:43:31,340 --> 00:43:35,740
2006
+ adultsุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ tetracyclineุŒ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุณุงูˆุฆู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูุนุทู‰
2007
+
2008
+ 602
2009
+ 00:43:35,740 --> 00:43:39,280
2010
+ ู„ู„ุญุงู…ู„ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูุนุทู‰ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถุนุงุชุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูุนุทู‰ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
2011
+
2012
+ 603
2013
+ 00:43:39,280 --> 00:43:42,180
2014
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
2015
+
2016
+ 604
2017
+ 00:43:42,180 --> 00:43:45,700
2018
+ erythromycinุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุงู‚ูŠ
2019
+
2020
+ 605
2021
+ 00:43:45,700 --> 00:43:48,880
2022
+ ุงู„ู€Chlamydia ูˆุจู†ุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€Rickettsia ูˆุงู„ู€
2023
+
2024
+ 606
2025
+ 00:43:48,880 --> 00:43:49,840
2026
+ MycoplasmaุŒ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡.
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/WKKMQl3l3ek_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/cfUGCZIP6_0.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2058 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,570 --> 00:00:24,790
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุฎุงู„ุต
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,790 --> 00:00:30,870
7
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mycology ุณู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:30,870 --> 00:00:36,670
11
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:36,670 --> 00:00:42,490
15
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ู‡ุชู… ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ููŠ ุนู„ู… microbiology
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:42,490 --> 00:00:45,390
19
+ medical microbiology ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:45,390 --> 00:00:49,870
23
+ diagram ู…ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุจacteriology ุงู„ุชูŠ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:49,870 --> 00:00:53,290
27
+ ู‚ุถูŠู†ุง ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:53,290 --> 00:00:57,590
31
+ ุฏุฑุณุชูˆู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ุญู…ุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€helminthology ูˆุงู„ู€
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:57,590 --> 00:01:00,310
35
+ protozoology ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูƒู„ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ parasitology
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:00,310 --> 00:01:02,350
39
+ ุฏุฑุณุชู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุฏู†ุงู† ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฏุฑุณูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุฏู†ุงู†
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:02,990 --> 00:01:06,650
43
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ู… ุนู„ู…ูŒุŒ ุฃุตุจุญ ุนู„ู…ู‹ุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุจุฐุงุชู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฒู…ุงู† ู…ุฏู…ุฌู‹ุง ุชุญุช
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:06,650 --> 00:01:10,070
47
+ ุนู„ู… microbiology ู„ูƒู† ู†ุธุฑู‹ุง ู„ุงุฒุฏูŠุงุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:10,070 --> 00:01:14,050
51
+ ุนู„ู…ู‹ุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุจุฐุงุชู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู… immunology ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุญู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:14,050 --> 00:01:16,690
55
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู… mycology
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:16,690 --> 00:01:21,650
59
+ ูˆุนู„ู… mycology ูŠู‡ุชู… ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชู†ู‚ุณู…
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:21,650 --> 00:01:27,100
63
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู†: ุงู„ yeast ูˆุงู„ mold ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู†
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:27,100 --> 00:01:32,520
67
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุชุŒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูˆุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:38,600
71
+ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ูƒุจุดุฑุŒ ู‡ู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃู… ุฏูˆุฑ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุŸ ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:42,940
75
+ ู„ู†ู„ู‚ู ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุณูˆูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ุซู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:42,940 --> 00:01:49,240
79
+ ุงู„ุฎุจุฒุŒ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎุจุฒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุฑุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:54,320
83
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎุจุฒ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงุก ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:54,320 --> 00:01:58,280
87
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู„ู‡ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,280 --> 00:02:02,580
91
+ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‹ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:02,580 --> 00:02:07,200
95
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุชุŒ ุงู„ yeast ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฎู…ูˆุฑ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:13,200
99
+ ูˆุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุญู† ูƒู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:13,200 --> 00:02:16,140
103
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ุŒ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:16,140 --> 00:02:19,620
107
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ู†ูุณู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ mushrooms
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:19,620 --> 00:02:27,500
111
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุคูƒู„ุŒ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชู†ุชุฌ toxinsุŒ ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:27,500 --> 00:02:32,100
115
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ toxins ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:32,100 --> 00:02:37,200
119
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:37,200 --> 00:02:41,340
123
+ ุจุดูƒู„ู ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:41,340 --> 00:02:45,290
127
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ biodegradationุŒ ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:45,290 --> 00:02:49,490
131
+ biodegradation ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:49,490 --> 00:02:53,430
135
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ูˆุช ู„ู… ุชุชุญู„ู„ุŒ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:53,430 --> 00:02:57,990
139
+ ู„ู† ุชูƒุชู…ู„ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ ู„ู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:57,990 --> 00:03:03,210
143
+ ุชูƒุชู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุฎุชุฒู†ุช ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูˆู„ู… ุชุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:03,210 --> 00:03:07,610
147
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุณุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ูˆุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชุนุชุจุฑ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:11,010
151
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ decomposersุŒ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญู„ู„ุงุชุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุชุณุงู‡ู…
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:11,010 --> 00:03:15,970
155
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ููŠ ุชุฏูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:15,970 --> 00:03:18,170
159
+ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู„ู… medical
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:18,170 --> 00:03:22,710
163
+ microbiologyุŒ ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุฃู… ุนู†
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:22,710 --> 00:03:24,750
167
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŸ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุณุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:24,750 --> 00:03:29,530
171
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:29,530 --> 00:03:35,170
175
+ ุชู„ุฎุต ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:35,170 --> 00:03:41,070
179
+ ุชูุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง skin infection ุงู„ู†ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุจุนุถ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:41,070 --> 00:03:44,230
183
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง: ุงู„ yeast ูˆ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:44,230 --> 00:03:48,850
187
+ ุงู„ yeast ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,850 --> 00:03:52,130
191
+ yeast and moldุŒ ุงู„ yeast ุฃุญุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:52,130 --> 00:03:57,230
195
+ unicellular ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ mold
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:57,230 --> 00:04:00,170
199
+ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ multi-cellular
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:00,170 --> 00:04:03,830
203
+ ุงู„ yeast ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุชุจุฑุนู…ุŒ ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:03,830 --> 00:04:07,770
207
+ buddingุŒ ุงู„ุชุจุฑุนู…ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุตุจุงุฑ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:07,770 --> 00:04:10,310
211
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉุŒ ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:10,310 --> 00:04:13,230
215
+ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:13,230 --> 00:04:18,640
219
+ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุŒ ูˆุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:22,560
223
+ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:26,540
227
+ ู†ุฑุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ yeastุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:26,540 --> 00:04:31,760
231
+ ุงู„ุชุจุฑุนู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ buddingุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:35,440
235
+ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชุณู…ู‰ dimorphismุŒ ู‚ู„ุชู ุฅู…ุง yeast ูˆุฅู…ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:39,420
239
+ moldุŒ ูู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูˆุฌุฏุช ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ูŠู†ุŸ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:39,420 --> 00:04:44,470
243
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ moldุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตูŠุจ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:44,470 --> 00:04:48,410
247
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุชุตุจุญ yeastุŒ ุฃูˆ ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ yeastุŒ ุฃูˆ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:48,410 --> 00:04:51,710
251
+ ู…ุง ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ yeastุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:56,250
255
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ medical microbiology: ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:56,250 --> 00:05:02,130
259
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ Coccidioides immitis ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฏูุŒ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:02,130 --> 00:05:05,290
263
+ ู„ุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุณุงู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:05,290 --> 00:05:10,960
267
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ moldุŒ ูˆุงู„ mold ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:13,960
271
+ ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุตูŠุจ ุจู‡
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:17,500
275
+ ูŠุตุจุญ yeastุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุฃู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ ุณุฃู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:17,500 --> 00:05:21,680
279
+ yeastุŒ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู„ุฐุง ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุทูˆุฑู‹ุง ู…ุนุฏูŠุงุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:25,260
283
+ ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู…ู† yeast ุฅู„ู‰ mold ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:25,260 --> 00:05:28,440
287
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:28,440 --> 00:05:33,980
291
+ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุŒ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… dimorphism ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:33,980 --> 00:05:39,220
295
+ ุฅุซู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุดูƒู„ yeast ูˆุดูƒู„ moldุŒ ูˆููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:39,220 --> 00:05:42,920
299
+ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† moldุŒ ูˆููŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:42,920 --> 00:05:47,040
303
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุดูƒู„ yeastุŒ ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:47,040 --> 00:05:53,260
307
+ hypha ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ moldุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ hypha
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:53,260 --> 00:06:00,380
311
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ moldุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูƒู„ุงู†ุŒ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุทุนุŒ ุฃูŠ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:00,380 --> 00:06:05,340
315
+ ุจู‡ ุฌูุฏู’ุฑุงู†ุŒ ูˆุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃุฌูˆูุŒ ุฃูŠ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:05,340 --> 00:06:10,300
319
+ ุฌูุฏู’ุฑุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณู…ู‰ septated ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุฌูุฏู’ุฑุงู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:10,300 --> 00:06:15,900
323
+ non-septatedุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงุณู… ุขุฎุฑ ุณูŠู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุฌูˆูุŒ ุณูŠู†ูˆุณุงูŠุชูŠุฉุŒ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:15,900 --> 00:06:19,020
327
+ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ู…ุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ุณู†ุฌู…ุน
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:19,020 --> 00:06:23,640
331
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุชุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ hypha ุฃูˆ ุงู„ hyphae ู‡ูŠ ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:23,640 --> 00:06:27,540
335
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ู„ุงุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุงุŒ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:27,540 --> 00:06:31,980
339
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ูˆู„ุงุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุงุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ูˆ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุงู„ู„ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:31,980 --> 00:06:36,460
343
+ ุฌู†ุณูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุฃู†ุซู‰ุŒ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉุŒ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:36,460 --> 00:06:41,980
347
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ููŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชุงุฌุŒ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุฏ ูุทุฑู‹ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:41,980 --> 00:06:48,370
351
+ ูŠุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุชูƒุงุซุฑ ู„ุงุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุง ูˆุฌู†ุณูŠู‹ุงุŒ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:48,370 --> 00:06:54,170
355
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุฏ ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ู…ู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:54,170 --> 00:06:59,290
359
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐู† and orุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:59,290 --> 00:07:02,950
363
+ ูŠุณู…ู‰ pseudo hyphaeุŒ ุงู„ุฎู…ุงุฆุฑ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:02,950 --> 00:07:06,850
367
+ ุฃุญุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฎู…ูŠุฑุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:06,850 --> 00:07:12,770
371
+ ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ูˆุชุดูƒู„ ุจุฑุนู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุจุฑุช ู…ุซู„ ุฃู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:12,770 --> 00:07:17,090
375
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุดูƒู„ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ุฃู†ุจูˆุจุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูˆุจ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:17,090 --> 00:07:23,100
379
+ ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู†ุทุจุงุนู‹ุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ hyphaeุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† hyphae ูƒุงุฐุจุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:23,100 --> 00:07:27,500
383
+ ูŠูู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ hyphae ูˆุงู„ hyphae ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจุฉุŸ ุฃู† ุงู„ hyphae
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:27,500 --> 00:07:33,320
387
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุทูˆุทู‡ุง ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠู‡ุง indentation
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:39,340
391
+ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุชุถูŠู‚ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุก ุชูƒูˆู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:39,340 --> 00:07:44,530
395
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูˆุงูุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ pseudo
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:44,530 --> 00:07:48,110
399
+ hyphae ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ True hyphae
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:48,110 --> 00:07:51,030
403
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ indentation ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:51,030 --> 00:07:55,530
407
+ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุถูŠู‚ู‹ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:55,530 --> 00:08:00,030
411
+ ... ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ sporesุŒ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:00,030 --> 00:08:06,270
415
+ ุจู€ sporesุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ spores ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:06,270 --> 00:08:09,670
419
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุฃู„ุง ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ spores ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ูˆู„ูƒู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:13,270
423
+ ู„ู„ุฃุณูุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงู† ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฌูˆุฒ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:13,270 --> 00:08:18,410
427
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ุฃุจุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุทุŒ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:18,410 --> 00:08:22,170
431
+ ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ endospore ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูŠุณ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:22,170 --> 00:08:25,710
435
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ spore ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุบุฑุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:25,710 --> 00:08:29,290
439
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉุŒ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ SporeุŒ Spore ุชุชุญูˆู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:29,290 --> 00:08:34,500
443
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู„ู… ูŠุฒุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏุŒ ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ spores ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:34,500 --> 00:08:38,820
447
+ ู„ู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ูุทุฑ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู†ุŒ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:39,060 --> 00:08:43,000
451
+ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† sporesุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ spores ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุดุจู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:47,500
455
+ ุจุงู„ุจุฐูˆุฑ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠุฉุŒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:47,500 --> 00:08:52,340
459
+ ู„ู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ reproductionุŒ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:52,340 --> 00:08:55,060
463
+ reproductionุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:55,060 --> 00:08:58,580
467
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู„ุง ูŠุฌูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุณู… ุขุฎุฑ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:58,580 --> 00:09:03,860
471
+ ู„ spores ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช: conidiaุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:03,860 --> 00:09:08,800
475
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† conidia ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ ู…ู†ู‡ุง arthroconidiaุŒ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:08,800 --> 00:09:13,560
479
+ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ arthroconidia ู…ูุตู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ูุตู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:17,690
483
+ ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:17,690 --> 00:09:20,730
487
+ barrel shapeุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนู†ูŠ barrel shapeุŸ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ูŠู„ุŒ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:20,730 --> 00:09:23,830
491
+ barrel shape ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ูŠู„ุŒ ุจุฑู…ูŠู„ ููˆู‚ ุจุฑู…ูŠู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:29,250
495
+ ุจุฑุงู…ูŠู„ ููˆู‚ ุจุฑุงู…ูŠู„ุŒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุซู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:35,230
499
+ ุงู„ุฌูุณู’ุจุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒ clamidio
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:35,230 --> 00:09:39,290
503
+ conidia ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุณุชุฏูŠุฑุฉ ุฐุงุช ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุณู…ูŠูƒุฉุŒ ุชุชูƒูˆู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:39,290 --> 00:09:42,510
507
+ ู…ู† hyphae ุฃูˆ pseudohyphaeุŒ ุฅุฐู† clamidio conidia
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:42,510 --> 00:09:49,920
511
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ูƒูŠุณุŒ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุŒ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ sporesุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:49,920 --> 00:09:53,840
515
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† hyphae ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ hyphae
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:57,540
519
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ hyphaeุŒ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:57,540 --> 00:10:02,220
523
+ ุชุดูƒู„ ุนู†ุตุฑู‹ุง ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ moldุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:02,220 --> 00:10:06,340
527
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌู‡ุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:06,340 --> 00:10:10,020
531
+ ุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ sporesุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:10,020 --> 00:10:14,700
535
+ sporesุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ hyphaeุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู†ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:14,700 --> 00:10:19,060
539
+ ู†ุฑู‰ ูู†ุฌุงู† ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฑู ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:19,060 --> 00:10:22,640
543
+ ุฃูŠุงู… ุฃูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุญุจุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:28,100
547
+ ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุทู…ุงุทู… ู…ุชุนูู†ุฉุŒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนูู†ุŒ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุชูุงุญุฉุŒ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:28,100 --> 00:10:33,200
551
+ ุจุฑุชู‚ุงู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆุŸ ูุทุฑูŠุงุช
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:39,700
555
+ ูƒูŠู ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ hyphae
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:39,700 --> 00:10:46,380
559
+ ุชูƒุงุซุฑู‘ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฌู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ุดูƒู‘ู„ุช ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ hyphae
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:46,380 --> 00:10:50,610
563
+ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง myceliumุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ mycelium ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:50,610 --> 00:10:55,530
567
+ hyphaeุŒ ูˆุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู†ุชู…
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:55,530 --> 00:10:59,330
571
+ ุชุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุถุงุกุŒ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑุงุกุŒ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู…ุชุนูู†ุฉุŒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:59,330 --> 00:11:04,410
575
+ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุกุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑุงุกุŒ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:04,410 --> 00:11:09,810
579
+ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:09,810 --> 00:11:14,510
583
+ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุจูŠุถุŸ ุงู„ mycelium
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:14,510 --> 00:11:18,530
587
+ ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุจูŠุถุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฑูˆู†ู‡
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:18,530 --> 00:11:22,350
591
+ ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ ุฃุฎุถุฑุŒ ุฃุตูุฑุŒ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ sporesุŒ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:22,350 --> 00:11:26,730
595
+ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ sporesุŒ ูˆุตู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:26,730 --> 00:11:30,470
599
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏุŒ ุงุฌุนู„ูˆุง ุจุญุซู‹ุง ุจุณูŠุทู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:30,470 --> 00:11:35,090
603
+ google ุนู† spores ูˆ fungiุŒ ุณุชุฌุฏูˆู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆู†
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:38,930
607
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุฃุจูŠุถุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:38,930 --> 00:11:42,570
611
+ ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆู†ู‡ ุชุฌุฏูˆู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตูู‡ ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฎุถุฑุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฃุตูุฑ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:42,570 --> 00:11:48,390
615
+ ุฃูˆ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ mycelium ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:48,390 --> 00:11:51,570
619
+ ุงู„ hyphae ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ moldุŒ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:51,570 --> 00:11:58,230
623
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ conidiaุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู† conidiaุŸ conidia ู‡ูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:58,230 --> 00:12:02,410
627
+ ู…ุฑุงุฏู ู„ sporesุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑุงุฏูุฉ ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ sporesุŒ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:02,410 --> 00:12:05,910
631
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† spores ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† spores ููŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:05,910 --> 00:12:06,890
635
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:09,230 --> 00:12:13,960
639
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู†ุฌุฏ spores ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:19,100
643
+ macroconidiaุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ spores ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูุทุฑ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:19,100 --> 00:12:23,720
647
+ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ูู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…ุง macroconidia ูˆ microconidiaุŒ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:28,980
651
+ ุฅุฐู†ุŒ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฌู… ูˆุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุงู†ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:28,980 --> 00:12:32,300
655
+ ูˆุงู„ุญุฌู… ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุงู†ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู…ุง diagnostic featureุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:32,300 --> 00:12:36,380
659
+ diagnostic featureุŸ ุตูุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตุŒ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:36,380 --> 00:12:40,740
663
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑู ู„ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุนุŒ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:47,150 --> 00:12:56,390
667
+ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:56,390 --> 00:13:01,070
671
+ ุชุฌู…ูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ุชู‚ูˆู„: ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:01,070 --> 00:13:05,110
675
+ conidia ูˆุฃุญุฌุงู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุฎู…ุณ ู†ู‚ุงุทุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:10,290
679
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุงุŒ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:10,930 --> 00:13:13,930
683
+ ู‡ูŠ ุณู…ุงุช ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:13,930 --> 00:13:17,110
687
+ ู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉุŒ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:17,110 --> 00:13:20,630
691
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชุนุฑู ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชุญุฏุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:20,630 --> 00:13:24,570
695
+ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏุชุŒ ู…ุง ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุญุฌู…ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:24,570 --> 00:13:28,950
699
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
700
+
701
+ 223
702
+ 00:16:51,180 --> 00:16:55,580
703
+ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก diagnostic features ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
704
+
705
+ 224
706
+ 00:16:55,580 --> 00:17:01,020
707
+ ู…ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต. ูƒู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€ budding
708
+
709
+ 225
710
+ 00:17:01,020 --> 00:17:04,220
711
+ ูŠูุณุช form forming ุตุฏูˆ ู‡ุงูŠูุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
712
+
713
+ 226
714
+ 00:17:04,220 --> 00:17:07,800
715
+ indentation ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงุด ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
716
+
717
+ 227
718
+ 00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:13,380
719
+ germ tube ุงู„ู€ germ tube ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ germ tube ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
720
+
721
+ 228
722
+ 00:17:13,380 --> 00:17:16,480
723
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ candida albicans ุจุชูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ candida
724
+
725
+ 229
726
+ 00:17:16,480 --> 00:17:20,890
727
+ albicans ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
728
+
729
+ 230
730
+ 00:17:20,890 --> 00:17:24,190
731
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ candida albicans ุนู†
732
+
733
+ 231
734
+ 00:17:24,190 --> 00:17:27,110
735
+ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ candida ู„ูˆ ุนุฒู„ู†ุง candida ุดุจุงุจ ูˆ
736
+
737
+ 232
738
+ 00:17:27,110 --> 00:17:30,010
739
+ ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง albicans ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด albicans ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูุญุต
740
+
741
+ 233
742
+ 00:17:30,010 --> 00:17:34,410
743
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ germ tube test ูƒูŠู
744
+
745
+ 234
746
+ 00:17:34,410 --> 00:17:38,770
747
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ candida ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูŠุณุช ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูˆ
748
+
749
+ 235
750
+ 00:17:38,770 --> 00:17:43,620
751
+ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูŠุฑุงู…ุŒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง incubation
752
+
753
+ 236
754
+ 00:17:43,620 --> 00:17:47,700
755
+ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ ูˆุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฑุงู… ูˆู†ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰
756
+
757
+ 237
758
+ 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:51,380
759
+ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง cover slip ูˆ under the microscope ุฅุฐุง
760
+
761
+ 238
762
+ 00:17:51,380 --> 00:17:55,800
763
+ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ germ tube
764
+
765
+ 239
766
+ 00:17:55,800 --> 00:18:01,020
767
+ yeast ู…ุทู„ุนุฉ tube yeast ู…ุทู„ุนุฉ tube ูู‡ูŠ candida
768
+
769
+ 240
770
+ 00:18:01,020 --> 00:18:06,300
771
+ albicans ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ germ tube test ููŠู‡
772
+
773
+ 241
774
+ 00:18:06,300 --> 00:18:11,420
775
+ ู„ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุซุงู†ูŠ. ุงู„ู€ Candida ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ Normal Flora
776
+
777
+ 242
778
+ 00:18:11,420 --> 00:18:16,520
779
+ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ุจุดุฑ. ุทุจ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ Stool Analysis
780
+
781
+ 243
782
+ 00:18:16,520 --> 00:18:22,360
783
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุฏู‡ Normal Flora ู‡ู„
784
+
785
+ 244
786
+ 00:18:22,360 --> 00:18:27,040
787
+ ุณุชุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู… ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ microscope ุดูˆูุช ุฃู†
788
+
789
+ 245
790
+ 00:18:27,040 --> 00:18:30,820
791
+ ุชู…ูŠุจ ู‡ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ุงุชูƒ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุด Normal
792
+
793
+ 246
794
+ 00:18:30,820 --> 00:18:33,780
795
+ Microbiota ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Candida ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู€ cancel Normal
796
+
797
+ 247
798
+ 00:18:33,780 --> 00:18:37,830
799
+ Microbiota ู„ุง ุชุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹. ุทูŠุจ ุฃู†ุชู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
800
+
801
+ 248
802
+ 00:18:37,830 --> 00:18:41,070
803
+ ุฃุฎุฐุช Antibiotic ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู„ูŠ Candida
804
+
805
+ 249
806
+ 00:18:41,070 --> 00:18:45,630
807
+ Albicans ูˆุชู†ู…ูˆ ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ุŸ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุนุฑู ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ ุณุจุจู‡
808
+
809
+ 250
810
+ 00:18:45,630 --> 00:18:50,710
811
+ Candida Albicans ูˆู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง Normal FloraุŸ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฃู†ุง
812
+
813
+ 251
814
+ 00:18:50,710 --> 00:18:54,750
815
+ ุจูุญุต ุงู„ู€ stool ุดูˆูุช candida albicans ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ germ tube
816
+
817
+ 252
818
+ 00:18:54,750 --> 00:19:00,810
819
+ ูุงุนู„ู…ูˆุง ูุงุนู„ู…ูˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ the pathogenic form ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
820
+
821
+ 253
822
+ 00:19:00,810 --> 00:19:04,550
823
+ ููŠ ุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ invasive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ infection
824
+
825
+ 254
826
+ 00:19:04,550 --> 00:19:09,320
827
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุงุณุชูุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ germ tube ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ
828
+
829
+ 255
830
+ 00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:12,200
831
+ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ candida albicans ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ
832
+
833
+ 256
834
+ 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:18,380
835
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ candida ูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ pathogen ููŠ
836
+
837
+ 257
838
+ 00:19:18,380 --> 00:19:21,260
839
+ ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุฅุณู‡ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ุงู„ู€ pathogen. ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
840
+
841
+ 258
842
+ 00:19:21,260 --> 00:19:23,940
843
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hypha ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
844
+
845
+ 259
846
+ 00:19:23,940 --> 00:19:28,530
847
+ septated ููŠู‡ุง ุญูˆุงุฌุฒุŒ ูˆู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒู„ ู†ูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ
848
+
849
+ 260
850
+ 00:19:28,530 --> 00:19:32,150
851
+ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ aseptate ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ non-septated
852
+
853
+ 261
854
+ 00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:37,870
855
+ ู‡ุงูŠูุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุญูˆุงุฌุฒ ุจุฏูˆู†
856
+
857
+ 262
858
+ 00:19:37,870 --> 00:19:41,830
859
+ ุญูˆุงุฌุฒ. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุŸ ุณูŠู†ูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ู‡ุงูŠูุฉ.
860
+
861
+ 263
862
+ 00:19:41,830 --> 00:19:51,550
863
+ ุณูŠู†ูˆุณูŠุชูƒ ู‡ุงูŠูุฉ. ุทูŠุจ
864
+
865
+ 264
866
+ 00:19:53,230 --> 00:19:56,610
867
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ distinguishing characteristics
868
+
869
+ 265
870
+ 00:19:56,610 --> 00:20:00,510
871
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ู†ุทู„ุน
872
+
873
+ 266
874
+ 00:20:00,510 --> 00:20:04,050
875
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู†ุงุฎุฏูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
876
+
877
+ 267
878
+ 00:20:04,050 --> 00:20:08,730
879
+ size ุงู„ู€ candida ูˆู…ุงุฎุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Staphylococcus
880
+
881
+ 268
882
+ 00:20:08,730 --> 00:20:12,030
883
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is smaller in size ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู…
884
+
885
+ 269
886
+ 00:20:12,030 --> 00:20:17,350
887
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ candida ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆู…. ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
888
+
889
+ 270
890
+ 00:20:17,350 --> 00:20:23,380
891
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ. ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠูˆุงูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุชุฒ ูˆู„ุง ุจุฑูˆ
892
+
893
+ 271
894
+ 00:20:23,380 --> 00:20:26,500
895
+ ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุชุฒุŸ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุฑ ู…ูŠู…ุจุฑุงูŠู† ูู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠูˆุง
896
+
897
+ 272
898
+ 00:20:26,500 --> 00:20:30,740
899
+ ูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุชุŒ ุทู„ุนุช ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุฅูŠูˆุงูƒุงุฑูŠูˆุช. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ
900
+
901
+ 273
902
+ 00:20:30,740 --> 00:20:35,100
903
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹. ู„ูŠุด ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
904
+
905
+ 274
906
+ 00:20:35,100 --> 00:20:38,260
907
+ Antifungal ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฃู‚ูˆู„ Antibiotics ููŠ
908
+
909
+ 275
910
+ 00:20:38,260 --> 00:20:40,840
911
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุตุญุŸ Antibiotics ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
912
+
913
+ 276
914
+ 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:45,020
915
+ Antifungal. ููŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠุฌูŠุŒ ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
916
+
917
+ 277
918
+ 00:20:45,020 --> 00:20:49,020
919
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ antibacterials ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ
920
+
921
+ 278
922
+ 00:20:49,020 --> 00:20:52,340
923
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Antifungal ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุทุจูŠุฉ ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 279
926
+ 00:20:52,340 --> 00:20:54,140
927
+ ุนู„ุงุฌูŠุฉุŸ
928
+
929
+ 280
930
+ 00:20:55,830 --> 00:20:59,390
931
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ููŠ similarities ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
932
+
933
+ 281
934
+ 00:20:59,390 --> 00:21:02,770
935
+ pathogen ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ similarities ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
936
+
937
+ 282
938
+ 00:21:02,770 --> 00:21:07,370
939
+ pathogen ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ host ุงุญู†ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† eukaryotes ุชุฎูŠู„
940
+
941
+ 283
942
+ 00:21:07,370 --> 00:21:12,710
943
+ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุนุช drug ุจูŠุณุชู‡ุฏู ุงู„ู€ 40S ribosomal sub
944
+
945
+ 284
946
+ 00:21:12,710 --> 00:21:17,030
947
+ unit ูˆุจูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠู‚ุชู„ ู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงูƒ
948
+
949
+ 285
950
+ 00:21:17,030 --> 00:21:20,950
951
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ protein synthesis ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 286
954
+ 00:21:20,950 --> 00:21:25,970
955
+ selective toxicity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุถู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ ููŠ
956
+
957
+ 287
958
+ 00:21:25,970 --> 00:21:30,970
959
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุณุชู‡ุฏู ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑ
960
+
961
+ 288
962
+ 00:21:30,970 --> 00:21:35,810
963
+ ูˆู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู†ุงุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ cell wall ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑ
964
+
965
+ 289
966
+ 00:21:35,810 --> 00:21:39,920
967
+ ูˆู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง. ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹
968
+
969
+ 290
970
+ 00:21:39,920 --> 00:21:44,620
971
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูˆู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
972
+
973
+ 291
974
+ 00:21:44,620 --> 00:21:49,840
975
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ergosterol ุงู„ู€
976
+
977
+ 292
978
+ 00:21:49,840 --> 00:21:53,240
979
+ ergosterol ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„. ูููŠ drugs ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
980
+
981
+ 293
982
+ 00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:56,360
983
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ูู‚ุทุŸ ุงู„ู€ ergosterol. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
984
+
985
+ 294
986
+ 00:21:56,360 --> 00:22:01,700
987
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ุฒูŠ ูˆุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ eukaryote ููŠ
988
+
989
+ 295
990
+ 00:22:01,700 --> 00:22:04,600
991
+ mitochondria ุฃูˆ ููŠ endoplasmic reticulum ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ
992
+
993
+ 296
994
+ 00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:06,680
995
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู…ุด
996
+
997
+ 297
998
+ 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:10,670
999
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ. ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ููŠู‡ ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ ู…ุด
1000
+
1001
+ 298
1002
+ 00:22:10,670 --> 00:22:15,310
1003
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ู€ mycobacteria
1004
+
1005
+ 299
1006
+ 00:22:15,310 --> 00:22:19,750
1007
+ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง. ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ. ุงู„ู€ cell wall content ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 300
1010
+ 00:22:19,750 --> 00:22:23,150
1011
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงูŠุชูŠู† ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุจุชูŠุฏูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 301
1014
+ 00:22:23,150 --> 00:22:26,870
1015
+ ุบู„ุงูŠูƒุงู†. ุจุณ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถูŠู ูƒู…ุงู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงูŠุชูŠู† ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1016
+
1017
+ 302
1018
+ 00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:30,370
1019
+ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 303
1022
+ 00:22:30,370 --> 00:22:35,930
1023
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ beta-glucan. beta-glucan ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 304
1026
+ 00:22:35,930 --> 00:22:39,990
1027
+ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง. ุงู„ู€ spores sexual
1028
+
1029
+ 305
1030
+ 00:22:39,990 --> 00:22:43,630
1031
+ or asexual spores for reproduction. ุงู„ู€ endospores
1032
+
1033
+ 306
1034
+ 00:22:43,630 --> 00:22:46,950
1035
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง for survival. ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡
1036
+
1037
+ 307
1038
+ 00:22:46,950 --> 00:22:50,130
1039
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง for survival but not for
1040
+
1041
+ 308
1042
+ 00:22:50,130 --> 00:22:53,570
1043
+ reproduction. thermal dimorphism ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 309
1046
+ 00:22:53,570 --> 00:22:56,930
1047
+ thermal dimorphism ูˆุถุญุชุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1048
+
1049
+ 310
1050
+ 00:22:56,930 --> 00:22:59,010
1051
+ environmental temperature ุงู„ู€ ambient temperature
1052
+
1053
+ 311
1054
+ 00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:02,410
1055
+ they are mold ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ host temperature they are
1056
+
1057
+ 312
1058
+ 00:23:02,410 --> 00:23:07,110
1059
+ yeast. ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง dimorphism ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 313
1062
+ 00:23:07,110 --> 00:23:11,210
1063
+ ุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง thermal dimorphism ู‡ุฐู‡
1064
+
1065
+ 314
1066
+ 00:23:11,210 --> 00:23:14,230
1067
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง. ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ
1068
+
1069
+ 315
1070
+ 00:23:14,230 --> 00:23:21,250
1071
+ ุงู„ู€ metabolism ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช requires organic carbon no
1072
+
1073
+ 316
1074
+ 00:23:21,250 --> 00:23:25,610
1075
+ obligate anaerobic. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ. ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุง
1076
+
1077
+ 317
1078
+ 00:23:25,610 --> 00:23:32,230
1079
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุฃูŠ ุตู†ู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† obligate
1080
+
1081
+ 318
1082
+ 00:23:32,230 --> 00:23:36,570
1083
+ anaerobeุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง aerobic and facultative anaerobeุŒ
1084
+
1085
+ 319
1086
+ 00:23:36,570 --> 00:23:39,810
1087
+ ุฃู…ุง aerobic ุฃูˆ facultative anaerobeุŒ but not
1088
+
1089
+ 320
1090
+ 00:23:39,810 --> 00:23:44,090
1091
+ obligate anaerobe. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 321
1094
+ 00:23:44,090 --> 00:23:49,070
1095
+ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูˆุฃู„ูˆุงู† ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉุŒ ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง photosynthetic
1096
+
1097
+ 322
1098
+ 00:23:49,070 --> 00:23:52,930
1099
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตู†ุน ุบุฐุงุฆู‡ุง ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ blue
1100
+
1101
+ 323
1102
+ 00:23:52,930 --> 00:23:57,430
1103
+ green algae ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณูŠู†ูˆุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ autotrophุŒ
1104
+
1105
+ 324
1106
+ 00:23:57,430 --> 00:24:01,510
1107
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง heterotrophุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 325
1110
+ 00:24:03,250 --> 00:24:06,390
1111
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ yeast and mold ู„ู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ู„ูƒู… ููŠ
1112
+
1113
+ 326
1114
+ 00:24:06,390 --> 00:24:09,470
1115
+ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ yeast grow as single cells that
1116
+
1117
+ 327
1118
+ 00:24:09,470 --> 00:24:13,250
1119
+ reproduce by asexual budding. ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mold ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1120
+
1121
+ 328
1122
+ 00:24:13,250 --> 00:24:16,610
1123
+ hypha ูˆ mycelium. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡. ูู‡ู…ุชูˆุง ุดุฆู†ู‡ ุฃู†
1124
+
1125
+ 329
1126
+ 00:24:16,610 --> 00:24:21,230
1127
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช ููŠู‡ ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„. ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุณุฑูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ
1128
+
1129
+ 330
1130
+ 00:24:21,230 --> 00:24:26,670
1131
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ู…ูƒู… ูƒุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ microbiology
1132
+
1133
+ 331
1134
+ 00:24:30,810 --> 00:24:36,530
1135
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูˆููŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 332
1138
+ 00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:40,090
1139
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู
1140
+
1141
+ 333
1142
+ 00:24:40,090 --> 00:24:44,310
1143
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ ูˆูƒูŠู ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูƒ pathogenesis ุตุญ
1144
+
1145
+ 334
1146
+ 00:24:44,310 --> 00:24:48,770
1147
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุจู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆุณุน
1148
+
1149
+ 335
1150
+ 00:24:48,770 --> 00:24:52,310
1151
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ. ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ู†ูุณู‡ุง
1152
+
1153
+ 336
1154
+ 00:24:52,310 --> 00:24:56,660
1155
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุดุฑูˆู… ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฌูˆุฌู„ู†ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงู†ูŠุชุง
1156
+
1157
+ 337
1158
+ 00:24:56,660 --> 00:25:02,800
1159
+ ู…ุดุฑูˆู…. ุฃู…ุงู†ูŠุชุง ู…ุดุฑูˆู… ุฃู…ุงู†ูŠุชุง ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1160
+
1161
+ 338
1162
+ 00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:07,780
1163
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฏูŠุŸ ุฃู…ุงู†ูŠุชุง ู…ุดุฑูˆู… ุณูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ูƒู… ุตูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฑูˆุน ู…ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 339
1166
+ 00:25:07,780 --> 00:25:14,460
1167
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ุงู‹ ุฌู…ุงู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู†ูŠุŒ ุจุณ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช
1168
+
1169
+ 340
1170
+ 00:25:14,460 --> 00:25:19,920
1171
+ don't eat me. ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุชูู‡ู… ู„ุบุฉ ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ุจุชุนุฑู ุฏูุงู‚ุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 341
1174
+ 00:25:19,920 --> 00:25:25,740
1175
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฏูุงู‚ุฉ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ุฏูุงู‚ุฉ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ. ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰
1176
+
1177
+ 342
1178
+ 00:25:25,740 --> 00:25:32,480
1179
+ ุงู„ุณู…ูˆู…ุŒ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณู…ูˆู…. ูุงู„ุงู„ูˆุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช
1180
+
1181
+ 343
1182
+ 00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:36,720
1183
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุจุชูู‡ู…ู‡ุงุŒ don't eat me.
1184
+
1185
+ 344
1186
+ 00:25:36,720 --> 00:25:41,280
1187
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุจู†ุญุจ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆุจู†ุชุบู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ุŒ ูู„ู…ุง
1188
+
1189
+ 345
1190
+ 00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:45,930
1191
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฐูŠุฐุฉุŒ ุจู†ุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ูู€ it is very
1192
+
1193
+ 346
1194
+ 00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:49,250
1195
+ toxic ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒู„ู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุชุญุช ู…ูŠู†ุŸ food
1196
+
1197
+ 347
1198
+ 00:25:49,250 --> 00:25:55,270
1199
+ poisoningุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุณู…ู…ุฉ. ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง
1200
+
1201
+ 348
1202
+ 00:25:55,270 --> 00:26:00,030
1203
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃู„ุฑุฌูŠุŒ ุฃู†ุชู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
1204
+
1205
+ 349
1206
+ 00:26:00,030 --> 00:26:03,710
1207
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุจุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญ. ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒุฃู†ู‡
1208
+
1209
+ 350
1210
+ 00:26:03,710 --> 00:26:06,890
1211
+ influenza ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ.. ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุฃูƒู„
1212
+
1213
+ 351
1214
+ 00:26:06,890 --> 00:26:09,810
1215
+ ุฃูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ. ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ุจูŠุฌุฑู‘ุณู‡ ู†ุญู„ุฉุŒ
1216
+
1217
+ 352
1218
+ 00:26:09,810 --> 00:26:16,410
1219
+ ู†ู…ู„ุฉุŒ ุจุนูˆุถุฉุŒ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุฅูŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠู„ุจุณ ุตูˆูุŒ ุจูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
1220
+
1221
+ 353
1222
+ 00:26:16,410 --> 00:26:20,610
1223
+ ุบุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ drugsุŒ
1224
+
1225
+ 354
1226
+ 00:26:20,610 --> 00:26:25,590
1227
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ allergy. ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุจุชุณุจุจ
1228
+
1229
+ 355
1230
+ 00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:30,340
1231
+ allergyุŸ ู†ุนู… ุจุชุณุจุจ allergy ูˆุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌูŠ ุจู…ุง ูŠุดุจู‡
1232
+
1233
+ 356
1234
+ 00:26:30,340 --> 00:26:34,680
1235
+ ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชู†ุดู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู€ spores ุชุจุน
1236
+
1237
+ 357
1238
+ 00:26:34,680 --> 00:26:40,700
1239
+ ุงู„ู€ aspergillus ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1240
+
1241
+ 358
1242
+ 00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:45,280
1243
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ asthmatic reaction.
1244
+
1245
+ 359
1246
+ 00:26:47,260 --> 00:26:50,480
1247
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ skin testุŒ ุฅูŠุด skin testุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 360
1250
+ 00:26:50,480 --> 00:26:55,040
1251
+ ุงู„ู€ extract ุชุจุน ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ูˆุญู‚ุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1252
+
1253
+ 361
1254
+ 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:59,700
1255
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู€ induration ูˆุงู„ู€ redness ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ..
1256
+
1257
+ 362
1258
+ 00:26:59,700 --> 00:27:02,420
1259
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู… ุซุงู†ูŠ wheel and flare reaction. wheel
1260
+
1261
+ 363
1262
+ 00:27:02,420 --> 00:27:05,680
1263
+ and flare reaction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุญู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุชูุงุฎ ู‡ุฐุง
1264
+
1265
+ 364
1266
+ 00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:10,920
1267
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ hypersensitivity
1268
+
1269
+ 365
1270
+ 00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:16,670
1271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุณุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช. ุทูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1272
+
1273
+ 366
1274
+ 00:27:16,670 --> 00:27:20,430
1275
+ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉุŒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚
1276
+
1277
+ 367
1278
+ 00:27:20,430 --> 00:27:26,390
1279
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ูุญุตุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ูุญุตุŒ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูƒู… ูุญุต ุจุนู…ู„ู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 368
1282
+ 00:27:26,390 --> 00:27:31,430
1283
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุณุจุนูŠู† ูุญุตุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุฅูŠุฏู‡
1284
+
1285
+ 369
1286
+ 00:27:31,430 --> 00:27:38,570
1287
+ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ุนู„ุจุฉ kit ููŠู‡ allergens ู…ุณุชุฎู„ุตุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 370
1290
+ 00:27:38,570 --> 00:27:46,830
1291
+ ู…ู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุบุจุงุฑุŒ ุญุจูˆุจ ู„ู‚ุงุญุŒ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 371
1294
+ 00:27:46,830 --> 00:27:51,530
1295
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉุŒ ุตูˆูุŒ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑูุŒ ู…ุณุชุฎู„ุตุงุช ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ุตู ุฃูˆ
1296
+
1297
+ 372
1298
+ 00:27:51,530 --> 00:27:57,250
1299
+ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุนุฏุฏุŒ ุงู„ูุนูˆุตุงุช ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ ู…ู† ูุทุฑูŠุงุช. ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†
1300
+
1301
+ 373
1302
+ 00:27:57,250 --> 00:28:02,370
1303
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1304
+
1305
+ 374
1306
+ 00:28:02,370 --> 00:28:02,530
1307
+ allergic
1308
+
1309
+ 375
1310
+ 00:28:06,690 --> 00:28:10,630
1311
+ ุญุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ aspergillus. ุงู„ู€ ุฃู…ุงู†ูŠุชุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1312
+
1313
+ 376
1314
+ 00:28:10,630 --> 00:28:14,430
1315
+ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†. ู„ูˆ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง. ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงุณู…ู‡
1316
+
1317
+ 377
1318
+ 00:28:14,430 --> 00:28:18,910
1319
+ ุฃูู„ุง ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†. ุฃูู„ุง ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃูู„ุง ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู…
1320
+
1321
+ 378
1322
+ 00:28:18,910 --> 00:28:21,670
1323
+ ุชู†ุชุฌู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ aspergillus ุงุณู…ู‡ aspergillus
1324
+
1325
+ 379
1326
+ 00:28:21,670 --> 00:28:25,530
1327
+ flavus ูˆ aspergillus parasiticus. ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุณ ู…ุด
1328
+
1329
+ 380
1330
+ 00:28:25,530 --> 00:28:30,170
1331
+ ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† can produce liver
1332
+
1333
+ 381
1334
+ 00:28:30,170 --> 00:28:34,490
1335
+ damage. liver damage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1336
+
1337
+ 382
1338
+ 00:28:34,490 --> 00:28:42,860
1339
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ. ูƒูŠูุŸ ุจูŠุชุญูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ epoxide
1340
+
1341
+ 383
1342
+ 00:28:42,860 --> 00:28:47,860
1343
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ epoxide ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ CarcinogenุŒ ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 384
1346
+ 00:28:47,860 --> 00:28:54,140
1347
+ ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ู€ carcinogenesis ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ aflatoxin ุจูŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 385
1350
+ 00:28:54,140 --> 00:28:59,760
1351
+ ูŠูุญุฏุซ mutation ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ p53 tumor
1352
+
1353
+ 386
1354
+ 00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:03,180
1355
+ suppressor gene. ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ tumor suppressor geneุŸ
1356
+
1357
+ 387
1358
+ 00:29:03,710 --> 00:29:09,490
1359
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ suppression ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€
1360
+
1361
+ 388
1362
+ 00:29:09,490 --> 00:29:13,330
1363
+ tumors. ุทุจ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ mutation ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู„ูƒู†
1364
+
1365
+ 389
1366
+ 00:29:13,330 --> 00:29:15,070
1367
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ suppression
1368
+
1369
+ 390
1370
+ 00:29:15,070 --> 00:29:20,150
1371
+ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู€ tumors ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tumors ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1372
+
1373
+ 391
1374
+ 00:29:20,150 --> 00:29:24,890
1375
+ ุงู„ุขู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถุฉ. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุฃูƒู„ู†ุง aflatoxin ุดุฆู†ุง ุฃู…
1376
+
1377
+ 392
1378
+ 00:29:24,890 --> 00:29:30,520
1379
+ ุฃุจูŠู†ุงุŒ ุฃูƒู„ู†ุง aflatoxin ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
1380
+
1381
+ 393
1382
+ 00:29:30,520 --> 00:29:34,960
1383
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุนู…ู„ุช ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุฎูˆุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ููŠ
1384
+
1385
+ 394
1386
+ 00:29:34,960 -->
1387
+
1388
+ 445
1389
+ 00:33:24,310 --> 00:33:27,230
1390
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฏูƒ ุจูŠุฏูƒ
1391
+
1392
+ 446
1393
+ 00:33:27,230 --> 00:33:30,770
1394
+ practice ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุฌู„ุฉ
1395
+
1396
+ 447
1397
+ 00:33:30,770 --> 00:33:33,710
1398
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุฒู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุนู„ู‰
1399
+
1400
+ 448
1401
+ 00:33:33,710 --> 00:33:37,070
1402
+ ุงู„ููŠุณุจูˆูƒุŒ ูŠุงุฑูŠุช ุชุณู…ุนูˆู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏุŒ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู…
1403
+
1404
+ 449
1405
+ 00:33:37,070 --> 00:33:41,370
1406
+ ู…ุด ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ
1407
+
1408
+ 450
1409
+ 00:33:41,370 --> 00:33:45,240
1410
+ ู„ูƒู„ู‘ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ my college ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชูุงู‚ู†ุง
1411
+
1412
+ 451
1413
+ 00:33:45,240 --> 00:33:51,600
1414
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠุด ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุงุชุด ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูˆุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู…ู†
1415
+
1416
+ 452
1417
+ 00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:57,600
1418
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ direct microscopyุŒ ูˆูŠู†
1419
+
1420
+ 453
1421
+ 00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:02,640
1422
+ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู€ direct microscopy ูŠุฎุฏู… ู…ุฑุงุฏูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุง
1423
+
1424
+ 454
1425
+ 00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:07,600
1426
+ ุดุฎุตูŠุง ุงุชุทู„ู‚ุช ููŠ ุดุบู„... ููŠ... ููŠ ุชุฏุฑูŠุจูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุทุงู„ุจ
1427
+
1428
+ 455
1429
+ 00:34:07,600 --> 00:34:10,800
1430
+ ู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ capsule
1431
+
1432
+ 456
1433
+ 00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:14,200
1434
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ crypto... ุงู„ู€ Cryptococcus neoformans ูƒู†ุง
1435
+
1436
+ 457
1437
+ 00:34:14,200 --> 00:34:18,040
1438
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ CSF ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ CSF ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌูŠู†ุง ูŠุง ู…ุง
1439
+
1440
+ 458
1441
+ 00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:21,040
1442
+ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑุฏ ู…ู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠ
1443
+
1444
+ 459
1445
+ 00:34:21,040 --> 00:34:27,210
1446
+ ุงู„ูู„ุจูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ India InkุŒ ู…ุด ูƒูŠูˆุชุดุŒ ุนููˆุง ุงู„ู€ India
1447
+
1448
+ 460
1449
+ 00:34:27,210 --> 00:34:30,210
1450
+ Ink ู„ู€... ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ... ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ India Ink ุจุฑุถู‡ Direct
1451
+
1452
+ 461
1453
+ 00:34:30,210 --> 00:34:33,910
1454
+ MicroscopyุŒ ู†ุญุท ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ CSF ูˆู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ India
1455
+
1456
+ 462
1457
+ 00:34:33,910 --> 00:34:36,310
1458
+ InkุŒ MixุŒ ูˆ Cover Slip ูˆุญุทู‡ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู€ microscope
1459
+
1460
+ 463
1461
+ 00:34:36,310 --> 00:34:39,950
1462
+ ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ุฅุฐุง Cryptococcus ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠู†ูŠ
1463
+
1464
+ 464
1465
+ 00:34:39,950 --> 00:34:46,250
1466
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูƒูŠู ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1467
+
1468
+ 465
1469
+ 00:34:46,250 --> 00:34:50,470
1470
+ ุจุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุถุนุงู ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุถุนุงูุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุงู„ุฉ
1471
+
1472
+ 466
1473
+ 00:34:50,470 --> 00:34:54,470
1474
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ู…ุด ูุงูƒุฑ ุฃู† ู…ุด ุงู„ู€
1475
+
1476
+ 467
1477
+ 00:34:54,470 --> 00:34:58,610
1478
+ India ink ุฃุตู„ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
1479
+
1480
+ 468
1481
+ 00:34:58,610 --> 00:35:02,650
1482
+ ูุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Cryptococcus neoformans ู‡ูŠ
1483
+
1484
+ 469
1485
+ 00:35:02,650 --> 00:35:07,130
1486
+ yeast ุฃูˆ capsulated yeastุŒ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ size
1487
+
1488
+ 470
1489
+ 00:35:07,130 --> 00:35:11,790
1490
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฃุซู†ุงุก
1491
+
1492
+ 471
1493
+ 00:35:11,790 --> 00:35:18,030
1494
+ ุงู„ุงุณูุฑูŠูˆู„ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ Coccidioides immitisุŒ ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุฏุณ
1495
+
1496
+ 472
1497
+ 00:35:18,030 --> 00:35:22,710
1498
+ ุฅูŠู…ูŠุชุณ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ filamentousุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
1499
+
1500
+ 473
1501
+ 00:35:22,710 --> 00:35:27,250
1502
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงุณูุฑูŠูˆู„ุŒ ุฒูŠ ุจุชุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูู‡ู…ูŠู†
1503
+
1504
+ 474
1505
+ 00:35:27,250 --> 00:35:32,370
1506
+ ุงู„ุงุณูุฑูŠูˆู„ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุง
1507
+
1508
+ 475
1509
+ 00:35:33,640 --> 00:35:37,300
1510
+ ูƒุงู†ุช elementary bodyุŒ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
1511
+
1512
+ 476
1513
+ 00:35:37,300 --> 00:35:41,360
1514
+ differentiation ุฅู„ู‰ spheruleุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€ spherule
1515
+
1516
+ 477
1517
+ 00:35:41,360 --> 00:35:45,660
1518
+ ุชุดูƒู„ุช ุงู„ู€ reticulate body ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง maturation ู„ู€
1519
+
1520
+ 478
1521
+ 00:35:45,660 --> 00:35:50,360
1522
+ elementary bodyุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ูŠ ูุงูƒุฑ ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง
1523
+
1524
+ 479
1525
+ 00:35:50,360 --> 00:35:51,880
1526
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุฃุตู„ุง
1527
+
1528
+ 480
1529
+ 00:35:54,550 --> 00:35:59,030
1530
+ ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ spherules
1531
+
1532
+ 481
1533
+ 00:35:59,030 --> 00:36:01,890
1534
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠุฏูŠูˆ... Coccidioides immitisุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
1535
+
1536
+ 482
1537
+ 00:36:01,890 --> 00:36:04,970
1538
+ capsule ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุจุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณ ู†ูŠูˆ ููˆุฑ ู…ุงู†ุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1539
+
1540
+ 483
1541
+ 00:36:04,970 --> 00:36:08,740
1542
+ spinal fluidุŒ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุจุบุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุญู„ูˆุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡
1543
+
1544
+ 484
1545
+ 00:36:08,740 --> 00:36:12,280
1546
+ ...ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1547
+
1548
+ 485
1549
+ 00:36:12,280 --> 00:36:15,220
1550
+ Calcofluor white ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† fluorescent dye
1551
+
1552
+ 486
1553
+ 00:36:15,220 --> 00:36:18,360
1554
+ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท specifically ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cell wall ุชุจุน ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช
1555
+
1556
+ 487
1557
+ 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:22,320
1558
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉุŒ ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
1559
+
1560
+ 488
1561
+ 00:36:22,320 --> 00:36:25,860
1562
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุทุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ... ุฏูˆู† ุนู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1563
+
1564
+ 489
1565
+ 00:36:25,860 --> 00:36:30,180
1566
+ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุจุบุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€
1567
+
1568
+ 490
1569
+ 00:36:30,180 --> 00:36:34,340
1570
+ Gomori methenamine silver ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ diagnosisุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1571
+
1572
+ 491
1573
+ 00:36:34,340 --> 00:36:37,100
1574
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง to ุงู„ู€ histopathology ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1575
+
1576
+ 492
1577
+ 00:36:37,100 --> 00:36:45,740
1578
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ microscopy
1579
+
1580
+ 493
1581
+ 00:36:45,740 --> 00:36:49,460
1582
+ Culture: Sabouraud dextrose agar is the most
1583
+
1584
+ 494
1585
+ 00:36:49,460 --> 00:36:52,820
1586
+ famous, most common ู„ู„ medical mycology ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡
1587
+
1588
+ 495
1589
+ 00:36:53,900 --> 00:36:57,220
1590
+ ูˆู…ูŠุฒุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1591
+
1592
+ 496
1593
+ 00:36:57,220 --> 00:37:00,040
1594
+ inhibition ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ inhibition
1595
+
1596
+ 497
1597
+ 00:37:00,040 --> 00:37:05,540
1598
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง are fast growerุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง
1599
+
1600
+ 498
1601
+ 00:37:05,540 --> 00:37:08,800
1602
+ ูุทุฑ ู…ุน ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ูˆุณุทุŒ ุจูŠู†ุงู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ
1603
+
1604
+ 499
1605
+ 00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:13,440
1606
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆู‡ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1607
+
1608
+ 500
1609
+ 00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:19,140
1610
+ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ู„ู† ุชู†ู…ูˆุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ slow growerุŒ ูุจุฏูŠ ูˆุณุท ูŠุนู…ู„
1611
+
1612
+ 501
1613
+ 00:37:19,140 --> 00:37:24,620
1614
+ ุชุซุจูŠุท ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูุจูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด
1615
+
1616
+ 502
1617
+ 00:37:24,620 --> 00:37:27,700
1618
+ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุซุจูŠุท ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ pH
1619
+
1620
+ 503
1621
+ 00:37:27,700 --> 00:37:31,680
1622
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุŒ ูˆูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1623
+
1624
+ 504
1625
+ 00:37:31,680 --> 00:37:36,760
1626
+ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ pH ู…ู†ุฎูุถุŒ ูˆูŠุถุงู ู„ู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†
1627
+
1628
+ 505
1629
+ 00:37:36,760 --> 00:37:39,880
1630
+ chloramphenicol ูˆ cyclohexamideุŒ ูˆ there are two
1631
+
1632
+ 506
1633
+ 00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:43,900
1634
+ drugs ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ food microbiology
1635
+
1636
+ 507
1637
+ 00:37:43,900 --> 00:37:46,820
1638
+ ู„ู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฑุณูˆุง food microbiologyุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
1639
+
1640
+ 508
1641
+ 00:37:46,820 --> 00:37:51,830
1642
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ yeast and mold countุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ yeast and mold
1643
+
1644
+ 509
1645
+ 00:37:51,830 --> 00:37:55,850
1646
+ countุŒ ุฌุฒุก ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ structure ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ ุชุจุน
1647
+
1648
+ 510
1649
+ 00:37:55,850 --> 00:37:58,390
1650
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู†ุถุงู ุฃู†ุชูŠุจุงุชูŠูƒ to inhibit the growth
1651
+
1652
+ 511
1653
+ 00:37:58,390 --> 00:38:01,470
1654
+ of ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
1655
+
1656
+ 512
1657
+ 00:38:01,470 --> 00:38:05,090
1658
+ chloramphenicol ูˆุงู„ู€ cyclohexamideุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ
1659
+
1660
+ 513
1661
+ 00:38:05,090 --> 00:38:09,310
1662
+ autoclavableุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุณุชูŽ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ู„ู‚ ู…ู†
1663
+
1664
+ 514
1665
+ 00:38:09,310 --> 00:38:13,150
1666
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ sterilization ุจุงู„ู€ autoclaveุŒ ุฅุฐุง
1667
+
1668
+ 515
1669
+ 00:38:13,150 --> 00:38:17,450
1670
+ ุงู„ู€ Sabouraud dextrose agar ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจูƒุซุฑุฉุŒ ู…ุด
1671
+
1672
+ 516
1673
+ 00:38:17,450 --> 00:38:20,330
1674
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุจูƒุซุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…
1675
+
1676
+ 517
1677
+ 00:38:20,330 --> 00:38:23,790
1678
+ ุงู„ู€ potato dextrose agarุŒ ูˆุงู†ุถุงู ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุจูŠุชูƒู…
1679
+
1680
+ 518
1681
+ 00:38:23,790 --> 00:38:28,840
1682
+ ูˆูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุจุฃุณ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ DNA techniques ุฃู†ุชู… ูƒู„ูƒู…
1683
+
1684
+ 519
1685
+ 00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:33,800
1686
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู€ DNA probesุŒ PCRุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† hybridizationุŒ ูˆ
1687
+
1688
+ 520
1689
+ 00:38:33,800 --> 00:38:39,420
1690
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ is widely accepted ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ shortening ู„ู€
1691
+
1692
+ 521
1693
+ 00:38:39,420 --> 00:38:42,440
1694
+ ุงู„ู€ diagnostic periodุŒ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ
1695
+
1696
+ 522
1697
+ 00:38:42,440 --> 00:38:46,380
1698
+ ุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุขุฎุฐ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
1699
+
1700
+ 523
1701
+ 00:38:46,380 --> 00:38:50,460
1702
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ DNA
1703
+
1704
+ 524
1705
+ 00:38:50,460 --> 00:38:53,160
1706
+ techniqueุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ
1707
+
1708
+ 525
1709
+ 00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:58,760
1710
+ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ุŒ ููŠ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ูุญุต ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠุฏูŠูˆูŠุฏุณ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆ
1711
+
1712
+ 526
1713
+ 00:38:58,760 --> 00:39:03,300
1714
+ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆู…ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุจุชูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุŒ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุจุชูˆ
1715
+
1716
+ 527
1717
+ 00:39:03,300 --> 00:39:08,380
1718
+ ูƒูˆูƒุณ ู†ูŠูˆููˆุฑู…ุงู†ุณุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู„ุณู‡ ุงุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
1719
+
1720
+ 528
1721
+ 00:39:08,380 --> 00:39:13,440
1722
+ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ู€ India Ink ููŠ ุงู„ู€ CSFุŒ ุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
1723
+
1724
+ 529
1725
+ 00:39:13,440 --> 00:39:17,040
1726
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ุŒ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุนุฑุตู†ุง ุงู„ู€ bacteriology ูƒู†ุง
1727
+
1728
+ 530
1729
+ 00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:21,910
1730
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌุงูŠุชุณุŒ
1731
+
1732
+ 531
1733
+ 00:39:21,910 --> 00:39:24,870
1734
+ ุนู† ู‡ุงูŠู…ูˆููŠู„ูˆุณ ุงู†ููˆู„ู†ุฒุงุŒ ุนู† ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆูƒูˆูƒุณ
1735
+
1736
+ 532
1737
+ 00:39:24,870 --> 00:39:28,410
1738
+ ู†ูŠูˆู…ูˆู†ูŠุงุŒ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌุงูŠุชุณุŒ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„
1739
+
1740
+ 533
1741
+ 00:39:28,410 --> 00:39:31,570
1742
+ ุงู„ู…ูู…ูุซู„ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุจุจูˆุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠู†ุฌุงูŠุชุณุŒ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูู…ูุซู„
1743
+
1744
+ 534
1745
+ 00:39:31,570 --> 00:39:35,010
1746
+ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู† ู„ู‡ู… capsuleุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ capsuleุŒ
1747
+
1748
+ 535
1749
+ 00:39:35,010 --> 00:39:39,130
1750
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃุดุฎุตู‡ุงุŒ ุฃุดุฎุต ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ุณูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ
1751
+
1752
+ 536
1753
+ 00:39:40,470 --> 00:39:44,730
1754
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ุช diagnoses ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„
1755
+
1756
+ 537
1757
+ 00:39:44,730 --> 00:39:48,670
1758
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง diagnoses
1759
+
1760
+ 538
1761
+ 00:39:48,670 --> 00:39:53,810
1762
+ ุจุงู„ู€ Latex Agglutination TestุŒ Latex Agglutination
1763
+
1764
+ 539
1765
+ 00:39:53,810 --> 00:40:01,670
1766
+ TestุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆุงุถุน ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุงู„ู€
1767
+
1768
+ 540
1769
+ 00:40:01,670 --> 00:40:07,010
1770
+ serology ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
1771
+
1772
+ 541
1773
+ 00:40:07,010 --> 00:40:13,310
1774
+ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† 100% ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‘
1775
+
1776
+ 542
1777
+ 00:40:13,310 --> 00:40:17,150
1778
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ antibody ููŠู‡
1779
+
1780
+ 543
1781
+ 00:40:17,150 --> 00:40:21,030
1782
+ ุฅุดูƒุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„... ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุนุดุงู†
1783
+
1784
+ 544
1785
+ 00:40:21,030 --> 00:40:24,410
1786
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ diagnosis ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ increase
1787
+
1788
+ 545
1789
+ 00:40:24,410 --> 00:40:29,110
1790
+ in ุฃูˆ rise in antibody ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฌุฏู‘ูŠุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ four
1791
+
1792
+ 546
1793
+ 00:40:29,830 --> 00:40:33,810
1794
+ fourfoldุŒ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุถุนุงูุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1795
+
1796
+ 547
1797
+ 00:40:33,810 --> 00:40:37,010
1798
+ ุฌุงูŠ ุนู†ู‡ ุณู…ู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bacteriologyุŒ Retrospective
1799
+
1800
+ 548
1801
+ 00:40:37,010 --> 00:40:42,650
1802
+ diagnosisุŒ ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุจุฃุซุฑ ุฑุฌุนูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
1803
+
1804
+ 549
1805
+ 00:40:42,650 --> 00:40:46,530
1806
+ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู„ู„ู€ epidemiological reasonุŒ ู…ู† ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1807
+
1808
+ 550
1809
+ 00:40:46,530 --> 00:40:49,210
1810
+ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ complement
1811
+
1812
+ 551
1813
+ 00:40:49,210 --> 00:40:53,690
1814
+ fixationุŒ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ู„ูƒูˆูƒุณูŠุฏูŠูˆู…ูŠูƒูˆุณุณ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆ
1815
+
1816
+ 552
1817
+ 00:40:53,690 --> 00:40:59,000
1818
+ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูˆุณุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูˆู…ุงูŠูƒูˆุณุณุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skin testุŒ ู…ุด
1819
+
1820
+ 553
1821
+ 00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:01,500
1822
+ ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุณูุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูƒุงู†... ุญุทูˆุงุŒ ุฃุถูŠููˆุง
1823
+
1824
+ 554
1825
+ 00:41:01,500 --> 00:41:04,400
1826
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฌู…ู„ุฉ skin testุŒ ููŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1827
+
1828
+ 555
1829
+ 00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:10,260
1830
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง skin testุŒ ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ diagnoses ุตุงุฑูˆุงุŸ
1831
+
1832
+ 556
1833
+ 00:41:10,260 --> 00:41:14,660
1834
+ ูˆูŠู† ุชู„ู‚ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุนุฏู‘ุŒ ุทุจ ุนุฏู‘ุŒ ู„ุฃ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนุฏู‘ ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุงู„ู€
1835
+
1836
+ 557
1837
+ 00:41:14,660 --> 00:41:19,650
1838
+ diagnoses microscopy directุŒ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ KOH ูˆ India
1839
+
1840
+ 558
1841
+ 00:41:19,650 --> 00:41:23,630
1842
+ Ink ูˆ Gomori methenamine silverุŒ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ู€ CalcofluorุŒ ุตุญุŸ
1843
+
1844
+ 559
1845
+ 00:41:23,630 --> 00:41:26,530
1846
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฏุงูŠุฑูƒุช ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจูŠุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ
1847
+
1848
+ 560
1849
+ 00:41:26,530 --> 00:41:28,990
1850
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง CultureุŒ Sabouraud dextrose agarุŒ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุจุนุถ
1851
+
1852
+ 561
1853
+ 00:41:28,990 --> 00:41:31,570
1854
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ DNA
1855
+
1856
+ 562
1857
+ 00:41:31,570 --> 00:41:34,330
1858
+ TechniquesุŒ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุŒ ูˆุดูู†ุง
1859
+
1860
+ 563
1861
+ 00:41:34,330 --> 00:41:38,870
1862
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tests ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
1863
+
1864
+ 564
1865
+ 00:41:38,870 --> 00:41:42,550
1866
+ ูŠุณุฃู„ุŒ ู†ุฌุฑุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ antibacterials ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†
1867
+
1868
+ 565
1869
+ 00:41:42,550 --> 00:41:46,830
1870
+ antifungalุŸ ูˆุดูู†ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ
1871
+
1872
+ 566
1873
+ 00:41:46,830 --> 00:41:49,290
1874
+ ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…
1875
+
1876
+ 567
1877
+ 00:41:50,260 --> 00:41:55,640
1878
+ ูƒู†ุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ drugs
1879
+
1880
+ 568
1881
+ 00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:59,140
1882
+ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุจุณ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู€ drug ูˆุงู„ู€
1883
+
1884
+ 569
1885
+ 00:41:59,140 --> 00:42:02,600
1886
+ mechanism of action ุชุจุนุฉุŒ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ุŒ ูˆุณู‡ู„ุŒ ู…ุด
1887
+
1888
+ 570
1889
+ 00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:05,580
1890
+ ู‡ุชุชุบู„ุจูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mechanism of actionุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง
1891
+
1892
+ 571
1893
+ 00:42:05,580 --> 00:42:09,420
1894
+ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ uniqueุŒ ูุฑูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1895
+
1896
+ 572
1897
+ 00:42:09,420 --> 00:42:13,910
1898
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ griseofulvinุŒ ุงู„ู€ griseofulvin
1899
+
1900
+ 573
1901
+ 00:42:13,910 --> 00:42:18,750
1902
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ disruption ู„ู€ mitotic spindle by binding
1903
+
1904
+ 574
1905
+ 00:42:18,750 --> 00:42:22,570
1906
+ to tubulinุŒ ุงู„ู€ mitotic spindle ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡
1907
+
1908
+ 575
1909
+ 00:42:22,570 --> 00:42:26,150
1910
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู…ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู€ growth
1911
+
1912
+ 576
1913
+ 00:42:26,150 --> 00:42:30,210
1914
+ of fungiุŒ ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุซุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู‚ู ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ู€ fungi
1915
+
1916
+ 577
1917
+ 00:42:30,210 --> 00:42:36,970
1918
+ 5-fluorocytosineุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดุฑุญุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏ
1919
+
1920
+ 578
1921
+ 00:42:36,970 --> 00:42:40,550
1922
+ analogุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏ analogุŸ ุดุจูŠู‡
1923
+
1924
+ 579
1925
+ 00:42:40,550 --> 00:42:43,790
1926
+ ุจุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏุŒ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฌู„ุณ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ RNA polymeraseุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ
1927
+
1928
+ 580
1929
+ 00:42:43,790 --> 00:42:48,410
1930
+ ูŠูˆุฑุงุณูŠู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ analogุŒ ุฃู†ุช ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูƒ ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู†
1931
+
1932
+ 581
1933
+ 00:42:48,410 --> 00:42:51,780
1934
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุช ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ูŠูˆุฑุงุณูŠู„ ุจุชุงุฎุฐู‡ุŒ ุจุชุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1935
+
1936
+ 582
1937
+ 00:42:51,780 --> 00:42:56,080
1938
+ RNAุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุช ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒ ุงู„ู€ analog ุจุชุญุทู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ู€ ูŠูˆุฑุงุณูŠู„ ู‡ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุท ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
1939
+
1940
+ 583
1941
+ 00:42:56,080 --> 00:42:59,960
1942
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ู€ analog ุจูŠุนู…ู„ blockุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุท ูˆู„ุง
1943
+
1944
+ 584
1945
+ 00:42:59,960 --> 00:43:03,440
1946
+ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ู ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ RNAุŒ ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† DNA analogุŒ ูˆู‚ู ููŠ
1947
+
1948
+ 585
1949
+ 00:43:03,440 --> 00:43:08,300
1950
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ DNAุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ู…ุนุธู… ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€...
1951
+
1952
+ 586
1953
+ 00:43:17,670 --> 00:43:21,070
1954
+ ุงู„ู€ drugs ุงู„ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€...
1955
+
1956
+ 587
1957
+ 00:43:21,070 --> 00:43:24,090
1958
+ ุงู„ู€ analog ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง toxicity ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง
1959
+
1960
+ 588
1961
+ 00:43:24,090 --> 00:43:29,430
1962
+ toxicity ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู„ู€ 5-fluorocytosine ุฌูˆู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1963
+
1964
+ 589
1965
+ 00:43:29,430 --> 00:43:32,190
1966
+ inhibition ู„ู€ DNA synthesisุŒ ุงู„ู€ FC converted to
1967
+
1968
+ 590
1969
+ 00:43:32,190 --> 00:43:35,590
1970
+ fluorouracil which inhibits thymidine synthesis
1971
+
1972
+ 591
1973
+ 00:43:35,590 --> 00:43:42,690
1974
+ ุจูŠูˆู‚ู ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ thymidineุŒ ูู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1975
+
1976
+ 592
1977
+ 00:43:42,690 --> 00:43:47,310
1978
+ echinocandins ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุณุจูˆูู†ุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆูู†ุฌูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1979
+
1980
+ 593
1981
+ 00:43:47,310 --> 00:43:55,550
1982
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„ู€ ฮฒ-glucanุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† component ููŠ
1983
+
1984
+ 594
1985
+ 00:43:55,550 --> 00:44:01,510
1986
+ ุงู„ู€ fungal cell wallุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ component ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cell
1987
+
1988
+ 595
1989
+ 00:44:01,510 --> 00:44:05,450
1990
+ wallุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุถุฎู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ antifungals ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุฒูˆู„ุฒ
1991
+
1992
+ 596
1993
+ 00:44:05,450 --> 00:44:08,530
1994
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุฒูˆู„ุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠุชูˆูƒูˆู†ุงุฒูˆู„
1995
+
1996
+ 597
1997
+ 00:44:08,530 --> 00:44:13,190
1998
+ ูˆุงู„ูู„ูˆูƒูˆู†ุงุฒูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠุชุฑุงูƒูˆู†ุงุฒูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจูˆุณูƒูˆู†ุงุฒูˆู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1999
+
2000
+ 598
2001
+ 00:44:13,190 --> 00:44:17,590
2002
+ ููŠู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุงุฒูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจ
2003
+
2004
+ 599
2005
+ 00:44:17,590 --> 00:44:24,030
2006
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฑุบูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ุŒ ู…ุด ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฅุฑุบูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
2007
+
2008
+ 600
2009
+ 00:44:24,030 --> 00:44:27,770
2010
+ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ synthesis ุชุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€
2011
+
2012
+ 601
2013
+ 00:44:27,770 --> 00:44:31,630
2014
+ cell membraneุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุฑุบูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆู„ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู€ integrity
2015
+
2016
+ 602
2017
+ 00:44:31,630 --> 00:44:38,110
2018
+ ุชุจุนุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุฃู…ููˆุชุฑูŠุณูŠู† ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ ergosterol
2019
+
2020
+ 603
2021
+ 00:44:38,110 --> 00:44:41,130
2022
+ ู…ุง ุจู…ู†ุนุด ุงู„ู€ synthesisุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู€
2023
+
2024
+ 604
2025
+ 00:44:41,130 --> 00:44:45,290
2026
+ ergosterol ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู†ุฒุนู‡ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
2027
+
2028
+ 605
2029
+ 00:44:45,290 --> 00:44:48,630
2030
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุซู‚ูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ membrane ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ leakage
2031
+
2032
+ 606
2033
+ 00:44:48,630 --> 00:44:53,410
2034
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠูƒูˆู„ุง
2035
+
2036
+ 607
2037
+ 00:44:53,410 --> 00:44:57,490
2038
+ ุงู„ู€ antifungalsุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุทู„ุจูƒู… ุจุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ antifungals
2039
+
2040
+ 608
2041
+ 00:44:57,490 --> 00:44:58,790
2042
+ as drugsุŒ okayุŸ
2043
+
2044
+ 609
2045
+ 00:45:01,010 --> 00:45:05,770
2046
+ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡... ุฏู‡ ู„ุฃุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ
2047
+
2048
+ 610
2049
+ 00:45:05,770 --> 00:45:09,130
2050
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ summaryุŒ ู†ู„ุฎุต ู„ูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2051
+
2052
+ 611
2053
+ 00:45:09,130 --> 00:45:14,210
2054
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€...
2055
+
2056
+ 612
2057
+ 00:45:14,210 --> 00:45:20,850
2058
+ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุดูƒู„ุงุŒ ุจู†ุตู†ูู‡ุง ุฅู…ุง
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/eUYq8JyIKiw_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2504 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,470 --> 00:00:23,430
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏุฃู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,430 --> 00:00:27,010
7
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,010 --> 00:00:31,610
11
+ micro organism ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุญู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ nutrient
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,610 --> 00:00:34,050
15
+ availability ูˆู…ูŠุฒู†ุง ุฌูˆู†ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ nutrient presence
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:34,050 --> 00:00:37,270
19
+ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† nutrient availabilityูˆ ุงู„ physical
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,270 --> 00:00:40,350
23
+ environmental parameter ุฒูŠ ุงู„ water activity ูˆ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:40,350 --> 00:00:44,350
27
+ ุงูŠุถุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุนุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู†ูˆุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ูˆู‡ุฐุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:49,170
31
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุงุญ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุชุงุญ ุงูˆ ุญุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:52,770
35
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุง free water ูˆุณูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ุจู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ water
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:52,770 --> 00:00:56,030
39
+ activity ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ osmotic
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:56,030 --> 00:01:01,880
43
+ pressure ุงู„ุฏุบุท ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุงุฒูŠูˆูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:07,100
47
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:07,100 --> 00:01:10,640
51
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ micro organisms ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:14,180
55
+ oxygen ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pH ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ oxygen ุงู†ุชูˆุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,180 --> 00:01:17,420
59
+ ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ general microbiology ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:17,420 --> 00:01:21,840
63
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู…ุตู†ูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุญุงุฌุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ oxygen ูู…ุซู„ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:21,840 --> 00:01:25,040
67
+ aerobic ุงู†ุง aerobic facultative micro aerophilic
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:27,400
71
+ ุงูŠุฑูˆุชูŠู„ูˆู„ุงู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ู†ุงู‚ุดู‡ู… ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:33,980
75
+ ุงู„ู€ pH ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ pH ููŠู‡ minimum ูˆ optimum ูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,980 --> 00:01:37,660
79
+ maximum minimum below which there is no growth
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,660 --> 00:01:40,300
83
+ maximum above which there is no growth ูˆ ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,300 --> 00:01:43,220
87
+ optimum ู„ growth ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูƒูˆู† optimum at
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,220 --> 00:01:45,520
91
+ that pH ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:49,020
95
+ ู„ุญู„ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุงู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,020 --> 00:01:51,680
99
+ temperature ููŠู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุจ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ low
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:54,240
103
+ temperature ูˆ high temperature ูˆ mesophilic
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,860
107
+ temperature ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ host immune
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:56,860 --> 00:02:02,530
111
+ system ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุทุฃูˆ ุจู†ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุจุณูŠุท ุงู„ HIV
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:02,530 --> 00:02:06,850
115
+ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ aids ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… immune system ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:09,970
119
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช .. ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:09,970 --> 00:02:13,310
123
+ pathogenic ุฃูˆ non pathogenic ุจุชุนู…ู„ pathogenesis
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:13,310 --> 00:02:17,270
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ it can grow and multiply and
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:17,270 --> 00:02:21,510
131
+ colonize and infect and cause disease ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:21,510 --> 00:02:25,210
135
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูˆุดimmune system ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ุณุชู†ุดู‚
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:25,210 --> 00:02:29,650
139
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู†ุตุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุฏุฑุงู† ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:29,650 --> 00:02:33,790
143
+ immune system ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ ุนุฏู… ู†ู‡ูˆ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:33,790 --> 00:02:39,790
147
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฃูˆุฑูŠุฌุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ nutrient availability ุณูŠุจูˆู†ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:39,790 --> 00:02:43,230
151
+ ู†ู„ูˆุญู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุทู„ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ nutrient
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:43,230 --> 00:02:47,030
155
+ availability ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงุดุชุบู„ุชูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ blood
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:47,030 --> 00:02:50,770
159
+ agar ูˆ nutrient agar ูˆ Makunky ุงูˆุณุงุท ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:50,770 --> 00:02:56,300
163
+ ูˆู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉู„ูˆ ู‚ุฑุฃู†ุง ุงู„ label ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนู„ุจุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:56,300 --> 00:03:01,070
167
+ ุงู†ู‡ ..carbon source carbon source ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:01,070 --> 00:03:05,270
171
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑูˆุฒ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุดุง ุงูˆ ุงูŠ other
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:05,270 --> 00:03:07,830
175
+ carbohydrate ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ nitrogen source ุงูŠุด ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:07,830 --> 00:03:10,930
179
+ nitrogen sourceุŸ ุจูŠุจุชูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุจุชูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:10,930 --> 00:03:14,210
183
+ ู…ุณุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุญู… ูˆ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ amino acids ูˆ ุงู„ amino
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:14,210 --> 00:03:17,170
187
+ acids ุณู…ูŠุช amino acids ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ amino
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:17,170 --> 00:03:19,850
191
+ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ nitrogen ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ carbon
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:19,850 --> 00:03:23,230
195
+ source ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ nitrogen source ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:23,230 --> 00:03:28,330
199
+ ู„ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:28,330 --> 00:03:32,170
203
+ building blocks ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:32,170 --> 00:03:35,550
207
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฅู†ู‡ุง carbon source ูˆ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:35,550 --> 00:03:39,950
211
+ nitrogen source ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ุดุงู† ุฌุงุจุช ู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฏู‡
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:39,950 --> 00:03:44,870
215
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ fastidias ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุฃูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง complex
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:44,870 --> 00:03:48,530
219
+ nutritional requirements ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ complexุŸ ู…ุคู‚ุฏุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:48,530 --> 00:03:52,610
223
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุจ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุงุจุชุทู„ุจู‡ุงุด
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:52,610 --> 00:03:57,310
227
+ ูˆ ุจุชุญุท ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงููŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Hemophilus
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:57,310 --> 00:04:02,530
231
+ Influenza ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุดุชู‡ุฑ ุจุญุงุฌุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:02,530 --> 00:04:08,910
235
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… X ูˆ V factors ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ูˆ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:08,910 --> 00:04:11,430
239
+ ุญุงุทุทู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ carbon sources ูˆ ุงู„ natural sources
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:11,430 --> 00:04:15,210
243
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ elements ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:15,210 --> 00:04:18,670
247
+ X ูˆ V factors ูู‡ู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Brucella
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:19,860 --> 00:04:26,140
251
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุซูŠุงู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง vitamin B ุจุฏูˆู† ู„ุงู†ุชู†ู…ูˆ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:26,140 --> 00:04:28,240
255
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:32,420
259
+ fastidious ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:32,420 --> 00:04:38,780
263
+ ู…ุทู„ุจุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:38,780 --> 00:04:41,980
267
+ ุงู„ุตูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ major essential
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:41,980 --> 00:04:44,980
271
+ elements ูˆ minor essential elements ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:44,980 --> 00:04:47,140
275
+ ุนู† ุงู„ minor essential ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‡ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:47,140 --> 00:04:53,020
279
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุณูŠู†ู‚ู„ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถุฏ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:53,020 --> 00:04:58,160
283
+ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠู‚ุงู
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:03,310
287
+ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ copperุงู„ู†ุญุงุณุŒ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:03,310 --> 00:05:07,570
291
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:07,570 --> 00:05:11,830
295
+ ููŠ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:11,830 --> 00:05:16,870
299
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุถุฑ mediaุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ูŠู‡ุŸ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:16,870 --> 00:05:20,490
303
+ ู…ุงุกุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจูŠูƒูˆู† distilled waterุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุงุก ุญู†ููŠุŒ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:20,490 --> 00:05:25,050
307
+ ู…ุด tap waterุŒ distilled waterูƒุงู† ุฒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:25,050 --> 00:05:28,730
311
+ ุชู‚ุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุชุจุนุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:28,730 --> 00:05:32,350
315
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุฑ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:32,350 --> 00:05:35,830
319
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:35,830 --> 00:05:38,910
323
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุบู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุชู„ู‚ุงุช
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:38,910 --> 00:05:44,290
327
+ ู„ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู…ุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงุงู„ water activity
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:44,290 --> 00:05:47,330
331
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุนุจู‘ู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ water activity AW
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:47,330 --> 00:05:55,830
335
+ ูˆ ุงู„ AW ุจุชู…ุซู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:55,830 --> 00:05:59,670
339
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ูˆ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:59,670 --> 00:06:03,210
343
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:03,210 --> 00:06:10,410
347
+ ุงู†ุง ุถูุช ู…ู„ุญ ูˆุถูุช ู…ูŠู‡ ุถูุช ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:10,410 --> 00:06:14,880
351
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู…ุงุกู…ุงุญุณุจุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุทุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง free
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:17,980
355
+ water ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุท ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:17,980 --> 00:06:22,820
359
+ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ water activity ุจู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:22,820 --> 00:06:28,580
363
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงูˆุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆุงุฆู„ ุทุฑู‚ ุญูุธ ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:28,580 --> 00:06:35,180
367
+ ุงู„ุชุฌููŠู ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆุงู„ุชุฌููŠู ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู†ุฒุน ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงุฒุงู„ุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:35,180 --> 00:06:39,960
371
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ water activityุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:44,920
375
+ ุจุงู„ุชู…ู„ูŠุญ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ู„ูŠุญ ุจูŠุฎุฏู… ุบุฑุถูŠู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู†ู‡
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:48,100
379
+ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ osmotic pressure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:48,100 --> 00:06:52,100
383
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุนุดุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุงุดูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุจู‘ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:52,100 --> 00:06:55,460
387
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณููƒุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณููƒุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญุŒ ุฏู‡
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:55,460 --> 00:06:59,720
391
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:02,980
395
+ ุจูŠู…ุทุต ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌุฏ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€osmotic
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:02,980 --> 00:07:05,600
399
+ pressureุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุนุช ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจู‘ุฉุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:09,140
403
+ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:09,140 --> 00:07:12,700
407
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ carbon source ูˆ ุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:12,700 --> 00:07:16,900
411
+ nitrogen source ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ูˆูุฑ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:16,900 --> 00:07:20,320
415
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูˆูุฑู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆูุŒ ูƒู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:20,320 --> 00:07:26,320
419
+ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ oxygen ุงุญูุธูˆู‡ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุณุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:30,060
423
+ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:30,060 --> 00:07:32,760
427
+ ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู‚ู…ุต ุฃุตุงุจุน
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:32,760 --> 00:07:37,710
431
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…obligate ุงูŠุฑูˆุจุŒ obligate ุงู†ุง ุงูŠุฑูˆุจุŒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:37,710 --> 00:07:41,770
435
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต facultate ุงู†ุง ุงูŠุฑูˆุจุŒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุณุนุฑู‡ุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ููŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:41,770 --> 00:07:45,310
439
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง microaerophilicุŒ ุฎุฏูˆุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:45,310 --> 00:07:48,370
443
+ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ twenty
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:48,370 --> 00:07:52,950
447
+ percent ุงูˆ twenty one percentุŒ this is what is
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:57,120
451
+ known as aerobic environmentุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:01,700
455
+ microaerophilic ุดุจุงุจ require only 5% ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:01,700 --> 00:08:05,340
459
+ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง microaerophilic ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูˆูุฑ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:05,340 --> 00:08:10,730
463
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุงุชุฌูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ15% ู…ู† ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:10,730 --> 00:08:15,210
467
+ Oxygen ุงูˆ 16% ู…ู† ุงู„ Oxygen ูˆ ุชุฎู„ูŠ ูู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ 5% ุนู„ู‰
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:15,210 --> 00:08:17,350
471
+ ุทุฑู ุงู„ .. ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ answer ู„ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:17,350 --> 00:08:20,930
475
+ obligate aerobic obligate ุฃู†ุง aerobic facultative
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:20,930 --> 00:08:24,090
479
+ ุฃู†ุง aerobic ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ micro aerophilic ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:24,090 --> 00:08:27,330
483
+ aerotolerant ุฃู†ุง aerobic ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:27,330 --> 00:08:32,430
487
+ aerotolerant ุฃู†ุง aerobic ู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆูŠุฉู…ุทู„ู‚ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:32,430 --> 00:08:38,090
491
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุทูˆุฑุช ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:38,090 --> 00:08:43,610
495
+ ูˆููŠ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุญู…ู„ tolerant ุงูˆ uses ุงูˆ utilizes
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:43,610 --> 00:08:46,850
499
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชูˆุธู ุงู„ oxygen ููŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:46,850 --> 00:08:51,370
503
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ oxida ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุชุญู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:51,370 --> 00:08:55,630
507
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุชุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุงู„ oxygenุŒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:55,630 --> 00:09:01,370
511
+ ุงุฐุง ุฎู…ุณ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:01,370 --> 00:09:07,670
515
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ incubation ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุงุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูŠุงู† ู…ู‡ู†ู‘ุงุŸ ุงู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:07,670 --> 00:09:12,450
519
+ aerobes ูˆ ุงู„ facultative ุฃู†ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ูู‚ุท ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:12,450 --> 00:09:15,550
523
+ aerotolerant ูˆ ุงู„ obligate ุฃู†ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ูˆ ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:15,550 --> 00:09:18,010
527
+ microaerophilic ุจุฏู‡ู… environment ุฎุงุตุฉ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:18,010 --> 00:09:21,150
531
+ ุจู†ุทูˆุฑู†ุง ุงู„ CO2 incubation ูˆ ุทูˆุฑู†ุง ุงู„ anaerobic
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:21,150 --> 00:09:24,050
535
+ incubation ูˆ ุงู„ microaerophilic incubationุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:24,050 --> 00:09:29,370
539
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ aerobic incubationุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:29,370 --> 00:09:33,230
543
+ ุจู†ุฌูŠุฒ ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ .. ุจู†ุฌูŠุฒ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ hydrogen
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:33,230 --> 00:09:37,930
547
+ ion concentration ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ scale ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:37,930 --> 00:09:42,450
551
+ ุตูุฑ ู„ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ููˆู‚ ุฃู„ูƒุงู„ุงูŠู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:42,450 --> 00:09:47,290
555
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุช ุฃุณุฏูƒ most medically important bacteria
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:47,290 --> 00:09:50,970
559
+ can grow at a pH near neutrality ูƒู„ู…ุฉ near
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:50,970 --> 00:09:54,770
563
+ neutrality ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ูƒู†
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:54,770 --> 00:09:58,510
567
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ exceptionูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ exception ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:58,510 --> 00:10:02,170
571
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุณุชุบู„ ุงู„ exception ุงุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:02,170 --> 00:10:07,290
575
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ favorable pH ุชุจุนู‡ุง alkaline ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:07,290 --> 00:10:12,430
579
+ ุงู…ู†ุน ู†ู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู†ุงุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง acid ู…ุซุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุตู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:12,430 --> 00:10:15,410
583
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุฃุจุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุฉ ููƒุงู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฑุดุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุนุทูŽุนุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:15,410 --> 00:10:19,770
587
+ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุณุชุทุน ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจูŠุบู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูุถุน ุนู„ูŠู‡
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:19,770 --> 00:10:24,810
591
+ ุจุถุนุฉ ู‚ุทุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ูˆู† ุฃุจุงุฑุนู†ู‡ acid ุจูŠุฎูุถ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:24,810 --> 00:10:29,510
595
+ ุงู„ pH ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ Vibrio cholera
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:29,510 --> 00:10:33,650
599
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:33,650 --> 00:10:36,610
603
+ Vibrocolera ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:36,610 --> 00:10:39,970
607
+ ุจุชุญุจ ุงู„ alkaline pHุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุนุฒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† stool
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:39,970 --> 00:10:43,790
611
+ ุจูˆุฑุงุฒ ุฃูƒุฑู…ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ stool ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:43,790 --> 00:10:48,270
615
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุฑุงุซูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ููƒูŠู ู„ูŠ ุฃู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:48,270 --> 00:10:53,130
619
+ ุฃุนุฒู„ Vibrocolera ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชุŸุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:53,130 --> 00:10:58,150
623
+ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ู…ุน
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:58,150 --> 00:11:01,430
627
+ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ vibroูƒู„ุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:01,430 --> 00:11:05,870
631
+ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ุงุธู† ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุน ูˆููŠ ุงู„ control
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:05,870 --> 00:11:11,830
635
+ ุงู„ temperature ููŠู†ุง ุชู„ุช ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุช ุฃุตู†ุงู
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:11,830 --> 00:11:16,690
639
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู…ุง psychrophilic ู…ุญุจุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุนูƒุณู‡ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:16,690 --> 00:11:22,550
643
+ thermophilic ูŠุนู†ูŠheat-loving ุจุชุญุจ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:22,550 --> 00:11:27,290
647
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูˆุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:27,290 --> 00:11:31,150
651
+ ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠู‡ exterminophiles
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:31,150 --> 00:11:35,850
655
+ exterminophiles ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุจุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:35,850 --> 00:11:41,330
659
+ ุฃูู†ุฌุงุด ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‚ุฏ .. ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ .. ู…ุด .. ู‡ู… ู…ุด
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:41,330 --> 00:11:45,390
663
+ ุจุงู„ุจุฑุงูƒูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:45,390 --> 00:11:49,030
667
+ ุจุงู„ thermal vents ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:49,030 --> 00:11:52,970
671
+ ู‚ูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุณุฎู†ุฉ ูˆู‚ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฃูƒู…
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:52,970 --> 00:11:58,730
675
+ ุฃู„ู ู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุถุฎู… ุฌุฏุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุถุบุท ุงู„ู…ุงุก .. ุถุบุท ุงู„ู…ุงุก
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:58,730 --> 00:12:02,370
679
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุถุบุท ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:02,370 --> 00:12:06,450
683
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุทู„ ุจุงุณู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ 150 ูˆ200 ูˆ .. ูˆ Lego
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:06,450 --> 00:12:11,830
687
+ bacteria ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ูŠุจุฌุฃ .. ุจุณ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:11,830 --> 00:12:14,570
691
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุฌุงุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุชูˆุณุน ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุฏู†ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:14,570 --> 00:12:19,390
695
+ ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ุด ุนุทูˆุงู†
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:20,610 --> 00:12:26,310
699
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ุด ุนุทูˆุงู‹ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู…ู… ูˆุดุนูˆุจ ูˆู‚ุจุงุฆู„ ูˆุนุงุฆู„ุงุช
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:31,790
703
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ูƒู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆู† ูƒู„ ู„ู‡ ุตูุงุช ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:31,790 --> 00:12:34,530
707
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:34,530 --> 00:12:38,270
711
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุตู†ู ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:38,270 --> 00:12:42,650
715
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู„ุง ูŠุฎุทุฑ ุจุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:42,650 --> 00:12:46,920
719
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุงู„ู…ูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:46,920 --> 00:12:49,360
723
+ ู†ู‡ุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ medical microbiology ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุจ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:52,300
727
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ 37
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:52,300 --> 00:12:57,920
731
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ 101 competition ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:57,920 --> 00:13:02,900
735
+ ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุทุงู„ุจ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุฆุฉ ุทุงู„ุจ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:02,900 --> 00:13:06,540
739
+ ูุฑุตุชูƒ ููŠ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุทู„ุน ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:06,540 --> 00:13:10,400
743
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู…ุณ ุทู„ุงุจ ูุฑุตุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:10,400 --> 00:13:14,350
747
+ ูุฑุตุชูƒ ุฅูŠุดุจุณุจุจ ุงูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ competition ููŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:14,350 --> 00:13:17,690
751
+ competition ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ micro organism ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:17,690 --> 00:13:21,590
755
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:21,590 --> 00:13:28,730
759
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุชู†ุงูุณ ู‡ุชุชู†ุงูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:28,730 --> 00:13:32,430
763
+ space ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ nutrients
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:37,700
767
+ ูููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ููŠ ุธู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุชุฌ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:37,700 --> 00:13:41,000
771
+ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจุดูƒู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:45,600
775
+ ุนุงู… ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุชู‚ุชู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงูˆ ุชุญุฏ ู…ู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:49,420
779
+ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ูˆุงุญู†ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:49,420 --> 00:13:52,640
783
+ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงุณุชุบู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:56,160
787
+ antibiotics ุงุตู„ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ antibiotics ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงุณู…
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:56,160 --> 00:14:02,220
791
+ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ Antibiosis ุถุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุถุฏ ุญูŠุงุฉู„ุฃ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:02,220 --> 00:14:07,240
795
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู…ู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ ู…ู† ูุทุฑ ุถุฏ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุฎุฑู‰
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:13,660
799
+ ุงูˆ ูุทุฑ ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:13,660 --> 00:14:18,380
803
+ ู†ูˆุณุนู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ competition ุชุณู…ุน
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:18,380 --> 00:14:23,520
807
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง sterilization ุงูˆ ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ุตุญุŸ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:27,820
811
+ cooking ุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุทุจุฎ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:28,490 --> 00:14:31,570
815
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุนุงู…
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:31,570 --> 00:14:35,630
819
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ูƒุงู† ุทุงุฒุฌ raw
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:35,630 --> 00:14:40,330
823
+ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุฃูˆ ู…ุฐุจูˆุญ ู„ุญู… ุฏู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:40,330 --> 00:14:46,690
827
+ ุงู„ู„ุญูˆู… ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุถุฑูˆุงุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:46,690 --> 00:14:50,970
831
+ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:50,970 --> 00:14:55,470
835
+ ูููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุงูุณ ูู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:55,470 --> 00:15:01,290
839
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู†ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุทุจุฎู‡ู…ุŒ ุจู†ู…ูˆุชู‡ู…
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:01,290 --> 00:15:05,370
843
+ ูƒู„ ุฃุชู‡ู…ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุชู„ูˆุซ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฎ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:05,370 --> 00:15:09,590
847
+ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ู…ุด ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุจู†ูˆุงุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:09,590 --> 00:15:13,470
851
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุฑุงุญุชุŒ ูุฑุตู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:13,470 --> 00:15:18,190
855
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅูุณุงุฏู‡ู… ู„ู„ุบุฐุงุก
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:18,190 --> 00:15:22,970
859
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ู… ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุนู† ุงู„
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:22,970 --> 00:15:28,880
863
+ competition ููŠ ุฃู…ุนุงู†ุงุฃูƒุงู… ุฃู„ู ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:28,880 --> 00:15:32,840
867
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุงู… ุฃู„ู ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฃูƒุงู… ุฃู„ู ู†ูˆุนุŒ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:37,220
871
+ ุฃู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู† ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:37,220 --> 00:15:41,220
875
+ competitionู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุญุจุฉ Antibiotic ุนุดุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:41,220 --> 00:15:45,000
879
+ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ูƒุชููŠ ุฃู†ุง ูˆ ู…ู„ุชุจ ุงู„ antibiotic ุจุฑูˆุด ุนู„ู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:49,180
883
+ ุงู„ูƒุชู ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ bacteria ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ูู…ู…ูƒู†
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:53,760
887
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:53,760 --> 00:15:57,880
891
+ ุญุณุงุจ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุนุถ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:00,820
895
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุจุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:00,820 --> 00:16:05,180
899
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ุดุฌุนุงู† ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:05,180 --> 00:16:09,330
903
+ ุจูŠุดุชู…ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุดุฌุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถููŠุญุฏุซ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:09,330 --> 00:16:13,410
907
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุจุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:13,410 --> 00:16:17,030
911
+ Quorum Sensing ุฃุดุทุฑ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุบู…ู†ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:17,030 --> 00:16:21,050
915
+ ุนุทูˆุงู† ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุทูˆุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:21,050 --> 00:16:24,730
919
+ ุงู† ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุนุฏู‡ู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุบู…ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:24,730 --> 00:16:28,150
923
+ ู…ุด ุดุงูŠูู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:32,250
927
+ ุนูŠู†ุงู† ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฐู†ุงู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุฏ ุงุฎูˆุงุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:32,250 --> 00:16:35,970
931
+ ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:35,970 --> 00:16:39,720
935
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ูˆุงู† ุงูุชุฑุถ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุง ู‚ุตุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฆุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:48,580
939
+ ุฃู„ู ู„ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู… ุงุจุชุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชู†ุดุท ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:48,580 --> 00:16:52,600
943
+ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:56,560
947
+ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Quorum Sensing ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:56,560 --> 00:17:01,990
951
+ ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:01,990 --> 00:17:05,990
955
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชู„ู‚ู‰
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:05,990 --> 00:17:10,110
959
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ูŠู‡ diseaseุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ competition ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:10,110 --> 00:17:14,400
963
+ ุฌุฏุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ microbiologyุนุทุชู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ post
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:18,080
967
+ cooking post ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ post ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ post cooking
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:18,080 --> 00:17:22,620
971
+ contamination ุฃุฎุทุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ pre cooking ุนู„ู…ุชู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:22,620 --> 00:17:24,860
975
+ balance ุงู„ imbalance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ intestinal
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:24,860 --> 00:17:29,560
979
+ tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุฌู… ุนู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ูุฑุท ุงูˆ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:29,560 --> 00:17:32,800
983
+ ุงูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ broad spectrum antibiotic ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:37,040
987
+ ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠุถุง ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุชุฒุงู† ุงูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:41,350
991
+ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ competition okay ุตุญูŠุญููŠู† ุฏูŠ ู‡ู„ุฃ ุงู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:41,350 --> 00:17:46,590
995
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ nicheุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:46,590 --> 00:17:50,430
999
+ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:50,430 --> 00:17:56,910
1003
+ ecosystemุŒ ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ูˆุนู‚ู„ุงู†ูŠุŒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:56,910 --> 00:18:01,690
1007
+ ู‡ู„ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุงูˆ ููŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:01,690 --> 00:18:06,390
1011
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:06,390 --> 00:18:11,020
1015
+ breeze ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸู„ูŠุด ุงุฎุชู„ูุŸ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:11,020 --> 00:18:16,840
1019
+ ุงุฎุชู„ู ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุตุญ ูˆ ุฏู‡ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุงู†ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:21,000
1023
+ .. ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุทุญ ู†ุนู… ุฌุฏุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุทุญ ุฎุดู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,500
1027
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู‚ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงุนุฏ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:24,500 --> 00:18:28,620
1031
+ ุนู„ู‰ .. ูŠุจุฌู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู† ุงู„ุบุฑู ุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:28,620 --> 00:18:33,660
1035
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ecosystem ุงูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุง ุงู†
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:33,660 --> 00:18:39,530
1039
+ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ecosystem ู…ุตุบุฑุงู„ู€
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:39,530 --> 00:18:43,870
1043
+ Equestrian ุงู„ู…ุตุบุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:43,870 --> 00:18:48,510
1047
+ ุนู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุณู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:48,510 --> 00:18:54,010
1051
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ูู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูŠุญ ุฌ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠููŠ ูˆ ุฏู‡ ู„ุง .. ุตุญุŸ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:54,010 --> 00:18:57,550
1055
+ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญูƒูŠุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูŠุญ ุฌุงูŠููŠ ูู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:57,550 --> 00:19:01,930
1059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุฆูŠุฉุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู…
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:01,930 --> 00:19:06,750
1063
+ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ุงู„ูู… ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰ ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:06,750 --> 00:19:12,300
1067
+ ูˆุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุฆุฉุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู† ูˆุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:12,300 --> 00:19:15,700
1071
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ูุชุญุช ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชูุฑุฌ ุฃุณู†ุงู†ูƒ ูˆุฏุฎู„ุช
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:15,700 --> 00:19:20,880
1075
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฌูˆุง ูˆุณูƒู‘ุฑุชุŒ ู‡ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุฏุฑูˆู ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุญุชู‰
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:25,280
1079
+ ุงู„ูู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุญุชูƒุฉ ุจุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู‚ุฏ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:30,090
1083
+ ุชุชูˆูุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุฆุงุช ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุงู„ู€ Host immune system
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:19:30,090 --> 00:19:33,490
1087
+ ุฃู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ HIV ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ู€ AIDS
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:33,490 --> 00:19:39,150
1091
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:39,150 --> 00:19:45,850
1095
+ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ู„ุงุฎุฑ ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุนุธู…
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:45,850 --> 00:19:47,930
1099
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:47,930 --> 00:19:50,030
1103
+ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ general microbiology ุงุณู…ู‡ Endotoxin
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:50,650 --> 00:19:51,930
1107
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:51,930 --> 00:19:52,930
1111
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:52,930 --> 00:19:55,750
1115
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:55,870
1119
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:55,870 --> 00:19:57,430
1123
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:57,430 --> 00:20:02,930
1127
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:02,930 --> 00:20:03,010
1131
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:20:03,010 --> 00:20:07,890
1135
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:20:07,890 --> 00:20:19,350
1139
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:23,600
1143
+ ุงู†ุงุนุดุงู† ุฃุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:27,800
1147
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Gram NegativeุŒ ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:30,960
1151
+ Lipopolysaccharide ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:36,420
1155
+ ุซู‚ูˆุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุชูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:36,420 --> 00:20:40,300
1159
+ VirulenceุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุจุฑูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Major
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:40,300 --> 00:20:46,620
1163
+ Virulence Factor of Gram Negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ุฏุงู…
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:46,620 --> 00:20:49,980
1167
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูŠุจุงุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู…
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:49,980 --> 00:20:56,720
1171
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€Endotoxin ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:56,720 --> 00:21:02,300
1175
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง pathogenic ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู…ุด
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:02,300 --> 00:21:06,540
1179
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง pathogenicุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ major virulence
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:06,540 --> 00:21:09,820
1183
+ factorุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงู‡ other virulence factors
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:09,820 --> 00:21:15,280
1187
+ ุชุคู‡ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ pathogenesisููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:19,760
1191
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ septic shock ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุถูŠููˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:24,060
1195
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง gram negative septic shock ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:21:24,060 --> 00:21:29,380
1199
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ septicemia ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ู…ุฒู„ุนุฉ ุฏู… ููŠ ู…ุฒู„ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:21:29,380 --> 00:21:34,700
1203
+ ุนุฒู„ู†ุง ุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง sensitivity testing
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:21:34,700 --> 00:21:37,880
1207
+ ูˆุงู†ุชูˆุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุฌู„ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:41,100
1211
+ diagnostic microbiologist ุจูŠุชู„ุฎุต ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:21:41,100 --> 00:21:46,720
1215
+ isolate and identify the pathogen ูˆ determine the
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:51,380
1219
+ susceptibility to antibiotics ูุงู†ุนุฒู„ุช ูˆ ุนุฑูุช
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:51,380 --> 00:21:55,600
1223
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ุงู†ู‡ุง E.coli ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡ุง susceptibility ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:55,600 --> 00:22:01,000
1227
+ ุทู„ุน ุฃูุถู„ antibiotic ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ GenamycinูˆููŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:04,260
1231
+ ุงู„ู€Gentamicin ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงุนุทุงู‡
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:04,260 --> 00:22:10,860
1235
+ Gentamicin ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงุช
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:22:10,860 --> 00:22:16,900
1239
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:22:16,900 --> 00:22:20,940
1243
+ ู…ุงุชุช ุงุทู„ู‚ุช ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ endotoxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:22:20,940 --> 00:22:24,360
1247
+ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:22:24,360 --> 00:22:29,250
1251
+ ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุชู…ุฎูŠูุฉ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:22:29,250 --> 00:22:33,130
1255
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง increase permeability ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:22:33,130 --> 00:22:37,970
1259
+ ุงู„ vasodilatation ุชู…ุงู… low blood pressure ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:22:37,970 --> 00:22:41,950
1263
+ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ shock ูˆุจู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:41,950 --> 00:22:47,130
1267
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ู† negative bacteria
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:49,540 --> 00:22:52,600
1271
+ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุงุญุชูˆุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lipopoly
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:56,040
1275
+ -sacral ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ endotoxin ุฃุญุฏ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:59,540
1279
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ endotoxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุฌุนู„ุด ู†ุชุฌู‡ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:59,540 --> 00:23:04,460
1283
+ ุงู„ activation ู„ ุงู„ complement ุงู„ activation ู„ ุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:23:04,460 --> 00:23:07,300
1287
+ complement .. ุจุชุนุฑููˆุด ุงู„ complement ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุงุดุŸ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:10,600
1291
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ complementุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:23:10,600 --> 00:23:15,080
1295
+ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† C1 to C9 ู…ู† ู…ุน ุฌู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุชูŠ ุนุทู†ูŠุฉ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:23:19,090 --> 00:23:23,930
1299
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ .. ุฅู†ู‡ .. ู„ู…ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:23:23,930 --> 00:23:27,330
1303
+ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฏ ูŠุดูˆูู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฌู„ู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ููŠู‡
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:23:27,330 --> 00:23:33,490
1307
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ inactive
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:23:33,490 --> 00:23:38,030
1311
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุดุท ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุดุท ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุดุทุŸ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:23:38,030 --> 00:23:41,590
1315
+ cleavage ุฅู„ู‡ุŒ ุจู†ุฌุณู…ู‡ุŒ ุจู†ุดูŠู„ fragment AุŒ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:41,590 --> 00:23:44,350
1319
+ fragment B ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ fragment BุŒ ูˆ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:44,350 --> 00:23:50,830
1323
+ fragment AุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉุงู„ู€ complement ู…ู†
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:50,830 --> 00:23:53,370
1327
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฑุญู…ุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:53,370 --> 00:24:00,670
1331
+ inactive ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ active ุญุฏู…ุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ูุงู„ endotoxin
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:00,670 --> 00:24:04,350
1335
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ activation ู„ ุงู„ complement ุงู„ complement
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:04,350 --> 00:24:09,210
1339
+ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑู‡
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:09,210 --> 00:24:13,150
1343
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ membrane attack complex
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:19,340
1347
+ ูŠููุชุฑุถ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‡ุงุฌู… ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูŠุฏู…ุฑู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:24:19,340 --> 00:24:21,940
1351
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ lipopolysaccharide ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:24:21,940 --> 00:24:24,840
1355
+ activation ู„ู„ complement ุทุจ ุงู„ lipopolysaccharide
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:28,900
1359
+ ู…ุชู‰ ุทู„ุนุŸ ุทู„ุน ู„ู…ุง ู…ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุทุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:24:28,900 --> 00:24:33,340
1363
+ membrane attack complex ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠู‚ุชู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:24:33,340 --> 00:24:37,180
1367
+ ุฎู„ูŠุงู†ุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุฎู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:24:43,830 --> 00:24:48,770
1371
+ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ syringe ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ syringe
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:48,770 --> 00:24:54,770
1375
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุบู…ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู…ุงุก ู…ู„ูˆุซ ู…ุงุก ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุฃูƒุฑู…ูƒู…
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:54,770 --> 00:24:59,550
1379
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู‚ุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง testing ู„ู„ู€
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:59,550 --> 00:25:04,030
1383
+ syringe ู‡ุงุฏ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง sterile ู„ูƒู† ุจูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:25:04,030 --> 00:25:07,790
1387
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุจูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ูŠู†
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:07,790 --> 00:25:13,770
1391
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุงู†ุชูƒุณูŠู†ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ syringe
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:13,770 --> 00:25:17,610
1395
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุด ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ู…ู†
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:25:17,610 --> 00:25:21,850
1399
+ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุนู‚ู…ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุญุจุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:25:21,850 --> 00:25:26,270
1403
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูู…ู†ุนู‚ู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏูŠู†
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:25:26,270 --> 00:25:30,010
1407
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŒ ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:25:30,010 --> 00:25:34,030
1411
+ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:25:34,030 --> 00:25:36,570
1415
+ endoxinุŒ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู€gram-bostaf-bacterium
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:25:38,830 --> 00:25:42,930
1419
+ ุงู„ Exotoxins ุฌุซุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ู„ุฅู† ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุฅู†
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:25:42,930 --> 00:25:48,450
1423
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:25:48,450 --> 00:25:54,290
1427
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ Exotoxin ู‚ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ู„ุตู†ููŠู† ุตู†ู ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:25:54,290 --> 00:26:00,790
1431
+ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุตู†ู ุจูŠุณุชู‡ุฏู cellular targets ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:26:00,790 --> 00:26:02,510
1435
+ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:07,680
1439
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cellular targets
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:26:07,680 --> 00:26:09,240
1443
+ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ู…ุญุชุงุฌ .. ู…ุญุชุงุฌ .. ู…ุถุทุฑ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:14,700
1447
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู†ูƒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ X-doxins .. ุงู„ X-doxins
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:26:14,700 --> 00:26:20,700
1451
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† two fragments ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ูˆ ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ two
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:26:20,700 --> 00:26:27,000
1455
+ fragments fragment A ูˆ fragment B ุงุญูุธ A activeุŒ B
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:36,700
1459
+ binding binding ุงุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุท ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠ Aููˆู‚ ูˆ B ุชุญุช
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:26:36,700 --> 00:26:42,420
1463
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ B ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ receptor ุนู„ู‰
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:26:42,420 --> 00:26:47,240
1467
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ internalization ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:52,000
1471
+ ุฃูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A ูˆ B ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:56,760
1475
+ toxin ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ fragment A ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ B ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:26:56,760 --> 00:27:02,780
1479
+ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ A ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ B ุชุฎูŠู„ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŸ ู‡ูŠ AB
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:02,780 --> 00:27:08,600
1483
+ B ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† B
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:13,160
1487
+ ุจุชุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุฑุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:19,140
1491
+ .. ุงู„ุนููˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠู„ุงุฌูŠู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ู…ู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:27:19,140 --> 00:27:23,120
1495
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ toxins ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ AP model
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:26,380
1499
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cornebacterium diphtheria toxin ุงู„ู€
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:27:26,380 --> 00:27:31,120
1503
+ Cornebacterium diphtheria toxin ุฅู„ู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุชู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:27:31,120 --> 00:27:35,360
1507
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ADP ribosylation
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:35,360 --> 00:27:40,540
1511
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ADP
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:27:40,540 --> 00:27:47,960
1515
+ ribosylation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ADP ู„ุดุฆ .. ู„ุดุฆ ู…ุนูŠู†ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:54,570
1519
+ ADPRaposalation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู…ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุฌู
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:27:54,570 --> 00:28:00,850
1523
+ ู†ุดุงุท ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู†ุดุท ุฃูˆ ุจุชู†ุดุท ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:00,850 --> 00:28:05,010
1527
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดุท ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ADP Raposalation
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:05,010 --> 00:28:10,010
1531
+ ุจูŠูˆุฌู ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ูˆุถูู†ุง ู„ู‡ ADP
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:10,010 --> 00:28:14,130
1535
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ activation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ activation ุฃูˆ deactivation
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:14,130 --> 00:28:17,650
1539
+ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ADP Raposalation ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:17,650 --> 00:28:22,250
1543
+ ุงู„ุฏูุชูŠุฑูŠุงุงู„ .. ุงู„ mechanism of action ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:28:22,250 --> 00:28:24,790
1547
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ protein synthesis ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุงู„ protein
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:28:24,790 --> 00:28:29,010
1551
+ synthesisุŒ ุงูุนู„ ุนุงูŠุด ุงู„ protein synthesis ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:28:29,010 --> 00:28:33,510
1555
+ large subunitุŒ small subunitุŒ mRNAุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:38,010
1559
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ amino acid synthesis ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:28:38,010 --> 00:28:42,740
1563
+ .. ู…ุน .. ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ amino alkyl tRNAุงู„ุงู† ููŠ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:28:42,740 --> 00:28:46,040
1567
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ factor ุงุณู…ู‡ elongation factor elongation ุงูŠุด
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:49,100
1571
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ elongation ุงุณุชุทุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุทุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:28:49,100 --> 00:28:54,140
1575
+ polypeptide ูุงู„ elongation factor ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠู„ู‡ ADP
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:54,140 --> 00:28:59,200
1579
+ ribosylation ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุดุท ูุจูˆู‚ูู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌูู†ุง ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:03,910
1583
+ elongation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุฌูู†ุง ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ protein ุดุจุงุจุจุฏูˆู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:29:03,910 --> 00:29:09,410
1587
+ ุงุฏู†ู‰ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุชุชุฑุฏุฏ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† protein synthesis ุฎู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:09,410 --> 00:29:13,470
1591
+ ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุช ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุช ู…ุด ู„ุญุธูŠุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:13,470 --> 00:29:17,950
1595
+ ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:29:17,950 --> 00:29:23,490
1599
+ enzymes ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ุฑ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชู†ุญู„ ูˆุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุทุจ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:29:23,490 --> 00:29:27,010
1603
+ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ elongation ูุงูƒุชุฑ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:29:27,010 --> 00:29:30,750
1607
+ ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ synthesis ู„ู„ protein ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:29:30,750 --> 00:29:32,310
1611
+ ู…ูˆุช ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุจ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:29:34,940 --> 00:29:38,240
1615
+ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cellular targets ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:29:38,240 --> 00:29:40,420
1619
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุณู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:29:40,420 --> 00:29:45,580
1623
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง cytolytic exotoxin ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:29:45,580 --> 00:29:51,240
1627
+ cytolytic ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญู„ู„ุฉ ู„ู…ู†ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:54,320
1631
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:54,320 --> 00:30:02,850
1635
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญู„ู„ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ cell
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:30:02,850 --> 00:30:07,530
1639
+ membrane ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ disruption ุทุจ ู‡ุงู„ disruption
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:30:07,530 --> 00:30:10,030
1643
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ cell membrane ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ toxins
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:10,030 --> 00:30:15,010
1647
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:15,010 --> 00:30:20,630
1651
+ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:20,630 --> 00:30:26,750
1655
+ hydrolysis of membrane phospholipidุฃุธู† ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:26,750 --> 00:30:29,130
1659
+ ุงู„ cell membrane ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู†ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:30:29,130 --> 00:30:33,570
1663
+ ุงู„ cell ุฏุฑุณุชูˆู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† double layer ู…ู†
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:30:33,570 --> 00:30:36,950
1667
+ phospholipids ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ phospholipid ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:30:36,950 --> 00:30:42,510
1671
+ ู„ู‡ hydrolysisุŸุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู† .. ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูŠุฏุนู‰
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:30:42,510 --> 00:30:47,990
1675
+ phospholipase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูƒุณุฑ ู„ู„ phospholipids ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:30:47,990 --> 00:30:52,370
1679
+ membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุงุณูƒ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุทู„ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:30:52,370 --> 00:30:59,910
1683
+ ูุณุฑ ุงู„ lysis ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ sh
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:30:59,910 --> 00:31:03,850
1687
+ ุชูŠูˆู„ activated toxin
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:31:27,660 --> 00:31:34,730
1691
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ุดุงู† ..ุŸoxygen labile ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:31:34,730 --> 00:31:39,950
1695
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ุฃู†ุง ุจุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:31:39,950 --> 00:31:44,330
1699
+ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:31:44,330 --> 00:31:50,410
1703
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠุชุฏู…ุฑ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:31:50,410 --> 00:31:54,820
1707
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:31:54,820 --> 00:31:57,800
1711
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:31:57,800 --> 00:32:03,240
1715
+ ุงุฒุฑุนุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูู‚ุท ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ุงุบุฑุณ ุงู„ loop ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:32:03,240 --> 00:32:05,560
1719
+ ุนุธูŠู… ุงู†ูƒ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงุญุงุณุจูˆูƒ ูˆู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุฒุฑุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:09,060
1723
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุตุญุŸ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุฒุฑุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:32:09,060 --> 00:32:12,630
1727
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅุฐุง ุดูƒู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒุงุนู…ู„
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:32:12,630 --> 00:32:17,030
1731
+ ุทุนู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู†ูุณู‡ ุงุนู…ู„ ุทุนู†ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:32:17,030 --> 00:32:20,610
1735
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ูŠุด ู†ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:32:20,610 --> 00:32:25,570
1739
+ Oxygen Labile ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ Oxygen ุจุชุฏู…ุฑุŒ ุจุจูŠู†ุด
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:32:25,570 --> 00:32:29,850
1743
+ ููƒูŠู ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฎุจ ุงู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆุตู„
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:32:29,850 --> 00:32:35,100
1747
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŸุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ alteration ..
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:32:35,100 --> 00:32:38,720
1751
+ alteration ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„membrane permeability ุนู†
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:41,560
1755
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ binding ู„ู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุชุจุท ููŠ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:44,320
1759
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ cell membrane ูุจูŠุนู…ู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:47,180
1763
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ disruption .. disruption ู„ู„ู…embrane
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:32:47,180 --> 00:32:51,420
1767
+ integrity ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ lysis ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„stryptomycin
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:32:51,420 --> 00:32:55,480
1771
+ O ูƒู„ู…ุฉ stryptomycin O ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ O ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุชุนู†ูŠ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:32:55,480 --> 00:32:59,110
1775
+ Oxidin ู„ุง bindู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:32:59,110 --> 00:33:02,470
1779
+ Striptococcus ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† Striptococcus ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:33:02,470 --> 00:33:07,810
1783
+ Striptolysin O ูˆ Striptolysin S ุงู„ S ุชุนู†ูŠ Stable ูˆ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:33:07,810 --> 00:33:12,850
1787
+ Striptolysin O ุชุนู†ูŠ LavaูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:33:12,850 --> 00:33:15,950
1791
+ Striptolysin O ุชุจุน Striptococcus ูˆ Striptolysin O
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:33:15,950 --> 00:33:21,040
1795
+ ุชุจุน Clostridium ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ Detergent-likeูƒู„ูƒู…
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,080
1799
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู€ detergents ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูุงุช ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:26,220
1803
+ ุงู„ู‡ุง hydrophilic end ูˆ hydrophobic end ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:33:26,220 --> 00:33:29,400
1807
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ phospholipids ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:33:29,400 --> 00:33:32,840
1811
+ interaction ุจูŠู† ุงู„ phospholipids ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:35,540
1815
+ cell membrane ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ detergent ุงูŠุถุง ุญู„ุงุฌ ุงู†
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:33:35,540 --> 00:33:38,820
1819
+ ูŠุตู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง disruption ู„ู„ integrity of the membrane
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:33:38,820 --> 00:33:43,500
1823
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุดุจุงุจ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ rapid lyses rapid
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:33:43,500 --> 00:33:49,140
1827
+ lyses ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุญู„ู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู„ุฎุตุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ .. ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:33:49,140 --> 00:33:52,840
1831
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ุฃุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:57,060
1835
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŸ LysesุŒ LysesุŒ ุฃุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:33:57,060 --> 00:34:01,420
1839
+ LysesุŒ ุงู„ target ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:34:01,420 --> 00:34:04,760
1843
+ still membraneุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงูุŒ ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:07,660
1847
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงูุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู…ู„
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:34:07,660 --> 00:34:11,390
1851
+ activation ู„ู„ .. ุนููˆุงู‹ุŒ hydrolysis ู„ู„ูุณููˆุงู„ .. ุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:34:11,390 --> 00:34:14,950
1855
+ .. ุงู„ lipid ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ .. ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุช .. ุงู„ุช ..
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:17,370
1859
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ detergent-like activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:34:17,370 --> 00:34:19,970
1863
+ ุงู„ interaction ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hydrophilic end
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:34:19,970 --> 00:34:23,170
1867
+ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุนู…ู„ disruption ุงู„ integrity of the
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:34:23,170 --> 00:34:26,070
1871
+ membraneุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ lysisุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ lysis ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:34:26,070 --> 00:34:28,210
1875
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ red blood cellุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:34:29,620 --> 00:34:33,280
1879
+ Hemolysis ู†ุนู… ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Hemolysis ูˆูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:35,100
1883
+ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ Hemolysis ุฅู† ููŠ ุงู„ diagnostic
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:34:35,100 --> 00:34:39,640
1887
+ microbiology ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ Alpha ูˆ Beta ูˆ Gamma ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:43,060
1891
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ู… ู…ู† ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูŠู† ููŠ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:34:43,060 --> 00:34:47,670
1895
+ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:34:47,670 --> 00:34:51,050
1899
+ beta-hemolytic streptococci ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ streptococcus
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:34:51,050 --> 00:34:53,650
1903
+ biodeins ุฃูˆ streptococcus agalactia ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:34:53,650 --> 00:34:56,470
1907
+ streptococcus pneumonia ู‡ูŠ alpha-hemolytic
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:34:56,470 --> 00:35:00,690
1911
+ streptococci ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:35:00,690 --> 00:35:04,330
1915
+ hemolysis ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:35:04,330 --> 00:35:06,270
1919
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ micro organisms
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:35:08,750 --> 00:35:13,390
1923
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ examples ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ exotoxins
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:35:13,390 --> 00:35:18,610
1927
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชู‡ุฏู cellular targets ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุจ ููŠู†
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:35:18,610 --> 00:35:24,190
1931
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุญุงู†ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ adenylate cyclase toxin ุณูŠุจูˆู†ุง ู…ู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:35:24,190 --> 00:35:27,330
1935
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:35:27,330 --> 00:35:32,050
1939
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ toxin ุณูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ adenylate cyclase
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:35:32,050 --> 00:35:39,720
1943
+ toxin ุชุณู…ุน ุฃุจูˆ ุญุณู† ุนู† Cyclic AMPุŸุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:35:39,720 --> 00:35:46,720
1947
+ ุงุฏู†ุงู„ูŠุช ุณุงูŠูƒู„ูŠุฒ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:53,340
1951
+ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ ATP ุงู„ู‰ ุณุงูƒู„ ูƒูŠุงู† ุฏูŠุทุจ ุงู„ Cyclic AMP ู‡ูˆ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:35:53,340 --> 00:35:57,680
1955
+ ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุณุงู… ูˆู„ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŸ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุฅู„ู‡ normal function
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:35:57,680 --> 00:36:03,340
1959
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจุฌู…ู„ุฉ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:36:03,340 --> 00:36:07,400
1963
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ุฃู† ุชู…ุชุต ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:14,660
1967
+ ูˆุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ secretion ุชุจุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุชุจูŠุณู…ุญ ูˆุจูŠู…ู†ุน
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:36:14,660 --> 00:36:21,420
1971
+ ุงู…ุงู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ูˆุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:36:21,420 --> 00:36:24,460
1975
+ ุงู„ electrolytes ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ electrolytesุŸ ุงู„
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:36:24,460 --> 00:36:27,040
1979
+ sodium ูˆ ุงู„ chloride ูˆ ุงู„ calcium ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:36:27,040 --> 00:36:31,420
1983
+ ู„ุฃู† ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฌุง cycle kmb ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:36:31,420 --> 00:36:38,650
1987
+ ุงุชูุถู„ ุงุทู„ุน ุงุฏุฎู„ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุนุดุฑุฉุตุงุฑ ูˆูŠุงุด ุงู„ุขู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:36:38,650 --> 00:36:42,210
1991
+ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุฒุงุฏุช ูˆู„ุง ุฌู„ุชุŸ ุฒุงุฏุช ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ู… ุตุงุฑูˆุง
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:36:42,210 --> 00:36:48,710
1995
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏุช ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุฉ ุจูŠุชุฑุงูƒู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:36:48,710 --> 00:36:55,270
1999
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ electrolytes ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:36:55,270 --> 00:37:00,460
2003
+ electrolytes ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุช ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:37:00,460 --> 00:37:05,320
2007
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุณูŠุกุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:37:05,320 --> 00:37:11,620
2011
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ ุจุฑุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุถุบุท ุฃุตู…ูˆุฒูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:37:11,620 --> 00:37:17,600
2015
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุกุŒ ุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุกุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูุฑุถุช
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:24,950
2019
+ ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงู‚ ุจุชุณุจุจู† ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉุฅุฐุง
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:37:24,950 --> 00:37:29,990
2023
+ ุฃูุฑุฒุช ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉุŒ ูุจุชุณู…ู‰
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:37:29,990 --> 00:37:33,490
2027
+ ุงู„ุงุฏู…ุงุกุŒ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุงุฏู…ุงุกุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู‚ุงุกุŒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:37:33,490 --> 00:37:36,310
2031
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:37:36,310 --> 00:37:40,370
2035
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ุจุชู†ูุฎ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ุจูŠู†ูุฎ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑุŒ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒูˆู†ุช
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:37:40,370 --> 00:37:43,830
2039
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุณุจุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูƒู…ุงู†
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:37:43,830 --> 00:37:48,410
2043
+ ู…ุฑุฉุŸุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ electrolytesุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุช ุงู„
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:37:48,410 --> 00:37:52,230
2047
+ electrolytesุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ cyclic AMP ุฒุงุฏุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูˆุฏ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:37:52,230 --> 00:37:56,270
2051
+ ุงู„ cyclic AMPุŸ ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:37:56,270 --> 00:37:59,310
2055
+ adenylate cyclase ุชูˆูƒุณูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:37:59,310 --> 00:38:01,730
2059
+ bordetella speciesุŒ ุงู„ bordetella ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุจุจ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:38:01,730 --> 00:38:05,730
2063
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:38:05,730 --> 00:38:09,430
2067
+ pertosisุŒ ุณู…ุนุช ููŠู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุณู…ุนุชุด ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู…ูŠู„ุงู†ูŠุŒ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:38:09,430 --> 00:38:15,380
2071
+ ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠู„ุง ู…ุด ุฏูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุงูˆู„ุง ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนุทู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:38:15,380 --> 00:38:21,100
2075
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ respiratory system ูˆุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนุจุฑ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:38:21,100 --> 00:38:25,000
2079
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุฉ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:29,700
2083
+ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุทุฑุฏ ู„ู„
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:38:29,700 --> 00:38:33,920
2087
+ sputum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:38:33,920 --> 00:38:39,860
2091
+ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:38:39,860 --> 00:38:43,200
2095
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุจูˆุฑุชูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:38:43,200 --> 00:38:48,140
2099
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุง reaction ู‡ุฐุง
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:38:48,140 --> 00:38:53,720
2103
+ ู…ุด normal ูุจุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:38:53,720 --> 00:38:59,700
2107
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุจูŠูˆุชุงู… ูˆุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:38:59,700 --> 00:39:04,240
2111
+ vasoconstriction ู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุงูุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ู…ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู„ู‚ู…
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:39:04,240 --> 00:39:07,540
2115
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ cuffing mechanism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:39:07,540 --> 00:39:10,480
2119
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ irritation
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:16,840
2123
+ ูุจูŠูƒุญุŒ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ูƒุญ ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:39:16,840 --> 00:39:21,500
2127
+ ุงู„ stimuli ุจุชูƒูˆู† continuousุŒ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ continuousุŸ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:39:21,500 --> 00:39:25,400
2131
+ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูุจูŠุถู„ ูŠูƒุญ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต ูƒู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:29,510
2135
+ lungsูู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู†
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:39:29,510 --> 00:39:32,710
2139
+ ูŠูุนู„ุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:38,290
2143
+ constructed trachea ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุถูŠู‚ุฉ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:39:38,290 --> 00:39:47,270
2147
+ ูู„ู…ุง ูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุตููŠุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒ ูุณู…ูˆู‡
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:39:47,270 --> 00:39:52,080
2151
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mechanism of
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:56,240
2155
+ disease ู‡ู†ู‚ุฑุตู‡ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุบู„ุชุงู†
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:39:56,240 --> 00:40:00,220
2159
+ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ vasoconstriction ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:40:00,220 --> 00:40:03,160
2163
+ ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุง ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:40:03,160 --> 00:40:06,580
2167
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ููŠู† ุงู„ anthrax toxinุŸ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ anthrax toxin
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:40:06,580 --> 00:40:13,480
2171
+ ู…ุนุฌุฒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู†
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:40:13,480 --> 00:40:19,450
2175
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸุจุณ a1 ูˆ a2 ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ a ูˆุงุญุฏ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:40:19,450 --> 00:40:25,450
2179
+ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† a ุงุชู†ูŠู† a ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง edema factor ุงูˆ ef
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:40:25,450 --> 00:40:33,570
2183
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ef ูˆ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ f lethal factor ูŠุจู‚ู‰
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:40:33,570 --> 00:40:36,990
2187
+ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถ a1 ูˆ a2 ุตุญุŸ edema factor ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:40:36,990 --> 00:40:38,370
2191
+ lethal factor
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:40:41,150 --> 00:40:44,910
2195
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุด ุงูˆ ุงุดู„ ุงูˆู„ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงุดุชุบู„ increases in cyclic
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:40:44,910 --> 00:40:52,070
2199
+ AMP level ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:40:52,070 --> 00:40:55,610
2203
+ ุตุญุŸ ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ fluid accumulation
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:40:55,610 --> 00:40:58,770
2207
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ lethal factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:40:58,770 --> 00:41:03,330
2211
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ PA ุงู„ PA ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู„ PA ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ fragment
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:08,760
2215
+ protective antigen ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง protective ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:41:08,760 --> 00:41:11,860
2219
+ ุจูŠ ูุฑุงุฌู…ู†ุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ูุฑุงุฌู…ู†ุช ู„ู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:41:11,860 --> 00:41:16,060
2223
+ ุงูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุงู„ุตุญุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:41:16,060 --> 00:41:19,700
2227
+ ู†ุนู… ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู†ุง ุงูŠ ูˆุงู† ูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุชูˆ
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:41:19,700 --> 00:41:24,820
2231
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ two
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:41:24,820 --> 00:41:27,800
2235
+ toxins ุงูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุตู…ุฉ
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:41:37,030 --> 00:41:42,670
2239
+ ุงู„ู€ Botulinum Toxin ุดูˆููˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Toxin ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุณู…
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:41:42,670 --> 00:41:48,730
2243
+ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุณู…ุŒ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุชุฐูˆู‚
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:41:48,730 --> 00:41:53,510
2247
+ ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุฐูˆู‚ุŒ ุชุฐูˆู‚ ู…ุด ู…ุถุบ ูˆ ุจู„ุนุŒ ุชุฐูˆู‚ ูˆุถุน
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:41:53,510 --> 00:41:58,410
2251
+ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุทุนุงู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Botulinum
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:41:58,410 --> 00:42:04,380
2255
+ Toxin ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุชุฐูˆู‚ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูู‡ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู‰
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:42:04,380 --> 00:42:08,700
2259
+ ุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ pure toxin
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:42:08,700 --> 00:42:13,700
2263
+ has twenty million lethal doses for mice ุนุดุฑูŠู†
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:42:13,700 --> 00:42:18,680
2267
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ D50 ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ D50ุŸ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:22,460
2271
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูุงุฑุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:42:22,460 --> 00:42:25,340
2275
+ toxin ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ toxin ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:42:25,340 --> 00:42:29,410
2279
+ ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ูุจูŠุญู‚ู†ู‡ ..
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:42:29,410 --> 00:42:33,010
2283
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุจูŠุญู‚ู†ู‡ู… ุจ .. ุจุญู‚ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ู…
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:42:33,010 --> 00:42:37,910
2287
+ ุดู„ู„ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุฆูŠ .. ุดู„ู„ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุฆูŠ ูู„ู…ุง ุชุฑุชุฎูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:42:37,910 --> 00:42:41,210
2291
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุชุฌุงุนุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุทุจุนุง
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:42:41,210 --> 00:42:45,250
2295
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฉ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ุทุจุนุง
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:42:45,250 --> 00:42:48,440
2299
+ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠููŠ
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:42:48,440 --> 00:42:52,520
2303
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… .. ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:58,560
2307
+ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุญูˆุงุฏุซุŒ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุฎุงุก
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:42:58,560 --> 00:43:03,390
2311
+ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฎูู ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููุชุฑุฉ
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:43:03,390 --> 00:43:06,870
2315
+ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุญ ููŠู‡ ุชูŠุงุจูˆุณ ููŠ
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:43:06,870 --> 00:43:10,750
2319
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญู‚ู†ู‡ ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ ู…ุฎููุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ู…ู†
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:43:10,750 --> 00:43:14,650
2323
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุก ูˆูŠุณุงุนุฏู‡ู… ููŠ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:43:14,650 --> 00:43:18,010
2327
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ูƒู†
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:43:18,010 --> 00:43:24,300
2331
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุจูˆุชู„ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุณุงู… ุฌุฏุง ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:43:24,300 --> 00:43:29,560
2335
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:35,220
2339
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ A-subunit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ A
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:43:35,220 --> 00:43:38,960
2343
+ irreversibly inhibits the release of the
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:43:38,960 --> 00:43:41,860
2347
+ stimulatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine ุงุญู†ุง
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:43:41,860 --> 00:43:46,040
2351
+ ุจูŠุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠู† ุฏูŠุŸ
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:43:48,060 --> 00:43:51,880
2355
+ contraction ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ relaxation ุงู„ contraction ูŠุง
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:43:51,880 --> 00:43:54,660
2359
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู†ุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ release of
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:43:54,660 --> 00:43:57,920
2363
+ acetylcholine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ neurotransmitter ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:43:57,920 --> 00:44:03,500
2367
+ ุนู†ู‡ neurotransmitter ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ blocking ..
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:44:03,500 --> 00:44:06,400
2371
+ blocking ู„ู„ neurotransmitter ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:09,160
2375
+ contractionูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ุงุญูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฏูˆุณุชูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:44:09,160 --> 00:44:13,220
2379
+ ุงู„ุงูŠุงู† ุงุฑุชุฎุงุก ูˆุงุฎูŠุฑุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุดุฑู„
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:44:13,220 --> 00:44:17,780
2383
+ flaccid paralysis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฑู„ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุฆูŠ flaccid
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:44:17,780 --> 00:44:21,900
2387
+ paralysis ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุจูŠุณุจุจ
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:44:21,900 --> 00:44:26,200
2391
+ spastic paralysis ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:44:26,200 --> 00:44:29,340
2395
+ ุงู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุชุญุท ุจูˆุชูˆูƒุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:44:29,340 --> 00:44:30,920
2399
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุณุชูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŸ
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:44:35,560 --> 00:44:39,800
2403
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† .. ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:44:39,800 --> 00:44:45,320
2407
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุฎุชู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:49,380
2411
+ ADP ribosylation ุงู„ adenylate cyclase ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:44:49,380 --> 00:44:51,740
2415
+ human of the intestine ุทุงู„ุน ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:44:51,740 --> 00:44:55,300
2419
+ ุงู„ูุฌูˆุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ intestine ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:44:55,300 --> 00:45:00,140
2423
+ adenylate cyclaseุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุฑุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ADP
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:45:00,140 --> 00:45:04,260
2427
+ -ribosylation ู„ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ADP-ribosylation ุงู„ ATP
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:45:04,260 --> 00:45:11,180
2431
+ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Cyclic AMP ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ Cyclic AMP ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:45:11,180 --> 00:45:15,440
2435
+ ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ูˆ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ electrolytes
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:45:15,440 --> 00:45:18,560
2439
+ ู‡ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ electrolytes ููŠ ุงู„ human
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:45:18,560 --> 00:45:22,520
2443
+ of the intestine ุดุนูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุฅู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:45:22,520 --> 00:45:27,500
2447
+ ู…ู†ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ electrolytes ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:45:27,500 --> 00:45:31,760
2451
+ ูŠูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ ูŠุณุจุจ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:45:31,760 --> 00:45:36,960
2455
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ watery ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:45:36,960 --> 00:45:40,480
2459
+ ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ูˆุตู ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ stool ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:45:40,480 --> 00:45:42,640
2463
+ ุงู„ stool ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุชูˆุงู† .. ุชูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุชุชูู†ู†ูˆุง ููŠ
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:45:42,640 --> 00:45:49,610
2467
+ ูˆุตู ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ stool fluidwatery, semi-soft, formed
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:45:49,610 --> 00:45:53,190
2471
+ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎุฏุชูˆุด ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุตู
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:45:53,190 --> 00:45:57,670
2475
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุตู ู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูุญุต ุงู„ stool ู…ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:45:57,670 --> 00:46:02,270
2479
+ ู…ุณุชุบุฑุจุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูู„ู…ุง .. ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ rice water stool
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:46:02,270 --> 00:46:08,150
2483
+ stool ูŠุดุจู‡ ู…ุงุก ุบุณูŠู„ ุงู„ุฑุฒ ุงู„ุฑุฒ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุบุณู„ู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:46:08,150 --> 00:46:13,030
2487
+ ู…ู„ูƒูŠูุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ุฑู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ stool ุชุจุนู‡
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:15,890
2491
+ ุจูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ characteristics ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:46:15,890 --> 00:46:19,570
2495
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ู‰ dehydration ูˆ ู‚ุฏ
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:46:19,570 --> 00:46:22,850
2499
+ ุชุณุจุจ ูˆูุงุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:46:22,850 --> 00:46:26,810
2503
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
2504
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/eUYq8JyIKiw_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/eUYq8JyIKiw_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2508 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,470 --> 00:00:23,430
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏุฃู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,430 --> 00:00:27,010
7
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,010 --> 00:00:31,610
11
+ micro organism ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุญู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ nutrient
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,610 --> 00:00:34,050
15
+ availability ูˆู…ูŠุฒู†ุง ุฌูˆู†ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ nutrient presence
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:34,050 --> 00:00:37,270
19
+ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† nutrient availabilityูˆ ุงู„ physical
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,270 --> 00:00:40,350
23
+ environmental parameter ุฒูŠ ุงู„ water activity ูˆ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:40,350 --> 00:00:44,350
27
+ ุงูŠุถุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุนุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู†ูˆุน ู…ุฑุชุจุท ูˆู‡ุฐุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:49,170
31
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุงุญ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุชุงุญ ุงูˆ ุญุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:52,770
35
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุง free water ูˆุณูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ุจู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ water
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:52,770 --> 00:00:56,030
39
+ activity ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ osmotic
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:56,030 --> 00:01:01,880
43
+ pressure ุงู„ุฏุบุท ุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุงุฒูŠูˆูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:01,880 --> 00:01:07,100
47
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:07,100 --> 00:01:10,640
51
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ micro organisms ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:14,180
55
+ oxygen ูˆุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pH ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ oxygen ุงู†ุชูˆุง
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,180 --> 00:01:17,420
59
+ ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ general microbiology ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:17,420 --> 00:01:21,840
63
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู…ุตู†ูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุญุงุฌุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ oxygen ูู…ุซู„ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:21,840 --> 00:01:25,040
67
+ aerobic ุงู†ุง aerobic facultative micro aerophilic
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:27,400
71
+ ุงูŠุฑูˆุชูŠู„ูˆู„ุงู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ู†ุงู‚ุดู‡ู… ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:33,980
75
+ ุงู„ู€ pH ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ pH ููŠู‡ minimum ูˆ optimum ูˆ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,980 --> 00:01:37,660
79
+ maximum minimum below which there is no growth
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,660 --> 00:01:40,300
83
+ maximum above which there is no growth ูˆ ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,300 --> 00:01:43,220
87
+ optimum ู„ growth ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูƒูˆู† optimum at
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,220 --> 00:01:45,520
91
+ that pH ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:49,020
95
+ ู„ุญู„ุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุงู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,020 --> 00:01:51,680
99
+ temperature ููŠู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุจ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ low
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:54,240
103
+ temperature ูˆ high temperature ูˆ mesophilic
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,860
107
+ temperature ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ host immune
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:56,860 --> 00:02:02,530
111
+ system ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุทุฃูˆ ุจู†ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุจุณูŠุท ุงู„ HIV
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:02,530 --> 00:02:06,850
115
+ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ aids ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… immune system ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:09,970
119
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช .. ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:09,970 --> 00:02:13,310
123
+ pathogenic ุฃูˆ non pathogenic ุจุชุนู…ู„ pathogenesis
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:13,310 --> 00:02:17,270
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ it can grow and multiply and
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:17,270 --> 00:02:21,510
131
+ colonize and infect and cause disease ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู…
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:21,510 --> 00:02:25,210
135
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูˆุดimmune system ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ุณุชู†ุดู‚
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:25,210 --> 00:02:29,650
139
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู†ุตุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุฏุฑุงู† ุจุงู„ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:29,650 --> 00:02:33,790
143
+ immune system ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ ุนุฏู… ู†ู‡ูˆ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:33,790 --> 00:02:39,790
147
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฃูˆุฑูŠุฌุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ nutrient availability ุณูŠุจูˆู†ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:39,790 --> 00:02:43,230
151
+ ู†ู„ูˆุญู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุทู„ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ nutrient
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:43,230 --> 00:02:47,030
155
+ availability ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงุดุชุบู„ุชูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ blood
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:47,030 --> 00:02:50,770
159
+ agar ูˆ nutrient agar ูˆ Makunky ุงูˆุณุงุท ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:50,770 --> 00:02:56,300
163
+ ูˆู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉู„ูˆ ู‚ุฑุฃู†ุง ุงู„ label ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนู„ุจุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:56,300 --> 00:03:01,070
167
+ ุงู†ู‡ ..carbon source carbon source ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:01,070 --> 00:03:05,270
171
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุณุงูƒุฑูˆุฒ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุดุง ุงูˆ ุงูŠ other
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:05,270 --> 00:03:07,830
175
+ carbohydrate ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ nitrogen source ุงูŠุด ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:07,830 --> 00:03:10,930
179
+ nitrogen sourceุŸ ุจูŠุจุชูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุจุชูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:10,930 --> 00:03:14,210
183
+ ู…ุณุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุญู… ูˆ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ amino acids ูˆ ุงู„ amino
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:14,210 --> 00:03:17,170
187
+ acids ุณู…ูŠุช amino acids ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ amino
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:17,170 --> 00:03:19,850
191
+ group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ nitrogen ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ carbon
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:19,850 --> 00:03:23,230
195
+ source ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ nitrogen source ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:23,230 --> 00:03:28,330
199
+ ู„ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:28,330 --> 00:03:32,170
203
+ building blocks ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:32,170 --> 00:03:35,550
207
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฅู†ู‡ุง carbon source ูˆ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:35,550 --> 00:03:39,950
211
+ nitrogen source ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ุดุงู† ุฌุงุจุช ู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฏู‡
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:39,950 --> 00:03:44,870
215
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ fastidias ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุฃูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง complex
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:44,870 --> 00:03:48,530
219
+ nutritional requirements ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ complexุŸ ู…ุคู‚ุฏุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:48,530 --> 00:03:52,610
223
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุจ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุงุจุชุทู„ุจู‡ุงุด
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:52,610 --> 00:03:57,310
227
+ ูˆ ุจุชุญุท ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงููŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Hemophilus
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:57,310 --> 00:04:02,530
231
+ Influenza ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุดุชู‡ุฑ ุจุญุงุฌุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:02,530 --> 00:04:08,910
235
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ู… X ูˆ V factors ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ู„ูˆ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:08,910 --> 00:04:11,430
239
+ ุญุงุทุทู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ carbon sources ูˆ ุงู„ natural sources
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:11,430 --> 00:04:15,210
243
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ elements ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:15,210 --> 00:04:18,670
247
+ X ูˆ V factors ูู‡ู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Brucella
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:19,860 --> 00:04:26,140
251
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุซูŠุงู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ุง vitamin B ุจุฏูˆู† ู„ุงู†ุชู†ู…ูˆ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:26,140 --> 00:04:28,240
255
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:32,420
259
+ fastidious ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:32,420 --> 00:04:38,780
263
+ ู…ุทู„ุจุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:38,780 --> 00:04:41,980
267
+ ุงู„ุตูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ major essential
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:41,980 --> 00:04:44,980
271
+ elements ูˆ minor essential elements ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:44,980 --> 00:04:47,140
275
+ ุนู† ุงู„ minor essential ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‡ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:47,140 --> 00:04:53,020
279
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุณูŠู†ู‚ู„ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถุฏ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:53,020 --> 00:04:58,160
283
+ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠู‚ุงู
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:03,310
287
+ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ copperุงู„ู†ุญุงุณุŒ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:03,310 --> 00:05:07,570
291
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:07,570 --> 00:05:11,830
295
+ ููŠ ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:11,830 --> 00:05:16,870
299
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุถุฑ mediaุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ูŠู‡ุŸ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:16,870 --> 00:05:20,490
303
+ ู…ุงุกุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจูŠูƒูˆู† distilled waterุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุงุก ุญู†ููŠุŒ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:20,490 --> 00:05:25,050
307
+ ู…ุด tap waterุŒ distilled waterูƒุงู† ุฒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:25,050 --> 00:05:28,730
311
+ ุชู‚ุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุชุจุนุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:28,730 --> 00:05:32,350
315
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุฑ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:32,350 --> 00:05:35,830
319
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญ ู„ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:35,830 --> 00:05:38,910
323
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุบู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ูˆุจุชู„ู‚ุงุช
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:38,910 --> 00:05:44,290
327
+ ู„ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู…ุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงุงู„ water activity
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:44,290 --> 00:05:47,330
331
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจู†ุนุจู‘ู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ water activity AW
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:47,330 --> 00:05:55,830
335
+ ูˆ ุงู„ AW ุจุชู…ุซู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:55,830 --> 00:05:59,670
339
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ูˆ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:59,670 --> 00:06:03,210
343
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญ ุจุฏู‡ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:03,210 --> 00:06:10,410
347
+ ุงู†ุง ุถูุช ู…ู„ุญ ูˆุถูุช ู…ูŠู‡ ุถูุช ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:10,410 --> 00:06:14,880
351
+ ุงู„ุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู…ุงุกู…ุงุญุณุจุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุทุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง free
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:17,980
355
+ water ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุท ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:17,980 --> 00:06:22,820
359
+ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ water activity ุจู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:22,820 --> 00:06:28,580
363
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงูˆุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆุงุฆู„ ุทุฑู‚ ุญูุธ ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:28,580 --> 00:06:35,180
367
+ ุงู„ุชุฌููŠู ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูˆุงู„ุชุฌููŠู ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู†ุฒุน ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงุฒุงู„ุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:35,180 --> 00:06:39,960
371
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ water activityุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:39,960 --> 00:06:44,920
375
+ ุจุงู„ุชู…ู„ูŠุญ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ู„ูŠุญ ุจูŠุฎุฏู… ุบุฑุถูŠู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู†ู‡
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:48,100
379
+ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ osmotic pressure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:48,100 --> 00:06:52,100
383
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุนุดุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุงุดูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุจู‘ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:52,100 --> 00:06:55,460
387
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณููƒุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณููƒุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญุŒ ุฏู‡
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:55,460 --> 00:06:59,720
391
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:02,980
395
+ ุจูŠู…ุทุต ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌุฏ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€osmotic
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:02,980 --> 00:07:05,600
399
+ pressureุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุนุช ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจู‘ุฉุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:05,600 --> 00:07:09,140
403
+ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:09,140 --> 00:07:12,700
407
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ carbon source ูˆ ุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:12,700 --> 00:07:16,900
411
+ nitrogen source ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ูˆูุฑ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:16,900 --> 00:07:20,320
415
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูˆูุฑู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆูุŒ ูƒู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:20,320 --> 00:07:26,320
419
+ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ oxygen ุงุญูุธูˆู‡ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุณุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:30,060
423
+ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:30,060 --> 00:07:32,760
427
+ ู‚ุงุนุฉ ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู‚ู…ุต ุฃุตุงุจุน
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:32,760 --> 00:07:37,710
431
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…obligate ุงูŠุฑูˆุจุŒ obligate ุงู†ุง ุงูŠุฑูˆุจุŒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:37,710 --> 00:07:41,770
435
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต facultate ุงู†ุง ุงูŠุฑูˆุจุŒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุณุนุฑู‡ุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ููŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:41,770 --> 00:07:45,310
439
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง microaerophilicุŒ ุฎุฏูˆุง
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:45,310 --> 00:07:48,370
443
+ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ twenty
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:48,370 --> 00:07:52,950
447
+ percent ุงูˆ twenty one percentุŒ this is what is
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:57,120
451
+ known as aerobic environmentุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:01,700
455
+ microaerophilic ุดุจุงุจ require only 5% ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:01,700 --> 00:08:05,340
459
+ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง microaerophilic ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูˆูุฑ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:05,340 --> 00:08:10,730
463
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุงุชุฌูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ15% ู…ู† ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:10,730 --> 00:08:15,210
467
+ Oxygen ุงูˆ 16% ู…ู† ุงู„ Oxygen ูˆ ุชุฎู„ูŠ ูู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ 5% ุนู„ู‰
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:15,210 --> 00:08:17,350
471
+ ุทุฑู ุงู„ .. ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ answer ู„ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:17,350 --> 00:08:20,930
475
+ obligate aerobic obligate ุฃู†ุง aerobic facultative
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:20,930 --> 00:08:24,090
479
+ ุฃู†ุง aerobic ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ micro aerophilic ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:24,090 --> 00:08:27,330
483
+ aerotolerant ุฃู†ุง aerobic ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:27,330 --> 00:08:32,430
487
+ aerotolerant ุฃู†ุง aerobic ู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆูŠุฉู…ุทู„ู‚ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:32,430 --> 00:08:38,090
491
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุทูˆุฑุช ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:38,090 --> 00:08:43,610
495
+ ูˆููŠ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุญู…ู„ tolerant ุงูˆ uses ุงูˆ utilizes
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:43,610 --> 00:08:46,850
499
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชูˆุธู ุงู„ oxygen ููŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:46,850 --> 00:08:51,370
503
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ oxida ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุชุญู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:51,370 --> 00:08:55,630
507
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุชุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุงู„ oxygenุŒ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:55,630 --> 00:09:01,370
511
+ ุงุฐุง ุฎู…ุณ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:01,370 --> 00:09:07,670
515
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ incubation ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุงุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูŠุงู† ู…ู‡ู†ู‘ุงุŸ ุงู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:07,670 --> 00:09:12,450
519
+ aerobes ูˆ ุงู„ facultative ุฃู†ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ูู‚ุท ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:12,450 --> 00:09:15,550
523
+ aerotolerant ูˆ ุงู„ obligate ุฃู†ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ูˆ ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:15,550 --> 00:09:18,010
527
+ microaerophilic ุจุฏู‡ู… environment ุฎุงุตุฉ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:18,010 --> 00:09:21,150
531
+ ุจู†ุทูˆุฑู†ุง ุงู„ CO2 incubation ูˆ ุทูˆุฑู†ุง ุงู„ anaerobic
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:21,150 --> 00:09:24,050
535
+ incubation ูˆ ุงู„ microaerophilic incubationุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:24,050 --> 00:09:29,370
539
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ aerobic incubationุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:29,370 --> 00:09:33,230
543
+ ุจู†ุฌูŠุฒ ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ .. ุจู†ุฌูŠุฒ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ hydrogen
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:33,230 --> 00:09:37,930
547
+ ion concentration ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ scale ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:37,930 --> 00:09:42,450
551
+ ุตูุฑ ู„ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ู†ูŠูˆุชุฑุงู„ ู…ู† ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ููˆู‚ ุฃู„ูƒุงู„ุงูŠู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:42,450 --> 00:09:47,290
555
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุช ุฃุณุฏูƒ most medically important bacteria
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:47,290 --> 00:09:50,970
559
+ can grow at a pH near neutrality ูƒู„ู…ุฉ near
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:50,970 --> 00:09:54,770
563
+ neutrality ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ูƒู†
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:54,770 --> 00:09:58,510
567
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ exceptionูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ exception ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:58,510 --> 00:10:02,170
571
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุณุชุบู„ ุงู„ exception ุงุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:02,170 --> 00:10:07,290
575
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ favorable pH ุชุจุนู‡ุง alkaline ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:07,290 --> 00:10:12,430
579
+ ุงู…ู†ุน ู†ู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู†ุงุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง acid ู…ุซุงู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุตู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:12,430 --> 00:10:15,410
583
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุฃุจุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุฉ ููƒุงู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฑุดุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุนุทูŽุนุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:15,410 --> 00:10:19,770
587
+ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุณุชุทุน ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจูŠุบู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูุถุน ุนู„ูŠู‡
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:19,770 --> 00:10:24,810
591
+ ุจุถุนุฉ ู‚ุทุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠู…ูˆู† ุฃุจุงุฑุนู†ู‡ acid ุจูŠุฎูุถ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:24,810 --> 00:10:29,510
595
+ ุงู„ pH ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ Vibrio cholera
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:29,510 --> 00:10:33,650
599
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:33,650 --> 00:10:36,610
603
+ Vibrocolera ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:36,610 --> 00:10:39,970
607
+ ุจุชุญุจ ุงู„ alkaline pHุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุนุฒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† stool
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:39,970 --> 00:10:43,790
611
+ ุจูˆุฑุงุฒ ุฃูƒุฑู…ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ stool ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:43,790 --> 00:10:48,270
615
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฌูŠุฑุงุซูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ููƒูŠู ู„ูŠ ุฃู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:48,270 --> 00:10:53,130
619
+ ุฃุนุฒู„ Vibrocolera ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชุŸุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ููŠ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:53,130 --> 00:10:58,150
623
+ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ ู…ุน
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:58,150 --> 00:11:01,430
627
+ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ vibroูƒู„ุฑุฉ ุจุชุญุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุธู„ู‡ุง
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:01,430 --> 00:11:05,870
631
+ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ุงุธู† ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุน ูˆููŠ ุงู„ control
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:05,870 --> 00:11:11,830
635
+ ุงู„ temperature ููŠู†ุง ุชู„ุช ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุช ุฃุตู†ุงู
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:11,830 --> 00:11:16,690
639
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู…ุง psychrophilic ู…ุญุจุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุนูƒุณู‡ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:16,690 --> 00:11:22,550
643
+ thermophilic ูŠุนู†ูŠheat-loving ุจุชุญุจ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:22,550 --> 00:11:27,290
647
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูˆุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:27,290 --> 00:11:31,150
651
+ ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠู‡ exterminophiles
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:31,150 --> 00:11:35,850
655
+ exterminophiles ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุจุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:35,850 --> 00:11:41,330
659
+ ุฃูู†ุฌุงุด ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‚ุฏ .. ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ .. ู…ุด .. ู‡ู… ู…ุด
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:41,330 --> 00:11:45,390
663
+ ุจุงู„ุจุฑุงูƒูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:45,390 --> 00:11:49,030
667
+ ุจุงู„ thermal vents ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:49,030 --> 00:11:52,970
671
+ ู‚ูŠุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุณุฎู†ุฉ ูˆู‚ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฃูƒู…
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:52,970 --> 00:11:58,730
675
+ ุฃู„ู ู…ุชุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุถุฎู… ุฌุฏุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูุถุบุท ุงู„ู…ุงุก .. ุถุบุท ุงู„ู…ุงุก
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:58,730 --> 00:12:02,370
679
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุถุบุท ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:02,370 --> 00:12:06,450
683
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุทู„ ุจุงุณู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ 150 ูˆ200 ูˆ .. ูˆ Lego
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:06,450 --> 00:12:11,830
687
+ bacteria ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ูŠุจุฌุฃ .. ุจุณ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:11,830 --> 00:12:14,570
691
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุฌุงุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุชูˆุณุน ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุฏู†ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:14,570 --> 00:12:19,390
695
+ ู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ุด ุนุทูˆุงู†
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:20,610 --> 00:12:26,310
699
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ุด ุนุทูˆุงู‹ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู…ู… ูˆุดุนูˆุจ ูˆู‚ุจุงุฆู„ ูˆุนุงุฆู„ุงุช
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:26,310 --> 00:12:31,790
703
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ูƒู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆู† ูƒู„ ู„ู‡ ุตูุงุช ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:31,790 --> 00:12:34,530
707
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:34,530 --> 00:12:38,270
711
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุตู†ู ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:38,270 --> 00:12:42,650
715
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู„ุง ูŠุฎุทุฑ ุจุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:42,650 --> 00:12:46,920
719
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุงู„ู…ูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:46,920 --> 00:12:49,360
723
+ ู†ู‡ุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ medical microbiology ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุจ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:52,300
727
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ 37
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:52,300 --> 00:12:57,920
731
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ 101 competition ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:57,920 --> 00:13:02,900
735
+ ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุทุงู„ุจ ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุฆุฉ ุทุงู„ุจ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:02,900 --> 00:13:06,540
739
+ ูุฑุตุชูƒ ููŠ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุทู„ุน ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:06,540 --> 00:13:10,400
743
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎู…ุณ ุทู„ุงุจ ูุฑุตุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทู„ุจุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:10,400 --> 00:13:14,350
747
+ ูุฑุตุชูƒ ุฅูŠุดุจุณุจุจ ุงูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ competition ููŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:14,350 --> 00:13:17,690
751
+ competition ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ micro organism ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:17,690 --> 00:13:21,590
755
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ูˆ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:21,590 --> 00:13:28,730
759
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุชุชู†ุงูุณ ู‡ุชุชู†ุงูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:28,730 --> 00:13:32,430
763
+ space ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ nutrients
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:37,700
767
+ ูููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ููŠ ุธู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุชุฌ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:37,700 --> 00:13:41,000
771
+ ุงูˆ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจุดูƒู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:45,600
775
+ ุนุงู… ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุชู‚ุชู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงูˆ ุชุญุฏ ู…ู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:49,420
779
+ ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ูˆุงุญู†ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:49,420 --> 00:13:52,640
783
+ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงุณุชุบู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:56,160
787
+ antibiotics ุงุตู„ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ antibiotics ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงุณู…
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:56,160 --> 00:14:02,220
791
+ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ Antibiosis ุถุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุถุฏ ุญูŠุงุฉู„ุฃ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:02,220 --> 00:14:07,240
795
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู…ู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ ู…ู† ูุทุฑ ุถุฏ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุฎุฑู‰
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:13,660
799
+ ุงูˆ ูุทุฑ ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:13,660 --> 00:14:18,380
803
+ ู†ูˆุณุนู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ competition ุชุณู…ุน
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:18,380 --> 00:14:23,520
807
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง sterilization ุงูˆ ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ุตุญุŸ ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:27,820
811
+ cooking ุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุทุจุฎ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู… ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:28,490 --> 00:14:31,570
815
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุนุงู…
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:31,570 --> 00:14:35,630
819
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ูƒุงู† ุทุงุฒุฌ raw
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:35,630 --> 00:14:40,330
823
+ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุฃูˆ ู…ุฐุจูˆุญ ู„ุญู… ุฏู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:40,330 --> 00:14:46,690
827
+ ุงู„ู„ุญูˆู… ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุถุฑูˆุงุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐ ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:46,690 --> 00:14:50,970
831
+ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:50,970 --> 00:14:55,470
835
+ ูููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุงูุณ ูู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:55,470 --> 00:15:01,290
839
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู†ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุทุจุฎู‡ู…ุŒ ุจู†ู…ูˆุชู‡ู…
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:01,290 --> 00:15:05,370
843
+ ูƒู„ ุฃุชู‡ู…ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุชู„ูˆุซ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฎ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:05,370 --> 00:15:09,590
847
+ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ู…ุด ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุจู†ูˆุงุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:09,590 --> 00:15:13,470
851
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุฑุงุญุชุŒ ูุฑุตู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:13,470 --> 00:15:18,190
855
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅูุณุงุฏู‡ู… ู„ู„ุบุฐุงุก
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:18,190 --> 00:15:22,970
859
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ู‡ู… ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุนู† ุงู„
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:22,970 --> 00:15:28,880
863
+ competition ููŠ ุฃู…ุนุงู†ุงุฃูƒุงู… ุฃู„ู ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:28,880 --> 00:15:32,840
867
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุจุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุงู… ุฃู„ู ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฃูƒุงู… ุฃู„ู ู†ูˆุนุŒ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:37,220
871
+ ุฃู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุนุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู† ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:37,220 --> 00:15:41,220
875
+ competitionู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏ ุญุจุฉ Antibiotic ุนุดุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:41,220 --> 00:15:45,000
879
+ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ูƒุชููŠ ุฃู†ุง ูˆ ู…ู„ุชุจ ุงู„ antibiotic ุจุฑูˆุด ุนู„ู‰
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:49,180
883
+ ุงู„ูƒุชู ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ bacteria ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ูู…ู…ูƒู†
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:53,760
887
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:53,760 --> 00:15:57,880
891
+ ุญุณุงุจ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุนุถ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:57,880 --> 00:16:00,820
895
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุจุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:00,820 --> 00:16:05,180
899
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ุดุฌุนุงู† ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:05,180 --> 00:16:09,330
903
+ ุจูŠุดุชู…ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุดุฌุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถููŠุญุฏุซ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:09,330 --> 00:16:13,410
907
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุจุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:13,410 --> 00:16:17,030
911
+ Quorum Sensing ุฃุดุทุฑ ู…ู†ูƒูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุบู…ู†ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:17,030 --> 00:16:21,050
915
+ ุนุทูˆุงู† ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุทูˆุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:21,050 --> 00:16:24,730
919
+ ุงู† ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุนุฏู‡ู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุบู…ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:24,730 --> 00:16:28,150
923
+ ู…ุด ุดุงูŠูู‡ู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:32,250
927
+ ุนูŠู†ุงู† ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฐู†ุงู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนุฏ ุงุฎูˆุงุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:32,250 --> 00:16:35,970
931
+ ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตู„ ู„ู‡ ุนุฏุฏ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:35,970 --> 00:16:39,720
935
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ูˆุงู† ุงูุชุฑุถ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุง ู‚ุตุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฆุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:48,580
939
+ ุฃู„ู ู„ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู… ุงุจุชุฏุฃ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชู†ุดุท ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:48,580 --> 00:16:52,600
943
+ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:52,600 --> 00:16:56,560
947
+ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Quorum Sensing ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุนุฏุฏ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:56,560 --> 00:17:01,990
951
+ ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:01,990 --> 00:17:05,990
955
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชู„ู‚ู‰
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:05,990 --> 00:17:10,110
959
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ูŠู‡ diseaseุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ competition ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:10,110 --> 00:17:14,400
963
+ ุฌุฏุง ุฅู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ microbiologyุนุทุชู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ post
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:18,080
967
+ cooking post ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ post ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ post cooking
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:18,080 --> 00:17:22,620
971
+ contamination ุฃุฎุทุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ pre cooking ุนู„ู…ุชู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:22,620 --> 00:17:24,860
975
+ balance ุงู„ imbalance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ intestinal
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:24,860 --> 00:17:29,560
979
+ tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุฌู… ุนู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ูุฑุท ุงูˆ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:29,560 --> 00:17:32,800
983
+ ุงูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ broad spectrum antibiotic ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:37,040
987
+ ุจู†ุง ุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠุถุง ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุชุฒุงู† ุงูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:41,350
991
+ ุนุฏู… ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ competition okay ุตุญูŠุญููŠู† ุฏูŠ ู‡ู„ุฃ ุงู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:41,350 --> 00:17:46,590
995
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ nicheุŸ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:46,590 --> 00:17:50,430
999
+ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:50,430 --> 00:17:56,910
1003
+ ecosystemุŒ ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ูˆุนู‚ู„ุงู†ูŠุŒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:56,910 --> 00:18:01,690
1007
+ ู‡ู„ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆ ุงูˆ ููŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:01,690 --> 00:18:06,390
1011
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:06,390 --> 00:18:11,020
1015
+ breeze ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุง ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸู„ูŠุด ุงุฎุชู„ูุŸ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:11,020 --> 00:18:16,840
1019
+ ุงุฎุชู„ู ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุตุญ ูˆ ุฏู‡ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุงู†ูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:16,840 --> 00:18:21,000
1023
+ .. ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุทุญ ู†ุนู… ุฌุฏุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุทุญ ุฎุดู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,500
1027
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู‚ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุงุนุฏ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:24,500 --> 00:18:28,620
1031
+ ุนู„ู‰ .. ูŠุจุฌู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู† ุงู„ุบุฑู ุชุจุฏูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:28,620 --> 00:18:33,660
1035
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ecosystem ุงูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุจูŠุฆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุง ุงู†
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:33,660 --> 00:18:39,530
1039
+ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ecosystem ู…ุตุบุฑุงู„ู€
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:39,530 --> 00:18:43,870
1043
+ Equestrian ุงู„ู…ุตุบุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุงุŸ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:43,870 --> 00:18:48,510
1047
+ ุนู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุณู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:48,510 --> 00:18:54,010
1051
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ูู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูŠุญ ุฌ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠููŠ ูˆ ุฏู‡ ู„ุง .. ุตุญุŸ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:54,010 --> 00:18:57,550
1055
+ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญูƒูŠุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงูŠุญ ุฌุงูŠููŠ ูู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:57,550 --> 00:19:01,930
1059
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆุฆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุฆูŠุฉุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู…
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:01,930 --> 00:19:06,750
1063
+ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจุงุช ุงู„ูู… ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰ ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุฆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:06,750 --> 00:19:12,300
1067
+ ูˆุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุฆุฉุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู† ูˆุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:12,300 --> 00:19:15,700
1071
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ูุชุญุช ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชูุฑุฌ ุฃุณู†ุงู†ูƒ ูˆุฏุฎู„ุช
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:15,700 --> 00:19:20,880
1075
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฌูˆุง ูˆุณูƒู‘ุฑุชุŒ ู‡ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุฏุฑูˆู ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุญุชู‰
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:25,280
1079
+ ุงู„ูู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุญุชูƒุฉ ุจุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู‚ุฏ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:30,090
1083
+ ุชุชูˆูุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠุฆุงุช ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุงู„ู€ Host immune system
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:19:30,090 --> 00:19:33,490
1087
+ ุฃู†ุง ุดุฑุญุชู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ HIV ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ู€ AIDS
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:33,490 --> 00:19:39,150
1091
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:39,150 --> 00:19:45,850
1095
+ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ู„ุงุฎุฑ ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃุนุธู…
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:45,850 --> 00:19:47,930
1099
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Gram negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:47,930 --> 00:19:50,030
1103
+ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ general microbiology ุงุณู…ู‡ Endotoxin
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:50,650 --> 00:19:51,930
1107
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:51,930 --> 00:19:52,930
1111
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:52,930 --> 00:19:55,750
1115
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:55,870
1119
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:55,870 --> 00:19:57,430
1123
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:57,430 --> 00:20:02,930
1127
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:02,930 --> 00:20:02,930
1131
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:20:02,930 --> 00:20:03,010
1135
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:20:03,010 --> 00:20:07,890
1139
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:20:07,890 --> 00:20:19,350
1143
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:23,600
1147
+ ุงู†ุงุนุดุงู† ุฃุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:27,800
1151
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Gram NegativeุŒ ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:30,960
1155
+ Lipopolysaccharide ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:36,420
1159
+ ุซู‚ูˆุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุชูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:36,420 --> 00:20:40,300
1163
+ VirulenceุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุจุฑูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Major
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:40,300 --> 00:20:46,620
1167
+ Virulence Factor of Gram Negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ุฏุงู…
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:46,620 --> 00:20:49,980
1171
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูŠุจุงุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู…
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:49,980 --> 00:20:56,720
1175
+ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€Endotoxin ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ู„
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:56,720 --> 00:21:02,300
1179
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง pathogenic ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู…ุด
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:02,300 --> 00:21:06,540
1183
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง pathogenicุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ major virulence
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:06,540 --> 00:21:09,820
1187
+ factorุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงู‡ other virulence factors
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:21:09,820 --> 00:21:15,280
1191
+ ุชุคู‡ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ pathogenesisููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:21:15,280 --> 00:21:19,760
1195
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ septic shock ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุถูŠููˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:24,060
1199
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง gram negative septic shock ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:21:24,060 --> 00:21:29,380
1203
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ septicemia ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ู…ุฒู„ุนุฉ ุฏู… ููŠ ู…ุฒู„ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:21:29,380 --> 00:21:34,700
1207
+ ุนุฒู„ู†ุง ุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง sensitivity testing
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:21:34,700 --> 00:21:37,880
1211
+ ูˆุงู†ุชูˆุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุฌู„ู†ุงู‡ุงุŸุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:41,100
1215
+ diagnostic microbiologist ุจูŠุชู„ุฎุต ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:21:41,100 --> 00:21:46,720
1219
+ isolate and identify the pathogen ูˆ determine the
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:51,380
1223
+ susceptibility to antibiotics ูุงู†ุนุฒู„ุช ูˆ ุนุฑูุช
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:51,380 --> 00:21:55,600
1227
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ุงู†ู‡ุง E.coli ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุชู„ู‡ุง susceptibility ูˆ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:21:55,600 --> 00:22:01,000
1231
+ ุทู„ุน ุฃูุถู„ antibiotic ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ GenamycinูˆููŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:04,260
1235
+ ุงู„ู€Gentamicin ุงุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงุนุทุงู‡
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:22:04,260 --> 00:22:10,860
1239
+ Gentamicin ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงุช
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:22:10,860 --> 00:22:16,900
1243
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:22:16,900 --> 00:22:20,940
1247
+ ู…ุงุชุช ุงุทู„ู‚ุช ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ endotoxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:22:20,940 --> 00:22:24,360
1251
+ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุณุงูƒุฑุงูŠุฏุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:22:24,360 --> 00:22:29,250
1255
+ ู„ูŠู‡ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุชู…ุฎูŠูุฉ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:22:29,250 --> 00:22:33,130
1259
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง increase permeability ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:22:33,130 --> 00:22:37,970
1263
+ ุงู„ vasodilatation ุชู…ุงู… low blood pressure ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:37,970 --> 00:22:41,950
1267
+ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุจุชุฃุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ shock ูˆุจู…ูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:41,950 --> 00:22:47,130
1271
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ู† negative bacteria
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:49,540 --> 00:22:52,600
1275
+ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุงุญุชูˆุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lipopoly
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:56,040
1279
+ -sacral ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ endotoxin ุฃุญุฏ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:59,540
1283
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ endotoxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุฌุนู„ุด ู†ุชุฌู‡ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:22:59,540 --> 00:23:04,460
1287
+ ุงู„ activation ู„ ุงู„ complement ุงู„ activation ู„ ุงู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:23:04,460 --> 00:23:07,300
1291
+ complement .. ุจุชุนุฑููˆุด ุงู„ complement ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุงุดุŸ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:10,600
1295
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ complementุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:23:10,600 --> 00:23:15,080
1299
+ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† C1 to C9 ู…ู† ู…ุน ุฌู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุชูŠ ุนุทู†ูŠุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:23:19,090 --> 00:23:23,930
1303
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ .. ุฅู†ู‡ .. ู„ู…ุง
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:23:23,930 --> 00:23:27,330
1307
+ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฏ ูŠุดูˆูู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฌู„ู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ููŠู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:23:27,330 --> 00:23:33,490
1311
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒุชุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ inactive
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:23:33,490 --> 00:23:38,030
1315
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุดุท ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุดุท ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุดุทุŸ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:38,030 --> 00:23:41,590
1319
+ cleavage ุฅู„ู‡ุŒ ุจู†ุฌุณู…ู‡ุŒ ุจู†ุดูŠู„ fragment AุŒ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:41,590 --> 00:23:44,350
1323
+ fragment B ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณุŒ fragment BุŒ ูˆ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู†ุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:44,350 --> 00:23:50,830
1327
+ fragment AุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉุงู„ู€ complement ู…ู†
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:50,830 --> 00:23:53,370
1331
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฑุญู…ุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:53,370 --> 00:24:00,670
1335
+ inactive ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ active ุญุฏู…ุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ูุงู„ endotoxin
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:00,670 --> 00:24:04,350
1339
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ activation ู„ ุงู„ complement ุงู„ complement
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:04,350 --> 00:24:09,210
1343
+ ุจุชู†ุดุท ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑู‡
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:24:09,210 --> 00:24:13,150
1347
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ membrane attack complex
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:19,340
1351
+ ูŠููุชุฑุถ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‡ุงุฌู… ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆูŠุฏู…ุฑู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:24:19,340 --> 00:24:21,940
1355
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ lipopolysaccharide ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:24:21,940 --> 00:24:24,840
1359
+ activation ู„ู„ complement ุทุจ ุงู„ lipopolysaccharide
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:28,900
1363
+ ู…ุชู‰ ุทู„ุนุŸ ุทู„ุน ู„ู…ุง ู…ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุทุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:24:28,900 --> 00:24:33,340
1367
+ membrane attack complex ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุญุงุฌุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠู‚ุชู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:24:33,340 --> 00:24:37,180
1371
+ ุฎู„ูŠุงู†ุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุฎู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:43,830 --> 00:24:48,770
1375
+ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ syringe ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ syringe
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:48,770 --> 00:24:54,770
1379
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุบู…ุตู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู…ุงุก ู…ู„ูˆุซ ู…ุงุก ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุฃูƒุฑู…ูƒู…
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:54,770 --> 00:24:59,550
1383
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู‚ุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง testing ู„ู„ู€
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:59,550 --> 00:25:04,030
1387
+ syringe ู‡ุงุฏ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง sterile ู„ูƒู† ุจูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:04,030 --> 00:25:07,790
1391
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุจูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ูŠู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:07,790 --> 00:25:13,770
1395
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุงู†ุชูƒุณูŠู†ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ syringe
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:25:13,770 --> 00:25:17,610
1399
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุด ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠู…ุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ู…ู†
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:25:17,610 --> 00:25:21,850
1403
+ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุนู‚ู…ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุญุจุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:25:21,850 --> 00:25:26,270
1407
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูู…ู†ุนู‚ู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏูŠู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:25:26,270 --> 00:25:30,010
1411
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŒ ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:25:30,010 --> 00:25:34,030
1415
+ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:25:34,030 --> 00:25:36,570
1419
+ endoxinุŒ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู€gram-bostaf-bacterium
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:25:38,830 --> 00:25:42,930
1423
+ ุงู„ Exotoxins ุฌุซุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ู„ุฅู† ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุฅู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:25:42,930 --> 00:25:48,450
1427
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:25:48,450 --> 00:25:54,290
1431
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ Exotoxin ู‚ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ู„ุตู†ููŠู† ุตู†ู ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:25:54,290 --> 00:26:00,790
1435
+ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุตู†ู ุจูŠุณุชู‡ุฏู cellular targets ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:00,790 --> 00:26:02,510
1439
+ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:07,680
1443
+ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cellular targets
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:26:07,680 --> 00:26:09,240
1447
+ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ู…ุญุชุงุฌ .. ู…ุญุชุงุฌ .. ู…ุถุทุฑ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:14,700
1451
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู†ูƒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ X-doxins .. ุงู„ X-doxins
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:26:14,700 --> 00:26:20,700
1455
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† two fragments ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ูˆ ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ two
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:26:20,700 --> 00:26:27,000
1459
+ fragments fragment A ูˆ fragment B ุงุญูุธ A activeุŒ B
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:36,700
1463
+ binding binding ุงุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจุท ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ูŠ Aููˆู‚ ูˆ B ุชุญุช
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:26:36,700 --> 00:26:42,420
1467
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ B ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ receptor ุนู„ู‰
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:26:42,420 --> 00:26:47,240
1471
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ internalization ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:52,000
1475
+ ุฃูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A ูˆ B ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:56,760
1479
+ toxin ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ fragment A ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ B ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:26:56,760 --> 00:27:02,780
1483
+ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ A ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ B ุชุฎูŠู„ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŸ ู‡ูŠ AB
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:27:02,780 --> 00:27:08,600
1487
+ B ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† B
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:13,160
1491
+ ุจุชุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุฑุงู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:19,140
1495
+ .. ุงู„ุนููˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠู„ุงุฌูŠู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุฑุชุจุท ููŠู‡ู…ู†
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:27:19,140 --> 00:27:23,120
1499
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ toxins ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ AP model
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:26,380
1503
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cornebacterium diphtheria toxin ุงู„ู€
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:27:26,380 --> 00:27:31,120
1507
+ Cornebacterium diphtheria toxin ุฅู„ู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุชู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:31,120 --> 00:27:35,360
1511
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ADP ribosylation
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:27:35,360 --> 00:27:40,540
1515
+ ุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ADP
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:27:40,540 --> 00:27:47,960
1519
+ ribosylation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ADP ู„ุดุฆ .. ู„ุดุฆ ู…ุนูŠู†ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:54,570
1523
+ ADPRaposalation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู…ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุฌู
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:27:54,570 --> 00:28:00,850
1527
+ ู†ุดุงุท ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู†ุดุท ุฃูˆ ุจุชู†ุดุท ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:00,850 --> 00:28:05,010
1531
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดุท ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ ADP Raposalation
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:05,010 --> 00:28:10,010
1535
+ ุจูŠูˆุฌู ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุด ู†ุดุท ูˆุถูู†ุง ู„ู‡ ADP
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:10,010 --> 00:28:14,130
1539
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ activation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ activation ุฃูˆ deactivation
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:14,130 --> 00:28:17,650
1543
+ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ADP Raposalation ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:28:17,650 --> 00:28:22,250
1547
+ ุงู„ุฏูุชูŠุฑูŠุงุงู„ .. ุงู„ mechanism of action ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:28:22,250 --> 00:28:24,790
1551
+ ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ protein synthesis ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุงู„ protein
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:28:24,790 --> 00:28:29,010
1555
+ synthesisุŒ ุงูุนู„ ุนุงูŠุด ุงู„ protein synthesis ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:28:29,010 --> 00:28:33,510
1559
+ large subunitุŒ small subunitุŒ mRNAุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:38,010
1563
+ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ amino acid synthesis ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:28:38,010 --> 00:28:42,740
1567
+ .. ู…ุน .. ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ amino alkyl tRNAุงู„ุงู† ููŠ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:28:42,740 --> 00:28:46,040
1571
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ factor ุงุณู…ู‡ elongation factor elongation ุงูŠุด
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:49,100
1575
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ elongation ุงุณุชุทุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุทุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:49,100 --> 00:28:54,140
1579
+ polypeptide ูุงู„ elongation factor ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠู„ู‡ ADP
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:54,140 --> 00:28:59,200
1583
+ ribosylation ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุดุท ูุจูˆู‚ูู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌูู†ุง ุงู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:03,910
1587
+ elongation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุฌูู†ุง ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ protein ุด๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุจุจุฏูˆู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:03,910 --> 00:29:09,410
1591
+ ุงุฏู†ู‰ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุชุชุฑุฏุฏ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† protein synthesis ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:09,410 --> 00:29:13,470
1595
+ ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุช ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุช ู…ุด ู„ุญุธูŠุง
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:29:13,470 --> 00:29:17,950
1599
+ ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:29:17,950 --> 00:29:23,490
1603
+ enzymes ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ุฑ ู…ุญุฏุฏ ุชู†ุญู„ ูˆุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุทุจ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:29:23,490 --> 00:29:27,010
1607
+ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ elongation ูุงูƒุชุฑ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:29:27,010 --> 00:29:30,750
1611
+ ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ synthesis ู„ู„ protein ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุง
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:29:30,750 --> 00:29:32,310
1615
+ ู…ูˆุช ู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุจ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:29:34,940 --> 00:29:38,240
1619
+ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cellular targets ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:29:38,240 --> 00:29:40,420
1623
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุณู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:29:40,420 --> 00:29:45,580
1627
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง cytolytic exotoxin ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:29:45,580 --> 00:29:51,240
1631
+ cytolytic ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญู„ู„ุฉ ู„ู…ู†ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:54,320
1635
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:29:54,320 --> 00:30:02,850
1639
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญู„ู„ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ cell
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:30:02,850 --> 00:30:07,530
1643
+ membrane ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ disruption ุทุจ ู‡ุงู„ disruption
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:07,530 --> 00:30:10,030
1647
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ cell membrane ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ toxins
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:10,030 --> 00:30:15,010
1651
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:15,010 --> 00:30:20,630
1655
+ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:20,630 --> 00:30:26,750
1659
+ hydrolysis of membrane phospholipidุฃุธู† ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:30:26,750 --> 00:30:29,130
1663
+ ุงู„ cell membrane ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู†ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:30:29,130 --> 00:30:33,570
1667
+ ุงู„ cell ุฏุฑุณุชูˆู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† double layer ู…ู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:30:33,570 --> 00:30:36,950
1671
+ phospholipids ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ phospholipid ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:30:36,950 --> 00:30:42,510
1675
+ ู„ู‡ hydrolysisุŸุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู† .. ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูŠุฏุนู‰
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:30:42,510 --> 00:30:47,990
1679
+ phospholipase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูƒุณุฑ ู„ู„ phospholipids ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:30:47,990 --> 00:30:52,370
1683
+ membrane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุงุณูƒ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุทู„ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:30:52,370 --> 00:30:59,910
1687
+ ูุณุฑ ุงู„ lysis ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ sh
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:30:59,910 --> 00:31:03,850
1691
+ ุชูŠูˆู„ activated toxin
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:31:27,660 --> 00:31:34,730
1695
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ุดุงู† ..ุŸoxygen labile ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:31:34,730 --> 00:31:39,950
1699
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ุฃู†ุง ุจุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:31:39,950 --> 00:31:44,330
1703
+ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:31:44,330 --> 00:31:50,410
1707
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠุชุฏู…ุฑ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:31:50,410 --> 00:31:54,820
1711
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:31:54,820 --> 00:31:57,800
1715
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:31:57,800 --> 00:32:03,240
1719
+ ุงุฒุฑุนุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูู‚ุท ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ุงุบุฑุณ ุงู„ loop ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:32:03,240 --> 00:32:05,560
1723
+ ุนุธูŠู… ุงู†ูƒ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงุญุงุณุจูˆูƒ ูˆู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุฒุฑุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:09,060
1727
+ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุตุญุŸ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุฒุฑุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:32:09,060 --> 00:32:12,630
1731
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅุฐุง ุดูƒู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒุงุนู…ู„
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:32:12,630 --> 00:32:17,030
1735
+ ุทุนู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู†ูุณู‡ ุงุนู…ู„ ุทุนู†ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:32:17,030 --> 00:32:20,610
1739
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ูŠุด ู†ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:32:20,610 --> 00:32:25,570
1743
+ Oxygen Labile ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ Oxygen ุจุชุฏู…ุฑุŒ ุจุจูŠู†ุด
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:32:25,570 --> 00:32:29,850
1747
+ ููƒูŠู ุจุชุดูˆูู‡ุŸ ุจุชุฎุจ ุงู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆุตู„
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:32:29,850 --> 00:32:35,100
1751
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŸุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ alteration ..
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:32:35,100 --> 00:32:38,720
1755
+ alteration ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„membrane permeability ุนู†
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:41,560
1759
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ binding ู„ู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุชุจุท ููŠ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:44,320
1763
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ cell membrane ูุจูŠุนู…ู„
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:47,180
1767
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ disruption .. disruption ู„ู„ู…embrane
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:32:47,180 --> 00:32:51,420
1771
+ integrity ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ lysis ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„stryptomycin
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:32:51,420 --> 00:32:55,480
1775
+ O ูƒู„ู…ุฉ stryptomycin O ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ O ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุชุนู†ูŠ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:32:55,480 --> 00:32:59,110
1779
+ Oxidin ู„ุง bindู„ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:32:59,110 --> 00:33:02,470
1783
+ Striptococcus ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู† Striptococcus ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:33:02,470 --> 00:33:07,810
1787
+ Striptolysin O ูˆ Striptolysin S ุงู„ S ุชุนู†ูŠ Stable ูˆ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:33:07,810 --> 00:33:12,850
1791
+ Striptolysin O ุชุนู†ูŠ LavaูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:33:12,850 --> 00:33:15,950
1795
+ Striptolysin O ุชุจุน Striptococcus ูˆ Striptolysin O
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:33:15,950 --> 00:33:21,040
1799
+ ุชุจุน Clostridium ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ Detergent-likeูƒู„ูƒู…
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,080
1803
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู€ detergents ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูุงุช ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:33:23,080 --> 00:33:26,220
1807
+ ุงู„ู‡ุง hydrophilic end ูˆ hydrophobic end ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:33:26,220 --> 00:33:29,400
1811
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ phospholipids ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:33:29,400 --> 00:33:32,840
1815
+ interaction ุจูŠู† ุงู„ phospholipids ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:33:32,840 --> 00:33:35,540
1819
+ cell membrane ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ detergent ุงูŠุถุง ุญู„ุงุฌ ุงู†
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:33:35,540 --> 00:33:38,820
1823
+ ูŠุตู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง disruption ู„ู„ integrity of the membrane
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:33:38,820 --> 00:33:43,500
1827
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุดุจุงุจ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ rapid lyses rapid
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:33:43,500 --> 00:33:49,140
1831
+ lyses ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุญู„ู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู„ุฎุตุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ .. ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:33:49,140 --> 00:33:52,840
1835
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงุช ุฃุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:57,060
1839
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŸ LysesุŒ LysesุŒ ุฃุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:33:57,060 --> 00:34:01,420
1843
+ LysesุŒ ุงู„ target ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:34:01,420 --> 00:34:04,760
1847
+ still membraneุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงูุŒ ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:07,660
1851
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‡ุฏุงูุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู…ู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:34:07,660 --> 00:34:11,390
1855
+ activation ู„ู„ .. ุนููˆุงู‹ุŒ hydrolysis ู„ู„ูุณููˆุงู„ .. ุงู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:34:11,390 --> 00:34:14,950
1859
+ .. ุงู„ lipid ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ .. ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุช .. ุงู„ุช ..
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:17,370
1863
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ detergent-like activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:34:17,370 --> 00:34:19,970
1867
+ ุงู„ interaction ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ hydrophilic end
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:34:19,970 --> 00:34:23,170
1871
+ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุนู…ู„ disruption ุงู„ integrity of the
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:34:23,170 --> 00:34:26,070
1875
+ membraneุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ lysisุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ lysis ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุง
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:34:26,070 --> 00:34:28,210
1879
+ ุดุจุงุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ red blood cellุŒ ุงูŠุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŸ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:34:29,620 --> 00:34:33,280
1883
+ Hemolysis ู†ุนู… ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Hemolysis ูˆูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:35,100
1887
+ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ Hemolysis ุฅู† ููŠ ุงู„ diagnostic
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:34:35,100 --> 00:34:39,640
1891
+ microbiology ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ Alpha ูˆ Beta ูˆ Gamma ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:43,060
1895
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ู… ู…ู† ุจู„ุฏ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑูŠู† ููŠ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:34:43,060 --> 00:34:47,670
1899
+ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:34:47,670 --> 00:34:51,050
1903
+ beta-hemolytic streptococci ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ streptococcus
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:34:51,050 --> 00:34:53,650
1907
+ biodeins ุฃูˆ streptococcus agalactia ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:34:53,650 --> 00:34:56,470
1911
+ streptococcus pneumonia ู‡ูŠ alpha-hemolytic
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:34:56,470 --> 00:35:00,690
1915
+ streptococci ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:35:00,690 --> 00:35:04,330
1919
+ hemolysis ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:35:04,330 --> 00:35:06,270
1923
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ micro organisms
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:35:08,750 --> 00:35:13,390
1927
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ examples ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ exotoxins
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:35:13,390 --> 00:35:18,610
1931
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชู‡ุฏู cellular targets ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุจ ููŠู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:35:18,610 --> 00:35:24,190
1935
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุญุงู†ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ adenylate cyclase toxin ุณูŠุจูˆู†ุง ู…ู†
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:35:24,190 --> 00:35:27,330
1939
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:35:27,330 --> 00:35:32,050
1943
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ุฃูŠ toxin ุณูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ adenylate cyclase
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:35:32,050 --> 00:35:39,720
1947
+ toxin ุชุณู…ุน ุฃุจูˆ ุญุณู† ุนู† Cyclic AMPุŸุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:35:39,720 --> 00:35:46,720
1951
+ ุงุฏู†ุงู„ูŠุช ุณุงูŠูƒู„ูŠุฒ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:53,340
1955
+ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ ATP ุงู„ู‰ ุณุงูƒู„ ูƒูŠุงู† ุฏูŠุทุจ ุงู„ Cyclic AMP ู‡ูˆ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:35:53,340 --> 00:35:57,680
1959
+ ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจ ุณุงู… ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŸ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุฅู„ู‡ normal function
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:35:57,680 --> 00:36:03,340
1963
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจุฌู…ู„ุฉ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:36:03,340 --> 00:36:07,400
1967
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุช ุฃู† ุชู…ุชุต ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:14,660
1971
+ ูˆุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ secretion ุชุจุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูƒู‘ุจุงุชุจูŠุณู…ุญ ูˆุจูŠู…ู†ุน
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:36:14,660 --> 00:36:21,420
1975
+ ุงู…ุงู… ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ูˆุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:36:21,420 --> 00:36:24,460
1979
+ ุงู„ electrolytes ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ electrolytesุŸ ุงู„
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:36:24,460 --> 00:36:27,040
1983
+ sodium ูˆ ุงู„ chloride ูˆ ุงู„ calcium ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:36:27,040 --> 00:36:31,420
1987
+ ู„ุฃู† ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฌุง cycle kmb ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:36:31,420 --> 00:36:38,650
1991
+ ุงุชูุถู„ ุงุทู„ุน ุงุฏุฎู„ ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุนุดุฑุฉุตุงุฑ ูˆูŠุงุด ุงู„ุขู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงู„
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:36:38,650 --> 00:36:42,210
1995
+ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุฒุงุฏุช ูˆู„ุง ุฌู„ุชุŸ ุฒุงุฏุช ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ู… ุตุงุฑูˆุง
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:36:42,210 --> 00:36:48,710
1999
+ ู…ูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏุช ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุฉ ุจูŠุชุฑุงูƒู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:36:48,710 --> 00:36:55,270
2003
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ electrolytes ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:36:55,270 --> 00:37:00,460
2007
+ electrolytes ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุช ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุชุจู‚ู‰
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:37:00,460 --> 00:37:05,320
2011
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุณูŠุกุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:37:05,320 --> 00:37:11,620
2015
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ ุจุฑุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุถุบุท ุฃุตู…ูˆุฒูŠุŒ ุฅูŠุด
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:37:11,620 --> 00:37:17,600
2019
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุกุŒ ุชูุฑุฒ ู…ุงุกุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูุฑุถุช
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:24,950
2023
+ ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงู‚ ุจุชุณุจุจู† ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉุฅุฐุง
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:37:24,950 --> 00:37:29,990
2027
+ ุฃูุฑุฒุช ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉุŒ ูุจุชุณู…ู‰
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:37:29,990 --> 00:37:33,490
2031
+ ุงู„ุงุฏู…ุงุกุŒ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุงุฏู…ุงุกุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู‚ุงุกุŒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:37:33,490 --> 00:37:36,310
2035
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:37:36,310 --> 00:37:40,370
2039
+ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ุจุชู†ูุฎ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ุจูŠู†ูุฎ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑุŒ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒูˆู†ุช
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:37:40,370 --> 00:37:43,830
2043
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุณุจุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูƒู…ุงู†
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:37:43,830 --> 00:37:48,410
2047
+ ู…ุฑุฉุŸุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ electrolytesุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุช ุงู„
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:37:48,410 --> 00:37:52,230
2051
+ electrolytesุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ cyclic AMP ุฒุงุฏุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูˆุฏ
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:37:52,230 --> 00:37:56,270
2055
+ ุงู„ cyclic AMPุŸ ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:37:56,270 --> 00:37:59,310
2059
+ adenylate cyclase ุชูˆูƒุณูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:37:59,310 --> 00:38:01,730
2063
+ bordetella speciesุŒ ุงู„ bordetella ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุจุจ
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:38:01,730 --> 00:38:05,730
2067
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:38:05,730 --> 00:38:09,430
2071
+ pertosisุŒ ุณู…ุนุช ููŠู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุณู…ุนุชุด ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌู…ูŠู„ุงู†ูŠุŒ
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:38:09,430 --> 00:38:15,380
2075
+ ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠู„ุง ู…ุด ุฏูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุงูˆู„ุง ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนุทู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:38:15,380 --> 00:38:21,100
2079
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ respiratory system ูˆุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนุจุฑ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:38:21,100 --> 00:38:25,000
2083
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุฉ
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:29,700
2087
+ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุทุฑุฏ ู„ู„
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:38:29,700 --> 00:38:33,920
2091
+ sputum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:38:33,920 --> 00:38:39,860
2095
+ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:38:39,860 --> 00:38:43,200
2099
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุจูˆุฑุชูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:38:43,200 --> 00:38:48,140
2103
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุง reaction ู‡ุฐุง
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:38:48,140 --> 00:38:53,720
2107
+ ู…ุด normal ูุจุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:38:53,720 --> 00:38:59,700
2111
+ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุจูŠูˆุชุงู… ูˆุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:38:59,700 --> 00:39:04,240
2115
+ vasoconstriction ู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุงูุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ู…ุง ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู„ู‚ู…
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:39:04,240 --> 00:39:07,540
2119
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ cuffing mechanism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:39:07,540 --> 00:39:10,480
2123
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ irritation
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:16,840
2127
+ ูุจูŠูƒุญุŒ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ูƒุญ ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณุŒ ู‡ุฐ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:39:16,840 --> 00:39:21,500
2131
+ ุงู„ stimuli ุจุชูƒูˆู† continuousุŒ ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ continuousุŸ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:39:21,500 --> 00:39:25,400
2135
+ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉุŒ ูุจูŠุถู„ ูŠูƒุญ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต ูƒู„ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:29,510
2139
+ lungsูู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠุฎู„ุต ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู†
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:39:29,510 --> 00:39:32,710
2143
+ ูŠูุนู„ุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:38,290
2147
+ constructed trachea ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุจุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุถูŠู‚ุฉ
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:39:38,290 --> 00:39:47,270
2151
+ ูู„ู…ุง ูŠู…ุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุตููŠุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒ ูุณู…ูˆู‡
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:39:47,270 --> 00:39:52,080
2155
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mechanism of
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:56,240
2159
+ disease ู‡ู†ู‚ุฑุตู‡ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุดุบู„ุชุงู†
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:39:56,240 --> 00:40:00,220
2163
+ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ vasoconstriction ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:40:00,220 --> 00:40:03,160
2167
+ ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุง ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู„
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:40:03,160 --> 00:40:06,580
2171
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ููŠู† ุงู„ anthrax toxinุŸ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ anthrax toxin
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:40:06,580 --> 00:40:13,480
2175
+ ู…ุนุฌุฒ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุชู†ุชูŠู†
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:40:13,480 --> 00:40:19,450
2179
+ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸุจุณ a1 ูˆ a2 ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ a ูˆุงุญุฏ
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:40:19,450 --> 00:40:25,450
2183
+ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† a ุงุชู†ูŠู† a ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง edema factor ุงูˆ ef
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:40:25,450 --> 00:40:33,570
2187
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ef ูˆ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ f lethal factor ูŠุจู‚ู‰
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:40:33,570 --> 00:40:36,990
2191
+ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถ a1 ูˆ a2 ุตุญุŸ edema factor ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:40:36,990 --> 00:40:38,370
2195
+ lethal factor
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:40:41,150 --> 00:40:44,910
2199
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุด ุงูˆ ุงุดู„ ุงูˆู„ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงุดุชุบู„ increases in cyclic
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:40:44,910 --> 00:40:52,070
2203
+ AMP level ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:40:52,070 --> 00:40:55,610
2207
+ ุตุญุŸ ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ fluid accumulation
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:40:55,610 --> 00:40:58,770
2211
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ lethal factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:40:58,770 --> 00:41:03,330
2215
+ ุดูˆ ุงู„ PA ุงู„ PA ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู„ PA ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ fragment
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:08,760
2219
+ protective antigen ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง protective ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:41:08,760 --> 00:41:11,860
2223
+ ุจูŠ ูุฑุงุฌู…ู†ุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ูุฑุงุฌู…ู†ุช ู„ู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:41:11,860 --> 00:41:16,060
2227
+ ุงูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุงู„ุตุญุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ุจูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุจูŠ
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:41:16,060 --> 00:41:19,700
2231
+ ู†ุนู… ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู†ุง ุงูŠ ูˆุงู† ูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุชูˆ
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:41:19,700 --> 00:41:24,820
2235
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ two
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:41:24,820 --> 00:41:27,800
2239
+ toxins ุงูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุจุตู…ุฉ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:41:37,030 --> 00:41:42,670
2243
+ ุงู„ู€ Botulinum Toxin ุดูˆููˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Toxin ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุณู…
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:41:42,670 --> 00:41:48,730
2247
+ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุณู…ุŒ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุชุฐูˆู‚
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:41:48,730 --> 00:41:53,510
2251
+ ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชุฐูˆู‚ุŒ ุชุฐูˆู‚ ู…ุด ู…ุถุบ ูˆ ุจู„ุนุŒ ุชุฐูˆู‚ ูˆุถุน
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:41:53,510 --> 00:41:58,410
2255
+ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†ุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุทุนุงู… ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Botulinum
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:41:58,410 --> 00:42:04,380
2259
+ Toxin ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุชุฐูˆู‚ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูู‡ูˆ ุงู‚ูˆู‰
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:42:04,380 --> 00:42:08,700
2263
+ ุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ pure toxin
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:42:08,700 --> 00:42:13,700
2267
+ has twenty million lethal doses for mice ุนุดุฑูŠู†
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:42:13,700 --> 00:42:18,680
2271
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ D50 ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ D50ุŸ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:42:18,680 --> 00:42:22,460
2275
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูุงุฑุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:42:22,460 --> 00:42:25,340
2279
+ toxin ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ toxin ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:42:25,340 --> 00:42:29,410
2283
+ ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุชุฌู…ูŠู„ูุจูŠุญู‚ู†ู‡ ..
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:42:29,410 --> 00:42:33,010
2287
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ูŠุฑ ุจูŠุญู‚ู†ู‡ู… ุจ .. ุจุญู‚ู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ู…
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:42:33,010 --> 00:42:37,910
2291
+ ุดู„ู„ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุฆูŠ .. ุดู„ู„ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุฆูŠ ูู„ู…ุง ุชุฑุชุฎูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:42:37,910 --> 00:42:41,210
2295
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุชุฌุงุนุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุทูŠุจ ุจุณ ุทุจุนุง
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:42:41,210 --> 00:42:45,250
2299
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฉ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ุทุจุนุง
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:42:45,250 --> 00:42:48,440
2303
+ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠููŠ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:42:48,440 --> 00:42:52,520
2307
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… .. ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:42:52,520 --> 00:42:58,560
2311
+ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุญูˆุงุฏุซุŒ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุฎุงุก
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:42:58,560 --> 00:43:03,390
2315
+ ุงู„ุดูˆูƒูŠุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฎูู ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููุชุฑุฉ
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:43:03,390 --> 00:43:06,870
2319
+ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุญ ููŠู‡ ุชูŠุงุจูˆุณ ููŠ
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:43:06,870 --> 00:43:10,750
2323
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญู‚ู†ู‡ ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ ู…ุฎููุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ู…ู†
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:43:10,750 --> 00:43:14,650
2327
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุก ูˆูŠุณุงุนุฏู‡ู… ููŠ
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:43:14,650 --> 00:43:18,010
2331
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู„ูƒู†
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:43:18,010 --> 00:43:24,300
2335
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุจูˆุชู„ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุณุงู… ุฌุฏุง ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:43:24,300 --> 00:43:29,560
2339
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:35,220
2343
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ A-subunit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ A
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:43:35,220 --> 00:43:38,960
2347
+ irreversibly inhibits the release of the
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:43:38,960 --> 00:43:41,860
2351
+ stimulatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine ุงุญู†ุง
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:43:41,860 --> 00:43:46,040
2355
+ ุจูŠุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠู† ุฏูŠุŸ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:43:48,060 --> 00:43:51,880
2359
+ contraction ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ relaxation ุงู„ contraction ูŠุง
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:43:51,880 --> 00:43:54,660
2363
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู†ุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ release of
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:43:54,660 --> 00:43:57,920
2367
+ acetylcholine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ neurotransmitter ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:43:57,920 --> 00:44:03,500
2371
+ ุนู†ู‡ neurotransmitter ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ blocking ..
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:44:03,500 --> 00:44:06,400
2375
+ blocking ู„ู„ neurotransmitter ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:09,160
2379
+ contractionูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ุงุญูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฏูˆุณุชูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:44:09,160 --> 00:44:13,220
2383
+ ุงู„ุงูŠุงู† ุงุฑุชุฎุงุก ูˆุงุฎูŠุฑุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุดุฑู„
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:44:13,220 --> 00:44:17,780
2387
+ flaccid paralysis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุฑู„ ุงุฑุชุฎุงุฆูŠ flaccid
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:44:17,780 --> 00:44:21,900
2391
+ paralysis ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุจูŠุณุจุจ
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:44:21,900 --> 00:44:26,200
2395
+ spastic paralysis ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุนูƒุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:44:26,200 --> 00:44:29,340
2399
+ ุงู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุชุญุท ุจูˆุชูˆูƒุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุทูˆู„ุฉ
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:44:29,340 --> 00:44:30,920
2403
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆุณุชูŠู†ูŠุดูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŸ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:44:35,560 --> 00:44:39,800
2407
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† .. ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:44:39,800 --> 00:44:45,320
2411
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุฎุชู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:49,380
2415
+ ADP ribosylation ุงู„ adenylate cyclase ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:44:49,380 --> 00:44:51,740
2419
+ human of the intestine ุทุงู„ุน ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:44:51,740 --> 00:44:55,300
2423
+ ุงู„ูุฌูˆุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ intestine ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:44:55,300 --> 00:45:00,140
2427
+ adenylate cyclaseุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฏุฑุงุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ADP
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:45:00,140 --> 00:45:04,260
2431
+ -ribosylation ู„ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ADP-ribosylation ุงู„ ATP
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:45:04,260 --> 00:45:11,180
2435
+ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Cyclic AMP ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ Cyclic AMP ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:45:11,180 --> 00:45:15,440
2439
+ ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ูˆ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ electrolytes
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:45:15,440 --> 00:45:18,560
2443
+ ู‡ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ electrolytes ููŠ ุงู„ human
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:45:18,560 --> 00:45:22,520
2447
+ of the intestine ุดุนูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุฅู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:45:22,520 --> 00:45:27,500
2451
+ ู…ู†ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ electrolytes ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:45:27,500 --> 00:45:31,760
2455
+ ูŠูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆ ูŠุณุจุจ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ูˆ
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:45:31,760 --> 00:45:36,960
2459
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ watery ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:45:36,960 --> 00:45:40,480
2463
+ ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ูˆุตู ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ stool ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:45:40,480 --> 00:45:42,640
2467
+ ุงู„ stool ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุชูˆุงู† .. ุชูˆุงู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุชุชูู†ู†ูˆุง ููŠ
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:45:42,640 --> 00:45:49,610
2471
+ ูˆุตู ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ stool fluidwatery, semi-soft, formed
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:45:49,610 --> 00:45:53,190
2475
+ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงุฎุฏุชูˆุด ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุตู
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:45:53,190 --> 00:45:57,670
2479
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุตู ู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูุญุต ุงู„ stool ู…ุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:45:57,670 --> 00:46:02,270
2483
+ ู…ุณุชุบุฑุจุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูู„ู…ุง .. ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ rice water stool
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:46:02,270 --> 00:46:08,150
2487
+ stool ูŠุดุจู‡ ู…ุงุก ุบุณูŠู„ ุงู„ุฑุฒ ุงู„ุฑุฒ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุบุณู„ู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:46:08,150 --> 00:46:13,030
2491
+ ู…ู„ูƒูŠูุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ุฑู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ stool ุชุจุนู‡
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:15,890
2495
+ ุจูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ characteristics ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:46:15,890 --> 00:46:19,570
2499
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ู‰ dehydration ูˆ ู‚ุฏ
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:46:19,570 --> 00:46:22,850
2503
+ ุชุณุจุจ ูˆูุงุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:46:22,850 --> 00:46:26,810
2507
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
2508
+
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The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/gI74hM1aXuk_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2620 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:25,260
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:25,260 --> 00:00:29,620
7
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ enterobacteriasi ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:29,620 --> 00:00:33,960
11
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุจุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:33,960 --> 00:00:36,700
15
+ ุงู„ gram negative ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ pseudo monos
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:39,110 --> 00:00:42,530
19
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ Sodomonas ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุธุฑู„ู‡ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:42,530 --> 00:00:46,510
23
+ ุนู† ุงู„ enterobacteriasi ุงู„ enterobacteriasi ูƒุงู†ุช
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:46,510 --> 00:00:52,030
27
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุตูุงุช ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:52,030 --> 00:00:56,270
31
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู‡ู… ุฃู‡ู… ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ู…
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:56,270 --> 00:01:00,930
35
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒ fermenter ูˆ oxidase negative ู…ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:00,930 --> 00:01:05,660
39
+ Sodomonasูˆ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฌุซูŠู… ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ู…ุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:05,660 --> 00:01:09,260
43
+ miscellaneous non-fermenters ูŠุจู‚ู‰ pseudomonas and
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:09,260 --> 00:01:12,160
47
+ miscellaneous .. ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุช miscellaneousุŸ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:18,520
51
+ non-fermenters ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุตูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ู…
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:22,760
55
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠุจ ุจุณ ู„ุงูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ู… non
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:26,480
59
+ -fermenters ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฃูƒุณุฏุงูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฒุชูุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:28,700
63
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู† ูƒูƒู„ Sodomonas and Mycelinus
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:28,700 --> 00:01:31,940
67
+ Nonfermenters ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:31,940 --> 00:01:35,060
71
+ ุงู„ gram negative ุจุณ ุงู„ lie ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู… nonfermenters
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:35,060 --> 00:01:38,680
75
+ nonfermenters ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฏุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒ ูˆ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:38,680 --> 00:01:41,980
79
+ ู…ุฏุงู… nonfermenter ู„ุฏุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ nonfermenter
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:41,980 --> 00:01:46,550
83
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ูƒู„ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุชูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุจุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:46,550 --> 00:01:50,510
87
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ non-fermenter ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:50,510 --> 00:01:53,330
91
+ non-oxidizer ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† non
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:53,330 --> 00:01:57,410
95
+ -fermenter ู„ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† oxidizer ุฒูŠ ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุฅุฑุฌู†ูˆุฒุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:57,410 --> 00:02:02,190
99
+ it is oxidized positive for oxidation ู„ูƒู† oxidized
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,190 --> 00:02:05,410
103
+ negative for fermentation ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ positive ูˆ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:05,410 --> 00:02:09,890
107
+ negative ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ูู‡ู… ูˆ ู†ุนูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฏู„ูˆู„ุงุชู‡ุง ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:09,890 --> 00:02:15,160
111
+ ุชุฎู…ูŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุฃูƒุณุฏ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:15,160 --> 00:02:18,400
115
+ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ pseudomonas three speciesุŒ pseudomonas
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:22,600
119
+ erginosaุŒ pseudomonas pseudomali ูˆpseudomonas
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:28,140
123
+ maliุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุชู… ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ุง ุญุฏูŠุซุง
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:28,140 --> 00:02:31,680
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณู… ุฃุตุนุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:34,840
131
+ pseudomonas ูุฃุตุจุญุช ุชุฏุนู‰ ุจุฑุฎูˆู„ุฏูŠุฑูŠุง
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:44,970 --> 00:02:48,970
135
+ ูุญู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุจูˆุฑุฎู„ุฏูŠุฑูŠุง ุณูˆุฏูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:48,970 --> 00:02:53,330
139
+ ู…ุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ุจูˆุฑุฎู„ุฏูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุญู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุจ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:53,330 --> 00:02:57,490
143
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุจุงุณู… ู…ู†ุŸ ุณูˆุฏูˆ ู…ูˆู†ุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ู…
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:57,490 --> 00:03:00,890
147
+ ุจูŠู…ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ู…ุง ุงุชุบูŠุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุบูŠุฑ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:00,890 --> 00:03:03,070
151
+ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ุงุณู… ูู‚ุท ูˆ ุงูŠ ุงุณู…
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:09,820
155
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชูู‚ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:09,820 --> 00:03:13,960
159
+ ุจุฃุณุชูˆุฑูŠู„ุง ุจูŠุณุชุณ ุตุงุฑุช ูŠุงุฑุณูŠู†ูŠุง ุจูŠุณุชุณ ุงู†ุชุฑูˆ ุจุงูƒุชุฑ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:17,860
163
+ ุณุงูƒุงุฒุงูƒูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ูƒุฑูˆู†ูˆ ุจุงูƒุชุฑ ุณุงูƒุงุฒุงูƒูŠ ุตุฏูˆ ู…ูˆู†ุณ ุตุฏูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:17,860 --> 00:03:24,240
167
+ ู…ุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุจูˆุฑุฎู„ุฏูŠุฑูŠุง ุตุฏูˆ ู…ุงู„ูŠุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:24,240 --> 00:03:28,040
171
+ ุจุนู†ูŠู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูŠ pseudomonas aeruginosa ู„ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:33,160
175
+ ุฐู‡ุจู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ูˆ ุณุฃู„ู†ุงู‡ู… ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:33,160 --> 00:03:37,280
179
+ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚ ูˆ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฏูˆ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:41,920
183
+ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฏูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุญุฏุฉ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:41,920 --> 00:03:46,680
187
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa whyุŸ it may grow in
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:52,710
191
+ disinfectants ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุจ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุชู‡ุฑุฉ ุฌุงูŠุจ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุชู‡ุฑุฉูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:52,710 --> 00:03:56,690
195
+ ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณุชุทุงุนุช ุงู†ู‡ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:56,690 --> 00:04:01,250
199
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุทุงุนุช ุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุจ contact
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:01,250 --> 00:04:05,830
203
+ lens solution ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุนุดุงู† ุงุถุน ูˆ ุงุญูุธ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:05,830 --> 00:04:09,610
207
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฏ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:09,610 --> 00:04:14,330
211
+ ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ู„ู„ูุทุฑูŠุงุช ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:14,330 --> 00:04:19,450
215
+ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุณู†ู…ู†ุง ุณู†ู…ุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูˆู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:19,450 --> 00:04:23,430
219
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุฉ medicinal solutionsHumidifiers of
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:23,430 --> 00:04:26,750
223
+ respirators ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:26,750 --> 00:04:29,890
227
+ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุด
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:29,890 --> 00:04:32,470
231
+ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุจุดุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงุณุชูˆุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:32,470 --> 00:04:37,870
235
+ ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูˆุจุฉ ุจุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุงุก ุนุดุงู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:37,870 --> 00:04:42,510
239
+ ุชู…ุงู„ู‡ humidification ุชู…ุงู„ู‡ ุชุฑุทูŠุจ ูู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุตุฏู…ูˆู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:42,510 --> 00:04:47,480
243
+ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุฌู†ุงุฒุฉ ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ humidifiersุงู„ู€
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:51,360
247
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุจุดูƒู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:57,020
251
+ ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:57,020 --> 00:05:02,420
255
+ ู…ุนุงู†ุง bouquet ูˆุฑุฏ ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ูˆุฏูŠู„ู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:02,420 --> 00:05:06,080
259
+ ู…ุนุงู†ุง pseudomonas aeruginosa ู„ุงู† ุงู„ bouquet ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:10,220
263
+ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ pseudomonas ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง normal flora
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:10,220 --> 00:05:15,070
267
+ of plantsูู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงุณู… ุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ุชุดุฑุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูŠู‡
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:15,070 --> 00:05:18,090
271
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bottled ุฃูˆ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:18,090 --> 00:05:21,550
275
+ mineral water ุงูŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุบุฐูŠุฉุŸ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุฏ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:21,550 --> 00:05:25,970
279
+ ู…ุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุง ุงูŠุฑูŠุฌูŠู†ูˆุฒุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:25,970 --> 00:05:32,070
283
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:32,070 --> 00:05:36,190
287
+ metabolism ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุณู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุจ survival ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:36,190 --> 00:05:40,790
291
+ environment ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุนุจ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:40,790 --> 00:05:45,830
295
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุทุจูŠุนู‡ุง ุจุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุง resistant ู„ู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:45,830 --> 00:05:50,150
299
+ antibiotic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง natural resistant ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:50,150 --> 00:05:53,810
303
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ acquiring ุงู„ resistance ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:53,810 --> 00:05:58,090
307
+ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง natural ูˆ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง acquired resistant ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:58,090 --> 00:05:58,910
311
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:06,700
315
+ it is obligate aerobicุŒ gram negative ุจุณ ู„ู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:06,700 --> 00:06:08,900
319
+ ูƒุงู†ุช facultate of anaerobicุŒ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:08,900 --> 00:06:12,000
323
+ obligate aerobicุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุนู…ู„ fermentation
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:16,850
327
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงูƒูŠุฏุงู„ู€ Gram-negative bacilli ูƒุดูƒู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:16,850 --> 00:06:19,810
331
+ indistinguishable from other Gram-negative bacilli
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:19,810 --> 00:06:22,630
335
+ of enterobacteriaceaeุŒ you cannot distinguish the
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:22,630 --> 00:06:26,010
339
+ Gram-staining of pseudomonas from that of
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:26,010 --> 00:06:29,250
343
+ enterobacteriaceaeุŒ they are all Gram-negative
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:29,250 --> 00:06:32,350
347
+ bacilliุŒ just Gram-negative bacilliุŒ non-lactose
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:32,350 --> 00:06:36,910
351
+ fermenterุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุบุจูŠุฉู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ู‡ูŠ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:36,910 --> 00:06:41,670
355
+ ุจู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู†ู‡ุง non-glucose ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ non-lactose ู„ูƒู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:41,670 --> 00:06:45,730
359
+ ูˆุถุนู†ุงูƒูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุนุดุงู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:45,730 --> 00:06:49,950
363
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ูƒูŠูˆุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ูƒูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:49,950 --> 00:06:52,650
367
+ ู„ู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† lactose ูˆ non-lactose fermenter
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:52,650 --> 00:06:56,610
371
+ ูุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ู‡ุฏุญุช ุฃู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ูƒูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ colorless
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:56,610 --> 00:06:59,230
375
+ colonies ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุนุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ non-lactose
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:59,230 --> 00:07:03,890
379
+ fermenting Oxidase positive, glucose oxidizer but
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:03,890 --> 00:07:09,050
383
+ not fermenter, catalase positive, hana citrate
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:09,050 --> 00:07:13,480
387
+ positiveMotile by a polar flagella ุงู„ู…ูˆุชูŠุฑูŠุชูŠ ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:17,200
391
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑูˆุจูƒุชุฑูŠุงุณูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช peritricus flagella ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:23,000
395
+ ูู‚ุท ู„ุฃ polar flagella ู‡ู†ุง polar one single one
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:27,700
399
+ single flagella a polar flagella ุงู„ุณูˆุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ู…ุงู„ุงุด
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:27,700 --> 00:07:30,900
403
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู†ู‡ one single flagella
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:30,900 --> 00:07:36,140
407
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ polar flagellaู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:36,140 --> 00:07:41,920
411
+ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุจุฑูˆูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠู„ูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:41,920 --> 00:07:46,260
415
+ polar flagellaุŒ monotriches ุตุญูŠุญ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:50,570 --> 00:07:55,310
419
+ It produces Exotoxin A ูˆุฏู‡ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู†ุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:55,310 --> 00:07:58,970
423
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ micro biology It inhibits protein synthesis
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:58,970 --> 00:08:02,590
427
+ and produces tissue necrosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:02,590 --> 00:08:06,830
431
+ ุนุจุฑ ุฅูŠู‚ุงุน ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ protein ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฃุฏูŠ ู„ ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:06,830 --> 00:08:11,210
435
+ necrosis of tissue ุฑู‚ู… ุชุณุนุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ It produces
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:11,210 --> 00:08:16,490
439
+ collagenases and hyaluronidasesboth of which are
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:16,490 --> 00:08:20,790
443
+ holding the cells together in a tissue ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุฌูŠู†
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:20,790 --> 00:08:25,210
447
+ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠุงู„ูˆู†ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:25,210 --> 00:08:29,410
451
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ูู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:29,410 --> 00:08:34,360
455
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงู„ูˆู†ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ุจุงู„ู‡ูŠุงู„ูˆู†ุฑุฏูŠุฒูˆุงู„ูƒู„ุงุฌูŠู† ุจุงู„ูƒู„ุงุฌูŠู†ูŠุฒ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:34,360 --> 00:08:37,120
459
+ ุชู…ุงู… ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูˆุงู†ุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:40,620
463
+ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุจูˆูุฑ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:40,620 --> 00:08:44,220
467
+ ุจุนุทูŠู‡ุง space ู„ู„ penetration ู„ู„ invasion ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:44,220 --> 00:08:47,100
471
+ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชู…ูˆุช ู†ุนู… ูู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชู…ูˆุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:47,100 --> 00:08:53,700
475
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุบุฐุงุก ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง it produces elastases which
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:53,700 --> 00:08:56,740
479
+ hydrolyzes elastin and is used by the organism for
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:56,740 --> 00:09:02,640
483
+ invasion ุฑู‚ู… ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆุฑู‚ู… ุนุดุฑุฉู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:04,780
487
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง collagenase which ู‡ุฏูˆู„ .. ุจุณ ููŠ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:04,780 --> 00:09:08,180
491
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุถูŠูˆูุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:08,180 --> 00:09:11,400
495
+ hialuridase ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ hialuridase ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠุด
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:15,780
499
+ ูƒู…ุงู† collagenase ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ elastase ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:15,780 --> 00:09:18,700
503
+ distinguishing hallmark ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู† it
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:18,700 --> 00:09:22,530
507
+ produces pigmentูˆ ุงู„ pigment ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ู…ู† ู…ู†
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:22,530 --> 00:09:26,370
511
+ yellow ุฅู„ู‰ blue ุฅู„ู‰ greenุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃู„ูˆุงู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:26,370 --> 00:09:29,430
515
+ ุจู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:29,430 --> 00:09:33,330
519
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ yellowish greenุŒ greenish blueุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุถุฑ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:33,330 --> 00:09:37,630
523
+ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ุฃุตูุฑ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:37,630 --> 00:09:40,810
527
+ ููŠู† ุฏูŠ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ู…ุชุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ูˆ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:40,810 --> 00:09:45,820
531
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑุŸุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ pigment ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:45,820 --> 00:09:49,060
535
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ biocyanine ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ pigment ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:49,060 --> 00:09:53,020
539
+ bioviridine ุงู„ biocyanine ู‡ูˆ blue green pigment ..
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:53,020 --> 00:09:58,000
543
+ blue green pigment ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:01,820
547
+ bioviridine ูˆู‡ูˆ yellowูˆู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:01,820 --> 00:10:04,760
551
+ fluorescent ู…ุด ุงู„ fluorescent light ุนููˆุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:04,760 --> 00:10:08,020
555
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ultraviolet light ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุดุนู„ู†ุง visible
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:08,020 --> 00:10:11,880
559
+ light ูุฑุถู‡ ูุจุชุงุนุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ fluorescent dye ุงูˆ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:15,220
563
+ fluorescent pigment ู„ุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู‡ู… ุงู„ pigment ุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:15,220 --> 00:10:20,140
567
+ bio cyanine ูˆ ุงู„ bio viridiumุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู‡ุฐุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:20,140 --> 00:10:23,940
571
+ ูˆุงุถุญุงู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง antibiotic sensitivityุŒ ู„ูƒู†
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:23,940 --> 00:10:27,940
575
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุงุด ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุจูŠู† ุฃุฎุถุฑ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:27,940 --> 00:10:33,600
579
+ ู…ุตูุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู…ุงุฆู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:40,890
583
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ุŒ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ุงู†ู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:40,890 --> 00:10:43,190
587
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ interview ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง say one bacteria
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:43,190 --> 00:10:46,970
591
+ that produces pigment ุณูŠุฑุงุชูŠุง ูˆ red pigment ูˆ ู…ุด
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:46,970 --> 00:10:51,470
595
+ water soluble ู‡ุงู†ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ range of pigment ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:51,470 --> 00:10:54,530
599
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ water soluble ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงุญู†ุง it
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:54,530 --> 00:10:59,270
603
+ diffuses in the meat ูƒู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:59,270 --> 00:11:02,350
607
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:02,350 --> 00:11:04,090
611
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุงุชุนุชุจุฑ pathogen
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:10,060 --> 00:11:17,180
615
+ ุงุนุชุจุฑุช opportunistic pathogen ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:17,180 --> 00:11:21,100
619
+ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒูŠุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆุฏูˆู…ูˆุฑุต ู‡ูŠ ุฌู†ูˆุฒุฉ ุบูŠุฑ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:21,100 --> 00:11:26,400
623
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุฎุทู‰ ุฏูุนุงุช ุงู„ุฏุณู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:26,400 --> 00:11:32,760
627
+ ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ cutุŒ cut ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฑุญุŒ ุฎุฏุด ุฃูˆ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:32,760 --> 00:11:36,200
631
+ ุญุฑู‚ ู„ู„ุฌู„ุฏุŒ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:39,300
635
+ defensive mechanism ุจุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:39,300 --> 00:11:41,040
639
+ capable of producing disease ุฏูŠ ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:41,040 --> 00:11:45,210
643
+ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ opportunistic diseaseู„ูƒู† it causes
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:45,210 --> 00:11:49,870
647
+ what is known as hard to treat infections ูŠุนู†ูŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:49,870 --> 00:11:53,310
651
+ ุนุฏูˆุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู…ุฑุงุถ ุตุนุจุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุงุฑู‡ ู„ูŠุด ุตุนุจุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:53,310 --> 00:11:57,190
655
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ naturally resistant ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:57,190 --> 00:12:00,110
659
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง acquired resistance ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:00,110 --> 00:12:04,910
663
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚ูˆุจุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู†
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:04,910 --> 00:12:08,690
667
+ ุจุชุชู…ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุจูŠู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:08,690 --> 00:12:13,450
671
+ ุฌู†ุงุจุงุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:13,450 --> 00:12:15,990
675
+ ู„ู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง Sodomonas
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:15,990 --> 00:12:16,590
679
+ aeruginosa
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:22,090 --> 00:12:24,270
683
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ natural resistance ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง .. natural
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:24,270 --> 00:12:28,030
687
+ resistance ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู†ูƒ ุดูู†ุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:28,030 --> 00:12:31,990
691
+ ุงู„ antibiotics ูˆุฌุฑุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุงูŠุฑุฌู†ูˆุฒุง ูƒุงู†ุช
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:31,990 --> 00:12:36,570
695
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ู„ู„ุจุนุถ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:36,570 --> 00:12:40,650
699
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุญุณุงุณุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃุตุจุญุช
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:40,650 --> 00:12:43,850
703
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… resistance ูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠู† natural
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:43,850 --> 00:12:49,140
707
+ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ู… acquired resistanceusually
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:49,140 --> 00:12:53,340
711
+ because ูƒู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ hard to treat nosocomial infection
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:53,340 --> 00:13:00,780
715
+ ุจูŠุชู…
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:00,780 --> 00:13:04,560
719
+ ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:04,560 --> 00:13:09,500
723
+ ุณุฃู„ุช ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:09,500 --> 00:13:14,180
727
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู…ุด ุชุนุจูŠู…ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงู…ุฉ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฅู†
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:14,180 --> 00:13:19,190
731
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชูƒู„ู…ุด ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† strainsุงู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:22,570
735
+ .. ุงู„ contact time ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ contact time ุงูˆ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:22,570 --> 00:13:26,790
739
+ exposure time ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุฏ ุณูˆุฏูˆ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:26,790 --> 00:13:33,070
743
+ ู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ูˆุงุฎุฏุช ูƒุญูˆู„ 70% ูˆุญุทูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุฏูŠ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:33,070 --> 00:13:36,830
747
+ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงุณุชููŠู„ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:36,830 --> 00:13:39,850
751
+ ุงูˆุฑูŠุง ุงูˆ ุงุณุชุฑุจุช ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ุดุฑุดุฉ ูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู…ู…ูƒู†
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:39,850 --> 00:13:43,070
755
+ ุชู…ูˆุช ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู„ูƒู† ุณูˆุฏูˆ ู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฒุฉ ุจุฏุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:43,070 --> 00:13:46,930
759
+ contact time ุงุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏุง contact time ุงุนู„ู‰ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:46,930 --> 00:13:50,720
763
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูˆุงุจุฏุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงุฌูˆุง ุงุฎูˆุง ู…ู† ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:53,520
767
+ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ infection control ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชู†ุงู‚ุด ููŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:53,520 --> 00:13:58,610
771
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉุจู†ุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ุงุจู†ูุนุด ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ุนู…ู„ testing ููŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:58,610 --> 00:14:01,570
775
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุงุฎุฏ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:01,570 --> 00:14:06,370
779
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุชุฃุฒู„ูˆู‡ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ูˆ ู†ุญุงูˆู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:06,370 --> 00:14:11,490
783
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง gradient ุงู…ุง concentration ุงูˆ gradient time
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:11,490 --> 00:14:15,450
787
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ exposure time 30 second 45 second ู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:15,450 --> 00:14:19,090
791
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงูุถู„ ูˆู‚ุช ุงูุถู„ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:19,090 --> 00:14:23,770
795
+ ุงู‚ุตุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ูƒู…ุงู†ูˆู„ู„ุฃุณู ู…ุงุนู†ุงุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุณ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:23,770 --> 00:14:28,110
799
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ูุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ู„ูƒู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:28,110 --> 00:14:31,470
803
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุนุงู„ ุถุฏ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:35,470
807
+ ูˆู…ุด ูุนุงู„ ุถุฏ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:35,470 --> 00:14:37,870
811
+ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุตุฏูˆู… ูˆุงู†ุงุณุช ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุฒุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:37,870 --> 00:14:41,290
815
+ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู„ุงุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู„ุงุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:41,290 --> 00:14:44,190
819
+ our research ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ูˆูŠู† ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:44,190 --> 00:14:47,290
823
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุงููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚ ู„ุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตุงุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:47,290 --> 00:14:51,130
827
+ ุจูŠุบุณู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ุงู„ุตุงุจูˆู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบุณู„ู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:51,130 --> 00:14:55,830
831
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ู„ุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุญูˆุงุถ ุงุณุชุญู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู„ู…ุง
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:55,830 --> 00:14:59,870
835
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู‚ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุช ุจูŠุดูƒู„
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:59,870 --> 00:15:04,090
839
+ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ู„ู„ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูุฃุญุฏ ุฃุณุงู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃู†ู‡
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:04,090 --> 00:15:09,190
843
+ ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุช ููƒุจ ุจูŠุฒู„ูˆู‡ ุจู€scrubbing ูƒุดุช
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:09,190 --> 00:15:14,630
847
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎููู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุคู„ู… ุฌุฏุง ูุจูˆุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ุญูˆุถ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:14,630 --> 00:15:19,470
851
+ ุงุณุชู‡ู…ุงู… ู…ุงุก ุฏุงูุน ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญูˆุถ ู‡ุฐุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:19,470 --> 00:15:21,090
855
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุฃู‰ ู‡ู†ุถูŠู
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:24,810 --> 00:15:27,410
859
+ ู„ู‚ูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูุงูŠุงุชุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑุงุดุฉ ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:27,410 --> 00:15:31,230
863
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุชุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุงุชุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:31,230 --> 00:15:35,450
867
+ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆ ู…ุด
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:35,450 --> 00:15:40,170
871
+ ูƒุญูˆู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ chlorineation ูƒุงู„ูˆุฑุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:40,170 --> 00:15:43,930
875
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ disinfection ู„ู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ time ูˆ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:43,930 --> 00:15:47,390
879
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงููŠ ู„ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ pseudomonas ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:47,390 --> 00:15:50,830
883
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู† ูˆุงุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:50,830 --> 00:15:55,210
887
+ ุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ experiment ูˆ ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ูˆ ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:55,210 --> 00:16:00,060
891
+ concentration ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฅุชุจุงุน ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:00,060 --> 00:16:02,800
895
+ ููŠ ุงู„ disinfection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cleaning the surface
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:06,480
899
+ before disinfecting ุชุจุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุทุญ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:06,480 --> 00:16:11,300
903
+ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ ุบุจุงุฑ ูˆุณุทุญ ุขุฎุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู†
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:11,300 --> 00:16:14,620
907
+ ู…ุงุนู„ู‡ูˆุด ุบุจุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุทูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ disinfectant
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:14,620 --> 00:16:19,110
911
+ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุนุงู„ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุงู„ู‡ูˆุด ุบุจุงุฑ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:19,110 --> 00:16:23,370
915
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ organic material provide protection for the
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:23,370 --> 00:16:25,950
919
+ microorganism ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ disinfection ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฎุฏ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:25,950 --> 00:16:31,690
923
+ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุจุฏู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ูˆุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:31,690 --> 00:16:36,250
927
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:36,250 --> 00:16:39,130
931
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ pseudomonas aeruginosa
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:39,130 --> 00:16:43,250
935
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌู‰ urinary tract infection ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:43,250 --> 00:16:46,070
939
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุงุณูŠ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ lactose fermenter
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:46,070 --> 00:16:49,010
943
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ urinary tract infection ูŠุนู†ูŠ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:49,010 --> 00:16:52,130
947
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฒู„ ุฃูˆุชุงูŠุชุณ ู…ูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณุทู‰ุŒ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:52,130 --> 00:16:56,920
951
+ wound infectionุŒ sinus infectionBronchopneumonia,
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:57,300 --> 00:17:01,020
955
+ Sepsis, Burn Infection, Meningitis and
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:01,020 --> 00:17:04,360
959
+ Endocarditis ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆุงู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:04,360 --> 00:17:09,280
963
+ ูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:09,280 --> 00:17:12,360
967
+ conditions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ pseudomonas aeruginosa
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:12,360 --> 00:17:15,200
971
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ pseudomonas aeruginosa ุนุฒุฑุช ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:18,840
975
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:18,840 --> 00:17:23,320
979
+ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ูู‚ุทู‡ูŠ ุงู„ most common sites of isolation
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:27,140
983
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุตูŠุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุฃุฑุฌู†ูˆุฒุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:27,140 --> 00:17:31,600
987
+ ุญูƒูŠุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ burn infection ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:37,000
991
+ ุชุดูƒู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ cause of
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:45,540
995
+ burn infectionุฃุฎุฑ ุฏุฑุงุณุชูŠู† ู†ุดุฑู†ุงู‡ู… ุณู†ุฉ 2013 ุนู† ุงู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:45,540 --> 00:17:49,760
999
+ burn units ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ Sodomonas
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:49,760 --> 00:17:52,840
1003
+ aeruginosa ู‡ูŠ number one isolate ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:52,840 --> 00:17:57,370
1007
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:57,370 --> 00:18:02,530
1011
+ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆู‰ ุจุชุงุน
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:02,530 --> 00:18:06,630
1015
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุฅูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:06,630 --> 00:18:09,850
1019
+ ู‡ู… ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ู„ุทุจุงุก ูˆู„ู…ู…ุฑุถูŠู† ูˆุนู…ุงู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:09,850 --> 00:18:13,270
1023
+ ู†ุถุนูุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ูˆ ู„ุฌุงู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุณ ูู‡ูŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:13,270 --> 00:18:16,210
1027
+ ูƒุงู†ุช number one isolate ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู† ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:16,210 --> 00:18:19,700
1031
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ environment ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ุทุจุนุง
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:19,700 --> 00:18:22,280
1035
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ antimicrobial resistance ุจุงุนู‡ุง ู…ุฎูŠู
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:22,280 --> 00:18:28,700
1039
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู†ุชุงุฆุฌู‡ ู…ู‚ู„ู‚ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ infections ุจูŠู‡
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:28,700 --> 00:18:31,980
1043
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ eye infection
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:31,980 --> 00:18:35,100
1047
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ุงู† ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงุด ุงู†ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ eye infection it
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:35,100 --> 00:18:40,270
1051
+ is a common eye infectionุทูŠุจ ุงู„ identification ู„
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:40,270 --> 00:18:44,690
1055
+ ุงู„ pseudomonas aeruginosa ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ู„ gram stain
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:44,690 --> 00:18:48,110
1059
+ is of little value ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ gram
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:48,110 --> 00:18:52,210
1063
+ stain ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุฅู„ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง gram
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:18:52,210 --> 00:18:57,270
1067
+ negative ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุงู„ culture ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูŠู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:18:57,270 --> 00:19:01,010
1071
+ ุงู„ enterobacteriaceae ูˆ ุงู„ pseudomonas ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:01,010 --> 00:19:05,330
1075
+ growth, they can all grow on the same media ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:05,330 --> 00:19:08,110
1079
+ pseudomonas erginosa can grow on makunke, on blood
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:19:08,110 --> 00:19:12,690
1083
+ agar and on nutrient agar ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:19:12,690 --> 00:19:15,210
1087
+ ุงู„ general media ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ pigment ูˆ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:20,490
1091
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆู† ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุตูุฑ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:20,490 --> 00:19:23,130
1095
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:26,750 --> 00:19:29,450
1099
+ colonies are two to four millimeters ูŠุนู†ูŠ large
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:29,450 --> 00:19:32,710
1103
+ colonies ุตุญ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ in diameter slightly
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:32,710 --> 00:19:37,890
1107
+ convex grayish they smell ูˆุฏูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ they
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:37,890 --> 00:19:39,810
1111
+ smell grape like odor
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:42,590 --> 00:19:47,010
1115
+ ุนูŠู†ุจุŒ ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุจ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง fruity
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:47,010 --> 00:19:51,510
1119
+ odor ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูˆ ู†ุดุชู…ู‡ ูˆ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:51,510 --> 00:19:59,990
1123
+ ุงู†ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจูุชุญ ุงู„ incubator ูˆ ูุชุญ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู„ุฃุฎุฐ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:59,990 --> 00:20:04,670
1127
+ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ุณุชู†ุจุนุซ ุฑุงุฆุญุฉุŒ ุณุชู†ุจุนุซ ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:04,670 --> 00:20:07,810
1131
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูุถู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู†ุง fruity
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:20:07,810 --> 00:20:12,590
1135
+ odor ุงูˆ grape like odorุงู„ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุฏ ุงุฌุงุฑูŠ ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุณ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:20:12,590 --> 00:20:16,050
1139
+ ุฅุฑุฌู†ุณุง is easily recognized by the diffuse blue
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:20:16,050 --> 00:20:19,610
1143
+ -green pigmentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฌุฑู‰ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู‡ู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:19,610 --> 00:20:22,970
1147
+ ูˆุณู„ุณ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฏูŠ pigment ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ู„ูˆู† ู…ู…ูŠุฒ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:22,970 --> 00:20:27,530
1151
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏ ุทู„ุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:27,530 --> 00:20:30,850
1155
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ microbiology ุจูŠุดูˆูู‡ุง ู…ู† ุจูŠู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:30,850 --> 00:20:33,790
1159
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุณ ุฅุฑุฌู†ุณุง ุนู„ู‰
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:33,790 --> 00:20:39,000
1163
+ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุฃ ูˆุญุจุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุตูุฉ ูˆ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:43,760
1167
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ microbe ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฐุง ูˆ ูƒุฐุงุŒ ุทุจุนุงุŸ ู‚ุจู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:47,080
1171
+ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ุชู… ุชูˆุงุตู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎูˆุฉ ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:51,200
1175
+ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตุฑุŒ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:52,700
1179
+ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตุฑุŒ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:20:52,700 --> 00:20:52,740
1183
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:20:52,740 --> 00:20:52,980
1187
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:20:52,980 --> 00:20:53,620
1191
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:53,620 --> 00:20:54,200
1195
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:54,200
1199
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:54,200
1203
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:54,200
1207
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:56,450
1211
+ ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู† ู…ู†ุฌุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:20:56,450 --> 00:20:59,350
1215
+ ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ู‡ ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุงูŠุฌุง ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:20:59,350 --> 00:21:02,350
1219
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุฅุฑุฌู†ูˆุฒุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:02,350 --> 00:21:05,570
1223
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุทู„ุนุช ุตูŠุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุฅุฑุฌู†ูˆุฒุง ูููŠ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:05,570 --> 00:21:09,410
1227
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง exceptions ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:21:09,410 --> 00:21:13,570
1231
+ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:21:13,570 --> 00:21:16,470
1235
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:21:16,470 --> 00:21:22,130
1239
+ ู‡ูŠ suspect ูˆู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุชุนุฑูŠู
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:21:22,130 --> 00:21:26,800
1243
+ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ุฃูƒุฏ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:21:26,800 --> 00:21:33,960
1247
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุตูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุญุฏุฏ ู…ู†
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:37,220
1251
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ cultural
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:37,220 --> 00:21:40,620
1255
+ characteristics ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ morphology and staining
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:40,620 --> 00:21:44,940
1259
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุตูุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุชูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆู†ุง ู†ุนู…
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:44,940 --> 00:21:48,800
1263
+ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุนุฑููˆุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ู„ุฌุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:21:48,800 --> 00:21:51,380
1267
+ ู„ู„ biochemical test ูˆ ุงู„ serological test
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:21:54,170 --> 00:22:00,750
1271
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู…ุงุนู‡ู… Sodomonas
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:00,750 --> 00:22:04,730
1275
+ Sodomonas ูˆุงุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ Acromobacter ุฃู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฑ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:04,730 --> 00:22:08,490
1279
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃุฑูุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃุญุทู‡ุง ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:08,490 --> 00:22:12,470
1283
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… Sodomonas Acromobacter
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:22:12,470 --> 00:22:17,390
1287
+ Acromobacter Acromobacter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ Acromobacter
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:22:17,390 --> 00:22:20,210
1291
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ Flavobacterium
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:27,300
1295
+ ูˆ flavo ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃุตูุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒูŠู†ุฌูŠู„ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:22:27,300 --> 00:22:35,850
1299
+ ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุงุงู„ูƒุงู„ูŠุฌู†ุฒ ุจูˆุฑุฏุชูŠู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฑุงูƒุณูŠู„ุฉ ุฃุณูŠู†ูŠุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:22:35,850 --> 00:22:40,210
1303
+ ุฃู‚ุฑุฃ ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุณูˆุฏูˆ ู…ูˆู†ุณ ุฃูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:22:40,210 --> 00:22:47,150
1307
+ ูู„ุงููˆุจุงูƒุชุฑูŠูˆู… ูƒูŠู†ุฌูŠู„ุง ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฌู†ุฒ ุจูˆุฑุฏุชูŠู„ุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:22:47,150 --> 00:22:52,750
1311
+ ู…ูˆุฑุงูƒุณูŠู„ุฉ and ุฃุณูŠู†ูŠุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:22:52,750 --> 00:22:55,230
1315
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:22:57,230 --> 00:23:04,510
1319
+ ูˆ ุงู„ bordetella ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงู„ูŠู† ู…ู†ูุตู„ูŠู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:04,510 --> 00:23:07,650
1323
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู„ู‡ู… ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:07,650 --> 00:23:11,530
1327
+ brucella ูˆ ุงู„ bordetella ู„ูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู„ู‡ู… ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:11,530 --> 00:23:16,350
1331
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุชู‡ู… ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑู‡ู… ูˆุงุณุนุŒ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:20,730
1335
+ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู„ู‡ู… ุฎุตุงุฆุต ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:23:20,730 --> 00:23:23,720
1339
+ bordetella ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุงุญุฏ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:26,800
1343
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:29,680
1347
+ ุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ ุฏูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุฑุถ ู…ู‡ู… ู„ุนู†ุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:34,260
1351
+ ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุง ุงู„ุทุจ ุงู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุดุฎุตู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู†
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:23:34,260 --> 00:23:39,800
1355
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃู„ุจุงู† ู„ู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุนุฒ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:43,600
1359
+ ุซุงุจุช ูˆู„ูˆุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:47,630
1363
+ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ microุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจุงุฌูŠูŠู†
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:23:47,630 --> 00:23:51,950
1367
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… Sodomonas ูˆุฃูƒุฑู…ูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ ูู„ุงูˆุงุจุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ูƒู†ุฌู„ุฉ ุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:23:51,950 --> 00:23:56,350
1371
+ Calogens ู…ูˆุฑุงูƒุณูŠู„ุง ูˆุฃุณูŠู†ูŠุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‚ูŠุจุช ุดูŠุงุจู‡ู…
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:23:56,350 --> 00:23:56,930
1375
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:02,020 --> 00:24:05,080
1379
+ ุจุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุด requirement ู„ growth ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ู…
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:08,300
1383
+ can grow on ู…ูƒูˆู†ูƒูŠ can grow on blood agar can grow
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:08,300 --> 00:24:11,760
1387
+ on nutrient agar ุงุฑุจุน ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนุงุฑููŠู†
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:24:11,760 --> 00:24:16,480
1391
+ ุฌุฏุด ุจุฏู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุง ุงู„ border ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:20,940
1395
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 72 ูŠูˆู… ุงูˆ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุฃูŠุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:24:20,940 --> 00:24:26,320
1399
+ ุฃูŠุงู… ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงูˆุณุงุท ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุงูˆุณุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:24:26,320 --> 00:24:32,010
1403
+ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ู… ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงููŠ ุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ุนู†
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:24:32,010 --> 00:24:37,790
1407
+ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ bacteria ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒูˆุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:24:38,750 --> 00:24:42,970
1411
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ pseudomonas
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:24:42,970 --> 00:24:46,230
1415
+ aeruginosa ุงูˆ pseudomonas and miscellaneous non
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:24:46,230 --> 00:24:50,170
1419
+ -fermenter ุงูŠุด ูˆุฌู‡ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡ู… non-fermenter
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:24:50,170 --> 00:24:54,250
1423
+ ุงู†ู‡ู… gram negative bacilli ูˆุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:24:54,250 --> 00:24:57,670
1427
+ bacilli ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุช ู„ุณู‡ ุงุณุชุซู†ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:24:57,670 --> 00:25:01,550
1431
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง cocoa bacilli ูˆู‡ู†ุง they are gram
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:25:01,550 --> 00:25:05,290
1435
+ negative bacilli or cocoa bacilli ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:25:06,620 --> 00:25:11,160
1439
+ Cocobacilli ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณู†ูŠุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุณูŠู„ุงูŠ ู„ูƒู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:14,420
1443
+ ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ููŠ ุฃู† ุจุณูŠู„ุงูŠ ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠ ุญู†ุดูˆู ู„ู…ุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:25:14,420 --> 00:25:19,400
1447
+ ู†ุตู„ู‡ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทู„ุนูˆู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒู…
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:25:19,400 --> 00:25:25,480
1451
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชู„ุช ุฃุนู…ุฏุฉ ูŠู…ูŠุฒูˆู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:25:25,480 --> 00:25:30,580
1455
+ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:25:30,580 --> 00:25:35,160
1459
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠุดุจู‡ ู…ูŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุทู„ุนูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุงุณู†ูŠุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:25:36,230 --> 00:25:43,470
1463
+ negative, variable, non-motile ู…ุฑูŠุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูŠ ุงู‡ุŸู‡ูŠ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:25:43,470 --> 00:25:45,410
1467
+ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:25:45,410 --> 00:25:49,710
1471
+ Oxidation ู„ูƒู† pseudomonas ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:25:49,710 --> 00:25:52,010
1475
+ Oxidase absolutely positive ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒู„ู…
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:25:52,010 --> 00:25:55,770
1479
+ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู† variable ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฒ Oxidation ุจุฑุถู‡
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:25:55,770 --> 00:25:59,930
1483
+ variable ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ flagella ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู‰ motile ูˆู…ุด
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:25:59,930 --> 00:26:04,430
1487
+ ุจุณ motile motile bipolar flagella ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:26:04,430 --> 00:26:10,380
1491
+ ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ polarูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:26:10,380 --> 00:26:15,480
1495
+ ุจูŠู† Sodomonas ูˆุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ Acromobol ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:19,260
1499
+ for sure ุจูˆุณุชู .. ุจูˆุณุชู ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ู‡ุฏ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:26:19,260 --> 00:26:21,760
1503
+ ู…ุน ู‡ุฏูŠ ู„ุฅู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูˆุณุชู ูˆ ู‡ุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:27,020
1507
+ ุจูˆุณุชู ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:26:27,020 --> 00:26:30,380
1511
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ Poland
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:36,440
1515
+ ุงู„ูู„ุงูŠู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ูƒู†ุฌู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุตุชู ูˆ ุจุตุชู
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:40,700
1519
+ ู„ูƒู† none more time ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:44,380
1523
+ ู†ุฎุทุฃู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:26:44,380 --> 00:26:47,240
1527
+ ู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุจุนุฏูˆู‡ุง .. ุงุจุนุฏูˆู‡ุง ุฎุงู„ุต
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:50,860
1531
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุชุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ time ุฎุงู„ุต ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ูุณ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:26:50,860 --> 00:26:57,340
1535
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ time ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุงู„ูŠุฌูŠู† ุจุตุชู negative P
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:26:57,340 --> 00:27:01,670
1539
+ ู„ู„ุชุฑูŠูƒุฉ ุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุงู„ูŠุฌูŠู† ูˆู…ูŠู†ุŸูˆุงู„ุงูƒู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุจุงุนูŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:27:01,670 --> 00:27:05,290
1543
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:27:05,290 --> 00:27:08,950
1547
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงูƒุณูŠุฏุงุดู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฑุงูƒุณูŠู„ุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:27:10,520 --> 00:27:14,360
1551
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง non-motile ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:27:14,360 --> 00:27:17,980
1555
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุญุธู‡ positive ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏุงูŠุฒ ู„ูƒู† negative ู„ ..
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:27:17,980 --> 00:27:21,960
1559
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:27,720
1563
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:31,760
1567
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ genesis ูƒู„ู…ุฉ genus ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:34,940
1571
+ ุนู† ุงู„ space ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุนู† ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุณ ุงูˆุฑูŠุฌู†ูˆุฒุง ุงูˆ ูƒู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:27:34,940 --> 00:27:39,610
1575
+ ุตุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุณ ููŠ ุฎุงู†ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ ููŠ ุฎุงู†ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุงุฐุง
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:27:39,610 --> 00:27:44,410
1579
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ ุงู† ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุจุณ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:27:44,410 --> 00:27:49,230
1583
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ูƒูˆูƒูˆ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ they are all non-fermenter
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:27:49,230 --> 00:27:53,170
1587
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ non-fermenter ู„ูƒู† some are motile some non
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:27:53,170 --> 00:27:56,490
1591
+ -motile ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… heterogeneous group
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:27:56,490 --> 00:28:03,330
1595
+ heterogeneous group ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ู†ุฑุฌุน
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:28:03,330 --> 00:28:05,370
1599
+ ู„ุตูŠุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุงูŠุฑุฌูŠู†ูˆุฒุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุตูŠุฏูˆู…ูˆู†ุงุณ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:28:05,370 --> 00:28:09,790
1603
+ ุงูŠุฑุฌูŠู†ูˆุฒุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† physiological typingู…ุด ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู†
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:28:09,790 --> 00:28:13,170
1607
+ ููŠ biochemical characteristics ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฌูˆู†ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:28:13,170 --> 00:28:17,830
1611
+ oxidase positive ุงูˆ variable ุฌูˆู†ุง oxidizer ุฌูˆู†ุง it
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:28:17,830 --> 00:28:24,010
1615
+ produces pigment ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ serology ูŠุตู„ุญ ูƒูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:28:24,010 --> 00:28:27,910
1619
+ ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน ู…ุน
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:28:27,910 --> 00:28:28,110
1623
+ ุจุนุถ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:28:31,380 --> 00:28:34,560
1627
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงุบู„ูˆุชู†ุงุทูŠุฉ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:28:34,560 --> 00:28:36,140
1631
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:28:36,140 --> 00:28:37,400
1635
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:38,300
1639
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:28:38,300 --> 00:28:38,980
1643
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:28:38,980 --> 00:28:40,400
1647
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:48,420
1651
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:28:48,420 --> 00:28:48,420
1655
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:28:48,420 --> 00:28:52,840
1659
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:28:52,840 --> 00:28:56,640
1663
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:28:56,670 --> 00:29:02,690
1667
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุตู„ุช
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:29:02,690 --> 00:29:06,350
1671
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ ุงู„ biocin typing ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:29:06,350 --> 00:29:09,470
1675
+ ู†ุณู…ุน ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุณู…ุน ููŠู‡ ุงู„ biocin ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:29:09,470 --> 00:29:13,830
1679
+ antibiotic-like produced by the bacteria this
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:29:13,830 --> 00:29:17,890
1683
+ antibiotic is characteristic ูƒู„ู…ุฉ characteristic
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:29:17,890 --> 00:29:23,790
1687
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตูุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ู„ producer strain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:29:45,380 --> 00:29:49,700
1691
+ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุณูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:29:49,700 --> 00:29:53,040
1695
+ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุณูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุฌุช ู…ู† pseudomonas
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:29:55,780 --> 00:30:00,720
1699
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนุฑู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ ุจูŠูˆุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌู‡ ุงูŠุด ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:04,510
1703
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠู† ุชู„ุนุจู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠูˆุณูŠู† ุทูŠุจููŠู†
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:30:04,510 --> 00:30:08,050
1707
+ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ antibiotic susceptibility ู…ุฑุถูˆ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:30:08,050 --> 00:30:13,010
1711
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ู„ู‚ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:30:13,010 --> 00:30:15,910
1715
+ sensitivity to pseudomonas aeruginosa ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:30:15,910 --> 00:30:18,410
1719
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa is typically resistant to
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:30:18,410 --> 00:30:21,130
1723
+ commonly used antibiotics ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ typically
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:30:21,130 --> 00:30:22,750
1727
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง naturally
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:30:25,570 --> 00:30:28,390
1731
+ Aminoglycosides ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠูƒุงุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฌู†ุชุงู…ูŠุณูŠู†
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:30:28,390 --> 00:30:32,130
1735
+ ูˆุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:30:32,130 --> 00:30:37,050
1739
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงูƒูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุด ..
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:30:37,050 --> 00:30:41,310
1743
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ู…ุด resistant ู„ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ููŠ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:30:41,310 --> 00:30:44,330
1747
+ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ู„ูƒู† based on what? sensitivity
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:30:44,330 --> 00:30:48,630
1751
+ testing sensitivity testing ุงูŠุด ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงุŸ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:30:48,630 --> 00:30:51,870
1755
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:30:51,870 --> 00:30:57,480
1759
+ ูˆูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู†required for the growth of this
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:30:57,480 --> 00:31:00,760
1763
+ organism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง .. ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช sensitivity
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:31:00,760 --> 00:31:05,220
1767
+ testing ู„ุตูŠุฏู…ูˆู†ุงุณ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุฌูŠู†ูˆุฒุง ููŠ ูˆุณุท ูู‚ูŠุฑ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:31:05,220 --> 00:31:12,100
1771
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุงูŠุด ุชูˆู‚ุนู‡ุงุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:31:12,100 --> 00:31:17,700
1775
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุชูƒุŸ ุฃุญุณู† ูˆู„ุง ุฃุณูˆุฃุŸ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ุฃุณูˆุฃ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:31:17,700 --> 00:31:19,420
1779
+ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ .. ู‚ูˆู„
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:31:22,690 --> 00:31:27,450
1783
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ antibiotic ุจูƒูˆู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:31:27,450 --> 00:31:30,330
1787
+ maximum ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ maximum activity
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:31:30,330 --> 00:31:33,470
1791
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง maximum activity ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช slow growing
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:31:33,470 --> 00:31:38,710
1795
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุตุงุฑุฎ ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฐูƒุฑู„ูƒู…
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:31:38,710 --> 00:31:44,090
1799
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุงุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ E.coli ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:31:44,090 --> 00:31:50,810
1803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุงุชุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ micro
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:31:50,810 --> 00:31:54,030
1807
+ bacterium tuberculosis ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:31:54,030 --> 00:31:58,710
1811
+ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:31:58,710 --> 00:32:02,670
1815
+ ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ micro bacterium ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ E.coli ุนู„ู‰
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:32:02,670 --> 00:32:08,060
1819
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุงู„ู€
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:32:08,060 --> 00:32:16,000
1823
+ Mycobacterium ูˆุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุช ุชู…ุงู… ุจุนุฏ 24
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:19,420
1827
+ ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณุฑุน ููŠ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:32:19,420 --> 00:32:22,960
1831
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑุŸ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู„ู…ุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:32:22,960 --> 00:32:26,500
1835
+ .. ู„ู…ุง .. ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู…ุฑุถ ุจุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ุจุนุงู„ุฌู‡
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:32:26,500 --> 00:32:30,870
1839
+ ุจุฃู†ุช ุจูŠุชูƒ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู„ุช ุฃูŠุงู… maximum ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูŠุงู…ู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠู…ุฑุถ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:32:30,870 --> 00:32:34,330
1843
+ ู‡ุงู†ุงุŒ ุจูŠุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุจุฃุฑุจุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:32:34,330 --> 00:32:38,830
1847
+ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุจุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:32:38,830 --> 00:32:43,530
1851
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุตุงุฑุฎ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:32:43,530 --> 00:32:46,770
1855
+ concept ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ effect ุชุจุน ุงู„ antibiotic
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:32:46,770 --> 00:32:50,910
1859
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูุถู„ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุดุทุฉ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:32:50,910 --> 00:32:56,190
1863
+ ุฃูŠุถูŠุงุŒ ูุถู„ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนูŠุฏู‡ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุฉุŸ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:32:59,270 --> 00:33:01,970
1867
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ doubling timeุŒ doubling time ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒู…ุงู†
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:33:01,970 --> 00:33:08,270
1871
+ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… twenty minutes ูˆ doubling time ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:33:08,270 --> 00:33:13,490
1875
+ twenty four hours ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุนู„ู‰
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:33:13,490 --> 00:33:20,530
1879
+ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏุŒ metabolic rate ู‡ู†ุง
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:33:20,530 --> 00:33:29,500
1883
+ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ metabolic rate ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:33:29,500 --> 00:33:33,720
1887
+ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุงู†ุชุฑุถูŠุง ู…ุน ุงู„ activity of antibiotic the
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:33:33,720 --> 00:33:38,120
1891
+ more metabolic rate the more the effect of
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:33:38,120 --> 00:33:41,180
1895
+ antibiotic
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:33:41,180 --> 00:33:47,900
1899
+ the less the metabolic activity the less the
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:53,260
1903
+ activity of antibiotics ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู† ุดุงุก
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:33:53,260 --> 00:33:53,860
1907
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŸ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:34:00,780 --> 00:34:06,740
1911
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:34:06,740 --> 00:34:13,340
1915
+ sensitivity testing ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† contest ู…ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ู†
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:34:13,340 --> 00:34:18,780
1919
+ ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ antibiotic ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:34:18,780 --> 00:34:24,850
1923
+ contestุŸู‡ู„ ุจูŠุฌูˆุฒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุฑุจุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ูˆุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:34:24,850 --> 00:34:28,090
1927
+ ุฃุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุญู„ุจุฉ ู…ุตุงุฑุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ุดูˆู ู…ูŠู† ุฃุฌูˆุง ุฃู†ุช ูˆู„ุง
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:34:28,090 --> 00:34:32,230
1931
+ ูู„ุงู†ุŸ ู…ูŠู†ูุนุดุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูˆูุฑ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ูˆ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:34:32,230 --> 00:34:36,610
1935
+ ุชู‡ูŠุฆู„ู‡ู… ุฃูุถู„ุŒ ู…ุด ุจุณ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆูุŒ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆูุŒ ุญุชู‰
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:34:36,610 --> 00:34:40,610
1939
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบู„ุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุบู„ุจ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุบู„ุจ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:34:40,610 --> 00:34:46,560
1943
+ ุจุฌุฏุงุฑุฉุŒ ู…ุด ุฌุฏุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุจุทุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุงุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:34:46,560 --> 00:34:51,800
1947
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ุงู„ antibiotic ุนู…ู„ effect ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:34:51,800 --> 00:34:57,460
1951
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ effect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŒ ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุญุณุงุณุฉ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:34:57,460 --> 00:35:02,120
1955
+ ู„ู„ antibioticุŒ ู…ุด ู„ุฅู† ููŠ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุญุฏุช ู…ู† ู†ู…ูˆู‡ุงุŒ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:35:02,120 --> 00:35:06,900
1959
+ ู…ุด ู„ุฅู† ููŠ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุณุงู‡ู…ุช ููŠ ุฅุจุทุงุก ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุชุจุนู‡ุง
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:35:07,790 --> 00:35:10,970
1963
+ ูˆุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุงุนุทูŠ ุงู„
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:35:10,970 --> 00:35:14,210
1967
+ antibiotic ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ effect ุชุจุน ุงู„ in vitro
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:35:14,210 --> 00:35:19,980
1971
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ in vivoูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:35:19,980 --> 00:35:23,880
1975
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ equal eye was
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:35:23,880 --> 00:35:26,260
1979
+ isolated sensitivity test .. ุฃุนููˆุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ู…ูˆู„ุงู†ุง
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:35:26,260 --> 00:35:29,340
1983
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุฒุฉ was isolated sensitivity test was
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:35:29,340 --> 00:35:32,120
1987
+ performed gentamicin was found sensitive the
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:35,440
1991
+ patient prescribed gentamicin for five days no
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:40,350
1995
+ improvement for the patient ุนู„ู‘ู„ุทุจุนุง ุงู‚ู„ู„ ุจูุถูˆุก
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:35:40,350 --> 00:35:43,530
1999
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูุถูˆุก ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชูƒ ุนู† ุงู„ sensitivity ู„ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ุช
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:35:43,530 --> 00:35:46,810
2003
+ ู„ุงู† ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดูƒูƒ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู† ุงู„ sensitivity result
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:35:46,810 --> 00:35:49,450
2007
+ ู…ุงูƒู†ุชุด .. ุจุฏูƒ ุชุดูƒูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ sensitivity result ุงู†ู‡ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:35:49,450 --> 00:35:52,850
2011
+ ู…ุงูƒู†ุชุด ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู†ุธุฑู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ media ู„ู… ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:35:52,850 --> 00:35:56,070
2015
+ magnesium and ูƒุงู„ุณ ุจุณ ุงุทู…ุฃู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุทู„ ูŠุฌูŠ
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:35:56,070 --> 00:36:00,370
2019
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู†ุงุช Sodomonas
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:36:00,370 --> 00:36:02,070
2023
+ ุตุฏุฑ
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:36:06,900 --> 00:36:10,920
2027
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุง ุงุจูˆู†ุงูŠ ุงู†ุง ุฐุงูƒุฑุช ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุณู…ู‡
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:36:10,920 --> 00:36:13,860
2031
+ mycobacterium tuberculosis mycobacterium
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:36:13,860 --> 00:36:16,420
2035
+ tuberculosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณูˆู„ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงูˆูŠ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:36:16,420 --> 00:36:20,040
2039
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa ูŠุนู†ูŠ it requires longer
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:36:20,040 --> 00:36:25,820
2043
+ period than Icherichia coli ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุจุชุตู„ุด ู„ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:36:25,820 --> 00:36:29,790
2047
+ ู…ุงุจุชุตู„ุด ู„ูˆ ุงุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุณูˆู„ุฉู…ุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ ููŠ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:36:29,790 --> 00:36:33,930
2051
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง hard to treat ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง more resistant to
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:36:33,930 --> 00:36:37,510
2055
+ antibiotic ุจุณ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€Mycobacterium ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:36:37,510 --> 00:36:42,430
2059
+ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:36:42,430 --> 00:36:47,390
2063
+ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงูŠู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:36:47,390 --> 00:36:52,930
2067
+ Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณู„ุฑูŠุฉ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:36:52,930 --> 00:36:58,520
2071
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงูˆ ุจู„ู… ู†ุนู„ุฉ tuberculosispseudomonas
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:36:58,520 --> 00:37:02,740
2075
+ pseudomaly ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† pseudomonas ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุฒุฉ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:37:02,740 --> 00:37:06,900
2079
+ ุณู…ูŠู†ุง ุจูˆุฑุฎู„ุฏูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูˆุฑุฎู„ุฏูŠุฑูŠุง pseudomaly ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฑุถ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:37:06,900 --> 00:37:11,000
2083
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ milliodosis ูˆุงู„milliodosis ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:14,980
2087
+ tropical disease ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ tropical diseaseุŸ ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:37:14,980 --> 00:37:18,240
2091
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ุงู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ู†ุง
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:37:18,240 --> 00:37:25,480
2095
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนุชุฏุงู„ุฉ uncommon ุบูŠุฑ ุดุงุฆุนุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:37:25,480 --> 00:37:30,140
2099
+ palmonary manifestation ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฑุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:37:30,140 --> 00:37:36,800
2103
+ ุชุฌุนู„ู‡ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจู…ู† ุจุงู„ tuberculosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:41,100
2107
+ ู…ุชู…ุฑุณ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุธู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ูˆุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ X
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:37:41,100 --> 00:37:44,680
2111
+ -ray ู…ู† ุงู„ X-ray ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ tuberculosis
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:47,420
2115
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ myeloidosis could be confused with
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:37:47,420 --> 00:37:51,100
2119
+ tuberculosis characteristics no pigment ู…ุงููŠุด ู‡ู†ุง
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:37:51,100 --> 00:37:55,280
2123
+ pigmentุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุณูŠุฒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠู…ุฑ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:37:55,280 --> 00:38:01,320
2127
+ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุตุญุŸ ูุญุต ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุณูŠุฒ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:38:01,320 --> 00:38:04,760
2131
+ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุณูŠุฒ ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ ููŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง group
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:38:04,760 --> 00:38:07,640
2135
+ B streptococci ุงูˆ ู„ุง ุฃููˆุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ ุงู†ุชุฑูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:38:07,640 --> 00:38:11,280
2139
+ ู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:15,960
2143
+ ูƒูุญุต ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุฃุฌู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุชู‡ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฑูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฉ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:38:15,960 --> 00:38:22,200
2147
+ lactose oxidation positive ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉู…ุด fermentation
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:38:22,200 --> 00:38:26,520
2151
+ these characters ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:38:26,520 --> 00:38:33,320
2155
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุงู„ ุงู„ pseudomonas pseudomaly
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:38,820
2159
+ ุนู† pseudomonas eryginosa ุทุจุนุง
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:38:38,820 --> 00:38:42,380
2163
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:38:42,380 --> 00:38:47,220
2167
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ ุงู„ inhalation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู„ mood
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:38:47,220 --> 00:38:49,980
2171
+ of the transmission ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ central
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:38:49,980 --> 00:38:54,740
2175
+ nervous system ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ parotitis ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:38:54,740 --> 00:38:59,100
2179
+ pneumonia ูˆ ุงู„ pneumonia ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู… ุชุดุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:38:59,100 --> 00:39:02,360
2183
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ tuberculosis ุชุดุจู‡ ุญุฏ ุงู„
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:39:02,360 --> 00:39:05,820
2187
+ tuberculosis ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง simple skin
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:39:05,820 --> 00:39:06,400
2191
+ infection
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:39:09,620 --> 00:39:13,120
2195
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฎู„ุฏูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงูˆ pseudomonas ู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ disease
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:39:13,120 --> 00:39:17,780
2199
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ glander ูˆ ุงู„ glander ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ulcerating
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:39:17,780 --> 00:39:24,300
2203
+ tubercle-like nodules nodules ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ุงูˆ ุนู‚ุฏ
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:39:24,300 --> 00:39:31,180
2207
+ ุนู‚ุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ุชุชู‚ุฑุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุชู‚ุฑุญ form in the
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:39:31,180 --> 00:39:34,920
2211
+ lungs and superficial lymph nodes and mucous
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:39:34,920 --> 00:39:37,760
2215
+ membrane ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:39:37,760 --> 00:39:40,830
2219
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงู†ุงุชthis organism could be differentiated from
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:39:40,830 --> 00:39:42,850
2223
+ other pseudomonas species by carbohydrate
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:39:42,850 --> 00:39:47,190
2227
+ oxidation test ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ A,B,I ู…ุงุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:39:47,190 --> 00:39:50,750
2231
+ ู†ู…ุงุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจ one single test ู…ุญุชุงุฌูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:39:50,750 --> 00:39:54,290
2235
+ carbohydrate fermentation test ุงูˆ ุนููˆุง oxidation
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:39:54,290 --> 00:39:59,610
2239
+ test ุทุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ A,B,I ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ A,B,I ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† oxidation
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:39:59,610 --> 00:40:04,190
2243
+ ูˆู„ุง fermentation ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ A,B,I
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:40:08,550 --> 00:40:13,290
2247
+ ุงู„ ABI ู…ุฌุณูˆู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุณู…ูŠู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:40:13,290 --> 00:40:16,970
2251
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:40:16,970 --> 00:40:22,950
2255
+ carbohydrate ุตุญ ุชุณุนุฉ carbohydrate ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:40:22,950 --> 00:40:26,950
2259
+ carbohydrate ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ุด fermentation ูˆู„ุง oxidation
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:40:26,950 --> 00:40:31,970
2263
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง utilization ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุซุงุช
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:40:31,970 --> 00:40:37,350
2267
+ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ fermentation ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ oxidation ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:40:37,350 --> 00:40:41,810
2271
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุนุฑููŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน .. ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช .. ู„ูˆ ุญุงุทูุชูŠ ุตุฏู…ุฉ
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:40:41,810 --> 00:40:43,050
2275
+ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ glucose ู‡ุงู†ุงุด
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:40:45,690 --> 00:40:51,330
2279
+ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุจูˆุณุชู ุจุงุด ุจูˆุณุชู ุจุงุด ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ oxidation ู„ูˆ ุงู„
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:40:51,330 --> 00:40:55,070
2283
+ equalize ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุจูˆุณุชู ุจุณ ุจุงุด ุจุงู„ fermentation ู‡ุฐุง
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:40:55,070 --> 00:40:59,010
2287
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ volume ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:40:59,010 --> 00:41:03,610
2291
+ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ููŠุญุชู…ู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุนู…ู„ fermentation ูˆ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:41:03,610 --> 00:41:06,950
2295
+ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุทู‡ ุนู…ู„ ู…ูŠู† ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุงู‡ุชู…ุชุด ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุนุฑู
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:11,010
2299
+ ุฅู†ู‡ oxidation ุฃูˆ fermentation ูู‚ุท ุนุฑูุช ุฅู†ู‡
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:41:11,490 --> 00:41:16,450
2303
+ Utilization ุงู†ู‡ ุชู… ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:41:16,450 --> 00:41:22,890
2307
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฏุง ุฃูˆ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎู…ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุงุณูŠู†ุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:41:22,890 --> 00:41:28,230
2311
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูƒุงู† ุฒู…ุงู†
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:41:28,230 --> 00:41:34,070
2315
+ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู…ูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ูŠุด
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:41:34,070 --> 00:41:40,090
2319
+ ู…ูŠู…ูŠุงุŸ ู…ูŠู…ูŠุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ mimic ูˆ
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:41:40,090 --> 00:41:50,340
2323
+ mimic ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ูŠุญุงูƒูŠูŠุญุงูƒูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒู„ู… ุญุชู‰
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:41:50,340 --> 00:41:55,440
2327
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู‚ู„ุฏ ุจุชู‚ู„ุฏ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏูŠ ุงุนููˆุง ุชุญุช
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:41:55,440 --> 00:41:59,800
2331
+ ุงูŠ ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุฏุงุฑุณูŠู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุงู† gram negative basilite
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:41:59,800 --> 00:42:03,860
2335
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง basilite ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฌุฏ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:42:03,860 --> 00:42:06,820
2339
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ basilite ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:42:11,280 --> 00:42:15,600
2343
+ ู…ุด ุจุณ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ูˆ Gram Negative ู…ูŠู† Gram
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:18,900
2347
+ Negative ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงุญู†ุงุŸ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง Gram
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:42:18,900 --> 00:42:24,720
2351
+ Negative ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:42:24,720 --> 00:42:29,380
2355
+ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุชุญุงูƒู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุจุชุญุงูƒู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:42:29,380 --> 00:42:32,680
2359
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง Gram Negative ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠุง
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:42:44,220 --> 00:42:47,980
2363
+ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงูŠุงู… ุงุฑูˆุญ ุงุนู…ู„
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:42:47,980 --> 00:42:50,020
2367
+ ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ Gram StainุŒ ุงู†ุง ู„ุฌูŠู‡ุง Gram Negative
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:42:50,020 --> 00:42:53,720
2371
+ Diplococci ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ microbiology
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:42:53,720 --> 00:42:57,660
2375
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณูŠ ุงู„ diagnostic ุจุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:42:57,660 --> 00:43:01,100
2379
+ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู‡ูŠ Gram Negative DiplococciุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:43:01,100 --> 00:43:04,560
2383
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุงูุจุตูŠู†ุง ุดูƒ ูŠุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:43:04,560 --> 00:43:09,060
2387
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู†ุฌูŠุทุงุนุชุณ ูƒูŠู ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุทู…ุฆู† ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:43:09,060 --> 00:43:13,540
2391
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ุฃุณู†ูŠู† ูŠุชูˆุจูˆุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูุญุต ุงู„
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:43:13,540 --> 00:43:17,360
2395
+ oxidase ู…ู†
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:21,100
2399
+ negative ุฃุณู†ูŠู†
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:43:21,100 --> 00:43:22,500
2403
+ ูŠุชูˆุจูˆุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† positive
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:43:25,730 --> 00:43:29,810
2407
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆุง ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู† ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ุฌุงู„ ู…ุงุฑูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงูˆ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:43:29,810 --> 00:43:34,070
2411
+ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุชุงู† ุตุงุฑูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:43:34,070 --> 00:43:42,710
2415
+ ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูƒุณูŠุฏุงูŠุฒ ุจูˆุณุชุฑ ุงู†ุง
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:43:42,710 --> 00:43:45,570
2419
+ ุงุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุทู„ุงุจ ุฒูŠ
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:43:45,570 --> 00:43:50,010
2423
+ ุฃูุถู„ูƒู… ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุณูŠู†ุชูˆุจุงูƒุชุฑ
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:43:50,010 --> 00:43:54,430
2427
+ a very minor pathogen ูˆูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุณุฑูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:43:54,430 --> 00:43:59,270
2431
+ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุณุฑูŠุนู„ูŠุด ููŠ ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุฐุงุช ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:43:59,270 --> 00:44:03,930
2435
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฅู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:44:03,930 --> 00:44:09,510
2439
+ ูˆุงุณุชุฌุงุจุชู‡ุง ู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ููŠ
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:44:09,510 --> 00:44:12,530
2443
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฌุฑูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠู†ูŠุชูˆ ุจูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:44:12,530 --> 00:44:18,390
2447
+ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฅู† ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:44:18,390 --> 00:44:24,290
2451
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ููŠ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:44:24,290 --> 00:44:29,670
2455
+ ุฃุตุจุญุช ุชุดูƒู„ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุชู‚ู„ ุนู† ุฃูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุขุฎุฑ ุชุนุฑูู‡ ููŠ
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:44:29,670 --> 00:44:34,770
2459
+ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุซูŠุณูŠู„ูŠู† resistant ุงุณุชููŠู„ูˆูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ุฃูˆ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:44:34,770 --> 00:44:40,810
2463
+ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู†ุง himaresู†ุธุฑุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุงูƒุชุณุงุจู‡ุง ุตูุงุช
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:44:40,810 --> 00:44:45,610
2467
+ resistance ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูุงู†ุง ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:44:45,610 --> 00:44:48,490
2471
+ ุจุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:44:48,490 --> 00:44:52,930
2475
+ ุจุญุฌู… ุดุบู„ ู…ู† ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุฌุฏุงุด ุจุชุณุจุจ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถุŒ ุฌุฏุงุด ุฎุถูˆุฑุฉ
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:44:52,930 --> 00:44:55,990
2479
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุญุทู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุงู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฌุฏุงุด ู†ุณุจุฉ
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:44:55,990 --> 00:44:59,210
2483
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุชู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุญุณุงุณูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:45:00,660 --> 00:45:04,080
2487
+ it can cause diseases similar to that of
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:45:04,080 --> 00:45:07,660
2491
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู‚ ุจูŠู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ู„ูƒู†
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:45:07,660 --> 00:45:10,580
2495
+ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:45:10,580 --> 00:45:13,500
2499
+ enterobacter ูˆ ุงู„ Escherichia coli ุงู„ Escherichia
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:45:13,500 --> 00:45:17,040
2503
+ coli number one cause of urinary tract infection
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:45:17,040 --> 00:45:20,540
2507
+ ู„ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ enterobacter ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:45:20,540 --> 00:45:24,040
2511
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุจุจู‡ู… ุงู„ Escherichia coli ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ุณุจุฉ
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:45:24,040 --> 00:45:28,940
2515
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุซุงู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:45:28,940 --> 00:45:35,280
2519
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุช ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุนู…ู„ุฉ ุฏูŠุงุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:45:35,280 --> 00:45:38,900
2523
+ ู…ูŠู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง oxidized test ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:45:38,900 --> 00:45:43,120
2527
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง non-motile ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒ
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:45:43,120 --> 00:45:46,820
2531
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฑุถู‡ non-motile ููŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูŠุฒ
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:45:46,820 --> 00:45:50,800
2535
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู† ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง resistant to
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:54,540
2539
+ penicillin grow well on Makunke ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูˆุง
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:45:54,540 --> 00:46:00,370
2543
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒู†ูƒูŠุงู„ู€ Acromobacter ุงู„ู€
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:46:00,370 --> 00:46:04,170
2547
+ pathogenic species ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Acromobacter xylose
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:46:04,170 --> 00:46:07,990
2551
+ oxidase Acromobacter xylose oxidase ูˆุงุถุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู…
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:46:07,990 --> 00:46:13,630
2555
+ xylose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู„ ุฃูƒุณุฏุฉ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุฒูŠู„ูˆุฒ Acromobacter
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:46:13,630 --> 00:46:19,870
2559
+ xylose oxidase Now known ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุทู„ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:46:19,870 --> 00:46:22,910
2563
+ Acromobacter ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Alkalogens Denitrificans
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:46:22,910 --> 00:46:27,750
2567
+ Alkalogens Denitrificansุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุด
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:46:27,750 --> 00:46:30,710
2571
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจุชู‡ูŠุฃู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ุนู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง,
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:46:30,990 --> 00:46:34,630
2575
+ meningitis, urinary tract infection ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฒูŠ
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:46:34,630 --> 00:46:36,830
2579
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa, otitis media, wound
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:46:36,830 --> 00:46:42,190
2583
+ infection ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃุนุฒู„ ุงู„ non-fermenters ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:46:42,190 --> 00:46:47,270
2587
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ู… ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ู„ุจุฑูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ู…ุง ุนุฏุง ุงู„ bordetella ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:46:47,270 --> 00:46:51,820
2591
+ ุฃุนุฒู„ู‡ู…ู…ู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉุŒ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:46:51,820 --> 00:46:58,760
2595
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ูˆู…ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฏุนู‰ ู„ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ููŠ
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:01,560
2599
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง miscellaneous non
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:47:01,560 --> 00:47:04,620
2603
+ -fermenter ุตุงุฑุช ุชู„ุงุช ุตูุงุชุŒ ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ gram
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:47:04,620 --> 00:47:08,420
2607
+ -negative ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ non-fermenter they can
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:47:08,420 --> 00:47:11,680
2611
+ cause similar diseases can cause similar therefore
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:47:11,680 --> 00:47:14,780
2615
+ they could be isolated from similar samples ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:47:14,780 --> 00:47:15,980
2619
+ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„
2620
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/nWaQMosRWpo_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2696 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,510 --> 00:00:23,810
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ host
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,810 --> 00:00:28,070
7
+ parasite interactions ู†ุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃู†ุงู‡ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:31,350
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ micro organism ู‚ู„ู†ุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,350 --> 00:00:35,490
15
+ ุงู† ุงู„ soil ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูŠู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,490 --> 00:00:40,070
19
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู†ุบูู„ ู…ุตุฏุฑูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู†
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:40,070 --> 00:00:45,290
23
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ normal
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:45,290 --> 00:00:49,690
27
+ flora ุฃูˆ normal microbiota ูˆุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:49,690 --> 00:00:52,710
31
+ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ normal microflora ุฃูˆ normal microbiota
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:52,710 --> 00:00:57,170
35
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠุดูƒู„ ุฃูŠุถุง ุทุนุงู… ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูุจุตูŠุฑ ู„ู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:57,170 --> 00:01:03,370
39
+ double risk ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู†ุง ุฎุทุฑ ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:03,370 --> 00:01:06,250
43
+ normal microbiota ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชูู‚ ู…ู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:06,250 --> 00:01:08,610
47
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ diagnostic microbiology ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุณู… ุฌุณู…
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:08,610 --> 00:01:13,180
51
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠูŠู† ุงุณุชุฑุงุน ุงู„ body sitesูŠุนู†ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:13,180 --> 00:01:17,740
55
+ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุณู… ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ micro
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:17,740 --> 00:01:22,060
59
+ organisms ูˆ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุณู… ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:22,060 --> 00:01:26,000
63
+ micro organism ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุŸ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:27,090 --> 00:01:30,430
67
+ ุฑุงุฌุนูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุฏู‰ ุฃุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† a
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:30,430 --> 00:01:33,330
71
+ good specimen should be collected in a way to
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:33,330 --> 00:01:35,950
75
+ avoid contamination with indigenous normal
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,950 --> 00:01:41,650
79
+ microbiota ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูุฃุฎุฐ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:41,650 --> 00:01:46,030
83
+ ุชุชู„ูˆุซ ุจุงู„ normal microbiota ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุฏู†ุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:46,030 --> 00:01:48,850
87
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู… ูˆุดูุชูˆุง ุงู„ูู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:48,850 --> 00:01:53,310
91
+ ุงู„ saliva ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:54,460 --> 00:01:59,060
95
+ ุจุฑ ML ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู‚ู… ู…ู‡ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู…
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,060 --> 00:02:03,160
99
+ ุจุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tonsils ูุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:03,160 --> 00:02:08,640
103
+ ุงู„ tonsils ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ุชู„ู…ุณ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ูู… ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅุฐุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:08,640 --> 00:02:11,520
107
+ it should be collected in a way to avoid
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:14,560
111
+ contamination with normal microbiota ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:17,840
115
+ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุฏุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ sterile body site ูˆ non
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:17,840 --> 00:02:22,710
119
+ sterile body site ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฅู† ู…ุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,710 --> 00:02:25,730
123
+ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ culture ุฒุฑุนุช ุฃู†ุช ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:25,730 --> 00:02:30,590
127
+ blood agar ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ูƒูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is this bacteria the
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:30,590 --> 00:02:34,030
131
+ pathogen or it is a contamination with normal
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:34,030 --> 00:02:37,570
135
+ microbiota ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฃุฌุงูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงู†ุช ุจุชุทู„ุน
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,570 --> 00:02:41,810
139
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,810 --> 00:02:44,750
143
+ disease ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุญู‚ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ู„ disease ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:44,750 --> 00:02:49,490
147
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒ normal microbiota ุฅุฐุง ู…ุนุฑูุชูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู†
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:49,490 --> 00:02:53,350
151
+ ุงู„ุฏุณู… ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ normal microbiota ุจุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:53,350 --> 00:02:56,310
155
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดู„ุงู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ to collect a specimen in a way
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:56,310 --> 00:02:59,710
159
+ to avoid contamination and to decide which
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:59,710 --> 00:03:02,790
163
+ bacteria is normal microbiota and which is a
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:02,790 --> 00:03:08,220
167
+ pathogen ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงุงุฎุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:08,220 --> 00:03:10,800
171
+ ุงู„ skin ูˆ ุงู„ respiratory tract ูˆ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:13,240
175
+ respiratory tract ู‡ูŠ outside the body ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:13,240 --> 00:03:16,740
179
+ ุงู„ุชุตุงู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:16,740 --> 00:03:20,600
183
+ ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณูŠ ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:25,480
187
+ ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ microorganism
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:32,010
191
+ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุง ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ุŸู„ุฃ ุงู„ lungs ู„ุฃู† ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:32,010 --> 00:03:37,350
195
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ continuous cleaning motion ุงูˆ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:37,350 --> 00:03:41,710
199
+ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุณุชูŠุฑุงูƒ ู„ูƒู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:41,710 --> 00:03:46,250
203
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฎูŠู„ ุนูŠู†ุฉ sputum ุนูŠู†ุงุช sputum
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:46,250 --> 00:03:49,910
207
+ ู…ุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ sputumุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ bloodุŸ ุนู† ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:49,910 --> 00:03:53,290
211
+ central nervous systemุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ lungs ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฃูŠู†
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:53,290 --> 00:03:57,810
215
+ ุจู†ุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŸ ุจู†ุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูู…ุทุจ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:57,810 --> 00:04:00,250
219
+ ููŠู†ุง ูŠุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sputum ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุชุฎู„ุต
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:00,250 --> 00:04:04,370
223
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠู„ุงุฌู‰ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจูƒุญ ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ sputum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:04,370 --> 00:04:12,970
227
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† thick mucoid fragment he will hold he or
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:12,970 --> 00:04:17,990
231
+ she will hold this mass within the lips and teeth
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:17,990 --> 00:04:23,170
235
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ูˆ ุงู„ุดูุชูŠู† ูˆ ู…ู† ุซู…
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:23,170 --> 00:04:28,850
239
+ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูุทูŠุจ ู…ุฏุงู… ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ holding
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:28,850 --> 00:04:31,490
243
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ contamination with normal
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:31,490 --> 00:04:34,610
247
+ microbiota ุฅุฐุง ู„ู…ู‘ุง ุจุฏูˆู†ุด .. ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูˆู†ุด ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:37,790
251
+ sputum it should be collected in a way to avoid
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:37,790 --> 00:04:41,150
255
+ contamination with saliva ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุทู„ ..
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:41,150 --> 00:04:44,430
259
+ ู†ุนุทู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุจุญูŠุซ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูŠู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุงู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:44,430 --> 00:04:49,410
263
+ saliva ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุชุฏู‘ุง
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:51,620 --> 00:04:54,500
267
+ ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ู†ุฌู…ุน ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:57,860
271
+ ูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ slideุŸ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุญูŠู† ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:57,860 --> 00:05:01,500
275
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงููƒุงุฑ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ we
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:01,500 --> 00:05:04,940
279
+ have to instruct the patient ุงูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:04,940 --> 00:05:07,580
283
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ ุจ normal flow ู…ุซุงู„ .. ู…ุซุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:07,580 --> 00:05:10,380
287
+ ุงุฎุฑ ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ sputum ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ sputum ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:10,380 --> 00:05:12,600
291
+ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ blood culture
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:12,600 --> 00:05:15,990
295
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ blood culture ุจู†ู…ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุนุจุฑ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:15,990 --> 00:05:18,890
299
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏุŒ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุจูŠุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ normal
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:18,890 --> 00:05:23,530
303
+ microbiota ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ุฌูˆู… ุจุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุจ .. ุจ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:23,530 --> 00:05:27,330
307
+ .. ุจ .. ุจูƒุญูˆู„ุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจ ุฃูŠูˆุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูƒุญูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:27,330 --> 00:05:32,950
311
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ normal microbiota ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงูŠุถุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:32,950 --> 00:05:36,190
315
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู† ุงู„ eye ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ external to the body
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:36,190 --> 00:05:41,550
319
+ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ eye ุฌูˆู†ุง ููŠู†ุง tears ูˆ continuous washing
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:41,550 --> 00:05:47,090
323
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณู‡ู„ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ear ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:47,090 --> 00:05:50,530
327
+ external ear ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† .. ู…ู† ุงู„ skin ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:50,530 --> 00:05:55,410
331
+ ุงู„ skin ุงู„ gastro intestinal tract ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:55,410 --> 00:05:58,850
335
+ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ external to the body ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุฃุฌุฒุงุกู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:58,850 --> 00:06:01,270
339
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ .. ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠูˆุชุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:01,270 --> 00:06:05,870
343
+ cavity ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠุงู„ุงุณูˆูุงุฌูˆุณ ู„ุง ูŠุญุชูˆูŠุŒ ุงู„ stomach ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:05,870 --> 00:06:09,290
347
+ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ acid tolerance ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:09,290 --> 00:06:12,830
351
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ helicobacter pylori ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุบุงู„ุจุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:12,830 --> 00:06:17,630
355
+ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ normal microbiota ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ูู‡ู… ุดุบู„ ุงู† this
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:17,630 --> 00:06:22,170
359
+ normal microbiota is of great value to the body
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:22,170 --> 00:06:27,570
363
+ without this microflora the body may not perform
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:27,570 --> 00:06:32,190
367
+ its defense mechanism properly ู…ุซุงู„ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:32,190 --> 00:06:36,870
371
+ ุงู† ุงุญุฏ ุงู‡ู… ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ normal microbiota ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:36,870 --> 00:06:40,330
375
+ colonization resistanceุŒ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ colonization
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:40,330 --> 00:06:44,250
379
+ resistanceุŸ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:44,250 --> 00:06:48,070
383
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑุŒ ุงูŠ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑุŸ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:48,410 --> 00:06:52,670
387
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ pathogenic microorganism ูƒูŠูุŸ ุนู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:52,670 --> 00:06:56,850
391
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ .. ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู„ุก ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุฎุชุฎูŠู†ุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:56,850 --> 00:07:01,090
395
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฑุงุณูŠ ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุบุฑูŠุจ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠู‚ุนุฏ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:01,090 --> 00:07:04,110
399
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ุนุฏ ููŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูŠุดุŒ ูุจุณุญุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:04,110 --> 00:07:07,290
403
+ ุจุทู„ุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ normal
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:07,290 --> 00:07:11,290
407
+ microbiota ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ normal
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:11,290 --> 00:07:15,830
411
+ microbiotaู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ูˆุชุŒ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:15,830 --> 00:07:20,330
415
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฅุทุงุฑุŒ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:20,330 --> 00:07:26,610
419
+ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุญุฏุงุซ disease ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุŒ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:26,610 --> 00:07:30,970
423
+ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุนุฏ .. ุจุนุฏ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:30,970 --> 00:07:32,470
427
+ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Antibiotics
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:39,180
431
+ ููŠู†ุง structure ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ intestine ุงุณู…ู‡ bio
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:39,180 --> 00:07:42,360
435
+ patches ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† aggregates ู„ู„ lymph node ูˆูƒู†ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:45,220
439
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ lymph node ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† check points ุงูŠุด
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:45,220 --> 00:07:49,920
443
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ check points ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชูุชูŠุด ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชูุชูŠุด ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:49,920 --> 00:07:54,420
447
+ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ ุฃุฑุฌุงู†ุฒูŠู… ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุณู…ูŠุช ู†ู‚ุงุท ุชูุชูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:54,420 --> 00:07:57,640
451
+ macro phage ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง phagocytes ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:57,640 --> 00:08:00,820
455
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:00,820 --> 00:08:05,980
459
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ to exitto exist intracellularly ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฒูŠ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:05,980 --> 00:08:09,260
463
+ ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ุชูŠููŠุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดุฌู„ุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุด
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:09,260 --> 00:08:13,740
467
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡compact the effect of
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:13,740 --> 00:08:16,340
471
+ phagocytosis ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆ ุณุงุนุช ุจุชุงูƒู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:16,340 --> 00:08:20,340
475
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆุง ุจุชู‡ุถู…ู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:20,340 --> 00:08:24,620
479
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:24,620 --> 00:08:27,760
483
+ ุงู† ุชู‡ุถู…ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุฌูˆุฒูˆู…
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:31,960
487
+ ูˆุญุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ M cells
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:31,960 --> 00:08:35,400
491
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู†ุนุฑู ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ micro fold
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:41,440
495
+ cells ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ุฌุฏุด ุงุฑุชู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุจู…ุนุฏุงุชู‡ ุจุฃุฏูˆุงุชู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:43,870 --> 00:08:50,730
499
+ ู„ุงุฒู…ู†ุง ู†ูุชุฎุฑ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฏ samples ูˆ ู†ูุญุตู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฌู…
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:50,730 --> 00:08:55,630
503
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:55,630 --> 00:09:00,990
507
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ุทูˆุฑุง ู…ู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุจุดุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:00,990 --> 00:09:05,280
511
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ samples ู…ู† ุงู„ intestineุชุงุฎุฏ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:05,280 --> 00:09:08,920
515
+ samples ู…ู† ุงู„ intestine ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุชุญู„ู„ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:10,680
519
+ normal ุฎู„ุงุต normal ู…ุด normal ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ immune
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:10,680 --> 00:09:13,680
523
+ system ุชุนุงู„ ููŠ new groups of microorganism ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:13,680 --> 00:09:17,960
527
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุชุนุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ M cells ุจุชุฌู‡ูˆู† ุจูˆุธูŠูุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:21,600
531
+ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ intestine ุงู† continuous sampling ุชุงุฎุฏ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:25,380
535
+ ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฏูˆุฏู†ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุฌู†ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:25,380 --> 00:09:27,360
539
+ ูˆุงู„large intestine ูˆุงู„ุณูŠูƒู… ูˆุงู„ูƒู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุงุฑูƒุชุฑุงู… ุฏูˆู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:29,280
543
+ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ู… microorganisms
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:31,690 --> 00:09:34,530
547
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ genital urinary tractุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุฑุจุทู†ุง ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:34,530 --> 00:09:37,310
551
+ genital tract ุจุงู„ urinary tractุŸ ูˆุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:37,310 --> 00:09:40,450
555
+ genital urinary tractุŒ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ anatomy ุจุฏุฑุณูˆู‡ู…
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:40,450 --> 00:09:44,810
559
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงุชุตุงู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:44,810 --> 00:09:49,700
563
+ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุน ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูŠุดุชุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:49,700 --> 00:09:54,460
567
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:54,460 --> 00:09:58,780
571
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุณู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:58,780 --> 00:10:03,160
575
+ genital tract system ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ urinary
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:07,040
579
+ tract system ูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ูููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:10,460
583
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:10,460 --> 00:10:15,880
587
+ anterior urethra ุงู„ anterior urethra ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:15,880 --> 00:10:21,280
591
+ ุงู„ system ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุงnormal microbiota ูˆ ู„ุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:21,280 --> 00:10:24,380
595
+ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ system ุงูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŸ sterile ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:24,380 --> 00:10:27,140
599
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู† ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ sterile ูˆ non sterile ูƒู†ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:27,140 --> 00:10:32,320
603
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† parts ู…ุด ุนู† systems ุนู† ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:32,320 --> 00:10:37,280
607
+ ูุงู„ urethra ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ microorganisms ุบุงู„ุจุง a
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:42,080
611
+ virulent microorganism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ู…ุฑุถุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:46,080
615
+ ุนู„ู‰ transient ูˆ ุงุธู† ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ ู‡ุฐุง transient
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:52,070
619
+ microorganismsุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ ู…ู†
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:52,070 --> 00:10:55,310
623
+ ุงู„ููŠูƒู„ ุงู„ material maybe transiently colonized by
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:55,310 --> 00:10:58,870
627
+ fecal organism ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุงู„ food
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:10:58,870 --> 00:11:04,810
631
+ microbiology ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:04,810 --> 00:11:14,550
635
+ coliform ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ูˆ total ูˆ fecal ูˆ Ecoline ุงูŠุด
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:14,550 --> 00:11:20,020
639
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู† ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ู… ุฃุณุงุณุง ู…ู†ููƒู„ ..
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:20,020 --> 00:11:24,920
643
+ ููƒู„ุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ .. ููƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:24,920 --> 00:11:30,680
647
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ู†ูˆุถุญ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ูŠู† number one
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:30,680 --> 00:11:32,980
651
+ cause of urinary tract infection ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:36,460 --> 00:11:40,000
655
+ ู‡ูŠูˆุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃุณุงุณุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุณุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูƒุงูŠุด ูƒ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:45,220
659
+ normal microbiota ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ stool ุฅู„ู‰
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:45,220 --> 00:11:49,120
663
+ ุงู„ urinary tract ุฃุตุจุญุช pathogen ูˆู‡ูŠ number one
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:53,080
667
+ cause of urinary tract infection ุทูŠุจ ุณุคุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:57,260
671
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ urinary tract ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:57,260 --> 00:12:03,120
675
+ male ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ femaleุŸ ุงู„ female ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ female ู„ูˆ ุงู„
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:03,120 --> 00:12:08,320
679
+ female ุตุญ ุฃูุณู„ ุงู†ุช ุชุนุฑูุด ู„ูŠุด ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸููŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุชู‡ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:12,580
683
+ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุงุŒ ู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุณ ูˆุงู„ูุงุฌุงูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู‚ุตุฑ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:12,580 --> 00:12:15,200
687
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุซุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุซุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ male ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู†
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:15,200 --> 00:12:19,560
691
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุซุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ female ูุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ู‡ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:19,560 --> 00:12:22,340
695
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุซุฑุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ bladder ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:22,340 --> 00:12:27,280
699
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ female ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ male
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:33,560
703
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู† ุงู„ E coli ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆู„
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:34,090 --> 00:12:38,110
707
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ู€ Urinary tract infection ุงู„ู„ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:38,110 --> 00:12:41,190
711
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ E coli ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:41,190 --> 00:12:45,970
715
+ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชุฑุชูŠุจุง ููŠ ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:45,970 --> 00:12:49,030
719
+ infection ููŠ ุงู„ UTI ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ุŒ ุญู„ุฌ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:49,030 --> 00:12:50,910
723
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุดุŒ ุญู„ุฌ ุงู„ enterococcusุŒ ุญู„ุฌ ุงู„
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:50,910 --> 00:12:57,890
727
+ enterobacterุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุฏู„ุฉ ู…ู†ุดุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ุงู„ูˆุฑู†ุงุฑูŠ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:57,890 --> 00:13:00,810
731
+ ุจู„ุงุฏุฉ ุฑุงุญ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฅู†ู‡ุง normally ุงุณุชูŠุฑุงุน
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:00,810 --> 00:13:04,230
735
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง micro organism ุงู„ูุงุฌุงูŠู†ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:04,230 --> 00:13:09,230
739
+ ุนุถูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ normal microbiota ูˆ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:09,230 --> 00:13:12,970
743
+ ุงู„ normal microbiota ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุถูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:12,970 --> 00:13:17,670
747
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ infection ุฃุตู„ุง ู„ูƒู† ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:21,590
751
+ ุงู„ููŠู…ูŠู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ููŠู…ูŠู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑู†ุงุฑูŠ tract
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:21,590 --> 00:13:26,060
755
+ infection ูˆุฑุฏ ุฅู† ุงู„ hormonal changesHormonal
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:26,060 --> 00:13:29,600
759
+ changes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ .. ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:32,260
763
+ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ normal
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:32,260 --> 00:13:36,380
767
+ microbiota ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ุฉ ุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ุฉ ุชุณู‡ู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:36,380 --> 00:13:38,760
771
+ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ colonization by pathogenic
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:38,760 --> 00:13:42,760
775
+ microorganism ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ cervix ุทุจุนุง ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:48,500
779
+ microorganism ููŠ ุงุณู…ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง Clamydia trachomatis ูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:48,500 --> 00:13:55,650
783
+ Nasiria gonorrheaู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‚ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:55,650 --> 00:14:00,910
787
+ ู†ูˆุถุญ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ lesia gonorrhea ูˆ ุงู„ clamydia are
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:00,910 --> 00:14:05,770
791
+ the most common STDs STD ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ sexually
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:05,770 --> 00:14:09,110
795
+ transmitted diseases ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชู‚ู„ุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:09,110 --> 00:14:14,970
799
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ุฎุฏูŠู†ุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ูˆุถุญ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:19,660 --> 00:14:24,900
803
+ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ุงู†ูƒ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:24,900 --> 00:14:28,100
807
+ ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง .. ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:28,100 --> 00:14:34,260
811
+ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ูˆุงุณุฃู„ู†ุง ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงุชู†ุงุด ู„ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:34,260 --> 00:14:40,880
815
+ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุด ุณู†ุฉ ูƒุงู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ู…ุน .. ู…ุน ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:40,880 --> 00:14:44,420
819
+ ู…ุน ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:44,420 --> 00:14:50,670
823
+ average ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ 20
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:50,670 --> 00:14:56,730
827
+ ุงู„ 30 ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† 20 ูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:56,730 --> 00:15:00,450
831
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† 20 ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† 20 ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ู„ูˆ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:00,450 --> 00:15:05,610
835
+ ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ู… web ุงุญู†ุง network ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุชูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:05,610 --> 00:15:09,070
839
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุงูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ุน ุญุฏุง ูู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:09,070 --> 00:15:14,270
843
+ ุงู„ุญุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ุตุงุจ ูƒู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ูˆุนุดุงู†
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:14,270 --> 00:15:18,770
847
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑููˆุงู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ .. ู‡ุฏูˆู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:18,770 --> 00:15:21,070
851
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ specifically designed .. specifically
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:21,070 --> 00:15:25,790
855
+ designed for those people ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณูˆุง ุงู„ุฑุฐูŠู„ุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:25,790 --> 00:15:30,250
859
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุด ุฎุทูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุด ุฎุทูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุด
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:30,250 --> 00:15:35,690
863
+ ุฎุทูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคู„ู… ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู„ูˆ ุนุฑุงุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:35,690 --> 00:15:40,290
867
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุฏุงุน ูุธูŠุน ุจุถุทุฑ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:40,290 --> 00:15:46,030
871
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุฏุงุน ุฎููŠูุจูŠุตุจุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:46,030 --> 00:15:49,770
875
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุฎููŠู
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:49,770 --> 00:15:53,570
879
+ ุฌุฏุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุชู‰ symptomless ู…ุงู„ูˆุด ุฃูŠ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:53,570 --> 00:15:57,910
883
+ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ complications ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฏ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:57,910 --> 00:16:03,670
887
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุฎูŠู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู‚ู… ุงู„ sterility ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:03,670 --> 00:16:06,090
891
+ ู†ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:10,010 --> 00:16:16,130
895
+ ุทูŠุจ normal sterile sites in the human body ูุถู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:16,130 --> 00:16:20,810
899
+ ุตุญูŠุญ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:20,810 --> 00:16:25,970
903
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู…ูˆู„ุฏุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:25,970 --> 00:16:29,530
907
+ ูู‡ูŠ pathogen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ normal micro biota
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:29,530 --> 00:16:32,890
911
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง .. ุฅุฐุง ุนูุฒูู„ุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ endocervix
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:32,890 --> 00:16:36,210
915
+ ูู‡ูŠ pathogen ูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ infection ููŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:36,210 --> 00:16:42,910
919
+ infectionุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุฒุงู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ normally ุงุณุชุฑุงุนู„
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:42,910 --> 00:16:45,790
923
+ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ brain ูˆ ุงู„ central nervous systemุŒ ุงู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:45,790 --> 00:16:49,630
927
+ bloodุŒ ุงู„ tissues ูˆ ุงู„ organ systemุŒ ุงู„ sinusesุŒ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:49,630 --> 00:16:52,610
931
+ ุงู„ inner and middle earุŒ lower respiratory tract
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:52,610 --> 00:16:56,690
935
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ larynx ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ bronchioles ูˆ ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:56,690 --> 00:16:59,640
939
+ lungs ูˆ ุงู„ alveoliุงู„ู€ kidneys ุงู„ู€ ureter ูˆ ุงู„ู€
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:59,640 --> 00:17:01,520
943
+ urinary bladder ูˆ ุงู„ู€ posterior urethra ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:05,220
947
+ ุงู„ู€ anterior urethra ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง microflora ู„ูƒู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:05,220 --> 00:17:10,540
951
+ ุงู„ posterior urethra ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง normal microbe ุงู„ู€
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:10,540 --> 00:17:14,060
955
+ uterus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฑุญู… ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:14,060 --> 00:17:17,120
959
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุนู‚ู…ุฉ ูˆ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ cervix ูˆ ุงู„
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:17,120 --> 00:17:21,140
963
+ endocervix ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:21,140 --> 00:17:22,440
967
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ูุถู„ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:28,830 --> 00:17:32,610
971
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ุŒ ุนู†ู‡ู… ู‡ู… ู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:32,610 --> 00:17:36,070
975
+ ู…ู† ุจุนุถุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุจุนุถุŒ ููŠ ููˆุงุตู„ุŒ ููŠ ููˆุงุตู„ุŒ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:38,790
979
+ ููˆุงุตู„ ุฃู†ุงุทูˆู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ central
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:38,790 --> 00:17:42,710
983
+ nervous system ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ุŒ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:42,710 --> 00:17:48,620
987
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ tissueุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูููŠ ุฃู† cavities ููŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:48,620 --> 00:17:53,420
991
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ ู†ู‚ู…ุง ุนู† ุงู„ external ูู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูุตูˆู„ุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:53,420 --> 00:17:57,900
995
+ ุนู† ู…ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ normal microbiota ู‚ุฏ ุชุตู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ normal
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:01,780
999
+ microbiota ุนุจุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุฑูƒุจ ู‚ุตุทุฑุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:01,780 --> 00:18:05,700
1003
+ catheter ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏุŒ ุจู†ุฑูƒุจ ู‚ุตุทุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุฏุฎู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:05,700 --> 00:18:08,120
1007
+ ู‚ุตุทุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ urinary tractุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ micro
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:08,120 --> 00:18:11,440
1011
+ part ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:16,500 --> 00:18:19,540
1015
+ ููŠ ุงู†ุฏู‡ุงู†ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุฏูˆู„ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:19,540 --> 00:18:22,500
1019
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ normal flora ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:22,500 --> 00:18:27,320
1023
+ normal microbiota ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง flora ู‡ู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุฃ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:27,320 --> 00:18:32,080
1027
+ ูˆูƒุงู† ุชุตู†ูŠู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ู†ุจุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:32,080 --> 00:18:35,000
1031
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ู‚ุทุนู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูˆุท ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู†ูˆู…ูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:38,600
1035
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ู„ุฃุณู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูƒุชุจ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,520
1039
+ 2014 ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุชุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง normal flora ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:42,520 --> 00:18:45,840
1043
+ ุดุงุนุญุงูˆู„ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูŠุบูŠุฑูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุจ normal
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:45,840 --> 00:18:49,160
1047
+ microbiota ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃู† normal flora ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ู‡ูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:53,060
1051
+ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:53,060 --> 00:19:00,700
1055
+ transient flora ุนุจุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุทูˆูŠู„ุง
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:05,860
1059
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุฒูˆู„ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง transient
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:05,860 --> 00:19:12,670
1063
+ flora ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุงุชู†ุงู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู… ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:12,670 --> 00:19:18,170
1067
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ุถุนูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:18,170 --> 00:19:22,370
1071
+ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุฉุŒ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:22,370 --> 00:19:25,890
1075
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:27,330 --> 00:19:31,650
1079
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูุฌุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:19:31,650 --> 00:19:35,990
1083
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุฃุบุถูŠุฉ ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนุชุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:40,450
1087
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฎู„ู ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ normal
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:40,450 --> 00:19:45,450
1091
+ microbiota ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ูŠุฒูˆู„ ุจุฒูˆุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:45,450 --> 00:19:49,030
1095
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุฏุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูู„ุณุทูŠู†ุŒ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:49,030 --> 00:19:53,460
1099
+ ู‡ุชุฑุฌุน normal microbiotaููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุชุตู†ูŠู ู„ู„ู†ูˆู…
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:53,460 --> 00:19:55,960
1103
+ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฑุฉ indigenous ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฌูˆุง .. ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฏุณู…
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:59,280
1107
+ ูˆexigenous ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุณู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ู…
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:59,280 --> 00:20:04,280
1111
+ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:04,280 --> 00:20:10,740
1115
+ epidemiologyู…ุตุทู„ุญุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุจู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ูˆู†ุณุชูˆุนุจู‡ ูˆู†ุญุงูˆู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:10,740 --> 00:20:16,340
1119
+ ู‚ุฏุฑ ู…ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูู‡ู… ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:16,340 --> 00:20:22,920
1123
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆู…ุง .. ูˆู…ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ููŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:27,420
1127
+ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ micro biology ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ study of
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:27,420 --> 00:20:30,040
1131
+ factors influencing the occurrence occurrence ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:20:30,040 --> 00:20:35,460
1135
+ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุญุฏูˆุซtransmission ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ distribution
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:20:35,460 --> 00:20:41,760
1139
+ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน prevention ู…ู†ุน control and control of a
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:20:41,760 --> 00:20:45,200
1143
+ disease ุดูˆููˆุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:49,940
1147
+ ุนู„ูŠุง ุงู„ epidemiology ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุจุนุฏ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:49,940 --> 00:20:56,080
1151
+ ุจุนุฏ ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ ุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูƒูŠู ุญุฏุซุŸ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:58,640 --> 00:21:04,040
1155
+ ู…ุชู‰ุŸ ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ูƒูŠูุŸ ู…ุชู‰ุŸ ุฃูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:10,520
1159
+ ูƒูŠู ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑุŸ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุตุŸ ูƒูŠู
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:15,360
1163
+ ุงู„ุณุจูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุŸ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุนุฏู… ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:15,360 --> 00:21:20,680
1167
+ ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:23,460 --> 00:21:27,160
1171
+ influencing ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ influencingุŸ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:31,100
1175
+ transmission distribution ุงู†ุง ุงุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:31,100 --> 00:21:35,280
1179
+ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ study ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:35,280 --> 00:21:40,380
1183
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฌูˆู† ุฎุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุณ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงูƒุซุฑ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูุนู„ุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:40,380 --> 00:21:44,080
1187
+ ู†ููƒุฑ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฎุงู†ูŠูˆู†ุณ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุชุŸ ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฑูุญุŸ ุงูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:47,940
1191
+ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุบุฒุฉุŸ ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุจุณุทุฉุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุจุฏู†ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:21:47,940 --> 00:21:52,520
1195
+ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุฌุฏู„ู‡ ุชูุณูŠุฑู…ุด ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:56,880
1199
+ ู†ุชู†ุงู‚ุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ู†ุตู„ ู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:21:56,880 --> 00:22:01,220
1203
+ ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงุนุทูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‚ูˆู„
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:01,220 --> 00:22:06,360
1207
+ ุชุจุฑูŠุฑ ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุฎู†ูŠูˆู†ุณ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู†ุธุฑุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:06,360 --> 00:22:11,920
1211
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุดุจูƒุฉ ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ ุฎู†ูŠูˆู†ุณ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:11,920 --> 00:22:15,180
1215
+ ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุถูˆูŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:16,230 --> 00:22:20,150
1219
+ ุชูุณูŠุฑุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุชูุณูŠุฑุงุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุฉ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:20,150 --> 00:22:25,550
1223
+ ูู‚ุทุŸ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูƒูŠู
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:25,550 --> 00:22:28,770
1227
+ ู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ุซุจุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:22:28,770 --> 00:22:33,190
1231
+ Epidemiology ุนู„ู… ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ุจุญุฏุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:33,190 --> 00:22:38,470
1235
+ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ูˆุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:22:38,470 --> 00:22:40,470
1239
+ disease ููŠู†ูŠ ุชู„ุช ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู‡ู†ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:22:49,790 --> 00:22:52,250
1243
+ epidemic, endemic and pandemic
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:22:56,530 --> 00:23:00,330
1247
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุชุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู…ูŠุŸ ุงู† ุงู„ disease has
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:00,330 --> 00:23:04,350
1251
+ occurred in two or more continents ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:04,350 --> 00:23:08,150
1255
+ ู‚ุงุฑุชูŠู†ุŒ ู‚ุงุฑุชูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:08,150 --> 00:23:10,510
1259
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ swine .. ุงู„ swine
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:23:10,510 --> 00:23:14,830
1263
+ influenza ุงูˆ ุงู„ swine fluุŒ ุงู„ influenza ุงู„ุฎู†ุงุฒูŠุฑุŒ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:23:14,830 --> 00:23:18,870
1267
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุขู† pandemic ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ endemicุŒ endemic
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:23:18,870 --> 00:23:22,310
1271
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุณุชูˆุทู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:23:22,310 --> 00:23:28,550
1275
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆุทู†ุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชู‚ุทุน
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:23:28,550 --> 00:23:34,950
1279
+ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ epidemic ุจุฏุง ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ ู„ุฃู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:23:34,950 --> 00:23:38,110
1283
+ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุจูู‡ู…ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุงู†ุง ุงูƒุดูุช ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:23:38,110 --> 00:23:42,750
1287
+ ุทู„ุงุจู†ุง ุจูŠู†ุธุฑูˆุง ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ epidemic ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู…ูุงุฌุฆ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:23:42,750 --> 00:23:46,950
1291
+ ูˆุณุฑูŠุน ู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:23:46,950 --> 00:23:50,310
1295
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุงุฌุฆ ูˆุณุฑูŠุน ูŠุณู…ู‰ outbreak
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:23:53,960 --> 00:23:58,200
1299
+ ู„ูŠุณ Epidemic ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ EpidemicุŸ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:01,500
1303
+ ุงู„ุฅุณุจูˆุน ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุดู‡ุฑ ูุจุฑุงูŠุฑ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:24:01,500 --> 00:24:05,860
1307
+ ุงู„ููŠู† ูˆุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุŒ ุตุญุŸ ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฅู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:24:05,860 --> 00:24:13,420
1311
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุนู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ influenza ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ุฃูˆ ููŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:24:13,420 --> 00:24:16,320
1315
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุณุจูˆุนุŒ ูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงู ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ุชู„ุงู ุญุงู„ุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:24:17,780 --> 00:24:23,920
1319
+ ุฑุฌุนู†ุง .. ุฑุฌุนู†ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… 2013 ููŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:28,540
1323
+ ุขุฎุฑ ุดู‡ุฑ February ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุญุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:24:28,540 --> 00:24:32,420
1327
+ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ูƒุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ุงุดุŸ ุฎู…ุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงูˆู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:24:32,420 --> 00:24:36,340
1331
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู†ุง ูƒุงู† ุฎู…ุณุชู„ุงู ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุชู„ุงู ุญุงู„ุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:36,340 --> 00:24:42,300
1335
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ุงู†ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู† ููŠู† ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:42,300 --> 00:24:47,020
1339
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:47,020 --> 00:24:50,120
1343
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† epidemic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ increase ููŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:53,460
1347
+ number of cases ุนู† ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:24:53,460 --> 00:24:59,720
1351
+ ู‡ุฐุง epidemic ุงู‡ ุงู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุท ุทุจ ู„ูˆ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:24:59,720 --> 00:25:02,580
1355
+ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† zero ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:02,580 --> 00:25:05,520
1359
+ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ epidemic
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:25:08,790 --> 00:25:17,450
1363
+ number ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู† 2013 ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู†
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:25:17,450 --> 00:25:25,270
1367
+ ุงู†ู†ุง zero cases ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ 2014 ู…ูŠุช case ู…ูŠุช case ุนู„ู‰
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:25:25,270 --> 00:25:28,270
1371
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ูˆ ู†ุต ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆ ู…ูุงุฌุฆ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:25:28,270 --> 00:25:30,750
1375
+ ูˆ ู…ูˆุฒุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ููŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:25:30,750 --> 00:25:35,070
1379
+ increase ุงู„ number ูุงู†ุง ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจุณ outbreak ุงุนุทูŠูƒ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:25:35,070 --> 00:25:39,870
1383
+ ู…ุซู„ outbreakุฃุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง out of .. ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:25:39,870 --> 00:25:44,190
1387
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆุจุงุก ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ out break ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:44,190 --> 00:25:50,190
1391
+ ู…ูุงุฌุฆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ูู…ุซู„ุง ุงุชู†ุงูˆู„ู†ุง ุบุฐุงุก ููŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:50,190 --> 00:25:53,550
1395
+ ูƒุงูุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู†ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:25:53,550 --> 00:25:56,990
1399
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… infection ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ out break ุทุจุนุง cholera
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:25:56,990 --> 00:26:02,350
1403
+ outbreak ูุฌุฃุฉ ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุต ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… cholera
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:02,350 --> 00:26:04,470
1407
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ out break
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:13,050 --> 00:26:17,410
1411
+ acquiring infectious agents ุจู†ูู‡ู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:17,410 --> 00:26:24,550
1415
+ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฏุงุฎู„ Portals of EntryุŒ Roots of Entry ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:24,550 --> 00:26:28,050
1419
+ ุฅุญู†ุง inhalation ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ respiratory tract
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:28,050 --> 00:26:32,210
1423
+ gastrointestinal tract ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง fecal oral ุนุดุงู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:32,210 --> 00:26:35,850
1427
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ fecal oralุŒ feco oralุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒ ุฅู„ู‰
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:26:35,850 --> 00:26:39,450
1431
+ ุงู„ูู…ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง direct
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:26:39,450 --> 00:26:45,250
1435
+ penetrationdirect penetration ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ ..ู„ุฃ ุนู†
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:45,250 --> 00:26:47,670
1439
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ sexually transmitted
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:26:47,670 --> 00:26:50,290
1443
+ disease ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ sexually transmitted disease ุฒูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:26:50,290 --> 00:26:55,790
1447
+ ุชุฑูŠุจูˆู†ูŠู…ุง ุจุงู„ูŠุฏูŠูˆู… ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ ู„ุงู„ุฌู„ career
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:26:55,790 --> 00:26:59,790
1451
+ estate ุดู‡ุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุจุฃุณ ู†ุฐูƒุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:27:00,500 --> 00:27:04,560
1455
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mark ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชุงูŠููˆูŠุฏ ู…ุงุฑูŠ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:27:04,560 --> 00:27:09,360
1459
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ .. ู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ career
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:14,760
1463
+ of state ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ attachment ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ููŠ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:18,680
1467
+ ุงู„ host ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ multiplication ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:22,580
1471
+ colonization ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ infection ุจุณ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:22,580 --> 00:27:25,600
1475
+ ูŠุตู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญุฉ ุงุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ disease ุบุงู„ุจุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:28,780
1479
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญุฉ ุงุชุฒุงู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ immune system
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:28,780 --> 00:27:32,170
1483
+ ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ microorganismู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุบู„ุจ ูˆ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:27:32,170 --> 00:27:35,330
1487
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุบู„ุจ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ milk on
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:27:35,330 --> 00:27:39,090
1491
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .. ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุฒุนุฌูˆู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:27:39,090 --> 00:27:44,910
1495
+ microbiology ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฏูˆู†
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:27:44,910 --> 00:27:48,930
1499
+ ุฃู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ู…ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ disease
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:27:48,930 --> 00:27:54,830
1503
+ Nozocomial infection ุบูŠุฑูˆู‡ุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:27:54,830 --> 00:27:57,830
1507
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง health care
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:57,830 --> 00:27:59,570
1511
+ associated infection
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:28:01,780 --> 00:28:04,560
1515
+ health care associated infection ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:28:04,560 --> 00:28:09,180
1519
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:28:09,180 --> 00:28:13,040
1523
+ ู„ู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ุฏู… ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:17,000
1527
+ ุตุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸุฃูŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฒุฉ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูŠู†
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:20,780
1531
+ ุงู„ุญุถุงู†ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุฑูˆุถุงุชุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ..
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:20,780 --> 00:28:23,720
1535
+ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุทุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ู„ู„ู…ุฏู…ู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุชู…ูˆุงู…
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:28,700
1539
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏู…ู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ูููŠู‡ู†ุง ุฌู‡ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:28,700 --> 00:28:33,200
1543
+ ู„ูƒู† ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ู†ุตูŠุญ ุฃู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุชุดูู‰
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:37,100
1547
+ ูุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ health care associated infection
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:28:37,100 --> 00:28:42,080
1551
+ ุทุจ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฎุตุตู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ infection
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:47,470
1555
+ ู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŸู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… infectionุŸ ุงู„ community
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:28:47,470 --> 00:28:50,730
1559
+ .. ุงู„ community ูˆ ุงู„ hospital ุฃูˆ ุงู„ health care
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:28:50,730 --> 00:29:03,150
1563
+ ุจู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… infection ู„ูŠุด ู…ูŠุฒู†ู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŸ ุทูŠุจ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:29:03,150 --> 00:29:06,410
1567
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ community .. ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ community ุฃู†ุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:29:06,410 --> 00:29:10,730
1571
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‚ู„ ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฃู†ุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู‚ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:29:17,180 --> 00:29:22,780
1575
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุจุจ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุงู†ูƒ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุนู† ูุฆุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุงู†ู‡ู… ุฐูˆูŠ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:29:22,780 --> 00:29:29,960
1579
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุถุนูŠูุฉ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุจุจ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:33,220
1583
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุชู‡ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุธุงู„ู… ู„ู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:29:33,220 --> 00:29:37,340
1587
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ุญูƒู… ู…ุณุจู‚ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู†
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:37,340 --> 00:29:42,200
1591
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒุชุณุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุชุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูุงู†ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:46,200
1595
+ ุฐูƒุฑุช ุณุจุงุจูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ target ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‡ุฏูุฉ ููŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:50,180
1599
+ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ู‡ู… ุงู†ุงุณ ุงุตู„ุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:29:50,180 --> 00:29:54,220
1603
+ ุฏูˆูŠ ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:29:54,220 --> 00:29:59,880
1607
+ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุบุงู„ุจุง antimicrobial
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:29:59,880 --> 00:30:08,400
1611
+ resistance ุงูˆ resistant ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:13,990
1615
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุทูŠุจ opportunistic infection
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:30:19,800 --> 00:30:24,380
1619
+ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎูˆู†ุง ุงุฐุง ุฐูƒุฑ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:30:24,380 --> 00:30:27,360
1623
+ ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ู‡ู… ู…ู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:30:27,360 --> 00:30:31,360
1627
+ ูุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ ุงูˆ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ุงุญู†ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:30:31,360 --> 00:30:36,780
1631
+ immunocompromised patients ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:30:36,780 --> 00:30:40,000
1635
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุตู„ุง normally non pathogenic ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ normal
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:43,080
1639
+ individuals ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ immunocompetent patients ุชู…ุงู…
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:45,700
1643
+ ู…ุงุจุชุฌุฑุด ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ู… infection ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุฌุฑู‰
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:45,700 --> 00:30:48,740
1647
+ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ู… infection ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุง opportunistic
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:48,740 --> 00:30:49,340
1651
+ infection
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:53,720 --> 00:30:57,360
1655
+ ุทุจ ุงุญู†ุง ุฌูˆู†ุง acquiring the disease ุนุจุฑ portal of
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:57,360 --> 00:31:02,140
1659
+ entry ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ portal of exits ู…ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:31:02,140 --> 00:31:06,160
1663
+ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ู…ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ูุŸ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฎู„ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:31:06,160 --> 00:31:12,200
1667
+ portal of entry areExit ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุฃุตุจู†ุง ุจ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:31:12,200 --> 00:31:15,700
1671
+ respiratory tract ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฌู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฏูุซูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:31:15,700 --> 00:31:20,360
1675
+ ูƒุญูŠู†ุฉ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูƒุชุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:31:20,360 --> 00:31:24,540
1679
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ route ูˆ ู†ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ route ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ููƒุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:31:24,540 --> 00:31:28,160
1683
+ oral ุงูƒุชุณุจู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ microbe ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:35,960
1687
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ููƒุงู„ oralูˆุฑุฌุนู†ุง ู„ู„ููƒู„ ู„ู„ water ู„ู„ oral ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:31:35,960 --> 00:31:40,320
1691
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ portals of entry ู‡ู… ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุด
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:47,220
1695
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ู… ู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ vector ู…ุงููŠู‡
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:31:47,220 --> 00:31:52,330
1699
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ format ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุงู‚ู„ู†ุนู… ุงู„ vector ู‡ู†ุง living
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:31:52,330 --> 00:31:56,150
1703
+ carrier especially the animal that transfer an
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:31:56,150 --> 00:31:59,770
1707
+ infectious agent from one host to another commonly
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:31:59,770 --> 00:32:03,370
1711
+ an arthropod. arthropod ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:32:03,370 --> 00:32:07,610
1715
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุดุฑุงุช ุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ vomit ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:32:07,610 --> 00:32:11,570
1719
+ inanimate objects ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุญูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:32:11,570 --> 00:32:16,030
1723
+ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูˆู…ุณุญ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุฏูŠู‡
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:32:16,030 --> 00:32:20,230
1727
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃูˆ ู†ุดู ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:32:20,230 --> 00:32:23,350
1731
+ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ูˆุงู„ุดุฑุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง forms
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:32:23,350 --> 00:32:27,790
1735
+ ู„ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:32:27,790 --> 00:32:34,670
1739
+ ู„ุง ู…ุด ู…ุด patient ู…ุด patient related ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:32:34,670 --> 00:32:38,830
1743
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:32:46,050 --> 00:32:50,070
1747
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:32:50,070 --> 00:32:55,050
1751
+ ู„ู„ infection ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ attachment ุฃูˆ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:32:55,050 --> 00:32:58,710
1755
+ adherence ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ attachment ูˆ ุงู„ adherence ูŠุง
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:32:58,710 --> 00:33:04,260
1759
+ ุดุจุงุจ you cannot make an infectionClosed as a chain
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:33:04,260 --> 00:33:06,260
1763
+ of bacterial cells and host cells generally
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:33:06,260 --> 00:33:09,780
1767
+ characterized by receptors and target sites ุนุดุงู†
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:33:09,780 --> 00:33:15,820
1771
+ ู†ุณู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู‚ ู…ุด ุจู†ุฌูŠุจู„ู‡ ุงุฒุงูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:33:15,820 --> 00:33:21,320
1775
+ ุจู†ู„ุฒุฌ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูููŠ ุงู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุจุฑ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:33:21,320 --> 00:33:26,820
1779
+ specialized organs ุฒูŠ ุงู„ PLI ุงูˆ ุนุจุฑ receptors ุนู„ู‰
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:33:26,820 --> 00:33:31,280
1783
+ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ host cell specific
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:37,850
1787
+ receptorู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู€ attachment ุฌู†ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŸ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:33:37,850 --> 00:33:41,370
1791
+ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:33:41,370 --> 00:33:45,130
1795
+ ุจุชุชุบุฐู‰ุŸ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชุบุฐู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:33:45,130 --> 00:33:50,650
1799
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชุชุบุฐู‰ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู„ุชุตู‚ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:33:50,650 --> 00:33:56,190
1803
+ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุบุฐู‰ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง to
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:33:56,190 --> 00:34:00,550
1807
+ initiatemultiplication ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:34:00,550 --> 00:34:04,270
1811
+ attachment ุงูˆ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุญุท ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงูˆ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:34:04,270 --> 00:34:07,950
1815
+ solution water environment water environment ุงูˆ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:34:07,950 --> 00:34:10,870
1819
+ liquid environment ุชู…ุงู… ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:34:10,870 --> 00:34:14,330
1823
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู† ุงู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ solid surface
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:34:14,330 --> 00:34:16,470
1827
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠ attachment
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:34:18,950 --> 00:34:21,650
1831
+ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ surface receptors ูˆ target sites
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:34:21,650 --> 00:34:24,990
1835
+ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงู„ adhesins ูˆุงู„ุงุฏู‡ุณูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูƒู…ุง
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:34:24,990 --> 00:34:28,990
1839
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชูˆุง ู„ูƒู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู„ุงุฏู‡ุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:34:28,990 --> 00:34:33,810
1843
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจ specific receptors ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:34:33,810 --> 00:34:39,270
1847
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ whole cell ุงู„ููŠู…ุจุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:34:39,270 --> 00:34:42,810
1851
+ ุงู„ attachment pili ุงุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ููŠู…ุจุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:34:42,810 --> 00:34:46,500
1855
+ attachment piliู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ gram-negative ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:34:46,500 --> 00:34:50,340
1859
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ attachment ply ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูู…ุจุฑูŠุง
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:34:50,340 --> 00:34:57,840
1863
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ply ูˆ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:34:57,840 --> 00:35:02,340
1867
+ ุงู„ูู…ุจุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู„ุชุตู‚
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:35:02,340 --> 00:35:07,080
1871
+ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู†
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:11,820
1875
+ ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ู…ุน
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:35:11,820 --> 00:35:15,480
1879
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:35:15,480 --> 00:35:19,600
1883
+ attachmentุŒ attachment cell by cell ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:35:19,600 --> 00:35:24,000
1887
+ ูˆattachment ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ surface ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:28,880
1891
+ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ู‡ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ significance
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:35:28,880 --> 00:35:34,260
1895
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ attachment ุจูŠู†
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:35:34,260 --> 00:35:39,260
1899
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ surfaces ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู†ุทุงู‚ ุงู„ุฏุณู… ุชุฑูˆุญ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:35:39,260 --> 00:35:44,850
1903
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตู†ุน ู…ุตู†ุน ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ุดูŠุฑ ุจูŠุฌุตูˆุง
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:35:44,850 --> 00:35:49,290
1907
+ ุงู„ู„ุญู… ููŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดุงุฑ ูƒู‡ุฑุจ ุฌุตูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ุญู…
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:35:49,290 --> 00:35:53,890
1911
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ู†ุธูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุดุงุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุดุจุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดุงุฑ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:35:53,890 --> 00:36:02,890
1915
+ ูŠุตุนุจ .. ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตู„ุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ูุจูŠุถู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูˆุงู‚ูŠ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:36:02,890 --> 00:36:08,490
1919
+ ู„ุญู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:36:08,490 --> 00:36:09,130
1923
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:36:09,130 --> 00:36:10,170
1927
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:36:10,170 --> 00:36:11,050
1931
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:36:11,050 --> 00:36:11,290
1935
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:36:11,290 --> 00:36:11,310
1939
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:36:11,310 --> 00:36:11,330
1943
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:36:11,330 --> 00:36:15,870
1947
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุทุนุงู… ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:36:15,870 --> 00:36:20,550
1951
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ micro organism ุงู„ุขู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตู„ูˆู„ู‡ ุจูŠุถุฎูˆุง
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:36:20,550 --> 00:36:23,670
1955
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุถุฎูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุฎุงุฑุŒ ุจูŠุถุฎูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณุฎู†ุฉุŒ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:36:23,670 --> 00:36:28,330
1959
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒูˆู†ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู†
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:36:28,330 --> 00:36:38,330
1963
+ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ุŒ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง biofilmsุŒ bio ู‡ู†ุง
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:36:38,330 --> 00:36:44,180
1967
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุตุจุญ ูƒุงุฆู† ุขุฎุฑูƒุงุฆู† ุงุฎุฑ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงุฆู† ุงุฎุฑุŸ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:36:44,180 --> 00:36:47,660
1971
+ ุงุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุญุงุทูŠู†
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:36:47,660 --> 00:36:52,760
1975
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง chlorine ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 1% ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ chlorine
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:36:52,760 --> 00:36:57,700
1979
+ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 1% ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช biofilm ู„ูˆ 5% ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุงูŠู‚ุชู„ู‡ุงุด
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:36:57,700 --> 00:37:02,320
1983
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ behavior ุชุจุน ุงู„ bacterial cells ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:07,360
1987
+ single cells ุงุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ biofilm ูŠุทู„ู‚
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:13,420
1991
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกbehavior multicellular organism ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:37:13,420 --> 00:37:18,440
1995
+ ูƒุงุฆู† ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:37:18,440 --> 00:37:25,000
1999
+ ูุจุตุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:37:25,000 --> 00:37:29,080
2003
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุนุงุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุชู… ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู†ู‡
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:33,520
2007
+ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† biofilm ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู ู‚ุณุชุฑุฉ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:37:34,650 --> 00:37:38,730
2011
+ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง catheter ุงูˆ urinary catheter ุทุจุนุง ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:37:38,730 --> 00:37:42,230
2015
+ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ catheter ูˆ ุจุชู„ู…ุณูˆู‡ ุจุฃุตุงุจุนูƒูˆุง ู‡ุชุญุณ ุงู†ู‡
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:37:42,230 --> 00:37:47,310
2019
+ ู…ู„ู…ุณ ู‡ู†ุนู… ุฌุฏุง ู…ู„ู…ุณ ู‡ู†ุนู… ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:37:47,310 --> 00:37:51,330
2023
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑ ุงุญุณุงุณู‡ ุจุฌู„ ุดุจุงุจ
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:37:51,330 --> 00:37:54,930
2027
+ ุงุญุณุงุณู‡ ุจุฌู„ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู†ู†ุง
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:37:54,930 --> 00:38:00,750
2031
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงูŠู‡ ุฃู…ู„ุณ ุตุญุŸู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุธุฑุฉ
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:38:00,750 --> 00:38:04,410
2035
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจูŠุฉุŒ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุŒ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฌุจุงู„ ูˆูˆุฏูŠุงู†
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:38:04,410 --> 00:38:07,550
2039
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุฎุทูˆุท
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:38:07,550 --> 00:38:13,330
2043
+ ุฃุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฎุทูˆุทุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:38:13,330 --> 00:38:17,710
2047
+ ุฃุฏุงุก ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชูƒุจูŠุฑุง ู„ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุฌุจุงู„
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:38:17,710 --> 00:38:21,530
2051
+ ูˆูˆุฏูŠุงู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุบุฑู†ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:38:21,530 --> 00:38:26,510
2055
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุฅู†
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:38:26,510 --> 00:38:32,150
2059
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู‚ุฏ ุชุฌุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ู„ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:38:32,150 --> 00:38:37,910
2063
+ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ู…ู„ุณุงู‚ ู‚ุฏ ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ุฃุณุทุญ ุฎุดู†ุฉ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ ูุฅุฐุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:38:37,910 --> 00:38:42,210
2067
+ ูƒูˆู†ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ biofilm ู‡ู†ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:38:42,210 --> 00:38:46,970
2071
+ ุตุนุจุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุจุทู„ single cell ูˆุฅุฐุง
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:38:46,970 --> 00:38:51,850
2075
+ ุจุทู„ single cell ูŠุตุนุจ ู‚ุชู„ู‡ุŒ ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:38:51,850 --> 00:38:54,150
2079
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุฌูŠุจู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:38:55,190 --> 00:38:58,710
2083
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง biofilm ุฌุฏุงุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:38:58,710 --> 00:39:04,330
2087
+ ููŠู‡ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงุฎุฑ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:39:04,330 --> 00:39:08,150
2091
+ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู†
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:39:08,150 --> 00:39:10,750
2095
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุณู„ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ู…ุด ููŠู‡ุง ุญู†ุงููŠุงุช ููŠ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:39:10,750 --> 00:39:17,370
2099
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:39:17,370 --> 00:39:21,690
2103
+ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุตุฏุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญุท ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:39:22,480 --> 00:39:26,380
2107
+ ูุฌูˆู†ุง ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู„ู„ุทู„ุจุงุก ุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญูˆุตุงุช
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:39:26,380 --> 00:39:31,020
2111
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู„ุฌู†ุง ุงู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ููˆุฌูู†ุง
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:39:31,020 --> 00:39:36,340
2115
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูˆ ุฌูˆู†ุง ุงู„ุดุคู„ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู†ู‡
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:39:36,340 --> 00:39:40,460
2119
+ ูŠุงุฑูŠุช ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ูŠุฌูˆู† ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ู„ุฅุณ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:39:40,460 --> 00:39:43,480
2123
+ ุงู„ุดุจูƒุฉ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุจุชุชู… ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู„ุงุช ุงุฑุจุน
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:39:43,480 --> 00:39:47,650
2127
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ู…ุดูƒูˆุฑูŠู†ูุฌูŠุช ู„ู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:39:47,650 --> 00:39:49,650
2131
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ุฎุฏูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:39:49,650 --> 00:39:54,470
2135
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู ู„ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุฃุซุงุฑูˆุง
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:39:54,470 --> 00:39:59,070
2139
+ ุงู„ biofilms ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุทุนูˆุง ุงู„ biofilm ุจุฌุช ุฑุงูƒุฏุฉ ูˆูƒู„
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:39:59,070 --> 00:40:02,530
2143
+ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:40:02,530 --> 00:40:06,230
2147
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:40:06,230 --> 00:40:11,180
2151
+ biofilm ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู„ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ biofilmูุทู„ุจู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุฑุถู‡
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:40:11,180 --> 00:40:14,420
2155
+ ูŠุนูŠุฏูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุฅุถุงูุฉ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:40:14,420 --> 00:40:17,140
2159
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ chlorine ุญุชู‰ ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:40:17,140 --> 00:40:21,060
2163
+ microorganism ูŠุจุฌู‰ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฑุงูƒุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:40:21,060 --> 00:40:24,840
2167
+ ุจุฑุงู…ูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฒู„ ู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:40:24,840 --> 00:40:28,340
2171
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:40:28,340 --> 00:40:30,480
2175
+ ูุชุญุชูˆู‡ุง ู‡ุชู„ุงุฌูˆุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:40:30,480 --> 00:40:33,540
2179
+ microorganism ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ bio ูุถู„
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:40:38,680 --> 00:40:45,660
2183
+ ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู„ ู‚ุชู„ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฌุฑุนุฉ
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:40:45,660 --> 00:40:50,280
2187
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู†
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:40:50,280 --> 00:40:54,020
2191
+ biofilm ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:40:54,020 --> 00:41:00,140
2195
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู…ู†
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:41:00,140 --> 00:41:03,660
2199
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ UV ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:41:03,660 --> 00:41:07,180
2203
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ู‚ุชู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ biofilm
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:41:09,570 --> 00:41:13,410
2207
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ ุจุงู„ุนูŠ ูˆุงู„ูู…ุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠู† ู‡ู…ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:41:13,410 --> 00:41:18,910
2211
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ูƒู† ู…ูŠุฒูˆู‡ู… ุญุฏูŠุซุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู„ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ attachment
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:41:18,910 --> 00:41:21,890
2215
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู„ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ conjugation ุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ six ุจุงู„ุนูŠ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:41:21,890 --> 00:41:25,850
2219
+ invasive
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:41:25,850 --> 00:41:30,630
2223
+ factors ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ invasion ุจุงู„ุงุณุงุณ invasion ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:41:30,630 --> 00:41:36,850
2227
+ ุบุฒูˆูˆุงู„ุบุฒูˆ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:41:36,850 --> 00:41:45,990
2231
+ ู‚ุทุน ู…ุณุงูุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุทุน ู…ุณุงูุฉ ูู†ูุชุฑุถ ู…ุด
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:41:45,990 --> 00:41:51,570
2235
+ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ intestine ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:41:51,570 --> 00:41:56,940
2239
+ ู‡ุงู† ุนู…ู„ attachment ูˆ colonizationุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:41:56,940 --> 00:42:00,880
2243
+ localized ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุนุงู…ู„ invasionุŒ ู…ุง
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:42:00,880 --> 00:42:04,620
2247
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุนุงู…ู„ invasionุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:42:04,620 --> 00:42:10,100
2251
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ invasionุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:42:10,100 --> 00:42:13,520
2255
+ invasion ุจูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุฌู†ุงูŠ ู‚ุทุน ู…ุณุงูุฉุŒ ุทุจ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:20,610
2259
+ ู…ุนุงูŠุงุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉmicrobe ู‚ุทุน
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:42:20,610 --> 00:42:25,450
2263
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉุŒ ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠุŸ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ูƒูŠู
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:42:25,450 --> 00:42:32,030
2267
+ ุจูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠุฏู…ุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:42:32,030 --> 00:42:38,290
2271
+ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:42:38,290 --> 00:42:40,890
2275
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ููŠ ุฌุจุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ููŠ
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:42:40,890 --> 00:42:44,730
2279
+ ุฌู†ูŠู†ูƒุงู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ุจูŠุช ู„ุจูŠุช ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุด
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:42:44,730 --> 00:42:47,210
2283
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ู†
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:42:47,210 --> 00:42:51,730
2287
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:42:51,730 --> 00:42:56,290
2291
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:42:56,290 --> 00:42:58,990
2295
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:42:58,990 --> 00:43:03,870
2299
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:43:03,870 --> 00:43:06,670
2303
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง invasive factors ุถู…ู† ุงู„ virulence factors
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:43:06,670 --> 00:43:09,950
2307
+ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ..ู…ุนู„ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง not
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:43:09,950 --> 00:43:10,870
2311
+ degradative enzymes
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:43:13,400 --> 00:43:18,280
2315
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุญู„ู„ุฉ ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:43:18,280 --> 00:43:24,900
2319
+ hyaluronidase ูˆ collagenase ุงู„ collagen ูˆ ุงู„
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:43:24,900 --> 00:43:27,840
2323
+ hyaluronic acid ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:43:27,840 --> 00:43:31,800
2327
+ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:35,960
2331
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู…ุณูƒูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจ hyaluronic acid ูˆ collagen
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:41,080
2335
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฌุงุฌุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠู† collagenase ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:44,990
2339
+ ุงู„ collagenูˆ Hyaluronidase ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ hyaluronic
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:43:44,990 --> 00:43:49,710
2343
+ acid ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู„ุงู†ุŸ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชููƒูƒ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:43:49,710 --> 00:43:55,090
2347
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุดุบู„ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุชููƒูƒ ุฎู„ูŠุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:43:55,090 --> 00:43:59,710
2351
+ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ blood supply ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:43:59,710 --> 00:44:03,410
2355
+ blood supply ุบูŠุฑ ุงู† ุตุงุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:44:03,410 --> 00:44:08,030
2359
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูˆุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู…ูˆุช ู…ูˆุช
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:44:08,030 --> 00:44:12,400
2363
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุบุฏุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ู„ micro organism
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:44:12,400 --> 00:44:17,000
2367
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ invasion ุบุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู‰
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:20,960
2371
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุฐูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฎุฐูŠุฉ ูˆ
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:44:20,960 --> 00:44:21,740
2375
+ ุชูƒุงุซุฑ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:44:24,700 --> 00:44:27,860
2379
+ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:44:27,860 --> 00:44:32,800
2383
+ ุชุนู…ู„ invasion ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุดูŠู‚ู„ุฉ
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:44:32,800 --> 00:44:36,480
2387
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ุง highly virulent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชุนู…ู„
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:44:36,480 --> 00:44:40,680
2391
+ localized infection localized ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท in the
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:44:40,680 --> 00:44:45,350
2395
+ intestineุงู„ู€ Corne Bacterium Diphtheria ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู…
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:44:45,350 --> 00:44:48,830
2399
+ ู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Localized Infection ููŠ ุงู„ู€
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:44:48,830 --> 00:44:53,170
2403
+ throat ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงุนูŠ ููŠู‡ Systemic ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:44:53,170 --> 00:44:56,210
2407
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ intestine ูˆ ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ .. ุจุชุนู…ู„ Penetration
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:44:56,210 --> 00:44:58,550
2411
+ ููŠ ุงู„ intestinal wall ูˆ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lymph node ูˆ
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:44:58,550 --> 00:45:02,190
2415
+ ุจุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ lymph node ูˆ ุจุชุตู„ ู„ blood ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ blood
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:45:02,190 --> 00:45:05,310
2419
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุนู…ู„ Circulation ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ูˆ ุจุชุฎุชุจุฆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:45:05,310 --> 00:45:09,210
2423
+ blooder ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ blooder ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุชุจุฆ ููŠ organs
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:45:09,210 --> 00:45:11,650
2427
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ูŠุด
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:45:11,650 --> 00:45:20,700
2431
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุŸุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู‚ูŠุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‰
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:45:20,700 --> 00:45:25,100
2435
+ ู‡ู‰ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุตู…ูˆุน ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู†
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:45:25,100 --> 00:45:29,540
2439
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุณู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนุงู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุงู‡ุฐู‡
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:45:29,540 --> 00:45:32,060
2443
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุฑุชู‡ุง ูˆู…ู† ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณู…
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:45:32,060 --> 00:45:37,180
2447
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฅู†ู‡ localized infection ูู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:45:37,180 --> 00:45:41,980
2451
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช invasive ูˆู„ุง ุชุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:45:41,980 --> 00:45:44,520
2455
+ ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ invasion ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุทุฑ ู…ู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃุฎุฑู‰
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:45:44,520 --> 00:45:49,520
2459
+ localized ู„ุฃ ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจู†ูˆุถุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ pathogenesis ูƒูŠุจ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:45:49,520 --> 00:45:56,020
2463
+ ุงู„ุชู… ู‡ู„ localized ูˆู„ุง invasive toxicity ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุตุฑู†ุง
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:45:56,020 --> 00:45:58,000
2467
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุจุงู„ toxins ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:46:06,650 --> 00:46:10,810
2471
+ ูŠุจุฌูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ pathogenicity ูˆ
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:46:10,810 --> 00:46:14,010
2475
+ ุงู„ virus ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† adherence ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ adherence
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:46:14,010 --> 00:46:17,690
2479
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ invasion ูˆ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:46:17,690 --> 00:46:20,710
2483
+ ู…ู† ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:46:20,710 --> 00:46:25,950
2487
+ ุงู„ pathogenesis ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ adhesion ูˆ ุงู„
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:46:25,950 --> 00:46:29,730
2491
+ invasion ูˆ ุงูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุงู„ toxigenicity ูˆ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:46:29,730 --> 00:46:36,600
2495
+ ุงู† ููŠู†ุง endotoxin ูˆ exotoxin ูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ ..Toxin
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:46:36,600 --> 00:46:39,400
2499
+ like pyrogensุŒ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ู…ุงุฑู…ุนุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ pyrogens
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:46:39,400 --> 00:46:46,340
2503
+ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŒ pyrogenุŒ pyrogen ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฑุงูุน ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุฑุงูุน
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:46:46,340 --> 00:46:52,140
2507
+ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฑูุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ูŠู†
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:46:52,140 --> 00:46:55,040
2511
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ toxins ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุณู†ุงู‡ู… ุจูŠุฑูุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŸ ุงู„
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:46:55,040 --> 00:46:58,840
2515
+ endotoxinุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ endotoxin ู„ู„ูŠ gram negative
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:46:58,840 --> 00:47:05,040
2519
+ ุตุญุŸุงู„ pyrogens ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุจ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:47:05,040 --> 00:47:08,100
2523
+ ุงุญู†ุง counterpart ู„ู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู…ุด ู‡ุงู†ูŠ counterpart
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:47:08,100 --> 00:47:12,860
2527
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุธูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ gram negative ูˆ
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:47:12,860 --> 00:47:16,400
2531
+ ุงู„ counterpart ุณู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ gram positive ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุฒูŠ
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:47:16,400 --> 00:47:20,900
2535
+ ุงู„ taicoic acid ุงู„ taicoic acid ุงูˆ ุงู„ lipo taicoic
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:47:20,900 --> 00:47:25,880
2539
+ acid ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุนู† ุงู„ peptidoglycan ุชุจุน
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:47:25,880 --> 00:47:29,240
2543
+ ุงู„ gram positive ุงู†ู‡ pyrogen ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ pyrogen
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:47:29,240 --> 00:47:29,740
2547
+ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:47:34,120 --> 00:47:36,880
2551
+ ุฃู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ gram poster ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:47:36,880 --> 00:47:43,080
2555
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุณุฑู†ุฌุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ plastic ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:47:43,080 --> 00:47:48,060
2559
+ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง pyrogen free ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ pyrogen freeุŸ
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:47:48,060 --> 00:47:52,700
2563
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ pyrogens ุทุจ ู„ูŠุด ุญุทูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:47:52,700 --> 00:47:55,040
2567
+ pyrogen freeุŸ ุญุฏ ุฌุงู„ู‡ู… ุญุทูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง pyrogen freeุŸ
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:47:56,460 --> 00:47:58,880
2571
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ ุญุงูƒู†ู‡ุง ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุณุฑู†ุฌุฉ
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:47:58,880 --> 00:48:03,440
2575
+ ุญุงุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุฃูƒุฑู…ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงุฑู‰ ูˆุนู‚ุจู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง
2576
+
2577
+ 645
2578
+ 00:48:03,440 --> 00:48:08,300
2579
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจูˆุงู‚ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
2580
+
2581
+ 646
2582
+ 00:48:08,300 --> 00:48:12,680
2583
+ pyrogen free ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑู†ุฌุฉ
2584
+
2585
+ 647
2586
+ 00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:16,380
2587
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ ู‚ุจู„
2588
+
2589
+ 648
2590
+ 00:48:16,380 --> 00:48:19,990
2591
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุจู…ุง
2592
+
2593
+ 649
2594
+ 00:48:19,990 --> 00:48:22,950
2595
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
2596
+
2597
+ 650
2598
+ 00:48:22,950 --> 00:48:28,130
2599
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2600
+
2601
+ 651
2602
+ 00:48:28,130 --> 00:48:29,350
2603
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
2604
+
2605
+ 652
2606
+ 00:48:29,350 --> 00:48:29,770
2607
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2608
+
2609
+ 653
2610
+ 00:48:29,770 --> 00:48:29,830
2611
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
2612
+
2613
+ 654
2614
+ 00:48:29,830 --> 00:48:30,490
2615
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2616
+
2617
+ 655
2618
+ 00:48:30,490 --> 00:48:32,050
2619
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
2620
+
2621
+ 656
2622
+ 00:48:32,050 --> 00:48:32,230
2623
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2624
+
2625
+ 657
2626
+ 00:48:32,230 --> 00:48:35,250
2627
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
2628
+
2629
+ 658
2630
+ 00:48:35,250 --> 00:48:36,390
2631
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
2632
+
2633
+ 659
2634
+ 00:48:36,390 --> 00:48:40,210
2635
+ .. ุงู„ ..
2636
+
2637
+ 660
2638
+ 00:48:46,060 --> 00:48:48,820
2639
+ ุงู„ septic shock ุดุฑุงุญุชู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู†
2640
+
2641
+ 661
2642
+ 00:48:48,820 --> 00:48:52,840
2643
+ ู„ุงุจุฃุณ ุงู† ุงุฐูƒุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู†
2644
+
2645
+ 662
2646
+ 00:48:52,840 --> 00:48:56,340
2647
+ ู…ุงุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุจ ุจ septicemia ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู†
2648
+
2649
+ 663
2650
+ 00:48:56,340 --> 00:49:00,540
2651
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุด ุจุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ
2652
+
2653
+ 664
2654
+ 00:49:00,540 --> 00:49:04,620
2655
+ ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุง the mere presence
2656
+
2657
+ 665
2658
+ 00:49:04,620 --> 00:49:09,420
2659
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุง ุงุฐุง
2660
+
2661
+ 666
2662
+ 00:49:09,420 --> 00:49:14,180
2663
+ ุงู„ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ุนุจุฑุฉ ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุชูƒุงุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
2664
+
2665
+ 667
2666
+ 00:49:18,410 --> 00:49:24,130
2667
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ู‚ุชู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
2668
+
2669
+ 668
2670
+ 00:49:24,130 --> 00:49:30,490
2671
+ ุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุงุฌุฆ ูˆู…ู† ุซู…ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช
2672
+
2673
+ 669
2674
+ 00:49:30,490 --> 00:49:34,370
2675
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ release ูˆุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
2676
+
2677
+ 670
2678
+ 00:49:34,370 --> 00:49:37,710
2679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„
2680
+
2681
+ 671
2682
+ 00:49:37,710 --> 00:49:41,750
2683
+ compliment ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ ูˆุฑูุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุฎูุถ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู…
2684
+
2685
+ 672
2686
+ 00:49:41,750 --> 00:49:46,190
2687
+ ูˆุชูˆุณูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ shock
2688
+
2689
+ 673
2690
+ 00:49:46,190 --> 00:49:49,190
2691
+ ูˆุนุดุงู† ู†ูƒุณุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง gram negative septic shock ูˆุงู†ุดุงุก
2692
+
2693
+ 674
2694
+ 00:49:49,190 --> 00:49:51,350
2695
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
2696
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/rHI5W1zePCg_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/ycW2i58PRdc_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/ycW2i58PRdc_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2520 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:22,960
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:26,420
7
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุท ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุณู„ู„ุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,420 --> 00:00:30,120
11
+ ุงู„ุจุงุณู„ู„ุณ ุณูŠุฑูŠุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงู†ู‡
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:34,720
15
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุดุจู‡ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุชู‡ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:34,720 --> 00:00:40,540
19
+ ุงู„ุจุงุณู„ู„ุณ ุฃู†ุชุฑุงุณุณ ู„ูƒู† ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ beta hemolysis ุงู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:40,540 --> 00:00:44,270
23
+ beta hemolysisูŠุชุถุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:44,270 --> 00:00:49,810
27
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูุฑุงุบ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุจูŠุชู…ูŠุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:49,810 --> 00:00:52,870
31
+ ุนู† ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุถุญ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:52,870 --> 00:00:56,470
35
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:56,470 --> 00:00:59,530
39
+ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒู… ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุจุชู‡ ู…ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฌุฏุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,530 --> 00:01:03,750
43
+ ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุงูŠุถุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช large huge colonies
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:03,750 --> 00:01:09,120
47
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู† ุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ุจุณู„ุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:12,920
51
+ ground positive bacilli ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:16,260
55
+ sport forming ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ุจุชู†ุชุฌ beta hemolysis on
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:16,260 --> 00:01:18,280
59
+ blood ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:22,900
63
+ ุงู„ุจุงุณูŠู„ุงุณ ุฃู†ุชุฑุงุณูŠุณ ุงู„ pathogenesis and clinical
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:22,900 --> 00:01:28,080
67
+ featureุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ everywhereุŒ most
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:31,340
71
+ especially in cerealsุŒ cereals ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจุŒ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:31,340 --> 00:01:35,060
75
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Bacillus cereusุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,060 --> 00:01:39,620
79
+ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุดุฑู‚ ุฃุณูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:39,620 --> 00:01:45,240
83
+ riceุงู„ุฑุฒ ุงู„ bacteria is heat resistant ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:48,140
87
+ ุจุตู„ุต ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงูƒุชุฑ bacteria resistant ููŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:48,140 --> 00:01:52,860
91
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุจุตู„ุต stereothermophilous ูŠุนู†ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:52,860 --> 00:01:55,820
95
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ genus ู†ูุณู‡ ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู† ุชุงุน ุงู„ุจุตู„ุต ุทุจุนุง ู†ุบูŠุฑ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:55,820 --> 00:02:01,120
99
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง geo-bacillusูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ bacteria is heat
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:01,120 --> 00:02:04,960
103
+ resistant ุงู„ sports heat resistant and can survive
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:08,320
107
+ rapid frying ูุฑุงูŠูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:08,320 --> 00:02:13,000
111
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุฑุฒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุฑุฒ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุณ ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:13,000 --> 00:02:19,080
115
+ ุดุฑู‚ ุฃุณูŠุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฒ ุฒูŠ ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฒ ุชู…ุงู… ูุฌุฒุก
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:19,080 --> 00:02:23,040
119
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุฎู†ูˆุง ุงู„ุฑุฒ ุงูˆ ุจูŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:26,930
123
+ glue ุชู…ุงู… ู‚ุงู„ูŠ fryูุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ spores can
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,930 --> 00:02:30,190
127
+ survive rapid frying ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠ ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:30,190 --> 00:02:35,850
131
+ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ู‡ they produce enterotoxin in that food if
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:35,850 --> 00:02:38,650
135
+ ingested it will cause food poisoning short
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:38,650 --> 00:02:41,070
139
+ incubation period ุงู„ IP ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุงู„ IP address ุชุจุน
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,070 --> 00:02:44,170
143
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุฃู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง incubation period ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ุณุช
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:44,170 --> 00:02:47,910
147
+ ุณุงุนุงุช ูˆุจูŠุดุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุชุจุนุชู‡
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:47,910 --> 00:02:52,210
151
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชููŠู„ูˆูƒูˆูƒู„ food poisoning ู…ู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:52,210 --> 00:02:57,950
155
+ ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ and vomitingุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ treatment ู„ุง ุชุดุชู…ู„ ุงู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,950 --> 00:03:02,170
159
+ antibiotic ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ุชุญุช ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:02,170 --> 00:03:05,970
163
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ู‡ูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:05,970 --> 00:03:09,570
167
+ symptomatic treatment ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ vomiting ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:09,570 --> 00:03:13,670
171
+ ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠู† liquid ุงูˆ fluid
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:13,670 --> 00:03:16,370
175
+ replacement ูˆ electrolyte replacement ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:16,370 --> 00:03:21,620
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง symptomatic fluid replacementู‡ุฐู‡
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:21,620 --> 00:03:24,700
183
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:24,700 --> 00:03:28,200
187
+ text ููŠ .. ููŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ bacillus
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:31,340
191
+ anthracis ูˆ ุงู„ bacillus cereus ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:31,340 --> 00:03:33,680
195
+ growth requirement of ุซูŠุงู…ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุซูŠุงู…ูŠู†
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:37,260
199
+ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ bacillus
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:37,260 --> 00:03:41,180
203
+ anthracis ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:41,180 --> 00:03:42,880
207
+ hemolysis of blood agaric ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:46,120
211
+ anthracis ุฃูˆ ุงู„ anthracis does not produce beta
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:50,410
215
+ hemolysisglutamine polypeptide capsule ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:50,410 --> 00:03:52,330
219
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุฌู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง medically
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:52,330 --> 00:03:57,030
223
+ important ูˆุฅู„ู‡ุง capsule ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู†ุฉ ู…ู† polypeptide ู‡ูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:57,030 --> 00:04:00,510
227
+ ุงู„bacillus anthracis lysis by gamma ูุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฌู†ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:00,510 --> 00:04:04,790
231
+ very specific testamine ู„ู„bacillus anthracis ุงู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:04,790 --> 00:04:07,310
235
+ motility it is negative ูˆุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉ ุฌู†ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:07,310 --> 00:04:10,530
239
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:10,530 --> 00:04:14,230
243
+ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠุงุช growth on chlorhydrate agar
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:14,230 --> 00:04:17,240
247
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„agar ู…ุถุนู ุฅู„ู‰ chlorhydrateุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:20,160
251
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ anthracis does not grow ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:23,880
255
+ ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ serious can growุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠู† ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:23,880 --> 00:04:27,440
259
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช can be used to distinguish between Bacillus
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:31,680
263
+ anthracis and other ุจุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:32,120
267
+ serious
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:34,740 --> 00:04:37,900
271
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง .. ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:37,900 --> 00:04:42,680
275
+ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ sport forming aerobic
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:42,680 --> 00:04:45,960
279
+ bacteria ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงุณ ุงู†ุชุฑุงุณูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุจุตูŠู„ุงุณ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:49,620
283
+ ุณูŠุฑูŠุงุณ ูุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:49,620 --> 00:04:56,050
287
+ anaerobic sport forming ground positive bacilliูˆุฅู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:56,050 --> 00:04:59,090
291
+ ุฑุฌุนูƒูˆุง ู„ู„ diagram ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:04:59,090 --> 00:05:02,030
295
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ ground positive bacilli could be
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:02,030 --> 00:05:04,770
299
+ classified based on the presence of spore into
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:04,770 --> 00:05:08,130
303
+ spore former and non spore former if spore former
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:08,130 --> 00:05:10,770
307
+ if it is aerobic it is bacillus if it is anaerobic
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:10,770 --> 00:05:14,190
311
+ it is clostridium species ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:14,190 --> 00:05:19,150
315
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุชุตู†ูŠู ุขุฎุฑ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:19,150 --> 00:05:22,470
319
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ Spore Former ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:22,470 --> 00:05:25,590
323
+ ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง Grambustive Bacilli
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:29,610
327
+ Grambustive Bacilli based on their oxygen
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:29,610 --> 00:05:32,530
331
+ requirement they are either classified into
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:32,530 --> 00:05:38,230
335
+ anaerobes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู†ูˆู…ุงูŠุณ ุฃูˆ aerobes
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:38,230 --> 00:05:41,350
339
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒูˆุฑู†ุจุงูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆู…ุŒ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:41,350 --> 00:05:46,490
343
+ ู„ุณุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุจุงุณู„ุณุŒ ุฌุงุฑุฏู†ุฑูŠู„ุง ูˆู†ูˆูƒุงุฑุฏูŠุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:05:46,490 --> 00:05:52,890
347
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู†ูู‡ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:05:52,890 --> 00:05:56,730
351
+ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุชูŠ ุชุตู†ู ุนู„ูŠู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ูู‚ุท ุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:05:56,730 --> 00:05:59,070
355
+ Clostridium Actinomyces
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:04,700
359
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุนู† ุงู„ general
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:04,700 --> 00:06:07,800
363
+ characteristics ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃู†ุง aerobic gram
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:11,440
367
+ -boosted ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† they are spore-former
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:14,180
371
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ they are characterized ุงูˆ will
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:14,180 --> 00:06:16,440
375
+ characterized by their ability to decompose
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:19,780
379
+ proteins decompose ูŠุนู†ูŠ to hydrolyze ู†ุนู… to
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:19,780 --> 00:06:24,560
383
+ hydrolyze they produce exotoxins ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:28,080
387
+ ุชูƒุณูŠู† outside ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:28,780
391
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:28,780 --> 00:06:30,840
395
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:30,840 --> 00:06:30,880
399
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:31,620
403
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:06:31,620 --> 00:06:31,640
407
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:31,640
411
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:35,240
415
+ ุงู„ุงู„ู€ natural habit ุงู„ุชุจุงุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู€ soil ูŠุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:38,660
419
+ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ gastro intestinal tract of man and animal
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:06:38,660 --> 00:06:41,860
423
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ can be found in stool ุฃูˆ can be found in
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:06:41,860 --> 00:06:45,880
427
+ soil some motiles others none ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตูุฉ ุงู„ motility
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:51,220
431
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุธูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:06:51,220 --> 00:06:54,420
435
+ species ุชุจุงุนุช ุงู„ glycerin ุฏูŠ are catalase negative
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:06:54,420 --> 00:06:59,420
439
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงุญู†ุง ุงุณุชู†ูุฐู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ catalase
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:06:59,420 --> 00:07:04,200
443
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:07,540
447
+ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูƒุงู† ู„ู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Staphylococci ูˆ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:07,540 --> 00:07:11,220
451
+ ุงู„ู€ Streptococci ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Beta
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:11,220 --> 00:07:14,640
455
+ -Hemolytic Streptococci ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Stereomonocytogen ูˆ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:14,640 --> 00:07:18,200
459
+ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจุณู„ุณ which is positive ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:21,000
463
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ which is negative ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ูุญุต
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:25,400
467
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‡ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุญุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:25,400 --> 00:07:30,710
471
+ ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:34,430
475
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏุฑุณู‡ุง ุงูˆ ู‡ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏium tetany ุงูˆ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:07:34,430 --> 00:07:37,890
479
+ ุชุชู†ุงุนู‰ุŒ ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏium perifringensุŒ ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏium
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:07:37,890 --> 00:07:42,530
483
+ botuloniumุŒ ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏium septicumุŒ ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏium noviุŒ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:07:42,530 --> 00:07:50,820
487
+ ูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏium difficile ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‚ูุฒู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:07:50,820 --> 00:07:54,420
491
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุงุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:07:54,420 --> 00:07:57,880
495
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:07:57,880 --> 00:08:01,600
499
+ Lyclostridium Difficile ูˆุญุจุฏุฃ ููŠ difficile ุงู„ุขู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:01,600 --> 00:08:07,460
503
+ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชูƒุชุณุจ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:07,460 --> 00:08:13,600
507
+ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ antibiotics ูƒูŠู ุชุฑูƒุฒูˆุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:19,520
511
+ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุตู„ ู„ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถุงู†ุณุงู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:27,880
515
+ ุฃุตูŠุจ ุจุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุญุงุฏ ุจุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:32,380
519
+ ุฒูŠ pseudomonas aeruginosa ุงุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ antibiotic
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:32,380 --> 00:08:39,860
523
+ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุช ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ antibiotic ุงุนุทูŠู‡
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:39,860 --> 00:08:42,820
527
+ ูˆู…ุงุนุทูˆุด ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑ ูŠูˆุฏูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ูู‚ุท ูŠู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:42,820 --> 00:08:46,800
531
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู„ุชู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:08:46,800 --> 00:08:49,880
535
+ ุจูŠู‚ุชู„ู‡ุงู…ู† ุถู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:08:49,880 --> 00:08:52,260
539
+ normal microbiota ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ intestinal
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:08:52,260 --> 00:08:58,740
543
+ tract ู‡ูŠู‚ุชู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ูุดูŠ ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุชูƒ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุชู„ ูƒู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:08:58,740 --> 00:09:03,080
547
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูู‡ูŠู‚ุชู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ููŠุนู…ู„ imbalance ููŠ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:03,080 --> 00:09:06,200
551
+ normal microbiota ู‡ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:10,260
555
+ clostridium difficile ูˆู‡ูŠ normal flora ุนู†ุฏ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:10,260 --> 00:09:15,310
559
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุชุชูƒุงุซุฑู‡ูŠ ุฏู†ุงู…ุช ูˆุชูƒุงุซุฑุช ูˆูˆุตู„ุช ู„ู€
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:15,310 --> 00:09:17,910
563
+ Quorum Sensing ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู…ุตุทู„ุญ Quorum SensingุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:17,910 --> 00:09:22,110
567
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู‚ุฑุฑ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:22,110 --> 00:09:26,770
571
+ Virulence Factors ุณุจุนุชู‡ุง ู‡ุชู†ุชุฌ ุชูƒุณูŠู†ุงุช ุชูƒุณูŠู† A ูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:26,770 --> 00:09:32,270
575
+ ุชูƒุณูŠู† B ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ disease known as Clostridium
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:32,270 --> 00:09:37,050
579
+ Difficile Associated Diarrhea ุฃูˆ ุงุณู… ุชุงู†ูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:37,050 --> 00:09:42,800
583
+ Antibiotic Induced Pseudomebraneous Colitisู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:42,800 --> 00:09:47,340
587
+ ุฏูŠุงุฑูŠุง ูˆ pseudomembraneous colitis ุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:09:47,340 --> 00:09:52,770
591
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุฌุฏูŠุด ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ูˆุตู„ุช ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:09:52,770 --> 00:09:56,650
595
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช it is number one cause of
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:09:56,650 --> 00:09:59,990
599
+ hospital acquired diarrhea number one cause of
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:09:59,990 --> 00:10:02,890
603
+ hospital acquired diarrhea ูˆุนุฑูุช ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:02,890 --> 00:10:05,710
607
+ hospital acquired ู„ุฅู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุจู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:05,710 --> 00:10:10,110
611
+ antibiotic ู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:10,110 --> 00:10:14,390
615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ normal microbiota
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:14,390 --> 00:10:18,250
619
+ imbalance ุนุฏู… ุงุชุฒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ normal microbiotaุทุจุนุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:18,250 --> 00:10:21,030
623
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจ antibiotics ู„ู…ุง ุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:21,030 --> 00:10:25,450
627
+ ุจู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจ antibiotic ู†ุฑุฌุน ุจุฑุฌูˆุน Clostridium
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:10:25,450 --> 00:10:31,370
631
+ Tetani ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ุน ุจุงู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ููŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:10:31,370 --> 00:10:36,410
635
+ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒ ุงุณู…ุชู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุฃู‡ู„ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู„ุฃ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:10:36,410 --> 00:10:40,970
639
+ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู„ ุณู…ุนุชู… ุจุฃุญุฏ ุฃุตูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:10:40,970 --> 00:10:46,410
643
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจู†ุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุซู‚ุงูุฉุชู‚ุงูุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:10:46,410 --> 00:10:52,050
647
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุจุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุฌุฑุญ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ู…ู† ุดูŠุก ู…ู„ูˆุซ ู…ู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:10:52,050 --> 00:10:55,970
651
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุจุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู…ูŠุฑ ูˆุฎู„ุงูู‡ ุฃู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:10:55,970 --> 00:11:01,110
655
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ ุจุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:01,110 --> 00:11:04,570
659
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญ ูˆูŠุนุทุงู‡ ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅุจุฑุฉ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:04,570 --> 00:11:09,310
663
+ ุถุฏ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุชู‚ุงูุฉ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุณูˆุงุก
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:09,310 --> 00:11:14,620
667
+ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุชุนู„ู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุนู„ู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุงูุฉูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฎูŠุฑ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:14,620 --> 00:11:18,040
671
+ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ investment ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:18,040 --> 00:11:22,360
675
+ public awareness ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู‡ูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:27,620
679
+ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ุงู‚ู„ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุฃูˆ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:27,620 --> 00:11:32,600
683
+ ุงุณุชุญุฏุงุซ ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:39,980
687
+ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ infection ุทูŠุจ ู…ุฑุถ fatal ู‚ุงุชู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:44,220
691
+ Clostridium Perifringens ุจุชุณุจุจ ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ gas
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:11:44,220 --> 00:11:48,380
695
+ gangrene ุงู„ุบุฑุบุฑูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ู… ุจูู„ุงู† ูˆุตูŠุจ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:11:48,380 --> 00:11:53,420
699
+ ุจุบุฑุบุฑูŠู†ุฉ ู‚ุทุนุช ู‚ุทุนุช ุฃุตุงุจุฑ ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‚ุทุนุช ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:11:53,420 --> 00:11:57,880
703
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฏุฃ .. ุฏู„ู†ุง ู†ุฌุงุฒุฌู„ุณ ููŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุฎู„ุต ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:11:57,880 --> 00:12:06,320
707
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุตุนุจ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ ูŠุตุนุจ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ ุจุฌูŠู‡ู… ู†ุนู… ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:06,320 --> 00:12:09,220
711
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง diabetic food
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:09,220 --> 00:12:13,350
715
+ diabetic foodุฃู‡ ู†ุนู… ุบูŠุฑ ูƒู„ูŠุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ุจูˆุชู„ูˆู†ูŠูˆู…
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:13,350 --> 00:12:18,450
719
+ ูƒู„ูŠุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ุจูˆุชู„ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุณู… ู…ุนุฑูˆู
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:18,450 --> 00:12:21,190
723
+ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆุงุญุฏ milligram ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู†
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:21,190 --> 00:12:26,210
727
+ ูƒุงููŠ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ููŠ ุทูŠุงุชู‡ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† lethal dose
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:26,210 --> 00:12:31,930
731
+ ู„ู„ู…ูŠุณุณ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† lethal dose ุฑู‚ู… ู…ุฎูŠู ูู‡ุฐุง ุฃู‚ูˆู‰
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:31,930 --> 00:12:37,710
735
+ ุณู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุทูŠุจ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:40,320 --> 00:12:45,580
739
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจุงู„ antibiotic ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ .. ู„ .. ู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:45,580 --> 00:12:50,500
743
+ .. ู„ spores ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู„ spores ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:12:50,500 --> 00:12:52,560
747
+ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠู‡ุง .. ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ antibiotic
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:12:52,560 --> 00:12:59,320
751
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุบุงู„ุจุง .. ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูุดู„ .. ูุดู„ ุฐุฑูŠุน ููŠ ู…ุนุธู…
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:12:59,320 --> 00:13:04,320
755
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ spore former infectionsูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:08,020
759
+ bacillus anthracis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ fatal
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:08,020 --> 00:13:11,980
763
+ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:11,980 --> 00:13:15,920
767
+ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุถุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ prevention ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:20,240
771
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ุงู„ treatment ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:24,240
775
+ prevention ุงู„ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:29,220
779
+ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ treatment
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:30,520 --> 00:13:34,200
783
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ treatment ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ูุนุงู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:34,200 --> 00:13:38,040
787
+ prevention ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุทุจู‚ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ prevention ู‡ู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:42,080
791
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† absolute ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุทุจู‚ู†ุง
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:42,080 --> 00:13:46,700
795
+ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ prevention ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ู„ ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:46,700 --> 00:13:50,240
799
+ ูŠูู„ุช ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชุŒ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูุงุญู†ุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:50,240 --> 00:13:55,800
803
+ ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ู†ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฑูŠุจู…ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุฃูˆ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:13:55,800 --> 00:13:59,880
807
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ sport former
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:03,920
811
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ infection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู‚ุฏุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:09,460
815
+ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ู†ู…ู†ุน ุญุฏูˆุซู‡ุง ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:09,460 --> 00:14:17,310
819
+ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ููŠ ุทูŠุงุชู‡ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ูุดู„ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุงุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:17,310 --> 00:14:20,950
823
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฌูˆู†ุง ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงู…ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู†
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:20,950 --> 00:14:26,510
827
+ ุจุงู„ุฃุฐู‡ุงู† ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† ุฃุตูŠุจ ุจุญุงุฏุซ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:26,510 --> 00:14:30,790
831
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุบู„ุต ู…ุตู…ุงุฑ ููŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠู†ุฏู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:30,790 --> 00:14:35,230
835
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฅุจุฑุฉ ุจุงู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:35,230 --> 00:14:39,390
839
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ anti-tetanos autoxide to activate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:39,390 --> 00:14:41,150
843
+ ุงู„ immune system ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:44,420 --> 00:14:47,760
847
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ tetanus ุงูˆ luck jaw ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชู„ู‚ูˆุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:51,560
851
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ fixed smile ุงู„ุฅุจุชุณุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุจุชุฉ ู„ุฐุง ู„ุง ุชุธู† ุฃู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:55,380
855
+ ู…ู† ูŠุจุชุณู… ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุณุนูŠุฏ ุจุฑุคูŠุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:14:55,380 --> 00:15:00,740
859
+ ู…ุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ูˆุณู…ูˆู‡ luck jaw ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฒุงุฒ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:00,740 --> 00:15:05,040
863
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูŠุตุนุจ ูุชุญ ุงู„ููƒูŠู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:05,040 --> 00:15:11,360
867
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ paralysis ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ููƒู…ู† ู…ุฒุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:15,360
871
+ ุงู„ disease ุงู†ู‡ localized infection ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู…
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:15,360 --> 00:15:19,860
875
+ ู…ู† ุงู† ุงู„ symptoms ุชุจุนุชู‡ systematic ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:19,860 --> 00:15:23,500
879
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุง ุงู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ infection ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฏุฎูˆู„
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:23,500 --> 00:15:27,240
883
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตู†ุท ุนู…ู‚ ุจุชุธู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:27,240 --> 00:15:31,380
887
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุงุจุชู†ุชุดุฑุด ู…ุงุจุชุฑูˆุญุด ุชุนู…ู„ ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:31,380 --> 00:15:36,120
891
+ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ meningitis ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง meningitis ุงุฐุง
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:36,120 --> 00:15:42,590
895
+ ู…ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง localized infectionูƒูŠู ุงู„ุงุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุจุชุฃุซุฑุŸ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:15:42,590 --> 00:15:47,250
899
+ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุจูŠุตู„ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:47,250 --> 00:15:52,510
903
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจุŒ ุฅุฐู† ูƒ infection ุฅูŠุด
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:52,510 --> 00:15:57,410
907
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŸ localized ู…ุด systemic infection The
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:57,410 --> 00:15:59,990
911
+ disease is transmitted to man through infected
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:59,990 --> 00:16:04,640
915
+ woundsุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ูˆ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:09,060
919
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ูƒู†ุง ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ุจู…ุตุฏุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ .. ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:09,060 --> 00:16:12,240
923
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ .. ู„ู„ .. ุงู„ studio ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:12,240 --> 00:16:15,200
927
+ ุงู„ stoolุŒ ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูุฃูŠ ู…ุตุฏุฑ .. ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑูŠู† ู‚ุฏ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:20,410
931
+ ูŠุญู…ู„ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑSpores enter into wounds within or with
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:20,410 --> 00:16:23,610
935
+ soil or material contaminated with soil ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:23,610 --> 00:16:27,670
939
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ Spores ุจุชุงุนุฉ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:32,970
943
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ The
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:32,970 --> 00:16:36,670
947
+ infection is localized in the area of entry Growth
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:36,670 --> 00:16:39,550
951
+ of the toxin ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง Growth
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:39,550 --> 00:16:42,690
955
+ and toxin production is aided by the following ู†ู…ูˆ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:42,690 --> 00:16:47,360
959
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู„ุงู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ู„ุงู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:47,360 --> 00:16:51,160
963
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:51,160 --> 00:16:56,380
967
+ Oxygen ุชู„ุนุจูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุตู…ุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:56,380 --> 00:17:01,920
971
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cut ู‚ุทู‚ ู‚ุทู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:06,980
975
+ destruction destruction ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุชู…ูˆุชูŠุจู‚ู‰
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:06,980 --> 00:17:11,460
979
+ ุงู„ู€ necrotic tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูˆูุฑ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:11,460 --> 00:17:15,740
983
+ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู„ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู„ spores to
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:15,740 --> 00:17:20,600
987
+ germinate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุจุฐุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ุจุช ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ calcium
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:23,860
991
+ salts ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ germination calcium
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:23,860 --> 00:17:27,720
995
+ salts ู…ู† ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ necrotic tissue ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:27,720 --> 00:17:31,240
999
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:36,100
1003
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ Staphylococcus aureus ุนู„ู‰
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:36,100 --> 00:17:38,620
1007
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ Staphylococcus aureusุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุฑูŠุด ูŠุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:38,620 --> 00:17:42,300
1011
+ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠุŸ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุด ุจู†ูˆุตูู‡ู… ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ู… ู„ู„ุฅูƒุณุฌูŠู†
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:17:42,300 --> 00:17:47,520
1015
+ facultative ุฃู†ุง ูŠุงุฑุจุŒ ุฃู†ุง ูŠุงุฑุจุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:51,340
1019
+ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ environment ุจุชูˆูุฑ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:51,340 --> 00:17:54,400
1023
+ ุธุฑูˆู ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชูˆูุฑู‡ุง ุธุฑูˆู ู„ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:58,880
1027
+ ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ูุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ุตุงู„ุญ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:03,460
1031
+ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจูƒู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠูˆู… ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:03,460 --> 00:18:08,320
1035
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ู€ spores
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:11,240
1039
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ environment ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:14,940
1043
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุฑุจุฉุŒ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุชุฑุจุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:14,940 --> 00:18:17,520
1047
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฏุฎู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:17,520 --> 00:18:23,140
1051
+ ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Clostridium Titanium
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:23,140 --> 00:18:28,540
1055
+ ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุจุฒู…ูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:28,540 --> 00:18:32,040
1059
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† heat labile toxin ุจุชููŠุฏู†ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:37,670
1063
+ ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ heat labile toxinุทูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ toxin ูˆูŠู†
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:18:37,670 --> 00:18:42,270
1067
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸู…ุนู„ุด ู‡ูˆ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ bacteria ุชูƒูˆู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:18:42,270 --> 00:18:46,950
1071
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ู†ุณุฎู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ 65 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:18:46,950 --> 00:18:50,890
1075
+ ู…ุฆุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุจู†ูˆุถุญ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู† ุงู„ toxin
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:18:50,890 --> 00:18:55,090
1079
+ ู…ุนู…ู„ูŠุง ู‡ูˆ heat ู„ุง bite ู„ูƒู† clinically ู…ุงููŠุด ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:18:55,090 --> 00:18:58,630
1083
+ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุนุถ .. ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุธู† ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:58,630 --> 00:19:01,810
1087
+ practice ููŠ ู‚ุทุงุน ุบุฒุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุตุงุจ ุจู…ุตู…ุงุฑ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:01,810 --> 00:19:06,130
1091
+ ุฌูŠุจ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูˆู„ุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุณุฌุงุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:06,130 --> 00:19:11,630
1095
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ practice ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:11,630 --> 00:19:15,290
1099
+ ูŠูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:15,290 --> 00:19:18,670
1103
+ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ .. ู„ุง ุงุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงุญู†ุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:18,670 --> 00:19:24,590
1107
+ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุนุฉ ูˆูˆู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุญุทู†ุง ุงูŠุฏู†ุง ููˆู‚ ุจูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:24,590 --> 00:19:29,910
1111
+ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุชุชู… ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชู†ู‡ุฑุฌ ุงูŠุฏู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ุฌุจู„ุŸ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:29,910 --> 00:19:34,830
1115
+ ุฌุจู„ุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุจู„ ู…ุชู†ู‡ุฑุฌ ุงูŠุฏู†ุง ุจู†ุดูŠู„ุŒ ู…ุชุญู…ู„ุด ุจู†ุดูŠู„ุŒ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:34,830 --> 00:19:39,800
1119
+ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฑุฑ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:39,800 --> 00:19:43,420
1123
+ ุจุดูŠุก ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏ 2 ุตู†ุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:43,420 --> 00:19:48,580
1127
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ sport former ูˆ resistant ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุญู†ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:19:48,580 --> 00:19:52,340
1131
+ ู…ุงุจู†ุชุญู…ู„ุด ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:19:52,340 --> 00:19:55,820
1135
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจู†ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ู†ู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:19:55,820 --> 00:19:59,800
1139
+ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุจู†ูˆูุฑ ุธุฑูˆู ู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:19:59,800 --> 00:20:04,120
1143
+ ุงู„ practice ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ practice ุณูŠุก ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:04,120 --> 00:20:08,910
1147
+ ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุธุฑูˆู ู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู…
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:08,910 --> 00:20:11,800
1151
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉit blocks the release of inhibitory
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:12,920
1155
+ mediators of the motor neurons ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:15,240
1159
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุจุงูƒุดู† it blocks the release of
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:15,240 --> 00:20:18,240
1163
+ inhibitory mediators of the motor neurons ุงุญู†ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:21,940
1167
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง acetylcholine ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:21,940 --> 00:20:25,820
1171
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ acetylcholine ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:25,820 --> 00:20:31,520
1175
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ glycine ุงู„ glycine
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:31,520 --> 00:20:34,520
1179
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ ุงู„ acetylcholine ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:20:34,520 --> 00:20:39,020
1183
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง relaxationู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ glycine ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุชุฌ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:20:39,020 --> 00:20:42,760
1187
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:47,040
1191
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฆู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ asbestic paralysis ุงู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:52,150
1195
+ asbestic paralysis ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ู‚ุฏ ูŠุตุงุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุถ ุจู†ูˆุจุงุช
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:52,150 --> 00:20:58,410
1199
+ .. ุจู†ูˆุจุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ violent spasm ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดู†ุฌุงุช ุนู†ูŠูุฉ ู‚ุฏ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:58,410 --> 00:21:03,070
1203
+ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุชุดู†ุฌุงุช
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:21:03,070 --> 00:21:07,390
1207
+ ุจุชุชู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุชู…ุงู… ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ูŠูุฉ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:21:07,390 --> 00:21:11,290
1211
+ ูŠู†ูƒุณุฑ ุจูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ูˆูŠุตุงุจ ุจุดู„ู„ ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ู…ุงุก
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:21:12,240 --> 00:21:16,460
1215
+ ูุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠ ุฎุทุฑ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุงุŒ this ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:21:16,460 --> 00:21:18,820
1219
+ mechanism of the toxinุŒ this result in extreme
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:18,820 --> 00:21:23,560
1223
+ hyperreflexiaุŒ hyperreflexia ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉุŒ ุงู„ reflex
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:23,560 --> 00:21:27,160
1227
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒุŒ ุจุฏู‡
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:30,560
1231
+ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุดูŠุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒู‡ุŒ ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:36,040
1235
+ ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชูŠุชุง ู†ุตู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุตุนุจุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:39,400
1239
+ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง hyper reflexia and violent spasm of
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:21:39,400 --> 00:21:42,940
1243
+ skeletal muscles in response to any stimuli the
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:21:42,940 --> 00:21:46,500
1247
+ toxin is inactivated by the proteic enzyme of the
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:49,760
1251
+ digestive system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุชุชู†ุงูˆู„ุช ุงู„ toxin ูƒุทุนู…
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:54,960
1255
+ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุง ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ toxin ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ุงู†ุช ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:54,960 --> 00:21:58,780
1259
+ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ inactivation
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:58,780 --> 00:22:01,840
1263
+ inactivation ุจุงู„ proteotic enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:05,810
1267
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฏู…ูุด ุงู„ .. ูุด ุงู„ .. ูุด
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:05,810 --> 00:22:08,630
1271
+ ุงู„ proteolytic ุจุชุฎุด ุงู„ู…ุงูŠุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตู…ุงุฑ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:08,630 --> 00:22:12,570
1275
+ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุชุฎุด ุงู„ู…ุงูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุชุจุนู‡
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:12,570 --> 00:22:17,430
1279
+ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุงูŠุฏ ุทุงู„ุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ toxicity
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:17,430 --> 00:22:21,150
1283
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ one milligram ู…ู† ุงู„ pure toxin has six
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:22:21,150 --> 00:22:25,490
1287
+ million lethal mice doses ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ู‡ูˆู„ ุดุจุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:22:25,490 --> 00:22:27,510
1291
+ ุงู„ toxicity ุจุชุจุนุชู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:35,390
1295
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุตูˆุฑ ุจุชูˆุถุญู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุทุฑู‚
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:22:35,390 --> 00:22:42,210
1299
+ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุถุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุถุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† .. ู…ู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:22:42,210 --> 00:22:45,330
1303
+ ู…ุตู…ุงุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทุทุŒ ุนุถุฉ ุงู„ .. ุนุถุฉ .. ุนุถุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:22:45,330 --> 00:22:49,190
1307
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ tetanus
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:22:56,540 --> 00:23:02,540
1311
+ ุจุนุฏ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุนุธู…
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:23:02,540 --> 00:23:07,300
1315
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุน ุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุช ุฏุงูŠุฒ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:12,840
1319
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ range ุงู„ูˆุงุณุน ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:15,420
1323
+ ุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุช ุฏุงูŠุฒ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ ูŠูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุดู‡ุฑ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:15,420 --> 00:23:22,090
1327
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชู…ุงู† ุฃูŠุงู…The farther ..
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:22,090 --> 00:23:24,890
1331
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ The farther the injury site is
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:24,890 --> 00:23:26,850
1335
+ from the central nervous system, the longer the
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:23:26,850 --> 00:23:31,110
1339
+ incubation period ูƒู„ู…ุง ุงุจุชุนุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:23:31,110 --> 00:23:35,550
1343
+ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ incubation
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:23:35,550 --> 00:23:41,300
1347
+ periodthe shorter the incubation period the higher
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:23:41,300 --> 00:23:45,920
1351
+ the risk of death ูƒู„ู…ุง ู‚ุตุฑุช ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ incubation
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:52,160
1355
+ period ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ุงุญูƒูŠ ู„ูƒูˆุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:57,620
1359
+ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ู…ูŠู… ุชุชูˆู‚ุน ูŠุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ุบุฑูˆู ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุงุŸ ุฌุฑูˆุญ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:23:57,620 --> 00:24:02,340
1363
+ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ูˆู„ุง ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุณุทุญูŠุฉุŸูƒู„ู…ุง ุงุฒุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู‚ ูƒู„ู…ุง ุงุฒุฏุงุฏ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:24:02,340 --> 00:24:06,540
1367
+ ุงู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู† ุชุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู ู„ุงู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ู„ุงุญุธ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:24:06,540 --> 00:24:11,260
1371
+ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ู†ุงู‚ุดู‡ุง ู…ุนุงูƒู… ูƒ concept ุนุดุงู†
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:11,260 --> 00:24:15,320
1375
+ ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ููŠ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุชุญูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:20,680
1379
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุฏุฎู„ุงุชู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุชุฏุฎู„ุงุชู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงุญู†ุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:26,660
1383
+ ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฒู…ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุฑ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:26,660 --> 00:24:30,830
1387
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ tetanusูุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:24:30,830 --> 00:24:36,280
1391
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู†ุณุจุฉ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:40,380
1395
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:24:40,380 --> 00:24:44,780
1399
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ูุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุง ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ู†ุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:24:44,780 --> 00:24:50,100
1403
+ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู…ุง ู†ุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฌุฑูˆุญ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:24:50,100 --> 00:24:52,980
1407
+ ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู‡
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:24:52,980 --> 00:24:57,620
1411
+ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ู†ู‡ุชู… ู†ุนู… ู…ุด ุงุชูƒูŠูุช ู‡ูˆ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:24:57,620 --> 00:25:03,600
1415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ the chanceof forming
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:07,580
1419
+ anaerobic conditions ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนู…ู‚
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:25:07,580 --> 00:25:10,800
1423
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุด ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด chance ุฎุงู„ุต ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ููŠู‡
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:25:10,800 --> 00:25:14,120
1427
+ chance ู„ูƒู† ุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุงุฑูƒุฒู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:25:14,120 --> 00:25:19,900
1431
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:25:19,900 --> 00:25:23,780
1435
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุฌุงุนุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:25:23,780 --> 00:25:27,620
1439
+ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ fixed
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:25:27,620 --> 00:25:31,580
1443
+ jaw ููŠ luck jaw ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:38,320
1447
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ุฒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:41,980
1451
+ neonatal .. neonatal tetanus ูู‡ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:25:41,980 --> 00:25:45,400
1455
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒูˆุง ุจุชูˆุถุญู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ neonatal
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:25:45,400 --> 00:25:51,090
1459
+ tetanusุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠ ุจุชู… ู‚ุทุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุชู…ุงู…
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:25:51,090 --> 00:25:56,110
1463
+ ูุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:25:56,110 --> 00:25:59,330
1467
+ ุฒู…ุงู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุญุฌุฑ ู…ุงุถูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุณ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:25:59,330 --> 00:26:03,010
1471
+ ุงู„ .. ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุจูˆู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุชู… ููŠู‡ุง
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:26:03,010 --> 00:26:07,310
1475
+ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุฃูŠุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:26:07,310 --> 00:26:12,690
1479
+ ุจุฏุฃูŠุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ููŠ ุจูŠูˆู„ุฏูˆุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ูููŠ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:26:12,690 --> 00:26:17,350
1483
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:26:17,350 --> 00:26:22,770
1487
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:26:22,770 --> 00:26:30,250
1491
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ุทูŠุฑุงู† ุณุจุงุญุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:26:30,250 --> 00:26:34,930
1495
+ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจู†ู†ุฒู„ ูˆุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุชุฑุงุจ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:26:34,930 --> 00:26:39,410
1499
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุชู…ุงู… ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ู†ุธูŠู ุฎุงู„ุต ูˆู„ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:26:39,410 --> 00:26:43,230
1503
+ ุชุฑุงุจูŠ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุถุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุชุฑุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏูŠุชู†ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุฑูˆุญ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:26:43,230 --> 00:26:47,490
1507
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจ ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:26:47,490 --> 00:26:49,950
1511
+ ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ sport forming ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:26:49,950 --> 00:26:55,130
1515
+ ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ glycerin ุชุชุงู†ู‰ ู†ุนู… ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:26:55,130 --> 00:26:59,030
1519
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ูˆุด ู…ุทุฑุญู‡ ุจูุนุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆูŠู†ุชู‚ู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:26:59,030 --> 00:27:03,270
1523
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆูŠู„ูˆุซู‡ุง ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุณุงุช ุฃูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:27:03,270 --> 00:27:06,570
1527
+ ุงู„ุดูุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† non
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:27:06,570 --> 00:27:12,030
1531
+ -sterile ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŸุนุดุงู† ูŠู…ู†ุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:27:12,030 --> 00:27:16,890
1535
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุบุฑูุฉ transient ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุช ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุจุฑุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:27:16,890 --> 00:27:19,930
1539
+ ูƒุทุจูŠุจ ุงูˆ nurse ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุชู…ุงู…
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:27:19,930 --> 00:27:24,510
1543
+ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจุญุฐุงุฆู‡ ุจูŠู„ุจุณูˆุง ุญุฐุงุก ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠู ุงู„ุดุงุฑุน
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:27:25,460 --> 00:27:29,460
1547
+ ุจูŠุฎู„ุน ุญุฐุงุกู‡ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุญุฐุงุก
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:27:29,460 --> 00:27:32,760
1551
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุฃุญุฐูŠุฉ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:37,600
1555
+ disposable ุจูŠู„ุจุณู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุบุทู‰ ู„ู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจูŠู„ุจุณ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุบุทู‰
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:41,660
1559
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฐุงุก ูˆ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุน ุชุญุณูŠู†
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:46,280
1563
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ sterilization ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… disposables ู„ู…ุฑุฉ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:27:46,280 --> 00:27:50,870
1567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉู‚ู„ู‘ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tetanus ุชุจุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:27:50,870 --> 00:27:53,350
1571
+ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:27:53,350 --> 00:27:57,030
1575
+ tetanus neonatal ูˆู„ุง tetanus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ adults
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:27:57,030 --> 00:28:02,710
1579
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงู„ุฉ tetanus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฎูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:02,710 --> 00:28:07,530
1583
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ violent spasm ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑู
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:07,530 --> 00:28:13,150
1587
+ C ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡it is completely rigid ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:28:13,150 --> 00:28:16,770
1591
+ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุชุตู„ุจ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุณู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ asbestic
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:28:16,770 --> 00:28:20,750
1595
+ paralysis ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:28:20,750 --> 00:28:24,950
1599
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก he cannot breast feed or open his mouth
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:28:24,950 --> 00:28:28,410
1603
+ because his the muscle in his face have become so
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:28:28,410 --> 00:28:32,190
1607
+ tight ุฎู„ุงุต ู„ุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฑุถุน ูˆู„ุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ูุทุจุนุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:28:32,190 --> 00:28:35,270
1611
+ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ูˆู„ู‡ tube ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุช ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ feeding
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:28:35,270 --> 00:28:36,490
1615
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:28:38,900 --> 00:28:41,420
1619
+ morphology ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง it is ground boosted
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:28:41,420 --> 00:28:44,680
1623
+ anaerobic ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุทุนูŠ with peritricous flagella
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:28:44,680 --> 00:28:48,720
1627
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุทุนูŠ with peritricous flagella
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:52,820
1631
+ terminal rounded spore ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:28:52,820 --> 00:28:58,260
1635
+ ุงู„ุตูุชูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ู… hallmark ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:28:58,970 --> 00:29:03,290
1639
+ large ุจุณ ุงู„ lie ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ sport ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:29:03,290 --> 00:29:07,030
1643
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง drum stick appearance ุฒูŠ ุนุตุงุช ุงู„ุทุจู„ ุฒูŠ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:29:07,030 --> 00:29:12,430
1647
+ ุนุตุงุช ุงู„ุทุจู„ drum stick appearance ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:29:12,430 --> 00:29:15,190
1651
+ ู‡ูŠ .. ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูู„ุงุฌู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุณุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด?
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:29:15,650 --> 00:29:17,410
1655
+ Piri, Trikas, Flagelle
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:29:22,540 --> 00:29:24,980
1659
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ drumstick ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุดูŠุฑู‡ุง ุจุณ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:29:24,980 --> 00:29:29,200
1663
+ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุชุจุน ุงู„ powerpoint media of choice any
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:32,020
1667
+ medium with thioglycolate under anaerobic
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:29:32,020 --> 00:29:36,120
1671
+ condition ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆุณุท ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ thioglycolate ุชุญุช
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:29:36,120 --> 00:29:40,400
1675
+ ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ู…ู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุงุท ูˆ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:29:40,400 --> 00:29:45,200
1679
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง cooked meat media ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ุญู…
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:48,760
1683
+ ุงู„ู…ุทุจูˆุฎ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ุญู… ุงู„ู…ุทุจูˆุฎ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุจุชูุถู„ ู‡ูŠ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:51,810
1687
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:29:51,810 --> 00:29:52,030
1691
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:29:52,030 --> 00:29:53,630
1695
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:29:53,630 --> 00:29:53,630
1699
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:29:53,630 --> 00:29:53,630
1703
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:29:53,630 --> 00:29:53,690
1707
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:29:53,690 --> 00:29:53,690
1711
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:29:53,690 --> 00:29:53,690
1715
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:29:53,690 --> 00:29:53,710
1719
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:29:53,710 --> 00:29:53,710
1723
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:29:53,710 --> 00:29:53,710
1727
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:29:53,710 --> 00:29:53,710
1731
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:29:53,710 --> 00:29:53,710
1735
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:29:53,710 --> 00:30:03,690
1739
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ุช ูุถู„
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:30:05,400 --> 00:30:09,200
1743
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ sports ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุตุจูˆุบุฉ ุฅุฐุง
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:13,620
1747
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:16,580
1751
+ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุตุจูˆุบุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:30:16,580 --> 00:30:18,460
1755
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุงูƒุงู† ู…ูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:30:18,460 --> 00:30:22,760
1759
+ ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ gram stain ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:30:22,760 --> 00:30:26,080
1763
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุฑุบุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ sport ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุจุงู„
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:30:26,080 --> 00:30:31,320
1767
+ gram stain ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุนุตุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุตุจูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:30:31,320 --> 00:30:36,010
1771
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ .. ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุจุณ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:30:36,010 --> 00:30:39,430
1775
+ ุงู„ู€Lye ูˆ ุงู„ู€Spores ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ GramุŒ Stain ูˆ ู…ุด
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:30:39,430 --> 00:30:43,090
1779
+ ู…ุตุจูˆุบุฉ ู„ู€Spores ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู‡ุงู„ูˆ StructureุŒ ู‡ุงู„ูˆ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:30:43,090 --> 00:30:48,370
1783
+ Structure ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ู„ู„ู€Pathogenesis of Tetanus it
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:30:48,370 --> 00:30:51,470
1787
+ occurs in traumatic open wounds contaminated with
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:30:51,470 --> 00:30:58,690
1791
+ soil ุฅุฐู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุญุฏูˆุซุฉ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† TraumaุŒ ุฌุฑูˆุญุŒ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:30:58,690 --> 00:31:02,250
1795
+ accident ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุฌุนู„
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:31:02,250 --> 00:31:02,850
1799
+ Motorcycle
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:31:07,670 --> 00:31:08,710
1803
+ ุจุชุฌุฑุญุŒ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:31:08,710 --> 00:31:09,490
1807
+ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:31:09,490 --> 00:31:09,510
1811
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:31:09,510 --> 00:31:09,550
1815
+ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:31:09,550 --> 00:31:09,650
1819
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:31:09,650 --> 00:31:09,770
1823
+ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:31:09,770 --> 00:31:09,790
1827
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:31:09,790 --> 00:31:16,370
1831
+ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:31:16,370 --> 00:31:22,510
1835
+ ุจุชู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ุฌุฑุญู‡ ุจุชู„retrograde ูƒู„ู…ุฉ retrograde ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:31:22,510 --> 00:31:27,030
1839
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ to spinal cord binds
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:31:27,030 --> 00:31:30,490
1843
+ to gangliocyte receptors of anterior horn cells
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:31:30,490 --> 00:31:33,930
1847
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„ release of inhibitory
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:31:33,930 --> 00:31:36,450
1851
+ mediators ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ glycine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:31:36,450 --> 00:31:41,230
1855
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„acetylcholine continuous
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:31:41,230 --> 00:31:46,350
1859
+ excitement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุซุงุฑุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู„ motor
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:31:46,350 --> 00:31:52,780
1863
+ neuron ูˆุณูŠู†ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ muscle spasmุงู„organism does
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:31:52,780 --> 00:31:56,740
1867
+ not spreadุŒ it is localizedุŒ no tissue damageุŒ
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:31:56,740 --> 00:32:00,180
1871
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุด destruction ู„ู„ู†ุณูŠุฌุŒ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:32:00,180 --> 00:32:04,640
1875
+ destroyed ูƒุงู† ู†ุงุฏู‰ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ no invasion of
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:09,120
1879
+ adjacent tissueุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุบุฒูˆุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูŠู†ุทุจู‚
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:32:09,120 --> 00:32:14,620
1883
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง localized ุฃูˆ local infectionTreatment ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:32:14,620 --> 00:32:16,840
1887
+ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ disease is a life-threatening
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:32:16,840 --> 00:32:23,420
1891
+ disease ูˆ treatment consist of two steps ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:32:23,420 --> 00:32:26,620
1895
+ patient is given antibiotics to kill the bacteria
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:32:26,620 --> 00:32:30,380
1899
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antibiotic ุงู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† metronidazole ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:32:30,380 --> 00:32:34,700
1903
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ู‡ ุจุงุณู… ูู„ุงุฌูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุถุฏ ุงู„
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:32:34,700 --> 00:32:39,460
1907
+ protozoa ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณูˆู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุฏู†ุงู† ุงู„ protozoa
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:32:40,970 --> 00:32:44,510
1911
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูู‚ุท
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:32:44,510 --> 00:32:48,570
1915
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชุฒูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ุจู†ุณู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:32:48,570 --> 00:32:52,630
1919
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุตุนุจ injection of
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:32:52,630 --> 00:32:57,530
1923
+ antitoxin are also given ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูˆุชูƒุณูŠู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:32:57,530 --> 00:33:04,150
1927
+ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠุจูˆู‡ุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุณ ุงู†ุตุงุจูˆุง ุจุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ ูˆุฃูˆู„ุฌูˆุง
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:33:04,150 --> 00:33:10,230
1931
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุณูŠุฑู… ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุณูŠุฑู…ูˆุจุนู…ู„ู‡ pooling
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:33:10,230 --> 00:33:13,770
1935
+ ู…ู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุจุนู…ู„ู‡ pooling ูˆุจูŠุนุทูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:33:13,770 --> 00:33:18,010
1939
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงูˆ ูƒู… ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ antitoxins ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:33:18,010 --> 00:33:23,050
1943
+ ุงู„ antitoxin ู‡ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุงู† ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:33:23,050 --> 00:33:26,430
1947
+ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุณ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:33:26,430 --> 00:33:33,230
1951
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠู‚ุฏ ู†ู†ุฌุญ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ูƒู†
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:33:33,230 --> 00:33:37,410
1955
+ ู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ู†ู†ุฌุญ ููŠ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:33:37,410 --> 00:33:42,610
1959
+ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ toxin production ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:33:42,610 --> 00:33:46,550
1963
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ neutralization ู„ู„ toxin ู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุณู ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:33:46,550 --> 00:33:51,490
1967
+ ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ toxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ already bound ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:33:51,490 --> 00:33:54,170
1971
+ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ strategy ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู…
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:33:54,170 --> 00:33:56,090
1975
+ ุชูƒูˆู† prevention ูˆู„ูŠุณ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:33:59,410 --> 00:34:02,530
1979
+ ุงู„ู€ Antitoxin is a substanceุŒ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ูู‚ุท ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:34:02,530 --> 00:34:04,530
1983
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนุฑููŠู† ุดูˆ ุงู„ substance ู‡ุฏุงุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:34:04,530 --> 00:34:07,590
1987
+ ุนู† antibodyุŒ that reacts with and destroy the
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:34:07,590 --> 00:34:11,350
1991
+ toxin. Patient may also need medication to control
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:34:11,350 --> 00:34:14,130
1995
+ muscle spasmุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุญุชู‰ ูŠุฎูููˆุง
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:34:14,130 --> 00:34:18,430
1999
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ู‚ุจุงุถุงุชุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช. In severe cases,
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:34:18,910 --> 00:34:21,450
2003
+ patients may have to be placed on artificial
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:34:21,450 --> 00:34:25,210
2007
+ respiration. ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:34:25,210 --> 00:34:29,190
2011
+ failure ููŠ ุงู„ respiratory system.ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:34:29,190 --> 00:34:34,870
2015
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ููŠ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชู†ูุณ ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชู†ูุณ ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ุจุชุฌูˆู…
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:34:34,870 --> 00:34:39,890
2019
+ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฒูุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุบุตุจ ุนู†ู‡ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:34:39,890 --> 00:34:44,030
2023
+ muscle ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุนููˆุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ paralysis ููŠ ุงู„
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:34:44,030 --> 00:34:48,710
2027
+ lungs ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ recovery takes
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:34:48,710 --> 00:34:52,470
2031
+ six weeks ุญูˆุงู„ ุดู‡ุฑ ูˆ ู†ุต or more after patient is
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:34:52,470 --> 00:34:56,570
2035
+ .. is .. is bitter ุงูˆ ุชุญุณู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ he or she should
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:34:56,570 --> 00:34:59,770
2039
+ receive the tetanus vaccine to protect against
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:34:59,770 --> 00:35:02,810
2043
+ future .. future episodes of the disease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:35:02,810 --> 00:35:05,650
2047
+ ุจุนุฏ .. ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุดูุงุก ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ vaccination
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:14,540
2051
+ ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู„ ุงู„ immunization
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:35:14,540 --> 00:35:18,440
2055
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ููŠู†ุง ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจู†ุนุทูŠ passive immunity ูˆ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:20,580
2059
+ active immunity ุงู„ vaccine ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ active
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:35:20,580 --> 00:35:23,820
2063
+ immunization ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ antitoxin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:35:23,820 --> 00:35:26,260
2067
+ antibodies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ passive ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ immunization
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:35:26,260 --> 00:35:29,600
2071
+ ุจุณ ู…ุด vaccination ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ vaccine ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:30,500
2075
+ antitoxide
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:35:33,170 --> 00:35:36,470
2079
+ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุญูˆู„ู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชูˆูƒุณุงูŠุฏ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:35:36,470 --> 00:35:40,290
2083
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูˆุชูƒุณูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุจุฑุง ูˆุงุทู…ุงุทูŠู‡ุง
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:35:40,290 --> 00:35:48,670
2087
+ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ vaccines ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„DPT
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:35:48,670 --> 00:35:56,840
2091
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ DTP ุงูˆ ุงู„DPT ูˆููŠ ุงุตู„ุง ุงู„ุงู† ููŠู†ุง DTAPูˆุงุญุฏ
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:35:56,840 --> 00:36:02,540
2095
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ D T A P ุนู…ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ T ู‡ูŠ ู„ุชุชุงู†ูˆุณ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:36:02,540 --> 00:36:08,640
2099
+ ูˆ ุงู„ D ู„ุฏูุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ P ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† A P ูˆ ู„ุง P ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:36:08,640 --> 00:36:14,380
2103
+ ู„ู„ุจุฑุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:36:14,380 --> 00:36:16,780
2107
+ ุงู„ vaccine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุชูˆู‡ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุตุบุงุฑ ู…ูŠุฑุงู„ุง ูˆ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:36:16,780 --> 00:36:20,320
2111
+ ู…ุงุชูƒุฑุงู„ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู„ุฒู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:22,920
2115
+ booster dose ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ booster doseุŸ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:36:30,020 --> 00:36:34,060
2119
+ ูุงูƒุฏูˆุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฏุณุชุงู†ุชูˆ ุญุชู‰
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:36:34,060 --> 00:36:36,180
2123
+ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุด ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:36:36,180 --> 00:36:39,580
2127
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ response ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ู„
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:36:39,580 --> 00:36:44,000
2131
+ antigen ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ zero
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:47,340
2135
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:36:47,340 --> 00:36:51,580
2139
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงุฏ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ zero ุตุญุŸ ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:36:51,580 --> 00:36:57,460
2143
+ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุญุท ูุชุฑุฉ ุฒู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:36:57,460 --> 00:37:03,510
2147
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ time ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ concentration ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุธู‡ูˆุฑู‡
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:37:03,510 --> 00:37:10,310
2151
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ูŠูˆู…
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:16,520
2155
+ ู…ู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู†ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฏุฎู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:20,440
2159
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:23,040
2163
+ antibody ู…ุง ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฏุฎูˆู„
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:37:23,040 --> 00:37:26,980
2167
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ time ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุฃู†ู‡ุง antibody ูˆ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:37:26,980 --> 00:37:29,680
2171
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ primary response it takes time ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:32,960
2175
+ secondary response it takes no time ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:37:32,960 --> 00:37:37,020
2179
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ memory cells
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:37:38,360 --> 00:37:40,760
2183
+ ูุงู„secondary response ูุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนุทูŠ poster ุฏูˆุณ
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:37:40,760 --> 00:37:44,320
2187
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุจุณ ุจู†ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ุด ุจู† ..
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:37:44,320 --> 00:37:47,840
2191
+ ุจู†ุนู„ู…ู‡ ู„ุฃ ุจู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:37:47,840 --> 00:37:49,040
2195
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:59,460
2199
+ also should receive a vaccine to prevent neonatal
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:37:59,460 --> 00:38:03,200
2203
+ tetanus for their babies during cutting the
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:38:03,200 --> 00:38:07,640
2207
+ umbilical cord ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู„ practice ู‡ุฏุง is no longer
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:38:07,640 --> 00:38:11,280
2211
+ used in palestine ู…ุงุนู†ุฏูŠุด ููƒุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู‡ู„ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ูˆุง
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:15,020
2215
+ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงูˆ ุจุทู„ูˆุง ูˆ ุงูˆู‚ููˆุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ุจุณ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ู…
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:38:15,020 --> 00:38:17,640
2219
+ ูˆู‚ููˆุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ make sure that wounds are
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:38:17,640 --> 00:38:21,490
2223
+ thoroughly cleaned ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู…
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:38:21,490 --> 00:38:25,450
2227
+ ุจุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉุŒ a wound should also be
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:38:25,450 --> 00:38:28,010
2231
+ treated with antibiotic cream and covered with
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:38:28,010 --> 00:38:31,090
2235
+ bandageุŒ ู…ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆ ู…ุทุฑูˆู‚ุŒ wounds that do
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:38:31,090 --> 00:38:35,090
2239
+ not heal should be examined by a doctorุŒ ุฃูŠ ุฌุฑูˆุญ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:38:35,090 --> 00:38:43,630
2243
+ ุทูˆู„ ุดูุงุกู‡ should be examined by a physicianุงู„ุตู†ู
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:38:43,630 --> 00:38:47,690
2247
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎู„ุณุชุฑุฏูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุณู…
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:38:47,690 --> 00:38:53,650
2251
+ ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎู„ุณุชุฑุฏium perfringens it causes a
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:38:53,650 --> 00:38:57,230
2255
+ wide variety of infections ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุดู‡ูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:38:57,230 --> 00:39:01,950
2259
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ู…ุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ gas gangrene
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:39:01,950 --> 00:39:08,050
2263
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถ ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู…ุฎูŠู ุงู„ุบุฑุบุฑูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒูŠุฉุทูŠุจ
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:39:08,050 --> 00:39:11,990
2267
+ wound infection ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู†ุฏูŠุฌูŠุงุฒ ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู†
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:39:11,990 --> 00:39:16,410
2271
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจ wound infection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:39:16,410 --> 00:39:25,650
2275
+ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุตุงุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุฑุญู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุฎุทูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง necrotizing
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:39:25,650 --> 00:39:30,870
2279
+ degenitis ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุบุฑุบุฑูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑุบุฑูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:39:30,870 --> 00:39:36,940
2283
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุฌุฑู†ุฌูˆุงู† ูˆ ุบุฑุบุฑูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุกุฑู‚ู…
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:39:36,940 --> 00:39:40,840
2287
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุง ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ food microbiology food poisoning
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:39:40,840 --> 00:39:44,780
2291
+ food poisoning ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ food poisoning ุฎู…ุณุฉ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:39:44,780 --> 00:39:47,600
2295
+ meningitis ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:39:47,600 --> 00:39:50,400
2299
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ food poisoning ุจุงู„ูุนู„ because by
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:53,340
2303
+ clostridium peripheral is a very simple condition
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:39:53,340 --> 00:39:58,800
2307
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุŸ gas, necrotizing, food poisoning ูˆ
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:39:58,800 --> 00:40:02,620
2311
+ meningitis ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุจุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุขู† ุดูˆููˆุง
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:40:02,620 --> 00:40:04,960
2315
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ gas gangrene
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:40:07,930 --> 00:40:14,270
2319
+ ุชุนุฑู ุงู„ุฎุจุฒ ู„ู…ุง ุจู† .. ุจู† .. ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฌูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุนุฑุถู‡
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:40:14,270 --> 00:40:17,390
2323
+ ู„ู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุด ุจู†ุชูุฎุŸ ุจู†ุชูุฎ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:40:17,390 --> 00:40:21,510
2327
+ ุงู†ุฌุณู… ู†ุตูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูˆ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู†
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:40:21,510 --> 00:40:26,150
2331
+ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ุจูŠุญุจุด ูŠู†ุญุดุฑ ููŠ
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:40:26,150 --> 00:40:29,750
2335
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆ ูŠู†ุถุบุท ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ูุฅุฐุง ุงุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุถุบุท ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุญุจ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:40:29,750 --> 00:40:34,110
2339
+ ุฏูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุถุนู ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู…ุฏุฏ
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:40:34,110 --> 00:40:38,370
2343
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจุชู…ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจูุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจูุนู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:40:38,370 --> 00:40:48,190
2347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆุง ุนุถู„ุงุชูˆ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ูˆ
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:40:48,190 --> 00:40:51,330
2351
+ ุชูƒุงุซุฑู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ fermentation ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:40:51,330 --> 00:40:55,370
2355
+ ุบุงุฒ ุงุธู† ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ triple sugar iron
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:40:55,370 --> 00:40:59,350
2359
+ agar ุฑุงูุน ููˆู‚ ุงู‡ ู„ุงู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:40:59,350 --> 00:41:04,600
2363
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉูู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠุชู†ุชุฌ ุบุงุฒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:41:04,600 --> 00:41:09,900
2367
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู‡ุฑุจ ูุจูŠู‡ุฑุจ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:41:09,900 --> 00:41:16,800
2371
+ ุณุงู„ูƒุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู‡ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจู†ุญุดุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุบุท
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:20,700
2375
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุบุท ุชุฎูŠู„ ู„ูˆ ุนุถู„ุชูŠู† ุฌุงู† ุจุนุถ ูˆูุณุฎู‡ู… ุนู† ุจุนุถ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:41:20,700 --> 00:41:27,120
2379
+ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุดุจูƒุฉ ุดุนูŠุฑุงุช ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉูˆ
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:41:27,120 --> 00:41:30,740
2383
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุชุชุฎู„ู‰ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:41:30,740 --> 00:41:33,980
2387
+ ูƒุชู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง necrosis
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:41,560
2391
+ NecrosisุŒ ู…ูˆุชุŒ ู„ุญู…ุฉ ู…ูŠุชุฉุŒ ู„ุญู…ุฉ ู…ูŠุชุฉุŒ ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:41:41,560 --> 00:41:44,200
2395
+ .. ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:41:44,200 --> 00:41:47,900
2399
+ ุฌุฏุง ูู‡ุชุชูƒุงุฑุช ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:41:47,900 --> 00:41:51,100
2403
+ ู‡ุง ุฏู‰ skeletal muscle ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุฏู‡ .. ุฏู‡
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:41:51,100 --> 00:41:53,860
2407
+ .. ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ locomotion ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:41:53,860 --> 00:41:58,520
2411
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู† ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงุฑุฌุนู‡ุง
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:41:58,520 --> 00:42:02,240
2415
+ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉูˆู„ู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู†ุตุฑ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:42:02,240 --> 00:42:07,700
2419
+ ุฃู†ู‡ betterู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ ุงูˆ ุงูˆ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุฃู„ุทู removal ุฃูˆ
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:42:07,700 --> 00:42:11,320
2423
+ surgical removal of revitalized tissue ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:42:11,320 --> 00:42:16,240
2427
+ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญูŠ ู„ุฅุฒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุขุฎุฑ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:42:16,240 --> 00:42:18,600
2431
+ ุนู† ุงู„ better ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุขุฎุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ better
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:42:21,530 --> 00:42:26,590
2435
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ู†ุนู… ู„ู…ุง ุณู†ุฏู‡ ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุณ ู…ุด ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู† ุบุงุฒูŠุฉ
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:42:26,590 --> 00:42:31,790
2439
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ necrosis ุชู…ุงู… ุงูˆ ู…ูˆุช
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:42:31,790 --> 00:42:37,550
2443
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฌุนู„ ุนู† ู†ู‚ุต ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:42:37,550 --> 00:42:41,630
2447
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุณุจุจู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุชุณุฆู„ู‡ ุฃุณุจุงุจ
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:42:41,630 --> 00:42:42,830
2451
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:42:45,860 --> 00:42:49,780
2455
+ ูˆูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ุฌู†ุง ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ gas gangrene
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:42:49,780 --> 00:42:53,800
2459
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุบุงุฑูŠ ุบุงุฑูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุจุจู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู…ุฏุงู…
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:42:53,800 --> 00:42:56,700
2463
+ ุณุจุจู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุจู†ุฌุฑูŠ ู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจุงู„ antibioticุŒ
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:42:56,700 --> 00:43:00,560
2467
+ ุงู‡ ู„ุฃ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุฏุงู… antibiotic ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ..
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:43:00,560 --> 00:43:03,460
2471
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุดุบู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bacteria
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:43:03,460 --> 00:43:07,380
2475
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ sperm formerุŸ sperm formerุŒ
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:43:07,380 --> 00:43:09,500
2479
+ ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูˆ ุญุงุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ antibioticุŒ okay
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:43:09,500 --> 00:43:13,530
2483
+ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุชุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู‘ู„ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸุดูŠู„
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:43:13,530 --> 00:43:17,250
2487
+ ุงู„ antibiotic ู‡ุชุฑุฌุน ุงู„ endospor ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฐุง ุนู…ู„ุชูŠ
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:43:17,250 --> 00:43:21,730
2491
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ูˆ ู…ู†
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:43:21,730 --> 00:43:25,470
2495
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:43:25,470 --> 00:43:30,830
2499
+ prevention is all important proper care ู…ุฏุงู… ุงู„
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:43:30,830 --> 00:43:33,970
2503
+ gas ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู† ุจุฏุฃ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจ wound infection ูŠุจุฌู‰ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู…
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:43:33,970 --> 00:43:38,930
2507
+ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸุนู† ุฌุงุฒ ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุนู…ู„ proper wound
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:43:38,930 --> 00:43:43,890
2511
+ caring ู„ู„ุฌุฑูˆุญ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณุชู…ู†ุน ุจุงู„ุฑุณุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:43:43,890 --> 00:43:48,310
2515
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงุฒ ุฌุงู†ุฌุฑูŠู† ูŠูƒููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู†ุดุงุก
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:43:48,310 --> 00:43:49,250
2519
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
2520
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/ymegUm0UB7c.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1870 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ 1
3
+ 00:00:20,210 --> 00:00:24,250
4
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
5
+
6
+ 2
7
+ 00:00:24,250 --> 00:00:27,710
8
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ gram negative ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅุทุงุฑ
9
+
10
+ 3
11
+ 00:00:27,710 --> 00:00:31,650
12
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง. ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจู€ ุฃูŠ
13
+
14
+ 4
15
+ 00:00:31,650 --> 00:00:39,290
16
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Francisella
17
+
18
+ 5
19
+ 00:00:39,290 --> 00:00:43,770
20
+ tolerancesุŒ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† HemophilusุŒ ูˆู‡ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
21
+
22
+ 6
23
+ 00:00:43,770 --> 00:00:45,790
24
+ BordetellaุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
25
+
26
+ 7
27
+ 00:00:45,790 --> 00:00:50,800
28
+ ุงู„ู€ Legionella. ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู€ Hemophilus. ุจุฏูŠ
29
+
30
+ 8
31
+ 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:53,780
32
+ ุฃุทู„ุน ุจุณ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู…ุŒ ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‚ุฏุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง.
33
+
34
+ 9
35
+ 00:00:53,780 --> 00:00:56,960
36
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุนุจุฑุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง gram
37
+
38
+ 10
39
+ 00:00:56,960 --> 00:01:01,000
40
+ negativeุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง filamentous
41
+
42
+ 11
43
+ 00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:05,310
44
+ formsุŒ filamentous ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎูŠุทูŠุฉ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฑุงู‡ุง ููŠ
45
+
46
+ 12
47
+ 00:01:05,310 --> 00:01:09,570
48
+ ุงู„ู€ HemophilusุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
49
+
50
+ 13
51
+ 00:01:09,570 --> 00:01:13,130
52
+ Hemophilus. ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
53
+
54
+ 14
55
+ 00:01:13,130 --> 00:01:18,170
56
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุงุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Hemophilus ููŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
57
+
58
+ 15
59
+ 00:01:18,170 --> 00:01:21,730
60
+ ุจู‡ุง ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุจุบูŠุฑู‡ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง gram variableุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
61
+
62
+ 16
63
+ 00:01:21,730 --> 00:01:25,250
64
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชุตุจุญ gram positive ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุตุจุญ gram negative. ู‡ุฐู‡
65
+
66
+ 17
67
+ 00:01:25,250 --> 00:01:28,870
68
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ
69
+
70
+ 18
71
+ 00:01:28,870 --> 00:01:32,210
72
+ gram positive ูˆู„ุง gram negative. ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตูุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
73
+
74
+ 19
75
+ 00:01:32,210 --> 00:01:36,830
76
+ ู†ู„ุตู‚ู‡ุง ุจู€ Hemophilus influenza ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ its
77
+
78
+ 20
79
+ 00:01:36,830 --> 00:01:40,210
80
+ requirement for X and V factors. ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒู… ููŠ
81
+
82
+ 21
83
+ 00:01:40,210 --> 00:01:47,330
84
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุฏุฑุณุชูˆู‡. ูุงู„ู€ X and V factor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
85
+
86
+ 22
87
+ 00:01:47,330 --> 00:01:50,450
88
+ requirement ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
89
+
90
+ 23
91
+ 00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:57,490
92
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ chocolate agar. ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
93
+
94
+ 24
95
+ 00:01:57,490 --> 00:02:00,930
96
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ species ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ:
97
+
98
+ 25
99
+ 00:02:00,930 --> 00:02:03,650
100
+ Hemophilus influenzaุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ biotype B ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ most
101
+
102
+ 26
103
+ 00:02:03,650 --> 00:02:07,490
104
+ important among the Hemophilus influenza. ุนู†ุฏูŠ
105
+
106
+ 27
107
+ 00:02:07,490 --> 00:02:11,150
108
+ Hemophilus para influenza, Hemophilus hemolyticus,
109
+
110
+ 28
111
+ 00:02:11,650 --> 00:02:16,690
112
+ Hemophilus ducreyi, Hemophilus aphrophilusุŒ ูˆ
113
+
114
+ 29
115
+ 00:02:16,690 --> 00:02:27,910
116
+ Hemophilus para-aphrophilusุŒ ูˆHemophilus
117
+
118
+ 30
119
+ 00:02:27,910 --> 00:02:30,450
120
+ aegypticusุŒ ูˆHemophilus aegyptius
121
+
122
+ 31
123
+ 00:02:38,620 --> 00:02:41,140
124
+ Hemophilus influenza, Hemophilus para influenza,
125
+
126
+ 32
127
+ 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:44,520
128
+ Hemophilus hemolyticus, Hemophilus ducreyi,
129
+
130
+ 33
131
+ 00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:48,420
132
+ Hemophilus aphrophilus, Hemophilus para aphrophilus,
133
+
134
+ 34
135
+ 00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:54,030
136
+ Hemophilus aegyptius and Hemophilus aegyptius.ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
137
+
138
+ 35
139
+ 00:02:54,030 --> 00:02:57,990
140
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุจุณู„ุงูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
141
+
142
+ 36
143
+ 00:02:57,990 --> 00:03:02,410
144
+ pleomorphicุŒ ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ pleomorphic ู‚ุฏ ุชุชุฎุฐ ุดูƒู„ุงุช
145
+
146
+ 37
147
+ 00:03:02,410 --> 00:03:03,630
148
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
149
+
150
+ 38
151
+ 00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:17,120
152
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ cell wall ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
153
+
154
+ 39
155
+ 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:22,100
156
+ gram negative cell wallุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ outer membraneุŒ ูˆ
157
+
158
+ 40
159
+ 00:03:22,100 --> 00:03:28,800
160
+ ุงู„ู€ peptidoglycan layerุŒ ููŠู‡ ููŠู‡ single layer of
161
+
162
+ 41
163
+ 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:33,570
164
+ peptidoglycan. ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ gram variableุŸ ู‡ุฃุชูƒู„ู…
165
+
166
+ 42
167
+ 00:03:33,570 --> 00:03:36,790
168
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹. facultative anaerobicุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹
169
+
170
+ 43
171
+ 00:03:36,790 --> 00:03:41,550
172
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุชูุณูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ
173
+
174
+ 44
175
+ 00:03:41,550 --> 00:03:44,750
176
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ gram
177
+
178
+ 45
179
+ 00:03:44,750 --> 00:03:49,220
180
+ variable. facultative anaerobic, requires CO2 for
181
+
182
+ 46
183
+ 00:03:49,220 --> 00:03:52,740
184
+ growthุŒ requires growth factors ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง X
185
+
186
+ 47
187
+ 00:03:52,740 --> 00:03:56,760
188
+ and V factor. ูˆุงู„ู€ X ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ V ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ
189
+
190
+ 48
191
+ 00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:00,840
192
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
193
+
194
+ 49
195
+ 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:05,680
196
+ ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง. may be capsulated or non-
197
+
198
+ 50
199
+ 00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:07,440
200
+ capsulatedุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฃูƒู„ู‡ุง capsuleุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู†
201
+
202
+ 51
203
+ 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:10,820
204
+ ู…ุง ูŠุฃูƒู„ู‡ุงุด capsule. ูˆุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€
205
+
206
+ 52
207
+ 00:04:10,820 --> 00:04:14,040
208
+ characteristics ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง. ุฃุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€
209
+
210
+ 53
211
+ 00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:18,300
212
+ Hemophilus influenza are capsulatedุŒ ูˆbased on
213
+
214
+ 54
215
+ 00:04:18,300 --> 00:04:21,540
216
+ their capsuleุŒ they are classified into serotypes
217
+
218
+ 55
219
+ 00:04:21,540 --> 00:04:27,460
220
+ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ vaccines ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„
221
+
222
+ 56
223
+ 00:04:27,460 --> 00:04:32,300
224
+ vaccineุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌู…ุน ู„ู„ู€ common serotypes ููŠ
225
+
226
+ 57
227
+ 00:04:32,300 --> 00:04:38,770
228
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ vaccine ุฎุงุต ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช
229
+
230
+ 58
231
+ 00:04:38,770 --> 00:04:42,790
232
+ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Epidemiology ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ู„ู€ Hemophilus
233
+
234
+ 59
235
+ 00:04:42,790 --> 00:04:47,370
236
+ Influenza. ูˆุญู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒู… ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ู†ุตูู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง
237
+
238
+ 60
239
+ 00:04:47,370 --> 00:04:51,130
240
+ number one cause of meningitis in young children.
241
+
242
+ 61
243
+ 00:04:51,130 --> 00:04:55,490
244
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎุชุฑุน ุฃูˆ ู†ุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ vaccine. ูู„ู…ุง
245
+
246
+ 62
247
+ 00:04:55,490 --> 00:04:59,170
248
+ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู€ vaccineุŒ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
249
+
250
+ 63
251
+ 00:04:59,170 --> 00:05:02,090
252
+ ู‚ู„ุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช number oneุŒ ุตุงุฑุช number three ุฃูˆ
253
+
254
+ 64
255
+ 00:05:02,090 --> 00:05:07,300
256
+ four ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุณุจุจ ู…ู‡ู… ู…ู†
257
+
258
+ 65
259
+ 00:05:07,300 --> 00:05:11,640
260
+ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€ meningitis. most strains are... ุฅู† ุฏูˆู„ ุจูุณุทุฉ
261
+
262
+ 66
263
+ 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:14,220
264
+ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ characteristics:
265
+
266
+ 67
267
+ 00:05:14,220 --> 00:05:19,900
268
+ gram negative smallุŒ ุจุณู„ูŠุฉุŒ polymorphicุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…
269
+
270
+ 68
271
+ 00:05:19,900 --> 00:05:23,060
272
+ reaction ุชุจุนู‡ุง variableุŒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ facultative anaerobicุŒ
273
+
274
+ 69
275
+ 00:05:23,060 --> 00:05:26,400
276
+ require CO2ุŒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ requirement ู„ู„ู€ X and V factor.
277
+
278
+ 70
279
+ 00:05:26,400 --> 00:05:29,540
280
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Hemophilus.
281
+
282
+ 71
283
+ 00:05:29,540 --> 00:05:36,850
284
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…: ุจุชุทู„ุจ XุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุจ VุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุจ ุงุซู†ูŠู† X and V
285
+
286
+ 72
287
+ 00:05:36,850 --> 00:05:40,010
288
+ factors. ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† encapsulatedุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด
289
+
290
+ 73
291
+ 00:05:40,010 --> 00:05:43,850
292
+ encapsulatedุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† indole positive. ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
293
+
294
+ 74
295
+ 00:05:43,850 --> 00:05:46,710
296
+ ู„ู€ Hemophilus influenza pathogenicity.
297
+
298
+ 75
299
+ 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:50,760
300
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ... ุงู„ุชูŠ... ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง
301
+
302
+ 76
303
+ 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:53,860
304
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุณูู†ุงู‡ุง: it is the most common
305
+
306
+ 77
307
+ 00:05:53,860 --> 00:05:58,360
308
+ etiologic agent of acute bacterial meningitis in
309
+
310
+ 78
311
+ 00:05:58,360 --> 00:06:01,340
312
+ young children. ุทุจ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
313
+
314
+ 79
315
+ 00:06:01,340 --> 00:06:06,580
316
+ ุจุทู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุจุทู„ ุตุญูŠุญ. ุฅุฐุง ู†ุฒู„ุช ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชุฏู†ูŠุฉ. ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง
317
+
318
+ 80
319
+ 00:06:06,580 --> 00:06:10,900
320
+ ูŠู†ูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุทุจู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุญุŒ ุฃู†ู‡
321
+
322
+ 81
323
+ 00:06:10,900 --> 00:06:14,180
324
+ ู‡ูŠ still number one cause of acute bacterial
325
+
326
+ 82
327
+ 00:06:14,180 --> 00:06:18,140
328
+ meningitis in young children. ุงู„ู€ Hemophilus
329
+
330
+ 83
331
+ 00:06:18,140 --> 00:06:21,820
332
+ InfluenzaุŒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ species ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
333
+
334
+ 84
335
+ 00:06:21,820 --> 00:06:26,940
336
+ HemophilusุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ B ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…
337
+
338
+ 85
339
+ 00:06:26,940 --> 00:06:30,000
340
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Hemophilus Influenza itself.
341
+
342
+ 86
343
+ 00:06:30,910 --> 00:06:34,130
344
+ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุงู„ู€ diseases caused by this organismุŒ ู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ
345
+
346
+ 87
347
+ 00:06:34,130 --> 00:06:37,470
348
+ ุฃูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ. ุทู„ุนูˆุง: it is the most common
349
+
350
+ 88
351
+ 00:06:37,470 --> 00:06:39,630
352
+ cause of meningitis in children. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
353
+
354
+ 89
355
+ 00:06:39,630 --> 00:06:43,070
356
+ causes epiglottitisุŒ ูˆุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
357
+
358
+ 90
359
+ 00:06:43,070 --> 00:06:47,070
360
+ ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฒู…ุงุฑุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ epiglottitisุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ
361
+
362
+ 91
363
+ 00:06:47,070 --> 00:06:50,430
364
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ condition ุตุนุจุŒ ูˆ it requires ูŠุนู†ูŠ
365
+
366
+ 92
367
+ 00:06:50,430 --> 00:06:53,460
368
+ hospitalization. ูˆุฎุฐ ู…ุด ุจุณ
369
+
370
+ 93
371
+ 00:06:53,460 --> 00:07:06,180
372
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฐู† ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰.
373
+
374
+ 94
375
+ 00:07:08,070 --> 00:07:11,430
376
+ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ otitis media ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุณุจุจุงุช
377
+
378
+ 95
379
+ 00:07:11,430 --> 00:07:14,910
380
+ ุงู„ู€ meningitisุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
381
+
382
+ 96
383
+ 00:07:14,910 --> 00:07:19,550
384
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ otitis media conditionุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฐู†
385
+
386
+ 97
387
+ 00:07:19,550 --> 00:07:23,090
388
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ condition ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุณูƒูˆุช ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฑุงุฌุน
389
+
390
+ 98
391
+ 00:07:23,090 --> 00:07:29,010
392
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ. endocarditis and pericarditisุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡
393
+
394
+ 99
395
+ 00:07:29,010 --> 00:07:32,090
396
+ condition ุตุนุจ. may enter the bloodstream of women
397
+
398
+ 100
399
+ 00:07:32,090 --> 00:07:34,510
400
+ during birthุŒ causing peripheral sepsis. ู‡ูŠ ุตุฑุงุญุฉ
401
+
402
+ 101
403
+ 00:07:34,510 --> 00:07:37,630
404
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูุงุณุŒ
405
+
406
+ 102
407
+ 00:07:37,630 --> 00:07:41,170
408
+ the complication of which may threaten the life of
409
+
410
+ 103
411
+ 00:07:41,170 --> 00:07:44,300
412
+ the motherุŒ ุฃูˆ mother lifeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‡ุฏุฏ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…. Eye
413
+
414
+ 104
415
+ 00:07:44,300 --> 00:07:48,060
416
+ InfectionุŒ ูˆConjunctivitis. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู…ู†
417
+
418
+ 105
419
+ 00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:51,020
420
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ุฃู† Caused by Hemophilus
421
+
422
+ 106
423
+ 00:07:51,020 --> 00:07:55,380
424
+ InfluenzaุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุฒู„ ุฅุญู†ุง
425
+
426
+ 107
427
+ 00:07:55,380 --> 00:07:58,280
428
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Hemophilus Influenza.
429
+
430
+ 108
431
+ 00:08:02,660 --> 00:08:07,680
432
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฏุฎู„... ุขู‡ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
433
+
434
+ 109
435
+ 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:15,760
436
+ ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ
437
+
438
+ 110
439
+ 00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:18,720
440
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุนุฒู„ Hemophilus influenza ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ meningitisุŒ
441
+
442
+ 111
443
+ 00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:22,400
444
+ ููŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ effective. ูˆููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู‚ุงุญ ุซุงู†ูŠ
445
+
446
+ 112
447
+ 00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:26,460
448
+ ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€
449
+
450
+ 113
451
+ 00:08:26,460 --> 00:08:28,780
452
+ Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccineุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
453
+
454
+ 114
455
+ 00:08:28,780 --> 00:08:31,340
456
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ reduction ู„ู€ Streptococcus pneumoniae
457
+
458
+ 115
459
+ 00:08:31,340 --> 00:08:35,650
460
+ meningitis cases. ูู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏุŒ ุนุดุงู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡
461
+
462
+ 116
463
+ 00:08:35,650 --> 00:08:43,210
464
+ vaccine preventable diseases. ุฅุฐุง ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒุนุงู„ู… ู…ุชุญุถุฑ
465
+
466
+ 117
467
+ 00:08:43,210 --> 00:08:48,470
468
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุบุทูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ vaccine preventable
469
+
470
+ 118
471
+ 00:08:48,470 --> 00:08:53,110
472
+ diseases ููŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
473
+
474
+ 119
475
+ 00:08:53,110 --> 00:09:00,230
476
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is part of the
477
+
478
+ 120
479
+ 00:09:00,230 --> 00:09:02,850
480
+ normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of manุŒ
481
+
482
+ 121
483
+ 00:09:02,850 --> 00:09:06,210
484
+ ูˆ man ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ. ุงู„ู€
485
+
486
+ 122
487
+ 00:09:06,210 --> 00:09:09,090
488
+ specimensุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุงุŒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
489
+
490
+ 123
491
+ 00:09:09,090 --> 00:09:13,370
492
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุจุฏุฃ
493
+
494
+ 124
495
+ 00:09:13,370 --> 00:09:17,930
496
+ ู†ุฎุตุตู‡ุงุŒ Hemophilus ducreyiุŒ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ. ู‡ุฐู‡
497
+
498
+ 125
499
+ 00:09:17,930 --> 00:09:23,770
500
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุง ุชุณุจุจ respiratoryุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุจุชุณุจุจ STDุŒ ุฃูˆ
501
+
502
+ 126
503
+ 00:09:23,770 --> 00:09:27,290
504
+ sexually transmitted disease. microscopically smallุŒ
505
+
506
+ 127
507
+ 00:09:27,290 --> 00:09:30,350
508
+ non-motile gram negativeุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู… it may show
509
+
510
+ 128
511
+ 00:09:30,350 --> 00:09:33,910
512
+ gram variableุŒ it may show gram positiveุŒ not only
513
+
514
+ 129
515
+ 00:09:33,910 --> 00:09:42,650
516
+ gram negative. ุทูŠุจุŒ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุชู… ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู‡ ู…ู†
517
+
518
+ 130
519
+ 00:09:42,650 --> 00:09:50,810
520
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ููŠ
521
+
522
+ 131
523
+ 00:09:50,810 --> 00:09:55,150
524
+ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„. ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู†
525
+
526
+ 132
527
+ 00:09:55,150 --> 00:09:58,810
528
+ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ gram stain ุจุชุทู„ุน negativeุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
529
+
530
+ 133
531
+ 00:09:58,810 --> 00:10:03,170
532
+ culture ุจุชุทู„ุน positiveุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง burst
533
+
534
+ 134
535
+ 00:10:03,170 --> 00:10:07,290
536
+ cells ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ value of
537
+
538
+ 135
539
+ 00:10:07,290 --> 00:10:09,770
540
+ gram staining ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
541
+
542
+ 136
543
+ 00:10:09,770 --> 00:10:13,370
544
+ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reporting. ูู‚ุฏ ุชุทู„ุน positive ููŠ ุงู„ู€
545
+
546
+ 137
547
+ 00:10:13,370 --> 00:10:18,210
548
+ cultureุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ. ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ
549
+
550
+ 138
551
+ 00:10:18,210 --> 00:10:20,990
552
+ ุจุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hemophilus influenzaุŒ ูˆู†ุจู‡ุชู‡
553
+
554
+ 139
555
+ 00:10:20,990 --> 00:10:24,530
556
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ gram stain methylene blue
557
+
558
+ 140
559
+ 00:10:24,530 --> 00:10:27,550
560
+ stainุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ gram stain could... ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง could
561
+
562
+ 141
563
+ 00:10:27,550 --> 00:10:30,750
564
+ be missedุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูู‚ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gram stainุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
565
+
566
+ 142
567
+ 00:10:30,750 --> 00:10:34,430
568
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ methylene blue stain. ูˆุฃู†ุช ุจุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ ููŠ
569
+
570
+ 143
571
+ 00:10:34,430 --> 00:10:37,990
572
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุชุจุนูƒู…. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุตู„ ุฃู†ุชู… ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐุชู… ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€
573
+
574
+ 144
575
+ 00:10:37,990 --> 00:10:42,330
576
+ CSFุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ CSFุŒ ูˆุทุงู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุณู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ:
577
+
578
+ 145
579
+ 00:10:42,330 --> 00:10:45,870
580
+ gram stainุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ methylene blue. ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ูŠ ูุงูƒุฑ gram
581
+
582
+ 146
583
+ 00:10:45,870 --> 00:10:50,970
584
+ stain: Methylene Blue, India Ink, and Whitemount. ุฃุฑุจุน
585
+
586
+ 147
587
+ 00:10:50,970 --> 00:10:55,650
588
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ microscopy ุงุนุชู…ุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ู„ู„ู€ CSF. ุงู„ู…ูŠุซูŠู„ูŠู†
589
+
590
+ 148
591
+ 00:10:55,650 --> 00:11:00,130
592
+ ุจู„ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุตุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ู†ูู‚ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Hemophilus
593
+
594
+ 149
595
+ 00:11:00,130 --> 00:11:04,110
596
+ InfluenzaุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน fragileุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
597
+
598
+ 150
599
+ 00:11:04,110 --> 00:11:09,870
600
+ gram... ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ staining ุจูŠุชุทู„ุจ ูƒุงู… ุฎุทูˆุฉุŸ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฎุทูˆุงุช
601
+
602
+ 151
603
+ 00:11:09,870 --> 00:11:13,790
604
+ stainingุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุจุน ุฎุทูˆุงุช washingุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
605
+
606
+ 152
607
+ 00:11:13,790 --> 00:11:21,510
608
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุธุฑูˆู ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฐูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูู‚ุฏู‡ุง
609
+
610
+ 153
611
+ 00:11:21,510 --> 00:11:24,710
612
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง fragileุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง other bacteria can
613
+
614
+ 154
615
+ 00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:27,470
616
+ survive this process. ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ methylene blue
617
+
618
+ 155
619
+ 00:11:27,470 --> 00:11:30,630
620
+ simple stainุŒ just stain with methylene blueุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
621
+
622
+ 156
623
+ 00:11:30,630 --> 00:11:33,290
624
+ affinity ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู„ู€ methylene blue ุฃุนู„ู‰
625
+
626
+ 157
627
+ 00:11:33,290 --> 00:11:38,960
628
+ ู…ู† affinity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ู„ู€ other stains. ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุขู†
629
+
630
+ 158
631
+ 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:43,940
632
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูˆุถุญุช ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
633
+
634
+ 159
635
+ 00:11:43,940 --> 00:11:48,140
636
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจู†ุฌุฏ long
637
+
638
+ 160
639
+ 00:11:48,140 --> 00:11:54,100
640
+ thread ุฃูˆ filaments ููŠ ุงู„ู€ old cultureุŒ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
641
+
642
+ 161
643
+ 00:11:54,100 --> 00:11:57,680
644
+ smears ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ ู…ู† CSF. ุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
645
+
646
+ 162
647
+ 00:11:57,680 --> 00:12:02,350
648
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„. ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ
649
+
650
+ 163
651
+ 00:12:02,350 --> 00:12:05,790
652
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง Hemophilus influenzaุŒ ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
653
+
654
+ 164
655
+ 00:12:05,790 --> 00:12:08,790
656
+ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ูˆุดุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด Hemophilus
657
+
658
+ 165
659
+ 00:12:08,790 --> 00:12:12,850
660
+ influenzaุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู„ุง ู†ู†ููŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฃู†
661
+
662
+ 166
663
+ 00:12:12,850 --> 00:12:14,250
664
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง Hemophilus influenza.
665
+
666
+ 167
667
+ 00:12:18,970 --> 00:12:22,170
668
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ cultureุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง facultative anaerobicุŒ
669
+
670
+ 168
671
+ 00:12:22,170 --> 00:12:26,190
672
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ growth aerobically ุฃูุถู„ุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ CO2ุŒ
673
+
674
+ 169
675
+ 00:12:26,190 --> 00:12:32,230
676
+ ูˆุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูˆุณุท ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ X ูˆ V factor. ู…ุงู‡ูˆ X ูˆ V
677
+
678
+ 170
679
+ 00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:37,520
680
+ factorุŸ X factorุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ
681
+
682
+ 171
683
+ 00:12:37,520 --> 00:12:41,940
684
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytochrome
685
+
686
+ 172
687
+ 00:12:41,940 --> 00:12:47,140
688
+ oxidasesุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุชุงู„ูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆูƒุณูŠุฏูŠุฒ. ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
689
+
690
+ 173
691
+ 00:12:47,140 --> 00:12:50,100
692
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ู€ production of
693
+
694
+ 174
695
+ 00:12:50,100 --> 00:12:54,270
696
+ essential enzymes. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ V-factorุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏุŒ
697
+
698
+ 175
699
+ 00:12:54,270 --> 00:12:56,790
700
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑูู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูŠูƒูˆุชูŠู†ุงู…ูŠุฏ
701
+
702
+ 176
703
+ 00:12:56,790 --> 00:13:00,830
704
+ ุฃุฏูŠู†ูŠู† ุฏุงูŠู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏุŒ ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
705
+
706
+ 177
707
+ 00:13:00,830 --> 00:13:04,030
708
+ ูƒุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ูƒุงุฑูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ oxidation reductionุŒ
709
+
710
+ 178
711
+ 00:13:04,030 --> 00:13:08,850
712
+ ูˆููŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† oxidation reductionุŒ
713
+
714
+ 179
715
+ 00:13:08,850 -->
716
+
717
+ 223
718
+ 00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:17,750
719
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ blood agar ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
720
+
721
+ 224
722
+ 00:16:17,750 --> 00:16:22,510
723
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ X factor ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ V
724
+
725
+ 225
726
+ 00:16:22,510 --> 00:16:25,130
727
+ factor. ูู„ูˆ ุฒุฑุนุช hemophilus influenza ุนู„ู‰ blood
728
+
729
+ 226
730
+ 00:16:25,130 --> 00:16:31,420
731
+ agarุŒ ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆุŒ ู„ู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ. ุทูŠุจุŒ ุฑูˆุญุช ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠ
732
+
733
+ 227
734
+ 00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:35,300
735
+ ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ Staphylococcus aureusุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
736
+
737
+ 228
738
+ 00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:38,520
739
+ Staphylococcus aureus ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ
740
+
741
+ 229
742
+ 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:44,000
743
+ ูˆุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู€ V-factor. ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
744
+
745
+ 230
746
+ 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:50,260
747
+ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ู€ X-factor ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ
748
+
749
+ 231
750
+ 00:16:50,260 --> 00:16:54,640
751
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ V-factor ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ู€
752
+
753
+ 232
754
+ 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:58,780
755
+ Staphylococcus aureusุŒ ุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ
756
+
757
+ 233
758
+ 00:16:58,780 --> 00:17:02,140
759
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุงุนุชูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Staphylococcus aureusุŒ
760
+
761
+ 234
762
+ 00:17:02,140 --> 00:17:06,080
763
+ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆููŠู„ูˆุณ ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ.
764
+
765
+ 235
766
+ 00:17:06,080 --> 00:17:13,280
767
+ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุท ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ large in
768
+
769
+ 236
770
+ 00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:17,620
771
+ comparisonุŒ largeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุชุนุฏู†ุง ุนู† ุฎุท
772
+
773
+ 237
774
+ 00:17:17,620 --> 00:17:24,290
775
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุจุชุตุบุฑ. ูุจุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู…... ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู…
776
+
777
+ 238
778
+ 00:17:24,290 --> 00:17:27,790
779
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
780
+
781
+ 239
782
+ 00:17:27,790 --> 00:17:30,270
783
+ ู‡ูŠุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ satelitism ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ hemophilus
784
+
785
+ 240
786
+ 00:17:30,270 --> 00:17:37,240
787
+ influenza. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฅู†
788
+
789
+ 241
790
+ 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:40,520
791
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚. ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
792
+
793
+ 242
794
+ 00:17:40,520 --> 00:17:44,700
795
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุง hemophilusุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ูˆ Staphylococcus aureus.
796
+
797
+ 243
798
+ 00:17:44,700 --> 00:17:50,600
799
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ X. ูˆุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงุŒ ูู‚ุท ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ
800
+
801
+ 244
802
+ 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:57,000
803
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ. ูˆู„ูˆ ุฏู‚ู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ
804
+
805
+ 245
806
+ 00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:59,720
807
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„
808
+
809
+ 246
810
+ 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:03,300
811
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุญุฌู… ู‡ู†ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ. ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุชุนุฏู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุท
812
+
813
+ 247
814
+ 00:18:03,300 --> 00:18:08,600
815
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง
816
+
817
+ 248
818
+ 00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:11,700
819
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุฎู„ูˆุตุฉ. ุฅู† ูู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ูˆุซ ู…ู†
820
+
821
+ 249
822
+ 00:18:11,700 --> 00:18:13,460
823
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Staphylococcus aureus.
824
+
825
+ 250
826
+ 00:18:17,030 --> 00:18:21,790
827
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ X and
828
+
829
+ 251
830
+ 00:18:21,790 --> 00:18:25,450
831
+ V factor. ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุญุทูˆุท V factor ู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง X factor
832
+
833
+ 252
834
+ 00:18:25,450 --> 00:18:29,110
835
+ ู„ุญุงู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฅู† ููŠ X and V factor ู„ุญุงู„.
836
+
837
+ 253
838
+ 00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:34,500
839
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒุŒ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฑุจู†ุงู‡ู…
840
+
841
+ 254
842
+ 00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:37,760
843
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุงุฒู…... ู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุจู†ุงู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 255
846
+ 00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:41,460
847
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู…ูˆุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู†ุจุนุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด
848
+
849
+ 256
850
+ 00:18:41,460 --> 00:18:44,560
851
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ effect. ุจุฏุฃ ู…ุนุงู†ุง. ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู„ุชุŒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
852
+
853
+ 257
854
+ 00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:47,900
855
+ ุฃุณุชุบู†ูŠ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ูˆู„ุง ู…ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณุชุบู†ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุŒ
856
+
857
+ 258
858
+ 00:18:47,900 --> 00:18:50,340
859
+ ุฃุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ. ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 259
862
+ 00:18:50,340 --> 00:18:54,600
863
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตูุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ
864
+
865
+ 260
866
+ 00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:59,360
867
+ X and V factor. ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูŠุฒุชู‡ุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
868
+
869
+ 261
870
+ 00:18:59,360 --> 00:19:02,580
871
+ ู†ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ูู‚ุทุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ X and V factor
872
+
873
+ 262
874
+ 00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:06,440
875
+ required ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง. ู„ูˆ ู†ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ X. ู„ูˆ
876
+
877
+ 263
878
+ 00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:10,180
879
+ ู†ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ V. ู„ูˆ ู†ู…ุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
880
+
881
+ 264
882
+ 00:19:10,180 --> 00:19:14,880
883
+ ู…ุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌุด ู„ุง X ูˆู„ุง V factorุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚
884
+
885
+ 265
886
+ 00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:17,900
887
+ ู…ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌุด X and V factorุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช
888
+
889
+ 266
890
+ 00:19:17,900 --> 00:19:22,320
891
+ Hemophilus. ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง... ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงุŒ
892
+
893
+ 267
894
+ 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:25,900
895
+ ูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ XุŒ ูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ VุŒ ูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูŠุง
896
+
897
+ 268
898
+ 00:19:25,900 --> 00:19:32,920
899
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡. ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
900
+
901
+ 269
902
+ 00:19:32,920 --> 00:19:36,920
903
+ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ filter
904
+
905
+ 270
906
+ 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:40,980
907
+ paper ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู…ุนู†ู‰
908
+
909
+ 271
910
+ 00:19:40,980 --> 00:19:43,360
911
+ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ X ูˆุงู„ู€ V
912
+
913
+ 272
914
+ 00:19:43,360 --> 00:19:45,980
915
+ factor. ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ุฐุงุŒ
916
+
917
+ 273
918
+ 00:19:48,980 --> 00:19:54,740
919
+ ู‡ุฐุง X ูˆู‡ุฐุง V ู…ู†ูุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง X and V ู…ุน ุจุนุถ. ูุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช
920
+
921
+ 274
922
+ 00:19:54,740 --> 00:20:00,100
923
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุชุญุชุงุฌ X. ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุชุญุชุงุฌ V. ุฅุฐุง
924
+
925
+ 275
926
+ 00:20:00,100 --> 00:20:05,260
927
+ ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ุŒ ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ X ูˆู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ VุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 276
930
+ 00:20:05,260 --> 00:20:08,680
931
+ ู„ูŠุณุช Hemophilus ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ. ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ biochemical
932
+
933
+ 277
934
+ 00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:12,000
935
+ tests are seldom used. ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ oxidase
936
+
937
+ 278
938
+ 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,200
939
+ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ hemolysis on blood agarุŒ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
940
+
941
+ 279
942
+ 00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:18,760
943
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุŒ ุฌูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ุง it's requirement for X
944
+
945
+ 280
946
+ 00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:25,780
947
+ and V factors. ูุถู„ ู„ุฃ
948
+
949
+ 281
950
+ 00:20:28,620 --> 00:20:32,460
951
+ ู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ X ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ VุŒ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ูุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง
952
+
953
+ 282
954
+ 00:20:32,460 --> 00:20:37,580
955
+ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡. ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ X and V factorุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู‚ุฏ
956
+
957
+ 283
958
+ 00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:41,480
959
+ ุชูƒูˆู† Hemophilus influenza. ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชู†ู…ูˆุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง
960
+
961
+ 284
962
+ 00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:45,560
963
+ ุงุญุชุงุฌุช ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู€ X ุฃูˆ ุงุญุชุงุฌุช ุงู„ู€ V ูู‚ุทุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠุณุช
964
+
965
+ 285
966
+ 00:20:45,560 --> 00:20:46,420
967
+ Hemophilus influenza.
968
+
969
+ 286
970
+ 00:20:50,810 --> 00:20:54,650
971
+ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู†... ู„ูƒู†... ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช X and V
972
+
973
+ 287
974
+ 00:20:54,650 --> 00:20:57,230
975
+ factorุŒ ูุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู…ูˆููŠู„ูˆุณ ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง. ุณู†ุดูˆู
976
+
977
+ 288
978
+ 00:20:57,230 --> 00:21:01,440
979
+ ุงู„ู€ judgment ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…. ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
980
+
981
+ 289
982
+ 00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:04,300
983
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ X and V factor. ู…ูŠู†... ู…ูŠู†
984
+
985
+ 290
986
+ 00:21:04,300 --> 00:21:06,720
987
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ู… hemophilus influenzaุŒ ูˆู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†
988
+
989
+ 291
990
+ 00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:11,480
991
+ hemolyticus. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
992
+
993
+ 292
994
+ 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:13,880
995
+ hemolysis on blood agar. ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
996
+
997
+ 293
998
+ 00:21:13,880 --> 00:21:18,160
999
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† positiveุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† negative. ุฅุฐุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 294
1002
+ 00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:22,160
1003
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ X ูˆุงู„ู€ V ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ. ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุฒูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 295
1006
+ 00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:31,210
1007
+ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ABI-20E ู„ู„ุฅู†ุชุฑูˆุจุงูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุณูŠุŒ ูˆABI-staphุŒ ูˆABI
1008
+
1009
+ 296
1010
+ 00:21:31,210 --> 00:21:34,930
1011
+ -stript. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ABI ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆููŠู„ูˆุณ ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุงุŒ
1012
+
1013
+ 297
1014
+ 00:21:34,930 --> 00:21:37,730
1015
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ other biochemical tests used
1016
+
1017
+ 298
1018
+ 00:21:37,730 --> 00:21:41,890
1019
+ to identify. ููŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ treatmentุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
1020
+
1021
+ 299
1022
+ 00:21:41,890 --> 00:21:46,660
1023
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1024
+
1025
+ 300
1026
+ 00:21:46,660 --> 00:21:48,880
1027
+ ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„. ุฅุฐุง
1028
+
1029
+ 301
1030
+ 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:53,640
1031
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุจู‡ูŠู† ุจุนุถ ุฎุงู„ุตุŒ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1032
+
1033
+ 302
1034
+ 00:21:53,640 --> 00:21:57,960
1035
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู€ X V Factor. ุงู„ู€ X Factor ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุด
1036
+
1037
+ 303
1038
+ 00:21:57,960 --> 00:22:01,580
1039
+ ุงู„ู€ V FactorุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุจุนุฏู‡ู… ูŠุง
1040
+
1041
+ 304
1042
+ 00:22:01,580 --> 00:22:04,880
1043
+ ุฃู…ุง negative ูŠุง ุฃู…ุง slight. ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู… further
1044
+
1045
+ 305
1046
+ 00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:08,560
1047
+ tests to be distinguished from each other. ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงุถุญ
1048
+
1049
+ 306
1050
+ 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:12,240
1051
+ ุฅู† ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆููŠู„ูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุฅู„ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 307
1054
+ 00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:17,360
1055
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูŠุง X and V ูŠุง X ูŠุง V ูŠุง ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 308
1058
+ 00:22:17,360 --> 00:22:19,960
1059
+ treatmentุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง if sensitiveุŒ ampicillin is the
1060
+
1061
+ 309
1062
+ 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:23,570
1063
+ drug of choice. ุฅุฐุง if sensitiveุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ if
1064
+
1065
+ 310
1066
+ 00:22:23,570 --> 00:22:27,170
1067
+ sensitiveุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุจู„ุฏูƒู…ุŒ ููŠ
1068
+
1069
+ 311
1070
+ 00:22:27,170 --> 00:22:30,990
1071
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุชูƒู…ุŒ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช sensitiveุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ isolate ุชุจุนูƒู… ู‡ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 312
1074
+ 00:22:30,990 --> 00:22:34,090
1075
+ sensitive ู„ู„ู€ ampicillinุŒ ูู€ it is the drug of choice.
1076
+
1077
+ 313
1078
+ 00:22:34,090 --> 00:22:36,150
1079
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ chloramphenicolุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุบูˆู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 314
1082
+ 00:22:36,150 --> 00:22:39,690
1083
+ ุฎุงู„ุต ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ handouts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงูƒู…ุŒ ูˆ
1084
+
1085
+ 315
1086
+ 00:22:39,690 --> 00:22:44,390
1087
+ tetracycline could be also used. ููŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ู‡
1088
+
1089
+ 316
1090
+ 00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:47,530
1091
+ hemophilus ducreyiุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ STDุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1092
+
1093
+ 317
1094
+ 00:22:47,530 --> 00:22:49,830
1095
+ sexually transmitted diseaseุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gram
1096
+
1097
+ 318
1098
+ 00:22:49,830 --> 00:22:53,510
1099
+ negativeุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ lie cultured on chocolate agar
1100
+
1101
+ 319
1102
+ 00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:56,750
1103
+ requires only X factor. ู…ุด ุฏู‡ hemophilus influenza
1104
+
1105
+ 320
1106
+ 00:22:56,750 --> 00:23:03,750
1107
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†. causes ุดุงู†ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฏ. ุดุงู†ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฏุŒ
1108
+
1109
+ 321
1110
+ 00:23:03,750 --> 00:23:08,230
1111
+ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุชุฑูŠุจูˆู†ูŠู…ุงุจุงู„ู€ูŠุฏูˆู…
1112
+
1113
+ 322
1114
+ 00:23:08,230 --> 00:23:12,190
1115
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูู„ุณ. ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠุฌู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ genital
1116
+
1117
+ 323
1118
+ 00:23:12,190 --> 00:23:17,440
1119
+ area ู„ู„ู€ infected people. ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุดุงู†ูƒุฑ. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดุงู†ูƒุฑ
1120
+
1121
+ 324
1122
+ 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:20,920
1123
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠุฌู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ุดุงู†ูƒุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุซุฑุฉ
1124
+
1125
+ 325
1126
+ 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:24,620
1127
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ. ุงู„ุจุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 326
1130
+ 00:23:24,620 --> 00:23:28,020
1131
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู€ syphilis. ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุฑุถู‡
1132
+
1133
+ 327
1134
+ 00:23:28,020 --> 00:23:31,280
1135
+ ุจุซุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ external genitalia ู„ู€ infected people. ุชุดุจู‡
1136
+
1137
+ 328
1138
+ 00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:35,200
1139
+ ุงู„ุจุซุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุนุช ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุชุงุนุช ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูู„ุณ. ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุดุงู†ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1140
+
1141
+ 329
1142
+ 00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:39,380
1143
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุดุงู†ูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ syphilis. treatment:
1144
+
1145
+ 330
1146
+ 00:23:39,380 --> 00:23:42,860
1147
+ ceftriaxone ุฃูˆ ciprofloxacin ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
1148
+
1149
+ 331
1150
+ 00:23:42,860 --> 00:23:50,020
1151
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง. ููŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุชุงู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆููŠู„ูˆุณ
1152
+
1153
+ 332
1154
+ 00:23:50,020 --> 00:23:54,780
1155
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ gardnerellaุŒ gardnerella vaginalisุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 333
1158
+ 00:23:54,780 --> 00:23:57,240
1159
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููˆุง ููŠ ุณุทุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ูƒุงู†
1160
+
1161
+ 334
1162
+ 00:23:57,240 --> 00:24:01,040
1163
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ hemophilus vaginalis. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ุŒ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1164
+
1165
+ 335
1166
+ 00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:07,360
1167
+ ุตูุงุช ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆููŠู„ูˆุณ. ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 336
1170
+ 00:24:07,360 --> 00:24:11,740
1171
+ normal flora of fifty percent of normal healthy
1172
+
1173
+ 337
1174
+ 00:24:11,740 --> 00:24:17,460
1175
+ females. ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง normal part of
1176
+
1177
+ 338
1178
+ 00:24:17,460 --> 00:24:21,080
1179
+ the vaginal normal flora. ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ diseaseุŸ
1180
+
1181
+ 339
1182
+ 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:26,700
1183
+ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉุŒ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ it is found in small
1184
+
1185
+ 340
1186
+ 00:24:26,700 --> 00:24:31,160
1187
+ numbers in vaginal secretions of fifty percent of
1188
+
1189
+ 341
1190
+ 00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:36,280
1191
+ normal women. small numbersุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ number ุชุจุนู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 342
1194
+ 00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:40,000
1195
+ ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏ. ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ normal
1196
+
1197
+ 343
1198
+ 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:43,640
1199
+ flora ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestine ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ antibiotics ุฃูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 344
1202
+ 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:48,120
1203
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ or moral changeุŸ ูƒุงู†ุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุช
1204
+
1205
+ 345
1206
+ 00:24:48,120 --> 00:24:52,560
1207
+ ู„ู€ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ normal microbiotaุŒ ูˆ overgrowth ู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠุงุช.
1208
+
1209
+ 346
1210
+ 00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:56,460
1211
+ ูู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ vaginitisุŒ
1212
+
1213
+ 347
1214
+ 00:24:56,460 --> 00:25:01,320
1215
+ bacterial vaginitis characterized by ุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1216
+
1217
+ 348
1218
+ 00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:06,600
1219
+ vaginaุŒ ูˆุฏู‡ ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูƒุฑูŠู‡ุฉุŒ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง fish-like odor. ููŠ ุดูŠุก
1220
+
1221
+ 349
1222
+ 00:25:06,600 --> 00:25:10,660
1223
+ ุฃูˆ ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุฒูŠ ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒุŒ ุจุณ ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุฑูŠู‡ุฉ. ุงู„ู€
1224
+
1225
+ 350
1226
+ 00:25:10,660 --> 00:25:14,240
1227
+ lab diagnosis ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŒ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุณู‡ู„ุŒ ุจุงู„ู€ gram stainุŒ
1228
+
1229
+ 351
1230
+ 00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:20,080
1231
+ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฑู‰ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง clue cell. clue cellุŒ ุดูˆูุชูˆุง ุงู„ู€
1232
+
1233
+ 352
1234
+ 00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:26,070
1235
+ clue cellุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ clue cellุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† epithelial cell
1236
+
1237
+ 353
1238
+ 00:25:26,070 --> 00:25:33,050
1239
+ ู…ุบุทุงุฉ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Gardnerella vaginalis.
1240
+
1241
+ 354
1242
+ 00:25:33,050 --> 00:25:37,070
1243
+ ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ. ุงู„ู€ normal epithelial cells ู…ู†
1244
+
1245
+ 355
1246
+ 00:25:37,070 --> 00:25:40,810
1247
+ ุงู„ู€ vaginaุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ
1248
+
1249
+ 356
1250
+ 00:25:40,810 --> 00:25:43,930
1251
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ. ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ clue cellุŒ ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู€ clue
1252
+
1253
+ 357
1254
+ 00:25:43,930 --> 00:25:50,680
1255
+ cell. ุงู„ู€ clue cell ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ paintedุŒ ู…ุฏู‡ูˆู†ุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 358
1258
+ 00:25:50,680 --> 00:25:56,340
1259
+ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1260
+
1261
+ 359
1262
+ 00:25:56,340 --> 00:26:00,380
1263
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡
1264
+
1265
+ 360
1266
+ 00:26:00,380 --> 00:26:06,060
1267
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง clue cell. ูˆุฌูˆุฏ clue cell ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ vaginal smear
1268
+
1269
+ 361
1270
+ 00:26:06,060 --> 00:26:10,460
1271
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุคุดุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1272
+
1273
+ 362
1274
+ 00:26:10,460 --> 00:26:12,240
1275
+ gardnerella vaginalis.
1276
+
1277
+ 363
1278
+ 00:26:14,890 --> 00:26:18,050
1279
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 364
1282
+ 00:26:18,050 --> 00:26:21,930
1283
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุงุŒ ู…ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ุณู…ูŠู†ุŒ Hemophilus and Bordetella.
1284
+
1285
+ 365
1286
+ 00:26:21,930 --> 00:26:27,130
1287
+ ุงู„ู€ BordetellaุŒ ุงู„ู€ species ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 366
1290
+ 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:29,450
1291
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Bordetella pertussis.
1292
+
1293
+ 367
1294
+ 00:26:33,370 --> 00:26:36,130
1295
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฏู‘ุงูƒ... ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฏู‘ุงูƒ
1296
+
1297
+ 368
1298
+ 00:26:36,130 --> 00:26:39,690
1299
+ ุจูˆุฑุชุฏุชูŠู„ุง ุจูˆุฑุชุณุณุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฏู‘ุงูƒ. ู†ุนู…ุŒ ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
1300
+
1301
+ 369
1302
+ 00:26:39,690 --> 00:26:44,070
1303
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ... ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ. ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ู€ DPTุŸ ูƒู†ุง
1304
+
1305
+ 370
1306
+ 00:26:44,070 --> 00:26:49,830
1307
+ ุฏูุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุจูŠุฑุชูˆุณุณุŒ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ. ุฅุญู†ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ุฏูุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆ
1308
+
1309
+ 371
1310
+ 00:26:49,830 --> 00:26:54,130
1311
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ. ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู„ู‡ู… ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุฏูŠุชูŠู„ุงุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1312
+
1313
+ 372
1314
+ 00:26:54,130 --> 00:26:58,310
1315
+ ุบุทู‘ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ vaccine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ DPT. ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุฏูŠุชูŠู„ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 373
1318
+ 00:26:58,310 --> 00:27:01,890
1319
+ ุจูŠุฑุชูˆุณุณุŒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 374
1322
+ 00:27:01,890 --> 00:27:07,530
1323
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนุจุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌูุฏู‘ุงุดุŒ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฑุฐุงุฐ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนุทุณ ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏ
1324
+
1325
+ 375
1326
+ 00:27:07,530 --> 00:27:12,820
1327
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†. ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจู…ุง ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 376
1330
+ 00:27:12,820 --> 00:27:15,880
1331
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุฃูŠ disease ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ respiratory
1332
+
1333
+ 377
1334
+ 00:27:15,880 --> 00:27:20,120
1335
+ tract. ูู‡ูŠ respiratory transmitted. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€
1336
+
1337
+ 378
1338
+ 00:27:20,120 --> 00:27:23,060
1339
+ transmission by the respiratory tract route from
1340
+
1341
+ 379
1342
+ 00:27:23,060 --> 00:27:27,200
1343
+ early case and possibly via carriers. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 380
1346
+ 00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:32,020
1347
+ ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุตุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุณู„ูŠู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ
1348
+
1349
+ 381
1350
+ 00:27:32,020 --> 00:27:39,030
1351
+ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู† carrier ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุณู„ูŠู…. ุชุนุงู„ูˆุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
1352
+
1353
+ 382
1354
+ 00:27:39,030 --> 00:27:41,910
1355
+ ุงู„ู€ diseaseุŒ ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
1356
+
1357
+ 383
1358
+ 00:27:41,910 --> 00:27:44,950
1359
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุงุŒ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุตุจุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
1360
+
1361
+ 384
1362
+ 00:27:44,950 --> 00:27:49,510
1363
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูŠู„ูŠุง. ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lungsุŒ ุงู„ู€ lungs ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
1364
+
1365
+ 385
1366
+ 00:27:49,510 --> 00:27:53,430
1367
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ. ุจู†ุชู†ูุณุŒ ูˆุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‡ูˆุง ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูู…ุŒ
1368
+
1369
+ 386
1370
+ 00:27:53,430 --> 00:27:56,430
1371
+ ูˆุงู„ูู… ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูˆุง ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
1372
+
1373
+ 387
1374
+ 00:27:56,430 --> 00:27:59,350
1375
+ ูุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lungsุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ lungs
1376
+
1377
+ 388
1378
+ 00:27:59,350 --> 00:28:04,470
1379
+ ุฅุนุชุจุฑู†ุงู‡ุง sterileุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู„ุทุฑุฏ ุงู„ู€
1380
+
1381
+ 389
1382
+ 00:28:04,470 --> 00:28:09,710
1383
+ microorganismsุŒ ู„ุทุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชุŒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
1384
+
1385
+ 390
1386
+ 00:28:09,710 --> 00:28:12,670
1387
+ ุงู„ู€ mucusุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุทุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ mucusุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ lungs
1388
+
1389
+ 391
1390
+ 00:28:12,670 --> 00:28:16,970
1391
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ุณุชูŠุฑูŠู„. ุงู„ุขู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†
1392
+
1393
+ 392
1394
+ 00:28:16,970 --> 00:28:23,
1395
+
1396
+ 445
1397
+ 00:32:18,900 --> 00:32:23,460
1398
+ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุชุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸ
1399
+
1400
+ 446
1401
+ 00:32:25,580 --> 00:32:29,900
1402
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ secretions ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1403
+
1404
+ 447
1405
+ 00:32:29,900 --> 00:32:34,000
1406
+ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ู€
1407
+
1408
+ 448
1409
+ 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:38,000
1410
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุนูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑูƒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
1411
+
1412
+ 449
1413
+ 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,200
1414
+ nutrition ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุช...
1415
+
1416
+ 450
1417
+ 00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:44,620
1418
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุถุงุนุฉ ู‡ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ coughing
1419
+
1420
+ 451
1421
+ 00:32:44,620 --> 00:32:48,260
1422
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ coughingุŒ ูุงู„ู€ immune system
1423
+
1424
+ 452
1425
+ 00:32:48,260 --> 00:32:54,360
1426
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู. Signs and symptoms ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
1427
+
1428
+ 453
1429
+ 00:32:54,360 --> 00:32:56,980
1430
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง runny nose, sneezing,
1431
+
1432
+ 454
1433
+ 00:32:57,020 --> 00:33:00,500
1434
+ ุฃุนุทุณุŒ mild cough, low grade feverุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1435
+
1436
+ 455
1437
+ 00:33:00,500 --> 00:33:07,260
1438
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ paroxysmal stage. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1439
+
1440
+ 456
1441
+ 00:33:07,260 --> 00:33:11,280
1442
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง. ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ viral
1443
+
1444
+ 457
1445
+ 00:33:11,280 --> 00:33:16,690
1446
+ infection characterized by lymphocytosis. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1447
+
1448
+ 458
1449
+ 00:33:16,690 --> 00:33:20,710
1450
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง differential blood film ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ blood
1451
+
1452
+ 459
1453
+ 00:33:20,710 --> 00:33:24,630
1454
+ filmุŒ ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ. ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1455
+
1456
+ 460
1457
+ 00:33:24,630 --> 00:33:27,670
1458
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ neutrophilุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ bacterial infection ุงู„ู€
1459
+
1460
+ 461
1461
+ 00:33:27,670 --> 00:33:32,250
1462
+ neutrophil ุจูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุฃูƒุชุฑ. ุงู„ู€ neutrophil ููŠ
1463
+
1464
+ 462
1465
+ 00:33:32,250 --> 00:33:35,290
1466
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1467
+
1468
+ 463
1469
+ 00:33:35,290 --> 00:33:39,380
1470
+ lymphocytes ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ lymphocytosis. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
1471
+
1472
+ 464
1473
+ 00:33:39,380 --> 00:33:46,740
1474
+ lymphocytosis ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุงุฌู… ุนู† lymphocytosis ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู†
1475
+
1476
+ 465
1477
+ 00:33:46,740 --> 00:33:49,580
1478
+ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู…ูŠุฒุŒ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1479
+
1480
+ 466
1481
+ 00:33:49,580 --> 00:33:52,580
1482
+ ู‡ุฐุง lymphocytosis ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ. ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1483
+
1484
+ 467
1485
+ 00:33:52,580 --> 00:33:56,780
1486
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ lymphocytosisุŒ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† confused with
1487
+
1488
+ 468
1489
+ 00:33:56,780 --> 00:34:01,600
1490
+ viral infection. ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒูˆู† ุฃุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€
1491
+
1492
+ 469
1493
+ 00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:04,760
1494
+ bordetella pertussis ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ุชุฑุชูุน. ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
1495
+
1496
+ 470
1497
+ 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:08,560
1498
+ ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู€ lymphocytesุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Bordetella
1499
+
1500
+ 471
1501
+ 00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:11,940
1502
+ pertussis strains contains peptide that promotes
1503
+
1504
+ 472
1505
+ 00:34:11,940 --> 00:34:16,760
1506
+ marked lymphocytosis in the host. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ markedุŸ
1507
+
1508
+ 473
1509
+ 00:34:16,760 --> 00:34:23,620
1510
+ marked ูˆุงุถุญุŒ lymphocytosis. ูƒูŠูุŸ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1511
+
1512
+ 474
1513
+ 00:34:23,620 --> 00:34:29,080
1514
+ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ... ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฏูˆุฑูŠุงุช. ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1515
+
1516
+ 475
1517
+ 00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:33,500
1518
+ ุงู„ู€ lymphocytes. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู…ุนู‡ุง
1519
+
1520
+ 476
1521
+ 00:34:33,500 --> 00:34:37,980
1522
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆุชุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰
1523
+
1524
+ 477
1525
+ 00:34:37,980 --> 00:34:43,260
1526
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู‚ุงู…ุชู‡ุง. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ peptide ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€
1527
+
1528
+ 478
1529
+ 00:34:43,260 --> 00:34:49,680
1530
+ lymphocyte. ูุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฏูุนุฉ ุทู„ุนุชุŒ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุฏูุนุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน
1531
+
1532
+ 479
1533
+ 00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:54,200
1534
+ ุฏูุนุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุฏูˆู† ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ lymphocytes
1535
+
1536
+ 480
1537
+ 00:34:54,200 --> 00:34:57,680
1538
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠู†. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุณูŠุฑูู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1539
+
1540
+ 481
1541
+ 00:34:57,680 --> 00:35:02,080
1542
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ lymphocytesุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฑุงูŠุญุฉ ูƒุงูุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1543
+
1544
+ 482
1545
+ 00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:06,080
1546
+ ุงู„ู€ bordetella pertussisุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ peptide
1547
+
1548
+ 483
1549
+ 00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:13,370
1550
+ ู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏู‡ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุทูู„ ููŠ
1551
+
1552
+ 484
1553
+ 00:35:13,370 --> 00:35:17,210
1554
+ ... ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุจุฃู†ุตุญูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1555
+
1556
+ 485
1557
+ 00:35:17,210 --> 00:35:23,670
1558
+ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช. visit youtubeุŒ ูˆุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ whooping cough ุฃูˆ
1559
+
1560
+ 486
1561
+ 00:35:23,670 --> 00:35:27,910
1562
+ pertussis videos. ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
1563
+
1564
+ 487
1565
+ 00:35:27,910 --> 00:35:30,750
1566
+ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู€
1567
+
1568
+ 488
1569
+ 00:35:30,750 --> 00:35:36,340
1570
+ symptoms. ุงู„ู€ Bordetella pertussis ุจูŠุดุจู‡... ุฅุฐุง
1571
+
1572
+ 489
1573
+ 00:35:36,340 --> 00:35:38,320
1574
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ cholera toxin
1575
+
1576
+ 490
1577
+ 00:35:38,320 --> 00:35:41,580
1578
+ ... ุงู„ู€ cholera toxin ู„ุฅู†ุฉ... ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู†ูุณ
1579
+
1580
+ 491
1581
+ 00:35:41,580 --> 00:35:44,180
1582
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestineุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1583
+
1584
+ 492
1585
+ 00:35:44,180 --> 00:35:49,780
1586
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ respiratory tract. Organism short
1587
+
1588
+ 493
1589
+ 00:35:49,780 --> 00:35:53,160
1590
+ avoid. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠ ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุงุŒ ุฌุฑุงู… negativeุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1591
+
1592
+ 494
1593
+ 00:35:53,160 --> 00:35:56,400
1594
+ ูŠูุนุชุจุฑ aerobic. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ cocciุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1595
+
1596
+ 495
1597
+ 00:35:56,400 --> 00:36:00,460
1598
+ ูŠูุนุชุจุฑ aerobicุŒ complex. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ complex
1599
+
1600
+ 496
1601
+ 00:36:00,460 --> 00:36:04,100
1602
+ enriched media is required for the isolation. ุงุณู…
1603
+
1604
+ 497
1605
+ 00:36:04,100 --> 00:36:09,110
1606
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุŒ Bordet-Gengou agar. Bordet-Gengou agar. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง
1607
+
1608
+ 498
1609
+ 00:36:09,110 --> 00:36:12,930
1610
+ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Lรถwenstein-Jensen
1611
+
1612
+ 499
1613
+ 00:36:12,930 --> 00:36:17,510
1614
+ agar ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mycobacteriaุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ TCBS ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Vibrio
1615
+
1616
+ 500
1617
+ 00:36:17,510 --> 00:36:21,510
1618
+ cholera. ุจู†ุฑุจุท Bordet-Gengou ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bordetella pertussis.
1619
+
1620
+ 501
1621
+ 00:36:21,510 --> 00:36:25,250
1622
+ It is non-motile, urease negative, nitrate
1623
+
1624
+ 502
1625
+ 00:36:25,250 --> 00:36:30,930
1626
+ negative. ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุตุญุŸ ู‡ู†ุง
1627
+
1628
+ 503
1629
+ 00:36:30,930 --> 00:36:35,910
1630
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ cough
1631
+
1632
+ 504
1633
+ 00:36:35,910 --> 00:36:41,760
1634
+ plate. ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉุŒ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูˆ
1635
+
1636
+ 505
1637
+ 00:36:41,760 --> 00:36:47,850
1638
+ ูŠูุฌุฑุจ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒุญู‘... ูˆ... ูˆ...
1639
+
1640
+ 506
1641
+ 00:36:47,850 --> 00:36:51,450
1642
+ ุงู„ุจู„ุบู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูŠุฒุฑุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุฒุฑุน ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุจู†ุณูƒุฑ
1643
+
1644
+ 507
1645
+ 00:36:51,450 --> 00:36:55,190
1646
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูˆุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ incubation ููŠ... ุณู…ูˆู‡ cough plate
1647
+
1648
+ 508
1649
+ 00:36:55,190 --> 00:36:59,470
1650
+ ุฌุฏุงู‹. ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ plates 35 degree
1651
+
1652
+ 509
1653
+ 00:36:59,470 --> 00:37:02,070
1654
+ centigradeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ 30. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1655
+
1656
+ 510
1657
+ 00:37:02,070 --> 00:37:06,030
1658
+ ู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ fastidiousุŒ ู…ุง
1659
+
1660
+ 511
1661
+ 00:37:06,030 --> 00:37:11,070
1662
+ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆุด ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ. ู…ูŠู† ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1663
+
1664
+ 512
1665
+ 00:37:11,070 --> 00:37:19,850
1666
+ bacteria that resembles mercury dropletsุŸ ู‡ูˆ
1667
+
1668
+ 513
1669
+ 00:37:19,850 --> 00:37:24,230
1670
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ Francisella tularensis ุนู„ู‰ CGPA
1671
+
1672
+ 514
1673
+ 00:37:24,230 --> 00:37:28,790
1674
+ tularensis. ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1675
+
1676
+ 515
1677
+ 00:37:28,790 --> 00:37:33,630
1678
+ ุงู„ู€ FrancisellaุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Bordet-Gengou agarุŒ ูˆ
1679
+
1680
+ 516
1681
+ 00:37:33,630 --> 00:37:37,230
1682
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง mercury droplet colonies ุจุฑุถู‡
1683
+
1684
+ 517
1685
+ 00:37:37,230 --> 00:37:41,650
1686
+ surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ
1687
+
1688
+ 518
1689
+ 00:37:41,650 --> 00:37:44,990
1690
+ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช Bordetella pertussisุŒ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠุฒ are
1691
+
1692
+ 519
1693
+ 00:37:44,990 --> 00:37:47,930
1694
+ confirmed by agglutinating with polyvalent ุฃูˆ
1695
+
1696
+ 520
1697
+ 00:37:47,930 --> 00:37:49,410
1698
+ monovalent antiserum.
1699
+
1700
+ 521
1701
+ 00:37:54,600 --> 00:37:59,220
1702
+ ููŠ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Bordetella
1703
+
1704
+ 522
1705
+ 00:37:59,220 --> 00:38:02,080
1706
+ pertussis. ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Bordetella pertussis ุจุชุนู…ู„ pertussis
1707
+
1708
+ 523
1709
+ 00:38:02,080 --> 00:38:07,420
1710
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ parapertussis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ pertussisุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุดูƒู„ ุฃุฎู
1711
+
1712
+ 524
1713
+ 00:38:07,420 --> 00:38:11,200
1714
+ ุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Bordetella pertussis. ุฅุฐุงู‹
1715
+
1716
+ 525
1717
+ 00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:15,420
1718
+ Bordetella pertussisุŒ Bordetella parapertussis. ุดูุชูˆุง
1719
+
1720
+ 526
1721
+ 00:38:15,420 --> 00:38:18,780
1722
+ ุฅู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ. typhoid ูˆ paratyphoidุŒ
1723
+
1724
+ 527
1725
+ 00:38:19,620 --> 00:38:22,760
1726
+ Haemophilus influenzae, Parainfluenza, Haemophilus
1727
+
1728
+ 528
1729
+ 00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:26,440
1730
+ aphrophilus, Haemophilus para-aphrophilus. ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
1731
+
1732
+ 529
1733
+ 00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:31,000
1734
+ Bordetella pertussis ูˆ Bordetella parapertussis. ุจุณ ููŠ ุฅู† ู‡ุง
1735
+
1736
+ 530
1737
+ 00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:35,640
1738
+ Bordetella bronchiseptica. Bordetella bronchiseptica ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุณุจุจ
1739
+
1740
+ 531
1741
+ 00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:41,560
1742
+ bronchopulmonary disease. ุงู„ุงุทู„ุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1743
+
1744
+ 532
1745
+ 00:38:41,560 --> 00:38:44,860
1746
+ ู…ู‡ู…. ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†
1747
+
1748
+ 533
1749
+ 00:38:44,860 --> 00:38:48,700
1750
+ ุจุนุถู‡ุง. ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ูŠูู‡ู… ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ featuresุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
1751
+
1752
+ 534
1753
+ 00:38:48,700 --> 00:38:51,760
1754
+ growth on blood-free media. ูƒู„ู…ุฉ blood-free media
1755
+
1756
+ 535
1757
+ 00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:56,380
1758
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุณุท ุฎุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…. motility, urease, citrate,
1759
+
1760
+ 536
1761
+ 00:38:56,500 --> 00:38:57,860
1762
+ nitrate reduction. ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู€ blood-free media
1763
+
1764
+ 537
1765
+ 00:38:57,860 --> 00:39:01,940
1766
+ ุงู„ู€ pertussis negative for all. It cannot grow on a blood
1767
+
1768
+ 538
1769
+ 00:39:01,940 --> 00:39:06,160
1770
+ free media. ุจุฏู‡ุง blood ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง. It is non-motile,
1771
+
1772
+ 539
1773
+ 00:39:06,160 --> 00:39:09,480
1774
+ it is urease negative, it is citrate negative, it is
1775
+
1776
+ 540
1777
+ 00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:12,360
1778
+ nitrate reduction negative. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ negative ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช.
1779
+
1780
+ 541
1781
+ 00:39:12,360 --> 00:39:18,170
1782
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ parapertussis positive ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุชุŒ ู…ุนู‡ุง
1783
+
1784
+ 542
1785
+ 00:39:18,170 --> 00:39:21,410
1786
+ ุตูุชูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€ motility ูˆ ุงู„ู€ nitrate reductionุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1787
+
1788
+ 543
1789
+ 00:39:21,410 --> 00:39:25,130
1790
+ bronchiseptica positive ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช. ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง
1791
+
1792
+ 544
1793
+ 00:39:25,130 --> 00:39:29,770
1794
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Haemophilus.
1795
+
1796
+ 545
1797
+ 00:39:29,770 --> 00:39:33,170
1798
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ three species ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง.
1799
+
1800
+ 546
1801
+ 00:39:33,170 --> 00:39:35,850
1802
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ treatmentุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู†ู†ู‡ูŠ
1803
+
1804
+ 547
1805
+ 00:39:35,850 --> 00:39:39,190
1806
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ erythromycin
1807
+
1808
+ 548
1809
+ 00:39:39,190 --> 00:39:44,190
1810
+ is a drug of choice. ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง
1811
+
1812
+ 549
1813
+ 00:39:44,190 --> 00:39:49,110
1814
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ treatment... ููŠ ุงู„ู€ treatment ุจู†ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€
1815
+
1816
+ 550
1817
+ 00:39:49,110 --> 00:39:51,770
1818
+ progression of the diseaseุŒ ูˆุจู†... ุจู†... ุจู†...
1819
+
1820
+ 551
1821
+ 00:39:51,770 --> 00:39:56,770
1822
+ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจู†ู‚ุตุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู†ูุณู‡. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ treatment
1823
+
1824
+ 552
1825
+ 00:39:56,770 --> 00:40:04,830
1826
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุตุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ
1827
+
1828
+ 553
1829
+ 00:40:04,830 --> 00:40:07,370
1830
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ three stages ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ catarrhal,
1831
+
1832
+ 554
1833
+ 00:40:07,690 --> 00:40:11,390
1834
+ paroxysmalุŒ ูˆ convalescent. ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง course of the
1835
+
1836
+ 555
1837
+ 00:40:11,390 --> 00:40:15,350
1838
+ disease ุณูˆุงุก ุฃุนุทูŠุช treatment ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุช treatment
1839
+
1840
+ 556
1841
+ 00:40:15,350 --> 00:40:20,320
1842
+ ุงู„ู€ course ู‡ูŠู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ treatment ู…ู…ูƒู†
1843
+
1844
+ 557
1845
+ 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:24,920
1846
+ ุชูู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ sufferingุŒ ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ุŒ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
1847
+
1848
+ 558
1849
+ 00:40:24,920 --> 00:40:30,140
1850
+ frequencyุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ุŒ ุนุฏู…
1851
+
1852
+ 559
1853
+ 00:40:30,140 --> 00:40:34,180
1854
+ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†. ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1855
+
1856
+ 560
1857
+ 00:40:34,180 --> 00:40:37,520
1858
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง inactivated. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ course of the
1859
+
1860
+ 561
1861
+ 00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:40,720
1862
+ disease ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ู…ุง ุจูŠุชุฃุซุฑ. ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
1863
+
1864
+ 562
1865
+ 00:40:40,720 --> 00:40:45,640
1866
+ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Legionella pneumophilaุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
1867
+
1868
+ 563
1869
+ 00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:49,680
1870
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ุขุฎุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ.
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/ymegUm0UB7c_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2252 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,210 --> 00:00:24,250
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง ู„ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,250 --> 00:00:27,710
7
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ gram negative ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงุทุงุฑ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,710 --> 00:00:31,650
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ู… ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุฃู‰
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,650 --> 00:00:39,290
15
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ Francicilla
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:39,290 --> 00:00:43,770
19
+ tolerances ูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† Hemophilus ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:43,770 --> 00:00:45,790
23
+ Bordella ูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:45,790 --> 00:00:50,800
27
+ ุงู„ legionellaู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ Hemophilus ุจุฏูŠ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:53,780
31
+ ุฃุทู„ุน ุจุณ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒูˆุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‚ุฏุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:53,780 --> 00:00:56,960
35
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุนุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง gram
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:56,960 --> 00:01:01,000
39
+ negative ุจุณูˆู„ุงูŠ ููŠ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง filamentous
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:05,310
43
+ forms filamentous ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎูŠุทูŠุฉู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุฉ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฑุงู‡ุง ููŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:05,310 --> 00:01:09,570
47
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:09,570 --> 00:01:13,130
51
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุถุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:13,130 --> 00:01:18,170
55
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ ููŠ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:18,170 --> 00:01:21,730
59
+ ุจู‡ุง ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุจุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง gram variable ูŠุนู†ูŠ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:21,730 --> 00:01:25,250
63
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชุตุจุญ gram positive ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุตุจุญ gram negative ู‡ุฐู‡
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:25,250 --> 00:01:28,870
67
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุฅู†ู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,870 --> 00:01:32,210
71
+ gram positive ูˆู„ุง gram negative ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตูุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:32,210 --> 00:01:36,830
75
+ ู†ู„ุตู‚ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ hemophilus influenza ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆู‡ูŠ its
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,830 --> 00:01:40,210
79
+ requirement for X and V factors ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ูƒู… ููŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:40,210 --> 00:01:47,330
83
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุฏุฑุงุณุชูˆู‡ ูุงู„ X and V factor ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:47,330 --> 00:01:50,450
87
+ requirement ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:57,490
91
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ chocolate agarุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:57,490 --> 00:02:00,930
95
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ species ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:00,930 --> 00:02:03,650
99
+ hemophilus influenza ูˆ ุงู„ biotype B ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ most
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:03,650 --> 00:02:07,490
103
+ important among the hemophilus influenza ุนู†ุฏูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:07,490 --> 00:02:11,150
107
+ hemophilus para influenza, hemophilus hemolyticus,
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:11,650 --> 00:02:16,690
111
+ hemophilus duqueryHemophilus Afrophilus ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:16,690 --> 00:02:27,910
115
+ Hemophilus Para-Afrophilus ูˆ Hemophilus
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:27,910 --> 00:02:30,450
119
+ Cygnus ูˆ Hemophilus Aegyptiaceae
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:38,620 --> 00:02:41,140
123
+ Hemophilus influenza, hemophilus para influenza,
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:41,600 --> 00:02:44,520
127
+ hemophilus hemolyticus, hemophilus educari,
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:48,420
131
+ hemophilus afrophilus, hemophilus para afrophilus,
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:54,030
135
+ hemophilus cygnus and hemophilus egiptusุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:54,030 --> 00:02:57,990
139
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุจุณู„ุงูŠ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:57,990 --> 00:03:02,410
143
+ ุจูŠู„ูŠูˆู…ูˆุฑููƒ ูˆุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจูŠู„ูŠูˆู…ูˆุฑููƒ ู‚ุฏ ุชุชุฎุฐ ุดูƒู„ุงุช
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:02,410 --> 00:03:03,630
147
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุดูƒู„ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุดูƒู„ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:12,540 --> 00:03:17,120
151
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ cell wall ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:22,100
155
+ gram negative cell wall ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ outer membrane ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:22,100 --> 00:03:28,800
159
+ ุงู„ peptidoglycan layer ููŠู‡ ููŠู‡ single layer of
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:33,570
163
+ peptidoglycanุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ gram variable ู‡ุชูƒู„ู…
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:33,570 --> 00:03:36,790
167
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง facultative anaerobic ุทุจุนุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:36,790 --> 00:03:41,550
171
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ุชูุณูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:41,550 --> 00:03:44,750
175
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ gram
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:44,750 --> 00:03:49,220
179
+ variable facultative anaerobicrequires CO2 for
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:49,220 --> 00:03:52,740
183
+ growthุŒ requires growth factors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… X
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:52,740 --> 00:03:56,760
187
+ and V factor ูˆุงู„ู€ X ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู‡ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ V ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:00,840
191
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูˆู‡ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:05,680
195
+ ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงmaby capsulated or non
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:07,440
199
+ -capsulated ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุงูƒู„ู‡ุง capsule ูˆู…ู…ูƒู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:10,820
203
+ ู…ุงูŠุงูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงุด capsule ูˆุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:10,820 --> 00:04:14,040
207
+ characteristics ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:14,040 --> 00:04:18,300
211
+ hemophilus influenza are capsulated ูˆ based on
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:18,300 --> 00:04:21,540
215
+ their capsule they are classified into serotypes
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:21,540 --> 00:04:27,460
219
+ ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ vaccines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:27,460 --> 00:04:32,300
223
+ vaccine ุจุฏูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠุฌู…ุน ู„ู„ common serotypes ููŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,300 --> 00:04:38,770
227
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ vaccine ุฎุงุตุจุญุณุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:38,770 --> 00:04:42,790
231
+ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Epidemiology ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Hemophilus
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:42,790 --> 00:04:47,370
235
+ Influenza ูˆุญู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู†ู†ุตูู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:47,370 --> 00:04:51,130
239
+ number one cause of meningitis in young children
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:51,130 --> 00:04:55,490
243
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎุชุฑุน ุฃูˆ ู†ุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ vaccine ูู„ู…ุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:55,490 --> 00:04:59,170
247
+ ุงุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุงู„ vaccine ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:59,170 --> 00:05:02,090
251
+ ู‚ู„ุช ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช number one ุตุงุฑุช number three ุฃูˆ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:02,090 --> 00:05:07,300
255
+ four ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉู„ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุณุจุจ ู…ู‡ู… ู…ู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:07,300 --> 00:05:11,640
259
+ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€ meningitis most strains are ุงู† ุฏูˆู„ ุจูุณุทุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:11,640 --> 00:05:14,220
263
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ characteristics
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:14,220 --> 00:05:19,900
267
+ gram negative small ุจุณู„ุนูŠ polymorphic ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:19,900 --> 00:05:23,060
271
+ reaction ุชุจุนู‡ุง variable ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููƒูˆู„ุชุงุช ููŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฅูŠุฑูˆุจ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:23,060 --> 00:05:26,400
275
+ require CO2 ุนู†ุฏูŠ requirement ู„ู„ X and B factor
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:26,400 --> 00:05:29,540
279
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:29,540 --> 00:05:36,850
283
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ูŠุงุจุชุทู„ุจ X ูŠุงุจุชุทู„ุจ V ูŠุงุจุชุทู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† X and V
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:36,850 --> 00:05:40,010
287
+ factors ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† encapsulated ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุด
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:40,010 --> 00:05:43,850
291
+ encapsulated ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุฏูˆู„ positive ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:43,850 --> 00:05:46,710
295
+ ู„ู„ู‡ู…ูˆูู„ุณ ุงู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง pathogenicity
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:50,760
299
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ .. ุงู„ู„ู‰ .. ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:53,860
303
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุณูู†ุงู‡ุง it is the most common
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:53,860 --> 00:05:58,360
307
+ etiologic agent of acute bacterial meningitis in
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:58,360 --> 00:06:01,340
311
+ young children ุทุจ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุงู„ูุงูƒุณูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:01,340 --> 00:06:06,580
315
+ ุจุทู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ุจุทู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุฒู„ุช ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชุฏู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:06,580 --> 00:06:10,900
319
+ ูŠู†ูƒุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุทุจู‚ุช ุงู„ูุงูƒุณูŠู† ุฅู†ู‡
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:10,900 --> 00:06:14,180
323
+ ู‡ูŠ still number one cause of acute bacterial
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:14,180 --> 00:06:18,140
327
+ meningitis in young childrenุงู„ู€ Hemophilus
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:18,140 --> 00:06:21,820
331
+ Influenza ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Species ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:21,820 --> 00:06:26,940
335
+ Hemophilus ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆุงู„ู€ B ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:26,940 --> 00:06:30,000
339
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Hemophilus Influenza itself
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:30,910 --> 00:06:34,130
343
+ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุงู„ diseases caused by this organism ู…ุด ูˆุงุญุฏ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:34,130 --> 00:06:37,470
347
+ ุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุทู„ุนูˆุง it is the most common
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:37,470 --> 00:06:39,630
351
+ cause of meningitis in children ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:39,630 --> 00:06:43,070
355
+ causes epiglottitis ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:43,070 --> 00:06:47,070
359
+ ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ู„ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ุธู…ุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ epiglottitis ูˆู‡ูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:47,070 --> 00:06:50,430
363
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ condition ุตุนุจ ูˆ it requires ูŠุนู†ูŠ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:50,430 --> 00:06:53,460
367
+ hospitalizationูˆุฎุฏ ู…ุด ุจุณ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:53,460 --> 00:07:06,180
371
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุจูˆุทุงู„ุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุชูŠุงุช
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:08,070 --> 00:07:11,430
375
+ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ otitis media ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุณุจุจุงุช
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:11,430 --> 00:07:14,910
379
+ ุงู„ meningitisุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:14,910 --> 00:07:19,550
383
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ otitis media condition ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุถู…
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:19,550 --> 00:07:23,090
387
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ condition ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุณูƒูˆุช ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฑุงุฌุน
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:23,090 --> 00:07:29,010
391
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจendocarditis and pericarditis ุจุฑุถู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:29,010 --> 00:07:32,090
395
+ condition ุตุนุจ may enter the bloodstream of women
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:32,090 --> 00:07:34,510
399
+ during birth causing peripheral sepsis ู‡ูŠ ุตุฑุงุญุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:34,510 --> 00:07:37,630
403
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจุชุงุน ู…ู† ุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูุงุณ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:37,630 --> 00:07:41,170
407
+ the complication of which may threaten the life of
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:41,170 --> 00:07:44,300
411
+ mother ุงูˆ mother life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‡ุฏุฏ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…Eye
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:44,300 --> 00:07:48,060
415
+ Infection ูˆ Conjectivitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู…ู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:51,020
419
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุงู† Caused by Hemophilus
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:51,020 --> 00:07:55,380
423
+ Influenza ู‡ูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุฒู„ ุงุญู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:55,380 --> 00:07:58,280
427
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Hemophilus Influenza
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:02,660 --> 00:08:07,680
431
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฏุฎู„ .. ุงู‡ ู†ุนู… ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:15,760
435
+ ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑ ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:18,720
439
+ ุงู‚ู„ ููŠ ุนุฒู„ ู„ู…ูู„ุณ ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ meningitis
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:18,960 --> 00:08:22,400
443
+ ููŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู†ู‡ effective ูˆููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงูƒุณูŠู† ุชุงู†ูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:26,460
447
+ ุฏุฎู„ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุชู„ุช ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:26,460 --> 00:08:28,780
451
+ Structococcus pneumonia vaccine ุจุฑุถู‡ ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:28,780 --> 00:08:31,340
455
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ reduction ู„ Structococcus pneumonia
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:31,340 --> 00:08:35,650
459
+ meningitis cases ูู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:35,650 --> 00:08:43,210
463
+ vaccine preventable diseases ุงุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุนุงู„ู… ู…ุชุญุถุฑ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:43,210 --> 00:08:48,470
467
+ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุบุทูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ vaccine preventable
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:48,470 --> 00:08:53,110
471
+ diseases ููŠ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:53,110 --> 00:09:00,230
475
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is part of the
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:00,230 --> 00:09:02,850
479
+ normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of man
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:02,850 --> 00:09:06,210
483
+ ูˆ man ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:06,210 --> 00:09:09,090
487
+ specimens ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:09,090 --> 00:09:13,370
491
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุณ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุฏุฃ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:13,370 --> 00:09:17,930
495
+ ู†ุฎุตุตู‡ุง ุงู„ hemophilus dukeri ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:17,930 --> 00:09:23,770
499
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุง ุชุณุจุจ ุฑุณุจุฑุงุชูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ุงู†ู…ุง ุจุชุณุจุจ STD ุฃูˆ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:23,770 --> 00:09:27,290
503
+ sexually transmitted diseaseุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจูŠ small
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:27,290 --> 00:09:30,350
507
+ non-motile gram negative ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง it may show
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:30,350 --> 00:09:33,910
511
+ gram variable it may show gram positive not only
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:33,910 --> 00:09:42,650
515
+ gram negative ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุชู… ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจูŠู‡ ู…ู†
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:42,650 --> 00:09:50,810
519
+ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ููŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:50,810 --> 00:09:55,150
523
+ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุฅู†ู‡
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:55,150 --> 00:09:58,810
527
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ gram stain ุจุชุทู„ุน negative ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:58,810 --> 00:10:03,170
531
+ culture ุจุชุทู„ุน positive ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง bust
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:03,170 --> 00:10:07,290
535
+ cells ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ value of
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:07,290 --> 00:10:09,770
539
+ gram staining ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุงูŠุงู‡ุง ุชู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:09,770 --> 00:10:13,370
543
+ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ reporting ูู‚ุฏุช ุชุทู„ุน positive ููŠ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:13,370 --> 00:10:18,210
547
+ culture ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ูุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉูุนุทูˆู„ ุฎุทุฑ ููŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:18,210 --> 00:10:20,990
551
+ ุจุงู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemophilus influenza ูˆู†ุจู‡ุชู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:20,990 --> 00:10:24,530
555
+ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุน ุงู„ gram stain ู…ุซู„ูŠู† blue
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:24,530 --> 00:10:27,550
559
+ stain ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ gram stain could ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง could
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:27,550 --> 00:10:30,750
563
+ be missed ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูู‚ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ gram stain ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:30,750 --> 00:10:34,430
567
+ ู…ูุถู„ ุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ูŠู† blue stain ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ ููŠ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:34,430 --> 00:10:37,990
571
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุชุจุนูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏุชูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:37,990 --> 00:10:42,330
575
+ CSF ูƒุงู† ุงู„ CSF ูˆุทุงู„ุน ู…ู†ู‡ ุงุฑุจุน ุฃุณู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:42,330 --> 00:10:45,870
579
+ gram stain ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ูŠู† blue ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ูŠ ูุงูƒุฑ gram
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:45,870 --> 00:10:50,970
583
+ stainMethylene Blue India Ink and Whitemount ุฃุฑุจุน
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:50,970 --> 00:10:55,650
587
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ microscopy ุงุนุชู…ุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ู„ู„ CSF ุงู„ู…ูŠุซูŠู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:55,650 --> 00:11:00,130
591
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู†ุฎุงุต ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ู†ูู‚ุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ Hemophilus
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:00,130 --> 00:11:04,110
595
+ Influenza ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ูุฑุฌุงู„ ูˆุงู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:04,110 --> 00:11:09,870
599
+ Gram ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ Staining ุจูŠุชุทู„ุจ ูƒุงู… ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฎุทูˆุงุช
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:09,870 --> 00:11:13,790
603
+ Stainingูˆุงุฑุจุน ุญุทูˆุงุช washing ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:13,790 --> 00:11:21,510
607
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุธุฑูˆู ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฐูŠู‡ุง ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูู‚ุฏู‡ุง
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:21,510 --> 00:11:24,710
611
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง fragile ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง other ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง can
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:27,470
615
+ survive this process ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ methanol blue
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:27,470 --> 00:11:30,630
619
+ simple stain just stain with methanol blue ูˆุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:30,630 --> 00:11:33,290
623
+ affinity ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ ุงู„ methanol blue ุฃุนู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:33,290 --> 00:11:38,960
627
+ ู…ู† affinity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ู„ other stainsู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:43,940
631
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูˆุถุญุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู‡ุงู† ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:43,940 --> 00:11:48,140
635
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจู†ุฌุฏ long
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:48,140 --> 00:11:54,100
639
+ thread ุฃูˆ filaments ููŠ ุงู„ old culture ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:54,100 --> 00:11:57,680
643
+ smears ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† CSF ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:57,680 --> 00:12:02,350
647
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฌูŠุฏ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:02,350 --> 00:12:05,790
651
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง Hemophilus influenza ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:05,790 --> 00:12:08,790
655
+ ู…ูˆุฌุฏู†ุงู‡ูˆุด ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุชู„ุญู‚ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุด Hemophilus
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:08,790 --> 00:12:12,850
659
+ influenza ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌุฑุฏุด ู†ู†ููŠ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุฅุซุจุงุช ุฅู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:12,850 --> 00:12:14,250
663
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง Hemophilus influenza
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:18,970 --> 00:12:22,170
667
+ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ culture ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ููƒูˆู„ุชุงุช ุงู†ุงุก
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:22,170 --> 00:12:26,190
671
+ ุงูŠุฑูˆุจ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ growth ุงูŠุฑูˆุจูŠ ุงูุถู„ ูˆ ุฌูˆู†ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ CO2
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:26,190 --> 00:12:32,230
675
+ ูˆ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูˆุณุท ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X ูˆ V ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ X ูˆ V
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:37,520
679
+ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑุŸ X ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ู„ูˆุงู„ู‡ ู…ูŠู†ุŸุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:37,520 --> 00:12:41,940
683
+ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytochrome
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:41,940 --> 00:12:47,140
687
+ oxidases ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุฒ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆูƒุณูŠุฏุงูŠุฒ. ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:47,140 --> 00:12:50,100
691
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ production of
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:50,100 --> 00:12:54,270
695
+ essential enzymesุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ V-factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:54,270 --> 00:12:56,790
699
+ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ูƒู… ุจุชุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ูŠูƒูˆุชูŠู†ุงู…ูŠุฏ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:56,790 --> 00:13:00,830
703
+ ุฃุฏูŠู†ูŠู† ุฏุงูŠ ู†ูŠูƒู„ูŠูˆุชุงูŠุฏ ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:00,830 --> 00:13:04,030
707
+ ูƒุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู† ูƒุงุฑูŠุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ oxidation reduction
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:04,030 --> 00:13:08,850
711
+ ูˆููŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† oxidation reduction
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:08,850 --> 00:13:14,390
715
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:14,390 --> 00:13:18,890
719
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆู„ุงุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:18,890 --> 00:13:24,390
723
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูŠุฒูˆุฏู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:24,390 --> 00:13:28,150
727
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:32,300
731
+ chocolate ุฃุฌุฑุจุฏูŠ ุงูƒุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ chocolate
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:32,300 --> 00:13:38,000
735
+ agar ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† blood agar ู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุชุณุฎูŠู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฏู‡ุด
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:41,000
739
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณ ูˆ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:45,080
743
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุบู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ agar
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:45,080 --> 00:13:48,260
747
+ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู„ูˆู† ุจู†ูŠ ูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ chocolate agar ูˆ ู„ูˆ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:48,260 --> 00:13:51,380
751
+ ุณุฎู†ู†ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนูŠู† ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ูˆู† chocolate agar
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:52,590 --> 00:13:58,270
755
+ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒู„ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ูŠุณ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:58,270 --> 00:14:03,470
759
+ ูƒู„ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูŠูˆูุฑ ุฅู„ู†ุง x and v factor ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:03,470 --> 00:14:06,950
763
+ ุญุถุฑ properly ูˆ properly ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:06,950 --> 00:14:13,140
767
+ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ูˆุงุซู‚ ู…ู† ู‚ุฏุฑุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:13,140 --> 00:14:16,980
771
+ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู…ุฎุชุจุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดุชุบู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:16,980 --> 00:14:21,580
775
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุชุดูƒูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูŠูˆูุฑ X and B factor
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:21,580 --> 00:14:26,040
779
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุฒุฑุนุช
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:26,040 --> 00:14:28,540
783
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุดูƒูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุดูƒูˆู„ุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:28,540 --> 00:14:31,640
787
+ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูˆูุฑ X and B factor ูู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ Hemophilus
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:31,640 --> 00:14:34,280
791
+ influenza ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ูŠุฉ negative
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:35,190 --> 00:14:38,350
795
+ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃุฌุงุฑุฉ ู…ุด ู…ูˆูุฑู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ X and Z factor
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:38,350 --> 00:14:42,390
799
+ ูู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ negative ูˆุงู†ุง ู‡ุนู…ู„ reporting
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:42,390 --> 00:14:47,890
803
+ negative ู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ positive ุฃุณุงุณุง ูู‡ุฏุงุด ู…ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง false
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:47,890 --> 00:14:51,490
807
+ negative ูˆุงู„false negative ู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠุฌ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:51,490 --> 00:14:55,050
811
+ ุฎุทุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูŠุฌุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงุนู…ู„ ูู‰ ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุถู…ู†
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:55,050 --> 00:14:57,830
815
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุฌุนุด ูู‰ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุนู…
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:57,830 --> 00:15:01,690
819
+ ู„ุง ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุจุฏูŠ ุงุชุญุถุฑ ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงุฌุงุฑ ุงู†ุง ุจุญุถุฑ nutrient
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:01,690 --> 00:15:05,030
823
+ ุงุฌุงุฑ ุงูˆ molar hindon ุงุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุฌูŠุจ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุงุดุชุฑูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:05,030 --> 00:15:09,430
827
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ X factor ููŠ ุงู‚ุฑุงุณ ูˆ ุงู„ V factor ุจุงู‚ุฑุงุณ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:09,430 --> 00:15:12,850
831
+ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ X ูˆ V factor ูู‰ ู‚ุฑุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุฏู…ุฌูŠู† ูู‰
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:12,850 --> 00:15:17,960
835
+ ู‚ุฑุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุฒุฑุนุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:17,960 --> 00:15:22,680
839
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจุถูŠู ูƒ supplement ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ media ุจุถูŠู
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:27,760
843
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง x and v factor commercially availableุฅุฐุง ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:27,760 --> 00:15:32,620
847
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญู„ูˆู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญู„ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุญุถุฑ ุงู„
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:32,620 --> 00:15:38,700
851
+ chocolate agar ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:38,700 --> 00:15:42,340
855
+ supplement ู„ media ุจุงู„ X and V factor commercially
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:42,340 --> 00:15:46,120
859
+ ุงูˆ ุงุถูŠู ุงู‚ุฑุงุณ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ X and V
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:49,260
863
+ factor ูˆููŠ ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุชู„ุช ู‡ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ู…ุด
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:49,260 --> 00:15:54,710
867
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุญุจุจ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุฒู†ุฌ ู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุงู„ู€
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:54,710 --> 00:15:57,810
871
+ identification ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:57,810 --> 00:16:00,110
875
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฑุงุจุทู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ its requirement to
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:00,110 --> 00:16:04,410
879
+ x and v factor ููŠ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง satelliteism
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:04,410 --> 00:16:07,410
883
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ hemophilus
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:07,410 --> 00:16:10,230
887
+ influenza ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุดุฑุญู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:17,750
891
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ blood agar ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:17,750 --> 00:16:22,510
895
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ X factor ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ V
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:22,510 --> 00:16:25,130
899
+ factor ูู„ูˆ ุฒุฑุนุช hemophilus influenza ุนู„ู‰ blood
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:25,130 --> 00:16:31,420
903
+ agar ู‡ุชู†ู…ูˆุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ ู„ู† ุชู†ู…ูˆุทูŠุจ ุฑูˆุญุช ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ููŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:31,420 --> 00:16:35,300
907
+ ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ Staphylococcus aureus ูˆุงู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:38,520
911
+ Staphylococcus aureus ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅู† ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:44,000
915
+ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฏู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ V-factor ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:50,260
919
+ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ X-factor ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:50,260 --> 00:16:54,640
923
+ ูˆ ุงู„ V-factor ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ู€
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:58,780
927
+ Staphylococcus aureus ุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:58,780 --> 00:17:02,140
931
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุชุจุนุชูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ Staphylococcus aureus
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:02,140 --> 00:17:06,080
935
+ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงูู„ุณ ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:06,080 --> 00:17:13,280
939
+ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุท ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุน large in
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:17,620
943
+ comparison large ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุชุนุฏู†ุง ุนู† ุฎุท
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:17,620 --> 00:17:24,290
947
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุน ุงุจุชุตุบุฑ ูุจุณู…ูˆ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฏูŠูุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… .. ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู…
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:24,290 --> 00:17:27,790
951
+ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ู‰
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:27,790 --> 00:17:30,270
955
+ ู‡ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุถุงุฆุฑุฉ setolitis ู…ู† ุงู„ hemophilus
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:30,270 --> 00:17:37,240
959
+ influenzaู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ุทุจู‚ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:40,520
963
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:40,520 --> 00:17:44,700
967
+ ู„ูŠู‡ุง hemophilus ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ูˆ staphylococcus aureus
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:44,700 --> 00:17:50,600
971
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุชูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ X ูุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูู‚ุท ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุน ุฃูˆ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:50,600 --> 00:17:57,000
975
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุฏุฌุฌู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:57,000 --> 00:17:59,720
979
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ุงู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:59,720 --> 00:18:03,300
983
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ ุญุฌู… ู‡ู†ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุจุชุนุฏู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุท
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:03,300 --> 00:18:08,600
987
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:11,700
991
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุฎู„ุต ุงู† ูู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุชู„ูˆุซ ู…ู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:11,700 --> 00:18:13,460
995
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ Staphylococcus aureus
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:17,030 --> 00:18:21,790
999
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ X and
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:21,790 --> 00:18:25,450
1003
+ V factor ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุญุทูˆุท V factor ู„ุญุงู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง X factor
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:25,450 --> 00:18:29,110
1007
+ ู„ุญุงู„ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู† ููŠ X and V factor ู„ุญุงู„
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:34,500
1011
+ ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒุŒ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุฌุฑุจู†ุงู‡ู…
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:37,760
1015
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุงุฒู… .. ู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุจู†ุงู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ ููŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:41,460
1019
+ ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู…ูˆุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ู…ุงู† ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุด
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:41,460 --> 00:18:44,560
1023
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ effect ุจุฏุฃ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู„ุชุŒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:44,560 --> 00:18:47,900
1027
+ ุฃุณุชุบู†ู‰ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ูˆู„ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณุชุบู†ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุจู‚ุฏุฑุŒ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:47,900 --> 00:18:50,340
1031
+ ุฌุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:50,340 --> 00:18:54,600
1035
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตูุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:54,600 --> 00:18:59,360
1039
+ X and V factor ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูŠุด ู…ูŠุฒุชู‡ุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‘ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:59,360 --> 00:19:02,580
1043
+ ู†ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ูู‚ุท ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ X and V factor
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:06,440
1047
+ required ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ู†ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ูุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ X ู„ูˆ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:10,180
1051
+ ู†ู…ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ V ู„ูˆ ู†ู…ุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:10,180 --> 00:19:14,880
1055
+ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุด ู„ุง X ูˆู„ุง V factor ุตุญุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:17,900
1059
+ ู…ุงุจุชุญุชุงุฌุด X and V factor ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:17,900 --> 00:19:22,320
1063
+ Hemophilusู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ูู„ุณุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง .. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงุŒ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:25,900
1067
+ ูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ XุŒ ูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ VุŒ ูŠุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูƒู„ุง ู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูŠุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:25,900 --> 00:19:32,920
1071
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:32,920 --> 00:19:36,920
1075
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุต ุฃูˆ ุนู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ filter
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:40,980
1079
+ paper ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู…ุนู†ุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:19:40,980 --> 00:19:43,360
1083
+ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ X ูˆ ุงู„ V
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:19:43,360 --> 00:19:45,980
1087
+ factor ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:48,980 --> 00:19:54,740
1091
+ ู‡ุฐุง X ูˆู‡ุฐุง V ู…ู†ูุตู„ูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง X and V ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:54,740 --> 00:20:00,100
1095
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูุชุญุชุงุฌ X ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูุชุญุชุงุฌ V ุฅุฐุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:00,100 --> 00:20:05,260
1099
+ ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ X ูˆู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ V ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:05,260 --> 00:20:08,680
1103
+ ู„ูŠุณุช Hemophilus ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ biochemical
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:12,000
1107
+ tests are seldom used ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุฒ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,200
1111
+ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ hemolysis and blood agar ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:18,760
1115
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ุง it's requirement for X
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:25,780
1119
+ and V factors ูุถู„ ู„ุฃ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:28,620 --> 00:20:32,460
1123
+ ู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ูุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:32,460 --> 00:20:37,580
1127
+ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ X and B factor ุชู…ุงู… ู‚ุฏ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:41,480
1131
+ ุชูƒูˆู† Hemophilus influenza ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ุฅุฐุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:45,560
1135
+ ุงุญุชุฌุช ูู‚ุท ุงู„ X ุฃูˆ ุงุญุชุฌุช ุงู„ V ูู‚ุท ูู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู„ูŠุณ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:20:45,560 --> 00:20:46,420
1139
+ Hemophilus influenza
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:20:50,810 --> 00:20:54,650
1143
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† .. ู„ูƒู† .. ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช X and B
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:54,650 --> 00:20:57,230
1147
+ factor ูุฑุจู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู…ูˆูู„ุบุต ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงุทุŒ ุณู†ุดูˆู
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:57,230 --> 00:21:01,440
1151
+ ุงู„ู€Judgment ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฃูƒุฏูƒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:04,300
1155
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ x and v factor ู…ูŠู† .. ู…ูŠู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:04,300 --> 00:21:06,720
1159
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ู… hemophilus influenza ูˆู…ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:11,480
1163
+ hemolyticus ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ุงู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุจุนู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:11,480 --> 00:21:13,880
1167
+ hemolysis on blood agar ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:13,880 --> 00:21:18,160
1171
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† positive ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† negative ุฅุฐุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:22,160
1175
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ x ูˆ ุงู„ v ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุฒูŠ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:31,210
1179
+ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ABI-20E ู„ู„ุฅู†ุชูŠุฑูˆ ุจูƒุชุฑูŠุงุณูŠ ูˆABI-staph ูˆABI
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:31,210 --> 00:21:34,930
1183
+ -stript ููŠุงู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ABI ู„ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุงุฒ ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:34,930 --> 00:21:37,730
1187
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠุงู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ other biochemical test used
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:21:37,730 --> 00:21:41,890
1191
+ to identify ููŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ treatment ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:21:41,890 --> 00:21:46,660
1195
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูƒูˆุง ู‡ุฐุงุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:21:46,660 --> 00:21:48,880
1199
+ ูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:53,640
1203
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุจู‡ูŠู† ุจุนุถ ุฎุงู„ุต ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:21:53,640 --> 00:21:57,960
1207
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ูู‚ุท ุงู„ X V Factor ุงู„ X Factor ู…ุงุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุด
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:21:57,960 --> 00:22:01,580
1211
+ ุงู„ V Factor ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุจุนู‡ู… ูŠุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:01,580 --> 00:22:04,880
1215
+ ุฃู…ุง negative ูŠุง ุฃู…ุง slight ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู… further
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:08,560
1219
+ test to be distinguished from each other ู„ูƒู† ูˆุงุถุญ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:12,240
1223
+ ุฅู† ูˆู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูุฑุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุฅู„ุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:17,360
1227
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ูŠุง X and ูŠุง X ูŠุง V ูŠุง ูƒู„ู‡ู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:22:17,360 --> 00:22:19,960
1231
+ treatment ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง if sensitive ambicylin is the
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:23,570
1235
+ drug of choiceุฅุฐุง if sensitiveุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ if
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:22:23,570 --> 00:22:27,170
1239
+ sensitiveุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุจู„ุฏูƒูˆุงุŒ ููŠ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:22:27,170 --> 00:22:30,990
1243
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุชูƒูˆุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช sensitive ุฃูˆ ุงู„ isolate ุชุจุนูƒ ู‡ูˆ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:22:30,990 --> 00:22:34,090
1247
+ sensitive ู„ู„ ambicylin ู it is the drug of its
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:22:34,090 --> 00:22:36,150
1251
+ choice ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ chloramphenicol ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุบูˆ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:22:36,150 --> 00:22:39,690
1255
+ ุฎุงู„ุต ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ hands out ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุง ูˆ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:22:39,690 --> 00:22:44,390
1259
+ tetracycline could be also usedููŠ ุฃู† ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุฌูˆู† ุนู†ู‡
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:22:44,390 --> 00:22:47,530
1263
+ homophilus duquery ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ STD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:47,530 --> 00:22:49,830
1267
+ sexually transmitted disease ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gram
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:49,830 --> 00:22:53,510
1271
+ negative ุจุณ ุงู„ lie cultured on chocolate agar
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:53,510 --> 00:22:56,750
1275
+ requires only X factor ู…ุด ุฏู‡ homophilus influenza
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:56,750 --> 00:23:03,750
1279
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† causesุดุงู†ูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ูˆุดุงู†ูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠุฏ ุงูŠุฏ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:23:03,750 --> 00:23:08,230
1283
+ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ุชุฑูŠุจูˆู†ูŠู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุจูˆู†ูŠู…ุง ุจุงู„ูŠุฏูˆู…
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:23:08,230 --> 00:23:12,190
1287
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณูŠูู„ุณ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠุฌูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ genital
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:23:12,190 --> 00:23:17,440
1291
+ area ู„ู„ infected people ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุดุงู†ูƒุฑุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุดู†ูƒุฑ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:20,920
1295
+ ุงู„ Legion ุงุณู…ู‡ ุดู†ูƒุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุจุซุฑุฉ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:24,620
1299
+ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจูู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:23:24,620 --> 00:23:28,020
1303
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ syphilis ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุฑุถู‡
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:23:28,020 --> 00:23:31,280
1307
+ ุจุซุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ external genitalia ู„ุฅู†ููƒุช people ุชุดุจู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:35,200
1311
+ ุงู„ุจุซุฑุฉ ุชุจุนุช ู…ูŠู† ุชุญุช ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ syphilis ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุดู†ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฏ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:39,380
1315
+ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุดู†ูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ syphilis treatment
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:39,380 --> 00:23:42,860
1319
+ ceftriaxone ุฃูˆ ciprofloxacin ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:42,860 --> 00:23:50,020
1323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงููŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุชุงู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:50,020 --> 00:23:54,780
1327
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ gardenella gardenella vaginalis ูˆูƒุงู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ููŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:54,780 --> 00:23:57,240
1331
+ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุดูˆููŠู† ููŠ ุณุทุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุดุจุงุจ ูƒุงู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:57,240 --> 00:24:01,040
1335
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ vaginalis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:07,360
1339
+ ุตูุงุช ุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆูู„ุณ ุงุญุฏ ู…ูŠุฒุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:07,360 --> 00:24:11,740
1343
+ normal flora of fifty percent of normal healthy
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:24:11,740 --> 00:24:17,460
1347
+ femalesุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง normal part of
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:24:17,460 --> 00:24:21,080
1351
+ the vaginal normal flora ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ diseaseุŸ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:26,700
1355
+ ุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ it is found in small
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:24:26,700 --> 00:24:31,160
1359
+ numbers in vaginal secretions of fifty percent of
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:36,280
1363
+ normal woman small numbers ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ number ุชุจุนู‡ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:40,000
1367
+ ู†ุญุฏูˆุฏูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ normal
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:43,640
1371
+ flora ููŠ ุงู„ intestine ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ antibiotics ุฃูˆ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:48,120
1375
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุนูŠู† or moral changeุŸ ูƒุงู†ุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุช
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:48,120 --> 00:24:52,560
1379
+ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ normal microbiota ูˆ overgrowth ู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠุงุช
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:56,460
1383
+ ูู„ู…ู‘ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุจุชู‡ู… ุงู„ vaginitis
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:56,460 --> 00:25:01,320
1387
+ bacterial vaginitis characterized by ุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:01,320 --> 00:25:06,600
1391
+ vagina ุฏู‡ ุชุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ูƒุฑูŠู‡ุฉุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง fish-like odor ูุดูŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:06,600 --> 00:25:10,660
1395
+ ุงูˆุถุฑ ุฒูŠ ุฑุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุจุณ ุฑุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุฑูŠู‡ุฉ ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:25:10,660 --> 00:25:14,240
1399
+ lab diagnosis ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฌุฏุง ุณู‡ู„ ุจุงู„ gram stain
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:20,080
1403
+ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฑุง ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง clue cell clue cell ุดูˆูุช ุงู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:26,070
1407
+ clue cell ุงูŠุด ุงู„ clue cell ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†epithelial cell
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:25:26,070 --> 00:25:33,050
1411
+ ู…ุบุทูŠุฉ ู…ุบุทุงุฉ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุงุณู…ุฉ Gardner's vaginalis
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:25:33,050 --> 00:25:37,070
1415
+ ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ normal epithelial cells ู…ู†
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:25:37,070 --> 00:25:40,810
1419
+ ุงู„ vagina ุชู…ุงู… ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:25:40,810 --> 00:25:43,930
1423
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุนุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ clue cell ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ clue
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:25:43,930 --> 00:25:50,680
1427
+ cell ุงู„ clue cell ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ paintedู…ุฏู‡ูˆู†ู‡ุง
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:25:50,680 --> 00:25:56,340
1431
+ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:25:56,340 --> 00:26:00,380
1435
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูˆุงุถุญุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:00,380 --> 00:26:06,060
1439
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง CluselุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Clusel ู…ู† vaginal smear
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:26:06,060 --> 00:26:10,460
1443
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุคุดุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:26:10,460 --> 00:26:12,240
1447
+ gardenella vaginalis
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:26:14,890 --> 00:26:18,050
1451
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:26:18,050 --> 00:26:21,930
1455
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู…ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† Hemophilus and Bordetella
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:26:21,930 --> 00:26:27,130
1459
+ ุงู„ Bordetella ุงู„ species ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:29,450
1463
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Bordetella pertosis
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:26:33,370 --> 00:26:36,130
1467
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฏูŠูƒูŠ .. ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฏูŠูƒูŠ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:26:36,130 --> 00:26:39,690
1471
+ ุจูˆุฑุชูŠู„ุงุจูŠุฑุชูˆุฒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฏูŠูƒูŠ ู†ุนู… ูˆุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:26:39,690 --> 00:26:44,070
1475
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ .. ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ DPTุŸ ูƒู†ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:26:44,070 --> 00:26:49,830
1479
+ ุฏูุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุฑุชูˆุฒ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ุฏูุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:26:49,830 --> 00:26:54,130
1483
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูˆุณ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ูŠู†ุŸุงู„ุจุฑุฏูˆุชูŠู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:26:54,130 --> 00:26:58,310
1487
+ ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ vaccine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ DBT ุงู„ุจุฑุฏูˆุชูŠู„ุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:26:58,310 --> 00:27:01,890
1491
+ ุจูŠุฑุชูˆุณุณ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:27:01,890 --> 00:27:07,530
1495
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุนุจุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฏุงุด ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฑุฐุงุฐ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนุทุณ ุงูˆ ุนู†ุฏ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:27:07,530 --> 00:27:12,820
1499
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจู…ุง ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:27:12,820 --> 00:27:15,880
1503
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุฃูŠ disease ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ respiratory
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:27:15,880 --> 00:27:20,120
1507
+ tract ูู‡ูŠ respiratory transmitted ุงุฐุง ุงู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:20,120 --> 00:27:23,060
1511
+ transmission by the respiratory tract route from
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:27:23,060 --> 00:27:27,200
1515
+ early case and possibly via carriers ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:32,020
1519
+ ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู†ุณุงู† ู…ุตุงุจ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุณุงู† ุณู„ูŠู… ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:27:32,020 --> 00:27:39,030
1523
+ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ู† carrier ุงู„ู‰ ุงู†ุณุงู† ุณู„ูŠู…ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:27:39,030 --> 00:27:41,910
1527
+ ุงู„ disease ุจุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:27:41,910 --> 00:27:44,950
1531
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุงู„ู‚ุตุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:27:44,950 --> 00:27:49,510
1535
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูŠู„ูŠุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฌูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ lungs ุงู„ lungs ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:27:49,510 --> 00:27:53,430
1539
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ุจู†ุชู†ูุณ ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‡ูˆุง ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูู…
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:27:53,430 --> 00:27:56,430
1543
+ ูˆ ุงู„ูู… ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุงุตู„ุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุง ู…ู„ูŠุงู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:27:56,430 --> 00:27:59,350
1547
+ ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง ููŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ lungs ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ lungs
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:27:59,350 --> 00:28:04,470
1551
+ ุงุนุชุจุฑู†ุงู‡ุง sterile ู„ูŠุดุŸู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู„ุทุฑุฏ ุงู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:28:04,470 --> 00:28:09,710
1555
+ micro organism ู„ู„ุงุณุชูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:28:09,710 --> 00:28:12,670
1559
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆูƒุงุณ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุทุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆูƒุงุณ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ lungs
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:28:12,670 --> 00:28:16,970
1563
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุณุชูŠุฑุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ ุนู†
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:28:16,970 --> 00:28:23,990
1567
+ ุงู„ุทุฑุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุงู†
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:28:23,990 --> 00:28:26,970
1571
+ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู†ุช ุฌุงุนุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุด ุนู„ุงุฌ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:28:26,970 --> 00:28:32,600
1575
+ ุจูŠุฏูƒูˆุชู†ุงู† ุดุงู„ุง ุฌูˆู‡ุงู†ุง ูƒูŠู ูŠุตูŠุญ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุชุŸ ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุบูŠุฑ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:37,380
1579
+ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุนุฏ ูˆุณู…ูˆู‡
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:37,380 --> 00:28:41,120
1583
+ ู…ุตุนุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุตุนุฏ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:46,240
1587
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠุงู†ุงู„ุงู† ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู€ sputum ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:50,760
1591
+ ูˆุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง .. ุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุฅู† ุจุฑุถู‡
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:28:50,760 --> 00:28:54,720
1595
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:58,740
1599
+ irritation ู„ุฅุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ irritation ุจูŠุนู…ู„
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:28:58,740 --> 00:29:03,240
1603
+ triggering ู„ู„ cuff mechanism ู„ู‚ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:29:03,240 --> 00:29:10,190
1607
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุจู†ูƒุญุจู†ุทุฑุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ reaction ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:29:10,190 --> 00:29:13,390
1611
+ reaction ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒุญ ูˆ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:29:13,390 --> 00:29:18,670
1615
+ ู†ุฑุชุงุญ ุจู†ูƒู„ ูƒุญุฉ ูˆ ูƒุญุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ irritation
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:29:18,670 --> 00:29:26,650
1619
+ continuousุจูŠุถุทุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฅู† ูƒุญู‘ุฉ ู…ุชูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูู‚ุฏ ูƒู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:29:26,650 --> 00:29:30,230
1623
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุญู‘ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุงูุน ู…ู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:29:30,230 --> 00:29:32,310
1627
+ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ุตุญ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุŸ ู…ุฏุงูุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ lungs
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:29:32,310 --> 00:29:35,950
1631
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ content ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ lungs
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:35,950 --> 00:29:41,330
1635
+ ูู…ุง ุจูŠุฎู„ุต ุงู„ูƒุญู‘ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ he's
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:29:41,330 --> 00:29:45,590
1639
+ hungry for air ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฌูˆุนุงู† ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฃูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:29:45,590 --> 00:29:52,310
1643
+ ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู†ูุจุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆุดุงูุช ุจุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุจุฑ ุนุจุฑ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:29:52,310 --> 00:29:56,390
1647
+ constructed ุงูŠุด ุงู†ุง constructedุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุถูŠู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:29:56,390 --> 00:29:59,410
1651
+ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุจูุนู„ ุงู„ุชูƒุณูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง construction
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:29:59,410 --> 00:30:05,610
1655
+ ูู„ู…ุง ูŠู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงูƒูŠุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:05,610 --> 00:30:08,070
1659
+ whoops ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง whooping cough ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:30:08,070 --> 00:30:12,430
1663
+ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒูŠ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:30:12,430 --> 00:30:15,690
1667
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงูˆ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ mechanism ุจุชุญุฏุซ ู…ู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:30:15,690 --> 00:30:20,220
1671
+ ุงู„ diseaseุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูŠู…ุฑ ุจุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูƒุงุชุฑุงู„ ุงุณุชุงุฌ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:24,180
1675
+ ูˆุจุฑุงุฌุฒูˆู…ุงู„ ุงุณุชุงุฌ ูˆconvalescent ุงุณุชุงุฌ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:30:24,180 --> 00:30:28,620
1679
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุฃูŠู‡
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:30:28,620 --> 00:30:32,860
1683
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงุชุฑุงู„ ุงุณุชุงุฌ with an irritating cough
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:30:32,860 --> 00:30:38,790
1687
+ which lasts for one to two weeksูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุณุชู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:30:38,790 --> 00:30:41,410
1691
+ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ูˆ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒูŠู .. ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุนุงุฑู ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ุนุงุฑู
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:30:41,410 --> 00:30:44,850
1695
+ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชุนุฑูู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฑุดุญ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:30:44,850 --> 00:30:51,090
1699
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ runny nose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ู ุณูŠู„ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† low
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:30:51,090 --> 00:30:53,710
1703
+ grade fever ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ุชู…ุงู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:30:53,710 --> 00:30:59,170
1707
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:30:59,170 --> 00:31:02,810
1711
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุณุจูˆุน
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:31:03,270 --> 00:31:07,990
1715
+ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆุตุนุจุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌุฒูŠู†ุงู„
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:31:07,990 --> 00:31:11,820
1719
+ ุงุณุชูŠุดู†ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุจุงู„ู€ Symptoms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:31:11,820 --> 00:31:15,740
1723
+ ุฐูƒุฑุชู„ูƒูˆุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒู ุงู„ุนู†ูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ ูˆ characterized
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:31:15,740 --> 00:31:18,100
1727
+ by violent coughs followed by high respiratory
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:31:18,100 --> 00:31:24,320
1731
+ whoops last for two to six weeks ู…ู† ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุณุช
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:28,180
1735
+ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุซู„
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:31:28,180 --> 00:31:31,500
1739
+ ู„ู„ุดูุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงู‡ุง Convalescent stage
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:31:31,500 --> 00:31:34,840
1743
+ where the cough gradually decreases in frequency
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:40,790
1747
+ and severity last for several weeksู‡ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:31:40,790 --> 00:31:46,950
1751
+ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ frequency ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู ูˆุงู„ูƒู ุจูŠุทูˆู„
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:31:46,950 --> 00:31:50,710
1755
+ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ุงุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุงุช ุงูˆ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:31:50,710 --> 00:31:56,330
1759
+ ูƒู„ ุฎู…ุณ ุณุงุนุงุช ุงูˆ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชู…ุงู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒู ุจูŠุธู„
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:31:56,330 --> 00:32:04,550
1763
+ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุงุณุงุจูŠุน ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู„
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:32:04,550 --> 00:32:09,460
1767
+ fatality rate ู…ุด ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ 75ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:32:09,460 --> 00:32:13,960
1771
+ ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฏุซ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:18,900
1775
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆููŠุงุช ุชุญุฏุซ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุถุน ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุฑุถุน
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:32:18,900 --> 00:32:23,460
1779
+ ุจุงู„ุฐุงุชุŸ ูƒูŠูุŸ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:32:25,580 --> 00:32:29,900
1783
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ secretions ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:32:29,900 --> 00:32:34,000
1787
+ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:38,000
1791
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุงุนูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑูƒ ุชู…ุงู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,200
1795
+ nutrition ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุช ..
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:32:41,200 --> 00:32:44,620
1799
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุถุงุนุฉ ู‡ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coughing
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:32:44,620 --> 00:32:48,260
1803
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ coughing ูุงู„ immune system
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:32:48,260 --> 00:32:54,360
1807
+ ุชุจุนู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠูSigns and symptoms ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:32:54,360 --> 00:32:56,980
1811
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง runny nose, sneezing,
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:32:57,020 --> 00:33:00,500
1815
+ ุฃุนุทุณ, mild cough, low grade fever ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:33:00,500 --> 00:33:07,260
1819
+ ุชุจู‚ูˆู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ุจุฑูˆุฌุฒูŠู…ุงู„ stage ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:33:07,260 --> 00:33:11,280
1823
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุดู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ viral
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:33:11,280 --> 00:33:16,690
1827
+ infection characterized by lymphocytosisูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:33:16,690 --> 00:33:20,710
1831
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง differential blood film ู…ู† ุงู„ blood
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:33:20,710 --> 00:33:24,630
1835
+ film ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ lymphocyte ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู†
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:33:24,630 --> 00:33:27,670
1839
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ neutrophil ูˆุงู„ bacterial infection ุงู„
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:33:27,670 --> 00:33:32,250
1843
+ neutrophil ุจูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุฑุชูุน ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ neutrophil ููŠ
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:33:32,250 --> 00:33:35,290
1847
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฏู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุญู„ุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:33:35,290 --> 00:33:39,380
1851
+ lymphocytes ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ lymphocytosisู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:33:39,380 --> 00:33:46,740
1855
+ lymphocytosis ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุงุฌู… ุนู† lymphocytosis ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ูƒู†
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:33:46,740 --> 00:33:49,580
1859
+ ู„ู„ุฃุณู ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู…ูŠุฒ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:33:49,580 --> 00:33:52,580
1863
+ ู‡ุฐุง lymphocytosis ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุด ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:33:52,580 --> 00:33:56,780
1867
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ lymphocytosis ููƒู†ุช ุจูŠ confused with
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:33:56,780 --> 00:34:01,600
1871
+ viral infection ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒูˆู† ุฃุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:34:01,600 --> 00:34:04,760
1875
+ border telepertosis ุงู„ lymphocyte ุชุฑุชูุน ู„ู…ุงุฐุง
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:08,560
1879
+ ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ lymphocytes ุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ bordella
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:11,940
1883
+ pertosis strains contains peptide that promotes
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:34:11,940 --> 00:34:16,760
1887
+ marked lymphocytosis in the host ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ markedุŸ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:34:16,760 --> 00:34:23,620
1891
+ marked ูˆุงุถุญ lymphocytosis ูƒูŠูุŸ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:34:23,620 --> 00:34:29,080
1895
+ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ .. ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฏูˆุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:33,500
1899
+ lymphocytesุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ lymphocyte ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู…ุนู‡ุง
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:34:33,500 --> 00:34:37,980
1903
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุฒู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆุชุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:34:37,980 --> 00:34:43,260
1907
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู‚ุงู…ุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ peptide ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:34:43,260 --> 00:34:49,680
1911
+ lymphocyteูุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุฏูุนุฉ ุทู„ุนุช ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุฏูุนุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:34:49,680 --> 00:34:54,200
1915
+ ุฏูุนุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุฏูˆู† ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ lymphocytes
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:34:54,200 --> 00:34:57,680
1919
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุณูŠุฑูู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:34:57,680 --> 00:35:02,080
1923
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ lymphocytes ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฑุงูŠุญุช ูƒุงูุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:06,080
1927
+ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ portulapertosis ูˆุงู†ู…ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ peptide
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:13,370
1931
+ ู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงุฆู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุทูู„ ููŠ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:35:13,370 --> 00:35:17,210
1935
+ .. ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ูˆุงู†ุง ุจุงู†ุตุญูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงุน ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:35:17,210 --> 00:35:23,670
1939
+ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช visit youtube ูˆุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ whooping cough ุงูˆ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:35:23,670 --> 00:35:27,910
1943
+ pertosis videos ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุคุฐูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:35:27,910 --> 00:35:30,750
1947
+ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงู„
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:35:30,750 --> 00:35:36,340
1951
+ symptoms ุชุจุนุฏุงู„ borrelia pertosis ุจูŠุดุจู‡ .. ุฅุฐุง
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:35:36,340 --> 00:35:38,320
1955
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ูŠู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ cholratoxin
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:35:38,320 --> 00:35:41,580
1959
+ .. ุงู„ cholratoxin ู„ุฅู†ู‡ .. ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:35:41,580 --> 00:35:44,180
1963
+ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฌูˆู†ุง ู‡ุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ intestine ูˆ ู‡ุฏุง ููŠ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:35:44,180 --> 00:35:49,780
1967
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ respiratory tractOrganism short
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:35:49,780 --> 00:35:53,160
1971
+ avoid ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุฌุฑุงู… negative ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:35:53,160 --> 00:35:56,400
1975
+ ุงูŠุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ cocoa ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:35:56,400 --> 00:36:00,460
1979
+ ุงูŠุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ complex ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ complex
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:36:00,460 --> 00:36:04,100
1983
+ enriched media is required for the isolation ุงุณู…
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:36:04,100 --> 00:36:09,110
1987
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุจูˆุฑุฏุช ุฌูŠู†ุฌูˆ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุจูˆุฑุฏุช ุฌูŠู†ุฌูˆ ุฃุฌุงุฑุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:36:09,110 --> 00:36:12,930
1991
+ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Lorinstein
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:36:12,930 --> 00:36:17,510
1995
+ ุฌู†ุณ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒูˆุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€TCPS ููŠ ุงู„ู€Vibrio
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:36:17,510 --> 00:36:21,510
1999
+ cholera ุจู†ุฑุจุท ุงู„board ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุฌูˆ ููŠ ุงู„board ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุณ
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:36:21,510 --> 00:36:25,250
2003
+ it is non-motile, urease negative, nitrate
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:36:25,250 --> 00:36:30,930
2007
+ negative ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุฒุฑุนู‡ุง ุตุญุŸ ู‡ู†ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:36:30,930 --> 00:36:35,910
2011
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ cuff
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:36:35,910 --> 00:36:41,760
2015
+ plateุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูˆ
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:36:41,760 --> 00:36:47,850
2019
+ ูŠุฌุฑุจูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒุญูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:36:47,850 --> 00:36:51,450
2023
+ ุงู„ุฑุถุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูŠุฒุฑุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุฒุฑุน ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ุจู†ุณูƒุฑ
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:36:51,450 --> 00:36:55,190
2027
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ incubation ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุณู…ูˆู‡ calf plate
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:36:55,190 --> 00:36:59,470
2031
+ ุฌุฏุงุด ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ plates 35 degree
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:36:59,470 --> 00:37:02,070
2035
+ centigrade ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:37:02,070 --> 00:37:06,030
2039
+ ู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ fastidious ู…ุง
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:37:06,030 --> 00:37:11,070
2043
+ ุจุชู†ู…ูˆุด ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉู…ูŠู† ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:37:11,070 --> 00:37:19,850
2047
+ bacteria that resembles mercury droplets ู‡ูˆ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:37:19,850 --> 00:37:24,230
2051
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุจุงุฑุฏ ูุฑุงู†ุณุณูŠู„ุง ุชูˆู„ุฑุงู†ุณุณ ุนู„ู‰ CGPA
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:37:24,230 --> 00:37:28,790
2055
+ ูุฑุงู†ุณุณูŠู„ุง ุชูˆู„ุฑุงู†ุณุณ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:37:28,790 --> 00:37:33,630
2059
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงู†ุณุณูŠู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ board ุฌูŠู†ุฌูˆ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูˆ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:37:33,630 --> 00:37:37,230
2063
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง mercury droplet colonies ุจุฑุถู‡
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:37:37,230 --> 00:37:41,650
2067
+ surrounded by a zone of hemolysisุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:37:41,650 --> 00:37:44,990
2071
+ ู…ู† ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุจูˆุฑุฏูŠู„ุงุจูŠุฑุชูˆุณุฒ ุจุฅู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฒ are
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:37:44,990 --> 00:37:47,930
2075
+ confirmed by agglutinating with polyvalent ุงูˆ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:37:47,930 --> 00:37:49,410
2079
+ monovalent antiserum
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:37:54,600 --> 00:37:59,220
2083
+ ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ bordetella
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:37:59,220 --> 00:38:02,080
2087
+ pertosis ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ bordetella pertosis ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุฑุชูˆุณุณ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:38:02,080 --> 00:38:07,420
2091
+ ููŠ ุงู„ parapertosis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุฑุชูˆุณุณ ู„ูƒู† ุดูƒู„ ุฃุฎู
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:38:07,420 --> 00:38:11,200
2095
+ ุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ bordetella pertosis ุงุฐุง
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:15,420
2099
+ bordetella pertosis bordetella parapertosis ุดูุชูˆุง
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:38:15,420 --> 00:38:18,780
2103
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ typhoid ูˆparatyphoid
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:38:19,620 --> 00:38:22,760
2107
+ Hemophilus influenza, Parainfluenza, Hemophilus
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:38:22,760 --> 00:38:26,440
2111
+ Afrophilus, Hemophilus Parafrophilus ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู†
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:31,000
2115
+ ุจูˆุฑุฏุชู„ุง ุจูŠุฑุชูˆุณุณ ูˆ ุจูˆุฑุฏุชู„ุง ุจุงุฑุง ุจูŠุฑุชูˆุณุณ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:35,640
2119
+ ุจุฑูˆู†ูƒูŠูˆ ุณูŠุจุชูŠูƒุง ุจูˆุฑุฏุชู„ุง ุจุฑูˆู†ูƒูŠูˆ ุณูŠุจุชูŠูƒุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุณุจุจ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:41,560
2123
+ ุจุฑูˆู†ูƒูŠูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆู†ุงุฑูŠ disease ุงู„ุทู„ุงุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:38:41,560 --> 00:38:44,860
2127
+ ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู†
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:38:44,860 --> 00:38:48,700
2131
+ ุจุนุถู‡ุงุจู‚ูˆู„ ูŠูู‡ู… ุฏูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ features ุฒูŠ ุงู„
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:38:48,700 --> 00:38:51,760
2135
+ growth on blood free media ูƒู„ู…ุฉ blood free media
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:56,380
2139
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุณุท ุฎุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… motility, urease, citrate,
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:38:56,500 --> 00:38:57,860
2143
+ nitrate reduction ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ blood free media
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:38:57,860 --> 00:39:01,940
2147
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุชูˆุณุฒ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู for all it cannot grow on a blood
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:39:01,940 --> 00:39:06,160
2151
+ free media ุจุฏู‡ุง blood ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง it is non motile
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:39:06,160 --> 00:39:09,480
2155
+ it is urease negative it is citrate negative it is
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:12,360
2159
+ nitrate reduction negative ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:39:12,360 --> 00:39:18,170
2163
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ parapertosispositive ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ู…ุนู‡ุง
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:39:18,170 --> 00:39:21,410
2167
+ ุตูุชูŠู† ุงู„ motility ูˆ ุงู„ nitrate reduction ูˆ ุงู„
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:39:21,410 --> 00:39:25,130
2171
+ bronchieuceptica positive ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:39:25,130 --> 00:39:29,770
2175
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ hemophilus
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:39:29,770 --> 00:39:33,170
2179
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ three species ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:39:33,170 --> 00:39:35,850
2183
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ treatment ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:39:35,850 --> 00:39:39,190
2187
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ erythromycin
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:39:39,190 --> 00:39:44,190
2191
+ is a drug of choice ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:39:44,190 --> 00:39:49,110
2195
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ููŠ ุงู„ treatment .. ููŠ ุงู„ treatment ุจู†ู…ู†ุน ุงู„
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:39:49,110 --> 00:39:51,770
2199
+ progression of the disease ูˆ ุจู† .. ุจู† .. ุจู† ..
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:39:51,770 --> 00:39:56,770
2203
+ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุจู†ู‚ุตุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู†ูุณู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ treatment
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:39:56,770 --> 00:40:04,830
2207
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุตุฑุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุฎุฑ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:40:04,830 --> 00:40:07,370
2211
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุฌูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ three stages ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ catural,
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:40:07,690 --> 00:40:11,390
2215
+ paroxysmal ูˆconvalescent ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง course of the
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:40:11,390 --> 00:40:15,350
2219
+ disease ุณูˆุงุก ุงุนุทูŠุช treatment ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุงุนุทูŠุช treatment
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:40:15,350 --> 00:40:20,320
2223
+ ุงู„ course ู‡ูŠู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ treatment ู…ู…ูƒู†
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:40:20,320 --> 00:40:24,920
2227
+ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ suffering ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:40:24,920 --> 00:40:30,140
2231
+ frequency ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ุนุฏู…
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:40:30,140 --> 00:40:34,180
2235
+ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:40:34,180 --> 00:40:37,520
2239
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง inactivated ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ course of the
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:40,720
2243
+ disease ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ุจูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:40:40,720 --> 00:40:45,640
2247
+ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ legionella pneumophila ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:49,680
2251
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
2252
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwa_IUmPLSdzu8haq0_fdQUd/z22vrEWh5vM_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2576 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,060 --> 00:00:26,040
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… to sum up ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ ููŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:26,040 --> 00:00:29,460
7
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ Gram
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:29,460 --> 00:00:33,800
11
+ Negative Diplococci ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุดูู†ุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:38,460
15
+ species ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ุฌูˆู†ุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ููŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:38,460 --> 00:00:41,840
19
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ non pathogen ู„ูƒู† ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:44,820
23
+ ุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุตุงุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Brannhamella
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:48,890
27
+ caturalisู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ one of the
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:48,890 --> 00:00:51,010
31
+ most ุฃูˆ the second most common sexually
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:51,010 --> 00:00:53,690
35
+ transmitted disease ููŠ ุงู„ western hemisphere ููŠ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:53,690 --> 00:00:57,370
39
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:57,370 --> 00:01:02,050
43
+ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุชู… ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุทุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅุณู… 130 ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฃุนุทุงู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,050 --> 00:01:06,830
47
+ ุงุณู… ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ gallon ููŠ 130 ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู†ูŠุณุฑ ู‡ูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,830 --> 00:01:10,990
51
+ ุงูƒุดูู‡ุง ุงูƒุดู ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู…ูŠ ูˆุชูƒุฑูŠู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุณู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,990 --> 00:01:14,690
55
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ host ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,690 --> 00:01:18,470
59
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุทุฑู‚ู†ุง ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ characteristics ู„ุฏู‰
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:18,470 --> 00:01:20,850
63
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง Gram-nated ุจู„ูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠูˆูƒุณ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:20,850 --> 00:01:23,930
67
+ ุฏุงูŠุฒ ุจูุณุชูุŒ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ its
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,930 --> 00:01:29,870
71
+ ability to utilize dextrose onlyุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:29,870 --> 00:01:34,170
75
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฒุงูŠุชุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ both maltose and ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:34,170 --> 00:01:39,050
79
+ dextrose. ูƒู…ุงู† ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุนุฏู… ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:39,050 --> 00:01:42,410
83
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุฒูŠ ุงู„ nutrient agarุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:42,410 --> 00:01:47,740
87
+ other bacteriaุŒ ุงู„ other non pathogen can grow.ููŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:47,740 --> 00:01:49,960
91
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุณ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,960 --> 00:01:52,900
95
+ ู†ุฐูƒุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Antigenic Variation ู„ู„ุจูŠู„ุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,900 --> 00:01:56,500
99
+ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒุฃุณุงุณ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒู„ุฑ Characterization ุฃูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:56,500 --> 00:01:58,880
103
+ ุงู„ุงุจุฏูŠู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒุงู„ Characterization ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:06,360
107
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูƒุชูุณูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆูุฑ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:09,840
111
+ ู…ู† ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู†ุง Antigenic
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,840 --> 00:02:14,150
115
+ Variation ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุนู† ูƒูŠูุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:16,690
119
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง Gram Stain ู…ู† Urethral Discharge ูˆู…ูŠุฒู†ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:16,690 --> 00:02:19,710
123
+ ุจูŠู‡ุง Urethral Discharge ู…ู† Male ูˆู…ู† FemaleุŒ ุฌูุฏู†ุง
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:19,710 --> 00:02:23,950
127
+ ู…ู† Male Presumptively ุงู†ู‡ุง ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:23,950 --> 00:02:26,870
131
+ Female ู„ุงุชุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุก ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุง normal
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:26,870 --> 00:02:33,290
135
+ effluent ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:33,290 --> 00:02:36,050
139
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…ูŠุฑุŒ ุฌูุฏู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† Intracellular ุชุนู†ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:36,050 --> 00:02:39,770
143
+ acute ูˆุฅุฐุง Extracellular ุชุนู†ูŠ chronic infection
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:40,960 --> 00:02:46,080
147
+ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ chocolate agar ูƒ media ูˆ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:49,260
151
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ blood agar ู„ูƒู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:49,260 --> 00:02:52,660
155
+ blood agar ู‚ุฏ ุชุณู…ุญ ุจู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ูƒูˆู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:52,660 --> 00:02:56,820
159
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุญุณุงุณุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง delicate ูุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:56,820 --> 00:03:00,600
163
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ component ููŠ ุงู„ blood agar ุณุงู… ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:03,940
167
+ ูู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุณุฎู†ุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงูƒูˆู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:03,940 --> 00:03:07,280
171
+ chocolate agar ู…ุถุทุฑ ุงุณุฎู† ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู†ูˆูŠุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:12,250
175
+ ู‡ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณุฎูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ุชู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€ toxic material
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:12,250 --> 00:03:15,750
179
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ blood ูˆูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ CO2
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:15,750 --> 00:03:20,330
183
+ ุฃุตู„ุง ู„ู†ู…ูˆู‡ ุดุจุงุจ ูู‡ุฐุง ูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงู† ู…ุฏุนุงูŠ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:20,330 --> 00:03:24,390
187
+ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุฑ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ transport media ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:24,390 --> 00:03:28,210
191
+ transport media ูู‚ุท ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูุงู
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:28,210 --> 00:03:32,550
195
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:32,550 --> 00:03:35,750
199
+ processing ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง is very sensitive
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:35,750 --> 00:03:39,710
203
+ to dryingูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงุฎุฑ ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุงุฐูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซูŠุฑ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:39,710 --> 00:03:42,870
207
+ ู…ุงุฑุชูŠู† ุงุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ three antibiotics one
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:42,870 --> 00:03:46,510
211
+ for pancomycin, colestin and nestatine ูˆ ุงู„
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:46,510 --> 00:03:52,170
215
+ nestatine ุถูู†ุง ู„ุบุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:52,170 --> 00:03:54,470
219
+ fungal infection ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ candida albicans ..
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:54,470 --> 00:03:57,170
223
+ candida albicans ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ candida
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:57,170 --> 00:03:59,650
227
+ albicans ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† normal flora ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ููŠ ุงู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:59,650 --> 00:04:03,430
231
+ vagina ู„ู„ femaleูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ antifungal
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:03,430 --> 00:04:06,970
235
+ it will overgrow .. overgrow ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุงุชุบุทูŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:06,970 --> 00:04:11,110
239
+ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุงุจ ุงู† ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ุฑูŠุง ูˆ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:11,110 --> 00:04:14,690
243
+ ู‡ุงุฑูƒูˆุง ุฃุทุจุงู‚ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฅุถุงูุฉ antibiotic ูˆ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:14,690 --> 00:04:20,970
247
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุถุงูุฉ antibiotics .. Candida Albicans ..
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:20,970 --> 00:04:22,690
251
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงุณู… ู…ูŠุงุฏุฉ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:51,740 --> 00:04:56,640
255
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:56,640 --> 00:05:01,670
259
+ ุทุจู‚ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฒุฑูˆุนุฉุนู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ general
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:01,670 --> 00:05:03,630
263
+ median ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุงุฌุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ selective
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:03,630 --> 00:05:06,070
267
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุซูŠุฑ ู…ุงุฑุชู† ุงุฌุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ general
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:06,070 --> 00:05:11,550
271
+ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒุซูŠู ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:11,550 --> 00:05:14,790
275
+ ู…ุด ุจุณ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู…ุช ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:14,790 --> 00:05:18,110
279
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงูŠุถุง ู†ู…ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุซูŠุฑ ู…ุงุฑุชู† ุงุฌุงุฑ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:18,110 --> 00:05:21,830
283
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฎููŠู ุฌุฏุง ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู… ูู‚ุท
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:21,830 --> 00:05:27,210
287
+ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุงูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุฑุงุฑุง ูˆุงุชูƒุฑุงุฑุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:27,210 --> 00:05:32,190
291
+ selective media ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:32,190 --> 00:05:39,430
295
+ ุนุฒู„ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู…ุด ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุน others ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:39,430 --> 00:05:42,830
299
+ diagram
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:42,830 --> 00:05:48,460
303
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุชุงู† ุตุบุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:48,460 --> 00:05:51,080
307
+ ุงู†ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… oxidized positive ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุณูˆุงุก
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:52,640
311
+ pathogenic ุงูˆ non pathogenic ูƒู„ู‡ู… oxidized
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:57,840
315
+ positive ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ utilization ู„ู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:57,840 --> 00:06:01,360
319
+ carbohydrate ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:06,020
323
+ ุงู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ pathogens ุนู† ุงู„ non pathogens ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:06,020 --> 00:06:10,080
327
+ ุนู„ู‰ low growth or no trend ุงุฌุงุฑ ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,610
331
+ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸู„ู„ู€ Parthogen ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:13,610 --> 00:06:17,470
335
+ ูˆ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุถุงูŠู„ูˆุณุŒ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจูˆุณุชุฑุŒ they can
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:17,470 --> 00:06:20,630
339
+ grow on nutrients etc. ุทุจุนุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:20,630 --> 00:06:23,430
343
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ .. ููŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ุงู…ุงุชุŒ ูุงุณุชูู‡ุงู† ุจุฅู†ู†ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:23,430 --> 00:06:28,470
347
+ ู†ู„ุบูŠ ุฎุงู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ุŒ ููŠู† ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุงุŸู…ูŠุฒุช ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:28,470 --> 00:06:31,750
351
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:31,750 --> 00:06:34,530
355
+ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูƒูŠุจุฏุฉ ู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:34,530 --> 00:06:37,770
359
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠุชุณ ูˆุงู„ู†ุงูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฏูŠูƒุณุชุฑูˆุฒ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:37,770 --> 00:06:40,850
363
+ positive ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ุงูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠุชุณ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูุฉ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:40,850 --> 00:06:44,250
367
+ ู„ู„ุฏูŠูƒุณุชุฑูˆุฒ ุนู†ุฏ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุงูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:44,250 --> 00:06:51,650
371
+ negative ู†ุฌุงุชูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠุงุช ููŠู‡ุง variation ู‡ุฐุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:51,650 --> 00:06:53,510
375
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุตุญูŠุญู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:06,220
379
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุถุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ ุจุณ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:06,220 --> 00:07:11,060
383
+ stain smear ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ white blood cell ุฅุฐุง ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:11,060 --> 00:07:14,140
387
+ ููŠ white blood cell ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุจู„ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠู
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:14,140 --> 00:07:18,000
391
+ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ white blood cell ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ู„ูƒู† ู‚ู„ุช ุฃู†ุง ููŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,610
395
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ intracellularูˆููŠ extra cellar ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:21,610 --> 00:07:25,490
399
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุฏูŠุŸ ุจู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:25,490 --> 00:07:29,690
403
+ boss cells ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:29,690 --> 00:07:33,210
407
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ number of white blood cell ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:33,210 --> 00:07:36,530
411
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:36,530 --> 00:07:40,270
415
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ intra cellar ูˆู„ุง extra cellarุŸ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:40,270 --> 00:07:43,470
419
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ intra cellar ูˆุจุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ report ุชุจุนูŠ boss
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:43,470 --> 00:07:46,990
423
+ cells ground made with cocaine ูˆ ุงู„ location ุชุจุนู‡ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:46,990 --> 00:07:50,080
427
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ intra cellar ูˆู„ุง extra cellarู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:54,480
431
+ ู„ูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ ู…ู† cultureุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ pure cultureุŒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:54,480 --> 00:07:59,080
435
+ ู…ุงููŠุด past cells ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:03,320
439
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆูŠุฉ under CO2 tension ุนู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:06,300
443
+ ูˆุณุท ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ู€chocolate agar ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€thiamartin
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:06,300 --> 00:08:09,700
447
+ agar ูˆุงู„thiamartin agar ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูˆุณุท ูŠุดุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:09,700 --> 00:08:13,240
451
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ chocolate agar ู„ูƒู† ู…ุถุงู
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:18,750
455
+ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ VCNูˆุงู„ Oxidase test
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:18,750 --> 00:08:21,850
459
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจูˆุณุชู ูˆ ุงู„ confirmatory ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:21,850 --> 00:08:26,010
463
+ fluorescent antibody tagging test ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:26,010 --> 00:08:29,730
467
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ oxidation ู„ู„ carbohydrate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ู…
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:29,730 --> 00:08:33,790
471
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ media ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู„ู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:33,790 --> 00:08:36,490
475
+ enterobacterias ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ off media ูˆูŠู†ู…ุง ุจุชุชู…
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:36,490 --> 00:08:41,090
479
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุณุท ุงุณู…ู‡ CTA cysteine tryptocase agar ู‡ุฐุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:41,090 --> 00:08:45,470
483
+ enriched media ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ู„ู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ off ุบูŠุฑ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:45,470 --> 00:08:47,270
487
+ ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:53,820
491
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุซุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:53,820 --> 00:08:57,960
495
+ chocolate agar over growth ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ fewer growth
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:57,960 --> 00:09:02,580
499
+ ูˆุฌูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูุตู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:02,580 --> 00:09:05,780
503
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูˆุฑ ุงู„ resistance ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:05,780 --> 00:09:09,400
507
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุตูู†ุงู‡ุง fragile ูˆุตูู†ุงู‡ุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:09,400 --> 00:09:14,900
511
+ delicate ุญุณุงุณุฉ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ู…ุคุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:16,030 --> 00:09:18,630
515
+ easily killed by drying for two hours ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:18,630 --> 00:09:22,750
519
+ ุชุฑูƒู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุชุฌู ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุงุชุช moist
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:22,750 --> 00:09:26,810
523
+ heat ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุทุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุงุก
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:26,810 --> 00:09:28,970
527
+ ุงูˆูŠุฉ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุงุก ุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:28,970 --> 00:09:31,930
531
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุบุณู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุชุงุก ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชูˆุถู‰
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:31,930 --> 00:09:36,390
535
+ ุจู†ุฏููŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:36,390 --> 00:09:39,430
539
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชู…ูˆุช ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ other
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:39,430 --> 00:09:42,830
543
+ bacteria maybe require ุณุจุนูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:42,830 --> 00:09:47,640
547
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉู…ุด ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† very susceptible
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:52,230
551
+ to antisepticsูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:52,230 --> 00:09:56,450
555
+ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒูˆุง ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ุชุงู‡ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุชุทู‡ูŠุฑ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:56,450 --> 00:09:59,490
559
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:59,490 --> 00:10:03,790
563
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุฃุซุงุฑ ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ antiseptic ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ุชู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:03,790 --> 00:10:08,370
567
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูุชุฎูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ silver nitrate
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:08,370 --> 00:10:12,610
571
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุชู„ุงู
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:12,610 --> 00:10:17,350
575
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ one part ู…ู† silver nitrate ู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุชู„ุงู part ู…ู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:17,350 --> 00:10:21,030
579
+ ุงู„ diluent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูƒุงููŠ ู„ู‚ุชู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:21,030 --> 00:10:30,650
583
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ in two minutes ุณุคุงู„ูƒ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:30,650 --> 00:10:37,890
587
+ ู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฎุงู„ุต ุงูŠู‡ ุฏุตูŠุชุชู‡ุŸ ุงุญู†ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:37,890 --> 00:10:41,110
591
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุงุŸู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุŸ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:41,110 --> 00:10:45,390
595
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฑูŠุซุฑุง ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ vagina ูู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:45,390 --> 00:10:49,870
599
+ swabs ู„ูƒู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชู…ุณุญ ูˆุฎุงูŠู ุงู† ุงู„ swabs ุชุชู„ูˆุซ ูุจุชู…ุณุญ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:49,870 --> 00:10:57,590
603
+ ุจ sterile warm salineOkay ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:57,590 --> 00:11:00,850
607
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงู‚ ู…ูˆุฑูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ููˆู‚
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:00,850 --> 00:11:04,190
611
+ ุงู„ incubator ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ incubation ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:04,190 --> 00:11:07,850
615
+ ุญุงุทูŠู†ู‡ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง bio chemical test ุงูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:07,850 --> 00:11:10,910
619
+ ุจู†ู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ autoclaving ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:10,910 --> 00:11:14,730
623
+ ุจุงู„ autoclaving ูู„ูˆ ุชุฑูƒู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงู‚ ู‡ุฐูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:14,730 --> 00:11:17,710
627
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ bacteria
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:17,710 --> 00:11:21,960
631
+ ู…ุงุชุชู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงู‚ ุฏู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ incubator ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:26,580
635
+ ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุน ู„ุณุช ุฃูŠุงู… ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชู…ูˆุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:26,580 --> 00:11:31,500
639
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:31,500 --> 00:11:35,960
643
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:42,060
647
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุจุณ ู†ู†ุชุจู‡ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:42,060 --> 00:11:46,640
651
+ ุงู„ cultures may die ุฅุฐุง ุชุฑูƒู†ุงู‡ู… ุจุฑุง at room
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:46,640 --> 00:11:52,020
655
+ temperatureุฎู„ุงู„ ูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:52,020 --> 00:11:55,440
659
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃูˆุถุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ media ููŠ ุงู„ culture media
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:59,080
663
+ ูุฏู‡ ุฐุงูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ surfaces ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุบุฐุงุก
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:03,220
667
+ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฌูุงู ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุชุจุงุนู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุฑูŠุน ุนุดุงู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:03,220 --> 00:12:07,100
671
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง it is specifically designed ุงู„ุฃู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:07,100 --> 00:12:11,940
675
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ gonococci are susceptible to
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:11,940 --> 00:12:17,010
679
+ sulphuramides and penicillinsalthough resistant
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:17,010 --> 00:12:23,550
683
+ strains have emerged ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:23,550 --> 00:12:28,410
687
+ ุณู„ูุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุตุงุฑุช resistant ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุตุงุฑ ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:28,410 --> 00:12:32,090
691
+ penicillin ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุงุฑ resistance ุฃุญูƒูŠู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:32,090 --> 00:12:39,080
695
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ resistanceุณู†ุฉ 1993 ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ..
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:39,080 --> 00:12:42,620
699
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุณุชูŠุฑ ูƒุงู† ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏู…
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:42,620 --> 00:12:46,520
703
+ presentation ุนู† ุงู„ antimicrobial resistance ูู„ุฌูŠุช
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:50,240
707
+ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ .. ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ .. ุจุญุซ ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ู„ุฌุช ุจุญุซ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:50,240 --> 00:12:54,060
711
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ ุนู† ุฅู† ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ูˆู†ุฌ ูƒูˆู†ุฌ ูƒุงู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:54,060 --> 00:12:59,800
715
+ ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† 99% resistance ู„ู„ุจู†ุณูŠู„ูŠู† 99% resistant
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:59,800 --> 00:13:03,720
719
+ ู„ู„ุจู†ุณูŠู„ูŠู†ุนู†ุฏ ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุฒู…ูŠู„ุงุชูŠ ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:07,300
723
+ ุณุฃู„ุชู‡ู… ุณุคุงู„ ู‚ู„ุชู„ู‡ู… ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:07,300 --> 00:13:11,380
727
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† resistance ุถุฏ ุงู„ antibiotics ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:11,380 --> 00:13:14,200
731
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† resistance ุถุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:14,200 --> 00:13:17,920
735
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูˆ ุถุฏ ุงู„chlor ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูˆ ุถุฏ ุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:21,060
739
+ antiseptics ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:27,260
743
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูƒุซู ูุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู† ูŠุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:27,260 --> 00:13:29,640
747
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุงู‡
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:34,600
751
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:34,600 --> 00:13:38,400
755
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† resistance ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู„
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:42,780
759
+ antibiotics ูˆู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† resistance ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:42,780 --> 00:13:54,000
763
+ ู„ู„ antiseptics ูˆ ุงู„ disinfectants ูŠุนู†ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:59,120
767
+ ู†ุตูŠุบูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจุณ ุจู†ุชูƒู…ู„ู‡
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:03,840
771
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ specific action ูŠุนู†ูŠ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:08,220
775
+ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑTetracycline binds to the 3rd S ribosomal
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:08,220 --> 00:14:11,540
779
+ subunit thus preventing protein synthesis ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:11,540 --> 00:14:15,380
783
+ ุฃูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ binding site ุจุชุงุน Tetracycline ุงู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:15,380 --> 00:14:17,820
787
+ Tetracycline will no longer be effective ูŠุจู‚ู‰
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:17,820 --> 00:14:21,460
791
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ุตุงุฑุช resistance ูŠุจู‚ู‰ specific action ู‡ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:21,460 --> 00:14:25,920
795
+ ุงู„ keyword ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„chlor ุจูŠุฎุฒุฌ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุชุจุน ุงู„ cell
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:29,000
799
+ wall ูˆ ุงู„ cell membrane ูˆ ุจุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆ ุจุถุฑุจ ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:34,050
803
+ DNA ูุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุนู„ุฃู† ุงู†ุช ุงุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:34,050 --> 00:14:40,810
807
+ resistance ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆ ุงู„ actionุงู„ู€ Single Specific
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:40,810 --> 00:14:44,070
811
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Multiple ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Oligodynamic Action
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:44,070 --> 00:14:49,350
815
+ Oligo ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุŒ Dynamic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุถุฑุจ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:49,350 --> 00:14:53,030
819
+ Oligodynamic Action ุฅุฐู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุฏู… ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:55,810
823
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง .. ูˆุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:55,810 --> 00:14:58,650
827
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฏู‰ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃุจุฏูŠุฉ ุฑุจู…ุง ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:58,650 --> 00:15:02,370
831
+ ู†ู„ุงุฌูŠ super strain ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ ..
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:02,370 --> 00:15:03,810
835
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:03,810 --> 00:15:03,890
839
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:03,890 --> 00:15:04,130
843
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:04,130 --> 00:15:04,410
847
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:04,410 --> 00:15:04,810
851
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:04,810 --> 00:15:06,930
855
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:06,930 --> 00:15:13,270
859
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:13,270 --> 00:15:16,870
863
+ ุชุดูƒูŠู„ resistance ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ susceptibility ุฃูˆ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:20,690
867
+ sensitivity test should be performed on all
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:20,690 --> 00:15:25,230
871
+ isolates ุจู„ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌูˆู†ุฑูŠุง to determine what is
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:25,230 --> 00:15:29,600
875
+ the best antibioticsุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุท ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:32,400
879
+ ุณู„ุณู„ุชู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:35,760
883
+ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง meningitis ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:35,760 --> 00:15:38,580
887
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุฎุทูˆุฑุชู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:38,580 --> 00:15:44,200
891
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุชุดุงุจู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:47,580
895
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ morphology ููŠ ุงู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:15:47,580 --> 00:15:51,700
899
+ isolation ููŠ ุงู„ identification ุจูŠุชุดุงุจู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:51,700 --> 00:15:56,200
903
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ genusNesiria meningitis causes
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:56,200 --> 00:16:02,420
907
+ dramatic and explosive epidemics of cerebrospinal
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:02,420 --> 00:16:09,120
911
+ meningitis ุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุจูŠูˆุญูŠ it is a major
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:13,640
915
+ cause of meningitis ูˆุงู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฌ ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู„ู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:13,640 --> 00:16:17,060
919
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงู… ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุบุงุฏุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:17,060 --> 00:16:20,340
923
+ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุชุทุงูŠู… ุชุทุงูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ุถุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:20,340 --> 00:16:24,570
927
+ Nesiria meningitis ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆู‡ุŸู‡ุฐุง gathering
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:24,570 --> 00:16:30,050
931
+ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุน ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุฅุนุฌุงุฒ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:30,050 --> 00:16:34,010
935
+ ุฑุจุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:34,010 --> 00:16:39,970
939
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ู…ูˆุณ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:39,970 --> 00:16:44,510
943
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุดูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆุจูŠ ุฃูˆ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:44,510 --> 00:16:49,750
947
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุทุจ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฎูŠู„ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†ุฃูˆ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:49,750 --> 00:16:52,850
951
+ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูˆู† ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆุจูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:52,850 --> 00:16:57,270
955
+ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุจูˆุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุดุฑู‚
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:57,270 --> 00:17:01,630
959
+ ุฃุณูŠุง ู…ู† ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุจู„ุฏุงู† ู…ู† ูƒู„ ูุฌู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:01,630 --> 00:17:07,330
963
+ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ูˆุจุชุฌู…ุนูˆุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจู‡ู… ุฃูˆุจุฆุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:07,330 --> 00:17:12,830
967
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุนุชุงุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃูˆ ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:12,830 --> 00:17:17,370
971
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุงุงู„ู…ุฌู†ุฏูŠู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:17,370 --> 00:17:21,630
975
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฏ ุงู„ military recruits ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌู†ุฏูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุด
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:21,630 --> 00:17:25,290
979
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌู†ุฏูˆู‡ู… ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุฌุนุฏูˆู‡ู… ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุจุนุฏ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:25,290 --> 00:17:28,350
983
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:28,350 --> 00:17:32,410
987
+ ุจูŠุณูƒู†ูˆุง ุณูƒู† ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฌุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ู† ุชุฌู…ุนุงุช
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:32,410 --> 00:17:38,150
991
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ู… young ูˆ healthy ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠู‡ู…
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:38,150 --> 00:17:44,150
995
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู„ูƒู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุงุฅู† ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:44,150 --> 00:17:49,090
999
+ ุงู†ุฌุฏุงูŠุชุณ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฌ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:49,090 --> 00:17:53,510
1003
+ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎูŠุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุชุฌู…ุนู‡ู… ู‚ุจู„ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงู… ูƒุงู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:53,510 --> 00:17:57,270
1007
+ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชุฑุงุช ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุนุงูŠุจ ุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:57,270 --> 00:18:01,890
1011
+ ููŠู‡ ุจูƒู„ ุตุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆ ุฃุฑูŠุงุญูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุฅู„ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:01,890 --> 00:18:08,190
1015
+ ุงู„ุดุนุงุฆุฑ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุดุนุงุฆุฑ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจูŠุตู„ูŠ ูˆ ุจุตูˆู… ูˆ ุจูŠุชุตุฏู‚ ูˆ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:08,190 --> 00:18:12,820
1019
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุญุฌ ู‡ูŠุฏู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุชุฏู†ู‰ุฒูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:12,820 --> 00:18:17,120
1023
+ ู…ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชุดูˆู ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ู…ู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:21,220
1027
+ ุฌูˆุง ู†ุธูŠู ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูˆู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃู…ุงู… ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:21,220 --> 00:18:24,280
1031
+ ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ู…ุด .. ู…ุด .. ูู…ุงููŠุด ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงุถุญ ูƒุงู†
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:24,280 --> 00:18:29,000
1035
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ููƒุงู† historically ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฌ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:33,780
1039
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู†ุงุณ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุงู†ูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุน ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:33,780 --> 00:18:36,960
1043
+ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงู… ุฃูˆ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:36,960 --> 00:18:41,150
1047
+ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงู…ููƒุงู† ูŠุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑู‡ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:41,150 --> 00:18:45,290
1051
+ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ููƒุงู† ูŠุตูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆุจูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:45,290 --> 00:18:50,530
1055
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณู… ู†ูุณู‡ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู‡ู„ ุณู…ุนุชู… ุนู† ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:50,530 --> 00:18:56,990
1059
+ influenza ูˆู„ุง SARS ูˆู„ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ูุถู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:56,990 --> 00:18:57,710
1063
+ ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:01,850 --> 00:19:07,070
1067
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฅุซุจุงุช ูุดู„ ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:07,070 --> 00:19:11,090
1071
+ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุฑูˆุจุฑุช ูƒูˆุฎ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ูƒุงู† ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ูƒูˆุฎ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:11,090 --> 00:19:15,770
1075
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุถ ุชู…ุงู… ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:15,770 --> 00:19:20,190
1079
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ูˆ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:19:20,190 --> 00:19:22,970
1083
+ organism live in the nasopharynx of apparently
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:19:22,970 --> 00:19:26,170
1087
+ healthy individuals and are passed from man to man
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:19:26,170 --> 00:19:30,500
1091
+ via respiratory tractูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:30,500 --> 00:19:37,420
1095
+ ู‡ู… healthyุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจูŠู†ุชุธุฑ ูุฑุตุฉ ุฅู„ูƒ ุฃู†ุช ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุถุนู ุฃูˆ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:37,420 --> 00:19:41,460
1099
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู†ูƒ ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:41,460 --> 00:19:46,860
1103
+ ุถุนูŠูุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุชุจุนุช ูƒูˆุฎ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฎุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:46,860 --> 00:19:50,700
1107
+ ู„ุง ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌmorphogen unstaining ูŠุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:50,700 --> 00:19:53,640
1111
+ ุดุจุงุจ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู† erythral discharge ู„ู…ุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:58,600
1115
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ CSF ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชู‚ุฑูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:58,600 --> 00:20:01,830
1119
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุงุนุฉ ู…ุง ุชู„ุญู‚ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Bacterial Rashesุงู„ู„ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:01,830 --> 00:20:04,750
1123
+ ุทูุญ ุฌู„ุฏูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† subcutaneous
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:04,750 --> 00:20:08,650
1127
+ hemorrhage ู†ุธูŠู ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุจูู‚ุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูู„ูˆ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:08,650 --> 00:20:13,010
1131
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ู‡ู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…ุณุชูŠู† ุชุฎูŠู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:20:13,010 --> 00:20:18,110
1135
+ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฏู… ุฃู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…ุณุชูŠู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:20:18,110 --> 00:20:21,350
1139
+ ุนุงุฑูุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:20:21,350 --> 00:20:25,730
1143
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ุฌุฏูŠุด ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุงุช
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:25,730 --> 00:20:29,070
1147
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŸ ุฎู…ุณ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃุธู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:29,070 --> 00:20:35,270
1151
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุชุฑ ุตุญ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠุชุฑ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:35,270 --> 00:20:38,310
1155
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ู…ู‡ูˆู„ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู…ุง ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:38,310 --> 00:20:40,950
1159
+ ุจุชุฒุญู…ู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ number ุชุจุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู†ูุณ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:40,950 --> 00:20:44,570
1163
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู it causes fulminant septicemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:44,570 --> 00:20:49,250
1167
+ ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุชุงูŠุฏุณ ุทุจุนุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:49,250 --> 00:20:58,980
1171
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู…ุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ CSF ุงูˆ ู…ู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:58,980 --> 00:21:04,780
1175
+ ู…ุซู„ ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุฏุจู„ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ูƒูˆููŠ ุจูŠู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:04,780 --> 00:21:10,480
1179
+ ุดูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑูู‡ most of the isolated
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:14,360
1183
+ strains of group one and group two types have
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:14,360 --> 00:21:14,920
1187
+ capsules
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:21:18,230 --> 00:21:22,390
1191
+ ุนุฒู„ุงุช ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุบุงู„ุจุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:21:22,390 --> 00:21:25,530
1195
+ capsule ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุจุทู†ุง ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:21:25,530 --> 00:21:28,870
1199
+ ุจูŠุฑุจุทู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ streptococcus pneumonia ูˆู…ุน
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:21:28,870 --> 00:21:31,630
1203
+ ุงู„ hemophilus influenza ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:21:31,630 --> 00:21:35,750
1207
+ ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ meningitis ู‡ู… ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ meningitis ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:21:35,750 --> 00:21:37,790
1211
+ ุจูŠุดุชุฑูƒูˆุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… capsule
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:42,820
1215
+ cultural characteristics ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ it requires
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:21:42,820 --> 00:21:45,780
1219
+ rich medium ุฒูŠ blood ุงูˆ ุดูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ุงุฌุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุจุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:45,780 --> 00:21:49,180
1223
+ ุฃุณุงุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ fluid and dextrose ุนู„ู‰ blood ุงุฌุงุฑ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:49,180 --> 00:21:54,320
1227
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง small ูˆ glistening ููŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุนุงู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:21:54,320 --> 00:22:01,570
1231
+ slightly convex ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุฏุจ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุงGrowth occur at
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:01,570 --> 00:22:07,390
1235
+ aerobic condition at 37 degrees for 37 .. ุงูˆ at 37
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:22:07,390 --> 00:22:13,270
1239
+ degrees and 5 to 10% CO2 within 48 .. 24 to 48
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:22:13,270 --> 00:22:18,430
1243
+ hoursุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ 24 ุฅู„ู‰ 48 ุณุงุนุฉุŒ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:22:18,430 --> 00:22:21,950
1247
+ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู†ุŒ chocolate agar ุฃูˆ blood agarุŒ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:22:21,950 --> 00:22:24,070
1251
+ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ blood agar ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ chocolate agarุŒ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:22:24,070 --> 00:22:26,850
1255
+ ูˆุจุฏุฃ CO2 ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุจุฑุญูŠู„ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ chocolate
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:22:26,850 --> 00:22:31,550
1259
+ agarุงู„ู€ pathogenicity ู‡ูˆ ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:22:31,550 --> 00:22:34,910
1263
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ three steps ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ transmission
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:34,910 --> 00:22:38,070
1267
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ implantation ููŠ ุงู„ nasopharynx ูƒูŠู
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:42,310
1271
+ implantationุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุงุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุนุทุณ ุทู„ุน ุงู„
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:42,310 --> 00:22:45,870
1275
+ droplets ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฐุงุฐ ุชุจุนู‡ ูˆุงู†ุง ุงุณุชู†ุดุบุชู‡ ูˆูŠู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:45,870 --> 00:22:49,970
1279
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:49,970 --> 00:22:52,550
1283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ can favor its growth ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ nasopharynx
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:22:52,550 --> 00:22:56,350
1287
+ ุชู… ุงู„ implantation ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:22:56,350 --> 00:23:01,410
1291
+ implantation it may reaches the blood ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุตู„ุช
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:23:01,410 --> 00:23:06,290
1295
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุฌู†ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ meningococcemia
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:23:14,260 --> 00:23:19,660
1299
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ septicemia caused by Neisseria meningitis ุฃูˆ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:23:19,660 --> 00:23:24,620
1303
+ septicemia caused by the gonococci ู‡ุฐูŠ ู„ูŠุด
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:23:24,620 --> 00:23:28,180
1307
+ ู…ูŠุฒู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู…ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุตุŸ ู…ูŠุฒู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:23:28,180 --> 00:23:32,200
1311
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒูˆุง it is life threatening
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:23:34,410 --> 00:23:38,170
1315
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ู‡ุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู…ูŠุฒู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:38,170 --> 00:23:42,230
1319
+ ู„ูƒูˆุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ particular rashes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:42,230 --> 00:23:45,470
1323
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูŠูˆุดุงูŠูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุนูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:46,020 --> 00:23:50,360
1327
+ ุฅุฐู† implantation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ nasopharynx ุฑู‚ู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:52,900
1331
+ entrance to the blood stream with resulting
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:52,900 --> 00:23:56,740
1335
+ septicemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง meningococcemia ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:23:56,740 --> 00:24:01,240
1339
+ equalization in the meninges ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู…ุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:05,200
1343
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:06,800
1347
+ ุงู„ู…ุบู„ุทุฉ ู„ู„ุฏู…ุงุก
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:14,370
1351
+ ุงู„ู€ Transmission ุนุจุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจุŸ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:24:14,370 --> 00:24:18,070
1355
+ respiratory tract ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:24:18,070 --> 00:24:20,930
1359
+ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ microbe ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ droplets ุงู„ droplets ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:24:20,930 --> 00:24:23,750
1363
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฐุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุทุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:27,050
1367
+ ุทุจุนุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:24:27,050 --> 00:24:31,650
1371
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ุญู…ุด ุดูˆูƒูŠุฉุŸ ุงู„ meningitis ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:31,650 --> 00:24:36,670
1375
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญู…ุด ุดูˆูƒูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุณุงุจุจุชู‡ุง ูƒุซุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุญู…ุด
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:36,670 --> 00:24:40,810
1379
+ ุดูˆูƒูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุช .. ูˆ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู…ุชุญุงู† ุงุญู†ุงุŸูˆู‚ุชุด
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:40,810 --> 00:24:47,390
1383
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน .. ุณุจุช ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ุทูˆุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ..
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:47,390 --> 00:24:51,690
1387
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุงุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง collide ุจุชุณุจุจ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:24:51,690 --> 00:24:55,190
1391
+ meningitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ุดูˆูƒูŠุฉ .. ุฏู‡ ู…ุง .. ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:24:55,190 --> 00:24:59,550
1395
+ meningitis can be caused by several microorganisms
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:24:59,550 --> 00:25:02,690
1399
+ ูˆุฎุฏู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ูุชุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:25:03,660 --> 00:25:07,080
1403
+ ุงู„ู€ meningitis ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุณุจุจู‡ุง ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู€
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:10,240
1407
+ meningitis ุฃูˆ streptococcus pneumonia ุฃูˆ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:13,240
1411
+ pseudomonas aeruginosa ุฃูˆ Acinetobacter ุฃูˆ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:16,800
1415
+ Staphylococcus ุฃูˆ streptococcus biogenes ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:20,980
1419
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑูˆุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠู…ุฑูˆุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:25:20,980 --> 00:25:25,420
1423
+ symptoms ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ symptoms ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:25:25,420 --> 00:25:31,220
1427
+ fever ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ symptoms severe headache ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:25:31,220 --> 00:25:37,480
1431
+ signs ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ู†ูŠู…ุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠ ุฒูŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:25:37,480 --> 00:25:41,900
1435
+ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒ ูˆู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ูˆ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ู‡ุท ุฅูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุฏุฑู‡
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:25:41,900 --> 00:25:48,160
1439
+ ูˆ ุฅูŠุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฃุฑูุน ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจุนู‡ ุฅู„ู‰
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:51,960
1443
+ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนูุน ุฌุณู…ู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณุŒ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:55,680
1447
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุตุฏุฑู‡ ูˆ ุจุฏุง ุฃุฑูุน ุงู„ุฑุฃุณุจูŠู„ุงุฌูŠู‡
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:25:55,680 --> 00:26:00,320
1451
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ resistance ู„ู„ุฑูุน ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:03,900
1455
+ ุงู† ูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ู‚ุตู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ู†ูƒ ุงู„ ุงูุง ู†ูƒ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:26:03,900 --> 00:26:09,140
1459
+ reflection resistance ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุงู„ุงู„ู‡ ูˆ ู„ูˆ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:26:09,140 --> 00:26:14,190
1463
+ ุงู†ุง ุฑูุนุชู‡ุง ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠ ุฑูƒุจ ูˆ ุจู†ุชู†ูŠูˆุฑูƒุจู‡ ุจู†ุชู†ูŠูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:26:14,190 --> 00:26:17,890
1467
+ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุจุชูˆุญ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ุฑูƒุจู‡ ุทู„ุนุช ู„ููˆู‚ ู„ููˆู‚
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:26:17,890 --> 00:26:22,350
1471
+ ุงู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ู„ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุฌุฏุง
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:26,750
1475
+ ูุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎูู ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก ุงูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ stretching ุจุซู†ู‰
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:26:26,750 --> 00:26:31,460
1479
+ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจ ุชุจุนุช ูุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง neckleg reflection ู‡ุฏู‰
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:26:31,460 --> 00:26:35,500
1483
+ signs ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ sign ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงูˆ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุฌูŠุช ุงู†ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:26:35,500 --> 00:26:38,980
1487
+ ู…ุณุงูƒุช ุชุจุชุนุฑู ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฑูุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุตู‚
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:26:38,980 --> 00:26:43,420
1491
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุนุณุจ ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฒุบุงุฑ ุจุฑูุนูˆุง
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:26:43,420 --> 00:26:47,820
1495
+ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุง ุตุญ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฑูŠู„ ุฒูŠู†ุง ุจู†ุฑูุน ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:26:47,820 --> 00:26:53,390
1499
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„straight ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุฑูุน ูˆ ู†ุชู† ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฑูุนู‡ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:26:53,390 --> 00:26:58,510
1503
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุฑูุน
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:26:58,510 --> 00:27:04,690
1507
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุชู…ุงู… straight ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุจูƒูŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:04,690 --> 00:27:09,950
1511
+ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ ู…ุคู„ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฏูŠ ู„ุงู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„ ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:27:09,950 --> 00:27:13,550
1515
+ ุงู„ meninges ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆ ุงู„ cerebrospinal fluid
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:27:13,550 --> 00:27:17,830
1519
+ are inflamedุทุจุนุง ู…ุงููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ science ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:27:17,830 --> 00:27:21,230
1523
+ science ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ุง science of .. ุงูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:27:21,230 --> 00:27:25,050
1527
+ cardinal science of meningitis ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:27:25,050 --> 00:27:28,070
1531
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† parasite ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† yeast ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:27:28,070 --> 00:27:35,190
1535
+ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูˆุงุณู…ุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงุญุจ ุงู† ุงู†ุช ุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:27:35,190 --> 00:27:38,530
1539
+ ุทูู„ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ุจุงุฑ ุงูˆ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏุฉ ู…ุงุนุฏูŠ ุฌุงุฌ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:27:38,530 --> 00:27:41,750
1543
+ ุงูƒุจุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด dependent
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:27:43,700 --> 00:27:45,700
1547
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:27:45,700 --> 00:27:49,360
1551
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:27:49,360 --> 00:27:52,220
1555
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุถุฏู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑุด
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:27:52,220 --> 00:27:56,260
1559
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู‚ู„ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูƒุจุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:27:56,260 --> 00:28:00,780
1563
+ ุจู†ุตูŠุฑ old age ูˆ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ุงุทูุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:28:00,780 --> 00:28:05,160
1567
+ young children ูˆ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ old age ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏุฃุช
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:09,140
1571
+ ุงุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุจู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุฃู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:28:09,140 --> 00:28:14,640
1575
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุฎุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ equali ู„ู…ุง ุฌุงูˆุจู†ุงู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ equali
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:18,040
1579
+ ุจุชุณุจุจ meningitis ุงุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุจุชุณุจุจ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:18,040 --> 00:28:21,320
1583
+ meningitis ุงูˆ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† ุจุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ meningitis ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง it
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:26,260
1587
+ causes neonatal meningitis group B streptococci
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:28:26,260 --> 00:28:29,500
1591
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง neonatal meningitis ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:28:29,500 --> 00:28:36,450
1595
+ ุงู†ุงage-dependent pathogens ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ meningitis
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:28:36,450 --> 00:28:40,450
1599
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุฌูˆู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุฌูˆู…ู‡ุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:28:40,450 --> 00:28:44,630
1603
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:28:44,630 --> 00:28:50,330
1607
+ diagram ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ูƒูˆุง ุจุนุทูŠู†ุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุนู† ู…ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:28:50,330 --> 00:28:53,410
1611
+ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ transmission meningococcal carrier
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:28:53,410 --> 00:28:59,120
1615
+ droplets infectionattaches to ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:01,880
1619
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ implantation ููŠ ุงู„ nasopharynx of a new
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:29:01,880 --> 00:29:06,660
1623
+ person ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู…ู„ droplet
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:29:06,660 --> 00:29:11,280
1627
+ infection ูˆูŠู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตู„ ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:14,000
1631
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ septicemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:19,610
1635
+ meningococcemia ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู‰
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:29:19,610 --> 00:29:22,770
1639
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆุงุตู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุงุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:29:22,770 --> 00:29:26,950
1643
+ sinuses ูˆ ู…ุงุจูŠู† ุงู„ middle ear ูˆ ุงู„ nasopharynx ูˆ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:29:26,950 --> 00:29:30,610
1647
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ู†ูˆุงุช ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู„ู…ู†ูŠู†ุฌูŠุฒ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูุฏุจุณ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:29:30,610 --> 00:29:33,490
1651
+ ู‡ุชุญูุธู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ู† ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ meningitis ุงู„ู„ู‰
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:29:33,490 --> 00:29:37,710
1655
+ ู‡ูŠุฏูƒููŠูุฑุณุชูู†ูƒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:29:37,710 --> 00:29:42,830
1659
+ ุงู„ุงุนู„ุงู…ุงุชุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠู…ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง it can
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:29:42,830 --> 00:29:45,870
1663
+ migrate to the skin ูˆ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ particular
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:29:45,870 --> 00:29:49,210
1667
+ rashes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:29:49,210 --> 00:29:54,070
1671
+ ูƒ diagnostic areas ุฃูˆ specimen ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ release
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:29:54,070 --> 00:29:58,050
1675
+ ู„ู„ endotoxin ูˆ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ูŠู† ู„ุงู† ุงู„ endotoxin
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:29:58,050 --> 00:30:01,030
1679
+ ุจุฑุฌุนู†ุง ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:30:01,030 --> 00:30:06,140
1683
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠูุงู„ู€ Endotoxin ู…ุณุคูˆู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:30:06,140 --> 00:30:09,200
1687
+ ุจุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€ symptoms caused by this
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:30:09,200 --> 00:30:15,450
1691
+ organismู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง it activates the clotting cascade
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:30:15,450 --> 00:30:21,030
1695
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู„ุท ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:30:21,030 --> 00:30:24,930
1699
+ fibrinogen ุฅู„ู‰ fibrin ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุญูˆู„ู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ุด ููŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:30:24,930 --> 00:30:29,490
1703
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ููŠ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ disseminated
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:30:29,490 --> 00:30:33,030
1707
+ intravascular coagulation ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ููŠู‡ ุฌู„ุทุงุช
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:30:33,030 --> 00:30:38,710
1711
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู„ุทุงุช ู‚ุฏ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ blockingุฃูˆ ุงุบู„ุงู‚ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:30:38,710 --> 00:30:42,810
1715
+ capillaries ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุดูู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ู„ูƒู†
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:30:42,810 --> 00:30:46,450
1719
+ ุจุนุฏ ู‚ุทุน ุฃุนุถุงุก ู…ู† ุฌุณู…ู‡ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ blood
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:30:46,450 --> 00:30:49,270
1723
+ supply ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ blood supply ุดุบู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุณูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:30:49,270 --> 00:30:51,290
1727
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† necrosis ู„ู„ุนูˆู…
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:30:54,170 --> 00:30:58,430
1731
+ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆู„ูŠู†ุฒ ูุงูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงู†ุณูŠู†ุงู‡ุงุด ุงู†ู‡
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:30:58,430 --> 00:31:01,010
1735
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุงูŠุจูˆ ุจูˆู„ูŠุณุงูƒุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:31:01,010 --> 00:31:04,230
1739
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฏูŠุณู…ูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฏุฑูˆูุงุณูƒูˆู„ุงุฑ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:31:04,230 --> 00:31:08,910
1743
+ ุงู„immunity ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู†ุตุนุช ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:31:08,910 --> 00:31:11,690
1747
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู†ุฌุฏุงูŠุชุณ ูˆุดูˆู ูŠุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุณูˆุงุก ุจุงู„ treatment
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:31:11,690 --> 00:31:16,950
1751
+ ุจุงู„ drugs ุงูˆ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูˆูุฑู„ู‡ moderate degree
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:31:16,950 --> 00:31:21,920
1755
+ of immunityูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูˆูุฑู„ูˆุด immunity ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุญุชู‰
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:31:21,920 --> 00:31:29,400
1759
+ ุงู„ูุงูƒุณูŠู† ุจูˆูุฑุด immunity ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุฑุถุน
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:34,480
1763
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง antibodies ูุงู„ antibodies
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:38,740
1767
+ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ูˆุฏ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ placenta ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:31:38,740 --> 00:31:43,620
1771
+ IgG AntibodyAntigenic Structure and Grouping
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:31:43,620 --> 00:31:49,880
1775
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ 9 ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช A,B,C,D,E ูˆ W135 ูˆ X,Y ูˆ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:31:49,880 --> 00:31:55,100
1779
+ Z ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ polysaccharide ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:31:55,100 --> 00:31:59,760
1783
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† group A ูˆ B ูˆ C are
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:31:59,760 --> 00:32:02,720
1787
+ responsible for epidemics of meningitis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:32:02,720 --> 00:32:07,320
1791
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู‡ู… ุงู„ A,B,C ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† strain ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:32:07,320 --> 00:32:14,380
1795
+ ู‡ูˆ 135ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ meningitis
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:32:14,380 --> 00:32:18,580
1799
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ vaccine ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู† vaccine
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:32:18,580 --> 00:32:25,090
1803
+ ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† A ูˆ C ูˆ W135ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุŸ ู…ุด ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:32:25,090 --> 00:32:30,450
1807
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ A ูˆB ูˆC ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠ not immunogenic ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:32:30,450 --> 00:32:35,690
1811
+ not immunogenicุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุญู‚ู‚ู†ุงู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:32:35,690 --> 00:32:38,710
1815
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู‘ู„ู‡ ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุถุงุฏุฉุŒ ูู‡ู„
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:32:38,710 --> 00:32:41,270
1819
+ ุจูŠู†ูุน ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ vaccineุŸ ุจูŠู†ูุนุด ููŠ ุงู„
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:32:41,270 --> 00:32:44,770
1823
+ vaccineุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ vaccine ู…ุงุจูŠุญู…ู„ุงุด ุชุบุชู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:32:44,770 --> 00:32:49,250
1827
+ meningitisุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:32:49,250 --> 00:32:52,170
1831
+ meningitisุŒ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง group B is not immunogenic
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:32:54,360 --> 00:32:58,460
1835
+ diagnosis ุงุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ูŠู†ุฌุงูŠุชุณ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:32:58,460 --> 00:33:02,600
1839
+ ุณุจุชุณูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆ ุงุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ career ู†ุงุฒูˆ ูุฑู†ุฌู„ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:06,480
1843
+ ุนูŠู†ุงุชูŠ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู†ุงุฒูˆ ูุฑู†ุฌู„ swap ู†ุงุฒูˆ ูุฑู†ุฌู„ swap ูŠุง
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:33:06,480 --> 00:33:11,240
1847
+ ุงู…ุง blood ูŠุง ุงู…ุง CSF ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ skin ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจ
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:33:11,240 --> 00:33:15,220
1851
+ TLA rashes ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ blood ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ blood
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:33:15,220 --> 00:33:17,820
1855
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ blood culture ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู†ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:33:17,820 --> 00:33:22,750
1859
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ุฐุงู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ CSF
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:33:22,750 --> 00:33:28,010
1863
+ swap ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ nasopharyngeal ุฃูˆ ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:33:28,010 --> 00:33:30,990
1867
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฏูู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ striking ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฒุฑุงุน
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:33:30,990 --> 00:33:34,350
1871
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุดูƒูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฌุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุดูƒูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฌุงุฑ
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:33:34,350 --> 00:33:38,630
1875
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุดุบู„ ูุฅู† ุณูˆุฑูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠุฉ ูƒู†ุง ู†ูุถู„ fire
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:33:38,630 --> 00:33:42,590
1879
+ martin agar ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ selective ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฃุฎูˆุฐุฉ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:33:42,590 --> 00:33:48,510
1883
+ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ููŠู‡ุง other microorganism ุจุณ ู‡ู†ุง CSFุงูŠุด
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:33:48,510 --> 00:33:55,330
1887
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ .. CSF .. ุงู„ CSF .. ุงู„ sterile .. ุงู„
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:33:55,330 --> 00:33:58,810
1891
+ sterile ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ูุฑู†ุฌู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… fire martin
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:33:58,810 --> 00:34:03,350
1895
+ agar ูˆุณุท ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูู…ุนุชุจุฏ ุนู„ู‰ูŠุจุฌูŠ ุงูŠุง ุชุดูŠุฑุช ุงุฌุงุฑ ุงูŠุง
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:34:03,350 --> 00:34:07,670
1899
+ ุชุงูŠุฑ ู…ุงุฑุชู† ุงุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ incubation ุนู„ู‰ 36 degrees
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:34:07,670 --> 00:34:12,730
1903
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ CO2 tension ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:34:12,730 --> 00:34:16,010
1907
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง Oxidase test ุฒูŠ ุงุฏ ุงุฌุฑุงู… ..
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:34:16,010 --> 00:34:20,050
1911
+ ุงุฌุฑุงู… ุชุงู† ุฒูŠ ุงุฏ Oxidase test ุงุฐุง ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุชู ุฏุจู„ูˆูƒูˆ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:34:20,050 --> 00:34:24,430
1915
+ ุฏุจู„ูˆูƒูˆ ู‚ุงูŠู… Oxidase test ุจุต ุชูุงู‡ูŠุฉ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:34:24,430 --> 00:34:29,080
1919
+ ุงูŠุดุŸูˆุงุฌุจ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุนุฑู ุชู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:32,500
1923
+ pathogenic ู…ุงุจุชู†ู…ูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุช ุฃุฌุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:34:32,500 --> 00:34:36,560
1927
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูŠุง ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง meningitis ุทุจ ุฃู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠูƒ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:34:36,560 --> 00:34:41,820
1931
+ ุฃู† ุฃุฌูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ CSFุŸ ุฃู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠูƒ ุฃู† ุฃุฌูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ CSFุŸ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:34:41,820 --> 00:34:45,480
1935
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู†ุงุฌูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ููŠ ุดุฑุญ ู„ุฌู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:51,640
1939
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุฃุฒูŠู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ CSFุŸ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠูƒููŠูˆ you
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:34:51,640 --> 00:34:54,040
1943
+ should confirm you should confirm by ุงู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:56,860
1947
+ carbohydrate utilization ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:34:56,860 --> 00:35:02,200
1951
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ treatment ูˆ ุงู† ุงู„
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:07,140
1955
+ penicillin is the drug of choice ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุนู† ุงู†
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:35:07,140 --> 00:35:11,600
1959
+ ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุงู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง resistant ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุชุด
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:15,100
1963
+ resistant ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช sensitive ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุดูƒุฑุฉ
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:19,140
1967
+ resistance ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ูŠ sensitive ู„ู‡ุงุจุณ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู†
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:35:19,140 --> 00:35:23,440
1971
+ still is the drug of choice ู„ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู†ุฌุฏุงูŠุชุณ
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:35:23,440 --> 00:35:28,160
1975
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู„ุงุช ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:33,340
1979
+ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุฌุฏุฑูŠ it penetrates
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:35:33,340 --> 00:35:38,610
1983
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู†ุฃุตู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุงุจูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ุด
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:35:38,610 --> 00:35:43,470
1987
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ meninges ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูุจุชุนุฑู ูƒูŠู ุฏูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ู„ู„ ..
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:35:43,470 --> 00:35:47,250
1991
+ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ meninges inflamed
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:35:47,250 --> 00:35:52,330
1995
+ ุจูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ู‡ุง ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุนุงู„ุฌ
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:35:52,330 --> 00:35:55,930
1999
+ ุจุงู„ penicillin ุจุนุงู„ุฌ ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ penicillin ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:35:55,930 --> 00:36:01,640
2003
+ source ูˆูŠู†ุŸููŠ ุงู„ู€ nasopharyngeal ุบุงู„ุจุง ุฃู†
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:36:01,640 --> 00:36:05,680
2007
+ ุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนุด ูŠุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:36:05,680 --> 00:36:09,180
2011
+ ุงู„ู€ nasopharyngeal ูุจู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:36:09,180 --> 00:36:12,880
2015
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ inflamed meninges ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:17,360
2019
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:36:17,360 --> 00:36:20,700
2023
+ ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุฃุญู†ุง ุดูู†ุง ุญุงู„ุงุช ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:36:20,700 --> 00:36:24,350
2027
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชุฃูˆ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ penicillin ู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:36:24,350 --> 00:36:27,030
2031
+ ุงู„ุญุงุณูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง sensitive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ patient ู„ู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู†
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:36:27,030 --> 00:36:30,470
2035
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุงุณูŠุฉ ุจู†ุบูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ stiffed
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:36:30,470 --> 00:36:33,050
2039
+ coccus biodeins ุฅุฐุง sensitive ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุงุซุฑูˆ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:36:33,050 --> 00:36:36,890
2043
+ ู…ุงูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… stiffed-reaxone ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:36:36,890 --> 00:36:40,090
2047
+ ุงู„ุณุจูˆุฑูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ูˆุธูุฉ ูˆูุนุงู„ุฉ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:36:40,090 --> 00:36:45,370
2051
+ ูˆู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:36:45,370 --> 00:36:51,760
2055
+ stiffed-reaxoneุฃุญุฏ ู…ูŠุฒุงุชู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ูู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุบุทูŠ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:56,300
2059
+ range ูˆุงุณุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุชุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:36:56,300 --> 00:37:00,800
2063
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ meningitisุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุนุทูŠุชู‡
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:37:00,800 --> 00:37:08,050
2067
+ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุนุทูŠุชู‡ ูˆุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู…ุณุจุจูุจูƒูˆู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:37:08,050 --> 00:37:12,930
2071
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุดูู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุชู„ ูู‚ุท ุฅู†ู‡
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:15,870
2075
+ Syria meningitis ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุชู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ other
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:37:15,870 --> 00:37:19,550
2079
+ ุจุงุซูˆุฌูŠู†ุฒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hemophilus influenza ูˆ ุงู„
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:37:19,550 --> 00:37:23,420
2083
+ streptococcus pneumoniaุŒ ู‡ู… ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŸู†ูุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:37:23,420 --> 00:37:26,580
2087
+ ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฌุฏุงูŠุชุณ ุงุณุชูŠุทููˆูƒูˆูƒุณ ู†ูŠู…ูˆู†ูŠุง ู…ูู„ุณ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:37:26,580 --> 00:37:30,220
2091
+ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ู†ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฌุฏุงูŠุชุณ ูุงู„ceftriaxone ู‚ุฏ
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:37:30,220 --> 00:37:36,660
2095
+ ูŠูุนุทู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎุฏู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ empirical therapy
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:37:36,660 --> 00:37:40,740
2099
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ empirical therapyุŸ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑูŠ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:37:40,740 --> 00:37:46,740
2103
+ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุนูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ู‡ู„ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:37:46,740 --> 00:37:50,860
2107
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุธุงุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุชุธู‡ุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุชุจุงูŠุชูƒุŸ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:37:51,270 --> 00:37:56,670
2111
+ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุชูƒุŒ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุฏุช
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:37:56,670 --> 00:37:59,910
2115
+ ุฃุนุทูŠ ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุชูƒุŒ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ุฃุนุทูŠ ุงู†ุชุจุงูŠุชูƒ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุฎุฏ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:37:59,910 --> 00:38:05,190
2119
+ ุนูŠู†ุฉูˆู„ุง ุจู†ูุน ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู†ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:38:05,190 --> 00:38:09,370
2123
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุนุทูŠ antibiotic ูุงู„ empirical therapy ู‡ูˆ ู…ุจู†ูŠ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:38:09,370 --> 00:38:12,070
2127
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนู„ุงุด ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ local
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:38:12,070 --> 00:38:17,330
2131
+ protocols local data ุงู†ุง ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุนุถ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:38:17,330 --> 00:38:20,410
2135
+ ุงู„ุงู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:38:20,410 --> 00:38:23,390
2139
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง sensitivity testing
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:38:23,390 --> 00:38:27,940
2143
+ ุงู„ุงุตู„ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:38:27,940 --> 00:38:31,760
2147
+ E.coli ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฒู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนุฒู„ู†ุง ุฃู„ู ู…ู† ุฃู„ู E.coli
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:38:31,760 --> 00:38:37,240
2151
+ ุจู†ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุนุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ urine ู…ู† ุงู„ CSF ู…ู†
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:38:37,240 --> 00:38:43,160
2155
+ ุงู„ wound infection ูˆุจู†ุดูˆู ุฌุฏุงุด ูƒู„ E.coli ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:38:43,160 --> 00:38:46,400
2159
+ E.coli ูƒุงู†ุช resistant ู„ู„-ampicillin ุฌุฏุงุด ูƒุงู†ุช
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:50,640
2163
+ resistant ู„ู„-ceftriaxone ู„ู„ุณูŠุจุฑูู„ูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:38:50,640 --> 00:38:54,790
2167
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉE coli resistant percentage ู„ู„
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:38:54,790 --> 00:38:58,030
2171
+ Antibiotic ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ percentage ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:38:58,030 --> 00:39:02,310
2175
+ resistance ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฃู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ antibiotic ููŠ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:39:02,310 --> 00:39:06,150
2179
+ ุงู„ empirical therapy ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠุช ุฅู†ู‡
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:39:06,150 --> 00:39:10,790
2183
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุตุงุฑุช resistant ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ 90% ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:39:10,790 --> 00:39:13,350
2187
+ ุฃู‚ุทุงุท ู†ูุณูŠ ู„ู„ Antibiotic ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุบุจุงุก ุตุญ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:39:13,350 --> 00:39:19,490
2191
+ ู„ุฃู† ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุดูุงุก ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุŸ 10%ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:39:19,490 --> 00:39:24,590
2195
+ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ ุงู„ empirical therapy ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ local
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:39:24,590 --> 00:39:28,910
2199
+ data ุงูˆ local protocols ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ local data ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:39:28,910 --> 00:39:31,770
2203
+ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ุงุฎุฏ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ resistance ูˆ ุงู„ sensitivity ู…ู†
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:39:31,770 --> 00:39:35,690
2207
+ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ protocol ู„ุบุฒุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ protocol
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:39:35,690 --> 00:39:41,690
2211
+ ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุบุฒุฉ ุทูŠุจ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:39:41,690 --> 00:39:44,450
2215
+ at the end of therapy with penicillin in adults
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:39:44,450 --> 00:39:49,970
2219
+ give ciprofloxacinุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตุช ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:39:49,970 --> 00:39:55,610
2223
+ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ุงุนุทูŠู‡ ุณุจุฑูˆูู„ูˆูƒุณุงุณูŠู† ู„ูŠุดุŸ to eradicate
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:39:55,610 --> 00:40:00,010
2227
+ meningococci because penicillin does not eradicate
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:40:00,010 --> 00:40:02,830
2231
+ from nasopharynx otherwise patient will becomeุฃู‡
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:40:02,830 --> 00:40:07,330
2235
+ ูƒุงุฑูŠุงุช ุทุจ ุงู†ุง ู…ุง ุตุฏู‚ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุตู„ ู„ุงู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงู†ุง
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:40:07,330 --> 00:40:12,810
2239
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุญูˆุฒุชู‡ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุดูุงุกู‡
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:40:12,810 --> 00:40:17,470
2243
+ ูˆุงุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ูƒุงุฑูŠุง ุงุฐุง ุนู„ุดุชู‡
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:40:17,470 --> 00:40:23,420
2247
+ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฎู ู‡ูŠุทูŠุจู„ูƒู† ุญูŠุทูŠุจ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ู…ุง ู‚ุถูŠุช ุนู„ู‰
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:26,080
2251
+ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุง ููŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ nasopharynx ุณุจุน ุชูŠ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:29,160
2255
+ ุณูŠุจุฑูˆูู„ูˆูƒุณุณูŠู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฌู…ุงุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงูƒูŠ ูŠุฎุฏูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ุงู†
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:40:29,160 --> 00:40:35,040
2259
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูƒุฑุง ู‡ูŠุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ู†ุงุณ ู„ู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:40:35,040 --> 00:40:39,960
2263
+ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠูƒูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ู†ุงุณ ุฃุฎุฏูˆุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุทู…ุฆู† ุงู† ุงู„
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:40:39,960 --> 00:40:44,220
2267
+ microbe is no longer there ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:40:44,220 --> 00:40:49,440
2271
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุงู„ุฌุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ diagnosis ุงู…ุง
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:53,640
2275
+ clinical ุงูˆ ุนู„ู‰ blood culture ูˆุจู†ูˆุฌู ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจูŠู†
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:40:53,640 --> 00:40:58,320
2279
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุฑ ุนุงู…ู„ stool ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ุดู†ุงู‡ ุทุนุงู…
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:40:58,320 --> 00:41:03,000
2283
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ stool ุญุชู‰ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู†
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:09,420
2287
+ ุงู„ microbe is no longer ุดุฏ in stool ู…ุฏุงุดูŠ ูŠุชุญูˆู„
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:41:09,420 --> 00:41:12,940
2291
+ ู„curial ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ source ู„ู„ infection ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:41:12,940 --> 00:41:16,280
2295
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑูŠู† prevention
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:41:19,440 --> 00:41:22,840
2299
+ ู„ุฌู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ุตุงุจ ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:41:22,840 --> 00:41:26,380
2303
+ ู…ุตุงุจ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุนุทุณ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:41:26,380 --> 00:41:29,880
2307
+ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ููˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ููƒู„ ุงู„
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:41:29,880 --> 00:41:33,560
2311
+ .. ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ูƒุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูŠู†ูŠุฏูŠุฏุณ
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:41:33,560 --> 00:41:37,700
2315
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ู‰
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:41:37,700 --> 00:41:41,140
2319
+ ู†ุฒุฑ ูุงุฑู†ุฌู„ุณูˆุงุจ ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง Prophylaxis Antibiotics
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:41:41,140 --> 00:41:45,280
2323
+ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ to prevent the spread of this
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:41:45,280 --> 00:41:49,900
2327
+ organismุฑูุงู†ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† drug of choice ููŠ ูŠูˆู…
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:41:49,900 --> 00:41:53,140
2331
+ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณูŠุจู‚ ุงู„ูุงูƒุณูŠูŠู† ู‡ูˆ drug of choiceุŒ
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:41:53,140 --> 00:41:55,440
2335
+ Venezuela does not eradicate carriers still ูƒู…ุง
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:41:55,440 --> 00:42:01,260
2339
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:42:01,260 --> 00:42:04,480
2343
+ carriersุŒ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู„ุง ุงู„ carriersุงู„ู€ due to
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:07,060
2347
+ inadequate penetration of uninflamed nasal .. ู‡ุฐุง
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:42:07,060 --> 00:42:10,040
2351
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ูู†ุณุงู„ูŠู† ู…ูŠู†ูุนุดุŒ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:42:10,040 --> 00:42:12,880
2355
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ penetration ู„ู„ู€ nasopharyngeal
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:42:12,880 --> 00:42:16,920
2359
+ mucosaุŒ poor secretion in salivaุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุถุนูŠูุŒ
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:42:16,920 --> 00:42:20,520
2363
+ ุงูุฑุงุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุนุงุจุŒ ุงู„ chemoprophylaxis ูˆ ุฅู†ู‡
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:26,140
2367
+ ูƒุฅุฌุฑุงุก ูˆู‚ุงุฆูŠุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุนุฑุถ ููŠ ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุตุงุจ ู…ู†
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:42:26,140 --> 00:42:30,430
2371
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุฅุญุฏู‰ superfluxacูŠู†ุงู„ูุงูƒุณูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:42:30,430 --> 00:42:34,470
2375
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง group A ูˆ group C ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€divalent
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:42:34,470 --> 00:42:37,090
2379
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ูุงูƒุณูŠู† ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:42:37,090 --> 00:42:40,550
2383
+ ุงู„ู€quadrivalent ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ A, C ูˆY ูˆุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:42:40,550 --> 00:42:43,850
2387
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ common ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ A
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:42:43,850 --> 00:42:49,780
2391
+ ูˆ ุงู„ C ูˆ ุงู„ Y ูˆ ุงู„ 135ู„ู„ุฃุณู ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:42:49,780 --> 00:42:53,440
2395
+ against group B ู„ุฅู†ู‡ group B ุงู„ not .. not
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:42:53,440 --> 00:42:58,840
2399
+ immunogenic ุจูŠุนุทู‰ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:42:58,840 --> 00:43:02,220
2403
+ .. ุงู„ู…ุนุณูƒุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฌูŠูˆุด ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:43:02,220 --> 00:43:06,260
2407
+ military recruits ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† during epidemics ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:43:06,260 --> 00:43:07,260
2411
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:43:10,470 --> 00:43:15,010
2415
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ู‡ุง ุฏู‰ ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุงู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:43:15,010 --> 00:43:18,890
2419
+ ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ junococcus ูˆ ุงู„ meningococcus ุงู„
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:43:18,890 --> 00:43:24,050
2423
+ junococcus ุฃุจุทุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ meningococcus
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:43:24,050 --> 00:43:28,330
2427
+ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุฃุตุบุฑ ุงู„ junococcus ุจุชู†ุชุฌ acid ู…ู†
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:43:28,330 --> 00:43:30,830
2431
+ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒุงุฒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ acid ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒุงุฒ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:43:30,830 --> 00:43:35,910
2435
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชุงุฒุงู„ุฌูˆู†ูˆูƒูˆูƒุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุจูŠูƒุณ ู…ู†
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:43:35,910 --> 00:43:40,610
2439
+ ุงู†ุฌูˆูƒูˆูƒุงุณุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฎุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ูˆ ุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:43:40,610 --> 00:43:44,610
2443
+ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงู† ู‡ุชุนุทูŠ ุฃุซุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:43:44,610 --> 00:43:47,550
2447
+ ุฌูˆู†ูˆุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ similarities ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:43:47,550 --> 00:43:51,870
2451
+ resistance ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:43:51,870 --> 00:43:55,980
2455
+ ุญุณุงุณูŠุชู‡ู… ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุฑุถู‡ ุญุณุงุณูŠู† ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:43:55,980 --> 00:44:00,620
2459
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ุงุจู†ุนุฑูุด ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:44:00,620 --> 00:44:05,140
2463
+ ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชูˆุฒูŠุญู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ inflammatory exudates ููŠ
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:44:05,140 --> 00:44:08,080
2467
+ ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุฒุงุช ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† intracellular ุฃูˆ extracellular
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:44:08,080 --> 00:44:12,000
2471
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง the same ูˆุจูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุณุงุท ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:17,330
2475
+ ุงู„chocolate agar ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:44:17,330 --> 00:44:22,410
2479
+ ุจุฑุงู†ู‡ุงู…ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงุชุฑุงู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:44:22,410 --> 00:44:26,190
2483
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุฑุงู†ู‡ุงู…ูŠู„ุง ูƒุงุชุฑุงู„ูŠุณ formerly called
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:44:26,190 --> 00:44:31,090
2487
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุงุชุฑุงู„ูŠุณ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุดูƒู„ุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:44:31,090 --> 00:44:34,930
2491
+ ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃุฎุฑ ุชุญุช
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:44:34,930 --> 00:44:36,870
2495
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุฏูŠ will appear Gram Negative
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:44:36,870 --> 00:44:41,810
2499
+ DiplococciIt is a part of the oral flora of the
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:44:41,810 --> 00:44:46,930
2503
+ throat ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cavity ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:44:46,930 --> 00:44:49,830
2507
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ mucous membrane ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ respiratory
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:44:49,830 --> 00:44:53,530
2511
+ tract non-pathogenic characterized by its
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:44:53,530 --> 00:44:57,430
2515
+ inability to ferment any carbohydrate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏุงุด
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:44:57,430 --> 00:45:00,610
2519
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ferment ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุบู„ุท ู‡ูŠ
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:45:00,610 --> 00:45:05,250
2523
+ to oxidize ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง obligatory ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:45:05,250 --> 00:45:11,420
2527
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ oxidation ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:45:11,420 --> 00:45:14,560
2531
+ ูุตู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ูˆุงุทู„ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:45:14,560 --> 00:45:19,900
2535
+ ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง DNA homology studies ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:45:19,900 --> 00:45:23,560
2539
+ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุงู„ DNA ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ูŠ ุฌูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู†
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:45:23,560 --> 00:45:28,990
2543
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ genus ู†ูŠุณูŠุฑูŠุง ุงุจุชุฏูŠุช ุชูุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุงุจู‡ูŠูƒ
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:45:28,990 --> 00:45:31,930
2547
+ ุจู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ nasiria ูŠู…ูƒู†
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:45:31,930 --> 00:45:34,130
2551
+ ุงุฐุง ุฃุณุนูู†ุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:45:34,130 --> 00:45:39,230
2555
+ revision ูˆ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ .. ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ ูƒุงู… ุฏู‡ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู†
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:45:39,230 --> 00:45:43,110
2559
+ ุงู„ enterobacteria C ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ gram-bostric
2560
+
2561
+ 641
2562
+ 00:45:43,110 --> 00:45:46,390
2563
+ oxide ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ nasiria ู…ุน ุชุฐูƒูŠุฑ ุจุฅู† ุงู„
2564
+
2565
+ 642
2566
+ 00:45:46,390 --> 00:45:49,470
2567
+ software ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนุทุชูƒูˆุง ุฅูŠู‡ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ูƒูˆุง ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
2568
+
2569
+ 643
2570
+ 00:45:49,470 --> 00:45:54,830
2571
+ ุงุชุนุฑูุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุฑุณุชูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู†
2572
+
2573
+ 644
2574
+ 00:45:54,830 --> 00:45:57,990
2575
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ software ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ consecutive test
2576
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,010 --> 00:00:24,490
3
+ ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morning how are you todayุŸ very
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,490 --> 00:00:27,170
7
+ good very good all right I had a chance to look at
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,170 --> 00:00:31,530
11
+ your writings over the past week and I've noticed
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,530 --> 00:00:33,870
15
+ some things that we need actually to pay attention
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:33,870 --> 00:00:37,150
19
+ to whenever you're writing these are most of the
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,150 --> 00:00:40,410
23
+ some things that we actually discussed in class so
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:40,410 --> 00:00:45,670
27
+ it is important today to give you feedback on your
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,670 --> 00:00:49,230
31
+ writing and also to give you some ideas and focus
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:49,230 --> 00:00:53,070
35
+ highlight some of the problemsุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุฃุฑู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:53,070 --> 00:00:59,610
39
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒุชุจ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุชูƒุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,610 --> 00:01:03,850
43
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุชูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:03,850 --> 00:01:07,500
47
+ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„after that that you will
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:07,500 --> 00:01:12,980
51
+ be able to correct and pay attention to any kinds
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:12,980 --> 00:01:16,080
55
+ of problems that you might see in your writings
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:20,080
59
+ alright? so let's see .. let's look at this first
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:24,280
63
+ example of your .. of one of your writings and
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:28,300
67
+ let's quickly read it and see what sort of
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,300 --> 00:01:32,710
71
+ problems can you see in this paragraph alright?So
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:32,710 --> 00:01:36,010
75
+ things like we talked about already, things like
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,010 --> 00:01:39,410
79
+ paragraph form, the layout of the paragraph,
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:39,750 --> 00:01:43,250
83
+ subject verb agreement, comma splice, run on
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:43,250 --> 00:01:46,170
87
+ sentence structure and so on What I'd like you to
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:46,170 --> 00:01:49,570
91
+ do now is to read quickly this paragraph and tell
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,570 --> 00:01:52,110
95
+ me what sort of problems do you see in this
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,110 --> 00:01:53,070
99
+ paragraph
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:30,820
103
+ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:23,340
107
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:23,340 --> 00:03:28,140
111
+ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ููŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:28,140 --> 00:03:34,120
115
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆุŒ ู‡ู„ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑู‰
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:36,810
119
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŸIn this paragraph. Yes please. The margins
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:36,810 --> 00:03:41,070
123
+ aren't regular. The margins are not regular. Very
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:41,070 --> 00:03:43,690
127
+ good note. Very good idea. Yes please. What else?
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:44,070 --> 00:03:47,090
131
+ Punctuation. Punctuation problems. All right. Yes
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:47,090 --> 00:03:49,510
135
+ please. All right. Let's discuss the format of
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:49,510 --> 00:03:53,420
139
+ paragraph. Is this the correct paragraph format?Is
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:53,420 --> 00:03:56,680
143
+ this the correct form? Of course not. We said that
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:56,680 --> 00:04:00,560
147
+ any paragraph you don't leave lines empty. All
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:03,720
151
+ right? So you write basically on every line and
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,200
155
+ you don't have this kind of layout, this kind of
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:07,200 --> 00:04:10,480
159
+ form. So you finish the sentence here. All right?
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:15,440
163
+ Right here.and don't leave the half of the line
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:15,440 --> 00:04:18,240
167
+ blank and start a new line, do not start a new
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:22,240
171
+ line like this so it should be like here because
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:25,600
175
+ we're talking about a paragraph form not an essay,
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:25,740 --> 00:04:28,220
179
+ alright? so we're starting with the paragraph
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:28,220 --> 00:04:31,720
183
+ form, alright? so I finished here, the right thing
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:35,940
187
+ is second is to write here and the same thing
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:35,940 --> 00:04:42,750
191
+ right hereSo don't leave any spaces, alright?
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:42,930 --> 00:04:44,710
195
+ Unless you come to the end of the paragraph, of
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:44,710 --> 00:04:46,850
199
+ the line, then you start a new line like
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:46,850 --> 00:04:50,410
203
+ naturally. But this way is not the correct way.
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:50,490 --> 00:04:53,850
207
+ You have always to write in every line. So the
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:53,850 --> 00:05:00,870
211
+ first thing of our checklist is always check your
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:00,870 --> 00:05:03,530
215
+ paragraph form, alright? So the first thing
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:03,530 --> 00:05:04,790
219
+ paragraph form.
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:15,760
223
+ anything else anything else all right anything
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:20,080
227
+ else yes please the sentence is there is some
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:24,840
231
+ repetition in this paragraph very nice idea let's
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:26,680
235
+ look at the topic sentence is there a topic
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:31,500
239
+ sentence just read the first sentence is there a
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:31,500 --> 00:05:34,840
243
+ clear topic sentenceuniversal differ from high
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:34,840 --> 00:05:37,400
247
+ school such as number of lectures, time of
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:41,800
251
+ lectures and exams I agree there is a clear topic
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:45,240
255
+ sentence but it means .. yes because here .. here
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:48,520
259
+ and here they are talking about number of
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:48,520 --> 00:05:51,300
263
+ lectures, time of lectures and exams but we need
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:51,300 --> 00:05:55,300
267
+ to rewrite it in a better way are there clear
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:55,300 --> 00:05:59,480
271
+ supporting sentences? just go over them are they
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:01,780
275
+ clear supporting sentences?
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:07,570
279
+ I think they are okay but we need some more
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:07,570 --> 00:06:10,090
283
+ development yes we need some more development we
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:10,090 --> 00:06:13,290
287
+ will see later on a very clear example of what a
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:13,290 --> 00:06:15,850
291
+ paragraph on this topic should look like is there
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:19,110
295
+ a conclusion yes yes there is a conclusion okay
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:19,110 --> 00:06:21,910
299
+ but it needs some fine tuning some tweaking so
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:21,910 --> 00:06:25,750
303
+ that we are able to present a clear idea and clear
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:25,750 --> 00:06:29,150
307
+ conclusion all right so in this paragraph yes the
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:29,150 --> 00:06:31,530
311
+ structure is clear we have a topic sentence we
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:31,530 --> 00:06:33,690
315
+ have supporting sentences but they need some
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:33,690 --> 00:06:38,400
319
+ developmentand then we have a concluding sentence.
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:40,840
323
+ But let's look at the grammar which is very
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:40,840 --> 00:06:43,820
327
+ important at this stage. Let's look at the first
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:43,820 --> 00:06:46,700
331
+ sentence. Is there a problem with the grammar
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:46,700 --> 00:06:50,700
335
+ here? University differs from high school such as
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:50,700 --> 00:06:53,660
339
+ the number of lectures, time of lectures and
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:53,660 --> 00:06:59,050
343
+ exams.differs okay so there is a problem here is
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:59,050 --> 00:07:03,250
347
+ with always check your subject verb agreement okay
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:03,250 --> 00:07:07,650
351
+ university differs this is something called
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:07,650 --> 00:07:14,760
355
+ subject verb agreement alrightSo at this stage you
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:14,760 --> 00:07:17,220
359
+ should be able to address .. to avoid these ..
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:17,220 --> 00:07:19,200
363
+ making these kinds of problems. Always make sure
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:22,780
367
+ that the subject agrees with the verb or vice
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:22,780 --> 00:07:24,780
371
+ versa. The verb agrees with the subject.
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:24,960 --> 00:07:29,000
375
+ University differs .. universities differ from
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,720
379
+ school. So the second thing that you need to look
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:37,180
383
+ at is subject, verb
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:41,010 --> 00:07:47,450
387
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชูุนู„ ุฃูŠ ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:47,450 --> 00:07:52,590
391
+ ู„ู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู†ุญู† ู…ุง ุฒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:52,590 --> 00:07:58,270
395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:58,270 --> 00:08:02,370
399
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉุŸ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:02,370 --> 00:08:06,350
403
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŸ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:06,610 --> 00:08:09,150
407
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:09,150 --> 00:08:13,310
411
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:13,310 --> 00:08:17,770
415
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:17,770 --> 00:08:25,550
419
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:25,550 --> 00:08:33,470
423
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:35,530 --> 00:08:42,370
427
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชูƒุชุดู ุงูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชูƒุชุดู ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:42,370 --> 00:08:48,110
431
+ ุนู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชูƒุชุดู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑู
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:48,110 --> 00:08:52,590
435
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒุชุดู ูˆุงุถุนู‡ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:52,590 --> 00:08:58,610
439
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ูƒุชุดู ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:58,610 --> 00:09:04,360
443
+ ุงุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฎุฑlectures, times of
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:07,840
447
+ lectures and exam. All right? Let's look at the
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:12,820
451
+ second sentence and do you have any problems here?
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:15,020 --> 00:09:20,580
455
+ Look at punctuation and capitalization again. What
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:20,580 --> 00:09:23,000
459
+ do you notice? What do you notice in the
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:26,080
463
+ punctuation and the capitalization? All right. Yes
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:26,080 --> 00:09:26,360
467
+ please.
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:33,360
471
+ before but there so it is not here it should be
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:37,960
475
+ here I saw this quite often in some of your
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:40,960
479
+ writings so the comma is always before the
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:45,140
483
+ coordinating conjunctions not after it so it is
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:45,140 --> 00:09:49,120
487
+ comma but comma so not so comma and so on and the
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:52,900
491
+ same thing podium is about all there is no need
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:52,900 --> 00:09:57,170
495
+ for capitalizingูˆู„ุง. All right? So first of all
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:57,170 --> 00:10:00,230
499
+ ูƒู…ุง in university you choose your lectures but in
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:00,230 --> 00:10:02,970
503
+ school you have five or six classes.
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:05,450 --> 00:10:06,870
507
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:06,990 --> 00:10:07,250
511
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:07,250 --> 00:10:09,810
515
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:10,070 --> 00:10:11,530
519
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:11,530 --> 00:10:11,690
523
+ Classes. Classes. Classes.
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:14,950 --> 00:10:15,470
527
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:15,470 --> 00:10:15,570
531
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:15,910
535
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:15,970
539
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:16,290 --> 00:10:19,510
543
+ Classes. Classes. Class
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:28,710 --> 00:10:36,370
547
+ ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุชูุงู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:36,370 --> 00:10:36,750
551
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:36,750 --> 00:10:37,030
555
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:37,030 --> 00:10:40,510
559
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:40,510 --> 00:10:42,750
563
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:42,750 --> 00:10:49,910
567
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:57,870 --> 00:11:01,110
571
+ ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† run on ูˆ comma
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:01,110 --> 00:11:07,070
575
+ spliceุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู†ุนู… ูŠุง
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:07,070 --> 00:11:10,570
579
+ ุณูŠู…ุงุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช run onุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช comma splice
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:10,570 --> 00:11:17,950
583
+ ุจุณุจุจ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ .. ูู‚ุท ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:17,950 --> 00:11:23,800
587
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุงุŸุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:33,260
591
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:33,260 --> 00:11:34,120
595
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:34,600
599
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:34,980
603
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:34,980 --> 00:11:43,900
607
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:43,900 --> 00:11:48,680
611
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:54,530 --> 00:11:59,650
615
+ complex okay and complex sentences alright so
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:59,650 --> 00:12:01,990
619
+ these are very important things that we need to
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:01,990 --> 00:12:05,250
623
+ address and we need to pay attention to whenever
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:05,250 --> 00:12:10,030
627
+ we write finally in university you have to study
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:10,030 --> 00:12:13,850
631
+ to get a high marks but because of the hard exams
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:16,330 --> 00:12:19,030
635
+ because of the hard exam but in school isn't much
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:21,930
639
+ difficult than university exams do you notice any
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:21,930 --> 00:12:24,810
643
+ problems hereุŸ yes clear there are some two at
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:24,810 --> 00:12:28,610
647
+ least two problems with punctuation and with
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:28,610 --> 00:12:33,080
651
+ number agreement what are they?Yes please. To get
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:36,280
655
+ high marks. To get a high marks. Is that correct?
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:36,460 --> 00:12:39,620
659
+ Of course not. To get high marks. So there is no
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:39,620 --> 00:12:42,680
663
+ need for the aia because it's a plural now. Okay?
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:43,100 --> 00:12:46,240
667
+ So here we're looking at number four. Number
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:46,240 --> 00:12:49,780
671
+ agreement. Okay? Anything else? University.
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:52,540
675
+ University. Should be capital or small letter?
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:53,100 --> 00:12:58,700
679
+ Small letter. Okay? Alright school.But in school,
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:58,880 --> 00:13:02,480
683
+ small letter or capital letters? Small letter. All
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:02,480 --> 00:13:06,340
687
+ right? Finally, to sum up, university more
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:06,340 --> 00:13:15,720
691
+ different than school. To sum up, university small
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:15,720 --> 00:13:21,900
695
+ letter is .. the verb is missing. Okay? So we're
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:21,900 --> 00:13:26,060
699
+ talking about againsubject-verb agreement you make
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:26,060 --> 00:13:30,260
703
+ sure that every subject has a verb and it agrees
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:30,260 --> 00:13:33,920
707
+ with it all right? So these are five points and
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:35,300
711
+ it's something like
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:40,580 --> 00:13:43,540
715
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:43,540 --> 00:13:45,600
719
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงูƒุชุดู
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:50,240
723
+ ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู…
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:50,240 --> 00:13:56,600
727
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:56,600 --> 00:14:01,280
731
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถsecond thing you have subject-verb
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:01,280 --> 00:14:03,580
735
+ agreement make sure that every subject agrees with
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:03,580 --> 00:14:07,580
739
+ every verb with its verb capitalize when necessary
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:07,580 --> 00:14:11,440
743
+ number agreements avoid run on and comma splice
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:11,440 --> 00:14:15,440
747
+ and finally make sure that you allow them to use a
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:20,120
751
+ comma and when not to use any comma is that clear?
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:21,060 --> 00:14:24,620
755
+ all right very cool kids look at this second
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:24,620 --> 00:14:26,140
759
+ example of your paragraph
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:30,710 --> 00:14:36,230
763
+ ูˆ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู„ุงุญุธ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:36,230 --> 00:14:42,810
767
+ ุฃูˆู„ุงุŸ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:42,810 --> 00:14:45,550
771
+ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:45,550 --> 00:14:46,450
775
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:46,450 --> 00:14:47,710
779
+ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:47,710 --> 00:14:48,490
783
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:48,490 --> 00:14:57,210
787
+ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:57,210 --> 00:14:58,170
791
+ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:05,360
795
+ Is there a clear topic sentence? Of course not.
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:05,460 --> 00:15:08,240
799
+ There is no need for this sentence. Is that
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:08,500
803
+ correct?
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:15,030 --> 00:15:17,850
807
+ and this is like an announcement very nice it's
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:17,850 --> 00:15:21,170
811
+ like an announcement and the same thing is this a
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:21,170 --> 00:15:23,470
815
+ sentence the difference between high school and
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:23,470 --> 00:15:27,310
819
+ university a lot no it's more of a title there is
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:27,310 --> 00:15:31,250
823
+ no verb there is no subject verb relationship or
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:31,250 --> 00:15:34,050
827
+ subject verb agreement how can we make it we could
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:34,050 --> 00:15:39,830
831
+ sayู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุชุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:39,830 --> 00:15:45,490
835
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:45,490 --> 00:15:49,170
839
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:49,170 --> 00:15:51,370
843
+ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:58,550 --> 00:16:02,930
847
+ ูˆ ุงูˆุฏ ุงู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูƒูŠู
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:02,930 --> 00:16:09,370
851
+ ู†ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุงfirst thing
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:09,370 --> 00:16:14,310
855
+ we notice that it has the proper format alright we
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:18,150
859
+ wrote basically on every line I'm not going to let
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:20,850
863
+ you read it because it's a bit .. it's quite big
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:20,850 --> 00:16:24,270
867
+ but does you notice the university is different
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:24,270 --> 00:16:27,950
871
+ from high school in three important ways very
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:27,950 --> 00:16:30,930
875
+ clear topic sentence the controlling idea is right
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:30,930 --> 00:16:34,090
879
+ there the differences or three differences between
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:34,090 --> 00:16:38,740
883
+ high school and universityุฃูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:38,740 --> 00:16:42,840
887
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„The university is much bigger than
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:45,360
891
+ the high school in the student numbers and the
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:45,360 --> 00:16:48,880
895
+ size and location of buildings. This is the first
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:51,480
899
+ difference. But it's not enough just to write one
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:54,200
903
+ difference. We have to provide examples. We have
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:57,300
907
+ to discuss it because it is not enough to make the
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:57,300 --> 00:17:01,060
911
+ idea clear. So we say for example there are twenty
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:01,060 --> 00:17:03,680
915
+ or over twenty thousand students in the university
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:06,740
919
+ and many big buildings blah blah blah as you can
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:06,740 --> 00:17:12,050
923
+ see. So now the idea is now clear.ุซู… ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:12,050 --> 00:17:15,270
927
+ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:21,310
931
+ ุชุฎุชู„ู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญู‡ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:21,310 --> 00:17:27,230
935
+ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุงุช ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงู„ ููŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:27,230 --> 00:17:30,630
939
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ูŠุฐู‡ุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุฑุณุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:30,630 --> 00:17:32,750
943
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:32,750 --> 00:17:33,310
947
+ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:33,310 --> 00:17:35,490
951
+ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:35,490 --> 00:17:38,900
955
+ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉfor their learning than they do at
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:38,900 --> 00:17:42,200
959
+ high school and then we have an example to clarify
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:46,520
963
+ the idea and finally in conclusion university life
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:50,420
967
+ is very different so students must really do their
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:50,420 --> 00:17:53,200
971
+ best to succeed so what we see in this example are
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:57,780
975
+ very clear, nicely writtenุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:57,780 --> 00:17:59,900
979
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:59,900 --> 00:18:01,060
983
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:01,060 --> 00:18:02,340
987
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:02,340 --> 00:18:04,040
991
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:07,080
995
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:07,080 --> 00:18:10,240
999
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:24,300
1003
+ ู…ุตุท
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:28,520
1007
+ the problems in these things in these following
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:28,520 --> 00:18:31,280
1011
+ sentencesุŒ I'll give you some time just to go over
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:35,320
1015
+ these sentences and identify the problems in them
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:23,610 --> 00:19:24,230
1019
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:45,380 --> 00:20:06,860
1023
+ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฏุงุฑ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุฑุฌ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:06,860 --> 00:20:11,620
1027
+ ุงูˆ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุดูˆูŠุฉAll right
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:36,580 --> 00:20:38,500
1031
+ What do you notice about the first sentenceุŸ What
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:38,500 --> 00:20:42,260
1035
+ problem do you see in this first sentenceุŸ Yes
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:45,260
1039
+ please. And the first it's not going to .. to say
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:45,260 --> 00:20:47,600
1043
+ that I'm going to mention so and so. Okay, so
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:51,680
1047
+ avoid making announcement. There is no need for
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:51,680 --> 00:20:54,040
1051
+ announcement. There is also another problem. We
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:55,960
1055
+ talked about it. We just talked about it. Which
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:55,960 --> 00:21:00,360
1059
+ is? Okay, there we have a lot of difference or a
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:00,360 --> 00:21:04,300
1063
+ lot of differences. A lot of differences. So we're
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:04,300 --> 00:21:04,980
1067
+ looking at
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:08,710 --> 00:21:12,290
1071
+ Okay? All right. Let's see the second one. First
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:12,290 --> 00:21:15,470
1075
+ in a high school we wear formal uniform for the
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:15,470 --> 00:21:18,610
1079
+ school but in a university we wear what we want.
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:19,570 --> 00:21:24,330
1083
+ Yes please. Okay so before but there has to be a
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:24,330 --> 00:21:28,330
1087
+ comma. All right. In high school we wear formal
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:28,330 --> 00:21:34,720
1091
+ uniform comma butูู‡ู†ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ูƒูˆู…ุงุฑูˆุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ..
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:39,120
1095
+ ู†ุนู… ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุนู… ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุนู… ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:39,120 --> 00:21:43,620
1099
+ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู†ุง ู†ูุณู†ุง ุญุณู†ุง ูุนู† ู†ูุณู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:43,620 --> 00:21:48,420
1103
+ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู†ูุณู†ุง ูุนู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:48,420 --> 00:21:50,640
1107
+ ู†ูุณู†ุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:52,070 --> 00:21:56,550
1111
+ ourselves is that correct all right on ourselves
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:56,550 --> 00:22:00,470
1115
+ without ourselves okay also second what do you
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:00,470 --> 00:22:03,370
1119
+ want to see here is that spelling correctly is
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:03,370 --> 00:22:10,190
1123
+ that spelled correctly okay so it's a number seven
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:10,190 --> 00:22:17,090
1127
+ spelling avoid making spelling mistakes okay and
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:17,090 --> 00:22:22,220
1131
+ the person who can dependู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุชุณู…ุน.
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:23,140 --> 00:22:27,060
1135
+ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู†ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:27,060 --> 00:22:31,640
1139
+ ู„ุง ุชูุนู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุชุณู…ุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญูŠู†ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู„ุง ุชูุนู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:34,040
1143
+ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุชุณู…ุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:38,050 --> 00:22:41,730
1147
+ ุฃูุฑู† ููŠู„ู… ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุณุชู…ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุชูƒู„ู…
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:41,730 --> 00:22:46,730
1151
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ. ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุง. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:46,730 --> 00:22:50,830
1155
+ ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู†ุนู… ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ู„ูŠุณ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:50,830 --> 00:22:56,250
1159
+ ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงุชูุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:56,250 --> 00:23:01,230
1163
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ. ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:01,230 --> 00:23:03,050
1167
+ ู†ุฐู‡ุจ. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุณุนู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„. ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:03,050 --> 00:23:09,220
1171
+ ู†ุณุนู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„. ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑู‚ู… 5.Number five studying
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:23:09,220 --> 00:23:12,800
1175
+ in university
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:16,800
1179
+ is what it is because this is a subject and this
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:19,200
1183
+ is another subject. We cannot use two subjects
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:23,600
1187
+ like this. So studying in university is more
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:29,520
1191
+ difficult and complicated experience.
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:30,700 --> 00:23:33,720
1195
+ is that correct? yes please ุงู„ number four you can
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:39,460
1199
+ say third or finally these are just examples from
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:39,460 --> 00:23:41,960
1203
+ different writings examples from different
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:45,400
1207
+ paragraphs okay so studying in university small
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:50,700
1211
+ letter small letter all right is more difficult
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:50,700 --> 00:23:54,540
1215
+ and complicated so avoid making mistakes in
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:54,540 --> 00:23:59,140
1219
+ grammar and in spelling I have some more examples
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:59,140 --> 00:24:02,720
1223
+ hereุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‚ูˆุงุช
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:32,120 --> 00:24:38,600
1227
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:44,220 --> 00:24:52,000
1231
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:55,240
1235
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:25:15,370 --> 00:25:19,830
1239
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:25:31,020 --> 00:25:32,220
1243
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠูŠู† ูŠุญุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉ
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:25:58,010 --> 00:25:59,410
1247
+ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:19,140
1251
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:22,470 --> 00:26:26,510
1255
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ุญุณู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:26,510 --> 00:26:32,830
1259
+ ุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ. ุญุณู†ุง
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:32,830 --> 00:26:37,030
1263
+ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ู… 6ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ..
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:37,030 --> 00:26:42,130
1267
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท .. ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:42,130 --> 00:26:47,890
1271
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ .. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ .. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุชูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:47,890 --> 00:26:54,240
1275
+ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:26:54,240 --> 00:27:01,080
1279
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจู‚ุตุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู„ุง
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:09,360
1283
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ูŠุฌุจ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:12,960
1287
+ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:18,050
1291
+ unemployment causes destroying causes subject the
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:18,050 --> 00:27:22,770
1295
+ agreement unemployment causes destroying country
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:22,770 --> 00:27:26,290
1299
+ economic how can we say destroying country causes
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:26,290 --> 00:27:32,550
1303
+ the destruction of a country's economy okay all
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:32,550 --> 00:27:37,250
1307
+ right causes destroying we can say a country's
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:37,250 --> 00:27:40,470
1311
+ economy all right
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:51,390
1315
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุงุจูŠุชุงู„ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:51,390 --> 00:27:55,470
1319
+ ูƒุงุจูŠุชุงู„ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุชูุงู‚ ูˆ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:55,470 --> 00:28:01,770
1323
+ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุฎุทูˆุทุฉ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:01,770 --> 00:28:02,150
1327
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:14,590 --> 00:28:20,230
1331
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:22,110
1335
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:22,110 --> 00:28:22,350
1339
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:22,350 --> 00:28:22,490
1343
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:22,490 --> 00:28:23,870
1347
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:23,870 --> 00:28:27,070
1351
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:27,070 --> 00:28:35,590
1355
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:35,590 --> 00:28:38,580
1359
+ ู…ุงู„ูŠSo we don't need unemployment because many
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:38,580 --> 00:28:41,740
1363
+ problems are in the society for a stop of
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:41,740 --> 00:28:47,640
1367
+ semicolon for example unemployment again leads
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:51,560
1371
+ people to do illegal activities. Now it's better
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:58,270
1375
+ written sentence. Let's see number eightfirst in
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:58,270 --> 00:29:00,890
1379
+ university you can choose the subject that I can
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:00,890 --> 00:29:04,510
1383
+ study it and feel comfortable with it in contrast
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:04,510 --> 00:29:07,050
1387
+ in high school we committed to study the subjects
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:07,050 --> 00:29:09,170
1391
+ that choose by the school
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:29:28,500 --> 00:29:32,380
1395
+ Okay, so you and I there's no agreement in
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:29:32,380 --> 00:29:36,200
1399
+ pronouns, you can study the subject that you
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:29:36,200 --> 00:29:39,160
1403
+ can't. There's no need for that. We'll talk about
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:39,160 --> 00:29:42,380
1407
+ it later on inshallah next week about pronoun
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:42,380 --> 00:29:45,120
1411
+ agreement. Okay? This is an important topic that
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:48,100
1415
+ we'll talk about that you can choose the subject
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:48,100 --> 00:29:51,120
1419
+ that you can study, there's no need and feel
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:51,120 --> 00:30:00,190
1423
+ comfortable with that.In high school
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:00,190 --> 00:30:06,570
1427
+ we are committed to study the subjects that
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:12,780 --> 00:30:17,560
1431
+ ุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุงุฎุชุงุฑุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:17,960
1435
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:30:17,960 --> 00:30:23,300
1439
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:30:23,300 --> 00:30:26,160
1443
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:28,360
1447
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:30:28,360 --> 00:30:28,960
1451
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:39,760
1455
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:39,760 --> 00:30:48,540
1459
+ ู†unemployment effects negative affects a verb in
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:48,540 --> 00:30:52,140
1463
+ the spelling should be correct affects negatively
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:52,140 --> 00:31:00,420
1467
+ on the society and causes a lot of problems in
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:00,420 --> 00:31:06,820
1471
+ society and also society ie so here we are talking
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:06,820 --> 00:31:08,800
1475
+ about spelling mistake
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:11,220 --> 00:31:17,520
1479
+ and finally in conclude university rules is more
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:22,240
1483
+ flexible than school rules
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:30,320
1487
+ and in this place in conclude ุฌู†ุฉ university rules
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:30,320 --> 00:31:31,580
1491
+ are
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:34,570 --> 00:31:43,070
1495
+ ู†ู…ุจุฑ ุงู‚ุฑู† are more flexible than school rules. So
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:43,070 --> 00:31:46,890
1499
+ what we see here in these examples are some
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:46,890 --> 00:31:51,150
1503
+ problems that we can identify and we should be
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:51,150 --> 00:31:56,590
1507
+ aware of them next time we write them.ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:56,590 --> 00:32:01,510
1511
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:01,510 --> 00:32:05,450
1515
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:05,450 --> 00:32:06,370
1519
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:06,370 --> 00:32:08,510
1523
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:08,510 --> 00:32:12,150
1527
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:12,150 --> 00:32:18,150
1531
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:18,150 --> 00:32:22,370
1535
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:22,370 --> 00:32:23,190
1539
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:31,320
1543
+ apply the common rules that we studied correctly
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:31,320 --> 00:32:35,700
1547
+ and finally don't make obvious spelling mistakes
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:35,700 --> 00:32:38,840
1551
+ okay are these things are clear to you so
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:38,840 --> 00:32:41,040
1555
+ inshallah next time whenever you write make sure
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,500
1559
+ that you avoid these making these kinds of
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:44,500 --> 00:32:46,780
1563
+ mistakes and remember this is checklist we're
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:46,780 --> 00:32:50,660
1567
+ going to add to this checklist in the times and
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:50,660 --> 00:32:54,560
1571
+ weeks ahead inshallah all right all right thank
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:56,760
1575
+ you very much and inshallah i'll see you next time
1576
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,010 --> 00:00:24,490
3
+ ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morning how are you todayุŸ very
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,490 --> 00:00:27,170
7
+ good very good all right I had a chance to look at
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,170 --> 00:00:31,530
11
+ your writings over the past week and I've noticed
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,530 --> 00:00:33,870
15
+ some things that we need actually to pay attention
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:33,870 --> 00:00:37,150
19
+ to whenever you're writing these are most of the
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,150 --> 00:00:40,410
23
+ some things that we actually discussed in class so
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:40,410 --> 00:00:45,670
27
+ it is important today to give you feedback on your
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,670 --> 00:00:49,230
31
+ writing and also to give you some ideas and focus
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:49,230 --> 00:00:53,070
35
+ highlight some of the problemsุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุฃุฑู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:53,070 --> 00:00:59,610
39
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒุชุจ ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุชูƒุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:59,610 --> 00:01:03,850
43
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุชูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:03,850 --> 00:01:07,500
47
+ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„after that that you will
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:07,500 --> 00:01:12,980
51
+ be able to correct and pay attention to any kinds
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:12,980 --> 00:01:16,080
55
+ of problems that you might see in your writings
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:20,080
59
+ alright? so let's see .. let's look at this first
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:24,280
63
+ example of your .. of one of your writings and
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:28,300
67
+ let's quickly read it and see what sort of
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,300 --> 00:01:32,710
71
+ problems can you see in this paragraph alright?So
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:32,710 --> 00:01:36,010
75
+ things like we talked about already, things like
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,010 --> 00:01:39,410
79
+ paragraph form, the layout of the paragraph,
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:39,750 --> 00:01:43,250
83
+ subject verb agreement, comma splice, run on
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:43,250 --> 00:01:46,170
87
+ sentence structure and so on What I'd like you to
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:46,170 --> 00:01:49,570
91
+ do now is to read quickly this paragraph and tell
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,570 --> 00:01:52,110
95
+ me what sort of problems do you see in this
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,110 --> 00:01:53,070
99
+ paragraph
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:30,820
103
+ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:23,340
107
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:03:23,340 --> 00:03:28,140
111
+ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ููŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:03:28,140 --> 00:03:34,120
115
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆุŒ ู‡ู„ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฑู‰
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:36,810
119
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŸIn this paragraph. Yes please. The margins
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:03:36,810 --> 00:03:41,070
123
+ aren't regular. The margins are not regular. Very
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:03:41,070 --> 00:03:43,690
127
+ good note. Very good idea. Yes please. What else?
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:44,070 --> 00:03:47,090
131
+ Punctuation. Punctuation problems. All right. Yes
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:47,090 --> 00:03:49,510
135
+ please. All right. Let's discuss the format of
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:49,510 --> 00:03:53,420
139
+ paragraph. Is this the correct paragraph format?Is
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:53,420 --> 00:03:56,680
143
+ this the correct form? Of course not. We said that
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:56,680 --> 00:04:00,560
147
+ any paragraph you don't leave lines empty. All
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:03,720
151
+ right? So you write basically on every line and
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:07,200
155
+ you don't have this kind of layout, this kind of
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:04:07,200 --> 00:04:10,480
159
+ form. So you finish the sentence here. All right?
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:15,440
163
+ Right here.and don't leave the half of the line
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:04:15,440 --> 00:04:18,240
167
+ blank and start a new line, do not start a new
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:22,240
171
+ line like this so it should be like here because
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:25,600
175
+ we're talking about a paragraph form not an essay,
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:25,740 --> 00:04:28,220
179
+ alright? so we're starting with the paragraph
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:28,220 --> 00:04:31,720
183
+ form, alright? so I finished here, the right thing
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:31,720 --> 00:04:35,940
187
+ is second is to write here and the same thing
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:35,940 --> 00:04:42,750
191
+ right hereSo don't leave any spaces, alright?
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:42,930 --> 00:04:44,710
195
+ Unless you come to the end of the paragraph, of
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:44,710 --> 00:04:46,850
199
+ the line, then you start a new line like
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:46,850 --> 00:04:50,410
203
+ naturally. But this way is not the correct way.
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:50,490 --> 00:04:53,850
207
+ You have always to write in every line. So the
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:53,850 --> 00:05:00,870
211
+ first thing of our checklist is always check your
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:00,870 --> 00:05:03,530
215
+ paragraph form, alright? So the first thing
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:03,530 --> 00:05:04,790
219
+ paragraph form.
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:15,760
223
+ anything else anything else all right anything
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:20,080
227
+ else yes please the sentence is there is some
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:24,840
231
+ repetition in this paragraph very nice idea let's
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:26,680
235
+ look at the topic sentence is there a topic
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:31,500
239
+ sentence just read the first sentence is there a
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:31,500 --> 00:05:34,840
243
+ clear topic sentenceuniversal differ from high
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:34,840 --> 00:05:37,400
247
+ school such as number of lectures, time of
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:41,800
251
+ lectures and exams I agree there is a clear topic
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:45,240
255
+ sentence but it means .. yes because here .. here
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:48,520
259
+ and here they are talking about number of
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:48,520 --> 00:05:51,300
263
+ lectures, time of lectures and exams but we need
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:51,300 --> 00:05:55,300
267
+ to rewrite it in a better way are there clear
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:55,300 --> 00:05:59,480
271
+ supporting sentences? just go over them are they
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:01,780
275
+ clear supporting sentences?
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:07,570
279
+ I think they are okay but we need some more
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:07,570 --> 00:06:10,090
283
+ development yes we need some more development we
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:10,090 --> 00:06:13,290
287
+ will see later on a very clear example of what a
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:13,290 --> 00:06:15,850
291
+ paragraph on this topic should look like is there
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:19,110
295
+ a conclusion yes yes there is a conclusion okay
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:19,110 --> 00:06:21,910
299
+ but it needs some fine tuning some tweaking so
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:21,910 --> 00:06:25,750
303
+ that we are able to present a clear idea and clear
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:25,750 --> 00:06:29,150
307
+ conclusion all right so in this paragraph yes the
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:29,150 --> 00:06:31,530
311
+ structure is clear we have a topic sentence we
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:31,530 --> 00:06:33,690
315
+ have supporting sentences but they need some
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:33,690 --> 00:06:38,400
319
+ developmentand then we have a concluding sentence.
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:38,520 --> 00:06:40,840
323
+ But let's look at the grammar which is very
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:40,840 --> 00:06:43,820
327
+ important at this stage. Let's look at the first
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:43,820 --> 00:06:46,700
331
+ sentence. Is there a problem with the grammar
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:46,700 --> 00:06:50,700
335
+ here? University differs from high school such as
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:50,700 --> 00:06:53,660
339
+ the number of lectures, time of lectures and
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:53,660 --> 00:06:59,050
343
+ exams.differs okay so there is a problem here is
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:59,050 --> 00:07:03,250
347
+ with always check your subject verb agreement okay
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:03,250 --> 00:07:07,650
351
+ university differs this is something called
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:07,650 --> 00:07:14,760
355
+ subject verb agreement alrightSo at this stage you
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:14,760 --> 00:07:17,220
359
+ should be able to address .. to avoid these ..
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:17,220 --> 00:07:19,200
363
+ making these kinds of problems. Always make sure
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:22,780
367
+ that the subject agrees with the verb or vice
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:22,780 --> 00:07:24,780
371
+ versa. The verb agrees with the subject.
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:24,960 --> 00:07:29,000
375
+ University differs .. universities differ from
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,720
379
+ school. So the second thing that you need to look
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:37,180
383
+ at is subject, verb
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:41,010 --> 00:07:47,450
387
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชูุนู„ ุฃูŠ ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:47,450 --> 00:07:52,590
391
+ ู„ู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู†ุญู† ู…ุง ุฒู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:52,590 --> 00:07:58,270
395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:58,270 --> 00:08:02,370
399
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉุŸ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:02,370 --> 00:08:06,350
403
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุŸ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:06,610 --> 00:08:09,150
407
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:09,150 --> 00:08:13,310
411
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:13,310 --> 00:08:17,770
415
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:17,770 --> 00:08:25,550
419
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:25,550 --> 00:08:33,470
423
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:35,530 --> 00:08:42,370
427
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชูƒุชุดู ุงูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชูƒุชุดู ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:42,370 --> 00:08:48,110
431
+ ุนู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชูƒุชุดู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูู‚ุท ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑู
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:48,110 --> 00:08:52,590
435
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูƒุชุดู ูˆุงุถุนู‡ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:52,590 --> 00:08:58,610
439
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ู†ูƒุชุดู ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:58,610 --> 00:09:04,360
443
+ ุงุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฎุฑlectures, times of
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:07,840
447
+ lectures and exam. All right? Let's look at the
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:12,820
451
+ second sentence and do you have any problems here?
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:15,020 --> 00:09:20,580
455
+ Look at punctuation and capitalization again. What
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:20,580 --> 00:09:23,000
459
+ do you notice? What do you notice in the
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:26,080
463
+ punctuation and the capitalization? All right. Yes
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:26,080 --> 00:09:26,360
467
+ please.
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:33,360
471
+ before but there so it is not here it should be
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:37,960
475
+ here I saw this quite often in some of your
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:40,960
479
+ writings so the comma is always before the
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:40,960 --> 00:09:45,140
483
+ coordinating conjunctions not after it so it is
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:45,140 --> 00:09:49,120
487
+ comma but comma so not so comma and so on and the
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:52,900
491
+ same thing podium is about all there is no need
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:52,900 --> 00:09:57,170
495
+ for capitalizingูˆู„ุง. All right? So first of all
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:57,170 --> 00:10:00,230
499
+ ูƒู…ุง in university you choose your lectures but in
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:00,230 --> 00:10:02,970
503
+ school you have five or six classes.
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:05,450 --> 00:10:06,870
507
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:06,990 --> 00:10:07,250
511
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:07,250 --> 00:10:09,810
515
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:10,070 --> 00:10:11,530
519
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:11,530 --> 00:10:11,690
523
+ Classes. Classes. Classes.
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:14,950 --> 00:10:15,470
527
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:15,470 --> 00:10:15,470
531
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:15,470 --> 00:10:15,470
535
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:15,470 --> 00:10:15,570
539
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:15,910
543
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:15,910
547
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:15,910
551
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:15,970
555
+ Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes. Classes.
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:16,290 --> 00:10:19,510
559
+ Classes. Classes. Class
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:28,710 --> 00:10:36,370
563
+ ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ูŠุชูุงู‚ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:36,370 --> 00:10:36,750
567
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:36,750 --> 00:10:37,030
571
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:37,030 --> 00:10:40,510
575
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:40,510 --> 00:10:42,750
579
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:42,750 --> 00:10:49,910
583
+ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงุชูุงู‚
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:57,870 --> 00:11:01,110
587
+ ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† run on ูˆ comma
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:01,110 --> 00:11:07,070
591
+ spliceุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู†ุนู… ูŠุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:07,070 --> 00:11:10,570
595
+ ุณูŠู…ุงุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช run onุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช comma splice
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:10,570 --> 00:11:17,950
599
+ ุจุณุจุจ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ .. ูู‚ุท ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:17,950 --> 00:11:23,800
603
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุงุŸุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:23,800 --> 00:11:33,260
607
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:33,260 --> 00:11:34,120
611
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:34,120
615
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:34,120
619
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:34,600
623
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:34,980
627
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:34,980 --> 00:11:43,900
631
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:43,900 --> 00:11:48,680
635
+ ุฃูˆ ูู„ุณุทูˆ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:54,530 --> 00:11:59,650
639
+ complex okay and complex sentences alright so
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:59,650 --> 00:12:01,990
643
+ these are very important things that we need to
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:01,990 --> 00:12:05,250
647
+ address and we need to pay attention to whenever
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:05,250 --> 00:12:10,030
651
+ we write finally in university you have to study
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:10,030 --> 00:12:13,850
655
+ to get a high marks but because of the hard exams
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:16,330 --> 00:12:19,030
659
+ because of the hard exam but in school isn't much
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:21,930
663
+ difficult than university exams do you notice any
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:21,930 --> 00:12:24,810
667
+ problems hereุŸ yes clear there are some two at
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:24,810 --> 00:12:28,610
671
+ least two problems with punctuation and with
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:28,610 --> 00:12:33,080
675
+ number agreement what are they?Yes please. To get
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:36,280
679
+ high marks. To get a high marks. Is that correct?
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:36,460 --> 00:12:39,620
683
+ Of course not. To get high marks. So there is no
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:39,620 --> 00:12:42,680
687
+ need for the aia because it's a plural now. Okay?
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:43,100 --> 00:12:46,240
691
+ So here we're looking at number four. Number
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:46,240 --> 00:12:49,780
695
+ agreement. Okay? Anything else? University.
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:50,040 --> 00:12:52,540
699
+ University. Should be capital or small letter?
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:53,100 --> 00:12:58,700
703
+ Small letter. Okay? Alright school.But in school,
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:58,880 --> 00:13:02,480
707
+ small letter or capital letters? Small letter. All
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:02,480 --> 00:13:06,340
711
+ right? Finally, to sum up, university more
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:06,340 --> 00:13:15,720
715
+ different than school. To sum up, university small
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:15,720 --> 00:13:21,900
719
+ letter is .. the verb is missing. Okay? So we're
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:21,900 --> 00:13:26,060
723
+ talking about againsubject-verb agreement you make
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:26,060 --> 00:13:30,260
727
+ sure that every subject has a verb and it agrees
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:30,260 --> 00:13:33,920
731
+ with it all right? So these are five points and
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:35,300
735
+ it's something like
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:40,580 --> 00:13:43,540
739
+ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:43,540 --> 00:13:45,600
743
+ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงูƒุชุดู
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:45,600 --> 00:13:50,240
747
+ ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู…
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:50,240 --> 00:13:56,600
751
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:56,600 --> 00:14:01,280
755
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถsecond thing you have subject-verb
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:01,280 --> 00:14:03,580
759
+ agreement make sure that every subject agrees with
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:03,580 --> 00:14:07,580
763
+ every verb with its verb capitalize when necessary
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:07,580 --> 00:14:11,440
767
+ number agreements avoid run on and comma splice
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:11,440 --> 00:14:15,440
771
+ and finally make sure that you allow them to use a
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:20,120
775
+ comma and when not to use any comma is that clear?
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:21,060 --> 00:14:24,620
779
+ all right very cool kids look at this second
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:24,620 --> 00:14:26,140
783
+ example of your paragraph
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:30,710 --> 00:14:36,230
787
+ ูˆ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู„ุงุญุธ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:36,230 --> 00:14:42,810
791
+ ุฃูˆู„ุงุŸ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:42,810 --> 00:14:45,550
795
+ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:45,550 --> 00:14:45,550
799
+ ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:45,550 --> 00:14:45,550
803
+ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:45,550 --> 00:14:46,450
807
+ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:46,450 --> 00:14:47,710
811
+ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:47,710 --> 00:14:48,490
815
+ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:48,490 --> 00:14:57,210
819
+ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:57,210 --> 00:14:58,170
823
+ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:05,360
827
+ Is there a clear topic sentence? Of course not.
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:05,460 --> 00:15:08,240
831
+ There is no need for this sentence. Is that
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:08,500
835
+ correct?
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:15,030 --> 00:15:17,850
839
+ and this is like an announcement very nice it's
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:17,850 --> 00:15:21,170
843
+ like an announcement and the same thing is this a
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:21,170 --> 00:15:23,470
847
+ sentence the difference between high school and
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:23,470 --> 00:15:27,310
851
+ university a lot no it's more of a title there is
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:27,310 --> 00:15:31,250
855
+ no verb there is no subject verb relationship or
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:31,250 --> 00:15:34,050
859
+ subject verb agreement how can we make it we could
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:34,050 --> 00:15:39,830
863
+ sayู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุชุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:39,830 --> 00:15:45,490
867
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:45,490 --> 00:15:49,170
871
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:49,170 --> 00:15:51,370
875
+ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:58,550 --> 00:16:02,930
879
+ ูˆ ุงูˆุฏ ุงู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู ู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูƒูŠู
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:02,930 --> 00:16:09,370
883
+ ู†ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจุทุฑ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‚ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุงfirst thing
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:09,370 --> 00:16:14,310
887
+ we notice that it has the proper format alright we
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:18,150
891
+ wrote basically on every line I'm not going to let
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:20,850
895
+ you read it because it's a bit .. it's quite big
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:20,850 --> 00:16:24,270
899
+ but does you notice the university is different
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:24,270 --> 00:16:27,950
903
+ from high school in three important ways very
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:27,950 --> 00:16:30,930
907
+ clear topic sentence the controlling idea is right
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:30,930 --> 00:16:34,090
911
+ there the differences or three differences between
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:16:34,090 --> 00:16:38,740
915
+ high school and universityุฃูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:38,740 --> 00:16:42,840
919
+ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„The university is much bigger than
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:45,360
923
+ the high school in the student numbers and the
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:45,360 --> 00:16:48,880
927
+ size and location of buildings. This is the first
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:51,480
931
+ difference. But it's not enough just to write one
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:54,200
935
+ difference. We have to provide examples. We have
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:57,300
939
+ to discuss it because it is not enough to make the
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:57,300 --> 00:17:01,060
943
+ idea clear. So we say for example there are twenty
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:01,060 --> 00:17:03,680
947
+ or over twenty thousand students in the university
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:06,740
951
+ and many big buildings blah blah blah as you can
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:06,740 --> 00:17:12,050
955
+ see. So now the idea is now clear.ุซู… ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:12,050 --> 00:17:15,270
959
+ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:21,310
963
+ ุชุฎุชู„ู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญู‡ุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:21,310 --> 00:17:27,230
967
+ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุงุช ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงู„ ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:17:27,230 --> 00:17:30,630
971
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ูŠุฐู‡ุจูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุฑุณุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:30,630 --> 00:17:32,750
975
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:32,750 --> 00:17:33,310
979
+ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:33,310 --> 00:17:35,490
983
+ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:35,490 --> 00:17:38,900
987
+ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉfor their learning than they do at
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:38,900 --> 00:17:42,200
991
+ high school and then we have an example to clarify
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:46,520
995
+ the idea and finally in conclusion university life
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:46,520 --> 00:17:50,420
999
+ is very different so students must really do their
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:50,420 --> 00:17:53,200
1003
+ best to succeed so what we see in this example are
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:57,780
1007
+ very clear, nicely writtenุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:57,780 --> 00:17:59,900
1011
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:17:59,900 --> 00:18:01,060
1015
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:01,060 --> 00:18:02,340
1019
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:02,340 --> 00:18:04,040
1023
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:07,080
1027
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:18:07,080 --> 00:18:10,240
1031
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:24,300
1035
+ ู…ุตุท
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:28,520
1039
+ the problems in these things in these following
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:28,520 --> 00:18:31,280
1043
+ sentencesุŒ I'll give you some time just to go over
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:31,280 --> 00:18:35,320
1047
+ these sentences and identify the problems in them
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:23,610 --> 00:19:24,230
1051
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:45,380 --> 00:20:06,860
1055
+ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฏุงุฑ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุฑุฌ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:06,860 --> 00:20:11,620
1059
+ ุงูˆ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ุดูˆูŠุฉAll right
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:36,580 --> 00:20:38,500
1063
+ What do you notice about the first sentenceุŸ What
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:38,500 --> 00:20:42,260
1067
+ problem do you see in this first sentenceุŸ Yes
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:45,260
1071
+ please. And the first it's not going to .. to say
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:45,260 --> 00:20:47,600
1075
+ that I'm going to mention so and so. Okay, so
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:51,680
1079
+ avoid making announcement. There is no need for
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:51,680 --> 00:20:54,040
1083
+ announcement. There is also another problem. We
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:55,960
1087
+ talked about it. We just talked about it. Which
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:55,960 --> 00:21:00,360
1091
+ is? Okay, there we have a lot of difference or a
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:00,360 --> 00:21:04,300
1095
+ lot of differences. A lot of differences. So we're
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:04,300 --> 00:21:04,980
1099
+ looking at
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:08,710 --> 00:21:12,290
1103
+ Okay? All right. Let's see the second one. First
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:12,290 --> 00:21:15,470
1107
+ in a high school we wear formal uniform for the
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:15,470 --> 00:21:18,610
1111
+ school but in a university we wear what we want.
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:19,570 --> 00:21:24,330
1115
+ Yes please. Okay so before but there has to be a
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:24,330 --> 00:21:28,330
1119
+ comma. All right. In high school we wear formal
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:28,330 --> 00:21:34,720
1123
+ uniform comma butูู‡ู†ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ูƒูˆู…ุงุฑูˆุณ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ..
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:39,120
1127
+ ู†ุนู… ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุนู… ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู†ุนู… ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:39,120 --> 00:21:43,620
1131
+ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู†ุง ู†ูุณู†ุง ุญุณู†ุง ูุนู† ู†ูุณู†ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:43,620 --> 00:21:48,420
1135
+ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู†ูุณู†ุง ูุนู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:48,420 --> 00:21:50,640
1139
+ ู†ูุณู†ุง
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:52,070 --> 00:21:56,550
1143
+ ourselves is that correct all right on ourselves
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:56,550 --> 00:22:00,470
1147
+ without ourselves okay also second what do you
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:00,470 --> 00:22:03,370
1151
+ want to see here is that spelling correctly is
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:03,370 --> 00:22:10,190
1155
+ that spelled correctly okay so it's a number seven
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:10,190 --> 00:22:17,090
1159
+ spelling avoid making spelling mistakes okay and
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:17,090 --> 00:22:22,220
1163
+ the person who can dependู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุชุณู…ุน.
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:23,140 --> 00:22:27,060
1167
+ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู†ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู†ูƒ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:27,060 --> 00:22:31,640
1171
+ ู„ุง ุชูุนู„ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุชุณู…ุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญูŠู†ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู„ุง ุชูุนู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:34,040
1175
+ ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุชุณู…ุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:38,050 --> 00:22:41,730
1179
+ ุฃูุฑู† ููŠู„ู… ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุณุชู…ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุชูƒู„ู…
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:41,730 --> 00:22:46,730
1183
+ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ. ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุง. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:46,730 --> 00:22:50,830
1187
+ ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู†ุนู… ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ู„ูŠุณ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:50,830 --> 00:22:56,250
1191
+ ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงุชูุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:56,250 --> 00:23:01,230
1195
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ. ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:01,230 --> 00:23:03,050
1199
+ ู†ุฐู‡ุจ. ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุณุนู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„. ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:03,050 --> 00:23:09,220
1203
+ ู†ุณุนู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุบู„. ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑู‚ู… 5.Number five studying
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:09,220 --> 00:23:12,800
1207
+ in university
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:16,800
1211
+ is what it is because this is a subject and this
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:19,200
1215
+ is another subject. We cannot use two subjects
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:19,200 --> 00:23:23,600
1219
+ like this. So studying in university is more
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:29,520
1223
+ difficult and complicated experience.
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:30,700 --> 00:23:33,720
1227
+ is that correct? yes please ุงู„ number four you can
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:39,460
1231
+ say third or finally these are just examples from
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:39,460 --> 00:23:41,960
1235
+ different writings examples from different
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:45,400
1239
+ paragraphs okay so studying in university small
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:50,700
1243
+ letter small letter all right is more difficult
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:50,700 --> 00:23:54,540
1247
+ and complicated so avoid making mistakes in
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:54,540 --> 00:23:59,140
1251
+ grammar and in spelling I have some more examples
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:59,140 --> 00:24:02,720
1255
+ hereุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‚ูˆุงุช
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:32,120 --> 00:24:38,600
1259
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:44,220 --> 00:24:52,000
1263
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:55,240
1267
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:25:15,370 --> 00:25:19,830
1271
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:31,020 --> 00:25:32,220
1275
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠูŠู† ูŠุญุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:58,010 --> 00:25:59,410
1279
+ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:19,140
1283
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:26:22,470 --> 00:26:26,510
1287
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ุญุณู†ุง ูู‚ุท ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:26:26,510 --> 00:26:32,830
1291
+ ุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ. ุญุณู†ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:26:32,830 --> 00:26:37,030
1295
+ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑู‚ู… 6ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ..
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:26:37,030 --> 00:26:42,130
1299
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท .. ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:26:42,130 --> 00:26:47,890
1303
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ .. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ .. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุชูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:26:47,890 --> 00:26:54,240
1307
+ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:26:54,240 --> 00:27:01,080
1311
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจู‚ุตุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ู„ุง
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:09,360
1315
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ูŠุฌุจ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:12,960
1319
+ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:18,050
1323
+ unemployment causes destroying causes subject the
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:18,050 --> 00:27:22,770
1327
+ agreement unemployment causes destroying country
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:22,770 --> 00:27:26,290
1331
+ economic how can we say destroying country causes
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:26,290 --> 00:27:32,550
1335
+ the destruction of a country's economy okay all
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:32,550 --> 00:27:37,250
1339
+ right causes destroying we can say a country's
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:37,250 --> 00:27:40,470
1343
+ economy all right
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:51,390
1347
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุงุจูŠุชุงู„ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:51,390 --> 00:27:55,470
1351
+ ูƒุงุจูŠุชุงู„ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงูŠุถุง ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุชูุงู‚ ูˆ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:55,470 --> 00:28:01,770
1355
+ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู„ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฎุทูˆุท ู…ุฎุทูˆุทุฉ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:01,770 --> 00:28:02,150
1359
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:14,590 --> 00:28:20,230
1363
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:20,230 --> 00:28:22,110
1367
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:22,110 --> 00:28:22,350
1371
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:22,350 --> 00:28:22,350
1375
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:22,350 --> 00:28:22,490
1379
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:22,490 --> 00:28:23,870
1383
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:23,870 --> 00:28:27,070
1387
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:27,070 --> 00:28:35,590
1391
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุŸ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:35,590 --> 00:28:38,580
1395
+ ู…ุงู„ูŠSo we don't need unemployment because many
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:38,580 --> 00:28:41,740
1399
+ problems are in the society for a stop of
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:41,740 --> 00:28:47,640
1403
+ semicolon for example unemployment again leads
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:51,560
1407
+ people to do illegal activities. Now it's better
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:58,270
1411
+ written sentence. Let's see number eightfirst in
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:58,270 --> 00:29:00,890
1415
+ university you can choose the subject that I can
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:00,890 --> 00:29:04,510
1419
+ study it and feel comfortable with it in contrast
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:04,510 --> 00:29:07,050
1423
+ in high school we committed to study the subjects
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:07,050 --> 00:29:09,170
1427
+ that choose by the school
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:28,500 --> 00:29:32,380
1431
+ Okay, so you and I there's no agreement in
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:32,380 --> 00:29:36,200
1435
+ pronouns, you can study the subject that you
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:36,200 --> 00:29:39,160
1439
+ can't. There's no need for that. We'll talk about
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:39,160 --> 00:29:42,380
1443
+ it later on inshallah next week about pronoun
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:42,380 --> 00:29:45,120
1447
+ agreement. Okay? This is an important topic that
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:48,100
1451
+ we'll talk about that you can choose the subject
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:48,100 --> 00:29:51,120
1455
+ that you can study, there's no need and feel
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:51,120 --> 00:30:00,190
1459
+ comfortable with that.In high school
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:00,190 --> 00:30:06,570
1463
+ we are committed to study the subjects that
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:12,780 --> 00:30:17,560
1467
+ ุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุงุฎุชุงุฑุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:17,960
1471
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:17,960 --> 00:30:23,300
1475
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:23,300 --> 00:30:26,160
1479
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:28,360
1483
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:28,360 --> 00:30:28,960
1487
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:28,960
1491
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:28,960 --> 00:30:39,760
1495
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:39,760 --> 00:30:48,540
1499
+ ู†unemployment effects negative affects a verb in
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:48,540 --> 00:30:52,140
1503
+ the spelling should be correct affects negatively
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:30:52,140 --> 00:31:00,420
1507
+ on the society and causes a lot of problems in
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:00,420 --> 00:31:06,820
1511
+ society and also society ie so here we are talking
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:06,820 --> 00:31:08,800
1515
+ about spelling mistake
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:11,220 --> 00:31:17,520
1519
+ and finally in conclude university rules is more
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:22,240
1523
+ flexible than school rules
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:30,320
1527
+ and in this place in conclude ุฌู†ุฉ university rules
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:30,320 --> 00:31:31,580
1531
+ are
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:34,570 --> 00:31:43,070
1535
+ ู†ู…ุจุฑ ุงู‚ุฑู† are more flexible than school rules. So
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:43,070 --> 00:31:46,890
1539
+ what we see here in these examples are some
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:46,890 --> 00:31:51,150
1543
+ problems that we can identify and we should be
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:51,150 --> 00:31:56,590
1547
+ aware of them next time we write them.ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:56,590 --> 00:32:01,510
1551
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:01,510 --> 00:32:05,450
1555
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:05,450 --> 00:32:06,370
1559
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:06,370 --> 00:32:08,510
1563
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:08,510 --> 00:32:12,150
1567
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:12,150 --> 00:32:18,150
1571
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:18,150 --> 00:32:22,370
1575
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:22,370 --> 00:32:23,190
1579
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:28,720 --> 00:32:31,320
1583
+ apply the common rules that we studied correctly
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:32:31,320 --> 00:32:35,700
1587
+ and finally don't make obvious spelling mistakes
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:32:35,700 --> 00:32:38,840
1591
+ okay are these things are clear to you so
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:38,840 --> 00:32:41,040
1595
+ inshallah next time whenever you write make sure
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:44,500
1599
+ that you avoid these making these kinds of
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:32:44,500 --> 00:32:46,780
1603
+ mistakes and remember this is checklist we're
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:32:46,780 --> 00:32:50,660
1607
+ going to add to this checklist in the times and
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:32:50,660 --> 00:32:54,560
1611
+ weeks ahead inshallah all right all right thank
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:56,760
1615
+ you very much and inshallah i'll see you next time
1616
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/7juzM2S2E3w_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,060 --> 00:00:23,180
3
+ All right ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… Good morning how are you
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,180 --> 00:00:23,980
7
+ today? Fine
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:51,430 --> 00:00:55,010
11
+ ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุชุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ู„ููƒุฑุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:55,010 --> 00:01:01,850
15
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูุนุฉ ู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:01:01,850 --> 00:01:08,650
19
+ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุงุช ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ู…ุน ูˆ ุชุดุฑุญ ููƒุฑุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:01:08,650 --> 00:01:15,820
23
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูุนุฉ ู‡ูŠุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฅุนุทุงุก ุฃูƒุชุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:19,540
27
+ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฏุนู…ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุดู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:19,540 --> 00:01:22,740
31
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ. ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:22,740 --> 00:01:29,540
35
+ ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุงุŸ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููˆุฑู…ุงุชfacts examples
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:33,200
39
+ we can give definitions we can give descriptions
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:36,140
43
+ and explanations so the purpose of the supporting
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:36,140 --> 00:01:39,860
47
+ sentences is to discuss is to elaborate on the
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:39,860 --> 00:01:43,820
51
+ topic sentences on the topic sentence all right
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:43,820 --> 00:01:46,720
55
+ let's just see this example that you are familiar
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:46,720 --> 00:01:49,600
59
+ with for example this is a topic sentence Canada
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:49,600 --> 00:01:52,920
63
+ Canada is a popular destination for many people
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:52,920 --> 00:01:56,790
67
+ all over the world so this topic sentenceูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฏูุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:56,790 --> 00:02:01,030
71
+ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงูุนุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:01,030 --> 00:02:05,250
75
+ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูƒู†ุฏุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ุธุงู… ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒู†ุฏูŠูŠู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,250 --> 00:02:08,070
79
+ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:08,070 --> 00:02:08,370
83
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:08,370 --> 00:02:09,470
87
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,470 --> 00:02:11,810
91
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:11,810 --> 00:02:13,210
95
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:13,210 --> 00:02:16,430
99
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:17,990 --> 00:02:21,170
103
+ So Canadian cities have many parts and lots of
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:21,170 --> 00:02:24,730
107
+ places or space for people to live. So the
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:24,730 --> 00:02:27,470
111
+ function of these supporting sentences is to lend
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:27,470 --> 00:02:31,730
115
+ support to discuss the main idea. Here is another
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:31,730 --> 00:02:36,400
119
+ exampleAn interview is an opportunity for
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:39,920
123
+ employers to get to know you better. So it is
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:39,920 --> 00:02:42,040
127
+ important that you answer each question as
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:45,940
131
+ completely as possible. So what sort of support
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:45,940 --> 00:02:49,400
135
+ can I give to this kind of topic sentence? As you
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:52,060
139
+ can see, first people should ask their
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:52,060 --> 00:02:56,460
143
+ interviewers to repeat the questions if you don't
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:56,460 --> 00:02:59,140
147
+ understand them. Second, take some time to think
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:59,140 --> 00:03:02,610
151
+ aboutthe questions before your answer and third a
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:02,610 --> 00:03:05,310
155
+ notebook to note to write down keywords in
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:05,310 --> 00:03:07,710
159
+ interview questions is sometimes helpful so again
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:07,710 --> 00:03:11,250
163
+ the purpose of supporting sentences is to discuss
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:11,250 --> 00:03:15,430
167
+ further to lend support to the main idea stated in
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:15,430 --> 00:03:20,650
171
+ the topicis this clearุŸ great so now let's just
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:24,490
175
+ look at this example try this exercise try to find
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:24,490 --> 00:03:28,830
179
+ out what is the topic sentence in these sets of
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:32,790
183
+ sentences and what are the supporting sentences is
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:32,790 --> 00:03:35,370
187
+ this clear? decide what is the topic sentence here
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:35,370 --> 00:03:38,610
191
+ and which are the supporting sentences for this
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:38,610 --> 00:03:40,510
195
+ topic sentence
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:10,420 --> 00:04:13,980
199
+ All right what is the topic sentence here?
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:21,960
203
+ one of my hobbies is listening to international
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:27,290
207
+ music what are the supporting sentences for it?I
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:27,290 --> 00:04:30,530
211
+ have a large collection of web music recordings
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:30,530 --> 00:04:34,550
215
+ that are my friends and I exchange CDs about
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:34,550 --> 00:04:40,170
219
+ famous international artists and I like watching
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:40,170 --> 00:04:44,770
223
+ concerts by musicians from different countries so
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:44,770 --> 00:04:47,030
227
+ what we see here is we have a main idea, we have a
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:47,030 --> 00:04:49,190
231
+ topic sentence and we have three supporting
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:49,190 --> 00:04:53,690
235
+ sentences for it let's see another example with
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:53,690 --> 00:04:57,910
239
+ the same idea try to find out which isุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:57,910 --> 00:05:00,630
243
+ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:28,290 --> 00:05:33,250
247
+ alright yes please the first sentence is the topic
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:38,630
251
+ sentence mosquitoes are interesting insects this
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:38,630 --> 00:05:41,750
255
+ is the topic sentence why? because of these three
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:41,750 --> 00:05:44,590
259
+ reasons the first supporting sentence is
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:44,590 --> 00:05:47,590
263
+ mosquitoes will drive for several kilometers to
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:47,590 --> 00:05:51,790
267
+ find food second one second support is only the
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:51,790 --> 00:05:58,560
271
+ female mosquitoes bitesูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณูƒูŠู† ูŠุญุจูˆู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:02,100
275
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:02,100 --> 00:06:09,340
279
+ ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุซุงู„ุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุฐุง
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:09,340 --> 00:06:12,680
283
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉุŸ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:25,730 --> 00:06:29,010
287
+ All rightุŸ Yes please. The second sentence is
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:29,010 --> 00:06:33,010
291
+ actually the topic sentence. My new apartment is
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:33,010 --> 00:06:39,040
295
+ perfect for my roommate and me. Why? Becausefirst
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:39,040 --> 00:06:42,020
299
+ support is my new apartment has a big closet, the
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:42,020 --> 00:06:45,300
303
+ second one is my new apartment is close to
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:49,820
307
+ university and shops and thirdly my new apartment
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:49,820 --> 00:06:55,000
311
+ is not too expensive to afford students okay is
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:57,200
315
+ this clear? so always whenever you write a
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,200 --> 00:07:00,260
319
+ paragraph think of what support can I provide to
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:00,260 --> 00:07:04,720
323
+ write in this paragraph and for this topic or main
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:08,570
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+ ideaRemember one thing also about topics
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+
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+ 83
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+ 00:07:08,570 --> 00:07:12,150
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+ supporting sentences is that all sentences that
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+
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+ 84
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+ 00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:15,290
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+ you provide, all examples that you provide, all
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+
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+ 85
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+ 00:07:15,290 --> 00:07:18,030
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+ facts or details that you provide in your support
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+
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+ 86
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+ 00:07:18,030 --> 00:07:22,550
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+ must be related to the topic sentence, must be
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+
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+ 87
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+ 00:07:22,550 --> 00:07:26,760
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+ related to the main idea in your topicso exclude
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+
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+ 88
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+ 00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:29,580
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+ any irrelevant details or things that you think
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+
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+ 89
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+ 00:07:29,580 --> 00:07:32,600
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+ that are not really much related to your topic to
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+
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+ 90
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+ 00:07:32,600 --> 00:07:35,920
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+ your topic sentences let's see this example read
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+
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+ 91
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+ 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:39,200
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+ very quickly this paragraph and decide what
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+
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+ 92
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+ 00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:44,820
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+ irrelevant sentence is to the main idea of this
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+
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+ 93
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+ 00:07:44,820 --> 00:07:47,400
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+ paragraph there are two sentences that are not
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+
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+ 94
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+ 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:53,340
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+ related to the main idea or to the topic sentence
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+
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+ 95
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+ 00:07:53,340 --> 00:07:54,840
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+ in this paragraph yes please
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+
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+ 96
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+ 00:07:58,370 --> 00:08:01,970
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+ Where is the tornado? It's like ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ุจูŠุณุชูˆุฑ
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+
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+ 97
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+ 00:08:37,070 --> 00:08:40,390
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+ So what are the relevant supporting sentence or
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+
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+ 98
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+ 00:08:40,390 --> 00:08:46,090
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+ sentences in this paragraph? What are they? Yes
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+
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+ 99
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+ 00:08:46,090 --> 00:08:48,910
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+ please.Tornadoes don't last very long. Is that
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+
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+ 100
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+ 00:08:48,910 --> 00:08:54,850
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+ correct? Yes. Tornadoes don't last very long. And
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+
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+ 101
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+ 00:08:54,850 --> 00:08:59,050
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+ the second one is they are shortly though
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+
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+ 102
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+ 00:08:59,050 --> 00:09:03,190
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+ powerful. They are shortly though powerful. Why is
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+
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+ 103
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+ 00:09:03,190 --> 00:09:03,530
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+ that?
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+
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+ 104
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+ 00:09:07,180 --> 00:09:17,560
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+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง
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+
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+ 105
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+ 00:09:17,560 --> 00:09:27,180
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+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง
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+
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+ 106
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+ 00:09:27,180 --> 00:09:30,640
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+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
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+
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+ 107
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+ 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:34,260
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+ facts about turning, it's like they are short
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+
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+ 108
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+ 00:09:34,260 --> 00:09:38,400
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+ lived and they are powerful though short lived and
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+
433
+ 109
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+ 00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:41,460
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+ they don't last very long so it is always
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+
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+ 110
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+ 00:09:41,460 --> 00:09:45,420
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+ important that you write sentences that are very
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+
441
+ 111
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+ 00:09:45,420 --> 00:09:48,560
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+ much related to your topic sentence is this clear?
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+
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+ 112
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+ 00:09:48,980 --> 00:09:51,080
447
+ it's not really a difficult concept to understand
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+
449
+ 113
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+ 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:57,200
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+ but it's always good to keep this in mindุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
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+
453
+ 114
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+ 00:09:57,200 --> 00:09:59,740
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+ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู€ Supporting Sentence ู‡ูˆ
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+
457
+ 115
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+ 00:09:59,740 --> 00:10:03,720
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+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุงููŠุงู‹ ูู‚ุท ู„ูƒูŠ ุชูƒุชุจ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏ
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+
461
+ 116
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+ 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:06,940
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+ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฏู… ู…ุซุงู„
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+
465
+ 117
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+ 00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:11,080
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+ to illustrate your main idea because the reader
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+
469
+ 118
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+ 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:14,240
471
+ expect the ideas to be clear so it's always good
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+
473
+ 119
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+ 00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:17,760
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+ to clarify your points by providing more and more
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+
477
+ 120
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+ 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:21,000
479
+ examples let's do this first exercise and write
480
+
481
+ 121
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+ 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:27,440
483
+ supporting details to this topic sentence it says
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+
485
+ 122
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+ 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:30,740
487
+ foreign language learners can generally improve
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+
489
+ 123
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+ 00:10:30,740 --> 00:10:33,740
491
+ their language skills by doing these three
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+
493
+ 124
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+ 00:10:33,740 --> 00:10:36,440
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+ essential steps what I'd like you to do is to
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+
497
+ 125
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+ 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:39,820
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+ writethese three steps and for each one of these
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:39,820 --> 00:10:43,700
503
+ steps write one example to clarify further your
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+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:43,700 --> 00:10:48,100
507
+ idea alrightุŸ very quickly you can work together
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+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:48,100 --> 00:10:51,680
511
+ actually you can help each other work in pairs and
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:51,680 --> 00:10:56,640
515
+ try think and write them three reasons and an
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+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:56,640 --> 00:11:00,580
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+ example for each for this topic sentence
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:35,280
523
+ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
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+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:46,140 --> 00:12:49,540
527
+ So we are writing about steps that you can do to
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+
529
+ 133
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+ 00:12:49,540 --> 00:12:52,940
531
+ improve your language learning, your language
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:52,940 --> 00:12:54,180
535
+ learning skills of course
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:07,540
539
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:07,540 --> 00:13:08,160
543
+ ู†ูุณู‡ู…
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+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:51,970
547
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:19,610 --> 00:14:26,110
551
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:26,110 --> 00:14:30,090
555
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:01,110 --> 00:15:04,570
559
+ All right let's say all right what's all the
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:04,570 --> 00:15:09,470
563
+ reasons or steps that you can provide for this
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:09,470 --> 00:15:14,210
567
+ topic sentence just get some ideas from you yes
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+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:14,210 --> 00:15:14,490
571
+ please
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+
573
+ 144
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+ 00:15:18,350 --> 00:15:23,830
575
+ and also read novels and stories okay yes please
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:23,830 --> 00:15:29,450
579
+ and write paragraphs or essays fairness fairness
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:29,450 --> 00:15:31,590
583
+ but we need more examples we need to provide
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:31,590 --> 00:15:34,770
587
+ examples for each one of these very good steps
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:34,770 --> 00:15:36,970
591
+ very good very good yes please let's start with
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+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:36,970 --> 00:15:40,250
595
+ the first one it's important to practice when
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:40,250 --> 00:15:42,630
599
+ you're speaking for example to know how to let's
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:42,630 --> 00:15:48,440
603
+ just write this down this idea so they canpractice
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:48,440 --> 00:15:56,240
607
+ speaking in the foreign language in the foreign
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:59,820
611
+ language is that right? yes what sort of examples
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:59,820 --> 00:16:04,180
615
+ did you provide to clarify this idea so they can
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:04,180 --> 00:16:08,840
619
+ practice speaking with making short small talk and
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:08,840 --> 00:16:12,080
623
+ build communication very nice so they can actually
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:16,060
627
+ they can speak
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:21,850 --> 00:16:26,870
631
+ for example okay we're native speakers of that
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:26,870 --> 00:16:33,970
635
+ foreign language native speakers is that rightุŸ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:33,970 --> 00:16:38,010
639
+ and hold conversations with a lot of people okay
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:41,450
643
+ so this is a good example of what do we mean by
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:41,450 --> 00:16:44,510
647
+ practicing speaking in order to improve their
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:44,510 --> 00:16:48,840
651
+ foreign languageA second step to improve their
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:48,840 --> 00:16:51,340
655
+ language. Yes please. Foreign language learners
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:51,340 --> 00:16:54,200
659
+ can improve their language by listening to a
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:56,620
663
+ native speaker. Okay very nice. So pretty much
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:16:56,620 --> 00:17:03,160
667
+ they can listen extensively
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:06,520
671
+ in
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:06,520 --> 00:17:13,200
675
+ the foreign language. For example?listen at the
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:20,740
679
+ radio? yes they listen .. they listen to radio and
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:20,740 --> 00:17:30,940
683
+ songs .. songs .. watch films .. watch films and
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:30,940 --> 00:17:31,660
687
+ ..
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:17:34,570 --> 00:17:38,030
691
+ Very good. What else? A third step to improve
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:17:38,030 --> 00:17:40,790
695
+ foreign language learning. Yes please. They can
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:43,750
699
+ write new word and try to use it in a sentence.
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:44,110 --> 00:17:48,050
703
+ Okay. So they can also practice writing all the
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:48,050 --> 00:17:51,430
707
+ time. Okay. Let's just write this one. They can
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:17:51,430 --> 00:17:56,430
711
+ practice writing.
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:59,340 --> 00:18:02,360
715
+ extensively again all right an example of this
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:02,360 --> 00:18:04,200
719
+ practice writing and reading for example an
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:08,440
723
+ example of this would be to write to write essays
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:15,240
727
+ to write let's try them here they can they
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:18:15,240 --> 00:18:20,820
731
+ can write emails
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:18:20,820 --> 00:18:28,140
735
+ letters essays stories
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:33,900 --> 00:18:38,900
739
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุชforeign language learners can
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:38,900 --> 00:18:41,180
743
+ actually do so what we did here is that we
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:41,180 --> 00:18:44,200
747
+ provided supporting sentences all right it's not
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:46,840
751
+ only just to provide reasons or steps we also
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:50,500
755
+ provided more support by giving more examples to
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:50,500 --> 00:18:54,560
759
+ clarify the ideas that we present on paper in our
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:57,460
763
+ paragraph is this clear? let's have another
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:57,460 --> 00:19:00,920
767
+ practice another activity with a different idea
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:08,150
771
+ and what I'd like you to do is toู‡ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู†ูƒุชุจ ุฃูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:08,150 --> 00:19:13,110
775
+ ู†ู‚ุฏู… ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:19:13,110 --> 00:19:20,830
779
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:19:20,830 --> 00:19:25,970
783
+ ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:25,970 --> 00:19:29,010
787
+ ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:29,010 --> 00:19:32,130
791
+ ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:32,130 --> 00:19:32,170
795
+ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:32,170 --> 00:19:34,090
799
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:34,090 --> 00:19:37,040
803
+ ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุชุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:37,040 --> 00:19:43,560
807
+ ุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ุตุฏู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:53,330 --> 00:20:54,790
811
+ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:22:26,930 --> 00:22:29,930
815
+ Have you thought of ideas? We can think about
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:22:29,930 --> 00:22:34,510
819
+ transport. We can think about education or
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:22:34,510 --> 00:22:38,030
823
+ communication and so on. Let me just get some
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:38,030 --> 00:22:41,830
827
+ ideas from you. Our lifestyles are different from
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:41,830 --> 00:22:44,790
831
+ our grandparents' lifestyles. The first difference
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:44,790 --> 00:22:48,990
835
+ for example is about this place. They used to
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:48,990 --> 00:22:51,290
839
+ communicate with each other without using
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:51,290 --> 00:22:56,370
843
+ technology.yes and now .. very good idea let's
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:56,370 --> 00:23:02,290
847
+ just write it down so we use .. or we can say our
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:23:02,290 --> 00:23:11,070
851
+ communication our communication our
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:23:11,070 --> 00:23:19,310
855
+ communication nowadays is much faster than and
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:19,310 --> 00:23:20,830
859
+ efficient
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:27,370
863
+ our communication, different ways of communication
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:27,370 --> 00:23:31,610
867
+ is much faster and much more effective and
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:31,610 --> 00:23:37,190
871
+ efficient for example we use social media, we use
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:37,190 --> 00:23:39,450
875
+ the internet, we use wired phones, we use
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:39,450 --> 00:23:44,870
879
+ technology based devices and equipment and so on
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:44,870 --> 00:23:48,070
883
+ so we can say we use the internet
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:01,840
887
+ and satellite technology alright satellite to
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:07,180
891
+ communicate and satellite .. satellite based
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:24:07,180 --> 00:24:07,880
895
+ technology
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,740
899
+ So we can speak to any person anytime anywhere
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:18,740 --> 00:24:23,320
903
+ within a very short time or at the same time
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:27,140
907
+ without any problem whereas in the past people had
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:27,140 --> 00:24:32,580
911
+ probably had to travel for months in order to
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:32,580 --> 00:24:36,160
915
+ communicate a message to another person. So this
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:38,700
919
+ is one first difference. A second difference would
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:38,700 --> 00:24:42,040
923
+ be something likeThere was lack of education but
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:42,040 --> 00:24:45,720
927
+ now education is important. There was no schools
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:48,200
931
+ but now they are everywhere. Very nice. So
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:52,200
935
+ education is much more diverse, much more varied
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:57,890
939
+ than it was it used to be.another idea very nice
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:24:57,890 --> 00:25:03,450
943
+ very good idea yes please electricity
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:03,450 --> 00:25:11,850
947
+ yes correct very nice and for example now we use
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:11,850 --> 00:25:18,090
951
+ different electric equipment to do the household
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:18,090 --> 00:25:20,770
955
+ work for example washing machines, drying machines
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:20,770 --> 00:25:23,570
959
+ and so onand so on let's talk about transport it's
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:23,570 --> 00:25:31,170
963
+ an easy idea all right yes please very
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:35,530
967
+ nice people now very nice very nice idea people
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:35,530 --> 00:25:45,930
971
+ now use much convenient and
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:47,930
975
+ faster
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:25:50,690 --> 00:26:01,450
979
+ or easy means of transport okay for example we use
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:01,450 --> 00:26:11,330
983
+ planes right cars so we use cars, buses, planes,
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:13,250 --> 00:26:13,950
987
+ trains
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:16,330 --> 00:26:22,570
991
+ and probably but of course subways okay and so on
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:22,570 --> 00:26:25,590
995
+ is that right? yes let's think about the third
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:29,850
999
+ example all right of sorry the third difference in
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:26:29,850 --> 00:26:30,630
1003
+ our lifestyle
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:26:33,560 --> 00:26:39,020
1007
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:26:39,020 --> 00:26:47,580
1011
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:26:47,580 --> 00:26:49,780
1015
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:26:49,780 --> 00:26:49,800
1019
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:49,820
1023
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:26:49,820 --> 00:26:51,580
1027
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:26:51,580 --> 00:26:55,970
1031
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠู†ุญู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:26:55,970 --> 00:27:00,590
1035
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุชุณู…ุญ ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:27:00,590 --> 00:27:02,430
1039
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:27:02,430 --> 00:27:02,650
1043
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:27:02,650 --> 00:27:05,010
1047
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:27:05,010 --> 00:27:05,630
1051
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:27:05,630 --> 00:27:06,130
1055
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:27:06,130 --> 00:27:09,730
1059
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:27:09,730 --> 00:27:21,430
1063
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:27:21,430 --> 00:27:31,860
1067
+ ู†yes for example we use the internet and
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:27:31,860 --> 00:27:43,100
1071
+ online materials in doing or
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:27:43,100 --> 00:27:48,620
1075
+ in conducting research
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:27:51,620 --> 00:27:56,860
1079
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูู‚ุท ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:27:56,860 --> 00:28:00,180
1083
+ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ุงุชููŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:28:00,180 --> 00:28:06,440
1087
+ ุงู„ุณatellite ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ู„ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:28:06,440 --> 00:28:12,580
1091
+ ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูˆ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:28:12,580 --> 00:28:17,480
1095
+ ููƒู„ ู…ุง ูุนู„ู†ุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ูˆwe have to provide
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:28:17,480 --> 00:28:19,860
1099
+ more examples we have to provide supporting
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:28:19,860 --> 00:28:23,260
1103
+ sentences to make sure that the reader understands
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:28:23,260 --> 00:28:27,320
1107
+ what we actually write about so always think about
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:28:27,320 --> 00:28:31,000
1111
+ providing examples alright illustrations to your
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:34,800
1115
+ idea is that clear? yes very nice alright now
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:39,720
1119
+ let's do our final activity today and let's do or
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:43,940
1123
+ complete this paragraph very easy paragraphthat
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:28:43,940 --> 00:28:47,560
1127
+ you can .. everyone can actually write about let's
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:52,760
1131
+ see all right we're going to complete this
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:52,760 --> 00:28:56,480
1135
+ paragraph although many people like to live in the
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:56,480 --> 00:29:00,800
1139
+ countryside I prefer to live in big cities for
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:04,260
1143
+ three reasons first social life in big cities is
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:29:04,260 --> 00:29:07,120
1147
+ active for example I can communicate with
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:11,400
1151
+ different people and from differentุงู„ุขู† ุณุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒู…
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:15,520
1155
+ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃุนูŠุด ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:19,690
1159
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉliving in the countryside the third is here
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:19,690 --> 00:29:21,690
1163
+ living in the big cities is very helpful and
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:29:21,690 --> 00:29:25,810
1167
+ useful in finding jobs in fact there are lots of
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:29:25,810 --> 00:29:28,170
1171
+ job opportunities in the city and many companies
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:28,170 --> 00:29:31,890
1175
+ require employees and here is the concluding
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:31,890 --> 00:29:35,410
1179
+ sentence so I'd like you now to actually on your
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:35,410 --> 00:29:39,110
1183
+ own complete this paragraph by providing the
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:46,950
1187
+ secondูˆ ุงุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุดุฑุญ ูˆ ุชุดุฑุญ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:46,950 --> 00:29:57,710
1191
+ ููƒุฑุฉูƒ ุณุฃุทู„ุจ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:57,710 --> 00:30:00,210
1195
+ ู…ู† ุจุนุถูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุฃุชูŠูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุชูƒุชุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:30:00,210 --> 00:30:03,930
1199
+ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ุงุช ูˆุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ู…
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:21,560
1203
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:31:05,690 --> 00:31:09,410
1207
+ while you are writing make sure that you have
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:31:09,410 --> 00:31:13,990
1211
+ checked on your sentence structuresubject verb
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:31:13,990 --> 00:31:16,750
1215
+ agreement for example your capitalization you had
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:31:16,750 --> 00:31:19,790
1219
+ used capital letters correctly that you ended your
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:31:19,790 --> 00:31:24,510
1223
+ started your sentence with a capital letter and
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:31:24,510 --> 00:31:27,130
1227
+ ended with a full stop with a full stop make sure
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:31:27,130 --> 00:31:29,930
1231
+ that you have number agreement all right and other
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:31:29,930 --> 00:31:32,250
1235
+ things that we talked about last time
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:31:53,590 --> 00:31:57,290
1239
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:46,450
1243
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชูƒุชุจุŒ ุณุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠู†ุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:32:46,450 --> 00:32:49,750
1247
+ .. ูŠูƒุชุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠู†ุง ู…ุงุฐุง ุญู‚ุง ูƒุชุจูˆุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:32:49,750 --> 00:32:57,750
1251
+ ู„ุฅูƒู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:32:57,750 --> 00:32:59,030
1255
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:33:05,270 --> 00:33:09,550
1259
+ yes please all right yes you can write here and a
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:33:09,550 --> 00:33:13,810
1263
+ third example yes over there okay that should be
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:33:13,810 --> 00:33:16,050
1267
+ all right I wish we have two boards not one
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:33:31,230 --> 00:33:34,090
1271
+ in the meantime check on your writing I'd like to
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:34,090 --> 00:33:37,310
1275
+ see at least two sentences if not three sentences
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:37,310 --> 00:33:39,910
1279
+ to clarify your ideas think about the first
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:39,910 --> 00:33:42,450
1283
+ sentence as a reason and the second and third
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:42,450 --> 00:33:46,750
1287
+ sentences as examples to clarify the points that
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:46,750 --> 00:33:48,130
1291
+ you are making
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:34:08,810 --> 00:34:13,250
1295
+ thank you all
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:13,250 --> 00:34:18,250
1299
+ right
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:18,250 --> 00:34:22,610
1303
+ let's see are you done? okay very nice let's see
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:34:22,610 --> 00:34:25,570
1307
+ the examples that on the writing your classmates
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:25,570 --> 00:34:30,470
1311
+ wrote here second services is that services? yes
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:30,470 --> 00:34:35,590
1315
+ services in last few days are matchamuch more
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:35,590 --> 00:34:39,490
1319
+ easier to attain while in the countryside you have
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:34:39,490 --> 00:34:42,990
1323
+ to drive for an hour to reach the drugstore for
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:42,990 --> 00:34:45,110
1327
+ example. Do you have any comments?
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:56,100
1331
+ Is the idea clear? Does it get through? Yes I
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:34:56,100 --> 00:35:00,660
1335
+ think so yes I think I think so services alright
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:00,660 --> 00:35:04,620
1339
+ and largely are much more easier to attain while
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:04,620 --> 00:35:07,520
1343
+ in the countryside you have to drive for an hour
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:13,560
1347
+ to reach the drugstore or to reach your to get
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:13,560 --> 00:35:20,600
1351
+ your service to get your service because we're
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:20,600 --> 00:35:24,020
1355
+ talking aboutServices in general okay whereas
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:35:24,020 --> 00:35:26,880
1359
+ drugstore is just for one or two things that we
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:29,280
1363
+ need to ask. Very nice, very nice. Let's see the
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:32,500
1367
+ second example, a second idea. Education in big
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:36,460
1371
+ cities is very well and we can study in high level
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:35:36,460 --> 00:35:39,220
1375
+ university. Do you have any ideas? Do you have any
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:35:39,220 --> 00:35:44,220
1379
+ comments?yeah it's clear but actually we need some
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:35:44,220 --> 00:35:49,280
1383
+ more one more sentence as an example of what we
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:52,600
1387
+ mean by this idea we have to add at least one more
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:54,740
1391
+ sentence just to make sure that the idea is
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:35:54,740 --> 00:35:58,780
1395
+ clearer more okay give me more specific example
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:35:58,780 --> 00:36:03,680
1399
+ forู„ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุชูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:36:03,680 --> 00:36:06,180
1403
+ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูƒุงู…ุฉ. ุซุงู„ุซู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ููŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:36:06,180 --> 00:36:09,720
1407
+ ุจูŠูƒุณู„ูŠุฒ ูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:36:09,720 --> 00:36:16,780
1411
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ. ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฎูŠุฑ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:36:16,780 --> 00:36:22,080
1415
+ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:23,560
1419
+ ูู‚ุท ู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:30,720
1423
+ just please I mean just give us an idea about what
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:36:30,720 --> 00:36:33,820
1427
+ you wrote actually living in a big cities means
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:36:33,820 --> 00:36:37,580
1431
+ that you can easily reach to the center town
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:36:37,580 --> 00:36:40,940
1435
+ universities and supermarket easily because you
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:45,360
1439
+ are in a near area because you are in the area you
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:48,300
1443
+ are in a nearby area very nice what did you write?
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:36:49,090 --> 00:36:51,430
1447
+ living in big cities is very useful to find
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:36:51,430 --> 00:36:53,690
1451
+ anywhere, contrast to small cities I can find
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:36:53,690 --> 00:36:59,110
1455
+ hospital, university, school and clinic living
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:36:59,110 --> 00:37:01,750
1459
+ in big cities I have comfortable room which makes
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:37:01,750 --> 00:37:05,630
1463
+ transport very easy
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:37:19,290 --> 00:37:22,650
1467
+ ู„ูˆ ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:37:22,650 --> 00:37:23,830
1471
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:37:23,830 --> 00:37:26,350
1475
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:37:26,350 --> 00:37:29,950
1479
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:37:29,950 --> 00:37:33,470
1483
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:37:33,470 --> 00:37:42,130
1487
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:37:46,770 --> 00:37:51,770
1491
+ Freedom to make a question in our religion, in our
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:37:51,770 --> 00:37:55,510
1495
+ mosque, in our schools, in our .. any .. Very
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:37:55,510 --> 00:37:58,210
1499
+ nice, very nice, alright, okay let's .. yes
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:37:58,210 --> 00:37:59,210
1503
+ please, just finally
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:38:07,480 --> 00:38:10,820
1507
+ very nice they can get a lot of services very good
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:38:10,820 --> 00:38:15,460
1511
+ so they can go to schools universities and so on
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:38:15,460 --> 00:38:17,900
1515
+ let's just give you an idea of what I actually
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:38:17,900 --> 00:38:18,600
1519
+ wrote here
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:38:21,250 --> 00:38:25,870
1523
+ ุณุฃุดุฑุญ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:38:25,870 --> 00:38:33,190
1527
+ ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ .. ูƒุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุฃุญุจุจุชู‡ ูƒุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุฃุญุจุจุชู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:38:33,190 --> 00:38:36,270
1531
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:38:36,270 --> 00:38:41,130
1535
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:38:41,130 --> 00:38:45,250
1539
+ ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุฃุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู† ุฃุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:38:45,250 --> 00:38:51,670
1543
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุนุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„you can easily find
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:38:51,670 --> 00:38:55,150
1547
+ hospitals universities and schools within a
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:38:55,150 --> 00:38:59,330
1551
+ walking distance still the idea is not much clear
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:38:59,330 --> 00:39:02,090
1555
+ for me I need to write a third sentence to explain
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:39:02,090 --> 00:39:07,510
1559
+ it further in addition there are there are a lot
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:39:07,510 --> 00:39:11,090
1563
+ entertainment areas and cultural centers where you
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:39:11,090 --> 00:39:13,130
1567
+ can spend your free time
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:23,060
1571
+ and discussed further so what we see here is more
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:39:23,060 --> 00:39:25,520
1575
+ development of the ideas it's not just enough to
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:39:25,520 --> 00:39:28,800
1579
+ write one sentence just to explain your ideas
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:39:28,800 --> 00:39:32,980
1583
+ always think about writing more okay fluently in
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:35,380
1587
+ order to explain your ideas and notice the
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:39:35,380 --> 00:39:39,560
1591
+ transitions that we use in this paragraph first
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:47,370
1595
+ and then we have secondand then we have for
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:39:47,370 --> 00:39:56,350
1599
+ instance and repetition and third and ุทุจุนุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:40:00,370 --> 00:40:05,610
1603
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุซู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:40:05,610 --> 00:40:08,670
1607
+ ุนูŠูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุฉุŒ ูุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:40:08,670 --> 00:40:11,930
1611
+ ุซุงู„ุซุฉุŒ ู…ุญุทู…ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑุŒ ููŠ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:40:11,930 --> 00:40:16,810
1615
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุณูˆุฑูŠูŠู† ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ูƒุนูŠูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุตุฏุฑ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:40:16,810 --> 00:40:21,230
1619
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ู… ูŠุตู„ุญูˆุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃููƒุงุฑูƒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฐุง
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:40:21,230 --> 00:40:28,590
1623
+ ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุดุฑุญ ุฃููƒุงุฑูƒุŒnext
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:40:28,590 --> 00:40:31,350
1627
+ time ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ we look at the concluding
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:40:31,350 --> 00:40:35,050
1631
+ sentence which is the final part of your paragraph
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:40:35,050 --> 00:40:37,810
1635
+ thank you very much and see you next time
1636
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/7juzM2S2E3w_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1652 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,060 --> 00:00:23,180
3
+ All right ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… Good morning how are you
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,180 --> 00:00:23,980
7
+ today? Fine
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:51,430 --> 00:00:55,010
11
+ ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุงุชุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูุน ู„ููƒุฑุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:55,010 --> 00:01:01,850
15
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูุนุฉ ู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:01:01,850 --> 00:01:08,650
19
+ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุงุช ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ู…ุน ูˆ ุชุดุฑุญ ููƒุฑุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:01:08,650 --> 00:01:15,820
23
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏูุนุฉ ู‡ูŠุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฅุนุทุงุก ุฃูƒุชุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:19,540
27
+ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฏุนู…ู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุดู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:19,540 --> 00:01:22,740
31
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ. ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:22,740 --> 00:01:29,540
35
+ ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุงุŸ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููˆุฑู…ุงุชfacts examples
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:33,200
39
+ we can give definitions we can give descriptions
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:33,200 --> 00:01:36,140
43
+ and explanations so the purpose of the supporting
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:36,140 --> 00:01:39,860
47
+ sentences is to discuss is to elaborate on the
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:39,860 --> 00:01:43,820
51
+ topic sentences on the topic sentence all right
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:43,820 --> 00:01:46,720
55
+ let's just see this example that you are familiar
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:46,720 --> 00:01:49,600
59
+ with for example this is a topic sentence Canada
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:49,600 --> 00:01:52,920
63
+ Canada is a popular destination for many people
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:52,920 --> 00:01:56,790
67
+ all over the world so this topic sentenceูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฏูุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:56,790 --> 00:02:01,030
71
+ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงูุนุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:01,030 --> 00:02:05,250
75
+ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูƒู†ุฏุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ุธุงู… ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ูƒู†ุฏูŠูŠู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:05,250 --> 00:02:08,070
79
+ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:08,070 --> 00:02:08,370
83
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:08,370 --> 00:02:09,470
87
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:09,470 --> 00:02:11,810
91
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:11,810 --> 00:02:13,210
95
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:13,210 --> 00:02:16,430
99
+ ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ู…
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:17,990 --> 00:02:21,170
103
+ So Canadian cities have many parts and lots of
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:21,170 --> 00:02:24,730
107
+ places or space for people to live. So the
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:24,730 --> 00:02:27,470
111
+ function of these supporting sentences is to lend
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:27,470 --> 00:02:31,730
115
+ support to discuss the main idea. Here is another
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:31,730 --> 00:02:36,400
119
+ exampleAn interview is an opportunity for
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:36,400 --> 00:02:39,920
123
+ employers to get to know you better. So it is
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:39,920 --> 00:02:42,040
127
+ important that you answer each question as
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:45,940
131
+ completely as possible. So what sort of support
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:45,940 --> 00:02:49,400
135
+ can I give to this kind of topic sentence? As you
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:49,400 --> 00:02:52,060
139
+ can see, first people should ask their
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:52,060 --> 00:02:56,460
143
+ interviewers to repeat the questions if you don't
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:56,460 --> 00:02:59,140
147
+ understand them. Second, take some time to think
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:59,140 --> 00:03:02,610
151
+ aboutthe questions before your answer and third a
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:02,610 --> 00:03:05,310
155
+ notebook to note to write down keywords in
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:05,310 --> 00:03:07,710
159
+ interview questions is sometimes helpful so again
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:07,710 --> 00:03:11,250
163
+ the purpose of supporting sentences is to discuss
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:11,250 --> 00:03:15,430
167
+ further to lend support to the main idea stated in
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:15,430 --> 00:03:20,650
171
+ the topicis this clearุŸ great so now let's just
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:24,490
175
+ look at this example try this exercise try to find
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:24,490 --> 00:03:28,830
179
+ out what is the topic sentence in these sets of
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:32,790
183
+ sentences and what are the supporting sentences is
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:32,790 --> 00:03:35,370
187
+ this clear? decide what is the topic sentence here
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:35,370 --> 00:03:38,610
191
+ and which are the supporting sentences for this
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:38,610 --> 00:03:40,510
195
+ topic sentence
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:10,420 --> 00:04:13,980
199
+ All right what is the topic sentence here?
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:15,640 --> 00:04:21,960
203
+ one of my hobbies is listening to international
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:27,290
207
+ music what are the supporting sentences for it?I
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:27,290 --> 00:04:30,530
211
+ have a large collection of web music recordings
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:30,530 --> 00:04:34,550
215
+ that are my friends and I exchange CDs about
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+
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+ 55
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+ 00:04:34,550 --> 00:04:40,170
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+ famous international artists and I like watching
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:40,170 --> 00:04:44,770
223
+ concerts by musicians from different countries so
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+
225
+ 57
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+ 00:04:44,770 --> 00:04:47,030
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+ what we see here is we have a main idea, we have a
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+
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+ 58
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+ 00:04:47,030 --> 00:04:49,190
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+ topic sentence and we have three supporting
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+
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+ 59
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+ 00:04:49,190 --> 00:04:53,690
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+ sentences for it let's see another example with
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+
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+ 60
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+ 00:04:53,690 --> 00:04:57,910
239
+ the same idea try to find out which isุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
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+
241
+ 61
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+ 00:04:57,910 --> 00:05:00,630
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+ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง
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+
245
+ 62
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+ 00:05:28,290 --> 00:05:33,250
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+ alright yes please the first sentence is the topic
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+
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+ 63
250
+ 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:38,630
251
+ sentence mosquitoes are interesting insects this
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+
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+ 64
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+ 00:05:38,630 --> 00:05:41,750
255
+ is the topic sentence why? because of these three
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+
257
+ 65
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+ 00:05:41,750 --> 00:05:44,590
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+ reasons the first supporting sentence is
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+
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+ 66
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+ 00:05:44,590 --> 00:05:47,590
263
+ mosquitoes will drive for several kilometers to
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+
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+ 67
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+ 00:05:47,590 --> 00:05:51,790
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+ find food second one second support is only the
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+
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+ 68
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+ 00:05:51,790 --> 00:05:58,560
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+ female mosquitoes bitesูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณูƒูŠู† ูŠุญุจูˆู†
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+
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+ 69
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+ 00:05:58,560 --> 00:06:02,100
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+ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู…ู‡ุชู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง
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+
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+ 70
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+ 00:06:02,100 --> 00:06:09,340
279
+ ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุซุงู„ุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุฐุง
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+
281
+ 71
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+ 00:06:09,340 --> 00:06:12,680
283
+ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉุŸ
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+
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+ 72
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+ 00:06:25,730 --> 00:06:29,010
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+ All rightุŸ Yes please. The second sentence is
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+
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+ 73
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+ 00:06:29,010 --> 00:06:33,010
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+ actually the topic sentence. My new apartment is
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+
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+ 74
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+ 00:06:33,010 --> 00:06:39,040
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+ perfect for my roommate and me. Why? Becausefirst
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+
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+ 75
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+ 00:06:39,040 --> 00:06:42,020
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+ support is my new apartment has a big closet, the
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+
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+ 76
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+ 00:06:42,020 --> 00:06:45,300
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+ second one is my new apartment is close to
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+
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+ 77
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+ 00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:49,820
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+ university and shops and thirdly my new apartment
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+
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+ 78
310
+ 00:06:49,820 --> 00:06:55,000
311
+ is not too expensive to afford students okay is
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+
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+ 79
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+ 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:57,200
315
+ this clear? so always whenever you write a
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+
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+ 80
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+ 00:06:57,200 --> 00:07:00,260
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+ paragraph think of what support can I provide to
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+
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+ 81
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+ 00:07:00,260 --> 00:07:04,720
323
+ write in this paragraph and for this topic or main
324
+
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+ 82
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+ 00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:08,570
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+ ideaRemember one thing also about topics
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+
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+ 83
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+ 00:07:08,570 --> 00:07:12,150
331
+ supporting sentences is that all sentences that
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+
333
+ 84
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+ 00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:15,290
335
+ you provide, all examples that you provide, all
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+
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+ 85
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+ 00:07:15,290 --> 00:07:18,030
339
+ facts or details that you provide in your support
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:18,030 --> 00:07:22,550
343
+ must be related to the topic sentence, must be
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+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:22,550 --> 00:07:26,760
347
+ related to the main idea in your topicso exclude
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+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:29,580
351
+ any irrelevant details or things that you think
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:29,580 --> 00:07:32,600
355
+ that are not really much related to your topic to
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+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:32,600 --> 00:07:35,920
359
+ your topic sentences let's see this example read
360
+
361
+ 91
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+ 00:07:35,920 --> 00:07:39,200
363
+ very quickly this paragraph and decide what
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+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:44,820
367
+ irrelevant sentence is to the main idea of this
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:44,820 --> 00:07:47,400
371
+ paragraph there are two sentences that are not
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:53,340
375
+ related to the main idea or to the topic sentence
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:53,340 --> 00:07:54,840
379
+ in this paragraph yes please
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+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:58,370 --> 00:08:01,970
383
+ Where is the tornado? It's like ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ุจูŠุณุชูˆุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:37,070 --> 00:08:40,390
387
+ So what are the relevant supporting sentence or
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+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:40,390 --> 00:08:46,090
391
+ sentences in this paragraph? What are they? Yes
392
+
393
+ 99
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+ 00:08:46,090 --> 00:08:48,910
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+ please.Tornadoes don't last very long. Is that
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+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:48,910 --> 00:08:54,850
399
+ correct? Yes. Tornadoes don't last very long. And
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:54,850 --> 00:08:59,050
403
+ the second one is they are shortly though
404
+
405
+ 102
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+ 00:08:59,050 --> 00:09:03,190
407
+ powerful. They are shortly though powerful. Why is
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:03,190 --> 00:09:03,530
411
+ that?
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+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:07,180 --> 00:09:17,560
415
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง
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+
417
+ 105
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+ 00:09:17,560 --> 00:09:27,180
419
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:27,180 --> 00:09:30,640
423
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
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+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:34,260
427
+ facts about turning, it's like they are short
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:34,260 --> 00:09:38,400
431
+ lived and they are powerful though short lived and
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:41,460
435
+ they don't last very long so it is always
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:41,460 --> 00:09:45,420
439
+ important that you write sentences that are very
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:45,420 --> 00:09:48,560
443
+ much related to your topic sentence is this clear?
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:48,980 --> 00:09:51,080
447
+ it's not really a difficult concept to understand
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:57,200
451
+ but it's always good to keep this in mindุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
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+
453
+ 114
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+ 00:09:57,200 --> 00:09:59,740
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+ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู€ Supporting Sentence ู‡ูˆ
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+
457
+ 115
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+ 00:09:59,740 --> 00:10:03,720
459
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุงููŠุงู‹ ูู‚ุท ู„ูƒูŠ ุชูƒุชุจ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏ
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+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:06,940
463
+ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ุŒ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฏู… ู…ุซุงู„
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+
465
+ 117
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+ 00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:11,080
467
+ to illustrate your main idea because the reader
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:14,240
471
+ expect the ideas to be clear so it's always good
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:17,760
475
+ to clarify your points by providing more and more
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:21,000
479
+ examples let's do this first exercise and write
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:27,440
483
+ supporting details to this topic sentence it says
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:30,740
487
+ foreign language learners can generally improve
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+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:30,740 --> 00:10:33,740
491
+ their language skills by doing these three
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+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:33,740 --> 00:10:36,440
495
+ essential steps what I'd like you to do is to
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+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:39,820
499
+ writethese three steps and for each one of these
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+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:39,820 --> 00:10:43,700
503
+ steps write one example to clarify further your
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+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:43,700 --> 00:10:48,100
507
+ idea alrightุŸ very quickly you can work together
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:48,100 --> 00:10:51,680
511
+ actually you can help each other work in pairs and
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+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:51,680 --> 00:10:56,640
515
+ try think and write them three reasons and an
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+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:56,640 --> 00:11:00,580
519
+ example for each for this topic sentence
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+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:35,280
523
+ ูˆุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ
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+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:46,140 --> 00:12:49,540
527
+ So we are writing about steps that you can do to
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+
529
+ 133
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+ 00:12:49,540 --> 00:12:52,940
531
+ improve your language learning, your language
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:52,940 --> 00:12:54,180
535
+ learning skills of course
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:07,540
539
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
540
+
541
+ 136
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+ 00:13:07,540 --> 00:13:08,160
543
+ ู†ูุณู‡ู…
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+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:51,970
547
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:19,610 --> 00:14:26,110
551
+ ุฃุดู‡ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:26,110 --> 00:14:30,090
555
+ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:15:01,110 --> 00:15:04,570
559
+ All right let's say all right what's all the
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:04,570 --> 00:15:09,470
563
+ reasons or steps that you can provide for this
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:09,470 --> 00:15:14,210
567
+ topic sentence just get some ideas from you yes
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:14,210 --> 00:15:14,490
571
+ please
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:18,350 --> 00:15:23,830
575
+ and also read novels and stories okay yes please
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:23,830 --> 00:15:29,450
579
+ and write paragraphs or essays fairness fairness
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:29,450 --> 00:15:31,590
583
+ but we need more examples we need to provide
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:31,590 --> 00:15:34,770
587
+ examples for each one of these very good steps
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:34,770 --> 00:15:36,970
591
+ very good very good yes please let's start with
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:36,970 --> 00:15:40,250
595
+ the first one it's important to practice when
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+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:40,250 --> 00:15:42,630
599
+ you're speaking for example to know how to let's
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:42,630 --> 00:15:48,440
603
+ just write this down this idea so they canpractice
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:48,440 --> 00:15:56,240
607
+ speaking in the foreign language in the foreign
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:59,820
611
+ language is that right? yes what sort of examples
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:59,820 --> 00:16:04,180
615
+ did you provide to clarify this idea so they can
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:04,180 --> 00:16:08,840
619
+ practice speaking with making short small talk and
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:08,840 --> 00:16:12,080
623
+ build communication very nice so they can actually
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:16,060
627
+ they can speak
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:21,850 --> 00:16:26,870
631
+ for example okay we're native speakers of that
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:26,870 --> 00:16:33,970
635
+ foreign language native speakers is that rightุŸ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:33,970 --> 00:16:38,010
639
+ and hold conversations with a lot of people okay
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:41,450
643
+ so this is a good example of what do we mean by
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:41,450 --> 00:16:44,510
647
+ practicing speaking in order to improve their
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:44,510 --> 00:16:48,840
651
+ foreign languageA second step to improve their
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:48,840 --> 00:16:51,340
655
+ language. Yes please. Foreign language learners
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:51,340 --> 00:16:54,200
659
+ can improve their language by listening to a
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:16:54,200 --> 00:16:56,620
663
+ native speaker. Okay very nice. So pretty much
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:16:56,620 --> 00:17:03,160
667
+ they can listen extensively
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:06,520
671
+ in
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:17:06,520 --> 00:17:13,200
675
+ the foreign language. For example?listen at the
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+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:20,740
679
+ radio? yes they listen .. they listen to radio and
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:17:20,740 --> 00:17:30,940
683
+ songs .. songs .. watch films .. watch films and
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:17:30,940 --> 00:17:31,660
687
+ ..
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:17:34,570 --> 00:17:38,030
691
+ Very good. What else? A third step to improve
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:17:38,030 --> 00:17:40,790
695
+ foreign language learning. Yes please. They can
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:43,750
699
+ write new word and try to use it in a sentence.
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:44,110 --> 00:17:48,050
703
+ Okay. So they can also practice writing all the
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:48,050 --> 00:17:51,430
707
+ time. Okay. Let's just write this one. They can
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:17:51,430 --> 00:17:56,430
711
+ practice writing.
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:59,340 --> 00:18:02,360
715
+ extensively again all right an example of this
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:18:02,360 --> 00:18:04,200
719
+ practice writing and reading for example an
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:08,440
723
+ example of this would be to write to write essays
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:15,240
727
+ to write let's try them here they can they
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:18:15,240 --> 00:18:20,820
731
+ can write emails
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:18:20,820 --> 00:18:28,140
735
+ letters essays stories
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:18:33,900 --> 00:18:38,900
739
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุชforeign language learners can
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:38,900 --> 00:18:41,180
743
+ actually do so what we did here is that we
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:41,180 --> 00:18:44,200
747
+ provided supporting sentences all right it's not
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:46,840
751
+ only just to provide reasons or steps we also
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:46,840 --> 00:18:50,500
755
+ provided more support by giving more examples to
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:50,500 --> 00:18:54,560
759
+ clarify the ideas that we present on paper in our
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:57,460
763
+ paragraph is this clear? let's have another
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:57,460 --> 00:19:00,920
767
+ practice another activity with a different idea
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:08,150
771
+ and what I'd like you to do is toู‡ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู†ูƒุชุจ ุฃูˆ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:19:08,150 --> 00:19:13,110
775
+ ู†ู‚ุฏู… ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:19:13,110 --> 00:19:20,830
779
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:19:20,830 --> 00:19:25,970
783
+ ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:19:25,970 --> 00:19:29,010
787
+ ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:19:29,010 --> 00:19:32,130
791
+ ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:32,130 --> 00:19:32,170
795
+ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:32,170 --> 00:19:34,090
799
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:34,090 --> 00:19:37,040
803
+ ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุช ุฃุจูˆุงุฆู†ุง ุงุดุนุงุฑุงุชุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ูˆููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:37,040 --> 00:19:43,560
807
+ ุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ุตุฏู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:53,330 --> 00:20:54,790
811
+ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:22:26,930 --> 00:22:29,930
815
+ Have you thought of ideas? We can think about
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:22:29,930 --> 00:22:34,510
819
+ transport. We can think about education or
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:22:34,510 --> 00:22:38,030
823
+ communication and so on. Let me just get some
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:38,030 --> 00:22:41,830
827
+ ideas from you. Our lifestyles are different from
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:41,830 --> 00:22:44,790
831
+ our grandparents' lifestyles. The first difference
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:44,790 --> 00:22:48,990
835
+ for example is about this place. They used to
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:48,990 --> 00:22:51,290
839
+ communicate with each other without using
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:51,290 --> 00:22:56,370
843
+ technology.yes and now .. very good idea let's
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:56,370 --> 00:23:02,290
847
+ just write it down so we use .. or we can say our
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:23:02,290 --> 00:23:11,070
851
+ communication our communication our
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:23:11,070 --> 00:23:19,310
855
+ communication nowadays is much faster than and
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:19,310 --> 00:23:20,830
859
+ efficient
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:27,370
863
+ our communication, different ways of communication
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:27,370 --> 00:23:31,610
867
+ is much faster and much more effective and
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:31,610 --> 00:23:37,190
871
+ efficient for example we use social media, we use
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:37,190 --> 00:23:39,450
875
+ the internet, we use wired phones, we use
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:39,450 --> 00:23:44,870
879
+ technology based devices and equipment and so on
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:44,870 --> 00:23:48,070
883
+ so we can say we use the internet
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:01,840
887
+ and satellite technology alright satellite to
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:07,180
891
+ communicate and satellite .. satellite based
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:24:07,180 --> 00:24:07,880
895
+ technology
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,740
899
+ So we can speak to any person anytime anywhere
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:18,740 --> 00:24:23,320
903
+ within a very short time or at the same time
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:27,140
907
+ without any problem whereas in the past people had
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:27,140 --> 00:24:32,580
911
+ probably had to travel for months in order to
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:32,580 --> 00:24:36,160
915
+ communicate a message to another person. So this
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:38,700
919
+ is one first difference. A second difference would
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:38,700 --> 00:24:42,040
923
+ be something likeThere was lack of education but
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:42,040 --> 00:24:45,720
927
+ now education is important. There was no schools
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:48,200
931
+ but now they are everywhere. Very nice. So
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:52,200
935
+ education is much more diverse, much more varied
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:57,890
939
+ than it was it used to be.another idea very nice
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:24:57,890 --> 00:25:03,450
943
+ very good idea yes please electricity
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:03,450 --> 00:25:11,850
947
+ yes correct very nice and for example now we use
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:11,850 --> 00:25:18,090
951
+ different electric equipment to do the household
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:18,090 --> 00:25:20,770
955
+ work for example washing machines, drying machines
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:20,770 --> 00:25:23,570
959
+ and so onand so on let's talk about transport it's
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:23,570 --> 00:25:31,170
963
+ an easy idea all right yes please very
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:35,530
967
+ nice people now very nice very nice idea people
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:35,530 --> 00:25:45,930
971
+ now use much convenient and
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:47,930
975
+ faster
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:25:50,690 --> 00:26:01,450
979
+ or easy means of transport okay for example we use
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:01,450 --> 00:26:11,330
983
+ planes right cars so we use cars, buses, planes,
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:13,250 --> 00:26:13,950
987
+ trains
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:26:16,330 --> 00:26:22,570
991
+ and probably but of course subways okay and so on
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:26:22,570 --> 00:26:25,590
995
+ is that right? yes let's think about the third
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:29,850
999
+ example all right of sorry the third difference in
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:26:29,850 --> 00:26:30,630
1003
+ our lifestyle
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:26:33,560 --> 00:26:39,020
1007
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:26:39,020 --> 00:26:47,580
1011
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:26:47,580 --> 00:26:49,780
1015
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:26:49,780 --> 00:26:49,780
1019
+ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:26:49,780 --> 00:26:49,780
1023
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:26:49,780 --> 00:26:49,800
1027
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:49,800
1031
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:49,800
1035
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:49,820
1039
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:26:49,820 --> 00:26:51,580
1043
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:26:51,580 --> 00:26:55,970
1047
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ููŠู†ุญู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:26:55,970 --> 00:27:00,590
1051
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ุชุณู…ุญ ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:27:00,590 --> 00:27:02,430
1055
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:27:02,430 --> 00:27:02,650
1059
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:27:02,650 --> 00:27:05,010
1063
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:27:05,010 --> 00:27:05,630
1067
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:27:05,630 --> 00:27:06,130
1071
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:27:06,130 --> 00:27:09,730
1075
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:27:09,730 --> 00:27:21,430
1079
+ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:27:21,430 --> 00:27:31,860
1083
+ ู†yes for example we use the internet and
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:27:31,860 --> 00:27:43,100
1087
+ online materials in doing or
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:27:43,100 --> 00:27:48,620
1091
+ in conducting research
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:27:51,620 --> 00:27:56,860
1095
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูู‚ุท ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงุŒ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:56,860 --> 00:28:00,180
1099
+ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ุงุชููŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:28:00,180 --> 00:28:06,440
1103
+ ุงู„ุณatellite ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑู†ุช ู„ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:28:06,440 --> 00:28:12,580
1107
+ ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูˆ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:28:12,580 --> 00:28:17,480
1111
+ ููƒู„ ู…ุง ูุนู„ู†ุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ูˆwe have to provide
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:17,480 --> 00:28:19,860
1115
+ more examples we have to provide supporting
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:19,860 --> 00:28:23,260
1119
+ sentences to make sure that the reader understands
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:28:23,260 --> 00:28:27,320
1123
+ what we actually write about so always think about
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:28:27,320 --> 00:28:31,000
1127
+ providing examples alright illustrations to your
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:34,800
1131
+ idea is that clear? yes very nice alright now
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:39,720
1135
+ let's do our final activity today and let's do or
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:43,940
1139
+ complete this paragraph very easy paragraphthat
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:43,940 --> 00:28:47,560
1143
+ you can .. everyone can actually write about let's
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:52,760
1147
+ see all right we're going to complete this
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:28:52,760 --> 00:28:56,480
1151
+ paragraph although many people like to live in the
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:28:56,480 --> 00:29:00,800
1155
+ countryside I prefer to live in big cities for
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:04,260
1159
+ three reasons first social life in big cities is
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:04,260 --> 00:29:07,120
1163
+ active for example I can communicate with
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:11,400
1167
+ different people and from differentุงู„ุขู† ุณุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒู…
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:15,520
1171
+ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃุนูŠุด ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:15,520 --> 00:29:19,690
1175
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉliving in the countryside the third is here
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:19,690 --> 00:29:21,690
1179
+ living in the big cities is very helpful and
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:21,690 --> 00:29:25,810
1183
+ useful in finding jobs in fact there are lots of
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:25,810 --> 00:29:28,170
1187
+ job opportunities in the city and many companies
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:28,170 --> 00:29:31,890
1191
+ require employees and here is the concluding
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:31,890 --> 00:29:35,410
1195
+ sentence so I'd like you now to actually on your
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:35,410 --> 00:29:39,110
1199
+ own complete this paragraph by providing the
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:46,950
1203
+ secondูˆ ุงุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุดุฑุญ ูˆ ุชุดุฑุญ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:46,950 --> 00:29:57,710
1207
+ ููƒุฑุฉูƒ ุณุฃุทู„ุจ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:57,710 --> 00:30:00,210
1211
+ ู…ู† ุจุนุถูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุฃุชูŠูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุชูƒุชุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:30:00,210 --> 00:30:03,930
1215
+ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ุงุช ูˆุฃุณุจุงุจู‡ู…
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:21,560
1219
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:31:05,690 --> 00:31:09,410
1223
+ while you are writing make sure that you have
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:31:09,410 --> 00:31:13,990
1227
+ checked on your sentence structuresubject verb
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:31:13,990 --> 00:31:16,750
1231
+ agreement for example your capitalization you had
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:31:16,750 --> 00:31:19,790
1235
+ used capital letters correctly that you ended your
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:31:19,790 --> 00:31:24,510
1239
+ started your sentence with a capital letter and
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:31:24,510 --> 00:31:27,130
1243
+ ended with a full stop with a full stop make sure
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:31:27,130 --> 00:31:29,930
1247
+ that you have number agreement all right and other
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:31:29,930 --> 00:31:32,250
1251
+ things that we talked about last time
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:31:53,590 --> 00:31:57,290
1255
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุนูˆุฏูŠุฉ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:46,450
1259
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชูƒุชุจุŒ ุณุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ูŠุฑูŠู†ุง
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:32:46,450 --> 00:32:49,750
1263
+ .. ูŠูƒุชุจูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠู†ุง ู…ุงุฐุง ุญู‚ุง ูƒุชุจูˆุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:32:49,750 --> 00:32:57,750
1267
+ ู„ุฅูƒู…ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุนูŠุฏูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:32:57,750 --> 00:32:59,030
1271
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุนุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:05,270 --> 00:33:09,550
1275
+ yes please all right yes you can write here and a
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:09,550 --> 00:33:13,810
1279
+ third example yes over there okay that should be
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:13,810 --> 00:33:16,050
1283
+ all right I wish we have two boards not one
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:31,230 --> 00:33:34,090
1287
+ in the meantime check on your writing I'd like to
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:33:34,090 --> 00:33:37,310
1291
+ see at least two sentences if not three sentences
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:37,310 --> 00:33:39,910
1295
+ to clarify your ideas think about the first
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:33:39,910 --> 00:33:42,450
1299
+ sentence as a reason and the second and third
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:33:42,450 --> 00:33:46,750
1303
+ sentences as examples to clarify the points that
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:33:46,750 --> 00:33:48,130
1307
+ you are making
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:08,810 --> 00:34:13,250
1311
+ thank you all
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:34:13,250 --> 00:34:18,250
1315
+ right
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:34:18,250 --> 00:34:22,610
1319
+ let's see are you done? okay very nice let's see
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:34:22,610 --> 00:34:25,570
1323
+ the examples that on the writing your classmates
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:34:25,570 --> 00:34:30,470
1327
+ wrote here second services is that services? yes
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:34:30,470 --> 00:34:35,590
1331
+ services in last few days are matchamuch more
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:34:35,590 --> 00:34:39,490
1335
+ easier to attain while in the countryside you have
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:34:39,490 --> 00:34:42,990
1339
+ to drive for an hour to reach the drugstore for
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:34:42,990 --> 00:34:45,110
1343
+ example. Do you have any comments?
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:56,100
1347
+ Is the idea clear? Does it get through? Yes I
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:34:56,100 --> 00:35:00,660
1351
+ think so yes I think I think so services alright
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:00,660 --> 00:35:04,620
1355
+ and largely are much more easier to attain while
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:35:04,620 --> 00:35:07,520
1359
+ in the countryside you have to drive for an hour
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:35:07,520 --> 00:35:13,560
1363
+ to reach the drugstore or to reach your to get
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:35:13,560 --> 00:35:20,600
1367
+ your service to get your service because we're
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:35:20,600 --> 00:35:24,020
1371
+ talking aboutServices in general okay whereas
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:35:24,020 --> 00:35:26,880
1375
+ drugstore is just for one or two things that we
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:29,280
1379
+ need to ask. Very nice, very nice. Let's see the
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:32,500
1383
+ second example, a second idea. Education in big
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:35:32,500 --> 00:35:36,460
1387
+ cities is very well and we can study in high level
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:35:36,460 --> 00:35:39,220
1391
+ university. Do you have any ideas? Do you have any
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:35:39,220 --> 00:35:44,220
1395
+ comments?yeah it's clear but actually we need some
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:35:44,220 --> 00:35:49,280
1399
+ more one more sentence as an example of what we
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:52,600
1403
+ mean by this idea we have to add at least one more
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:54,740
1407
+ sentence just to make sure that the idea is
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:35:54,740 --> 00:35:58,780
1411
+ clearer more okay give me more specific example
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:35:58,780 --> 00:36:03,680
1415
+ forู„ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุชูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:36:03,680 --> 00:36:06,180
1419
+ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูƒุงู…ุฉ. ุซุงู„ุซู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ููŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:36:06,180 --> 00:36:09,720
1423
+ ุจูŠูƒุณู„ูŠุฒ ูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:36:09,720 --> 00:36:16,780
1427
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ. ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฎูŠุฑ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:36:16,780 --> 00:36:22,080
1431
+ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูƒู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:23,560
1435
+ ูู‚ุท ู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:30,720
1439
+ just please I mean just give us an idea about what
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:36:30,720 --> 00:36:33,820
1443
+ you wrote actually living in a big cities means
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:36:33,820 --> 00:36:37,580
1447
+ that you can easily reach to the center town
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:36:37,580 --> 00:36:40,940
1451
+ universities and supermarket easily because you
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:45,360
1455
+ are in a near area because you are in the area you
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:36:45,360 --> 00:36:48,300
1459
+ are in a nearby area very nice what did you write?
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:36:49,090 --> 00:36:51,430
1463
+ living in big cities is very useful to find
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:36:51,430 --> 00:36:53,690
1467
+ anywhere, contrast to small cities I can find
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:36:53,690 --> 00:36:59,110
1471
+ hospital, university, school and clinic living
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:36:59,110 --> 00:37:01,750
1475
+ in big cities I have comfortable room which makes
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:37:01,750 --> 00:37:05,630
1479
+ transport very easy
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:37:19,290 --> 00:37:22,650
1483
+ ู„ูˆ ู†ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:37:22,650 --> 00:37:23,830
1487
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:37:23,830 --> 00:37:26,350
1491
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:37:26,350 --> 00:37:29,950
1495
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:37:29,950 --> 00:37:33,470
1499
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:37:33,470 --> 00:37:42,130
1503
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:37:46,770 --> 00:37:51,770
1507
+ Freedom to make a question in our religion, in our
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:37:51,770 --> 00:37:55,510
1511
+ mosque, in our schools, in our .. any .. Very
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:37:55,510 --> 00:37:58,210
1515
+ nice, very nice, alright, okay let's .. yes
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:37:58,210 --> 00:37:59,210
1519
+ please, just finally
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:38:07,480 --> 00:38:10,820
1523
+ very nice they can get a lot of services very good
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:38:10,820 --> 00:38:15,460
1527
+ so they can go to schools universities and so on
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:38:15,460 --> 00:38:17,900
1531
+ let's just give you an idea of what I actually
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:38:17,900 --> 00:38:18,600
1535
+ wrote here
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:38:21,250 --> 00:38:25,870
1539
+ ุณุฃุดุฑุญ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:38:25,870 --> 00:38:33,190
1543
+ ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ .. ูƒุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุฃุญุจุจุชู‡ ูƒุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ุฃุญุจุจุชู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:38:33,190 --> 00:38:36,270
1547
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:38:36,270 --> 00:38:41,130
1551
+ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:38:41,130 --> 00:38:45,250
1555
+ ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุฃุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู† ุฃุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:38:45,250 --> 00:38:51,670
1559
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู‚ุนุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„you can easily find
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:38:51,670 --> 00:38:55,150
1563
+ hospitals universities and schools within a
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:38:55,150 --> 00:38:59,330
1567
+ walking distance still the idea is not much clear
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:38:59,330 --> 00:39:02,090
1571
+ for me I need to write a third sentence to explain
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:39:02,090 --> 00:39:07,510
1575
+ it further in addition there are there are a lot
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:39:07,510 --> 00:39:11,090
1579
+ entertainment areas and cultural centers where you
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:39:11,090 --> 00:39:13,130
1583
+ can spend your free time
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:23,060
1587
+ and discussed further so what we see here is more
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:39:23,060 --> 00:39:25,520
1591
+ development of the ideas it's not just enough to
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:39:25,520 --> 00:39:28,800
1595
+ write one sentence just to explain your ideas
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:39:28,800 --> 00:39:32,980
1599
+ always think about writing more okay fluently in
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:35,380
1603
+ order to explain your ideas and notice the
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:39:35,380 --> 00:39:39,560
1607
+ transitions that we use in this paragraph first
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:47,370
1611
+ and then we have secondand then we have for
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:39:47,370 --> 00:39:56,350
1615
+ instance and repetition and third and ุทุจุนุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:40:00,370 --> 00:40:05,610
1619
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ุซู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:40:05,610 --> 00:40:08,670
1623
+ ุนูŠูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุฉุŒ ูุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:40:08,670 --> 00:40:11,930
1627
+ ุซุงู„ุซุฉุŒ ู…ุญุทู…ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑุŒ ููŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:40:11,930 --> 00:40:16,810
1631
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุณูˆุฑูŠูŠู† ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ูƒุนูŠูˆู† ู…ุญุทู…ุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุตุฏุฑ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:40:16,810 --> 00:40:21,230
1635
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ู… ูŠุตู„ุญูˆุง ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃููƒุงุฑูƒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฐุง
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:40:21,230 --> 00:40:28,590
1639
+ ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุดุฑุญ ุฃููƒุงุฑูƒุŒnext
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:40:28,590 --> 00:40:31,350
1643
+ time ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ we look at the concluding
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:40:31,350 --> 00:40:35,050
1647
+ sentence which is the final part of your paragraph
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:40:35,050 --> 00:40:37,810
1651
+ thank you very much and see you next time
1652
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/8FBGTsPQOlg_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1768 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:22,520
3
+ All right ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… good morning how are you
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:25,680
7
+ today? Very good very good. All right today we're
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:29,080
11
+ looking at the second type of sentence structure.
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:32,780
15
+ Remember last weeks we talked about simple
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:32,780 --> 00:00:36,560
19
+ sentence structure and as you know it's not only
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:38,880
23
+ .. it's not good just to write simple sentences
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:42,480
27
+ but we have to useู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,480 --> 00:00:47,280
31
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:47,280 --> 00:00:56,320
35
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:57,140 --> 00:01:00,720
39
+ a sentence that has a subject and a verb
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:05,000
43
+ relationship a subject and a verb for example I
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:09,080
47
+ live in Gaza city so at least every sentence must
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:12,420
51
+ have a subject and a verb combination and
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:12,420 --> 00:01:15,520
55
+ expresses a complete idea but as you know language
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:19,700
59
+ is not only composed ofุณูุฑ sentences we use
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:24,260
63
+ different structures so one second structure very
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,260 --> 00:01:28,720
67
+ common that we use is the compound sentence what
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,720 --> 00:01:33,780
71
+ is a compound sentence? it's basically two simple
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:33,780 --> 00:01:37,880
75
+ sentences that are joined together by a comma and
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:40,940
79
+ a coordinating conjunction let's consider this
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:40,940 --> 00:01:42,040
83
+ example for instance
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:46,650 --> 00:01:52,370
87
+ notice that we joined them by the connector or the
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:52,370 --> 00:01:56,170
91
+ coordinating conjunction but .. so she works in
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:56,170 --> 00:01:59,990
95
+ the city but she lives in the suburb so we have
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,990 --> 00:02:02,570
99
+ simple sentence another simple sentence that is
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,570 --> 00:02:06,410
103
+ also both are joined by the connector or by
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,410 --> 00:02:09,980
107
+ something we call coordinating conjunctionand
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:09,980 --> 00:02:12,120
111
+ notice the punctuation here there is a comma
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:16,840
115
+ before the coordinator or the coordinating
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:20,020
119
+ conjunction before so this is what we call a
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:20,020 --> 00:02:22,940
123
+ compound sentence a combination of two simple
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,940 --> 00:02:26,320
127
+ sentences joined together by a linking word or a
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:29,600
131
+ coordinator okay this is also another example we
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:32,840
135
+ have a simple sentence here and also a simple
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:32,840 --> 00:02:35,680
139
+ sentence here and then we have a coordinating
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:39,930
143
+ conjunction for instancehe couldn't watch the show
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:39,930 --> 00:02:46,230
147
+ so he decided to tape it also another example he
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:46,230 --> 00:02:51,890
151
+ was poor but he learned happily or it was cold
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:56,310
155
+ outside so he got put on a heavy coat or you can
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:56,310 --> 00:03:00,410
159
+ attend a lesson or I will ask someone to attend on
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:00,410 --> 00:03:03,910
163
+ your behalf so what we see here are examples of
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:03,910 --> 00:03:07,370
167
+ comparative sentencestwo simple sentences again
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:07,370 --> 00:03:11,010
171
+ joined by one of these linking words or what we
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:11,010 --> 00:03:14,670
175
+ call coordinating conjunctions so what are these
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:14,670 --> 00:03:18,370
179
+ coordinating conjunctions at least we have seven
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:18,370 --> 00:03:21,070
183
+ of them alright and we should learn them we should
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:21,070 --> 00:03:25,010
187
+ know how to use them all all the time for instance
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:25,010 --> 00:03:29,410
191
+ we have and which is indicating an addition
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:29,410 --> 00:03:32,590
195
+ relationship so the second sentence is an addition
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:32,590 --> 00:03:34,750
199
+ to the first sentence
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:40,490 --> 00:03:43,370
203
+ Yet and but have the same meaning except yet
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:43,370 --> 00:03:46,550
207
+ sometimes or comes as for something we call
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:53,650
211
+ unexpected result. Unexpected result. We have a
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:53,650 --> 00:03:55,110
215
+ choice for example or
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:58,700 --> 00:04:03,220
219
+ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:03,220 --> 00:04:04,540
223
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:04,540 --> 00:04:05,460
227
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:05,460 --> 00:04:06,300
231
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:06,300 --> 00:04:08,780
235
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:08,780 --> 00:04:10,860
239
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:10,860 --> 00:04:15,280
243
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:24,360 --> 00:04:27,740
247
+ a compound sentence is basically a combination of
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:27,740 --> 00:04:31,460
251
+ two simple sentences joined by one of these seven
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:31,460 --> 00:04:39,620
255
+ coordinators or seven fanboys okay? also the
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:39,620 --> 00:04:44,320
259
+ punctuation is that why did we not put this
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:48,420
263
+ punctuation? did not put a comma here? the
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:48,420 --> 00:04:51,960
267
+ necklace was beautiful but expensive why did we
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:53,260
271
+ not put a comma here?
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:55,990 --> 00:05:01,270
275
+ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:01,270 --> 00:05:09,450
279
+ ุนุงุฑูุฉit is not a compound sentence it is a simple
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:09,450 --> 00:05:13,910
283
+ sentence and but here is not joining two sentences
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:13,910 --> 00:05:17,390
287
+ it is just two words or two phrases but not two
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:17,390 --> 00:05:20,230
291
+ simple sentences and therefore there is no need
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:24,130
295
+ for a comma here so it is not that every time we
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:24,130 --> 00:05:26,710
299
+ see and or but we have to put comma we have to
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:29,430
303
+ look at the sentence structure if it is a compound
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:29,430 --> 00:05:33,010
307
+ then we put a comma and if it is not then there is
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:33,010 --> 00:05:37,190
311
+ no need for a wordis this clearุŸ yes all right
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:37,190 --> 00:05:41,690
315
+ let's just review very quickly the simplest
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:41,690 --> 00:05:44,110
319
+ sentence structure just we would like you to know
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:44,110 --> 00:05:46,650
323
+ the difference between or to recognize the
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:46,650 --> 00:05:51,020
327
+ difference between a simple sentence andู…ุน ู†ูุณู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:51,020 --> 00:05:57,660
331
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:57,660 --> 00:06:03,960
335
+ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุงุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุชูˆู… ุฐู‡ุจูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุณุชุฑุฏุงู… ูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:08,360
339
+ ุฃุฒูˆุฑูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŸ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:13,880
343
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:19,000
347
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:19,130 --> 00:06:23,710
351
+ not two sentences okay all right let's look at
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:23,710 --> 00:06:28,910
355
+ page fifty four in your textbook page fifty four
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:28,910 --> 00:06:33,150
359
+ in your textbook all right and let's study these
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:33,150 --> 00:06:36,890
363
+ examples just to get you the idea in recognizing
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:36,890 --> 00:06:40,630
367
+ the differences between the two of them let's see
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:40,630 --> 00:06:43,310
371
+ at the table here just a second please just two
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:50,420
375
+ So what I just said sometimes I have a simple
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:50,420 --> 00:06:52,600
379
+ sentence with a compound verb or a compound
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:55,820
383
+ subject and sometimes I have a compound sentence
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:55,820 --> 00:06:58,720
387
+ let's see the examples here simple sentence with a
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:58,720 --> 00:07:02,760
391
+ compound verb for example my family goes camping
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:02,760 --> 00:07:06,220
395
+ summer every summer and usually has fire so it is
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:06,220 --> 00:07:10,580
399
+ a simple sentence with an svv structure with the
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:10,580 --> 00:07:15,370
403
+ second one my family goes camping every summerand
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:15,370 --> 00:07:19,210
407
+ we usually have fun so it is a compound sentence
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:19,210 --> 00:07:26,030
411
+ with an sv and sv structure the second one simple
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:26,030 --> 00:07:29,630
415
+ sentence with a compound verb last year we went
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:29,630 --> 00:07:34,380
419
+ camping outbut had a terrible time all right so
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:34,380 --> 00:07:37,340
423
+ it's an svv whereas the compound sentence last
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:37,340 --> 00:07:41,100
427
+ year we went camping but everyone here is another
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:41,100 --> 00:07:45,260
431
+ sentence with another subject but everyone had a
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:45,260 --> 00:07:46,320
435
+ trouble time
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:50,390 --> 00:07:54,490
439
+ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุณู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุณู†ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:54,490 --> 00:07:57,870
443
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:57,870 --> 00:08:11,830
447
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:23,480
451
+ and and so and so and so and so and so and so and
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:25,340
455
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:25,340 --> 00:08:25,360
459
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:25,560
463
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:25,560 --> 00:08:26,000
467
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:26,940
471
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:26,940 --> 00:08:28,880
475
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:28,880 --> 00:08:29,800
479
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:29,840
483
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:29,860
487
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:29,860 --> 00:08:30,600
491
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:30,660
495
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:30,660 --> 00:08:30,720
499
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:32,960
503
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:34,260 --> 00:08:37,300
507
+ is it a simple sentence or a compound sentence
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:37,300 --> 00:08:42,900
511
+ structure and what is the formula is it an sv svv
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:42,900 --> 00:08:47,140
515
+ and so on yes please very quickly we have two
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:49,960
519
+ examples done for us for example a simple sentence
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:55,780
523
+ is the summers were hot and humid in my childhood
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:55,780 --> 00:08:58,640
527
+ so this is a simple sentence structure with an sv
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:02,830
531
+ subject verb meansWhereas the second one it's a
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:02,830 --> 00:09:05,710
535
+ compound sentence joined sorry two simple
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:05,710 --> 00:09:09,290
539
+ sentences joined by so every evening it was
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:09,290 --> 00:09:14,250
543
+ subject there so my sisters and I played subject
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:14,250 --> 00:09:14,890
547
+ subject
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:31,900
551
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:31,900 --> 00:09:35,920
555
+ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ูˆุฌูŠู‡ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:38,540
559
+ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:38,540 --> 00:09:39,120
563
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:40,540
567
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:40,540 --> 00:09:42,560
571
+ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:42,560 --> 00:09:44,100
575
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:44,100 --> 00:09:46,340
579
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:10,590 --> 00:10:20,630
583
+ ุฃุญุณู†ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:12,220
587
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ู…ู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฑู‚ู…
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:12,220 --> 00:11:18,840
591
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุฃุฌู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:23,680
595
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:23,680 --> 00:11:23,960
599
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:25,100
603
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:25,100 --> 00:11:25,360
607
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:33,020
611
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:33,020 --> 00:11:35,740
615
+ ุฃู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:35,740 --> 00:11:37,760
619
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:38,600
623
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:38,640
627
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:40,000
631
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:41,460
635
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:41,460 --> 00:11:43,620
639
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:43,620 --> 00:11:44,480
643
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:44,680
647
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:44,680 --> 00:11:44,760
651
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:48,730 --> 00:12:01,150
655
+ it's a compound sentence and it is an svr or svv
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:01,150 --> 00:12:04,650
659
+ is that right? yes okay and notice the punctuation
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:04,650 --> 00:12:12,210
663
+ over okay yes please over there please yes at the
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:12,210 --> 00:12:20,590
667
+ end simple sentence and the structure iswe caught
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:20,590 --> 00:12:28,690
671
+ fireflies number six we put fireflies in a glass
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:28,690 --> 00:12:32,230
675
+ jar and our father punched air holes in the metal
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:41,110
679
+ lid it's a compound and the structure is svmc
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:45,700 --> 00:12:53,380
683
+ and our father punch etc number seven number seven
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:53,380 --> 00:12:56,700
687
+ yes please my sister were afraid of most bugs but
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:56,700 --> 00:13:00,920
691
+ they love fireflies compound sentence structure sv
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:05,780
695
+ my sister were but they not so it's a compound sv
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:05,780 --> 00:13:09,460
699
+ but sv
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:09,460 --> 00:13:14,920
703
+ all right but they not it's a subject verb yes
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:14,920 --> 00:13:21,600
707
+ pleasewe usually went together at night but we
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:26,180
711
+ stayed up at night or on really warm evenings it's
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:26,180 --> 00:13:34,760
715
+ a compound sentence structure sv but sv very good
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:38,060
719
+ and the second last yes please over there
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:41,450 --> 00:13:44,090
723
+ it's a simple sentence very nice it's a simple
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:44,090 --> 00:13:48,190
727
+ sentence very nice it's a simple sentence very
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:48,190 --> 00:13:50,410
731
+ nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:50,410 --> 00:13:51,090
735
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:51,090 --> 00:13:51,790
739
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:51,790 --> 00:13:51,830
743
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:51,830 --> 00:13:52,410
747
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:52,410 --> 00:13:52,710
751
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:52,710 --> 00:13:52,930
755
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:52,930 --> 00:13:54,590
759
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:54,590 --> 00:13:54,830
763
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:54,830 --> 00:13:55,350
767
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:55,350 --> 00:13:58,450
771
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:58,450 --> 00:14:03,890
775
+ simple sentence very
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:03,890 --> 00:14:08,630
779
+ niceit's a compound is that correct? yes with an
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:08,630 --> 00:14:13,010
783
+ order or imperative structure so it's an compound
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:13,010 --> 00:14:22,350
787
+ sv but sv okay because it's the as we said before
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:22,350 --> 00:14:27,030
791
+ the subject is not stated clearly the subject is
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:32,350
795
+ originally you come inside now and you leave the
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:32,350 --> 00:14:39,240
799
+ firefliesุงู„ุงู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูุญู‡
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:46,280
803
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตูุญู‡ 55 ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:51,600
807
+ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตูุญู‡ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:51,600 --> 00:14:57,060
811
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุถุญูƒุฉุŸ ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:57,060 --> 00:15:00,800
815
+ ุงุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููˆุฑู…ูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ sv ุงูˆ svvุŸ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:15,210 --> 00:15:25,770
819
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ุŸ ู†ู‚ูˆู…
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:45,940
823
+ ู…ุด ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุŒ ุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:45,940 --> 00:15:52,600
827
+ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:52,600 --> 00:16:01,180
831
+ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:07,830 --> 00:16:35,710
835
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:02,460 --> 00:17:06,860
839
+ So decide very quickly if the sentence is simple
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:06,860 --> 00:17:09,580
843
+ or compound structure and decide what is the
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:09,580 --> 00:17:13,100
847
+ formula here what is the formula we are talking
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:13,100 --> 00:17:13,800
851
+ about here
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:17,620
855
+ all right let's see the first one yes please over
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:17,620 --> 00:18:27,560
859
+ there yes Emel teenagers find oh
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:32,000
863
+ so the first sentence is it simple or compound?
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:32,360 --> 00:18:36,240
867
+ it's a simple sentence okay it's a simple sentence
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:41,900
871
+ with m s p slash teenagers find all right the
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:41,900 --> 00:18:48,170
875
+ second onethe second one yes please purple
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:48,170 --> 00:18:55,250
879
+ or gold it's a compound ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง it's a compound
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:19:01,090 --> 00:19:05,770
883
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงูŠุถุง ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุฑุฃุณู‡ู… ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:19:05,770 --> 00:19:09,690
887
+ ุจุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุฑู…ุฒ ููŠ ุฑุฃุณู‡ู…. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:19:09,690 --> 00:19:13,970
891
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:13,970 --> 00:19:13,990
895
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:13,990 --> 00:19:15,590
899
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:15,590 --> 00:19:18,650
903
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:18,650 --> 00:19:29,230
907
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:44,090
911
+ they spend subject verb yes please it's
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:44,090 --> 00:19:48,730
915
+ a compound Venice so it's a compound Venice it's a
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:48,730 --> 00:19:52,950
919
+ compound but and notice the comma here but they
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:56,970
923
+ they don't have time subject verb very good very
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:56,970 --> 00:20:02,330
927
+ good yes pleaseAlso they are always too busy to
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:20:02,330 --> 00:20:04,750
931
+ clean up their rooms but they are never too busy
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:20:04,750 --> 00:20:09,490
935
+ to clean up the refrigerator by eating something.
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:10,030 --> 00:20:20,950
939
+ It's a compound. It's a compound but they are
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:20,950 --> 00:20:25,150
943
+ never too busy to clean up the refrigerator by
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:25,150 --> 00:20:29,910
947
+ eating everything.finally they are old enough to
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:29,910 --> 00:20:33,750
951
+ drive but too young to pay for gas simple sentence
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:39,290
955
+ is that correct? yes why? because but here it is
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:39,290 --> 00:20:42,070
959
+ not a sentence or a simple sentence chapter but
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:45,450
963
+ it's not connecting two sentences this is too
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:45,450 --> 00:20:49,930
967
+ young it's a phrase it's a phrase so it's still a
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:49,930 --> 00:20:54,200
971
+ simple sentencenot two simple sentences joined
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:58,240
975
+ together by but yes very nice. They are usually
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:01,220
979
+ Greeks so they always return the family car with
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:21:01,220 --> 00:21:04,420
983
+ an empty gas tank a compound sentence. It's a
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:21:04,420 --> 00:21:11,570
987
+ compound sentence joined very nice.So they always
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:21:11,570 --> 00:21:16,190
991
+ return it's a subject word formula so it's still a
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:16,190 --> 00:21:22,070
995
+ compound sentence and finally yes please it's
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:21:22,070 --> 00:21:28,690
999
+ even harderit's a compound sentence joined by but
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:21:28,690 --> 00:21:33,130
1003
+ but it is even harder very good alright so it's a
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:21:33,130 --> 00:21:36,230
1007
+ compound sentence so I want you to keep this
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:21:36,230 --> 00:21:39,530
1011
+ understanding as you write your sentences not only
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:21:39,530 --> 00:21:41,990
1015
+ write simple sentences but try to join some of
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:21:41,990 --> 00:21:45,710
1019
+ these sentences into compound ones alright now
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:45,710 --> 00:21:50,760
1023
+ let's do some more practice on this andTry to form
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:50,760 --> 00:21:55,900
1027
+ compound sentences by joining each pair of sample
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:55,900 --> 00:22:00,900
1031
+ sentences together using any of these fanboys, any
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:00,900 --> 00:22:04,820
1035
+ of these connectors that we talked about and for
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:22:04,820 --> 00:22:08,820
1039
+ and but not yet or and so
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:18,280
1043
+ join each pair of sentences to form a compound
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:43,630 --> 00:22:47,750
1047
+ And remember to put the comma where necessary,
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:47,870 --> 00:22:50,330
1051
+ don't forget the punctuation for compound
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:50,330 --> 00:22:54,470
1055
+ sentences.So it's the fanboy is connected is
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:54,470 --> 00:22:56,330
1059
+ preceded by a comma
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:30,390 --> 00:23:33,190
1063
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุตุฑ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:51,370 --> 00:23:52,870
1067
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:24:08,430 --> 00:24:12,170
1071
+ All right, are we done? Yes, the first one. Yes
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:12,170 --> 00:24:16,450
1075
+ please.ุงู„ู„ูŠ works mostly .. but he plays well.
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:17,690 --> 00:24:21,890
1079
+ Very nice.
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:22,010 --> 00:24:25,210
1083
+ Yes number two.He must obey me, so I will punish
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:25,210 --> 00:24:28,870
1087
+ him. So I'll punish him because he obeyed me now
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:28,870 --> 00:24:34,830
1091
+ actually. Or I will punish .. or. Is that right?
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:34,990 --> 00:24:37,690
1095
+ Yes, or I'll punish him. It makes sense now. Yes
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:37,690 --> 00:24:37,970
1099
+ please.
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:45,520
1103
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:45,800
1107
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:49,620
1111
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:49,620 --> 00:24:55,060
1115
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:55,060 --> 00:24:59,380
1119
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:59,380 --> 00:25:01,420
1123
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:01,420 --> 00:25:08,480
1127
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:11,380
1131
+ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:20,860
1135
+ very nice and she paints well and number seven yes
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:20,860 --> 00:25:27,520
1139
+ please he has done his best, and his brother has
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:32,180
1143
+ done his best too all right let's just complete
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:32,180 --> 00:25:36,980
1147
+ the remaining sentences the same idea just to join
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:37,630 --> 00:25:42,190
1151
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุชุฌุนู„ ุฃูƒู„ ุฃุฑุฏู† ุฃูƒู„ ูุฑุฏ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:26:02,540 --> 00:26:10,620
1155
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดุชุบู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:26:10,620 --> 00:26:23,760
1159
+ ุงูŠู‡
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:27,220
1163
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุดุชุบู„
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:26:35,150 --> 00:26:41,730
1167
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:41,730 --> 00:26:44,210
1171
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุฑุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:49,330 --> 00:26:53,790
1175
+ ุฎู„ุงุตุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ .. ู†ุนู… ุจูุถู„ .. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ .. ุงู„ูุชู‰ ูŠู†ุงู…
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:53,790 --> 00:27:04,430
1179
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆ ูŠู†ุงู… ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:04,430 --> 00:27:10,910
1183
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:27:10,910 --> 00:27:11,690
1187
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:27:11,690 --> 00:27:12,150
1191
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:27:12,150 --> 00:27:13,170
1195
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:18,670
1199
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:27:21,780 --> 00:27:30,180
1203
+ But he has read the book. But she couldn't find
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:27:30,180 --> 00:27:38,180
1207
+ the book. But she couldn't find the road and she
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:27:38,180 --> 00:27:46,620
1211
+ shouted for help but no one heard her. And finally
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:27:53,230 --> 00:27:58,550
1215
+ So I decided to take a break. So I decided to take
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:27:58,550 --> 00:28:01,430
1219
+ a break. This is clear? Yes. All right. Now let's
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:01,430 --> 00:28:05,070
1223
+ go back to our textbook on page fifty seven. Yes
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:05,070 --> 00:28:12,030
1227
+ please.and exercise with practice 10 it's the same
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:28:12,030 --> 00:28:16,050
1231
+ idea like here we're going to do more practice and
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:28:16,050 --> 00:28:19,110
1235
+ this time joining each pair of sentences on page
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:28:19,110 --> 00:28:25,730
1239
+ 58 and 59 using any of these connectors and for
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:28:25,730 --> 00:28:30,830
1243
+ but so yet and so and so on this is exam number
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:28:30,830 --> 00:28:33,640
1247
+ one at the bottom of the pageCanada has two
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:36,580
1251
+ official languages. Everyone is printed in both
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:28:36,580 --> 00:28:40,020
1255
+ English and French. Joining them together would be
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:28:40,020 --> 00:28:42,360
1259
+ something like Canada has two official languages.
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:28:43,260 --> 00:28:46,980
1263
+ So everything is printed in both English and
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:46,980 --> 00:28:52,300
1267
+ French. All right? Now page fifty-eight. Just do
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:52,300 --> 00:28:55,600
1271
+ the same. All right? Join each two simple
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:58,180
1275
+ sentences into a compound word.
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:27,690 --> 00:29:29,330
1279
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:33,160 --> 00:29:40,340
1283
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดุชุบู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:40,340 --> 00:29:49,440
1287
+ ุงุดุชุบู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:30:11,810 --> 00:30:13,210
1291
+ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:59,740
1295
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุดุงูŠู ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุดุนุงุฑ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:59,740 --> 00:31:04,100
1299
+ ุงูุชุชุญ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงูˆ ุงูุชุชุญ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:31:04,100 --> 00:31:08,440
1303
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:31:08,440 --> 00:31:10,600
1307
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:31:32,230 --> 00:31:40,210
1311
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:31:40,210 --> 00:31:44,030
1315
+ ููŠู‡ุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:31:44,030 --> 00:31:48,010
1319
+ ุงู†ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:31:48,010 --> 00:31:51,730
1323
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:31:51,730 --> 00:31:54,610
1327
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ููŠู‡ุง
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:06,420
1331
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:32:06,420 --> 00:32:07,200
1335
+ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:32:35,820 --> 00:32:44,300
1339
+ all right all right yes please yes sureThere are
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:32:44,300 --> 00:32:46,900
1343
+ several hundred languages in the world but not all
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:50,380
1347
+ of them have written for.There are several hundred
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:32:50,380 --> 00:32:52,760
1351
+ languages in the world but not all of them have
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:32:52,760 --> 00:33:03,200
1355
+ written for. But English
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:07,520
1359
+ is
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:33:07,520 --> 00:33:09,200
1363
+ spoken in more countries.
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:33:18,920 --> 00:33:22,640
1367
+ very nice and is more of an addition here and how
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:33:22,640 --> 00:33:27,060
1371
+ we can use but by thinking of it as more of an
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:33:27,060 --> 00:33:29,280
1375
+ addition the second sentence is an addition to the
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:36,060
1379
+ first yes please only
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:33:36,060 --> 00:33:40,140
1383
+ use only about ten thousand of them very nice but
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:33:40,140 --> 00:33:44,620
1387
+ most people use only ten thousand of them number
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:33:44,620 --> 00:33:51,610
1391
+ sevenChinese has many different dialects so
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:33:51,610 --> 00:33:54,330
1395
+ Chinese people cannot always understand each
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:33:54,330 --> 00:33:57,690
1399
+ other. So Chinese people cannot always .. yes it's
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:33:57,690 --> 00:34:01,030
1403
+ more than result. So Chinese people cannot always
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:34:01,030 --> 00:34:04,450
1407
+ use them. French used to be the language of
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:34:04,450 --> 00:34:08,830
1411
+ international diplomacy but now it is English. But
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:34:08,830 --> 00:34:11,030
1415
+ now .. and now .. but it's very nice.
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:34:15,090 --> 00:34:17,450
1419
+ International campus are growing so they will soon
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:34:17,450 --> 00:34:20,870
1423
+ need more lingual articles. So they will soon very
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:34:20,870 --> 00:34:26,780
1427
+ good. So they will soon need more. And finallyูŠุนู†ูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:34:26,780 --> 00:34:29,100
1431
+ people should know a second language or they will
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:34:29,100 --> 00:34:32,040
1435
+ be at a disadvantage in the international job
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:34:32,040 --> 00:34:35,480
1439
+ market. So it's more of or. Yes, very good. Or
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:37,940
1443
+ they will be at a disadvantage in the
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:34:37,940 --> 00:34:42,880
1447
+ international job market. Very nice. Okay. Now
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:45,960
1451
+ let's conclude with this activity. What I'd like
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:50,220
1455
+ you to do is to complete the following compound
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:34:50,220 --> 00:34:52,560
1459
+ sentences. Alright? Yes.
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:34:56,460 --> 00:35:01,260
1463
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุถูŠู ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ูˆ ุชู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:35:01,260 --> 00:35:06,320
1467
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุถูŠู ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:35:29,430 --> 00:35:33,430
1471
+ it's very much like but but it's sort of used as
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:35:33,430 --> 00:35:36,410
1475
+ an expected thing, unexpected
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:35:38,580 --> 00:35:42,020
1479
+ ู…ุด ุบุงู„ุจ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:35:42,020 --> 00:35:45,760
1483
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:49,060
1487
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:35:49,060 --> 00:35:49,360
1491
+ ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:50,420
1495
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:35:50,420 --> 00:35:50,800
1499
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:51,040
1503
+ ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:51,200
1507
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:35:51,200 --> 00:35:56,180
1511
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:35:56,180 --> 00:36:00,700
1515
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:36:05,210 --> 00:36:05,850
1519
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ููŠู‡
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:48,620
1523
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงู…ุด like me ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:36:48,620 --> 00:36:54,100
1527
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:36:54,100 --> 00:36:57,220
1531
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:36:57,220 --> 00:37:09,820
1535
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:37:36,780 --> 00:37:39,580
1539
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:18,420
1543
+ Are we finishedุŸ Yes. Very. Very good. All right.
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:38:18,680 --> 00:38:21,100
1547
+ Let's see the first one. It's warm out today so
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:38:21,100 --> 00:38:27,120
1551
+ let's go to the park. So let's go to the park this
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:29,260
1555
+ afternoon. Yes ma'am it's the second part.
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:38:41,170 --> 00:38:47,090
1559
+ often recommend it number three number three yes
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:38:47,090 --> 00:38:49,830
1563
+ please the waves were high and rough yet I was
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:38:49,830 --> 00:38:53,910
1567
+ able to swim yet I was able to swim or is there
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:38:53,910 --> 00:38:57,970
1571
+ another answer yet I went swimming very nice the
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:38:57,970 --> 00:39:06,710
1575
+ waves were high and rough yet I went swimming yet
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:39:06,710 --> 00:39:09,030
1579
+ I went swimming okay
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:22,000
1583
+ we will go on a picnic, we will go to have fun in
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:29,520
1587
+ the city so we will go out .. we will go out
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:32,520
1591
+ alright or we will have to the beach or something
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:36,740
1595
+ very nice yes please I really enjoy reading the
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:39:36,740 --> 00:39:42,960
1599
+ novel and writing the storyI really enjoyed
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:46,080
1603
+ reading the novel and writing the stories. Is it
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:39:46,080 --> 00:39:49,160
1607
+ simple or compound? It's more of a simple sentence
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:52,460
1611
+ because we're talking about the same subject. I
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:39:52,460 --> 00:39:57,020
1615
+ really enjoy and it's the same subject. I really
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:39:57,020 --> 00:40:00,340
1619
+ enjoy. So subject verb. But it has to be a
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:40:00,340 --> 00:40:05,380
1623
+ compound here. It will be something like I enjoy
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:40:05,380 --> 00:40:11,080
1627
+ reading a story.and I enjoyed reading the novel
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:40:11,080 --> 00:40:17,780
1631
+ and I enjoyed for example watching the film
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:40:35,550 --> 00:40:40,890
1635
+ and she baked a cake for everyone and she .. just
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:40:40,890 --> 00:40:44,730
1639
+ don't forget the second sentence and she baked the
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:40:44,730 --> 00:40:51,170
1643
+ cake or something like .. all right so she invited
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:40:51,170 --> 00:40:55,290
1647
+ .. so she invited everyone is that right? yes so
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:40:55,290 --> 00:40:59,450
1651
+ don't forget the comma so she invited
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:41:06,060 --> 00:41:10,380
1655
+ Okay so she invited everyone and finally second
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:41:10,380 --> 00:41:13,500
1659
+ last we fought yes please we fought a lot as
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:41:13,500 --> 00:41:15,820
1663
+ children but now we are really good friends but
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:41:15,820 --> 00:41:19,980
1667
+ now we are really good very nice sentence but now
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:41:19,980 --> 00:41:23,060
1671
+ we
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:41:23,060 --> 00:41:29,720
1675
+ are good friends yes we are good friends or good
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:34,020
1679
+ sisters okay okay
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:39,480
1683
+ and finally .. excuse me .. yes please some people
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:41:39,480 --> 00:41:42,440
1687
+ like watching TV but others like reading books but
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:41:42,440 --> 00:41:45,420
1691
+ others like .. prefer .. very nice .. others like
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:41:45,420 --> 00:41:49,300
1695
+ .. what was your sentence? some people like
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:41:49,300 --> 00:41:51,600
1699
+ watching TV but I prefer to read books but I
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:57,120
1703
+ prefer to read books but I prefer .. but others
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:41:57,120 --> 00:42:02,460
1707
+ prefer or like reading
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:42:04,110 --> 00:42:10,710
1711
+ reading for example books okay so now what we did
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:42:10,710 --> 00:42:15,110
1715
+ today is actually looking at the second type of
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:42:15,110 --> 00:42:18,390
1719
+ sentence structure which is the compound sentence
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:42:18,390 --> 00:42:22,420
1723
+ structure remember thisุฃุณู„ูˆุจ compound ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:42:22,420 --> 00:42:24,700
1727
+ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู†
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:42:24,700 --> 00:42:31,820
1731
+ ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู†
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:42:31,820 --> 00:42:41,020
1735
+ ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู†
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:42:46,470 --> 00:42:50,550
1739
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชูƒุชุจ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุฒูŠุฌ
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:42:50,550 --> 00:42:57,010
1743
+ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุฑุงู…ุŸ ููŠ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:42:57,010 --> 00:43:00,850
1747
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:43:00,850 --> 00:43:02,390
1751
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:43:02,390 --> 00:43:02,490
1755
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:43:02,490 --> 00:43:05,310
1759
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:43:05,310 --> 00:43:06,210
1763
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:43:06,210 --> 00:43:09,750
1767
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
1768
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,1832 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:22,520
3
+ All right ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… good morning how are you
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:25,680
7
+ today? Very good very good. All right today we're
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:29,080
11
+ looking at the second type of sentence structure.
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:32,780
15
+ Remember last weeks we talked about simple
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:32,780 --> 00:00:36,560
19
+ sentence structure and as you know it's not only
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:38,880
23
+ .. it's not good just to write simple sentences
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:42,480
27
+ but we have to useู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,480 --> 00:00:47,280
31
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:47,280 --> 00:00:56,320
35
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:57,140 --> 00:01:00,720
39
+ a sentence that has a subject and a verb
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:00,720 --> 00:01:05,000
43
+ relationship a subject and a verb for example I
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:09,080
47
+ live in Gaza city so at least every sentence must
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:12,420
51
+ have a subject and a verb combination and
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:12,420 --> 00:01:15,520
55
+ expresses a complete idea but as you know language
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:19,700
59
+ is not only composed ofุณูุฑ sentences we use
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:24,260
63
+ different structures so one second structure very
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,260 --> 00:01:28,720
67
+ common that we use is the compound sentence what
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,720 --> 00:01:33,780
71
+ is a compound sentence? it's basically two simple
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:33,780 --> 00:01:37,880
75
+ sentences that are joined together by a comma and
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:37,880 --> 00:01:40,940
79
+ a coordinating conjunction let's consider this
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:40,940 --> 00:01:42,040
83
+ example for instance
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:46,650 --> 00:01:52,370
87
+ notice that we joined them by the connector or the
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:52,370 --> 00:01:56,170
91
+ coordinating conjunction but .. so she works in
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:56,170 --> 00:01:59,990
95
+ the city but she lives in the suburb so we have
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,990 --> 00:02:02,570
99
+ simple sentence another simple sentence that is
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,570 --> 00:02:06,410
103
+ also both are joined by the connector or by
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,410 --> 00:02:09,980
107
+ something we call coordinating conjunctionand
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:09,980 --> 00:02:12,120
111
+ notice the punctuation here there is a comma
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:16,840
115
+ before the coordinator or the coordinating
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:20,020
119
+ conjunction before so this is what we call a
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:20,020 --> 00:02:22,940
123
+ compound sentence a combination of two simple
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,940 --> 00:02:26,320
127
+ sentences joined together by a linking word or a
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:29,600
131
+ coordinator okay this is also another example we
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:32,840
135
+ have a simple sentence here and also a simple
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:32,840 --> 00:02:35,680
139
+ sentence here and then we have a coordinating
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:39,930
143
+ conjunction for instancehe couldn't watch the show
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:39,930 --> 00:02:46,230
147
+ so he decided to tape it also another example he
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:46,230 --> 00:02:51,890
151
+ was poor but he learned happily or it was cold
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:56,310
155
+ outside so he got put on a heavy coat or you can
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:56,310 --> 00:03:00,410
159
+ attend a lesson or I will ask someone to attend on
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:00,410 --> 00:03:03,910
163
+ your behalf so what we see here are examples of
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:03,910 --> 00:03:07,370
167
+ comparative sentencestwo simple sentences again
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:07,370 --> 00:03:11,010
171
+ joined by one of these linking words or what we
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:11,010 --> 00:03:14,670
175
+ call coordinating conjunctions so what are these
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:14,670 --> 00:03:18,370
179
+ coordinating conjunctions at least we have seven
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:18,370 --> 00:03:21,070
183
+ of them alright and we should learn them we should
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:21,070 --> 00:03:25,010
187
+ know how to use them all all the time for instance
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:25,010 --> 00:03:29,410
191
+ we have and which is indicating an addition
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:29,410 --> 00:03:32,590
195
+ relationship so the second sentence is an addition
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:32,590 --> 00:03:34,750
199
+ to the first sentence
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:40,490 --> 00:03:43,370
203
+ Yet and but have the same meaning except yet
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:43,370 --> 00:03:46,550
207
+ sometimes or comes as for something we call
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:53,650
211
+ unexpected result. Unexpected result. We have a
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:53,650 --> 00:03:55,110
215
+ choice for example or
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:58,700 --> 00:04:03,220
219
+ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:03,220 --> 00:04:04,540
223
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:04,540 --> 00:04:05,460
227
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:05,460 --> 00:04:06,300
231
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:06,300 --> 00:04:08,780
235
+ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:08,780 --> 00:04:10,860
239
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:10,860 --> 00:04:15,280
243
+ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุชุชุฌุงุฑุจ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:24,360 --> 00:04:27,740
247
+ a compound sentence is basically a combination of
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:27,740 --> 00:04:31,460
251
+ two simple sentences joined by one of these seven
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:31,460 --> 00:04:39,620
255
+ coordinators or seven fanboys okay? also the
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:39,620 --> 00:04:44,320
259
+ punctuation is that why did we not put this
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:48,420
263
+ punctuation? did not put a comma here? the
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:48,420 --> 00:04:51,960
267
+ necklace was beautiful but expensive why did we
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:51,960 --> 00:04:53,260
271
+ not put a comma here?
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:55,990 --> 00:05:01,270
275
+ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:01,270 --> 00:05:09,450
279
+ ุนุงุฑูุฉit is not a compound sentence it is a simple
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:09,450 --> 00:05:13,910
283
+ sentence and but here is not joining two sentences
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:13,910 --> 00:05:17,390
287
+ it is just two words or two phrases but not two
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:17,390 --> 00:05:20,230
291
+ simple sentences and therefore there is no need
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:24,130
295
+ for a comma here so it is not that every time we
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:24,130 --> 00:05:26,710
299
+ see and or but we have to put comma we have to
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:29,430
303
+ look at the sentence structure if it is a compound
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:29,430 --> 00:05:33,010
307
+ then we put a comma and if it is not then there is
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:33,010 --> 00:05:37,190
311
+ no need for a wordis this clearุŸ yes all right
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:37,190 --> 00:05:41,690
315
+ let's just review very quickly the simplest
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:41,690 --> 00:05:44,110
319
+ sentence structure just we would like you to know
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:44,110 --> 00:05:46,650
323
+ the difference between or to recognize the
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:46,650 --> 00:05:51,020
327
+ difference between a simple sentence andู…ุน ู†ูุณู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:51,020 --> 00:05:57,660
331
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:57,660 --> 00:06:03,960
335
+ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ุงุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุชูˆู… ุฐู‡ุจูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุณุชุฑุฏุงู… ูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:08,360
339
+ ุฃุฒูˆุฑูˆุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŸ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:13,880
343
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:13,880 --> 00:06:19,000
347
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:19,130 --> 00:06:23,710
351
+ not two sentences okay all right let's look at
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:23,710 --> 00:06:28,910
355
+ page fifty four in your textbook page fifty four
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:28,910 --> 00:06:33,150
359
+ in your textbook all right and let's study these
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:33,150 --> 00:06:36,890
363
+ examples just to get you the idea in recognizing
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:36,890 --> 00:06:40,630
367
+ the differences between the two of them let's see
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:40,630 --> 00:06:43,310
371
+ at the table here just a second please just two
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:50,420
375
+ So what I just said sometimes I have a simple
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:50,420 --> 00:06:52,600
379
+ sentence with a compound verb or a compound
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:52,600 --> 00:06:55,820
383
+ subject and sometimes I have a compound sentence
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:55,820 --> 00:06:58,720
387
+ let's see the examples here simple sentence with a
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:58,720 --> 00:07:02,760
391
+ compound verb for example my family goes camping
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:02,760 --> 00:07:06,220
395
+ summer every summer and usually has fire so it is
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:06,220 --> 00:07:10,580
399
+ a simple sentence with an svv structure with the
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:10,580 --> 00:07:15,370
403
+ second one my family goes camping every summerand
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:15,370 --> 00:07:19,210
407
+ we usually have fun so it is a compound sentence
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:19,210 --> 00:07:26,030
411
+ with an sv and sv structure the second one simple
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:26,030 --> 00:07:29,630
415
+ sentence with a compound verb last year we went
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:29,630 --> 00:07:34,380
419
+ camping outbut had a terrible time all right so
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:34,380 --> 00:07:37,340
423
+ it's an svv whereas the compound sentence last
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:37,340 --> 00:07:41,100
427
+ year we went camping but everyone here is another
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:41,100 --> 00:07:45,260
431
+ sentence with another subject but everyone had a
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:45,260 --> 00:07:46,320
435
+ trouble time
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:50,390 --> 00:07:54,490
439
+ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุณู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจู…ุง ุณู†ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:54,490 --> 00:07:57,870
443
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:57,870 --> 00:08:11,830
447
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:23,480
451
+ and and so and so and so and so and so and so and
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:23,480 --> 00:08:25,340
455
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:25,340 --> 00:08:25,340
459
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:25,340 --> 00:08:25,340
463
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:25,340 --> 00:08:25,360
467
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:25,360 --> 00:08:25,560
471
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:25,560 --> 00:08:26,000
475
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:26,940
479
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:26,940 --> 00:08:28,880
483
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:28,880 --> 00:08:29,800
487
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:29,840
491
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:29,860
495
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:29,860 --> 00:08:30,600
499
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:30,660
503
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:30,660 --> 00:08:30,720
507
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:32,960
511
+ so and so and so and so and so and so and so and
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:34,260 --> 00:08:37,300
515
+ is it a simple sentence or a compound sentence
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:37,300 --> 00:08:42,900
519
+ structure and what is the formula is it an sv svv
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:42,900 --> 00:08:47,140
523
+ and so on yes please very quickly we have two
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:49,960
527
+ examples done for us for example a simple sentence
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:55,780
531
+ is the summers were hot and humid in my childhood
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:08:55,780 --> 00:08:58,640
535
+ so this is a simple sentence structure with an sv
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:02,830
539
+ subject verb meansWhereas the second one it's a
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:02,830 --> 00:09:05,710
543
+ compound sentence joined sorry two simple
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:05,710 --> 00:09:09,290
547
+ sentences joined by so every evening it was
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:09,290 --> 00:09:14,250
551
+ subject there so my sisters and I played subject
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:14,250 --> 00:09:14,890
555
+ subject
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:31,900
559
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:31,900 --> 00:09:35,920
563
+ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณ ูˆุฌูŠู‡ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:38,540
567
+ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:38,540 --> 00:09:39,120
571
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:40,540
575
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:40,540 --> 00:09:42,560
579
+ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:42,560 --> 00:09:44,100
583
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:44,100 --> 00:09:46,340
587
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:10,590 --> 00:10:20,630
591
+ ุฃุญุณู†ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:12,220
595
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ู…ู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฑู‚ู…
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:12,220 --> 00:11:18,840
599
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุฃุฌู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:23,680
603
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:23,680 --> 00:11:23,960
607
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:25,100
611
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:25,100 --> 00:11:25,360
615
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:33,020
619
+ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„ ุฃุฌู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:33,020 --> 00:11:35,740
623
+ ุฃู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:35,740 --> 00:11:37,760
627
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:38,600
631
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:38,640
635
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:40,000
639
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:41,460
643
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:41,460 --> 00:11:43,620
647
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:43,620 --> 00:11:44,480
651
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:44,680
655
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:44,680 --> 00:11:44,760
659
+ ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู… ู†ุนู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:48,730 --> 00:12:01,150
663
+ it's a compound sentence and it is an svr or svv
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:01,150 --> 00:12:04,650
667
+ is that right? yes okay and notice the punctuation
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:04,650 --> 00:12:12,210
671
+ over okay yes please over there please yes at the
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:12,210 --> 00:12:20,590
675
+ end simple sentence and the structure iswe caught
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:20,590 --> 00:12:28,690
679
+ fireflies number six we put fireflies in a glass
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:28,690 --> 00:12:32,230
683
+ jar and our father punched air holes in the metal
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:41,110
687
+ lid it's a compound and the structure is svmc
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:45,700 --> 00:12:53,380
691
+ and our father punch etc number seven number seven
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:53,380 --> 00:12:56,700
695
+ yes please my sister were afraid of most bugs but
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:56,700 --> 00:13:00,920
699
+ they love fireflies compound sentence structure sv
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:05,780
703
+ my sister were but they not so it's a compound sv
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:05,780 --> 00:13:09,460
707
+ but sv
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:09,460 --> 00:13:14,920
711
+ all right but they not it's a subject verb yes
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:14,920 --> 00:13:21,600
715
+ pleasewe usually went together at night but we
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:26,180
719
+ stayed up at night or on really warm evenings it's
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:26,180 --> 00:13:34,760
723
+ a compound sentence structure sv but sv very good
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:38,060
727
+ and the second last yes please over there
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:41,450 --> 00:13:44,090
731
+ it's a simple sentence very nice it's a simple
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:44,090 --> 00:13:48,190
735
+ sentence very nice it's a simple sentence very
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:48,190 --> 00:13:50,410
739
+ nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:50,410 --> 00:13:51,090
743
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:51,090 --> 00:13:51,790
747
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:51,790 --> 00:13:51,790
751
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:51,790 --> 00:13:51,790
755
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:51,790 --> 00:13:51,790
759
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:51,790 --> 00:13:51,830
763
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:51,830 --> 00:13:52,410
767
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:52,410 --> 00:13:52,410
771
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:52,410 --> 00:13:52,410
775
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:52,410 --> 00:13:52,410
779
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:52,410 --> 00:13:52,410
783
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:52,410 --> 00:13:52,710
787
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:52,710 --> 00:13:52,930
791
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:52,930 --> 00:13:52,930
795
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:52,930 --> 00:13:54,590
799
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:54,590 --> 00:13:54,830
803
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:13:54,830 --> 00:13:55,350
807
+ simple sentence very nice it's a simple sentence
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:13:55,350 --> 00:13:58,450
811
+ very nice it's a simple sentence very nice it's a
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:13:58,450 --> 00:14:03,890
815
+ simple sentence very
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:03,890 --> 00:14:08,630
819
+ niceit's a compound is that correct? yes with an
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:08,630 --> 00:14:13,010
823
+ order or imperative structure so it's an compound
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:13,010 --> 00:14:22,350
827
+ sv but sv okay because it's the as we said before
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:22,350 --> 00:14:27,030
831
+ the subject is not stated clearly the subject is
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:32,350
835
+ originally you come inside now and you leave the
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:32,350 --> 00:14:39,240
839
+ firefliesุงู„ุงู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตูุญู‡
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:46,280
843
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตูุญู‡ 55 ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:46,280 --> 00:14:51,600
847
+ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุตูุญู‡ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:51,600 --> 00:14:57,060
851
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุถุญูƒุฉุŸ ูˆ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:57,060 --> 00:15:00,800
855
+ ุงุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููˆุฑู…ูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ sv ุงูˆ svvุŸ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:15,210 --> 00:15:25,770
859
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ุŸ ู†ู‚ูˆู…
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:25,770 --> 00:15:25,770
863
+ ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:45,940
867
+ ู…ุด ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุŒ ุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ุด ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:45,940 --> 00:15:52,600
871
+ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:52,600 --> 00:16:01,180
875
+ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ ู…ูˆุธูุŒ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:07,830 --> 00:16:35,710
879
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูˆู
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:02,460 --> 00:17:06,860
883
+ So decide very quickly if the sentence is simple
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:06,860 --> 00:17:09,580
887
+ or compound structure and decide what is the
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:09,580 --> 00:17:13,100
891
+ formula here what is the formula we are talking
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:13,100 --> 00:17:13,800
895
+ about here
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:17,620
899
+ all right let's see the first one yes please over
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:17,620 --> 00:18:27,560
903
+ there yes Emel teenagers find oh
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:32,000
907
+ so the first sentence is it simple or compound?
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:32,360 --> 00:18:36,240
911
+ it's a simple sentence okay it's a simple sentence
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:41,900
915
+ with m s p slash teenagers find all right the
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:41,900 --> 00:18:48,170
919
+ second onethe second one yes please purple
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:48,170 --> 00:18:55,250
923
+ or gold it's a compound ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง it's a compound
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:01,090 --> 00:19:05,770
927
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŸ ู‡ู… ุงูŠุถุง ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุฑุฃุณู‡ู… ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:05,770 --> 00:19:09,690
931
+ ุจุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุฑู…ุฒ ููŠ ุฑุฃุณู‡ู…. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:09,690 --> 00:19:13,970
935
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ. ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:13,970 --> 00:19:13,990
939
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:13,990 --> 00:19:15,590
943
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:15,590 --> 00:19:18,650
947
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:18,650 --> 00:19:29,230
951
+ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉุŒ ู…
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:44,090
955
+ they spend subject verb yes please it's
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:44,090 --> 00:19:48,730
959
+ a compound Venice so it's a compound Venice it's a
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:48,730 --> 00:19:52,950
963
+ compound but and notice the comma here but they
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:52,950 --> 00:19:56,970
967
+ they don't have time subject verb very good very
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:56,970 --> 00:20:02,330
971
+ good yes pleaseAlso they are always too busy to
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:02,330 --> 00:20:04,750
975
+ clean up their rooms but they are never too busy
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:04,750 --> 00:20:09,490
979
+ to clean up the refrigerator by eating something.
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:10,030 --> 00:20:20,950
983
+ It's a compound. It's a compound but they are
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:20,950 --> 00:20:25,150
987
+ never too busy to clean up the refrigerator by
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:25,150 --> 00:20:29,910
991
+ eating everything.finally they are old enough to
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:29,910 --> 00:20:33,750
995
+ drive but too young to pay for gas simple sentence
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:39,290
999
+ is that correct? yes why? because but here it is
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:39,290 --> 00:20:42,070
1003
+ not a sentence or a simple sentence chapter but
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:42,070 --> 00:20:45,450
1007
+ it's not connecting two sentences this is too
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:45,450 --> 00:20:49,930
1011
+ young it's a phrase it's a phrase so it's still a
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:49,930 --> 00:20:54,200
1015
+ simple sentencenot two simple sentences joined
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:58,240
1019
+ together by but yes very nice. They are usually
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:01,220
1023
+ Greeks so they always return the family car with
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:01,220 --> 00:21:04,420
1027
+ an empty gas tank a compound sentence. It's a
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:04,420 --> 00:21:11,570
1031
+ compound sentence joined very nice.So they always
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:11,570 --> 00:21:16,190
1035
+ return it's a subject word formula so it's still a
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:16,190 --> 00:21:22,070
1039
+ compound sentence and finally yes please it's
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:22,070 --> 00:21:28,690
1043
+ even harderit's a compound sentence joined by but
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:28,690 --> 00:21:33,130
1047
+ but it is even harder very good alright so it's a
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:33,130 --> 00:21:36,230
1051
+ compound sentence so I want you to keep this
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:36,230 --> 00:21:39,530
1055
+ understanding as you write your sentences not only
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:39,530 --> 00:21:41,990
1059
+ write simple sentences but try to join some of
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:41,990 --> 00:21:45,710
1063
+ these sentences into compound ones alright now
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:45,710 --> 00:21:50,760
1067
+ let's do some more practice on this andTry to form
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:50,760 --> 00:21:55,900
1071
+ compound sentences by joining each pair of sample
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:55,900 --> 00:22:00,900
1075
+ sentences together using any of these fanboys, any
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:00,900 --> 00:22:04,820
1079
+ of these connectors that we talked about and for
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:04,820 --> 00:22:08,820
1083
+ and but not yet or and so
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:18,280
1087
+ join each pair of sentences to form a compound
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:43,630 --> 00:22:47,750
1091
+ And remember to put the comma where necessary,
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:47,870 --> 00:22:50,330
1095
+ don't forget the punctuation for compound
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:50,330 --> 00:22:54,470
1099
+ sentences.So it's the fanboy is connected is
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:54,470 --> 00:22:56,330
1103
+ preceded by a comma
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:30,390 --> 00:23:33,190
1107
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุตุฑ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:51,370 --> 00:23:52,870
1111
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:08,430 --> 00:24:12,170
1115
+ All right, are we done? Yes, the first one. Yes
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:12,170 --> 00:24:16,450
1119
+ please.ุงู„ู„ูŠ works mostly .. but he plays well.
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:17,690 --> 00:24:21,890
1123
+ Very nice.
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:22,010 --> 00:24:25,210
1127
+ Yes number two.He must obey me, so I will punish
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:25,210 --> 00:24:28,870
1131
+ him. So I'll punish him because he obeyed me now
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:28,870 --> 00:24:34,830
1135
+ actually. Or I will punish .. or. Is that right?
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:34,990 --> 00:24:37,690
1139
+ Yes, or I'll punish him. It makes sense now. Yes
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:37,690 --> 00:24:37,970
1143
+ please.
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:42,600 --> 00:24:45,520
1147
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:45,800
1151
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:49,620
1155
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:49,620 --> 00:24:55,060
1159
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:55,060 --> 00:24:59,380
1163
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:59,380 --> 00:25:01,420
1167
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:01,420 --> 00:25:08,480
1171
+ ุจุงุฑูŠ ู†ูŠุณุŒ ุจุงุฑูŠ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:11,380
1175
+ ู†ูŠุณุŒ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:20,860
1179
+ very nice and she paints well and number seven yes
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:20,860 --> 00:25:27,520
1183
+ please he has done his best, and his brother has
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:32,180
1187
+ done his best too all right let's just complete
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:32,180 --> 00:25:36,980
1191
+ the remaining sentences the same idea just to join
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:37,630 --> 00:25:42,190
1195
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุชุฌุนู„ ุฃูƒู„ ุฃุฑุฏู† ุฃูƒู„ ูุฑุฏ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:02,540 --> 00:26:10,620
1199
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดุชุบู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:10,620 --> 00:26:23,760
1203
+ ุงูŠู‡
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:23,760 --> 00:26:27,220
1207
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุดุชุบู„
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:35,150 --> 00:26:41,730
1211
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:41,730 --> 00:26:44,210
1215
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุดุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุฑุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:49,330 --> 00:26:53,790
1219
+ ุฎู„ุงุตุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ .. ู†ุนู… ุจูุถู„ .. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ .. ุงู„ูุชู‰ ูŠู†ุงู…
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:53,790 --> 00:27:04,430
1223
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆ ูŠู†ุงู… ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:04,430 --> 00:27:10,910
1227
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:10,910 --> 00:27:11,690
1231
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:11,690 --> 00:27:12,150
1235
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:12,150 --> 00:27:13,170
1239
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:13,170
1243
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:13,170
1247
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:13,170
1251
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:13,170
1255
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:13,170 --> 00:27:18,670
1259
+ .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู… .. ู†ุนู…
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:21,780 --> 00:27:30,180
1263
+ But he has read the book. But she couldn't find
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:30,180 --> 00:27:38,180
1267
+ the book. But she couldn't find the road and she
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:38,180 --> 00:27:46,620
1271
+ shouted for help but no one heard her. And finally
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:53,230 --> 00:27:58,550
1275
+ So I decided to take a break. So I decided to take
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:58,550 --> 00:28:01,430
1279
+ a break. This is clear? Yes. All right. Now let's
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:28:01,430 --> 00:28:05,070
1283
+ go back to our textbook on page fifty seven. Yes
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:05,070 --> 00:28:12,030
1287
+ please.and exercise with practice 10 it's the same
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:12,030 --> 00:28:16,050
1291
+ idea like here we're going to do more practice and
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:16,050 --> 00:28:19,110
1295
+ this time joining each pair of sentences on page
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:19,110 --> 00:28:25,730
1299
+ 58 and 59 using any of these connectors and for
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:25,730 --> 00:28:30,830
1303
+ but so yet and so and so on this is exam number
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:30,830 --> 00:28:33,640
1307
+ one at the bottom of the pageCanada has two
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:36,580
1311
+ official languages. Everyone is printed in both
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:36,580 --> 00:28:40,020
1315
+ English and French. Joining them together would be
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:40,020 --> 00:28:42,360
1319
+ something like Canada has two official languages.
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:43,260 --> 00:28:46,980
1323
+ So everything is printed in both English and
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:46,980 --> 00:28:52,300
1327
+ French. All right? Now page fifty-eight. Just do
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:52,300 --> 00:28:55,600
1331
+ the same. All right? Join each two simple
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:58,180
1335
+ sentences into a compound word.
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:27,690 --> 00:29:29,330
1339
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:33,160 --> 00:29:40,340
1343
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดุชุบู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:40,340 --> 00:29:49,440
1347
+ ุงุดุชุบู„
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:30:11,810 --> 00:30:13,210
1351
+ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:59,740
1355
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุดุงูŠู ุงุณู…ู‡ ุจุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุดุนุงุฑ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:30:59,740 --> 00:31:04,100
1359
+ ุงูุชุชุญ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงูˆ ุงูุชุชุญ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:04,100 --> 00:31:08,440
1363
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:08,440 --> 00:31:10,600
1367
+ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู…
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:32,230 --> 00:31:40,210
1371
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:40,210 --> 00:31:44,030
1375
+ ููŠู‡ุง
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:44,030 --> 00:31:48,010
1379
+ ุงู†ุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:48,010 --> 00:31:51,730
1383
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:51,730 --> 00:31:54,610
1387
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ููŠู‡ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:06,420
1391
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:32:06,420 --> 00:32:07,200
1395
+ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:32:35,820 --> 00:32:44,300
1399
+ all right all right yes please yes sureThere are
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:44,300 --> 00:32:46,900
1403
+ several hundred languages in the world but not all
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:50,380
1407
+ of them have written for.There are several hundred
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:50,380 --> 00:32:52,760
1411
+ languages in the world but not all of them have
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:52,760 --> 00:33:03,200
1415
+ written for. But English
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:07,520
1419
+ is
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:33:07,520 --> 00:33:09,200
1423
+ spoken in more countries.
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:33:18,920 --> 00:33:22,640
1427
+ very nice and is more of an addition here and how
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:33:22,640 --> 00:33:27,060
1431
+ we can use but by thinking of it as more of an
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:33:27,060 --> 00:33:29,280
1435
+ addition the second sentence is an addition to the
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:33:29,280 --> 00:33:36,060
1439
+ first yes please only
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:33:36,060 --> 00:33:40,140
1443
+ use only about ten thousand of them very nice but
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:33:40,140 --> 00:33:44,620
1447
+ most people use only ten thousand of them number
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:44,620 --> 00:33:51,610
1451
+ sevenChinese has many different dialects so
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:51,610 --> 00:33:54,330
1455
+ Chinese people cannot always understand each
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:54,330 --> 00:33:57,690
1459
+ other. So Chinese people cannot always .. yes it's
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:57,690 --> 00:34:01,030
1463
+ more than result. So Chinese people cannot always
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:34:01,030 --> 00:34:04,450
1467
+ use them. French used to be the language of
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:34:04,450 --> 00:34:08,830
1471
+ international diplomacy but now it is English. But
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:34:08,830 --> 00:34:11,030
1475
+ now .. and now .. but it's very nice.
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:34:15,090 --> 00:34:17,450
1479
+ International campus are growing so they will soon
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:17,450 --> 00:34:20,870
1483
+ need more lingual articles. So they will soon very
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:20,870 --> 00:34:26,780
1487
+ good. So they will soon need more. And finallyูŠุนู†ูŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:26,780 --> 00:34:29,100
1491
+ people should know a second language or they will
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:29,100 --> 00:34:32,040
1495
+ be at a disadvantage in the international job
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:32,040 --> 00:34:35,480
1499
+ market. So it's more of or. Yes, very good. Or
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:35,480 --> 00:34:37,940
1503
+ they will be at a disadvantage in the
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:37,940 --> 00:34:42,880
1507
+ international job market. Very nice. Okay. Now
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:45,960
1511
+ let's conclude with this activity. What I'd like
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:50,220
1515
+ you to do is to complete the following compound
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:50,220 --> 00:34:52,560
1519
+ sentences. Alright? Yes.
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:56,460 --> 00:35:01,260
1523
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุงุช ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุถูŠู ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ูˆ ุชู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:01,260 --> 00:35:06,320
1527
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุถูŠู ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:29,430 --> 00:35:33,430
1531
+ it's very much like but but it's sort of used as
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:33,430 --> 00:35:36,410
1535
+ an expected thing, unexpected
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:38,580 --> 00:35:42,020
1539
+ ู…ุด ุบุงู„ุจ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:42,020 --> 00:35:45,760
1543
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:49,060
1547
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:49,060 --> 00:35:49,360
1551
+ ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:49,360 --> 00:35:50,420
1555
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:50,420 --> 00:35:50,800
1559
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:35:50,800 --> 00:35:51,040
1563
+ ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:51,200
1567
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:35:51,200 --> 00:35:56,180
1571
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:35:56,180 --> 00:36:00,700
1575
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู†
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:00,700 --> 00:36:00,700
1579
+ ุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:05,210 --> 00:36:05,850
1583
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ููŠู‡
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:48,620
1587
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงู…ุด like me ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:48,620 --> 00:36:54,100
1591
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:54,100 --> 00:36:57,220
1595
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:57,220 --> 00:37:09,820
1599
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:37:36,780 --> 00:37:39,580
1603
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:38:14,880 --> 00:38:18,420
1607
+ Are we finishedุŸ Yes. Very. Very good. All right.
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:38:18,680 --> 00:38:21,100
1611
+ Let's see the first one. It's warm out today so
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:38:21,100 --> 00:38:27,120
1615
+ let's go to the park. So let's go to the park this
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:29,260
1619
+ afternoon. Yes ma'am it's the second part.
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:38:41,170 --> 00:38:47,090
1623
+ often recommend it number three number three yes
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:38:47,090 --> 00:38:49,830
1627
+ please the waves were high and rough yet I was
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:38:49,830 --> 00:38:53,910
1631
+ able to swim yet I was able to swim or is there
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:38:53,910 --> 00:38:57,970
1635
+ another answer yet I went swimming very nice the
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:38:57,970 --> 00:39:06,710
1639
+ waves were high and rough yet I went swimming yet
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:39:06,710 --> 00:39:09,030
1643
+ I went swimming okay
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:39:16,880 --> 00:39:22,000
1647
+ we will go on a picnic, we will go to have fun in
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:29,520
1651
+ the city so we will go out .. we will go out
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:32,520
1655
+ alright or we will have to the beach or something
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:36,740
1659
+ very nice yes please I really enjoy reading the
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:39:36,740 --> 00:39:42,960
1663
+ novel and writing the storyI really enjoyed
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:46,080
1667
+ reading the novel and writing the stories. Is it
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:39:46,080 --> 00:39:49,160
1671
+ simple or compound? It's more of a simple sentence
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:52,460
1675
+ because we're talking about the same subject. I
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:39:52,460 --> 00:39:57,020
1679
+ really enjoy and it's the same subject. I really
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:39:57,020 --> 00:40:00,340
1683
+ enjoy. So subject verb. But it has to be a
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:40:00,340 --> 00:40:05,380
1687
+ compound here. It will be something like I enjoy
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:40:05,380 --> 00:40:11,080
1691
+ reading a story.and I enjoyed reading the novel
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:40:11,080 --> 00:40:17,780
1695
+ and I enjoyed for example watching the film
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:40:35,550 --> 00:40:40,890
1699
+ and she baked a cake for everyone and she .. just
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:40:40,890 --> 00:40:44,730
1703
+ don't forget the second sentence and she baked the
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:40:44,730 --> 00:40:51,170
1707
+ cake or something like .. all right so she invited
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:40:51,170 --> 00:40:55,290
1711
+ .. so she invited everyone is that right? yes so
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:40:55,290 --> 00:40:59,450
1715
+ don't forget the comma so she invited
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:41:06,060 --> 00:41:10,380
1719
+ Okay so she invited everyone and finally second
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:41:10,380 --> 00:41:13,500
1723
+ last we fought yes please we fought a lot as
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:41:13,500 --> 00:41:15,820
1727
+ children but now we are really good friends but
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:41:15,820 --> 00:41:19,980
1731
+ now we are really good very nice sentence but now
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:41:19,980 --> 00:41:23,060
1735
+ we
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:41:23,060 --> 00:41:29,720
1739
+ are good friends yes we are good friends or good
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:34,020
1743
+ sisters okay okay
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:39,480
1747
+ and finally .. excuse me .. yes please some people
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:41:39,480 --> 00:41:42,440
1751
+ like watching TV but others like reading books but
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:41:42,440 --> 00:41:45,420
1755
+ others like .. prefer .. very nice .. others like
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:41:45,420 --> 00:41:49,300
1759
+ .. what was your sentence? some people like
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:41:49,300 --> 00:41:51,600
1763
+ watching TV but I prefer to read books but I
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:41:51,600 --> 00:41:57,120
1767
+ prefer to read books but I prefer .. but others
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:41:57,120 --> 00:42:02,460
1771
+ prefer or like reading
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:42:04,110 --> 00:42:10,710
1775
+ reading for example books okay so now what we did
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:42:10,710 --> 00:42:15,110
1779
+ today is actually looking at the second type of
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:42:15,110 --> 00:42:18,390
1783
+ sentence structure which is the compound sentence
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:42:18,390 --> 00:42:22,420
1787
+ structure remember thisุฃุณู„ูˆุจ compound ู‡ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:42:22,420 --> 00:42:24,700
1791
+ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู†
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:42:24,700 --> 00:42:31,820
1795
+ ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู† ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู†
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:42:31,820 --> 00:42:41,020
1799
+ ู…ุฌู„ุณูŠู†
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:42:46,470 --> 00:42:50,550
1803
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชูƒุชุจ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุฒูŠุฌ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:42:50,550 --> 00:42:57,010
1807
+ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุฑุงู…ุŸ ููŠ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:42:57,010 --> 00:43:00,850
1811
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:43:00,850 --> 00:43:02,390
1815
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:43:02,390 --> 00:43:02,490
1819
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:43:02,490 --> 00:43:05,310
1823
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:43:05,310 --> 00:43:06,210
1827
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:43:06,210 --> 00:43:09,750
1831
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
1832
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/9pEwA-sDNQM_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:23,620
3
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morningุŒ how are you todayุŸ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:26,380
7
+ very goodุŒ very goodุŒ all right let's today
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,380 --> 00:00:30,760
11
+ continue talking about descriptive paragraphs and
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:34,000
15
+ last time we addressed the .. the .. some of the
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,840
19
+ features of good descriptive writing, today we
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:42,300
23
+ continue and talking especially on describing
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:42,300 --> 00:00:47,360
27
+ places or what we call description in terms of
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:54,020
31
+ spatialู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุณู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:54,020 --> 00:00:55,900
35
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:55,900 --> 00:00:58,440
39
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,440 --> 00:00:58,540
43
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,540 --> 00:00:58,820
47
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:58,820 --> 00:00:59,560
51
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:02,980
55
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:02,980 --> 00:01:14,680
59
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:21,200
63
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:29,640
67
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุซู… ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู†
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:37,260
71
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:37,260 --> 00:01:40,140
75
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:40,140 --> 00:01:44,080
79
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:44,080 --> 00:01:46,140
83
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:47,660
87
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:47,660 --> 00:01:50,640
91
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:56,040
95
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุญูŠุซ ู†ุณู…ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† .. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:56,040 --> 00:02:01,320
99
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฃุฏู…ุฒ ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุณุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:06,960
103
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน .. ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆ ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:10,500
107
+ ูŠุญูุธ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… .. ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุณุฉ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,500 --> 00:02:18,360
111
+ ..ู†ุฑู‰ ุชู† ุจูˆุณุชุฑ ููŠ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุฑูŠุงู†ุจูˆู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:24,040
115
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:28,900
119
+ ูƒุฑุชูŠู† ุจู„ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:34,220
123
+ ู†ุฑู‰ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฑูŠูƒุชุงู†ุฌูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:34,220 --> 00:02:39,480
127
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ุฃุฏู… ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:43,680
131
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทindicating describing a location to the left
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:48,780
135
+ to the right in the back in the front and so and
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:48,780 --> 00:02:54,630
139
+ so on all right okayู„ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:54,630 --> 00:02:59,890
143
+ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ูƒูŠู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุถุน .. ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุถุน .. ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:59,890 --> 00:03:01,170
147
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:01,170 --> 00:03:01,830
151
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:01,830 --> 00:03:03,050
155
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:03,050 --> 00:03:04,410
159
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:04,410 --> 00:03:05,030
163
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:05,030 --> 00:03:13,130
167
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:13,130 --> 00:03:16,370
171
+ ุงู„
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:44,700 --> 00:04:47,480
175
+ All right, if we look at this paragraph, what is
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:51,780
179
+ this special order used in describing my favorite
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:51,780 --> 00:04:56,000
183
+ cafe, my favorite place to relax? Yes please. From
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:59,040
187
+ outside to inside. From first, from outside to
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:59,040 --> 00:05:01,340
191
+ inside. How do you know about this? First it
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:01,340 --> 00:05:04,280
195
+ started with the street. With the scene of the
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:09,500
199
+ street. For example, this cafe is on a small side
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:12,200
203
+ street and as soon as you see it, you are still
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:16,870
207
+ outside.ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุถูˆุก ูŠุฐู‡ุจุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุงู†ุง ู…ุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:16,870 --> 00:05:21,030
211
+ ุฒู„ุช ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:21,030 --> 00:05:26,830
215
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠู‡. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:26,830 --> 00:05:31,310
219
+ ุฌุงู†ุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุจุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจู‚ุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุฃุจูˆุงุจ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:31,310 --> 00:05:36,370
223
+ ุจู„ุงุก ูˆุฑู…ูˆุฒ.There is a small wooden door that opens
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:39,370
227
+ into the cafe, not as if I'm still outside the
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:39,370 --> 00:05:43,090
231
+ cafe, opens into, not outside, out of the cafe.
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:43,470 --> 00:05:48,830
235
+ And as soon as you go in, you can see aุฃูˆ ุนุดุงู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:48,830 --> 00:05:49,790
239
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:49,790 --> 00:05:50,510
243
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:50,510 --> 00:05:50,850
247
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:50,850 --> 00:05:51,810
251
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:51,810 --> 00:05:54,830
255
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:54,830 --> 00:05:59,630
259
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:59,630 --> 00:06:00,710
263
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:11,450 --> 00:06:15,410
267
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:15,410 --> 00:06:19,290
271
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:19,290 --> 00:06:20,190
275
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:20,190 --> 00:06:20,510
279
+ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:20,510 --> 00:06:21,050
283
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:21,050 --> 00:06:21,770
287
+ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:21,770 --> 00:06:29,670
291
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:29,670 --> 00:06:34,130
295
+ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:34,380 --> 00:06:39,640
299
+ ูˆ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆุตูุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:45,740
303
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุฃูˆ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:45,740 --> 00:06:48,900
307
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุชูƒู„ูŠู ู…ูƒุงู†ุŸ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:48,900 --> 00:06:54,200
311
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ุฃูˆ ู†ูƒุชุจ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:54,200 --> 00:07:01,790
315
+ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰a room for example on
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:01,790 --> 00:07:04,930
319
+ the bottom of something, next to, above, below,
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:05,250 --> 00:07:09,790
323
+ underneath, across, to the right, to the left, in
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:09,790 --> 00:07:12,550
327
+ the middle of something, across, around, between
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:12,550 --> 00:07:15,110
331
+ and behind so these are some transitions some
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:15,110 --> 00:07:17,690
335
+ prepositions and prepositional phrases that we can
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:17,690 --> 00:07:25,370
339
+ use to describe or locate things in spaceุนู†ุฏู…ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:25,370 --> 00:07:30,990
343
+ ู†ูุณุฑ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:30,990 --> 00:07:44,050
347
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:44,050 --> 00:07:50,730
351
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุนุทูŠูƒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:50,730 --> 00:07:55,030
355
+ ูƒุงู…ุฉุŒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู‡ู…ูƒุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูƒุชุจุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:55,030 --> 00:08:00,630
359
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ุงุจุชุฑูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุตุตูŠุชูŠ ู…ู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:00,630 --> 00:08:05,920
363
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ูŠุฉุŸhow it is my
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:05,920 --> 00:08:09,240
367
+ shelter, how it is my refuge from .. that is to
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:13,920
371
+ say it's a safe secure place for me for example
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:19,760
375
+ the campus of our university is like a small city
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:24,400
379
+ or the cafeteria at lunch time is the school's
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:27,640
383
+ social center so we have here the topic centers
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:32,050
387
+ naming the topic my bedroomุงู„ูƒุงู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงููŠุชูŠุฑูŠุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:32,050 --> 00:08:35,310
391
+ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:35,310 --> 00:08:38,730
395
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:38,730 --> 00:08:40,270
399
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:40,270 --> 00:08:50,710
403
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:57,570 --> 00:09:00,550
407
+ what you would include in describing or talking
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:00,550 --> 00:09:04,670
411
+ about this topic sentence the park near my house
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:04,670 --> 00:09:11,430
415
+ is full of activity on a sunny weekend afternoon
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:11,430 --> 00:09:15,810
419
+ okay so I'd like you to give me some details as to
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:15,810 --> 00:09:19,030
423
+ what you would include for this topic sentence
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:19,030 --> 00:09:23,910
427
+ okay the park near my house is full of activity on
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:23,910 --> 00:09:28,050
431
+ a sunny weekend afternoonWhat would you include as
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:28,050 --> 00:09:30,310
435
+ details for this topic sentence? Please
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:59,160 --> 00:10:02,320
439
+ So you can describe what people are doing, what
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:10:02,320 --> 00:10:08,820
443
+ things are there in that place and so on, plants,
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:10:09,020 --> 00:10:13,960
447
+ gardens, children, so a lot of things that you can
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:13,960 --> 00:10:16,280
451
+ talk about, what sort of details you can include
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:17,740
455
+ in describing this place
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:27,040
459
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ .. ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ .. ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:11:52,700 --> 00:11:55,940
463
+ All right let's see what sort of details that
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:11:55,940 --> 00:11:59,380
467
+ would you use to describe this place, this part
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:59,380 --> 00:12:03,910
471
+ that is full of life, that is full of activityA
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:06,370
475
+ lot of families go there to have more relax. So
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:12:06,370 --> 00:12:09,950
479
+ very nice, there are a lot of families going there
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:13,390
483
+ with their children in their park. Very nice, yes
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:12:13,390 --> 00:12:16,550
487
+ please. It also has a pool on it. There is a pool,
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:12:16,650 --> 00:12:19,350
491
+ there is a big pool, a large swimming pool in the
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:12:19,350 --> 00:12:23,750
495
+ middle for example where children and people are
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:27,090
499
+ swimming and having fun. Very nice, yes please.
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:27,150 --> 00:12:29,450
503
+ The children can play in the back of the car.
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:29,650 --> 00:12:34,790
507
+ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุฃูˆ ุญูˆู„ ุฌุงู†ุจ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:34,790 --> 00:12:39,730
511
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ุŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุดุฎุต ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .. ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ..
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:39,730 --> 00:12:46,170
515
+ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ .. ูƒู„ุงูˆู† ุชู‚ุตุฏุชุŸ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูƒู„ุงูˆู† ูŠู„ุนุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:46,170 --> 00:12:49,930
519
+ ูˆ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ูŠุถุญูƒูˆุง ูˆ ูŠู…ุชุนูˆุงุŒ ู†ุนู… ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู…ู†
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:52,230
523
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู… ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ swings ูˆ ุงู„ู€slides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:52,230 --> 00:12:55,430
527
+ ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฌู…ูŠู„ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:55,430 --> 00:12:58,810
531
+ ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ swings ูˆ ุงู„ู€slides ูˆ ูŠุญุตู„ูˆุงู…ู…ุชุงุฒ.
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:59,030 --> 00:13:02,630
535
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:02,630 --> 00:13:07,230
539
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ.
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:07,370 --> 00:13:11,210
543
+ ูˆ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุณุฉ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:11,210 --> 00:13:16,430
547
+ ุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ูƒ ู…ุฑุญุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช. ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฌู…ูŠู„. ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:16,430 --> 00:13:20,520
551
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ.ุฃุดุนุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:24,940
555
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู…ุชุน ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ุชุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:24,940 --> 00:13:28,800
559
+ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:34,000
563
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:39,620
567
+ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูุŒ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:39,620 --> 00:13:43,200
571
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒOkay? So always have
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:45,360
575
+ this kind of organization because this is very
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:48,520
579
+ important. It makes your writing neat and well
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:52,100
583
+ organized. All right? Let's see. All right? Now,
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:52,160 --> 00:13:54,780
587
+ we're going to do this writing activity. All
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:54,780 --> 00:13:57,640
591
+ right? And I'd like you to think about completing
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:57,640 --> 00:13:59,600
595
+ this paragraph. For example, let's see the
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:03,200
599
+ paragraph here. My mother's kitchen is not very
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:08,260
603
+ big, but it is warm and comfortable. What is the
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:08,260 --> 00:14:13,450
607
+ controlling idea here?ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:13,450 --> 00:14:20,690
611
+ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:21,790 --> 00:14:25,030
615
+ ูƒุชุดู†ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุชDescribing ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู…ู†
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:25,030 --> 00:14:27,550
619
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:27,550 --> 00:14:31,670
623
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:33,890
627
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:33,890 --> 00:14:40,730
631
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู…ูƒ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุชูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุดู† ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:40,730 --> 00:14:46,270
635
+ ุฐู„ูƒ.ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนูŠุด ุจุนูŠุฏุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃููƒุฑ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:46,270 --> 00:14:51,650
639
+ ููŠmy mother's kitchen. So let's spend five minutes
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:51,650 --> 00:14:55,650
643
+ trying to complete this paragraph talking about my
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:55,650 --> 00:14:56,990
647
+ mother's kitchen
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:15:15,060 --> 00:15:16,100
651
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ุŸ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:05,250 --> 00:16:05,590
655
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:55,500
659
+ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุงูุชุฏุช ู‡ู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:24,980 --> 00:17:43,840
663
+ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠุฉ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:16,000
667
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒูˆุฑุฉุŸ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:22,860
671
+ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒูˆุฑุฉุŸ ู„ุนู†ุฉุŸ ู„ุนู†ุฉุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุนู†ุฉุŸ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:24,620 --> 00:18:35,640
675
+ ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู… ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู… ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู…
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:46,720
679
+ ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู…
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:56,620 --> 00:19:02,400
683
+ ุจุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฐุงุช ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุจู‚ู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:03,860
687
+ ุงุฑูˆุงุญ ูˆุบูŠุธุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:19:32,340 --> 00:19:35,100
691
+ All right, it's all right, let's see. Let's just
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:19:35,100 --> 00:19:38,420
695
+ get some ideas, some answers of your .. some
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:19:38,420 --> 00:19:42,020
699
+ examples of your writings. Yes please. Can I ..
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:42,020 --> 00:19:45,060
703
+ can I take .. You just .. you just read it very
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:45,060 --> 00:19:49,590
707
+ quickly please.ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃู…ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุฑู…ูˆุด
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:49,590 --> 00:19:53,710
711
+ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ. ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃู…ูŠ ุชุทุจุฎุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:53,710 --> 00:19:57,330
715
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฎู„ูู‡ุง. ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:57,330 --> 00:20:00,390
719
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ. ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก ุจุฌุงู†ุจ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:00,390 --> 00:20:09,030
723
+ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ุฏ. ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุจุงุจ. ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:09,030 --> 00:20:12,590
727
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:20:12,590 --> 00:20:13,250
731
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:13,250 --> 00:20:15,570
735
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:15,570 --> 00:20:18,770
739
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆูˆููŠ some .. some things in the
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:18,770 --> 00:20:21,590
743
+ kitchen. Who would like to have a go at and show
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:21,590 --> 00:20:25,190
747
+ and just let's .. let's listen to you please.and
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:25,190 --> 00:20:27,590
751
+ my mother's kitchen is not very big but it's warm
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:27,590 --> 00:20:30,650
755
+ and comfortable to the left lies a dining table
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:30,650 --> 00:20:34,110
759
+ made of light brown wood and to the right resides
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:34,110 --> 00:20:37,110
763
+ our fridge and facing to the front is a sink with
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:37,110 --> 00:20:39,990
767
+ two counters in either side very nice and you will
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:43,590
771
+ continue completing this paragraph let's see how I
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:47,070
775
+ completed this paragraph my mother's kitchen is
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:47,070 --> 00:20:51,270
779
+ not very big but it is warm and comfortable on the
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:51,270 --> 00:20:57,230
783
+ left sideูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:57,230 --> 00:21:02,410
787
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:02,410 --> 00:21:07,770
791
+ ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุน ุฃุฑุจุน ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:07,770 --> 00:21:13,840
795
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎุจุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฃุญุจุงุช ุฃู…ูŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:20,600
799
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช. ุฃู…ูŠ .. ุฃุฎูŠ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌู„ุณ ุนู„ู‰
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:27,200
803
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุทุนุงู… ุฃู…ูŠ. ู†ุญุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:32,680
807
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุทุนุงู… ู„ุฐูŠุฐ. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนูŠุด ุจุนูŠุฏุงุŒ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:35,280
811
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃู…ูŠ.
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:39,740 --> 00:21:44,820
815
+ front left to the right and again generally from
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:44,820 --> 00:21:48,140
819
+ the left corner from left to the right and what we
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:48,140 --> 00:21:51,460
823
+ see somewhere here is in the middle and we have
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:51,460 --> 00:21:54,680
827
+ only not only places describing things in a place
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:58,400
831
+ but also describing how we felt about the kitchen
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:02,960
835
+ what we did in that kitchen in the times gone by
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:02,960 --> 00:22:06,950
839
+ all right all rightSo whenever you are .. this is
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:06,950 --> 00:22:10,070
843
+ going to be homework for you next time. Whenever
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:13,470
847
+ we want to describe a place, we have to talk about
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:13,470 --> 00:22:16,510
851
+ where is this place? How big is it for instance?
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:16,790 --> 00:22:20,590
855
+ how warm or cold is this placeุŸ how does the place
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:22:20,590 --> 00:22:24,430
859
+ make you feel for exampleุŸ what things you can see
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:24,430 --> 00:22:28,950
863
+ in that placeุŸ what colors do you seeุŸ what smells
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:33,030
867
+ do you smellุŸ what sounds do you hear? and so onุŒ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:33,030 --> 00:22:35,630
871
+ so these are some ideas, some questions just to
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:35,630 --> 00:22:39,730
875
+ give you some idea abouthow to describe a place is
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:39,730 --> 00:22:42,310
879
+ this clear? yes all right and I'll talk about this
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:42,310 --> 00:22:45,910
883
+ later but now we move on to talk about describing
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:45,910 --> 00:22:49,770
887
+ people whenever we describe a person for example
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:49,770 --> 00:22:53,490
891
+ what sort of things that we describe? we describe
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:53,490 --> 00:23:00,650
895
+ his or her age his height his height for instance
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:01,340 --> 00:23:04,840
899
+ his color his color of the skin for instance his
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:10,300
903
+ hair his eyes some facial features his personality
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:23:10,300 --> 00:23:14,280
907
+ and probably his religious or political
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:17,800
911
+ affiliation if that's necessary and so on let's
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:23:17,800 --> 00:23:20,940
915
+ look at some of the things that we can use in
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:20,940 --> 00:23:24,340
919
+ describing people and some of the adjectives that
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:24,340 --> 00:23:28,340
923
+ can be used to describea person for example we can
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:28,340 --> 00:23:33,280
927
+ describe his or her age for example she is twenty
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:37,560
931
+ one years old he is or she is a young woman he is
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:41,460
935
+ an elderly man for example or an elderly woman for
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:41,460 --> 00:23:44,680
939
+ example he is an old person or an old man or woman
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:45,180 --> 00:23:52,120
943
+ she is middle-aged or he is in his mid-thirties in
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:52,120 --> 00:23:56,180
947
+ his mid-fifties in his in his mid-twenties and so
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:56,180 --> 00:24:02,820
951
+ on she is in her late twenties late forties late
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:24:02,820 --> 00:24:07,420
955
+ eighties and so and so on we can look at the hair
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:24:07,420 --> 00:24:11,980
959
+ for example the color of the hair dark blonde
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:24:12,380 --> 00:24:18,220
963
+ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:18,220 --> 00:24:22,260
967
+ ุจุทูŠุกุŒ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุŒ ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ู…ุฑู…ูˆุดุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:22,260 --> 00:24:23,820
971
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:23,820 --> 00:24:25,140
975
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:25,140 --> 00:24:26,840
979
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:31,900
983
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:31,900 --> 00:24:36,780
987
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:36,780 --> 00:24:39,940
991
+ ุน
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:40,290 --> 00:24:44,330
995
+ the height how tall a person is for example she is
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:44,330 --> 00:24:49,130
999
+ tall for example he is short she is short he is
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:49,130 --> 00:24:51,170
1003
+ one hundred and eighty centimeters tall for
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:51,170 --> 00:24:54,990
1007
+ example all right she is an average person okay an
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:54,990 --> 00:24:57,930
1011
+ average height for example we can describe the
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:57,930 --> 00:25:01,750
1015
+ facial features for instance we can look at smooth
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:06,750
1019
+ face wrinkle face thin face we can look atthe
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:06,750 --> 00:25:10,870
1023
+ eyebrows okay for example bushy eyebrows for
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:10,870 --> 00:25:14,490
1027
+ example we can look at the body for example fat
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:14,490 --> 00:25:17,850
1031
+ thin although I don't prefer to use the word fat
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:17,850 --> 00:25:23,170
1035
+ but thin chubby well bent and so on athletic for
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:23,170 --> 00:25:27,110
1039
+ exampleand finally we can look at the personality
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:27,110 --> 00:25:31,950
1043
+ for example she is really optimistic, he is really
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:31,950 --> 00:25:36,730
1047
+ kind, angry, considerate, thoughtful, happy,
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:36,970 --> 00:25:41,430
1051
+ cheerful, annoying person, helpful person and so
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:41,430 --> 00:25:45,110
1055
+ and so on so these are some physical appearance
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:45,110 --> 00:25:48,070
1059
+ some sort of appearance alright and also we can
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:48,070 --> 00:25:55,600
1063
+ look at the personality of that person okayLet us
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,880
1067
+ just do this very quick activity and try to fill
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:59,880 --> 00:26:04,700
1071
+ in the missing with some words from the list here
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:04,700 --> 00:26:06,900
1075
+ describing Mr. Khalil
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:29,950 --> 00:26:30,970
1079
+ ุงู„ุนุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุบูŠุฑ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:53,450 --> 00:27:04,090
1083
+ ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ ..
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:27:04,090 --> 00:27:09,190
1087
+ ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:12,450
1091
+ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:27:12,450 --> 00:27:17,350
1095
+ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ ..
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:20,910 --> 00:27:25,990
1099
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุจู‚ู‰ ุฑูˆุญูŠ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:27:25,990 --> 00:27:30,490
1103
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:27:30,490 --> 00:27:33,650
1107
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:27:33,650 --> 00:27:37,110
1111
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:27:37,110 --> 00:27:37,990
1115
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:27:37,990 --> 00:27:43,470
1119
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:47,120
1123
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู„ูƒ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:42,280
1127
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:42,300
1131
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:47,830 --> 00:28:50,350
1135
+ All right, are we done? Yes please, let's see.
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:50,470 --> 00:28:57,430
1139
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ .. yes please here. ุฎู„ูŠู„ is an old man. Yes,
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:57,550 --> 00:29:04,250
1143
+ he's an old man in his mid-sixties. All right. All
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:29:04,250 --> 00:29:10,450
1147
+ right, we'd like to continue. His face is thin and
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:29:10,450 --> 00:29:16,550
1151
+ wrinkled. His face is thin and wrinkled.
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:29:19,590 --> 00:29:23,170
1155
+ Raincoat. All right? That's raincoat. Okay?
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:29:23,270 --> 00:29:26,530
1159
+ Because of old age. All right? Yes please. His
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:26,530 --> 00:29:31,910
1163
+ hair is pushy and his eyebrows are green. That
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:29:31,910 --> 00:29:40,090
1167
+ would be spooky. All right? His hair is short. His
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:29:40,090 --> 00:29:48,990
1171
+ hair is short and eyebrows are green.ู…ุด .. they
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:48,990 --> 00:29:51,750
1175
+ are not organized they are sort of you know all
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:51,750 --> 00:29:54,890
1179
+ over this place. Yes please. Noura on other hand
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:54,890 --> 00:30:00,510
1183
+ is in her late twenties. Twenties yes. She is in
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:30:00,510 --> 00:30:02,170
1187
+ her late twenties.
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:30:04,210 --> 00:30:14,980
1191
+ She has straight hair and brown eyes.ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŸ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:30:14,980 --> 00:30:19,380
1195
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู…
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:30:19,380 --> 00:30:22,240
1199
+ ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:23,580
1203
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:30:23,580 --> 00:30:23,820
1207
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:30:23,820 --> 00:30:24,040
1211
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:24,120
1215
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:26,140
1219
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:30:26,140 --> 00:30:26,540
1223
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:30:26,540 --> 00:30:26,820
1227
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:26,820 --> 00:30:37,920
1231
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:42,380
1235
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:46,470 --> 00:30:50,970
1239
+ Now let's look at an example of what describing a
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:30:50,970 --> 00:30:55,190
1243
+ place should look likewe burn whenever we describe
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:30:55,190 --> 00:30:58,050
1247
+ a place, we look at his or her characteristics,
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:58,210 --> 00:31:00,930
1251
+ physical appearance and also some of the things
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:31:00,930 --> 00:31:04,290
1255
+ about his personality and what he did or what he
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:31:04,290 --> 00:31:08,170
1259
+ or she did in his life. For example, Jacqueline is
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:31:08,170 --> 00:31:12,210
1263
+ the most amazing person I have ever met. He came
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:31:12,210 --> 00:31:16,190
1267
+ to my school and talked about his difficult lifeููŠ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:31:16,190 --> 00:31:20,190
1271
+ ุงู„ุณุฌู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู† 15 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:31:20,190 --> 00:31:24,290
1275
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ .. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู†
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:31:24,290 --> 00:31:28,420
1279
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑุช ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุญูƒ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุชู‡ุŒ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:31:28,420 --> 00:31:34,320
1283
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชุฌุฑุจุชู‡ ู„ุฅุนุทุงุก ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฌุงูƒ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:40,580
1287
+ ู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุฎุงุฆูุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:31:40,580 --> 00:31:47,620
1291
+ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู‡ูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:31:47,620 --> 00:31:51,680
1295
+ ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ ููŠ ู‚ุตุฉุŒ ููŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:57,380
1299
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŒ ู„ู… ุฃู‚ุงุจ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุฌุงูƒุง before so here we
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:31:57,380 --> 00:31:59,780
1303
+ talked about some of the things that he did in his
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:31:59,780 --> 00:32:03,720
1307
+ life his personality and his physical appearance
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:06,900
1311
+ okay now let's conclude with this activity I'd
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:32:06,900 --> 00:32:09,840
1315
+ like you to think about your grandfather okay
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:32:09,840 --> 00:32:13,780
1319
+ let's look at this topic sentence my grandfather
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:32:13,780 --> 00:32:18,720
1323
+ is a great person who often had a difficult life
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:25,520
1327
+ when he was .. yeah sorry my grandfather is a
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:30,560
1331
+ great person who had a difficult life when he was
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:33,920
1335
+ a .. yeah okay there is some mistake here in
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:32:33,920 --> 00:32:36,720
1339
+ writing the topic sentence my grandfather is a
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:40,080
1343
+ great person who had a difficult life when he was
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:32:40,080 --> 00:32:43,950
1347
+ a .. yeah you see that conclusionIn short spending
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:32:43,950 --> 00:32:48,470
1351
+ time with my grandfather is always great as I can
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:32:48,470 --> 00:32:51,870
1355
+ learn many things from his stories what I'd like
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:32:51,870 --> 00:32:54,670
1359
+ you to do now is very quickly write a description
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:32:54,670 --> 00:32:58,090
1363
+ of your father start with how he looks if you want
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:32:58,090 --> 00:33:01,450
1367
+ and then talk about his personality and what he
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:33:01,450 --> 00:33:21,370
1371
+ did in hisุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:34:16,870 --> 00:34:24,900
1375
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ุงูˆ ุงุญุฏ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:34:24,900 --> 00:34:32,920
1379
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:35:18,390 --> 00:35:25,970
1383
+ you can strike his armsits item and other things,
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:29,250
1387
+ its personality for instance, so a lot of things
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:35:29,250 --> 00:35:31,650
1391
+ that you can talk about if you want to write to
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:35:31,650 --> 00:35:35,250
1395
+ describe your grandfather chin,
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:35:36,570 --> 00:35:39,750
1399
+ it's time to say what it was, what's long beard or
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:35:39,750 --> 00:35:40,490
1403
+ short beard
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:52,440
1407
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:36:18,890 --> 00:36:20,150
1411
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏุงุด ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:36:50,530 --> 00:36:54,430
1415
+ but we don't need to use commas between sentences
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:36:54,430 --> 00:36:58,230
1419
+ we talk about this ะฟะพะปะฝะพัั‚ัŒัŽ and in addition
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:36:58,230 --> 00:37:01,840
1423
+ moreoverso remember these connectors ู don't use
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:37:01,840 --> 00:37:04,180
1427
+ commas between sentences because this would be
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:37:04,180 --> 00:37:06,500
1431
+ something we talked about this is comma slice
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:10,140
1435
+ right full stop his hair is short and his eyes are
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:37:10,140 --> 00:37:15,500
1439
+ blue for example he is very tall and thin or slim
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:37:15,500 --> 00:37:18,120
1443
+ okay or a little bit chubby and so on
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:37:52,830 --> 00:37:58,270
1447
+ my father is on his legs or is on his legs always
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:37:58,270 --> 00:38:05,270
1451
+ or or or any in his legs full stop
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:38:10,630 --> 00:38:15,050
1455
+ ูˆPost-op ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:38:15,050 --> 00:38:20,210
1459
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:38:20,210 --> 00:38:21,030
1463
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:38:49,170 --> 00:38:54,710
1467
+ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑู
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:39:06,500 --> 00:39:10,020
1471
+ I need to see sentences this is a very long
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:39:10,020 --> 00:39:23,500
1475
+ sentence okay just use full stop squareness okay
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:56,820
1479
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุชูƒุชุจู‡ุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:40:12,200 --> 00:40:16,120
1483
+ And he's got a lot of experiences in life
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:18,240
1487
+ experience. Very nice. Yes please.
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:29,300
1491
+ Very good.
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:40:29,460 --> 00:40:35,610
1495
+ All right. Yes please.ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:40:35,610 --> 00:40:38,650
1499
+ ูƒุงู† ูŠุชุนุฐุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃูู‚ุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุจูˆู‡.
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:40:39,070 --> 00:40:43,290
1503
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุญู…ู„ุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุนูŠูˆู† ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ูˆ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:40:43,290 --> 00:40:47,290
1507
+ ุฑุฃุณ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ. ูƒุงู† ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:40:47,290 --> 00:40:51,990
1511
+ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฌุฏุง. ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ ุนุธูŠู… ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:40:51,990 --> 00:40:52,910
1515
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุงุช.
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:40:56,580 --> 00:41:00,200
1519
+ Okay the .. withstood a lot of things, you bore a
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:41:00,200 --> 00:41:03,440
1523
+ lot of hardships, very good. Yes iman over there
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:07,840
1527
+ please. My father is a very surrounded man. He is
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:41:07,840 --> 00:41:13,480
1531
+ very tall and slim. His hair is short and neat. In
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:41:13,480 --> 00:41:16,140
1535
+ addition, my father is a very great teacher. He is
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:41:16,140 --> 00:41:21,620
1539
+ a semaphore to our students.So he is a student.
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:24,340
1543
+ Very nice. Yes please. He is tall and strong
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:41:24,340 --> 00:41:28,740
1547
+ although his age is seventy three but he has a
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:41:28,740 --> 00:41:31,860
1551
+ huge energy to go shopping, watch TV, reading a
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:41:31,860 --> 00:41:34,980
1555
+ newspaper and he always collect us and start
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:41:34,980 --> 00:41:39,270
1559
+ saying sorry. We enjoy a lot.in addition he has a
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:41:39,270 --> 00:41:43,050
1563
+ brown eyes and with a white hair so he is a really
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:41:43,050 --> 00:41:46,650
1567
+ kind person so he is a really kind person let's
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:41:46,650 --> 00:41:50,830
1571
+ see an example of what I did here to describe my
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:41:50,830 --> 00:41:54,130
1575
+ grandfather my grandfather is a great person who
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:41:54,130 --> 00:41:58,430
1579
+ often told stories about the difficult life he had
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:41:58,430 --> 00:42:04,230
1583
+ when he was young he is ninety four years old but
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:42:04,230 --> 00:42:11,080
1587
+ his voice is still strong andู‡ูˆ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:16,620
1591
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต. ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุตุนุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:42:16,620 --> 00:42:20,080
1595
+ ุตุบูŠุฑ. ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ ู„ุฐุง
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:26,820
1599
+ ุนู…ู„ุช ุตุนุจุง ู„ุฏุนู…ู‡. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุณู‡ู„ุŒ ู‡ูˆ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:42:26,820 --> 00:42:29,620
1603
+ ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุดุฎุตูŠ ูˆ ุงูƒุชู…ุณ.
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:42:31,820 --> 00:42:35,440
1607
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดุชุบู„ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุน ุฃุจูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:38,520
1611
+ ุงุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู†
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:44,920
1615
+ ู‚ุตุชู‡ ูู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจูˆุถุน ู‚ุตุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠู ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:51,480
1619
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู† ุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ู†ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:59,760
1623
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ ููŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ุชููƒุฑ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:05,550
1627
+ ููŠ ุนู…ุฑูƒthe height, the hair, facial expressions
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:43:05,550 --> 00:43:11,410
1631
+ and also personality and qualities that people
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:43:11,410 --> 00:43:15,610
1635
+ have all right okay is this clear? all right now
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:43:15,610 --> 00:43:18,510
1639
+ next time we'll talk about adjectives and how can
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:43:18,510 --> 00:43:22,590
1643
+ we use adjectives to describe or in describing
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:43:22,590 --> 00:43:25,270
1647
+ people in the meantime thank you very much and
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:43:25,270 --> 00:43:26,790
1651
+ I'll see you next time inshallah
1652
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:23,620
3
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morningุŒ how are you todayุŸ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:26,380
7
+ very goodุŒ very goodุŒ all right let's today
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,380 --> 00:00:30,760
11
+ continue talking about descriptive paragraphs and
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:30,760 --> 00:00:34,000
15
+ last time we addressed the .. the .. some of the
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,840
19
+ features of good descriptive writing, today we
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:42,300
23
+ continue and talking especially on describing
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:42,300 --> 00:00:47,360
27
+ places or what we call description in terms of
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:54,020
31
+ spatialู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุณู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:54,020 --> 00:00:55,900
35
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:55,900 --> 00:00:58,440
39
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:58,440 --> 00:00:58,440
43
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,440 --> 00:00:58,440
47
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:58,440 --> 00:00:58,540
51
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:58,540 --> 00:00:58,820
55
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:00:58,820 --> 00:00:59,560
59
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:02,980
63
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:02,980 --> 00:01:14,680
67
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงูˆ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:21,200
71
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:29,640
75
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุซู… ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:37,260
79
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,260 --> 00:01:40,140
83
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,140 --> 00:01:44,080
87
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:44,080 --> 00:01:46,140
91
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:46,140
95
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:46,140
99
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:46,140
103
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:46,140
107
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:46,140 --> 00:01:47,660
111
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ู…ู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:01:47,660 --> 00:01:50,640
115
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:56,040
119
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุญูŠุซ ู†ุณู…ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† .. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:01:56,040 --> 00:02:01,320
123
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุฃุฏู…ุฒ ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุณุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:01,320 --> 00:02:06,960
127
+ .. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน .. ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูˆ ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:10,500
131
+ ูŠุญูุธ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… .. ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุณุฉ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:10,500 --> 00:02:18,360
135
+ ..ู†ุฑู‰ ุชู† ุจูˆุณุชุฑ ููŠ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุฑูŠุงู†ุจูˆู„ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:18,360 --> 00:02:24,040
139
+ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฑุงุฏูŠูˆ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:28,900
143
+ ูƒุฑุชูŠู† ุจู„ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:34,220
147
+ ู†ุฑู‰ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฑูŠูƒุชุงู†ุฌูˆู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:34,220 --> 00:02:39,480
151
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ุฃุฏู… ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:43,680
155
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทindicating describing a location to the left
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:48,780
159
+ to the right in the back in the front and so and
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:48,780 --> 00:02:54,630
163
+ so on all right okayู„ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:54,630 --> 00:02:59,890
167
+ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุฑุฑ ูƒูŠู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุถุน .. ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุถุน .. ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:59,890 --> 00:03:01,170
171
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:01,170 --> 00:03:01,830
175
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:01,830 --> 00:03:03,050
179
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:03,050 --> 00:03:04,410
183
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:04,410 --> 00:03:05,030
187
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:05,030 --> 00:03:13,130
191
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:13,130 --> 00:03:16,370
195
+ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:44,700 --> 00:04:47,480
199
+ All right, if we look at this paragraph, what is
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:51,780
203
+ this special order used in describing my favorite
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:51,780 --> 00:04:56,000
207
+ cafe, my favorite place to relax? Yes please. From
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:59,040
211
+ outside to inside. From first, from outside to
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:59,040 --> 00:05:01,340
215
+ inside. How do you know about this? First it
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:01,340 --> 00:05:04,280
219
+ started with the street. With the scene of the
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:04,280 --> 00:05:09,500
223
+ street. For example, this cafe is on a small side
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:12,200
227
+ street and as soon as you see it, you are still
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:16,870
231
+ outside.ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุถูˆุก ูŠุฐู‡ุจุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุงู†ุง ู…ุง
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:16,870 --> 00:05:21,030
235
+ ุฒู„ุช ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงูˆ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:21,030 --> 00:05:26,830
239
+ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠู‡. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:26,830 --> 00:05:31,310
243
+ ุฌุงู†ุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุจุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุจู‚ุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุฃุจูˆุงุจ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:31,310 --> 00:05:36,370
247
+ ุจู„ุงุก ูˆุฑู…ูˆุฒ.There is a small wooden door that opens
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:39,370
251
+ into the cafe, not as if I'm still outside the
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:39,370 --> 00:05:43,090
255
+ cafe, opens into, not outside, out of the cafe.
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:43,470 --> 00:05:48,830
259
+ And as soon as you go in, you can see aุฃูˆ ุนุดุงู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:48,830 --> 00:05:49,790
263
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:49,790 --> 00:05:50,510
267
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:50,510 --> 00:05:50,850
271
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:50,850 --> 00:05:51,810
275
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:51,810 --> 00:05:54,830
279
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:54,830 --> 00:05:59,630
283
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:59,630 --> 00:06:00,710
287
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:00,710 --> 00:06:00,710
291
+ ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุนุดุงู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:11,450 --> 00:06:15,410
295
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:15,410 --> 00:06:19,290
299
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:19,290 --> 00:06:20,190
303
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:20,190 --> 00:06:20,510
307
+ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:20,510 --> 00:06:21,050
311
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:21,050 --> 00:06:21,770
315
+ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ..
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:21,770 --> 00:06:29,670
319
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:29,670 --> 00:06:34,130
323
+ .. ุตุญูŠุญุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:34,380 --> 00:06:39,640
327
+ ูˆ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆุตูุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:45,740
331
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุฃูˆ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:45,740 --> 00:06:48,900
335
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุชูƒู„ูŠู ู…ูƒุงู†ุŸ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:48,900 --> 00:06:54,200
339
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ุฃูˆ ู†ูƒุชุจ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:54,200 --> 00:07:01,790
343
+ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰a room for example on
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:01,790 --> 00:07:04,930
347
+ the bottom of something, next to, above, below,
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:05,250 --> 00:07:09,790
351
+ underneath, across, to the right, to the left, in
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:09,790 --> 00:07:12,550
355
+ the middle of something, across, around, between
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:12,550 --> 00:07:15,110
359
+ and behind so these are some transitions some
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:15,110 --> 00:07:17,690
363
+ prepositions and prepositional phrases that we can
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:17,690 --> 00:07:25,370
367
+ use to describe or locate things in spaceุนู†ุฏู…ุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:25,370 --> 00:07:30,990
371
+ ู†ูุณุฑ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:30,990 --> 00:07:44,050
375
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:44,050 --> 00:07:50,730
379
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุนุทูŠูƒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:50,730 --> 00:07:55,030
383
+ ูƒุงู…ุฉุŒ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู‡ู…ูƒุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูƒุชุจุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุณู…ุน ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:55,030 --> 00:08:00,630
387
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ุงุจุชุฑูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฎุตุตูŠุชูŠ ู…ู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:00,630 --> 00:08:05,920
391
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู…ูŠุฉุŸhow it is my
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:05,920 --> 00:08:09,240
395
+ shelter, how it is my refuge from .. that is to
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:13,920
399
+ say it's a safe secure place for me for example
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:19,760
403
+ the campus of our university is like a small city
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:24,400
407
+ or the cafeteria at lunch time is the school's
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:27,640
411
+ social center so we have here the topic centers
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:32,050
415
+ naming the topic my bedroomุงู„ูƒุงู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงููŠุชูŠุฑูŠุง
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:32,050 --> 00:08:35,310
419
+ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:35,310 --> 00:08:38,730
423
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:38,730 --> 00:08:40,270
427
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:40,270 --> 00:08:50,710
431
+ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃูŠุถุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:57,570 --> 00:09:00,550
435
+ what you would include in describing or talking
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:00,550 --> 00:09:04,670
439
+ about this topic sentence the park near my house
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:04,670 --> 00:09:11,430
443
+ is full of activity on a sunny weekend afternoon
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:11,430 --> 00:09:15,810
447
+ okay so I'd like you to give me some details as to
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:15,810 --> 00:09:19,030
451
+ what you would include for this topic sentence
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:19,030 --> 00:09:23,910
455
+ okay the park near my house is full of activity on
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:23,910 --> 00:09:28,050
459
+ a sunny weekend afternoonWhat would you include as
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:28,050 --> 00:09:30,310
463
+ details for this topic sentence? Please
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:59,160 --> 00:10:02,320
467
+ So you can describe what people are doing, what
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:02,320 --> 00:10:08,820
471
+ things are there in that place and so on, plants,
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:09,020 --> 00:10:13,960
475
+ gardens, children, so a lot of things that you can
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:13,960 --> 00:10:16,280
479
+ talk about, what sort of details you can include
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:17,740
483
+ in describing this place
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:27,040
487
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ .. ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ .. ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:52,700 --> 00:11:55,940
491
+ All right let's see what sort of details that
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:55,940 --> 00:11:59,380
495
+ would you use to describe this place, this part
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:59,380 --> 00:12:03,910
499
+ that is full of life, that is full of activityA
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:06,370
503
+ lot of families go there to have more relax. So
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:06,370 --> 00:12:09,950
507
+ very nice, there are a lot of families going there
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:13,390
511
+ with their children in their park. Very nice, yes
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:13,390 --> 00:12:16,550
515
+ please. It also has a pool on it. There is a pool,
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:16,650 --> 00:12:19,350
519
+ there is a big pool, a large swimming pool in the
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:19,350 --> 00:12:23,750
523
+ middle for example where children and people are
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:27,090
527
+ swimming and having fun. Very nice, yes please.
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:27,150 --> 00:12:29,450
531
+ The children can play in the back of the car.
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:29,650 --> 00:12:34,790
535
+ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู ุฃูˆ ุญูˆู„ ุฌุงู†ุจ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:34,790 --> 00:12:39,730
539
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ุŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุดุฎุต ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ .. ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ..
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:39,730 --> 00:12:46,170
543
+ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ .. ูƒู„ุงูˆู† ุชู‚ุตุฏุชุŸ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูƒู„ุงูˆู† ูŠู„ุนุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:46,170 --> 00:12:49,930
547
+ ูˆ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ู… ูŠุถุญูƒูˆุง ูˆ ูŠู…ุชุนูˆุงุŒ ู†ุนู… ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู…ู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:52,230
551
+ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู… ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ swings ูˆ ุงู„ู€slides ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:52,230 --> 00:12:55,430
555
+ ุฃุทูุงู„ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฌู…ูŠู„ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:55,430 --> 00:12:58,810
559
+ ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ swings ูˆ ุงู„ู€slides ูˆ ูŠุญุตู„ูˆุงู…ู…ุชุงุฒ.
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:59,030 --> 00:13:02,630
563
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:02,630 --> 00:13:07,230
567
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ. ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ.
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:07,370 --> 00:13:11,210
571
+ ูˆ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‡ุณุฉ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:11,210 --> 00:13:16,430
575
+ ุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ูƒ ู…ุฑุญุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช. ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฌู…ูŠู„. ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:16,430 --> 00:13:20,520
579
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ.ุฃุดุนุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:24,940
583
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู…ุชุน ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ุชุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:24,940 --> 00:13:28,800
587
+ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:34,000
591
+ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ
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+
593
+ 149
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+ 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:39,620
595
+ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูุŒ
596
+
597
+ 150
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+ 00:13:39,620 --> 00:13:43,200
599
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒOkay? So always have
600
+
601
+ 151
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+ 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:45,360
603
+ this kind of organization because this is very
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:48,520
607
+ important. It makes your writing neat and well
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:52,100
611
+ organized. All right? Let's see. All right? Now,
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:52,160 --> 00:13:54,780
615
+ we're going to do this writing activity. All
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:54,780 --> 00:13:57,640
619
+ right? And I'd like you to think about completing
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:57,640 --> 00:13:59,600
623
+ this paragraph. For example, let's see the
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:03,200
627
+ paragraph here. My mother's kitchen is not very
628
+
629
+ 158
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+ 00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:08,260
631
+ big, but it is warm and comfortable. What is the
632
+
633
+ 159
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+ 00:14:08,260 --> 00:14:13,450
635
+ controlling idea here?ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:13,450 --> 00:14:20,690
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+ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
640
+
641
+ 161
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+ 00:14:21,790 --> 00:14:25,030
643
+ ูƒุชุดู†ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุชDescribing ุงู„ุงู…ุฑ ู…ู†
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+
645
+ 162
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+ 00:14:25,030 --> 00:14:27,550
647
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰
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+
649
+ 163
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+ 00:14:27,550 --> 00:14:31,670
651
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
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+
653
+ 164
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+ 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:33,890
655
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
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+
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+ 165
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+ 00:14:33,890 --> 00:14:40,730
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+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃู…ูƒ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุช ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุชูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุชุดู† ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰
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+
661
+ 166
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+ 00:14:40,730 --> 00:14:46,270
663
+ ุฐู„ูƒ.ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนูŠุด ุจุนูŠุฏุงุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃููƒุฑ
664
+
665
+ 167
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+ 00:14:46,270 --> 00:14:51,650
667
+ ููŠmy mother's kitchen. So let's spend five minutes
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+
669
+ 168
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+ 00:14:51,650 --> 00:14:55,650
671
+ trying to complete this paragraph talking about my
672
+
673
+ 169
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+ 00:14:55,650 --> 00:14:56,990
675
+ mother's kitchen
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+
677
+ 170
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+ 00:15:15,060 --> 00:15:16,100
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+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ุŸ
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+
681
+ 171
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+ 00:16:05,250 --> 00:16:05,590
683
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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+
685
+ 172
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+ 00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:55,500
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+ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุงูุชุฏุช ู‡ู†ุง
688
+
689
+ 173
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+ 00:17:24,980 --> 00:17:43,840
691
+ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠุฉ
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+
693
+ 174
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+ 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:16,000
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+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒูˆุฑุฉุŸ
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+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:22,860
699
+ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒูˆุฑุฉุŸ ู„ุนู†ุฉุŸ ู„ุนู†ุฉุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุนู†ุฉุŸ
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+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:24,620 --> 00:18:35,640
703
+ ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู… ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ุŸ ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู… ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู…
704
+
705
+ 177
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+ 00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:46,720
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+ ุจุงุฑุฏุฑูŠู…
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:56,620 --> 00:19:02,400
711
+ ุจุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฐุงุช ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุชุจู‚ู‰
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:03,860
715
+ ุงุฑูˆุงุญ ูˆุบูŠุธุฉ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:32,340 --> 00:19:35,100
719
+ All right, it's all right, let's see. Let's just
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:35,100 --> 00:19:38,420
723
+ get some ideas, some answers of your .. some
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:38,420 --> 00:19:42,020
727
+ examples of your writings. Yes please. Can I ..
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:42,020 --> 00:19:45,060
731
+ can I take .. You just .. you just read it very
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:45,060 --> 00:19:49,590
735
+ quickly please.ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃู…ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุฑู…ูˆุด
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:49,590 --> 00:19:53,710
739
+ ูˆู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ. ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃู…ูŠ ุชุทุจุฎุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:53,710 --> 00:19:57,330
743
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฎู„ูู‡ุง. ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:57,330 --> 00:20:00,390
747
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ. ุงู„ุตุญุฑุงุก ุจุฌุงู†ุจ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:00,390 --> 00:20:09,030
751
+ ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ุฏ. ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุจุงุจ. ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:09,030 --> 00:20:12,590
755
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:12,590 --> 00:20:13,250
759
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:13,250 --> 00:20:15,570
763
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:15,570 --> 00:20:18,770
767
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆุน ุฑุงุฆูˆููŠ some .. some things in the
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:18,770 --> 00:20:21,590
771
+ kitchen. Who would like to have a go at and show
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:21,590 --> 00:20:25,190
775
+ and just let's .. let's listen to you please.and
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:25,190 --> 00:20:27,590
779
+ my mother's kitchen is not very big but it's warm
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:27,590 --> 00:20:30,650
783
+ and comfortable to the left lies a dining table
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:30,650 --> 00:20:34,110
787
+ made of light brown wood and to the right resides
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:34,110 --> 00:20:37,110
791
+ our fridge and facing to the front is a sink with
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:37,110 --> 00:20:39,990
795
+ two counters in either side very nice and you will
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:43,590
799
+ continue completing this paragraph let's see how I
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:47,070
803
+ completed this paragraph my mother's kitchen is
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:47,070 --> 00:20:51,270
807
+ not very big but it is warm and comfortable on the
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:51,270 --> 00:20:57,230
811
+ left sideูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:20:57,230 --> 00:21:02,410
815
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:02,410 --> 00:21:07,770
819
+ ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุน ุฃุฑุจุน ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:07,770 --> 00:21:13,840
823
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทุจุฎุจุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฃุญุจุงุช ุฃู…ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:13,840 --> 00:21:20,600
827
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช. ุฃู…ูŠ .. ุฃุฎูŠ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌู„ุณ ุนู„ู‰
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:27,200
831
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุทุนุงู… ุฃู…ูŠ. ู†ุญุจ ุฃู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:27,200 --> 00:21:32,680
835
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุทุนุงู… ู„ุฐูŠุฐ. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนูŠุด ุจุนูŠุฏุงุŒ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:35,280
839
+ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุทุจุฎ ุฃู…ูŠ.
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:39,740 --> 00:21:44,820
843
+ front left to the right and again generally from
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:44,820 --> 00:21:48,140
847
+ the left corner from left to the right and what we
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:48,140 --> 00:21:51,460
851
+ see somewhere here is in the middle and we have
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:51,460 --> 00:21:54,680
855
+ only not only places describing things in a place
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:58,400
859
+ but also describing how we felt about the kitchen
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:02,960
863
+ what we did in that kitchen in the times gone by
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:02,960 --> 00:22:06,950
867
+ all right all rightSo whenever you are .. this is
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:06,950 --> 00:22:10,070
871
+ going to be homework for you next time. Whenever
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:13,470
875
+ we want to describe a place, we have to talk about
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:13,470 --> 00:22:16,510
879
+ where is this place? How big is it for instance?
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:16,790 --> 00:22:20,590
883
+ how warm or cold is this placeุŸ how does the place
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:20,590 --> 00:22:24,430
887
+ make you feel for exampleุŸ what things you can see
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:24,430 --> 00:22:28,950
891
+ in that placeุŸ what colors do you seeุŸ what smells
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:33,030
895
+ do you smellุŸ what sounds do you hear? and so onุŒ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:33,030 --> 00:22:35,630
899
+ so these are some ideas, some questions just to
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:35,630 --> 00:22:39,730
903
+ give you some idea abouthow to describe a place is
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:39,730 --> 00:22:42,310
907
+ this clear? yes all right and I'll talk about this
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:42,310 --> 00:22:45,910
911
+ later but now we move on to talk about describing
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:45,910 --> 00:22:49,770
915
+ people whenever we describe a person for example
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:49,770 --> 00:22:53,490
919
+ what sort of things that we describe? we describe
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:53,490 --> 00:23:00,650
923
+ his or her age his height his height for instance
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:01,340 --> 00:23:04,840
927
+ his color his color of the skin for instance his
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:10,300
931
+ hair his eyes some facial features his personality
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:10,300 --> 00:23:14,280
935
+ and probably his religious or political
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:17,800
939
+ affiliation if that's necessary and so on let's
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:17,800 --> 00:23:20,940
943
+ look at some of the things that we can use in
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:20,940 --> 00:23:24,340
947
+ describing people and some of the adjectives that
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:24,340 --> 00:23:28,340
951
+ can be used to describea person for example we can
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:28,340 --> 00:23:33,280
955
+ describe his or her age for example she is twenty
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:37,560
959
+ one years old he is or she is a young woman he is
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:41,460
963
+ an elderly man for example or an elderly woman for
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:41,460 --> 00:23:44,680
967
+ example he is an old person or an old man or woman
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:45,180 --> 00:23:52,120
971
+ she is middle-aged or he is in his mid-thirties in
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:23:52,120 --> 00:23:56,180
975
+ his mid-fifties in his in his mid-twenties and so
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:23:56,180 --> 00:24:02,820
979
+ on she is in her late twenties late forties late
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:02,820 --> 00:24:07,420
983
+ eighties and so and so on we can look at the hair
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:07,420 --> 00:24:11,980
987
+ for example the color of the hair dark blonde
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:12,380 --> 00:24:18,220
991
+ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุดุนุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:18,220 --> 00:24:22,260
995
+ ุจุทูŠุกุŒ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุตูŠุฑุŒ ุทูˆูŠู„ุŒ ู…ุฑู…ูˆุดุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:22,260 --> 00:24:23,820
999
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:23,820 --> 00:24:25,140
1003
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:25,140 --> 00:24:26,840
1007
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:26,840
1011
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:31,900
1015
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:24:31,900 --> 00:24:36,780
1019
+ ุนู…ูˆู…ุงุŒ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:24:36,780 --> 00:24:39,940
1023
+ ุน
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:24:40,290 --> 00:24:44,330
1027
+ the height how tall a person is for example she is
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:24:44,330 --> 00:24:49,130
1031
+ tall for example he is short she is short he is
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:24:49,130 --> 00:24:51,170
1035
+ one hundred and eighty centimeters tall for
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:24:51,170 --> 00:24:54,990
1039
+ example all right she is an average person okay an
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:24:54,990 --> 00:24:57,930
1043
+ average height for example we can describe the
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:24:57,930 --> 00:25:01,750
1047
+ facial features for instance we can look at smooth
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:06,750
1051
+ face wrinkle face thin face we can look atthe
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:06,750 --> 00:25:10,870
1055
+ eyebrows okay for example bushy eyebrows for
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:10,870 --> 00:25:14,490
1059
+ example we can look at the body for example fat
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:14,490 --> 00:25:17,850
1063
+ thin although I don't prefer to use the word fat
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:17,850 --> 00:25:23,170
1067
+ but thin chubby well bent and so on athletic for
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:23,170 --> 00:25:27,110
1071
+ exampleand finally we can look at the personality
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:25:27,110 --> 00:25:31,950
1075
+ for example she is really optimistic, he is really
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:25:31,950 --> 00:25:36,730
1079
+ kind, angry, considerate, thoughtful, happy,
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:25:36,970 --> 00:25:41,430
1083
+ cheerful, annoying person, helpful person and so
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:25:41,430 --> 00:25:45,110
1087
+ and so on so these are some physical appearance
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:25:45,110 --> 00:25:48,070
1091
+ some sort of appearance alright and also we can
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:25:48,070 --> 00:25:55,600
1095
+ look at the personality of that person okayLet us
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:59,880
1099
+ just do this very quick activity and try to fill
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:25:59,880 --> 00:26:04,700
1103
+ in the missing with some words from the list here
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:04,700 --> 00:26:06,900
1107
+ describing Mr. Khalil
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:26:29,950 --> 00:26:30,970
1111
+ ุงู„ุนุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุบูŠุฑ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:26:53,450 --> 00:27:04,090
1115
+ ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ ..
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:27:04,090 --> 00:27:09,190
1119
+ ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:12,450
1123
+ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:27:12,450 --> 00:27:17,350
1127
+ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ .. ุทุงู…ุฏ ..
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:27:20,910 --> 00:27:25,990
1131
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุจู‚ู‰ ุฑูˆุญูŠ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:27:25,990 --> 00:27:30,490
1135
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:27:30,490 --> 00:27:33,650
1139
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:27:33,650 --> 00:27:37,110
1143
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:27:37,110 --> 00:27:37,990
1147
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:27:37,990 --> 00:27:43,470
1151
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุดุชุบ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:47,120
1155
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู„ูƒ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:42,280
1159
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:28:42,280 --> 00:28:42,300
1163
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:28:47,830 --> 00:28:50,350
1167
+ All right, are we done? Yes please, let's see.
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:28:50,470 --> 00:28:57,430
1171
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ .. yes please here. ุฎู„ูŠู„ is an old man. Yes,
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:28:57,550 --> 00:29:04,250
1175
+ he's an old man in his mid-sixties. All right. All
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:04,250 --> 00:29:10,450
1179
+ right, we'd like to continue. His face is thin and
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:10,450 --> 00:29:16,550
1183
+ wrinkled. His face is thin and wrinkled.
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:19,590 --> 00:29:23,170
1187
+ Raincoat. All right? That's raincoat. Okay?
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:23,270 --> 00:29:26,530
1191
+ Because of old age. All right? Yes please. His
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:26,530 --> 00:29:31,910
1195
+ hair is pushy and his eyebrows are green. That
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:31,910 --> 00:29:40,090
1199
+ would be spooky. All right? His hair is short. His
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:40,090 --> 00:29:48,990
1203
+ hair is short and eyebrows are green.ู…ุด .. they
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:48,990 --> 00:29:51,750
1207
+ are not organized they are sort of you know all
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:51,750 --> 00:29:54,890
1211
+ over this place. Yes please. Noura on other hand
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:29:54,890 --> 00:30:00,510
1215
+ is in her late twenties. Twenties yes. She is in
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:00,510 --> 00:30:02,170
1219
+ her late twenties.
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:30:04,210 --> 00:30:14,980
1223
+ She has straight hair and brown eyes.ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุกุŸ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:30:14,980 --> 00:30:19,380
1227
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู…
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:19,380 --> 00:30:22,240
1231
+ ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:23,580
1235
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:23,580 --> 00:30:23,820
1239
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:30:23,820 --> 00:30:24,040
1243
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:30:24,040 --> 00:30:24,120
1247
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:26,140
1251
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:30:26,140 --> 00:30:26,540
1255
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:30:26,540 --> 00:30:26,820
1259
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:30:26,820 --> 00:30:37,920
1263
+ ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู† ุญู…ุฑุงุก ู†ุนู… ุนูŠู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:30:37,920 --> 00:30:42,380
1267
+ ุญู…ุฑุงุก
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:30:42,380 --> 00:30:42,380
1271
+ ู†
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:30:46,470 --> 00:30:50,970
1275
+ Now let's look at an example of what describing a
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:30:50,970 --> 00:30:55,190
1279
+ place should look likewe burn whenever we describe
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:30:55,190 --> 00:30:58,050
1283
+ a place, we look at his or her characteristics,
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:30:58,210 --> 00:31:00,930
1287
+ physical appearance and also some of the things
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:31:00,930 --> 00:31:04,290
1291
+ about his personality and what he did or what he
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:31:04,290 --> 00:31:08,170
1295
+ or she did in his life. For example, Jacqueline is
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:31:08,170 --> 00:31:12,210
1299
+ the most amazing person I have ever met. He came
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:31:12,210 --> 00:31:16,190
1303
+ to my school and talked about his difficult lifeููŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:31:16,190 --> 00:31:20,190
1307
+ ุงู„ุณุฌู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู† 15 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠูุนู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:31:20,190 --> 00:31:24,290
1311
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ .. ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู†
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:31:24,290 --> 00:31:28,420
1315
+ ู‚ุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑุช ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุญูƒ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุชู‡ุŒ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:31:28,420 --> 00:31:34,320
1319
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชุฌุฑุจุชู‡ ู„ุฅุนุทุงุก ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฌุงูƒ ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:31:34,320 --> 00:31:40,580
1323
+ ู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุฎุงุฆูุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:31:40,580 --> 00:31:47,620
1327
+ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู‡ูˆ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:31:47,620 --> 00:31:51,680
1331
+ ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŒ ููŠ ู‚ุตุฉุŒ ููŠ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:57,380
1335
+ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŒ ู„ู… ุฃู‚ุงุจ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุซู„ุฌุงูƒุง before so here we
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:31:57,380 --> 00:31:59,780
1339
+ talked about some of the things that he did in his
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:31:59,780 --> 00:32:03,720
1343
+ life his personality and his physical appearance
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:06,900
1347
+ okay now let's conclude with this activity I'd
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:32:06,900 --> 00:32:09,840
1351
+ like you to think about your grandfather okay
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:32:09,840 --> 00:32:13,780
1355
+ let's look at this topic sentence my grandfather
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:32:13,780 --> 00:32:18,720
1359
+ is a great person who often had a difficult life
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:32:21,280 --> 00:32:25,520
1363
+ when he was .. yeah sorry my grandfather is a
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:30,560
1367
+ great person who had a difficult life when he was
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:33,920
1371
+ a .. yeah okay there is some mistake here in
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:32:33,920 --> 00:32:36,720
1375
+ writing the topic sentence my grandfather is a
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:40,080
1379
+ great person who had a difficult life when he was
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:32:40,080 --> 00:32:43,950
1383
+ a .. yeah you see that conclusionIn short spending
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:32:43,950 --> 00:32:48,470
1387
+ time with my grandfather is always great as I can
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:32:48,470 --> 00:32:51,870
1391
+ learn many things from his stories what I'd like
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:32:51,870 --> 00:32:54,670
1395
+ you to do now is very quickly write a description
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:32:54,670 --> 00:32:58,090
1399
+ of your father start with how he looks if you want
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:58,090 --> 00:33:01,450
1403
+ and then talk about his personality and what he
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:33:01,450 --> 00:33:21,370
1407
+ did in hisุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:34:16,870 --> 00:34:24,900
1411
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ุงูˆ ุงุญุฏ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:34:24,900 --> 00:34:32,920
1415
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:35:18,390 --> 00:35:25,970
1419
+ you can strike his armsits item and other things,
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:29,250
1423
+ its personality for instance, so a lot of things
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:35:29,250 --> 00:35:31,650
1427
+ that you can talk about if you want to write to
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:35:31,650 --> 00:35:35,250
1431
+ describe your grandfather chin,
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:35:36,570 --> 00:35:39,750
1435
+ it's time to say what it was, what's long beard or
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:35:39,750 --> 00:35:40,490
1439
+ short beard
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:52,440
1443
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:36:18,890 --> 00:36:20,150
1447
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏุงุด ุตูˆุฑุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:36:50,530 --> 00:36:54,430
1451
+ but we don't need to use commas between sentences
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:36:54,430 --> 00:36:58,230
1455
+ we talk about this ะฟะพะปะฝะพัั‚ัŒัŽ and in addition
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:36:58,230 --> 00:37:01,840
1459
+ moreoverso remember these connectors ู don't use
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:37:01,840 --> 00:37:04,180
1463
+ commas between sentences because this would be
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:37:04,180 --> 00:37:06,500
1467
+ something we talked about this is comma slice
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:37:06,500 --> 00:37:10,140
1471
+ right full stop his hair is short and his eyes are
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:37:10,140 --> 00:37:15,500
1475
+ blue for example he is very tall and thin or slim
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:37:15,500 --> 00:37:18,120
1479
+ okay or a little bit chubby and so on
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:37:52,830 --> 00:37:58,270
1483
+ my father is on his legs or is on his legs always
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:37:58,270 --> 00:38:05,270
1487
+ or or or any in his legs full stop
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:38:10,630 --> 00:38:15,050
1491
+ ูˆPost-op ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:38:15,050 --> 00:38:20,210
1495
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ูƒุชุจ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:38:20,210 --> 00:38:21,030
1499
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:38:49,170 --> 00:38:54,710
1503
+ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุนุฑู
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:39:06,500 --> 00:39:10,020
1507
+ I need to see sentences this is a very long
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:39:10,020 --> 00:39:23,500
1511
+ sentence okay just use full stop squareness okay
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:56,820
1515
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุชูƒุชุจู‡ุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:40:12,200 --> 00:40:16,120
1519
+ And he's got a lot of experiences in life
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:18,240
1523
+ experience. Very nice. Yes please.
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:40:23,420 --> 00:40:29,300
1527
+ Very good.
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:40:29,460 --> 00:40:35,610
1531
+ All right. Yes please.ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:40:35,610 --> 00:40:38,650
1535
+ ูƒุงู† ูŠุชุนุฐุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุจุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃูู‚ุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃุจูˆู‡.
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:40:39,070 --> 00:40:43,290
1539
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุญู…ู„ุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุนูŠูˆู† ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ูˆ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:40:43,290 --> 00:40:47,290
1543
+ ุฑุฃุณ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ. ูƒุงู† ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:40:47,290 --> 00:40:51,990
1547
+ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฌุฏุง. ู‡ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ ุนุธูŠู… ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:40:51,990 --> 00:40:52,910
1551
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนูˆุจุงุช.
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:40:56,580 --> 00:41:00,200
1555
+ Okay the .. withstood a lot of things, you bore a
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:41:00,200 --> 00:41:03,440
1559
+ lot of hardships, very good. Yes iman over there
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:07,840
1563
+ please. My father is a very surrounded man. He is
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:41:07,840 --> 00:41:13,480
1567
+ very tall and slim. His hair is short and neat. In
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:41:13,480 --> 00:41:16,140
1571
+ addition, my father is a very great teacher. He is
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:41:16,140 --> 00:41:21,620
1575
+ a semaphore to our students.So he is a student.
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:41:21,800 --> 00:41:24,340
1579
+ Very nice. Yes please. He is tall and strong
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:41:24,340 --> 00:41:28,740
1583
+ although his age is seventy three but he has a
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:41:28,740 --> 00:41:31,860
1587
+ huge energy to go shopping, watch TV, reading a
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:41:31,860 --> 00:41:34,980
1591
+ newspaper and he always collect us and start
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:41:34,980 --> 00:41:39,270
1595
+ saying sorry. We enjoy a lot.in addition he has a
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:41:39,270 --> 00:41:43,050
1599
+ brown eyes and with a white hair so he is a really
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:41:43,050 --> 00:41:46,650
1603
+ kind person so he is a really kind person let's
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:41:46,650 --> 00:41:50,830
1607
+ see an example of what I did here to describe my
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:41:50,830 --> 00:41:54,130
1611
+ grandfather my grandfather is a great person who
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:41:54,130 --> 00:41:58,430
1615
+ often told stories about the difficult life he had
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:41:58,430 --> 00:42:04,230
1619
+ when he was young he is ninety four years old but
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:42:04,230 --> 00:42:11,080
1623
+ his voice is still strong andู‡ูˆ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:16,620
1627
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต. ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุตุนุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:42:16,620 --> 00:42:20,080
1631
+ ุตุบูŠุฑ. ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ ู„ุฐุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:26,820
1635
+ ุนู…ู„ุช ุตุนุจุง ู„ุฏุนู…ู‡. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุณู‡ู„ุŒ ู‡ูˆ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:42:26,820 --> 00:42:29,620
1639
+ ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุดุฎุตูŠ ูˆ ุงูƒุชู…ุณ.
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:42:31,820 --> 00:42:35,440
1643
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดุชุบู„ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุน ุฃุจูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:38,520
1647
+ ุงุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู†
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:44,920
1651
+ ู‚ุตุชู‡ ูู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจูˆุถุน ู‚ุตุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠู ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู†
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:42:44,920 --> 00:42:51,480
1655
+ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูˆ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู† ุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ู†ุงุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:42:51,480 --> 00:42:59,760
1659
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ ููŠ ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ุชููƒุฑ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:05,550
1663
+ ููŠ ุนู…ุฑูƒthe height, the hair, facial expressions
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:43:05,550 --> 00:43:11,410
1667
+ and also personality and qualities that people
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:43:11,410 --> 00:43:15,610
1671
+ have all right okay is this clear? all right now
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:43:15,610 --> 00:43:18,510
1675
+ next time we'll talk about adjectives and how can
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:43:18,510 --> 00:43:22,590
1679
+ we use adjectives to describe or in describing
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:43:22,590 --> 00:43:25,270
1683
+ people in the meantime thank you very much and
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:43:25,270 --> 00:43:26,790
1687
+ I'll see you next time inshallah
1688
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/BZuUJi8I4QI_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1652 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:23,110
3
+ All right ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… good morning how are you
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,110 --> 00:00:26,090
7
+ today? very good very good all right today we're
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,090 --> 00:00:29,330
11
+ looking at an important topic in writing in
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,330 --> 00:00:31,610
15
+ academic writing and this has to do with
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:31,610 --> 00:00:37,310
19
+ punctuation or correctly punctuate your sentences
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:37,310 --> 00:00:40,700
23
+ so as you knowPunctuation is very important, it is
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:40,700 --> 00:00:46,000
27
+ like a sign post, it is like traffic lights, every
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,900
31
+ punctuation for example a comma or a colon or a
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:48,900 --> 00:00:52,760
35
+ semicolon has or sends the reader a message that
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:52,760 --> 00:00:55,600
39
+ this is something that we need to stop, it is
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:55,600 --> 00:00:58,380
43
+ something to introduce somethingor to pause
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:58,380 --> 00:01:01,680
47
+ momentarily for something else and so on so
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:05,800
51
+ punctuation in general is very important and today
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:09,760
55
+ we're looking at rules for using commas, rules for
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:14,000
59
+ using colon and rules for using semicolon first
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:16,980
63
+ when do I use a comma?
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,360 --> 00:01:23,940
67
+ What are the different uses of ูƒูู…ูŽูƒุŸ After
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,940 --> 00:01:29,300
71
+ introductory words for example another thing is
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:29,300 --> 00:01:33,700
75
+ before we talked about this is before compound
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,700 --> 00:01:37,840
79
+ sentences joining two sentences two independent
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,840 --> 00:01:40,340
83
+ clauses very nice so let's very quickly go over
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,340 --> 00:01:44,670
87
+ them and do some exercises on this topicthe first
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:44,670 --> 00:01:48,790
91
+ thing is using the comma after introductory words
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:48,790 --> 00:01:52,510
95
+ or after introductory phrases for instance during
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,510 --> 00:01:59,110
99
+ the summer of 1999 ูƒู…ุง we visited Spain or we can
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:59,110 --> 00:02:04,790
103
+ say unfortunately ูƒู…ุง we did not speak Spanish or
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,790 --> 00:02:09,550
107
+ finally ูƒู…ุง we arrived at our hotel so after
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:09,550 --> 00:02:14,390
111
+ introductory wordsintroductory phrases were
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:14,390 --> 00:02:17,770
115
+ signals such as time signals for example or
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:17,770 --> 00:02:21,530
119
+ listing signals first second third in addition
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:21,530 --> 00:02:24,770
123
+ moreover these ones we use a comma immediately
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:24,770 --> 00:02:29,270
127
+ after this word or this phrase the second rule is
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,270 --> 00:02:33,010
131
+ something we talked about before which is before
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,010 --> 00:02:35,970
135
+ coordinating conjunctions these fanboys we talked
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:35,970 --> 00:02:39,030
139
+ about this we are bring we are bringing sandwiches
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:39,970 --> 00:02:44,730
143
+ comma and Tom is bringing soft drinks to the
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:44,730 --> 00:02:47,910
147
+ picnic or another example we don't need to bring
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:47,910 --> 00:02:53,490
151
+ raincoats comma for the sun is shining brightly so
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:53,490 --> 00:02:57,710
155
+ after or before sorry fanboys coordinating
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,710 --> 00:03:02,170
159
+ conjunctions we use a comma a third tool for using
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:02,170 --> 00:03:06,260
163
+ comma is thatwe use it after a dependent clause
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:06,260 --> 00:03:09,880
167
+ for instance when they begin a sentence for
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:09,880 --> 00:03:15,940
171
+ example although I was sick, I went to my classes
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:15,940 --> 00:03:20,560
175
+ or because it was raining, the game was chess so
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:20,560 --> 00:03:25,020
179
+ after dependent clause we use when they begin a
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:25,020 --> 00:03:29,360
183
+ sentence and number fourand this is something new
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:29,360 --> 00:03:33,540
187
+ to separate certain phrases from the rest of the
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:33,540 --> 00:03:36,600
191
+ sentence that is to say if there is some extra
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:40,300
195
+ information we sort of separate it from the rest
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:40,300 --> 00:03:43,820
199
+ of the sentence by using a comma at the beginning
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:43,820 --> 00:03:47,720
203
+ and comma at the end of this extra information for
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:52,370
207
+ example let's look at this example malariaonce a
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:52,370 --> 00:03:55,590
211
+ widespread disease ูƒู…ู‡ ูƒู…ู‡ this is we consider it
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:55,590 --> 00:03:58,890
215
+ as a extra information so we sort of separate it
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:58,890 --> 00:04:03,850
219
+ from there is a sentence by ูƒู…ู‡ or Mr. Obamathis
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:03,850 --> 00:04:07,270
223
+ is something called a positive or sort of extra
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:07,270 --> 00:04:11,930
227
+ information we put it between commas or the amazon
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:11,930 --> 00:04:17,810
231
+ the second largest slur is four thousand mile long
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:17,810 --> 00:04:20,530
235
+ so this is considered extra information so we sort
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:20,530 --> 00:04:23,030
239
+ of separate it from the rest of the sentence by
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:23,030 --> 00:04:26,650
243
+ using a comma number five is something similar
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:26,650 --> 00:04:30,890
247
+ which isto separate extra information adjectives
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:30,890 --> 00:04:35,850
251
+ clauses for example the Nile which is the longest
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:35,850 --> 00:04:40,290
255
+ river in the world ูƒู…ู‡ ูƒู…ู‡ is four thousand one
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:40,290 --> 00:04:43,250
259
+ hundred and sixty miles long notice that this is
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:43,250 --> 00:04:46,730
263
+ we consider it an adjective clause but sort of not
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:46,730 --> 00:04:49,590
267
+ necessary okay we'll talk about it later that is
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:49,590 --> 00:04:52,850
271
+ sort of called non-restrictive non-defining clause
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:52,850 --> 00:04:58,350
275
+ we use a ูƒู…ู‡ to separate it fromthe main sentence
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:58,350 --> 00:05:03,970
279
+ or we can say my new computer which I bought
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:03,970 --> 00:05:09,110
283
+ yesterday stopped working today so adjective close
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:09,110 --> 00:05:12,010
287
+ is considered extra information that is to say non
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:12,010 --> 00:05:15,740
291
+ essential information to the sentenceWe sorrow
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:15,740 --> 00:05:20,620
295
+ separated by using commas. All right? And finally,
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:23,320
299
+ this is something that I'm sure that you will know
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:23,320 --> 00:05:27,280
303
+ to separate elements in a series of things, okay?
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:27,380 --> 00:05:29,720
307
+ In a list of things. When we are listing a number
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:29,720 --> 00:05:33,440
311
+ of things, we separate each one of these items by
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:37,340
315
+ using a comma. For example, the English professor
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:37,340 --> 00:05:43,120
319
+ adjusted her glasses, arranged her notes,grated
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:43,120 --> 00:05:47,580
323
+ the students comma and began her lecture or the
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:47,580 --> 00:05:51,600
327
+ other way her room was spooky cold comma cold
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:57,290
331
+ comma dark comma and so these arewe separate the
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:57,290 --> 00:06:01,570
335
+ elements in a series with using a comma before
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:01,570 --> 00:06:05,210
339
+ each one of these items this is clearุŸ so we have
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:05,210 --> 00:06:08,430
343
+ six rules generally very important six rules that
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:08,430 --> 00:06:12,350
347
+ we can use to for using commas in other words for
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:12,350 --> 00:06:15,770
351
+ example after introductory words before fanboys
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:15,770 --> 00:06:19,330
355
+ coordinating conjunctions after dependent clause
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:19,330 --> 00:06:22,710
359
+ to separate extra informationto separate
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:22,710 --> 00:06:25,250
363
+ adjectives if you close extra information and
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:25,250 --> 00:06:29,150
367
+ finally number six to separate elements in a
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:29,150 --> 00:06:32,210
371
+ series okay is this clear all right let's apply
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:32,210 --> 00:06:36,130
375
+ these six rules to these sentences just consider
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:36,130 --> 00:06:40,430
379
+ these ones and try to know where or to use commas
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:40,430 --> 00:06:44,110
383
+ where necessary all right just very quickly read
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:44,110 --> 00:06:47,270
387
+ one these ones and use commas where necessary
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:50,420
391
+ All right. Let's see the first one. Yes please
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:50,420 --> 00:07:54,180
395
+ here. Oil which is lighter than water rises to the
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:54,180 --> 00:07:57,140
399
+ surface which is lighter than water. Very nice.
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:57,220 --> 00:08:01,840
403
+ Oil which is lighter than water rises to the
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:04,280
407
+ surface. All right. So this is sort of extra
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:06,580
411
+ information adjectively closed non-essential
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:06,580 --> 00:08:09,920
415
+ information and therefore we separated it from the
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:09,920 --> 00:08:12,300
419
+ rest of the sentence by using commas. Yes please
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:12,300 --> 00:08:17,350
423
+ number two.and some of them are the .. very nice
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:17,350 --> 00:08:19,850
427
+ and some of them .. why did you use a comma here
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:19,850 --> 00:08:22,790
431
+ before and? conjunction it's a coordinating
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:22,790 --> 00:08:25,250
435
+ conjunctions one of the fanboys we have an
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:25,250 --> 00:08:28,230
439
+ independent clause and another independent clause
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:28,230 --> 00:08:31,590
443
+ and we use a comma before them number three after
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:31,590 --> 00:08:36,410
447
+ surviving this hardship my friend felt very nice
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:36,410 --> 00:08:41,030
451
+ so after surviving this hardship my friend felt
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:41,710 --> 00:08:44,250
455
+ release preferred relieved all right so again we
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:44,250 --> 00:08:46,970
459
+ have a dependent clause and a private dependent
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:46,970 --> 00:08:49,870
463
+ clause and then we have a comma at the end of this
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:49,870 --> 00:08:53,550
467
+ dependent clause number four grammar yes please
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:53,550 --> 00:08:57,090
471
+ millions
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:57,090 --> 00:09:01,910
475
+ of copies very
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:01,910 --> 00:09:07,390
479
+ nice so we have Venice why is itthis because it's
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:07,390 --> 00:09:10,690
483
+ considered sort of an extra information and
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:10,690 --> 00:09:13,450
487
+ therefore we separated it from the main clause the
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:13,450 --> 00:09:18,390
491
+ main sentence is lama sold or has sold millions of
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:18,390 --> 00:09:22,030
495
+ copies all right number five number five yes
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:22,030 --> 00:09:26,850
499
+ please mr and mrs ali my parents best friends sat
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:26,850 --> 00:09:31,690
503
+ in front of us at the football game my parents
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:31,690 --> 00:09:36,330
507
+ best friendsvery nice so mr and mrs ali my parents
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:36,330 --> 00:09:40,190
511
+ best friends again this is extra information and
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:40,190 --> 00:09:42,550
515
+ therefore we separated it from the rest of the
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:42,550 --> 00:09:44,930
519
+ sentence let's continue the rest of these
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:44,930 --> 00:09:51,730
523
+ sentences and try to put commas where necessary
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:51,730 --> 00:09:52,890
527
+ yes please
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:16,580 --> 00:10:17,560
531
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒุŸ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:19,470 --> 00:11:26,730
535
+ all right okay yes please number six ูƒู…ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:26,730 --> 00:11:32,190
539
+ very nice to get tickets for this movie you have
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:32,190 --> 00:11:35,090
543
+ to order three months in advance this is sort of
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:38,350
547
+ an introductory phrase an introductory infinitive
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:38,350 --> 00:11:40,690
551
+ phrase and therefore we use the comma yes please
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:41,220 --> 00:11:44,780
555
+ Chris didn't see how he could organize write ูƒู†ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:44,780 --> 00:11:50,140
559
+ and he did his paper in only two hours so very
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:50,140 --> 00:11:50,420
563
+ nice
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:58,380 --> 00:12:02,040
567
+ edit this paper so we have a list of items and
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:02,040 --> 00:12:05,200
571
+ therefore we separated them by using commas
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:08,980
575
+ dolphin island located off the coast of Alabama is
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:08,980 --> 00:12:14,500
579
+ a favorite spot for fishing very nice located off
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:14,500 --> 00:12:20,480
583
+ the coast of Alabama dolphin island located off
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:23,930
587
+ the coast of AlabamaSo this is sort of extra
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:23,930 --> 00:12:27,270
591
+ information. It's a good spot, it's a favorite
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:27,270 --> 00:12:31,790
595
+ spot for fishing. Okay? So extra information. Yes
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:31,790 --> 00:12:33,890
599
+ please. Mark Adam, my cousin, hopes to graduate
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:33,890 --> 00:12:37,090
603
+ from law school in two years. My cousin. My
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:37,090 --> 00:12:41,470
607
+ cousin. So Mark Adam, my cousin. All right? Again,
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:41,730 --> 00:12:44,250
611
+ extra information. And finally, please. There are
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:44,250 --> 00:12:48,510
615
+ six headed jam, cauliflower, and camisole. Sugar.
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:49,150 --> 00:12:51,790
619
+ Very nice. So the recipe needed jam.
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:57,700 --> 00:13:02,260
623
+ and baking powder so we have a list of things a
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:02,260 --> 00:13:05,520
627
+ list of items and therefore we use commas for them
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:05,520 --> 00:13:09,960
631
+ all right very nice so now let's look at using
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:09,960 --> 00:13:15,840
635
+ columns when do I use a column all right it's very
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:15,840 --> 00:13:19,360
639
+ common to use columns but sometimes people don't
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:24,330
643
+ know how towhen or how to use or when to use a
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:24,330 --> 00:13:26,830
647
+ colon there are two simple rules that we need to
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:26,830 --> 00:13:30,470
651
+ remember whenever we use a colon all right a colon
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:30,470 --> 00:13:34,650
655
+ is often used to introduce to introduce a list of
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:34,650 --> 00:13:39,250
659
+ items so this is the first common use of the colon
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:39,250 --> 00:13:43,810
663
+ so is to introduce a list of items for example you
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:43,810 --> 00:13:47,990
667
+ will need to bring three things to the party colon
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:49,670 --> 00:13:53,030
671
+ what do I need to bring some food something to
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:53,030 --> 00:13:56,530
675
+ drink and a small gift for the hostess here I use
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:56,530 --> 00:14:01,070
679
+ the colon to introduce a list of items okay for
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:01,070 --> 00:14:05,330
683
+ example a second sentence in the bag with the
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:05,330 --> 00:14:09,570
687
+ following colon so here I'm again introducing a
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:09,570 --> 00:14:13,710
691
+ list of things all right scissors a hairbrush and
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:13,710 --> 00:14:17,230
695
+ her address book all right and a third example
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:18,430 --> 00:14:23,090
699
+ these are my favorite breakfast meals ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:23,090 --> 00:14:28,790
703
+ cornflakes scrambled eggs and peanut butter toast
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:28,790 --> 00:14:31,930
707
+ for example so what we have here is that I use a
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:31,930 --> 00:14:37,150
711
+ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฉ to introduce a list of items a second use
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:37,150 --> 00:14:42,250
715
+ is also for introducing but this time I am
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:42,250 --> 00:14:48,630
719
+ introducing an ideaan explanation or a definition
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:48,630 --> 00:14:52,230
723
+ okay for example I'll tell you what I am going to
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:52,230 --> 00:14:57,570
727
+ do colon I am going to quick here I am introducing
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:57,570 --> 00:15:02,210
731
+ an idea or introducing an explanation okay a
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:02,210 --> 00:15:05,930
735
+ second example these are the things I look for in
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:05,930 --> 00:15:09,530
739
+ a new house I'm introducing an idea here what are
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:09,530 --> 00:15:13,890
743
+ they modern spacious and luxurious sort of kind of
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:13,890 --> 00:15:17,550
747
+ a new house for example orwe have to stop these
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:17,550 --> 00:15:22,190
751
+ doing these harmful things colon what are they
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:22,190 --> 00:15:25,410
755
+ polluting the rivers burning fossil fuels and
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:25,410 --> 00:15:29,210
759
+ using our private cars for example or finally
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:29,210 --> 00:15:35,530
763
+ elephant noun colonA large grey mammal found in
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:35,530 --> 00:15:38,830
767
+ Africa and India. What we have here is clearly a
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:38,830 --> 00:15:41,770
771
+ definition and I introduce this definition by
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:41,770 --> 00:15:45,750
775
+ using a comma. So commas are used for two things
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:45,750 --> 00:15:49,820
779
+ to introduce a list of items orto use an
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:49,820 --> 00:15:53,580
783
+ explanation, an idea or a definition is this
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:53,580 --> 00:15:56,540
787
+ clear? yes very nice all right now let's move on
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:56,540 --> 00:15:59,460
791
+ to talk about using semicolons when do I use a
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:59,460 --> 00:16:01,740
795
+ semicolon? do you remember? we talked about this
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:01,740 --> 00:16:06,980
799
+ when we generally introduce two closely
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:06,980 --> 00:16:11,380
803
+ independent ideas so dependent clauses which are
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:11,380 --> 00:16:15,080
807
+ closely related in meaning which are closely
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:15,420 --> 00:16:18,480
811
+ related in meaning so we use a semicolon for
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:24,920
815
+ example mary drives a mercedes semicolon joanne
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:24,920 --> 00:16:28,740
819
+ drives a toyota so we have two independent clauses
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:28,740 --> 00:16:33,440
823
+ and they are and we use a semicolon to join them
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:33,440 --> 00:16:37,760
827
+ because the meaning is closely related these two
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:37,760 --> 00:16:40,740
831
+ independent clauses are clauses are closely
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:40,740 --> 00:16:44,750
835
+ related in meaning for examplehe ate six
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:44,750 --> 00:16:51,850
839
+ sandwiches he also got a stomachache or Tom always
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:51,850 --> 00:16:58,530
843
+ slept with the lights on he was afraid of the dark
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:58,530 --> 00:17:01,250
847
+ so the first use is whenever I have two
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:01,250 --> 00:17:04,430
851
+ independent clauses which are related in meaning
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:04,430 --> 00:17:08,920
855
+ we use or I can use a semicolonsecond use is that
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:08,920 --> 00:17:12,940
859
+ we have something called conjunctive adverbs the
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:12,940 --> 00:17:16,780
863
+ likes of however, furthermore, moreover,
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:20,460
867
+ nevertheless, as a result, on the other hand, for
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:20,460 --> 00:17:23,560
871
+ example, for instance and so on these are called
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:27,340
875
+ conjunctive adverbs whenever I use them especially
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:27,340 --> 00:17:31,100
879
+ to join two sentences I use a semicolon at the
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:31,100 --> 00:17:34,820
883
+ beginning and a comma afterwards for example he
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:34,820 --> 00:17:40,140
887
+ was very illsemi-colon therefore ูƒู…ุง he decided to
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:40,140 --> 00:17:44,260
891
+ take the day off he was poor semi-colon however
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:44,260 --> 00:17:48,540
895
+ ูƒู…ุง he loved apple so these conjunctive adverbs
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:48,540 --> 00:17:51,180
899
+ are generally used we use a semi-colon with them
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:51,180 --> 00:17:54,780
903
+ before them okay semi-colon therefore ูƒู…ุง semi
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:54,780 --> 00:17:58,920
907
+ -colon however ูƒู…ุง and so on is this clear yes so
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:04,640
911
+ two simple uses for semi-colons okay all right now
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:08,340
915
+ let's thisูุฃู†ุง ุณุฃูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉุŒ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃุถูŠู ูƒู„
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:08,340 --> 00:18:13,360
919
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุงุชุŒ ูุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ูุงู†ูƒุดู
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:13,360 --> 00:18:16,260
923
+ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุชุงุฌุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุถูŠู ุณูŠู…ูŠ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃูˆ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:16,260 --> 00:18:22,180
927
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูู„ุณุทูˆูƒุช ูˆ ูƒูุงุชู„ุŒ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:22,180 --> 00:18:22,760
931
+ ุงุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุงุฏุฎู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:57,630 --> 00:20:03,290
935
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:20:03,290 --> 00:20:07,270
939
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ู…ุนู‡ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:27,100 --> 00:20:39,020
943
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูƒูˆู† .. ู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:39,020 --> 00:20:39,400
947
+ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ..
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:57,050 --> 00:21:02,780
951
+ ุฃุญุณู†ุชุŒ ุฃุญุณู†ุชุŒ ุฃุญุณู†ุชุŒ ุฃุญุณู†ุชุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:02,780 --> 00:21:10,900
955
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:10,900 --> 00:21:24,980
959
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:31,260 --> 00:21:37,560
963
+ all right are we done? yes please professor smith
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:44,300
967
+ is a conference semicolon very nice comma however
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:21:44,300 --> 00:21:51,620
971
+ doctor is that right? yes john's who yes comma who
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:21:51,620 --> 00:21:56,700
975
+ is the president will be here very nice very very
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:21:56,700 --> 00:22:00,190
979
+ nice very good all rightyes please all right so
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:00,190 --> 00:22:04,310
983
+ what we see here is ูƒุงุจุชู† ู„ุชู† ุฃูˆู„ ุจุฑุณ ู…ู† ูƒูˆู„ู‡ ูƒู…ู‡
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:04,310 --> 00:22:08,430
987
+ and who is the president sort of we consider it is
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:08,430 --> 00:22:11,510
991
+ as essential information and therefore separating
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:11,510 --> 00:22:16,870
995
+ them with using commas yes please my favorite very
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:16,870 --> 00:22:21,850
999
+ nice my is capitalized yes go ahead include going
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:21,850 --> 00:22:23,170
1003
+ to movies
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:28,490 --> 00:22:34,530
1007
+ reading novels ูƒู…ุฉ and participating in some words
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:34,530 --> 00:22:38,330
1011
+ do you think we need a colon after include?
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:38,570 --> 00:22:41,710
1015
+ actually there is no need for it there is no need
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:41,710 --> 00:22:45,970
1019
+ for it okay but if I said my favorite hobbies
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:45,970 --> 00:22:49,870
1023
+ without the word include we can use a comma but
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:49,870 --> 00:22:52,670
1027
+ since we have the main verb here there is no need
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:22:52,670 --> 00:22:55,510
1031
+ for a colon all right so my favorite hobbies
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:22:55,510 --> 00:23:00,130
1035
+ include going to the moviesreading novels and
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:00,130 --> 00:23:03,390
1039
+ participating in a sport there is no need for a
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:03,390 --> 00:23:06,150
1043
+ colon after include okay because we have the
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:06,150 --> 00:23:10,070
1047
+ essential we have the main verb here yes please
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:10,070 --> 00:23:17,510
1051
+ uncertain all right so the future T is capitalized
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:17,510 --> 00:23:24,290
1055
+ very good so semicolon for example illegal
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:24,290 --> 00:23:28,590
1059
+ shooting and chemical poisoningthreaten the bald
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:28,590 --> 00:23:31,690
1063
+ eagle for example if you have a fork stop don't
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:31,690 --> 00:23:34,550
1067
+ forget the fork stop yes please some people feel
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:34,550 --> 00:23:37,330
1071
+ that grades are unnecessary others feel grades
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:37,330 --> 00:23:40,490
1075
+ motivate them to change some capitalized okay some
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:40,490 --> 00:23:44,670
1079
+ is capitalized and then we have comma after where
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:44,670 --> 00:23:47,950
1083
+ before others no we don't use a comma here that
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:47,950 --> 00:23:53,580
1087
+ would be a comma spliced we have a semicolonOkay
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:53,580 --> 00:23:57,420
1091
+ two sentences closely related in meaning we use a
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:57,420 --> 00:24:00,420
1095
+ semicolon between them so some people feel their
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:00,420 --> 00:24:03,780
1099
+ grades are necessary semicolon others feel that
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:03,780 --> 00:24:08,060
1103
+ grades motivate students and number five
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:08,060 --> 00:24:14,600
1107
+ advertising is essential yes please advertising is
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:18,180
1111
+ capitalized is essential to free your students
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:23,490
1115
+ enterprise system ูŠุช very nice we have a comma
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:23,490 --> 00:24:27,290
1119
+ because it's one of those pen points yet it can
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:27,290 --> 00:24:30,610
1123
+ sometimes be very annoying and we have a
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:30,610 --> 00:24:33,830
1127
+ apostrophe okay let's continue the remaining
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:33,830 --> 00:24:37,190
1131
+ sentences all right and the same thing punctuate
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:37,190 --> 00:24:44,170
1135
+ where necessary yes
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:44,170 --> 00:24:45,470
1139
+ please very quickly please
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:01,370 --> 00:25:04,850
1143
+ ู…ุด ูƒู†ุช ู…ุงุจุชุนุฑูุด
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:04,850 --> 00:25:08,670
1147
+ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒูˆู‡ู† ู…ุด ู…ุงุจุชุนุฑูุด ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒูˆู‡ู† ู…ุด
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:08,670 --> 00:25:10,330
1151
+ ู…ุงุจุชุนุฑูุด ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒูˆู‡ู† ู…ุด ู…ุงุจุชุนุฑูุด ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒูˆู‡ู†
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:10,330 --> 00:25:21,810
1155
+ ู…ุด ู…ุงุจุชุนุฑูุด ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒูˆู‡ู† ู…ุด ู…ุงุจุชุนุฑูุด ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:21,810 --> 00:25:23,150
1159
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูƒูˆู‡ู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:30,510 --> 00:25:33,630
1163
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุญุงุณุณู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:33,630 --> 00:25:38,690
1167
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:38,690 --> 00:25:40,250
1171
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:40,250 --> 00:25:40,890
1175
+ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:40,890 --> 00:25:41,210
1179
+ ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:41,210 --> 00:25:41,730
1183
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:41,730 --> 00:25:42,110
1187
+ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:42,110 --> 00:25:43,270
1191
+ ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:43,270 --> 00:25:43,270
1195
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:43,270 --> 00:25:49,090
1199
+ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:49,090 --> 00:25:54,070
1203
+ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:54,070 --> 00:25:55,470
1207
+ ุงู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ููŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:08,170 --> 00:26:19,390
1211
+ ุณุงุจุน ุณุงุจุน ุณุงุจุน ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุณุงุจุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงุฎุฑ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:19,390 --> 00:26:23,010
1215
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงุฎุฑ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:52,450 --> 00:26:56,170
1219
+ circulation ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ .. ุนุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:26:56,170 --> 00:26:57,510
1223
+ ุฌุงู„ุณ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ูƒุชุจ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:02,190 --> 00:27:05,410
1227
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ุช ู…ุด ุนุดุงู† ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุงู†ุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:05,410 --> 00:27:06,910
1231
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:06,910 --> 00:27:08,410
1235
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:08,410 --> 00:27:09,410
1239
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:09,410 --> 00:27:11,510
1243
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:11,510 --> 00:27:14,730
1247
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:14,730 --> 00:27:15,990
1251
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:15,990 --> 00:27:15,990
1255
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:15,990 --> 00:27:20,530
1259
+ ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:20,530 --> 00:27:27,290
1263
+ ุฃู†ุง ุงุชูุฑุฌ ูˆ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:27,290 --> 00:27:27,290
1267
+ ุฃู†ุง ุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:42,020 --> 00:27:46,820
1271
+ Alright let's see number six and yes please The
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:46,820 --> 00:27:50,300
1275
+ library offers many special services ู„ุฃ ูƒู… ุชู„ุงุช
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:50,300 --> 00:27:52,820
1279
+ Varies so T is the library is the beginning of the
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:52,820 --> 00:27:56,680
1283
+ sentence service ูƒู…ู‡ service ูƒู…ู‡ or actually
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:56,680 --> 00:28:00,660
1287
+ economyWhy is it a colon here? Because I'm
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:00,660 --> 00:28:03,920
1291
+ introducing the list of things. For example, what
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:03,920 --> 00:28:07,280
1295
+ are these special services? The student learning
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:07,280 --> 00:28:15,060
1299
+ center, the follow record library, and the group
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:15,060 --> 00:28:18,560
1303
+ study rooms. And we have full stop. So I used a
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:18,560 --> 00:28:22,020
1307
+ colon here because I am introducing the list of
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:22,020 --> 00:28:26,460
1311
+ items, the list of things. So I used a colon. Yes,
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:27,080
1315
+ Iman, please.
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:37,040
1319
+ so T yes of course very
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:37,040 --> 00:28:46,600
1323
+ nice ูƒู…ุง you should follow these okay
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:53,500
1327
+ you should follow these procedures very nice okay
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:53,500 --> 00:29:00,040
1331
+ write down the whole number of the book ูƒู…ุง fine
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:00,760 --> 00:29:06,400
1335
+ very nice bring it to the circulation fill out the
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:15,240
1339
+ core and show your ID alright so here to check a
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:15,240 --> 00:29:19,020
1343
+ book out of the library you should follow these
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:29:19,020 --> 00:29:23,160
1347
+ procedures colon what are they? these are the
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:29:23,160 --> 00:29:27,360
1351
+ procedures that you have to follow number eight I
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:29:27,360 --> 00:29:30,520
1355
+ have only one thing to say yes pleaseI have only
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:30,520 --> 00:29:34,980
1359
+ one thing to say to you colon very nice get off my
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:34,980 --> 00:29:41,160
1363
+ land so balance I have only one thing to say to
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:45,940
1367
+ you colon get off why is it why did you use colon
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:45,940 --> 00:29:49,920
1371
+ here because I'm introducing an idea or an
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:49,920 --> 00:29:53,320
1375
+ explanation I have one thing to say to you what is
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:53,320 --> 00:29:56,680
1379
+ that colon get off my land leave my land all right
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:56,680 --> 00:30:00,620
1383
+ full stopall right so I use a colon here because
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:00,620 --> 00:30:05,300
1387
+ I'm producing an idea in kind in in in the form of
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:05,300 --> 00:30:13,740
1391
+ an explanation nine even even if you fail at least
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:13,740 --> 00:30:19,120
1395
+ you try and capitalize you are very nice so even
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:19,120 --> 00:30:25,080
1399
+ capitalized even if you fail comma dependent
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:25,080 --> 00:30:35,510
1403
+ clauseAt least you tried and you are a
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:35,510 --> 00:30:40,230
1407
+ better person for it. So even if you fail, because
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:40,230 --> 00:30:43,450
1411
+ it's a dependent clause, at least you tried, and
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:43,450 --> 00:30:48,010
1415
+ you are a better person for it.ุช ุงูŠ full stop okay
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:48,010 --> 00:30:50,990
1419
+ is this clear all right so what we've done so far
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:50,990 --> 00:30:55,230
1423
+ is looking at different different fools for using
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:55,230 --> 00:30:58,490
1427
+ commas columns and semicolons now we come to the
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:58,490 --> 00:31:01,290
1431
+ rather difficult exercise and this is the last
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:01,290 --> 00:31:03,950
1435
+ exercise this is please very quickly read this
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:03,950 --> 00:31:10,330
1439
+ paragraph and what i'd like you is to use commas
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:10,330 --> 00:31:14,950
1443
+ columns semicolons and full stops where necessary
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:15,280 --> 00:31:18,120
1447
+ In other words punctuate this paragraph
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:41,650 --> 00:32:45,470
1451
+ ู…ุด ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:51,790 --> 00:32:59,610
1455
+ ู…ุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:59,610 --> 00:33:02,510
1459
+ ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด ู…ุงู†ุนุด
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:18,230 --> 00:33:41,410
1463
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:41,410 --> 00:33:43,230
1467
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:53,020 --> 00:33:58,140
1471
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:58,140 --> 00:34:01,360
1475
+ ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:34:01,360 --> 00:34:03,960
1479
+ ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด ู…ุด ู‡ุชุณุงู‚ู‚ุด
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:28,720 --> 00:34:33,260
1483
+ All right let's start with the .. yes please
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:33,260 --> 00:34:37,000
1487
+ Australia which is the home of many unusual
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:42,760
1491
+ animals is the home of the kangaroo Australia
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:42,760 --> 00:34:46,940
1495
+ which is the home of many unusual animals
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:51,820 --> 00:34:55,260
1499
+ very nice now who would like to continue all right
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:55,260 --> 00:35:04,820
1503
+ yes please pockets or pouches all right kangaroos
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:35:04,820 --> 00:35:10,560
1507
+ are animals that have pockets or pouches full stop
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:35:10,560 --> 00:35:13,900
1511
+ all right guess we finished the idea and we have a
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:35:13,900 --> 00:35:19,800
1515
+ full stop and after that a kangaroo babywhich is
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:24,660
1519
+ only about the size of a little bird ูƒู…ุง when it
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:24,660 --> 00:35:30,660
1523
+ is born okay see how it can be confusing all right
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:30,660 --> 00:35:34,480
1527
+ let's see I would like to try again what you've
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:36,720
1531
+ done is good but we need just to complete the
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:36,720 --> 00:35:40,300
1535
+ sentence yes which is
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:43,850 --> 00:35:48,710
1539
+ No for stops okay let's read it now a kangaroo
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:48,710 --> 00:35:51,730
1543
+ baby which is the only about the size of a little
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:51,730 --> 00:35:55,430
1547
+ bird when it is born coma lives in its mother's
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:55,430 --> 00:36:00,470
1551
+ pouch until its back and legs have grown strong
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:36:00,470 --> 00:36:04,370
1555
+ strong see now it is a complete idea now does it
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:36:04,370 --> 00:36:08,210
1559
+ make sense it does actually now makes makes sense
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:36:08,210 --> 00:36:12,250
1563
+ actually makes senseSo a kangaroo baby which is
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:12,250 --> 00:36:15,930
1567
+ about the size of a little bird when it is born,
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:16,450 --> 00:36:18,970
1571
+ this is the witchy close, the adjective close,
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:19,250 --> 00:36:23,390
1575
+ lives in its mother's pouch until its legs and
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:23,390 --> 00:36:26,630
1579
+ back have grown strong. Would you like to
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:26,630 --> 00:36:32,810
1583
+ continue? Yes please, Iman please. Kangaroos come
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:32,810 --> 00:36:35,990
1587
+ up which have very long legs, come up .. Very
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:35,990 --> 00:36:42,090
1591
+ nice, can ..fierce kicks to other animals full
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:42,090 --> 00:36:47,710
1595
+ stop okay kangaroos which have very long legs
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:47,710 --> 00:36:53,990
1599
+ comma comma can make fierce kicks to other animals
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:53,990 --> 00:37:01,290
1603
+ and finally other animals yes other animals which
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:37:01,290 --> 00:37:05,350
1607
+ in pouches are comma
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:37:17,520 --> 00:37:21,580
1611
+ ูƒู…ุง which rear their babies in pouches ูƒู…ุง this is
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:37:21,580 --> 00:37:26,060
1615
+ the adjective closed are possums ูƒู…ุง wombats and
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:37:26,060 --> 00:37:29,540
1619
+ ูƒูˆุง so what we see here are lots of ูƒู…ุง and as you
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:37:29,540 --> 00:37:32,540
1623
+ can see we have to be very careful about using
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:32,540 --> 00:37:35,840
1627
+ punctuation marks because it can sometimes be
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:39,880
1631
+ confusing to the reader if we misplacedone comma
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:37:39,880 --> 00:37:42,480
1635
+ with a full stop or one comma with a semicolon or
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:37:42,480 --> 00:37:46,980
1639
+ a colon and so on okay does anyone have any
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:37:46,980 --> 00:37:50,340
1643
+ question all right very nice so just go over what
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:37:50,340 --> 00:37:53,640
1647
+ we've done today just do some revisions and i'll
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:37:53,640 --> 00:37:56,140
1651
+ see you next time inshallah thank you very much
1652
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/Bcsayo3OXr8_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:22,970
3
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morningุŒ how are you todayุŸ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:22,970 --> 00:00:25,470
7
+ Very good. All right. Today we are looking at a
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,470 --> 00:00:29,070
11
+ very important topic which is both related to
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,070 --> 00:00:32,650
15
+ writing and also grammar and this is about
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:32,650 --> 00:00:35,850
19
+ pluralism. I hope that you prepared for this
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:35,850 --> 00:00:39,610
23
+ lecture.but before we start we would like to
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:39,610 --> 00:00:42,270
27
+ introduce Layla and she's going to give us a quick
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,270 --> 00:00:44,590
31
+ presentation on the topic and then we'll take it
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,590 --> 00:00:46,890
35
+ from there so the floor is yours Layla please
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:46,890 --> 00:00:49,450
39
+ thank you ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… everyone I'm Layla Abu
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:49,450 --> 00:00:52,230
43
+ Hashim today we're talking about parallelism it's
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,230 --> 00:00:57,370
47
+ a very easy topic parallelism the main idea is to
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,370 --> 00:01:01,410
51
+ be the same grammatic structure that the sentence
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:01,410 --> 00:01:05,610
55
+ has to be balanced in grammars so let's look at
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,610 --> 00:01:09,270
59
+ the first examplewhen talking to the group he
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:09,270 --> 00:01:12,650
63
+ spoke sincerely and with passion here we have
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:12,650 --> 00:01:19,570
67
+ sincerely it's a live verb and with passion it's a
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:19,570 --> 00:01:24,190
71
+ phrase right? so here there's no balance in
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:24,190 --> 00:01:27,550
75
+ grammar so the right way to say it is sincerely
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,550 --> 00:01:30,870
79
+ and passionately it's passionately
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:35,390 --> 00:01:40,430
83
+ Okay passionately Okay let's move to the other
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:40,430 --> 00:01:44,570
87
+ example The cafeteria was messy, noisy, and it was
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:44,570 --> 00:01:48,130
91
+ crowded What's the problem in that example? It
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:48,130 --> 00:01:53,430
95
+ wasn't clever Yes Rowan It wasn't clever Yeah here
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:53,430 --> 00:01:59,930
99
+ we have two adjectives Here's adjective and
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:59,930 --> 00:02:05,920
103
+ adjectiveand was he crowded it's a clause yeah so
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:11,960
107
+ anyone could tell me the right .. how to correct
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:11,960 --> 00:02:20,400
111
+ itุŸ yeah quasi-crowded without quasi-crowded okay
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:20,400 --> 00:02:24,600
115
+ so here's the idea we have to make the sentence
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:28,990
119
+ balancedlet's move to the third one trying
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:28,990 --> 00:02:32,430
123
+ desperately to find his keys he locked in his
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:32,430 --> 00:02:37,030
127
+ bedroom, the sofa and the kitchen corner here we
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:37,030 --> 00:02:43,610
131
+ have two phrases that he locked in his bedroom and
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:43,610 --> 00:02:49,770
135
+ kitchen corner and we have one noun it's sofa so
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:49,770 --> 00:02:54,820
139
+ we can say that two phrases in one nounit has to
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:54,820 --> 00:02:59,500
143
+ be a paras so the right way to say it is under the
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:03,300
147
+ sofa under
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:07,140
151
+ the sofa because
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:07,140 --> 00:03:11,600
155
+ the sentence has to be the same grammar structure
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:16,380
159
+ let's move to the last example anyone can read it?
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:20,590
163
+ you wanna share? that's okayUniversity students
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:20,590 --> 00:03:24,170
167
+ use the internet to research essay topics,
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:24,870 --> 00:03:27,650
171
+ business people use it to hold video conferences
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:27,650 --> 00:03:31,530
175
+ and it is used by teacher to deliver homework
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:31,530 --> 00:03:32,270
179
+ assignments
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:34,970 --> 00:03:42,830
183
+ two phrases two phrases
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:42,830 --> 00:03:50,390
187
+ active voice and one phrase passive voice because
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:50,390 --> 00:03:54,090
191
+ we want it to be the same grammar structure as we
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:54,090 --> 00:04:01,830
195
+ said we will correct teacher used by teacher we
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:01,830 --> 00:04:05,550
199
+ have to say teacher used it to so and so and soso
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:05,550 --> 00:04:14,390
203
+ teacher uses to deliver homework assignment it's
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:14,390 --> 00:04:18,530
207
+ not capital U so this is .. it's very easy topic
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:18,530 --> 00:04:22,570
211
+ and this is the main idea of parallelism you have
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:22,570 --> 00:04:26,510
215
+ to make the sentence the same grammar structure
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:26,510 --> 00:04:29,710
219
+ and balanced grammatically and thank you I hope
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:29,710 --> 00:04:35,250
223
+ you understood everythingุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง ู„ูƒ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู…
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:35,250 --> 00:04:40,970
227
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุนู† ุงู„ ParalysmุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุณุชุนุฏ ูˆู…ู…ูŠุฒ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:40,970 --> 00:04:45,390
231
+ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ. ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู„ูŠู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ Paralysm ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู†
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:45,390 --> 00:04:49,820
235
+ ุจูŠู† ุฌุฒุกูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉof the sentence especially if we
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:49,820 --> 00:04:53,080
239
+ are listing especially if we are listing a thing
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:55,920
243
+ so we will introduce a quick we will give a quick
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:55,920 --> 00:04:59,100
247
+ presentation of what parallelism is and then we
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:59,100 --> 00:05:01,680
251
+ will have some exercises it's not it's not a
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:05,940
255
+ difficult topic as much as it is about just all
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:05,940 --> 00:05:08,780
259
+ right so parallelism is basically about balance
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:08,780 --> 00:05:11,740
263
+ like what Layla just say it's about linking
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:11,740 --> 00:05:14,140
267
+ together grammatical parts or grammatical
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:14,140 --> 00:05:18,610
271
+ structures ina sentenceุŒ so if we have a series of
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:18,610 --> 00:05:22,450
275
+ items, all the items in a series must have the
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:22,450 --> 00:05:24,670
279
+ same grammatical structure whether they are
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:24,670 --> 00:05:29,010
283
+ infinitives or gerunds or phrases or clauses or
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:29,010 --> 00:05:32,290
287
+ adjectives and so on and so forth let's look at
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:32,290 --> 00:05:36,480
291
+ this sentence and see what is the problem hereTom
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:40,460
295
+ ate his dinner, watched his favorite TV program
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:40,460 --> 00:05:44,420
299
+ and going to bed later at night. What is the
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:44,420 --> 00:05:47,680
303
+ problem here in this sentenceุŸ Clearly it is about
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:50,840
307
+ food because what we have here is a verb tense,
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:50,980 --> 00:05:54,570
311
+ past verb tensePast Vertex what we have here is a
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:54,570 --> 00:05:57,670
315
+ German ing present participle and this is not
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:57,670 --> 00:06:00,610
319
+ parallel this is not a balance sort of
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:00,610 --> 00:06:04,850
323
+ presentation of the different items in a series so
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:04,850 --> 00:06:08,030
327
+ it shouldn't look like this okay they all have to
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:08,030 --> 00:06:12,470
331
+ have the same type or the same form of or the same
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:12,470 --> 00:06:15,990
335
+ structure now if we fix this same sentence it
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:15,990 --> 00:06:21,460
339
+ would be something like Tom ate his dinner whatand
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:21,460 --> 00:06:25,740
343
+ when not going when so we all have the three verb
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:25,740 --> 00:06:29,300
347
+ tenses in the past and they should look like this
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:29,300 --> 00:06:32,360
351
+ all belonging to the same time to the same
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:32,360 --> 00:06:35,220
355
+ category and so on so this is what we mean by
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:35,220 --> 00:06:38,260
359
+ parallelism if we are listing a number of things
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:38,260 --> 00:06:41,400
363
+ so parallel structure like I just said can be a
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:41,400 --> 00:06:44,820
367
+ word can be a phrase can be a sentence can be a
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:44,820 --> 00:06:47,560
371
+ clause and so on and so forth let's consider some
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:52,190
375
+ examples for example first oneI'm reading about
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:52,190 --> 00:06:56,970
379
+ dogs, cats and birds so what we have here are
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:56,970 --> 00:07:02,110
383
+ words and they are all nouns and the second one I
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:02,110 --> 00:07:07,070
387
+ plan to walk a dog, write a letter and go to Petra
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:07,070 --> 00:07:10,010
391
+ so what we have here is again a verb phrase, a
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:10,010 --> 00:07:14,130
395
+ phrase starting with a verb and number three is he
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:14,130 --> 00:07:19,610
399
+ wastalking on a phone and doing his homework it
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:19,610 --> 00:07:21,910
403
+ shouldn't be he was talking on a phone and to do
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:21,910 --> 00:07:25,830
407
+ his homework it has to be doing his home homework
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:25,830 --> 00:07:27,870
411
+ some more examples would be something like this
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:27,870 --> 00:07:30,530
415
+ it's not just a word or a phrase it can be a
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:30,530 --> 00:07:34,750
419
+ clause for example we expect that the dinner will
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:34,750 --> 00:07:39,810
423
+ be over by 9pm and that so what we have here is a
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:39,810 --> 00:07:43,550
427
+ balanced structure of that clause okay and number
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:43,550 --> 00:07:49,230
431
+ four the roadcrosses the river and climbs up the
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:49,230 --> 00:07:53,830
435
+ mountain so in both cases if we are introducing
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:53,830 --> 00:07:57,550
439
+ more than one structure and the car is parked in
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:57,550 --> 00:08:02,370
443
+ front of the truck and behind the motorcycle so
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:02,370 --> 00:08:06,510
447
+ what we have here is again a prepositional phrase
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:06,510 --> 00:08:10,010
451
+ both are prepositional phrases so this is actually
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:10,010 --> 00:08:13,130
455
+ what we mean by parallelism what is the problem
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:13,130 --> 00:08:16,850
459
+ here again some more exercisesMary likes hiking,
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:17,150 --> 00:08:20,830
463
+ swimming and to ride a bicycle. It should be the
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:20,830 --> 00:08:23,650
467
+ correct one. Very nice. It should be Mary likes
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:23,650 --> 00:08:27,710
471
+ hiking, swimming and riding a motorcycle or a
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:27,710 --> 00:08:32,490
475
+ bicycle. Okay? What is wrong here? I'm trying to
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:32,490 --> 00:08:35,870
479
+ fix it. The production manager was asked to write
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:35,870 --> 00:08:39,990
483
+ his report quickly, accurately and in a thorough
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:39,990 --> 00:08:46,430
487
+ manner.So what we have here is an adverb, another
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:46,430 --> 00:08:49,710
491
+ adverb but here is a preposition and a phrase So
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:49,710 --> 00:08:54,450
495
+ how can we fix itุŸ So quickly, accurately and
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:54,450 --> 00:08:57,710
499
+ thoroughly So we change it into thoroughly.
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:57,810 --> 00:09:00,230
503
+ Thoroughly means accurately, meticulously.
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:00,710 --> 00:09:03,850
507
+ Thoroughly means accurately already in a detailed
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:03,850 --> 00:09:10,290
511
+ way So what is wrong here again and how can we fix
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:10,290 --> 00:09:17,290
515
+ itุŸ The cultureุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุงู…ูˆุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆ ู„ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:17,290 --> 00:09:21,110
519
+ ูŠุฃูƒู„ูˆุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆ ูŠูุนู„ูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:21,110 --> 00:09:29,910
523
+ ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉ ูˆ ูŠูุนู„ูˆุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:29,910 --> 00:09:34,750
527
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจูŠุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:37,930 --> 00:09:42,190
531
+ ุฃูˆ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ูุนู„ู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุจ ุฃุฎุจุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:42,190 --> 00:09:49,930
535
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠุฃูƒู„ูˆุง ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุฃูƒู„ูˆุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจู…ุฌุฑู…
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:49,930 --> 00:09:52,910
539
+ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ. ูุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุจุงู„ูู†ุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุจู‚ู‰
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:52,910 --> 00:09:58,370
543
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ู„ู„ุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:58,370 --> 00:09:59,490
547
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡.
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:04,170 --> 00:10:08,310
551
+ the dictionary can be used for these purposes to
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:08,310 --> 00:10:13,560
555
+ find word meaningsto find word meanings, clear
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:13,560 --> 00:10:16,700
559
+ pronunciations, correct spellings and looking up
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:16,700 --> 00:10:22,220
563
+ irregular verbs okay so the problem is here which
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:22,220 --> 00:10:25,580
567
+ is not the same as these ones these ones are noun
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:25,580 --> 00:10:28,740
571
+ phrases word meanings, correct spellings, clear
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:28,740 --> 00:10:31,440
575
+ pronunciations whereas this one is a participial
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:34,180
579
+ phrase beginning with a gerund with a verb plus
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:34,180 --> 00:10:39,320
583
+ ingit could be something like correct spellings
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:46,220
587
+ and irregular verbs now it is a verb but now it is
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:46,220 --> 00:10:49,800
591
+ it is a noun phrase okay so we don't need looking
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:55,240
595
+ up all of them now are noun phrases okay this is
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:55,240 --> 00:11:03,220
599
+ clear yes all right let's just do aand see if
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:03,220 --> 00:11:08,860
603
+ these sentences are parallel or not parallel okay
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:08,860 --> 00:11:11,100
607
+ let's look at the first one and check if this is a
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:11,100 --> 00:11:13,900
611
+ correct sentence or a parallel sentence or it has
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:13,900 --> 00:11:18,100
615
+ a problem in the balance of their grammatical
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:18,100 --> 00:11:25,530
619
+ structure okayThe manager wanted a staff who
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:25,530 --> 00:11:30,970
623
+ arrived on time, smiled at customers and worked
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:30,970 --> 00:11:33,970
627
+ hard on tasks. Correct or not? Yes it is a
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:33,970 --> 00:11:37,350
631
+ balanced structure. Okay let's see the second one.
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:38,070 --> 00:11:40,550
635
+ The second one. Yes please. ุงู„accession can
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:40,550 --> 00:11:42,570
639
+ include reading for pleasure, playing with your
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:42,570 --> 00:11:45,750
643
+ friends or to participate in sports. Okay so is it
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:45,750 --> 00:11:48,850
647
+ parallel? Of course not. We have here is German
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:48,850 --> 00:11:52,250
651
+ and German but this one is infinitive so it has to
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:52,250 --> 00:11:57,370
655
+ be and or participating. Participating in sports
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:57,370 --> 00:12:02,310
659
+ activities. Number three.one way to fight stress
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:02,310 --> 00:12:07,230
663
+ is to discuss your problem with either a friend or
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:07,230 --> 00:12:11,890
667
+ a relative yes it is a balance a correct structure
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:11,890 --> 00:12:14,710
671
+ all right so this is what we mean by the idea of
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:14,710 --> 00:12:17,910
675
+ the balance let's do some more activities now and
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:17,910 --> 00:12:21,810
679
+ choose the correct one from a b c or d yes please
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:33,650 --> 00:12:38,210
683
+ it has to be C is that correct? yes during our
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:38,210 --> 00:12:41,910
687
+ vacation in Egypt we hope to eat delicious food to
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:45,170
691
+ enjoy beautiful sunsets and to visit amazing so
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:45,170 --> 00:12:48,290
695
+ infinitive infinitive and infinitive and the
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:48,290 --> 00:12:52,710
699
+ second one correct? yes please read it please
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:07,280 --> 00:13:10,260
703
+ it has to be parallel structure so which are the
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:10,260 --> 00:13:14,060
707
+ three who .. yes please .. yes Leah please parent
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:14,060 --> 00:13:16,980
711
+ thought that Ray was everything she wanted in a
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:16,980 --> 00:13:21,020
715
+ husband for they were tall intelligent and it has
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:21,020 --> 00:13:25,420
719
+ to be because they are all adjectives okay so
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:25,420 --> 00:13:28,540
723
+ adjective adjective and the last one is actually
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:28,540 --> 00:13:34,180
727
+ an adjective all right number threePasta boiling
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:34,180 --> 00:13:37,760
731
+ in water continue please yes please
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:56,410 --> 00:14:06,130
735
+ Difficult? No. Yes please. So it
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:06,130 --> 00:14:10,010
739
+ has to be B. Yes because we have pasta boiling,
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:10,730 --> 00:14:15,190
743
+ tomato sauce simmering and garlic bread baking so
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:15,190 --> 00:14:18,170
747
+ it has to be B because we have the same
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:18,170 --> 00:14:21,410
751
+ grammatical structure okay. Number four.
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:31,470 --> 00:14:34,430
755
+ all right that should be an easy one yes please at
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:34,430 --> 00:14:40,890
759
+ the back it has to be B yes it has to be B yes I
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:40,890 --> 00:14:43,290
763
+ don't ever want to be friends with Adam because he
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:43,290 --> 00:14:48,450
767
+ is too decorative too noisy and too polite so
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:48,450 --> 00:14:52,130
771
+ again we have adjective phrases in the three cases
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:52,130 --> 00:14:55,450
775
+ in the three structures okay the last one I think
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:16,410 --> 00:15:19,210
779
+ To buy a birthday gift for his friend, the average
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:19,210 --> 00:15:23,330
783
+ business is the florist for roses, the shop for a
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:23,330 --> 00:15:26,330
787
+ box of chocolates and the jeweler for inexpensive
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:26,330 --> 00:15:29,190
791
+ gold rings. Okay, so it has to be again .. be the
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:29,190 --> 00:15:33,130
795
+ jeweler for inexpensive .. so we have the florist
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:33,130 --> 00:15:36,170
799
+ for roses, the shop for a box of chocolates and
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:36,170 --> 00:15:40,430
803
+ the jeweler for inexpensive gold rings. So is this
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:40,430 --> 00:15:45,120
807
+ fair?ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุตุนุจ ุฌุฏุง ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:45,120 --> 00:15:48,880
811
+ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจุงุช ู…ุชูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:54,600
815
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ู„ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ AุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:54,600 --> 00:16:01,240
819
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:06,280
823
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ุฃุฎุฐ ูˆู‚ุชูƒ ูˆ ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:06,280 --> 00:16:10,920
827
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃุณู„ูˆุจุงุช ูˆุชุญุงูˆู„ ุชุญุณูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:10,920 --> 00:16:12,220
831
+ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ูˆุจุงุช
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:32,770 --> 00:16:37,070
835
+ ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:56,570 --> 00:17:10,210
839
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:18,740 --> 00:17:25,020
843
+ take some notes and try to see the prior structure
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:25,020 --> 00:17:28,140
847
+ in each one of these sentences
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:40,960 --> 00:17:48,680
851
+ ู…ุด ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู† ูˆู…ุด ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:48,680 --> 00:18:00,240
855
+ ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูƒุชุดูˆู†
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:18:14,540 --> 00:18:18,260
859
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:18:21,010 --> 00:18:24,490
863
+ All right let's see it's the first one it is
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:18:24,490 --> 00:18:28,030
867
+ easier to tell the truth than lying to people you
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:28,030 --> 00:18:37,570
871
+ love than to lie exactly it is to tell than to lie
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:37,570 --> 00:18:41,080
875
+ so what we have here infinitive infinitive orwe
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:44,260
879
+ can .. otherwise it is easier telling the truth
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:44,260 --> 00:18:48,680
883
+ than lying to people you love the second one
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:48,680 --> 00:18:55,480
887
+ managing your time at this place your money is
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:55,480 --> 00:19:00,700
891
+ excellent is preparing for the future so managing
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:06,360
895
+ your time is preparing or
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:19:06,360 --> 00:19:12,290
899
+ is being preparedboth are correct is being
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:19:12,290 --> 00:19:16,130
903
+ prepared or is preparing for the future or we can
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:19:16,130 --> 00:19:20,790
907
+ do it the other way to manage your time well is to
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:19:20,790 --> 00:19:25,490
911
+ be prepared for the future okay number three yes
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:19:25,490 --> 00:19:36,610
915
+ please jan wanted a ghost story andand he showed
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:36,610 --> 00:19:40,210
919
+ us our movie it shouldn't be he showed us what is
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:40,210 --> 00:19:44,610
923
+ the correct one by showing exactly so john by
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:44,610 --> 00:19:52,270
927
+ telling us and showing and showing us our movie
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:52,270 --> 00:19:53,430
931
+ okay number four
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:56,540 --> 00:19:59,440
935
+ he wanted to leave tennis out of college to master
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:59,440 --> 00:20:04,180
939
+ a skill to make good friends and to learn and to
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:20:04,180 --> 00:20:08,360
943
+ .. very nice and to learn about life infinitive
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:20:08,360 --> 00:20:12,460
947
+ infinitive and infinitive the last sentence in
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:20:12,460 --> 00:20:18,150
951
+ this slidethe project plan is a creative but a
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:20:18,150 --> 00:20:21,150
955
+ risk so we have here we have an adjective and we
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:20:21,150 --> 00:20:23,950
959
+ have a noun or a noun if it is to be accurate so
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:20:23,950 --> 00:20:28,670
963
+ what we have to do is make them both as adjectives
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:28,670 --> 00:20:35,070
967
+ or as nouns so what is the correct one ุจุท ุฑุณูƒูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:35,070 --> 00:20:40,390
971
+ creative but risky
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:41,750 --> 00:20:45,730
975
+ now it is adjective it is an adjective so the
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:45,730 --> 00:20:49,850
979
+ project plan is creative but risky all right okay
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:49,850 --> 00:20:52,850
983
+ let's see the second slide and please do the same
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:52,850 --> 00:20:58,030
987
+ try to fix the problems in each one of these
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:58,030 --> 00:20:59,430
991
+ sentences
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:21:39,460 --> 00:21:46,480
995
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:12,580 --> 00:22:14,360
999
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:26,380 --> 00:22:29,940
1003
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ success ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุŸ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:29,940 --> 00:22:33,720
1007
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ success
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:38,160
1011
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุŸ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:41,540
1015
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ success ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุŸ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:41,540 --> 00:22:46,060
1019
+ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ success ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุŸ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:22:46,550 --> 00:22:59,890
1023
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุญุจ ุฃู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:22:59,890 --> 00:23:12,970
1027
+ ุฃุญุจ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:12,970 --> 00:23:14,510
1031
+ ุฃู† ุฃุญุจ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:19,530 --> 00:23:25,930
1035
+ ู…ุจุงุฑุฒุฉุŒ ู…ุจุงุฑุฒุฉุŒ ู…ุจุงุฑุฒุฉุŒ ู…ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:31,630 --> 00:23:35,670
1039
+ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:35,670 --> 00:23:37,310
1043
+ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:37,310 --> 00:23:37,810
1047
+ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:37,810 --> 00:23:39,870
1051
+ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:39,870 --> 00:23:41,370
1055
+ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:23:41,370 --> 00:23:43,730
1059
+ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:23:43,730 --> 00:23:50,330
1063
+ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:50,330 --> 00:23:54,150
1067
+ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:24:11,150 --> 00:24:14,070
1071
+ All right let's see number six yes at the back
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:19,010
1075
+ please ุฏูŠู†ุง doesn't
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:24:19,010 --> 00:24:24,210
1079
+ like to sing, dance or actor actor or we can say
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:24:24,210 --> 00:24:28,090
1083
+ he doesn't like singing bands or acting all right
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:24:28,090 --> 00:24:31,630
1087
+ number seven guess once please the witness
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:24:31,630 --> 00:24:34,290
1091
+ described the suspect as tall, light skinned and
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:24:34,290 --> 00:24:38,550
1095
+ bearded and bearded okay but because we have
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:24:38,550 --> 00:24:42,050
1099
+ adjective light skinned adjective and this one
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:24:42,050 --> 00:24:44,610
1103
+ there's a preposition in the phrase so it's not
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:24:44,610 --> 00:24:49,220
1107
+ balanced so it has to be beardedSo bearded is the
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:24:49,220 --> 00:24:54,040
1111
+ adjective of a person with a beard. So he is
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:24:54,040 --> 00:25:01,060
1115
+ bearded. Okay C number eightOkay in English class
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:25:01,060 --> 00:25:05,740
1119
+ Tim learned to read poems critically and he
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:25:05,740 --> 00:25:10,940
1123
+ appreciated good poems. So it has to be and to
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:25:10,940 --> 00:25:16,140
1127
+ appreciate. So it is again learn to read and to
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:25:16,140 --> 00:25:22,700
1131
+ appreciate poems, good poems. Okay? Number nine.
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:25:23,040 --> 00:25:28,340
1135
+ We found Thelma Eastleigh's. Guess who that?we
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:25:28,340 --> 00:25:32,320
1139
+ concept offensive and we thought it was
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:37,180
1143
+ embarrassing okay now we thought this is like a
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:25:37,180 --> 00:25:40,020
1147
+ full sentence this is a clause but we don't need a
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:25:40,020 --> 00:25:43,140
1151
+ sentence here we found an adjective offensive is
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:25:43,140 --> 00:25:46,960
1155
+ another adjective and embarrassing
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:25:50,010 --> 00:25:54,310
1159
+ embarrassing adjective adjective and adjective
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:25:54,310 --> 00:25:59,030
1163
+ okay all right number ten number ten yes please
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:25:59,030 --> 00:26:02,270
1167
+ and
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:26:02,270 --> 00:26:06,570
1171
+ arrange or you can even say and conveniently
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:26:06,570 --> 00:26:10,270
1175
+ arrange because here it is part of an adjective
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:26:10,270 --> 00:26:14,630
1179
+ phrase and all of them are adjective phrases in
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:26:14,630 --> 00:26:15,790
1183
+ grammatical terms
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:26:28,700 --> 00:26:30,100
1187
+ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:40,280
1191
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:42,160
1195
+ ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:26:42,160 --> 00:26:46,220
1199
+ ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:26:46,220 --> 00:26:48,860
1203
+ ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:26:48,860 --> 00:26:51,440
1207
+ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:26:51,440 --> 00:26:53,400
1211
+ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:59,080
1215
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:26:59,080 --> 00:27:02,280
1219
+ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุดุนุจุฃุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:05,620
1223
+ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:27:05,620 --> 00:27:07,440
1227
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:10,060
1231
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:27:10,060 --> 00:27:11,960
1235
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:13,620
1239
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:27:13,620 --> 00:27:16,980
1243
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:16,980 --> 00:27:21,780
1247
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:21,820 --> 00:27:25,380
1251
+ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุนุงู… 2016 ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุตู†ุนูŠุฉ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:25,380 --> 00:27:30,240
1255
+ ProvenceุŒ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ุงู†ูŠ Provence
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:55,730 --> 00:28:04,550
1259
+ ู…ุด ู…ูุฑุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ู…ุด ู…ูุฑุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ู…ุด ู…ูุฑุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ู…ุด
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:28:04,550 --> 00:28:05,350
1263
+ ู…ูุฑุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:28:16,360 --> 00:28:17,760
1267
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:28:59,110 --> 00:29:02,630
1271
+ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุฃู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุตุฑ ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:29:26,780 --> 00:29:31,950
1275
+ ุญุณู†ุง ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุฑู‚ู… 11it's a bit challenging one
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:31,950 --> 00:29:39,850
1279
+ yes please and and
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:39,850 --> 00:29:43,830
1283
+ very nice and and extremely pleasant personally
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:43,830 --> 00:29:49,830
1287
+ Sabrina has wet charm okay and all right let's
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:29:49,830 --> 00:29:54,010
1291
+ analyze the sentence what do we have hereุŸ ู†ุนู… wet
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:29:54,010 --> 00:29:58,070
1295
+ means smallness cleverness ู†ุนู… what do we have
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:29:58,070 --> 00:30:04,010
1299
+ hereุŸ ู†ุนู… alsoOkay and what do we have here? Any
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:30:04,010 --> 00:30:06,810
1303
+ sentence, is that correct? So we cannot have a
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:30:06,810 --> 00:30:10,190
1307
+ noun, a noun and a sentence so they all have to be
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:30:10,190 --> 00:30:15,210
1311
+ nouns or they have to be sentences We take the
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:30:15,210 --> 00:30:21,090
1315
+ easy one, so Sabrina has wed a child and there is
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:30:21,090 --> 00:30:24,450
1319
+ no need for a sentence and Anne extremely pleasant
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:30:26,030 --> 00:30:29,030
1323
+ personality a noun phrase or noun phrase and this
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:30:29,030 --> 00:30:31,730
1327
+ one is a noun phrase we just removed she has
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:30:31,730 --> 00:30:35,470
1331
+ because this would make it a sentence okay number
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:30:35,470 --> 00:30:40,350
1335
+ twelve during class Sammy spent his time talking
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:40,350 --> 00:30:43,930
1339
+ to Ahmed he ate a candy and squibbled in his
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:30:43,930 --> 00:30:45,990
1343
+ assignment she said yes please
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:30:52,370 --> 00:30:57,050
1347
+ very nice and scribbling okay so he spent his time
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:30:57,050 --> 00:31:03,990
1351
+ doing what? cooking okay eating and scribbling has
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:03,990 --> 00:31:09,790
1355
+ to be scribbling ุฌุฑู† ุฌุฑู† ุฌุฑู† okay or participative
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:09,790 --> 00:31:10,290
1359
+ phrasing
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:14,690 --> 00:31:18,390
1363
+ Is it a difficult one? I don't think so. Yes
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:18,390 --> 00:31:21,590
1367
+ please. Alex looked everywhere for his math book
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:21,590 --> 00:31:25,510
1371
+ under the bed on his desk and inside the
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:25,510 --> 00:31:28,410
1375
+ refrigerator. Yes there is no need for he searched
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:28,410 --> 00:31:31,090
1379
+ inside because this is a sentence so it has to be
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:31,090 --> 00:31:38,390
1383
+ and inside the refrigerator and inside so
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:38,390 --> 00:31:41,550
1387
+ prepositional phrase prepositional phrase and a
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:41,550 --> 00:31:45,440
1391
+ third prepositionalFrench okay. Let's see the last
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:48,820
1395
+ one. Yes please. Ali was a poor student because he
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:48,820 --> 00:31:52,500
1399
+ waited until the last minute to study and
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:31:52,500 --> 00:31:58,980
1403
+ completed his lab problems curiously.and had a low
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:58,980 --> 00:32:02,700
1407
+ motivation excellent had a low motivation is that
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:02,700 --> 00:32:05,480
1411
+ correct of course because I just said excellent
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:05,480 --> 00:32:08,760
1415
+ all right very good all right all right how do we
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:10,780
1419
+ how did you fix it what is your rationale for this
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:10,780 --> 00:32:13,420
1423
+ what is your justification for using this past
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:13,420 --> 00:32:16,280
1427
+ simple past simple the second one has to be then
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:19,180
1431
+ past simple and the last one do you notice it it's
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:19,180 --> 00:32:23,770
1435
+ a sentenceู…ะพั‚ะธะฒุงุชู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:23,770 --> 00:32:30,090
1439
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุง
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:30,090 --> 00:32:37,130
1443
+ ู…ะพั‚ะธะฒุงุช ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู„ุฐุง ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:37,130 --> 00:32:42,010
1447
+ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุชุธุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงูˆ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:42,010 --> 00:32:47,990
1451
+ ูŠูƒู…ู„ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:47,990 --> 00:32:51,430
1455
+ ู…ะพั‚ะธะฒุงุช ู…ุงุถูŠุฉIs this clear? So in each case of
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:51,430 --> 00:32:54,070
1459
+ these questions, of these statements, we make sure
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:54,070 --> 00:32:57,510
1463
+ that there is a parallel structure. Do we have
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:57,510 --> 00:33:01,410
1467
+ time? Yes, we have time for one .. I'd like you to
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:01,410 --> 00:33:04,110
1471
+ just write two sentences, okay? Write two
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:04,110 --> 00:33:07,170
1475
+ sentences making sure that you list a number of
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:07,170 --> 00:33:10,690
1479
+ things and you maintain parallelism. Let's talk
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:10,690 --> 00:33:12,110
1483
+ about the first one, Gaza.
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:33:15,080 --> 00:33:20,520
1487
+ ูˆ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุนู† ุบุงุฒุง ุญูŠุซ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:25,560
1491
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ .. ู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุถู„ุŸ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:25,560 --> 00:33:33,240
1495
+ ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ .. ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŸ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ุฏุฑุณุงุชู†ุง ูู‚ุท
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:38,180
1499
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌุงุฑุŒ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:33:38,180 --> 00:33:40,660
1503
+ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุณู†ูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:33:44,340 --> 00:33:48,600
1507
+ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุนู† ุบุงุฒุง ูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฏุฑุณุชู†ุง ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:33:48,600 --> 00:33:52,660
1511
+ ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฑู‚ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ู…ุฌู„ุณ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:22,570 --> 00:34:37,510
1515
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู†
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:37,510 --> 00:34:41,090
1519
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:01,260 --> 00:35:07,200
1523
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:13,670 --> 00:35:17,470
1527
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:17,470 --> 00:35:21,410
1531
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:21,410 --> 00:35:21,950
1535
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:21,950 --> 00:35:23,750
1539
+ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:23,750 --> 00:35:25,050
1543
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:25,050 --> 00:35:27,070
1547
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:27,070 --> 00:35:34,090
1551
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:49,600 --> 00:35:57,420
1555
+ ู…ุด ุทูŠุจ ุงู†ุง
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:57,420 --> 00:35:57,720
1559
+ ูŠุนุฑู
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:36:19,810 --> 00:36:25,170
1563
+ ุฎู„ุงุตุŸ ุฎู„ุงุตุŸ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ู† ูŠุฑุบุจ ุจุงู„ุนู„ู… ุนู† ุบุงุฒุง ู…ุน ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:25,170 --> 00:36:31,410
1567
+ ParallelุŸYes please. Gaza has streets, cars and
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:31,410 --> 00:36:36,890
1571
+ malls. Okay and malls. So streets, cars and malls.
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:36,930 --> 00:36:40,030
1575
+ Very nice. Another thing. Another thing. Another
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:40,030 --> 00:36:43,650
1579
+ sentence on Gaza. Yes please. Gaza citizens are
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:43,650 --> 00:36:47,530
1583
+ patient, strong and great. Yes. Gaza people or the
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:47,530 --> 00:36:50,530
1587
+ people of Gaza or the people of Palestine are
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:50,530 --> 00:36:51,350
1591
+ patient
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:57,130 --> 00:37:06,710
1595
+ Gaza will always be
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:37:06,710 --> 00:37:10,250
1599
+ direct triumphant
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:31,760
1603
+ Resilient and hopeful
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:37:36,350 --> 00:37:40,570
1607
+ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุชูˆุญ ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู†
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:37:40,570 --> 00:37:42,350
1611
+ ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู†
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:37:42,350 --> 00:37:45,150
1615
+ ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:37:45,150 --> 00:37:49,570
1619
+ ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:37:49,570 --> 00:37:55,250
1623
+ ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:55,250 --> 00:38:06,030
1627
+ ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆู…ุทู…ุฆู† ูˆ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:38:06,780 --> 00:38:10,460
1631
+ Okay it was what you said then so what? Okay our
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:38:10,460 --> 00:38:14,240
1635
+ university has
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:38:14,240 --> 00:38:17,360
1639
+ excellent
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:38:17,360 --> 00:38:20,620
1643
+ faculty
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:38:20,620 --> 00:38:21,560
1647
+ members
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:38:29,980 --> 00:38:36,160
1651
+ good facilities and
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:38:36,160 --> 00:38:43,280
1655
+ .. and high efficiency
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:38:47,450 --> 00:38:51,290
1659
+ Okay in management and in management and
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:38:51,290 --> 00:38:54,790
1663
+ technology okay and that's all we have here noun
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:38:54,790 --> 00:38:59,210
1667
+ phrase noun phrase and another noun phrase in
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:38:59,210 --> 00:39:03,390
1671
+ another noun phrase okay all right now so this is
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:39:03,390 --> 00:39:05,430
1675
+ what we've been talking about in this class make
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:08,030
1679
+ sure make sure that in every time you write
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:39:08,030 --> 00:39:10,930
1683
+ sentences make sure that you have a parallel
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:39:10,930 --> 00:39:13,610
1687
+ structure thank you very much and I'll see you
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:39:13,610 --> 00:39:15,890
1691
+ next time inshallah thank you
1692
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,450 --> 00:00:24,190
3
+ Good morning how are you today? fine very good
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,190 --> 00:00:27,350
7
+ very good alright today we're looking at a sort of
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:27,350 --> 00:00:31,330
11
+ a problem or a grammatical point that happen
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:31,330 --> 00:00:35,170
15
+ results in some problems especially if we
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,170 --> 00:00:39,410
19
+ misunderstand the grammatical issue involved here
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:39,410 --> 00:00:43,170
23
+ and this has to do with noun pronoun agreement
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:43,170 --> 00:00:47,410
27
+ this is a familiar topic to you but it's important
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:47,410 --> 00:00:50,820
31
+ because as I looked through your writingsู‡ู†ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:50,820 --> 00:00:56,460
35
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู†ุงู… ูˆ ู†ุงู… ูˆ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:56,460 --> 00:01:03,780
39
+ ู†ุงู… ูู‡ู†ุง ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:03,780 --> 00:01:08,280
43
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู†ุงู… ูˆ ู†ุงู… ูˆ ู†ุงู… ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจูุชุญ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:08,280 --> 00:01:14,740
47
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑูู‡ุง ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ู‡ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:14,740 --> 00:01:18,430
51
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุชso that you avoid making mistakes in
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:18,430 --> 00:01:22,530
55
+ this particular problematic area so what is a
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:22,530 --> 00:01:27,150
59
+ pronounุŸ a pronoun is a part of a speech it's
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:27,150 --> 00:01:30,390
63
+ pronoun so pro means helping helping the noun so
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:30,390 --> 00:01:33,910
67
+ it does sometimes the work of a noun so a pronoun
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:33,910 --> 00:01:37,770
71
+ is very much a part of a speech that replaces that
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:37,770 --> 00:01:42,730
75
+ substitutes for nouns or noun phrasesand designate
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:42,730 --> 00:01:48,770
79
+ refers to persons, issues, things and so on of
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:48,770 --> 00:01:52,030
83
+ course we all know that a pronoun can be a subject
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:52,030 --> 00:01:57,950
87
+ pronoun for example I, he, you, she, it, they, we
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:57,950 --> 00:02:02,810
91
+ and so onand sometimes pronouns come as object
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:02,810 --> 00:02:06,790
95
+ pronouns for example me he taught me he gave me
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:06,790 --> 00:02:11,530
99
+ the book me is an object pronoun him or her or it
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:11,530 --> 00:02:15,730
103
+ or us or them I told them about the story I told
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:15,730 --> 00:02:18,850
107
+ them the story and so on and so forth and
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:18,850 --> 00:02:22,730
111
+ sometimes pronouns come as possessive pronouns for
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,730 --> 00:02:31,160
115
+ examplemy book okay our university okay your your
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:31,160 --> 00:02:34,580
119
+ child for example your book your textbook his or
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:34,580 --> 00:02:40,120
123
+ her and so on and so forth we also know that nouns
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:43,380
127
+ can be singular and plural for example
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:50,590 --> 00:02:53,790
131
+ pronouns can also be singular and plural
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:56,630 --> 00:03:01,150
135
+ we have to remember something that every noun this
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:01,150 --> 00:03:04,090
139
+ is the point that we are trying to look at today
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:04,090 --> 00:03:07,990
143
+ in this class that every pronoun must agree with
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:07,990 --> 00:03:10,330
147
+ its noun or something we call it in grammar with
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:10,330 --> 00:03:14,250
151
+ its antecedent okay so a noun or a pronoun must
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:14,250 --> 00:03:17,330
155
+ agree with its antecedent or pronoun let's just
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:17,330 --> 00:03:20,910
159
+ look at this example Sammy purchased an airline
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:20,910 --> 00:03:24,130
163
+ ticket and now he cannot find it
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:26,820 --> 00:03:31,740
167
+ and an airline ticket and he refers to Sam or he
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:31,740 --> 00:03:36,500
171
+ refers to its antecedent okay and it again refers
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:36,500 --> 00:03:41,060
175
+ to its antecedent airliner ticket okay so Sammy is
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:41,060 --> 00:03:44,240
179
+ the antecedent for he and airline ticket is the
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:48,240
183
+ antecedent for it okay so the rule here and we
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:51,880
187
+ want to focus on this is every pronoun must agree
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:51,880 --> 00:04:00,090
191
+ with its noun it numberin gender and in person
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,090 --> 00:04:02,890
195
+ okay let's highlight these issues first number
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:02,890 --> 00:04:05,150
199
+ agreement what does it mean to say number
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:05,150 --> 00:04:09,510
203
+ agreement whether it is singular or plural okay so
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:11,310 --> 00:04:15,190
207
+ Sami purchased an airline ticket so we have he is
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:15,190 --> 00:04:20,110
211
+ singular airline ticket so it is it not them for
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:20,110 --> 00:04:20,670
215
+ that matter
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:46,340
219
+ feminine or masculine all right so jane wants to
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:46,340 --> 00:04:51,120
223
+ crease her not his not their jane because it's
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:55,280
227
+ feminine and will ally tell us about his so again
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:55,280 --> 00:04:59,000
231
+ number agreement gender agreement and the same
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:04,030
235
+ thing justinahe okay and our staff members
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:04,030 --> 00:05:09,610
239
+ completed because there it's plural so the gender
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:09,610 --> 00:05:13,370
243
+ here is not sort of marked grammatically in
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:13,370 --> 00:05:18,630
247
+ English okay and then we have each passenger is
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:18,630 --> 00:05:22,710
251
+ responsible for getting his or her what did I say
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:22,710 --> 00:05:27,550
255
+ his or her not his or herbecause passenger can be
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:27,550 --> 00:05:31,130
259
+ a mixed .. yeah I'm a group of male and female
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:31,130 --> 00:05:35,510
263
+ passengers so that's why I use his or her
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:35,510 --> 00:05:40,490
267
+ passengers okay so the university has changed its
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:40,490 --> 00:05:44,430
271
+ recommendation notice that I used it's not his or
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:44,430 --> 00:05:49,720
275
+ her because it'sIt's universal. It's something we
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:54,220
279
+ call it neutral. That is to say not male, not
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:54,220 --> 00:05:59,430
283
+ female, not masculine, not feminine.ูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุดูŠุก ู‡ูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:59,430 --> 00:06:05,170
287
+ ุดูŠุก ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงุชูุงู‚ ุงู„ุดุฎุตุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชุญูุธ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตุจ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:05,170 --> 00:06:12,510
291
+ ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ูŠุชุญุฏุซุŒ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:12,510 --> 00:06:19,570
295
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ I ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุฎุต ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ We ุฃุฎุฑ ุดุฎุต ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:19,570 --> 00:06:26,490
299
+ You ุฃูˆ ุฃุฎุฑ ุดุฎุต ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ All of you ูˆุซุงู„ุซ ุดุฎุต ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:27,180 --> 00:06:31,320
303
+ plural or they or them and so on so it is the
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:36,500
307
+ point of view of the speaker whether I you or they
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:36,500 --> 00:06:41,560
311
+ and so on okay so what is wrong with this sentence
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:41,560 --> 00:06:46,520
315
+ incorrect I hate to proofread my paperbecause
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:50,300
319
+ proofreading is such a boring thing for you to do
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:50,300 --> 00:06:54,460
323
+ for example why is it for me not for you because
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:54,460 --> 00:06:58,760
327
+ we are mixing first person with second person so
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:58,760 --> 00:07:02,460
331
+ this is not consistent this is not an agreement in
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:02,460 --> 00:07:06,300
335
+ person so we have to maintain the same sort of
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:06,300 --> 00:07:12,130
339
+ point of viewSo the correct thing is I hated
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:12,130 --> 00:07:14,610
343
+ proofread my paper because proofreading is such a
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:14,610 --> 00:07:19,850
347
+ boring thing for me to do what's wrong here when a
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:19,850 --> 00:07:24,330
351
+ person turns 30 your perspective on life changes
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:24,330 --> 00:07:28,950
355
+ in his in many ways it has to be his or her why
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:28,950 --> 00:07:32,370
359
+ because this is their personal point of view not a
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:32,370 --> 00:07:35,670
363
+ second person so it has to be bravo ุนู„ูŠูƒู… it has
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:35,670 --> 00:07:40,860
367
+ to be his or her perspectiveof life changes so
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:40,860 --> 00:07:44,560
371
+ again we have to maintain the third case of person
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:47,720
375
+ agreement okay this is something that generally
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:47,720 --> 00:07:51,520
379
+ you know and you're familiar with but I see some
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:54,180
383
+ problems here so it's important to always remember
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:54,180 --> 00:07:57,940
387
+ this you have to maintain number agreement all
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:57,940 --> 00:08:00,740
391
+ right additionally there are some definite or
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:00,740 --> 00:08:05,200
395
+ indefinite pronouns that are always singular okay
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:05,200 --> 00:08:06,040
399
+ for instance
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:10,860 --> 00:08:15,020
403
+ nothing someone somebody everyone everybody and so
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:15,020 --> 00:08:17,540
407
+ on whenever we see them they have to take a
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:17,540 --> 00:08:21,380
411
+ singular verb and a singular pronoun okay let's
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:21,380 --> 00:08:27,460
415
+ see some examples someone left his or her why his
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:27,460 --> 00:08:33,140
419
+ or her it's not really clear who if it's she or he
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:33,140 --> 00:08:40,670
423
+ okayanyone knows the
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:40,670 --> 00:08:44,190
427
+ story of the town and the same thing nobody wants
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:44,190 --> 00:08:47,710
431
+ his or her nobody it's in different pronoun always
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:47,710 --> 00:08:51,970
435
+ takes singular pronoun or singular verb okay each
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:51,970 --> 00:08:56,980
439
+ of the participants wantswhy not one single
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:56,980 --> 00:09:01,260
443
+ because each is sort of the hit word here okay
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:01,260 --> 00:09:06,340
447
+ neither of the men looks as if he again neither
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:06,340 --> 00:09:10,600
451
+ alone takes a singular pronoun and a singular verb
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:15,780
455
+ this is clear all right then we also have these
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:15,780 --> 00:09:19,220
459
+ indefinite pronouns that are always plural such as
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:19,220 --> 00:09:25,530
463
+ bothfew many others and several okay and from the
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:25,530 --> 00:09:29,090
467
+ name from its meaning that they are always plural
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:29,090 --> 00:09:34,410
471
+ for instance the few who completed not his or her
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:34,410 --> 00:09:38,090
475
+ they because it takes a plural pronoun the police
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:38,090 --> 00:09:42,190
479
+ asked both witnesses ifthey they okay so both
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:42,190 --> 00:09:46,790
483
+ plural and several students expressed their
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:46,790 --> 00:09:51,090
487
+ interest again there has to be plural because of
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:51,090 --> 00:09:54,350
491
+ the word several okay now the last thing here on
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:54,350 --> 00:09:58,510
495
+ this note is that some of these pronouns can be
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:58,510 --> 00:10:03,150
499
+ singular or plural depending on the context okay
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:03,150 --> 00:10:06,130
503
+ so the context tells me if I am going to use a
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:06,130 --> 00:10:10,320
507
+ singular pronounand so on for example all, any,
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:10,560 --> 00:10:15,260
511
+ more, some, none, were, most for example all of
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:15,260 --> 00:10:19,940
515
+ the gas is gone whereas all of the children are
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:19,940 --> 00:10:23,060
519
+ gone why is it the first case is the second case
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:23,060 --> 00:10:23,440
523
+ are?
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:26,560 --> 00:10:32,240
527
+ because the context between just arethe word gas
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:32,240 --> 00:10:36,320
531
+ is uncountable okay so it is singular whereas here
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:39,960
535
+ it's a word sort of countable noun and therefore
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:39,960 --> 00:10:44,240
539
+ it takes and the same thing any of the jewelry is
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:44,240 --> 00:10:48,960
543
+ whereas any of my cousins are and the same thing
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:52,460
547
+ more the plot is revealed whereas more of the
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:52,460 --> 00:10:57,500
551
+ plans are so again it depends on the context okay
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:57,500 --> 00:11:01,620
555
+ and the same thing mostmost of the cake was ..
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:01,620 --> 00:11:05,760
559
+ whereas most of the cookies were .. none of the
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:05,760 --> 00:11:09,000
563
+ material was discovered or was covered and none of
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:12,080
567
+ the students were .. and finally some of the food
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:15,800
571
+ was .. was with the teacher and some of the
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:19,660
575
+ students were .. so these six pronouns depending
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:19,660 --> 00:11:22,940
579
+ on the context that can be singular or plural
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:26,420 --> 00:11:30,460
583
+ so far so good but let's just consider how we use
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:30,460 --> 00:11:35,400
587
+ nouns pronouns and verbs with words like either or
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:35,400 --> 00:11:40,420
591
+ none or not only but also let's just consider
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:40,420 --> 00:11:46,920
595
+ these two exampleseither Mary or either Mary or
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:51,500
599
+ Mary or the students will bring their notebooks to
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:51,500 --> 00:11:55,400
603
+ the class either the students or Mary will bring
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:55,400 --> 00:11:59,580
607
+ her notebooks to the class why did I use their in
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:59,580 --> 00:12:02,520
611
+ the first case and whereas in the second example I
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:03,400
615
+ used her
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:06,670 --> 00:12:09,230
619
+ why is it in the first case I used their whereas
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:09,230 --> 00:12:17,950
623
+ in the second case I used her yes
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:17,950 --> 00:12:20,170
627
+ yes yes email please
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:24,390 --> 00:12:28,070
631
+ Okay very nice so whereas in the second case very
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:28,070 --> 00:12:31,270
635
+ good all right so the pronoun the pronoun must
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:31,270 --> 00:12:37,470
639
+ agree with the closer with the closer noun okay so
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:37,470 --> 00:12:41,550
643
+ what's the after or is a plural noun therefore it
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:41,550 --> 00:12:45,970
647
+ takes a plural pronoun and the same thing after
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:45,970 --> 00:12:55,420
651
+ after or is a singularand therefore it has to be a
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:55,420 --> 00:12:59,280
655
+ singular pronoun so in other words the pronoun
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:59,280 --> 00:13:03,320
659
+ must agree with the closer noun to it with the
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:03,320 --> 00:13:07,460
663
+ closer noun to it okay alright a second example
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:07,460 --> 00:13:11,580
667
+ okay neither the woman nor the man will do their
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:11,580 --> 00:13:15,400
671
+ exam on Fridayneither the man nor the woman will
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:15,400 --> 00:13:20,480
675
+ do her exam on Friday why is it in the first case
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:20,480 --> 00:13:23,580
679
+ their whereas in the second case her because we
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:23,580 --> 00:13:27,960
683
+ have to look at the closer noun the closer noun to
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:27,960 --> 00:13:31,460
687
+ it so after know we have a plural noun and
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:31,460 --> 00:13:34,240
691
+ therefore it takes a plural noun whereas after
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:37,240
695
+ know here it's a singular noun and therefore again
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:40,780
699
+ it has to take a singular pronoun is this clear?
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:45,780
703
+ yesand the same thing not only my parents but also
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:45,780 --> 00:13:50,300
707
+ my brother fixed but also my brother singular
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:50,300 --> 00:13:52,620
711
+ whereas in second case not only my brother but
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:52,620 --> 00:13:57,680
715
+ also my parents fixed there so again it agrees
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:02,780
719
+ with the closest pronoun or closest noun
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:12,500
723
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:12,500 --> 00:14:17,900
727
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:17,900 --> 00:14:20,380
731
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:20,380 --> 00:14:24,760
735
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุนุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:28,140
739
+ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุชุŒ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:28,140 --> 00:14:31,180
743
+ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูุฑูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:31,180 --> 00:14:37,830
747
+ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนor class or committee or army or family these
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:37,830 --> 00:14:41,070
751
+ are we called collective nouns so we can use
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:41,070 --> 00:14:44,670
755
+ singular or plural verbs or pronouns depending on
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:44,670 --> 00:14:46,350
759
+ the context
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:48,100 --> 00:14:51,040
763
+ All right, so when do I use them? If all the
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:56,640
767
+ members of the group are acting as one unit, then
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:56,640 --> 00:15:00,320
771
+ I use a singular pronoun or singular verb. If they
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:06,040
775
+ are acting individually, we use a plural verb or
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:10,960
779
+ plural pronoun. Okay? Let's see.the team
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:10,960 --> 00:15:16,860
783
+ celebrated its victory whereas the second one the
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:16,860 --> 00:15:20,060
787
+ team changed into their street clothes and went
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:20,060 --> 00:15:23,860
791
+ home happy why did I use its here with the team
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:23,860 --> 00:15:26,720
795
+ whereas in the second case I used that
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:28,970 --> 00:15:33,030
799
+ yes please in the first they work as a unit as a
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:33,030 --> 00:15:36,390
803
+ unit as one single unit as one group as one unit
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:36,390 --> 00:15:39,870
807
+ whereas in the second case everyone paralyzed
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:39,870 --> 00:15:42,830
811
+ everyone on their own individually they were
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:42,830 --> 00:15:45,730
815
+ acting individually they were acting separately
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:45,730 --> 00:15:49,390
819
+ not as one group everyone of them changed into
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:49,390 --> 00:15:54,050
823
+ their clothes and went home happilyOkay so if the
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:54,050 --> 00:15:57,450
827
+ collective noun is acted or they are acting as one
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:57,450 --> 00:16:00,630
831
+ group we use singular if they are acting as a
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:00,630 --> 00:16:05,770
835
+ individually we use plural okay and the same thing
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:05,770 --> 00:16:09,190
839
+ why is it in the case the first case we used its
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:09,190 --> 00:16:12,230
843
+ whereas in the second case I used the pronoun
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:12,230 --> 00:16:19,980
847
+ their the classis meeting in its scheduled room
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:19,980 --> 00:16:24,000
851
+ today whereas the class must turn in their
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:29,040
855
+ assignments tomorrowAll right. So yes please. The
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:29,040 --> 00:16:33,120
859
+ first sentence is very
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:33,120 --> 00:16:35,600
863
+ nice. So as a unit, as one group, they are acting
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:35,600 --> 00:16:38,960
867
+ as one group. So they are meeting in there or in
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:43,140
871
+ its scheduled room today whereas the second case
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:43,140 --> 00:16:46,480
875
+ every one of them must hand in his or her
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:50,660
879
+ assignments individually independently. Okay? All
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:50,660 --> 00:16:55,150
883
+ right. And the same thing here.the union can do
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:55,150 --> 00:17:03,390
887
+ only as much as its members as one group and the
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:03,390 --> 00:17:08,690
891
+ same thing this is the army and it is not they are
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:08,690 --> 00:17:12,430
895
+ it is and it is a fine organization because the
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:12,430 --> 00:17:16,090
899
+ army we treating it here in this case as one unit
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:18,620 --> 00:17:22,640
903
+ and the last one here my family are fighting among
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:27,080
907
+ themselves not my family is fighting among itself
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:30,450
911
+ why is thatุŸbecause each one is like my brother,
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:30,610 --> 00:17:33,570
915
+ my sister, my father, my mother they are acting
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:33,570 --> 00:17:36,710
919
+ individually and therefore I use the are fighting
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:36,710 --> 00:17:41,390
923
+ not is fighting okay whereas my family lives in
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:41,390 --> 00:17:45,310
927
+ Gaza it means all of them as one group lives in
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:45,310 --> 00:17:48,630
931
+ Gaza so all of them as a single unit is this
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:55,770
935
+ clear? yes all right okay all right let's seeand
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:55,770 --> 00:17:59,470
939
+ sharpen our thinking here and choose the correct
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:59,470 --> 00:18:04,010
943
+ answer. Let's have some fun here. Not only my
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:04,010 --> 00:18:09,170
947
+ brothers but also mom loves to drench their
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:09,170 --> 00:18:11,130
951
+ omelette, her omelette, his or her and her
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:11,130 --> 00:18:15,470
955
+ omelette or its omelette in ketchup.it has to be
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:15,470 --> 00:18:20,050
959
+ her why is that but also my mom I agree it's very
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:20,050 --> 00:18:23,210
963
+ nice so the rule that you know now that that
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:23,210 --> 00:18:27,350
967
+ pronoun must have been the closest noun but also
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:27,350 --> 00:18:31,150
971
+ my mom okay let's see the second one so her is the
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:31,150 --> 00:18:38,010
975
+ correct answer let's see number two each
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:38,010 --> 00:18:42,620
979
+ of these white studentsis wondering how to answer
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:42,620 --> 00:18:48,480
983
+ effectively on their her his or her the top trash
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:48,480 --> 00:18:53,030
987
+ into answering just read it carefullyEach of these
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:53,030 --> 00:18:55,670
991
+ word students is wondering how to answer
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:55,670 --> 00:19:00,970
995
+ effectively on has to be his or her why is that?
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:02,930 --> 00:19:05,470
999
+ don't be tricked into students we're looking at
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:05,470 --> 00:19:08,130
1003
+ each you said these are indefinite pronouns that
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:08,130 --> 00:19:12,870
1007
+ are always singular each every neither everybody
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:12,870 --> 00:19:16,610
1011
+ somebody each person and so on so it has to be his
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:16,610 --> 00:19:23,400
1015
+ or her okay see number threethe girls and this is
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:28,640
1019
+ a tricky one the girls and their professor sweated
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:32,860
1023
+ in the hot classroom each one of them wondered why
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:32,860 --> 00:19:37,760
1027
+ they her his or her or she had decided to go to
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:37,760 --> 00:19:45,300
1031
+ summer school just read it carefully just read it
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:45,300 --> 00:19:48,060
1035
+ carefully all right this is going to be fun okay
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:48,060 --> 00:19:49,620
1039
+ which is the correct one
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:53,540 --> 00:19:58,020
1043
+ why is it she? it's a subject pronoun you know
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:58,020 --> 00:20:01,700
1047
+ subject pronoun she had decided I cannot say his
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:01,700 --> 00:20:05,960
1051
+ or her had decided it's a subject pronoun okay not
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:09,580
1055
+ something else okay not a possessive pronoun okay
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:09,580 --> 00:20:14,480
1059
+ why she had decided okay so here is a subject
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:17,140
1063
+ pronoun that is missing here not an object or
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:17,140 --> 00:20:19,320
1067
+ possessive pronoun okay number four
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:27,480
1071
+ This is easy Robert and Sue concentrated on the
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:31,460
1075
+ essay topic, discussed different topics, now this
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:31,460 --> 00:20:35,180
1079
+ is they because it is subject pronoun, clearly it
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:35,180 --> 00:20:37,680
1083
+ is a subject pronoun You can always work by
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:41,740
1087
+ process of elimination, you exclude, you remove
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:41,740 --> 00:20:45,440
1091
+ the very unlikely choices, the very unlikely
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:51,400
1095
+ answers here and then you focus on one or twoall
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:56,720
1099
+ right number five either of these thick books by
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:59,620
1103
+ respected authors will have the answer to your
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:59,620 --> 00:21:05,600
1107
+ research questions in many pages in his many pages
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:05,600 --> 00:21:08,940
1111
+ his or her many pages its many pages or their many
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:08,940 --> 00:21:15,730
1115
+ pages its yes do you agree yes who said noof
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:15,730 --> 00:21:19,190
1119
+ course it's x, why is it x? because the question
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:19,190 --> 00:21:23,850
1123
+ is either of the books and it has to be in x many
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:23,850 --> 00:21:28,510
1127
+ pages not there because of this either of the
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:28,510 --> 00:21:32,510
1131
+ books in x many pages not in there many pages so
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:32,510 --> 00:21:35,430
1135
+ read carefully read carefully it's a tricky one
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:35,430 --> 00:21:40,930
1139
+ Sam is starving and his friends have just ordered
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:40,930 --> 00:21:46,400
1143
+ their mealsdespite Sam's hunger neither of them
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:46,400 --> 00:21:49,760
1147
+ will pay for share in the meal neither of them
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:54,720
1151
+ will pay for their share him share his share or
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:54,720 --> 00:21:59,520
1155
+ each share in the meal remember the rule on
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:59,520 --> 00:22:05,420
1159
+ neither it's all mistakes singular so it has to be
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:05,420 --> 00:22:10,880
1163
+ hisneither of them wants his why is it not there
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:10,880 --> 00:22:14,120
1167
+ because it doesn't take a plural it doesn't take
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:14,120 --> 00:22:17,180
1171
+ neither itself doesn't take a plural pronoun so it
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:17,180 --> 00:22:20,040
1175
+ has to be his both of them are males both of them
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:24,500
1179
+ are men not men and women and so on okay so
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:24,500 --> 00:22:29,280
1183
+ neither of them will pay for his share in the meal
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:35,580
1187
+ okay okay calm refuses to return to the weight
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:35,580 --> 00:22:41,850
1191
+ roombecause staff always spokesman of his skinny
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:41,850 --> 00:22:46,390
1195
+ arms and legs his staff their staff their staff
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:46,390 --> 00:22:52,590
1199
+ for its staff you are wrong okay why is it not his
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:52,590 --> 00:22:53,070
1203
+ staff?
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:57,810 --> 00:23:01,970
1207
+ ู‡ูŠ car refuses to return to the wait room. yes yes
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:01,970 --> 00:23:07,310
1211
+ yes ex staff okay refuse to the room wait room. ex
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:07,310 --> 00:23:11,430
1215
+ refers to the room not his doesn't refer to
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:11,430 --> 00:23:15,150
1219
+ anybody here in this group so ex staff okay
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:15,150 --> 00:23:19,650
1223
+ spokesman they make fun in other words of their
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:19,650 --> 00:23:24,390
1227
+ okay number eight all right i'll leave you to read
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:24,390 --> 00:23:25,590
1231
+ this one and think about it
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:40,540 --> 00:23:43,600
1235
+ The students should memorize Shakespeare's poem
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:47,240
1239
+ for Mr. Adam because the extra credits will help
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:51,900
1243
+ them improve. This is the easiest one actually.
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:53,100 --> 00:23:55,260
1247
+ The second last I hope.
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:58,910 --> 00:24:03,530
1251
+ should be allowed to make up very nice his or her
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:03,530 --> 00:24:08,150
1255
+ because a person singular and it can be both men
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:08,150 --> 00:24:11,990
1259
+ and male and female so it has to be his or her
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:11,990 --> 00:24:16,290
1263
+ very nice all right number ten okay still twenty
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:16,290 --> 00:24:22,450
1267
+ more please every lion
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:22,450 --> 00:24:28,120
1271
+ tiger bear snake and crocodile roaredapproval
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:28,120 --> 00:24:32,340
1275
+ their approval its approval his or her approval or
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:32,340 --> 00:24:36,540
1279
+ his approval of
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:36,540 --> 00:24:42,400
1283
+ a lion every lion has to be its lion so why is
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:46,980
1287
+ that every singular lion we call him it's not his
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:46,980 --> 00:24:49,340
1291
+ okay unless we saw the
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:57,340 --> 00:25:04,140
1295
+ and finally either Sabrina or her friends will ask
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:25:04,140 --> 00:25:07,420
1299
+ the professor for permission to use dictionaries
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:07,420 --> 00:25:14,520
1303
+ in the exam either Sabrina or her friends will ask
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:14,520 --> 00:25:18,100
1307
+ the professor do you agree that it is there
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:22,460 --> 00:25:28,200
1311
+ that closest so it has to be their dictionaries
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:31,460
1315
+ not her dictionaries either Sabrina or her friends
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:31,460 --> 00:25:36,400
1319
+ okay correct is this clear? all right now let's do
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,260
1323
+ some more exercises and this time we're going to
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:39,260 --> 00:25:44,900
1327
+ choose the correct answer in between the brackets
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:44,900 --> 00:25:47,980
1331
+ yes please take some time to read these five
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:47,980 --> 00:25:51,920
1335
+ sentences firstand choose the correct answer for
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:51,920 --> 00:25:58,100
1339
+ this so remember all the rules okay on indefinite
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:58,100 --> 00:26:02,900
1343
+ pronouns neither more either already so and so on
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:02,900 --> 00:26:11,200
1347
+ take
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:14,560
1351
+ some notes of your answers
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:18,710 --> 00:26:25,850
1355
+ ุฌุจุณุŸ ุฌุจุณ ุดูˆุฑูŠุŒ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ู…ุญู„ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:25,850 --> 00:26:28,890
1359
+ ู…ุญู„ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:28,890 --> 00:26:31,270
1363
+ ู†ุธุงู… ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุถุฑุจูŠุฉ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:58,620 --> 00:26:59,840
1367
+ ุฃู‡ ุฏู‡ ุงูƒูŠุฏ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:27:21,390 --> 00:27:26,890
1371
+ ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:27:51,180 --> 00:27:55,680
1375
+ all right let's sing all right yes please over
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:27:55,680 --> 00:28:00,320
1379
+ there is
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:03,520
1383
+ that correct yes each of the girls is not studying
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:03,520 --> 00:28:08,330
1387
+ in the verb yet mix single verbmix her because
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:08,330 --> 00:28:13,250
1391
+ each of her okay number two the jury finally made
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:13,250 --> 00:28:17,110
1395
+ its decision its decision why is that it's a very
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:19,910
1399
+ nice they're acting as one group as one unit okay
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:19,910 --> 00:28:23,210
1403
+ if nineteen of them said yes and one of them said
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:23,210 --> 00:28:26,350
1407
+ no then there is no ruling here so all of them
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:26,350 --> 00:28:29,920
1411
+ mustagree on a decision so it has to be it's not
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:34,260
1415
+ their finally made its decision number three yes
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:34,260 --> 00:28:36,600
1419
+ please it often seems that television programmers
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:39,260
1423
+ are not concerned with their viewers is that
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:39,260 --> 00:28:44,260
1427
+ correct yes television programmers not programmer
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:28:44,260 --> 00:28:48,960
1431
+ programmers okay their viewers number four both
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:55,610
1435
+ them yes or no pleaseุจุงู†ูŠุณ ุจุงู†ูŠุณ plural plural
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:28:55,610 --> 00:29:00,670
1439
+ than plural both of them write to their mothers
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:00,670 --> 00:29:05,150
1443
+ twice a week okay number five neither neither yes
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:05,150 --> 00:29:09,550
1447
+ please here congress
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:09,550 --> 00:29:14,890
1451
+ ุจุงู†ูŠุณ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:14,890 --> 00:29:20,530
1455
+ why is it x because it's lower than your public
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:20,530 --> 00:29:24,610
1459
+ librarythis is very nice okay let's see the second
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:24,610 --> 00:29:26,610
1463
+ set of sentences
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:43,470 --> 00:29:49,270
1467
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ูƒู†ุช ุชุณู…ุน ู‚ุตุต ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณู…ุนู‡ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:49,270 --> 00:29:50,250
1471
+ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:04,530 --> 00:30:17,310
1475
+ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ ุจุณ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:17,310 --> 00:30:26,050
1479
+ ุจุณ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:43,310 --> 00:30:49,690
1483
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุฅุฐุง .. ู†ุนู… ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:49,690 --> 00:30:52,770
1487
+ ุฅุฐุง
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:52,770 --> 00:30:58,370
1491
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:58,370 --> 00:30:58,810
1495
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:58,810 --> 00:30:59,950
1499
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:59,950 --> 00:31:00,050
1503
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:00,050 --> 00:31:00,070
1507
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:00,070 --> 00:31:00,150
1511
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:00,150
1515
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:00,150
1519
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅุฐุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:00,150
1523
+ ุฅุฐุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:20,060
1527
+ ุงู„ุณูŠ ู†ู…ุจุฑ ุงุช ู†ู…ุจุฑ ุงุช this place here either the
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:20,060 --> 00:31:23,460
1531
+ congressman or the senator the senator is james
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:23,460 --> 00:31:28,940
1535
+ well it has to be his or the his his why is that
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:28,940 --> 00:31:36,580
1539
+ and we have james so it has to be his okay all
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:36,580 --> 00:31:40,240
1543
+ right let's see number is that correct yes number
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:31:40,240 --> 00:31:44,340
1547
+ nine number nine yes please american citizen
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:31:44,340 --> 00:31:44,720
1551
+ master
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:31:48,110 --> 00:31:53,090
1555
+ yes because we have the noun or the pronoun must
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:31:53,090 --> 00:31:56,810
1559
+ agree with its noun with its antecedent plural
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:31:56,810 --> 00:32:03,930
1563
+ plural and finally nine ten okay what is his or
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:03,930 --> 00:32:11,240
1567
+ herevery person and this will be mix group of
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:11,240 --> 00:32:16,560
1571
+ individuals okay his or her own savings account is
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:16,560 --> 00:32:19,700
1575
+ this clear? all right let's conclude with .. ุงู‡
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:19,700 --> 00:32:22,200
1579
+ there's got more some more we've got some more
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:28,040
1583
+ sorry sorry ุงู‡ still some more all right let's
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:32:28,040 --> 00:32:31,720
1587
+ conclude this finished one these onesyes all right
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:35,740
1591
+ just take one more minute to read it very quickly
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:32:59,300 --> 00:33:06,100
1595
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:06,100 --> 00:33:12,100
1599
+ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:12,100 --> 00:33:13,200
1603
+ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:13,220
1607
+ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:33:13,220 --> 00:33:13,620
1611
+ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:33:13,620 --> 00:33:17,480
1615
+ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:33:17,480 --> 00:33:27,460
1619
+ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุนุงุฑูŠ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:52,760
1623
+ ุงูƒูŠุฏุŸ ู„ู†ุฑู‰ .. ู„ุง ุงูŠุถุง .. ู†ุนู… ุจูุถู„ูƒ ู„ุง ุงูŠุถุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงู†
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:33:52,760 --> 00:33:57,160
1627
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุงุฎุณุฑ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ .. ุงู†ุง
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:33:57,160 --> 00:34:02,500
1631
+ ุงุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุณุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจit has to be there. what is
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:02,500 --> 00:34:09,740
1635
+ that? nor the managers. has to be there. nor the
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:09,740 --> 00:34:16,080
1639
+ managers. okay guess me the next one. is that
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:19,980
1643
+ correct? yes. each student should turn in his or
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:34:19,980 --> 00:34:25,320
1647
+ her number thirteen. does anyone? guess me that
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:34:25,320 --> 00:34:30,910
1651
+ please.Okay does anyone have .. yes okay because
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:34:30,910 --> 00:34:34,410
1655
+ anyone indefinite always singular and that's why I
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:34:34,410 --> 00:34:39,530
1659
+ said not to say does singular verb fourteen
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:34:39,530 --> 00:34:43,830
1663
+ fourteen all right fourteen yes please each of the
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:34:43,830 --> 00:34:45,710
1667
+ freshman woman called her mothers
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:34:48,230 --> 00:34:56,570
1671
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŸ ู†ุนู… ู„ุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:34:56,570 --> 00:35:01,310
1675
+ ุฃู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฏูƒุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฏูƒุŒ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:35:01,310 --> 00:35:07,130
1679
+ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:35:07,130 --> 00:35:07,630
1683
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:35:23,510 --> 00:35:28,470
1687
+ ุงู„ุนุฑุจุฉ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:35:28,470 --> 00:35:41,350
1691
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุฃู‡ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:35:41,350 --> 00:35:52,410
1695
+ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:26,310 --> 00:36:32,090
1699
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…All right let's see number
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:32,090 --> 00:36:35,570
1703
+ fifteen. Yes please. The president and mr .. and
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:35,570 --> 00:36:40,070
1707
+ mrs .. and mrs Clinton okay. Okay it has to be the
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:40,070 --> 00:36:43,970
1711
+ .. okay sixteen. Yes please. One of the girls
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:43,970 --> 00:36:47,110
1715
+ agreed to drive her .. All right because one ..
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:47,110 --> 00:36:50,230
1719
+ one of the girls agreed to drive her number
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:50,850
1723
+ seventeen.
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:36:53,620 --> 00:36:59,920
1727
+ Okay it has to be he is singular and finally yes
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:36:59,920 --> 00:37:06,460
1731
+ basically with they yes because they are acting
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:06,460 --> 00:37:13,500
1735
+ sort of individually not as a singular unit okayI
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:13,500 --> 00:37:16,660
1739
+ think we leave this last exercise because of time
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:16,660 --> 00:37:21,160
1743
+ to as homework so thank you very much I hope just
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:21,160 --> 00:37:24,120
1747
+ you just make sure that whenever you write that
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:27,840
1751
+ you always maintain subject-verb agreement and pay
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:37:27,840 --> 00:37:30,300
1755
+ attention to these issues that we talked about
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:37:30,300 --> 00:37:32,920
1759
+ today in the meantime take very good care and I'll
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:37:32,920 --> 00:37:34,180
1763
+ see you next time inshallah
1764
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,990 --> 00:00:23,770
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morning, how are you todayุŸ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,770 --> 00:00:26,510
7
+ very good, very good, alright, today we're looking
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,510 --> 00:00:30,550
11
+ at an important grammatical point and this is also
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:30,550 --> 00:00:35,850
15
+ relevant to our talk on opinion paragraph writing
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,850 --> 00:00:38,750
19
+ and this point has to do with writing good
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:38,750 --> 00:00:43,130
23
+ adjective clauses, so what is an adjective clause
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:43,130 --> 00:00:45,840
27
+ if you know?Does anyone know what is an adjective
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:55,360
31
+ close? it's describe ุฃู†ุง or pronoun from the title
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:58,460
35
+ it's an adjective close so it's a close first of
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:58,460 --> 00:01:01,620
39
+ all close means that it has a subject and a verb
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:01,620 --> 00:01:04,620
43
+ and there is some a group of words which has a
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:04,620 --> 00:01:08,460
47
+ subject and a verb and generally begins with
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:08,460 --> 00:01:15,540
51
+ relative pronouns such as which or who or whoand
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:15,540 --> 00:01:19,460
55
+ it generally does what an adjective does which is
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:19,460 --> 00:01:22,840
59
+ describing a noun or pronoun so this is what we
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:26,140
63
+ mean by an adjective proves it is used to modify
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:26,140 --> 00:01:29,700
67
+ that is to say it is used to describe a noun or
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,700 --> 00:01:35,330
71
+ pronounูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:35,330 --> 00:01:35,410
75
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,410 --> 00:01:36,070
79
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:36,070 --> 00:01:37,010
83
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:37,010 --> 00:01:39,490
87
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:39,490 --> 00:01:39,930
91
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:39,930 --> 00:01:40,470
95
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:40,470 --> 00:01:42,430
99
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:42,430 --> 00:01:51,500
103
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„that and so on or whose okay
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:51,500 --> 00:01:55,600
107
+ just look at these exams let's just discuss these
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:55,600 --> 00:02:01,100
111
+ exams the book which I like is on the table where
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:01,100 --> 00:02:05,340
115
+ is the adjective in the clause which I
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:05,340 --> 00:02:09,060
119
+ like okay so it begins it has a subject and a verb
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:09,060 --> 00:02:12,900
123
+ and is a clause that begins with which in this
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:12,900 --> 00:02:16,990
127
+ caseู…ุงู‡ูŠ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ Which I LikeุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:16,990 --> 00:02:20,290
131
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุณ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:20,290 --> 00:02:23,970
135
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฃูˆ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒุชุงุจุฉ Which I
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:23,970 --> 00:02:29,430
139
+ LikeุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุตุทู„ุญุŒ ูƒู…ุตุทู„ุญ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:29,430 --> 00:02:34,510
143
+ ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุงูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:34,510 --> 00:02:39,130
147
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:39,130 --> 00:02:42,570
151
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:42,570 --> 00:02:47,870
155
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:47,870 --> 00:02:48,230
159
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:48,230 --> 00:02:51,590
163
+ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:51,590 --> 00:02:55,090
167
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:55,090 --> 00:02:55,210
171
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:55,210 --> 00:02:57,550
175
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:02:57,550 --> 00:03:02,770
179
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„or who or who or that and does the
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:02,770 --> 00:03:08,630
183
+ work of ุงู„ุงุดูุชูŠู†. okay? seven. the students whose
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:12,740
187
+ hands was upwas or gave the wrong answer so the
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:12,740 --> 00:03:18,500
191
+ adjective closed here was up and it describes the
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:18,500 --> 00:03:21,180
195
+ students and the last example is the car that
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:21,180 --> 00:03:24,960
199
+ Ahmed is driving is not here that Ahmed is driving
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:28,460
203
+ is an adjective closed describing the car is this
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:28,460 --> 00:03:30,900
207
+ clear all right very good all right now let's look
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:30,900 --> 00:03:36,420
211
+ at these examples and identify the adjective
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:36,420 --> 00:03:37,940
215
+ closed in each one of these
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:45,380
219
+ I play a kind of music that nobody likes adjective
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:45,380 --> 00:03:58,020
223
+ that nobody likes the man
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:58,020 --> 00:04:04,560
227
+ who you saw was not the famous actor whom you saw
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:06,840
231
+ very nice so this is the adjective
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:09,980 --> 00:04:13,200
235
+ I remember the day when I took my first English
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:19,400
239
+ class. Yes, when I took it, all of it is the
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:22,400
243
+ adjective close, all right? Number four, number
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:25,060
247
+ four, yes please. I have a neighbor whose parents
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:25,060 --> 00:04:28,680
251
+ live in Australia. Whose neighbor lives in
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:33,440
255
+ Australia is the adjective close describing I or
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:33,440 --> 00:04:38,420
259
+ neighbor.is describing the neighbor okay and
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:38,420 --> 00:04:42,940
263
+ finally yes please which
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:42,940 --> 00:04:49,620
267
+ I like is the adjectives describing the book so
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:49,620 --> 00:04:52,160
271
+ this is the idea of adjectives let's look at our
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:56,440
275
+ textbook page one hundred and fifty eight please
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:56,440 --> 00:04:59,320
279
+ page one hundred and fifty eight
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:05,990 --> 00:05:11,350
283
+ ู„ู†ู†ุธุฑ ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ูˆู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:11,350 --> 00:05:17,670
287
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูู‚ุท ู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฑู‚ู… 1
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:17,670 --> 00:05:23,510
291
+ 158 ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆู…ู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:23,510 --> 00:05:27,450
295
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉand who is generally used for people
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:27,450 --> 00:05:31,150
299
+ which is used for things and that is used for
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:31,150 --> 00:05:35,050
303
+ people for things and in formal English it is used
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:35,050 --> 00:05:40,870
307
+ for people Now in the exercise below in exercise A
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:40,870 --> 00:05:43,630
311
+ what I'd like you to do is just to quickly read
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:43,630 --> 00:05:47,130
315
+ these examples and identify the adjectives and
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:47,130 --> 00:05:51,270
319
+ clauses in each one of these sub sentences
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:23,340 --> 00:07:26,360
323
+ All right let's see number .. as you can see in
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:30,280
327
+ number one George Kingsley who is twelve years old
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:34,680
331
+ wants to divorce his mother okay so what we see is
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:34,680 --> 00:07:37,960
335
+ who is twelve years old is the adjective close and
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:41,380
339
+ notice that begins with who and notice also the
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:41,380 --> 00:07:45,680
343
+ verb with an s why do we put a verb that wants not
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:52,090
347
+ want because it refers to himto George Kingsley
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:52,090 --> 00:07:55,550
351
+ okay so just remember that the verb also agrees
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:55,550 --> 00:07:59,490
355
+ with the noun it is being modified by the
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:59,490 --> 00:08:02,750
359
+ adjective close to c number two yes please his
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:02,750 --> 00:08:05,830
363
+ mother who neglected him and his brother wants to
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:05,830 --> 00:08:09,150
367
+ give him the adjective nice very nice so who
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:09,150 --> 00:08:12,210
371
+ neglected him and his brother number three number
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:12,210 --> 00:08:17,770
375
+ three yes pleaseูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:17,770 --> 00:08:19,550
379
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:30,870 --> 00:08:33,750
383
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฑุฏุฏูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:33,750 --> 00:08:40,070
387
+ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:40,070 --> 00:08:46,750
391
+ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:51,390 --> 00:08:55,730
395
+ a box that contained marijuana was in the living
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:55,730 --> 00:08:59,010
399
+ room that contained marijuana
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:04,750 --> 00:09:07,690
403
+ ู…ุณุชุฑ ููŠู†ูƒุณ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง marijuana which is an illegal
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:07,690 --> 00:09:11,890
407
+ drug which is an illegal drug is the adjective
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:11,890 --> 00:09:15,110
411
+ that was beginning with which number seven please
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:15,110 --> 00:09:18,670
415
+ the boys father who didn't live with their mother
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:18,670 --> 00:09:21,550
419
+ didn't want the children to live with them who
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:21,550 --> 00:09:24,570
423
+ didn't live with their mother who didn't live with
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:24,570 --> 00:09:29,250
427
+ their mother okay number the next one yes sima
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:32,940
431
+ pleaseุงู„ุนูŠุงู„ ูƒู„ ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุณูŠุณ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฑุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:32,940 --> 00:09:36,570
435
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุบู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู†all right who
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:36,570 --> 00:09:41,070
439
+ represents Mrs Kingsley is the adjective close and
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:41,070 --> 00:09:45,270
443
+ finally the judge made a decision that those
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:45,270 --> 00:09:48,510
447
+ people were equivalent is the adjective close that
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:48,510 --> 00:09:53,410
451
+ refers to the decision okay so just to rule the
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:53,410 --> 00:09:56,750
455
+ adjective close must immediately come after the
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:56,750 --> 00:10:02,130
459
+ noun or pronoun it modifies so here that or that
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:02,130 --> 00:10:06,260
463
+ close comes afterthe decision and again who
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:06,260 --> 00:10:10,040
467
+ represented comes after the letter and so on don't
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:13,880
471
+ make a space or a gap between the adjective closed
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:16,760
475
+ and the noun it describes otherwise it would be
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:21,120
479
+ confusing to the reader okay so back to the point
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:25,040
483
+ about uses of the adjective and the clause back we
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:25,040 --> 00:10:30,080
487
+ said just saidwho and who are used only for people
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:34,020
491
+ whereas which is used for things sorry who is the
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:34,020 --> 00:10:36,660
495
+ subject of the clause of course and whom is the
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:36,660 --> 00:10:41,180
499
+ object of the clause whom which is used for things
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:41,180 --> 00:10:45,560
503
+ and that is used forbut even in formal English it
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:45,560 --> 00:10:50,340
507
+ is used for people as well okay what I'd like you
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:50,340 --> 00:10:54,080
511
+ to do is let's look at exercise B in the next page
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:58,100
515
+ on one hundred and fifty nine and what I'd like
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:58,100 --> 00:11:01,600
519
+ you to do is to use either who or which in the
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:06,580
523
+ appropriate blank in this exercise so put who or
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:06,580 --> 00:11:12,060
527
+ which in the appropriate place guess please
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:58,940
531
+ Okay let's see number two yes please okay
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:58,940 --> 00:13:03,900
535
+ so we need to use a who here who know their child
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:07,580
539
+ better than anyone else blah blah blah okay this
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:07,580 --> 00:13:11,340
543
+ is the second one number three yes pleaseSometimes
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:11,340 --> 00:13:15,020
547
+ you bring here a matchmaker which tells if he can
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:15,020 --> 00:13:20,540
551
+ find you a girl which is a matchmaker
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:20,540 --> 00:13:23,500
555
+ is a person is a woman who actually gets people
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:23,500 --> 00:13:27,920
559
+ together or links people ุฎุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ okay so which
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:34,440
563
+ okay which all right number four yes please
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:39,030 --> 00:13:42,510
567
+ All right cool thank you thank you okay it's a
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:42,510 --> 00:13:49,170
571
+ first all right number four yes please which
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:49,170 --> 00:13:53,310
575
+ yes because it's at the first meeting which
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:53,310 --> 00:13:58,470
579
+ usually blah blah blah number five yes please in
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:58,470 --> 00:14:03,910
583
+ some cultures any man or woman who doesn't blood
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:03,910 --> 00:14:05,090
587
+ so it is
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:09,970 --> 00:14:12,570
591
+ marry for love which is a custom in most Muslim
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:12,570 --> 00:14:17,490
595
+ cultures why is it not good? because this is not a
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:17,490 --> 00:14:20,370
599
+ reference this is not a person it's a thing marry
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:20,370 --> 00:14:23,870
603
+ for love and number seven yes please the divorce
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:23,870 --> 00:14:26,890
607
+ rate among couples who marry for love is very high
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:26,890 --> 00:14:31,710
611
+ so the divorce rates among couples that you have
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:31,710 --> 00:14:32,190
615
+ to use
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:37,890 --> 00:14:44,990
619
+ ูˆ ุฃุฎูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:44,990 --> 00:14:46,470
623
+ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:46,630
627
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:46,630 --> 00:14:46,810
631
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:46,810 --> 00:14:47,310
635
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:47,310 --> 00:14:49,810
639
+ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:49,810 --> 00:14:51,550
643
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:51,550 --> 00:14:55,710
647
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:55,710 --> 00:15:00,470
651
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:06,120
655
+ Each pair of sentences using who or whose or who
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:07,820
659
+ or which or
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:52,220 --> 00:17:54,600
663
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุชูุนู„ุŸ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:18:13,630 --> 00:18:22,570
667
+ alright say number one number one yes please very
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:22,570 --> 00:18:27,610
671
+ nice so it has to be who who why is it who not
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:27,610 --> 00:18:31,790
675
+ whom or whosebecause here who is the subject of
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:31,790 --> 00:18:35,430
679
+ the clause because it replaces he and here the man
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:35,430 --> 00:18:38,110
683
+ is the subject of the second clause not the object
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:38,110 --> 00:18:40,810
687
+ of the second clause that's why we use who
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:40,810 --> 00:18:41,470
691
+ generally
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:49,290 --> 00:18:53,110
695
+ it's a thing not a person which is about magic
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:53,110 --> 00:18:56,010
699
+ okay let's see number three number three yes
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:56,010 --> 00:18:58,970
703
+ please doctor examined the patient whom had fallen
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:58,970 --> 00:19:03,250
707
+ from a cliff okay let's see ู‡ูˆู† is that correct
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:06,370 --> 00:19:10,590
711
+ ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:10,590 --> 00:19:15,510
715
+ whom ู‡ูˆ ุนุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:18,410
719
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:18,410 --> 00:19:19,090
723
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:19,090 --> 00:19:19,130
727
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:19,130 --> 00:19:19,170
731
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:19,170 --> 00:19:24,270
735
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:24,270 --> 00:19:31,560
739
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญู‡ู„ just a foreign from
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:31,560 --> 00:19:34,440
743
+ that place so who is the subject of that clause
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:38,340
747
+ whereas whom is generally replaces or becomes the
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:19:38,340 --> 00:19:42,860
751
+ object of that clause or whatever sentence there
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:19:42,860 --> 00:19:50,820
755
+ is okay all right yes please number five four my
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:50,820 --> 00:19:59,160
759
+ sister's cat which had a car which hadOkay which
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:02,560
763
+ had a broken .. excuse me which had a broken
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:02,560 --> 00:20:06,940
767
+ window okay all right let's see number five ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:06,940 --> 00:20:10,960
771
+ please home
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:16,900
775
+ okay let's see is that correct here home there's
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:16,900 --> 00:20:19,980
779
+ no object here all right but there is something
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:19,980 --> 00:20:24,220
783
+ else okay all right yes pleaseand now it's
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:29,460
787
+ something which has to do with who's okay why you
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:29,460 --> 00:20:33,680
791
+ because who's that you just said it is about or
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:33,680 --> 00:20:38,100
795
+ generally for possessive okay for example this is
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:43,000
799
+ the boy whose leg was her whose leg was her okay
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:49,820
803
+ so it is for possessive so restaurant whose
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:49,820 --> 00:20:50,700
807
+ customers
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:56,250 --> 00:21:02,570
811
+ were shot head
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:02,570 --> 00:21:08,110
815
+ closed permanently this is the restaurant whose
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:08,110 --> 00:21:12,250
819
+ customers were shot there head closed permanently
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:12,250 --> 00:21:15,350
823
+ because whose is generally with possessive cases
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:15,350 --> 00:21:19,550
827
+ not with object or subject of that pronoun very
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:19,550 --> 00:21:23,150
831
+ much like I say that the sentence suggests this is
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:25,150 --> 00:21:36,570
835
+ the boy whose leg was hurt or broken in the
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:36,570 --> 00:21:42,390
839
+ accident what is thatุŸ whose leg was hurt in the
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:47,530
843
+ accident is the adjective close describing the boy
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:47,530 --> 00:21:52,390
847
+ and it is in a possessive case not as an object or
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:52,390 --> 00:21:56,790
851
+ a subject of closeOkay? All right. Let's look at
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:56,790 --> 00:22:00,070
855
+ the number six. The sixth one. All right? The
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:22:00,070 --> 00:22:02,970
859
+ parents had .. this is an easy one. Yes please. ุงู„
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:02,970 --> 00:22:06,350
863
+ parents had great respect for the teacher who had
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:06,350 --> 00:22:09,290
867
+ .. Very nice. Because the teacher here is acting
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:09,290 --> 00:22:12,050
871
+ as a subject of the clause and therefore we have
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:12,050 --> 00:22:16,470
875
+ to use the who. Okay? Who had taught their
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:16,470 --> 00:22:22,150
879
+ children. Is this clear?we come to something which
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:22,150 --> 00:22:26,610
883
+ is related to adjectives clauses and this has to
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:26,610 --> 00:22:29,510
887
+ do with punctuating
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:34,120
891
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:34,120 --> 00:22:37,140
895
+ ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:37,140 --> 00:22:43,900
899
+ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:43,900 --> 00:22:49,220
903
+ ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:49,220 --> 00:22:58,910
907
+ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ู…ุน ุฅุฐุง
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:58,910 --> 00:23:05,450
911
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถุŒ ูู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:10,570
915
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฏูู†ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:10,570 --> 00:23:14,970
919
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏูู†ุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุถุน ุงุชุตุงู„ูŠู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:14,970 --> 00:23:20,610
923
+ ู„ุชูุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉof the sentence
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:20,610 --> 00:23:23,610
927
+ is this clear? just generally this is the rule so
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:23,610 --> 00:23:26,890
931
+ descriptive or defining adjective clauses they
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:26,890 --> 00:23:30,670
935
+ identify they are very much necessary information
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:30,670 --> 00:23:34,310
939
+ they identify the noun or pronoun they describe or
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:34,310 --> 00:23:39,590
943
+ they modify they give necessary information and
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:39,590 --> 00:23:42,630
947
+ needed in order to know the noun or the pronoun
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:46,550
951
+ being referred to okay for instance ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:46,550 --> 00:23:53,270
955
+ ุฌู…ู„ุฉwho lives in California is my sisterุŒ now this
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:53,270 --> 00:23:58,330
959
+ is necessary informationุŒ this is defining or
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:58,330 --> 00:24:00,110
963
+ restrict informationุŒ this is necessary
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:00,110 --> 00:24:05,050
967
+ information to definethe doctor all right so when
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:05,050 --> 00:24:07,370
971
+ I say necessary information ูŠุนู†ูŠ this is
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:07,370 --> 00:24:10,990
975
+ information without which I cannot understand the
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:10,990 --> 00:24:14,490
979
+ meaning or I don't know who the doctor is okay
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:14,490 --> 00:24:18,010
983
+ just imagine removing this is not really very
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:18,010 --> 00:24:20,870
987
+ clear so the doctor who lives in California is
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:20,870 --> 00:24:25,230
991
+ necessary information students who do not attend
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:25,230 --> 00:24:31,560
995
+ the classesุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:31,560 --> 00:24:36,680
999
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,980
1003
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:39,980 --> 00:24:45,720
1007
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฑ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:51,130
1011
+ ุจุฑุฏุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงู†ุช ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู†you never put
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:51,130 --> 00:24:53,930
1015
+ a comma with that this is the general rule you
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:24:53,930 --> 00:24:58,750
1019
+ never put a comma with that on the other hand non
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:24:58,750 --> 00:25:02,970
1023
+ -restrictive adjective clauses is give extra
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:02,970 --> 00:25:05,390
1027
+ information so they are not necessary to the
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:05,390 --> 00:25:08,470
1031
+ meaning or to the definition of the noun they
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:08,470 --> 00:25:13,790
1035
+ refer to and therefore we put commas in order to
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:13,790 --> 00:25:15,570
1039
+ separate the adjective closed from
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:23,140 --> 00:25:29,330
1043
+ ูˆ ุงุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ all individuals who bought ticketsุณูŠุชู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:29,330 --> 00:25:32,550
1047
+ ุฅู‚ุฑุงุฑู‡ุง ูˆุฎู„ุงุตู‹ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:32,550 --> 00:25:37,610
1051
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:37,610 --> 00:25:38,010
1055
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:38,010 --> 00:25:38,110
1059
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:38,110 --> 00:25:38,750
1063
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:38,750 --> 00:25:39,410
1067
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:39,410 --> 00:25:41,230
1071
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:25:41,230 --> 00:25:56,290
1075
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:25:56,290 --> 00:25:58,250
1079
+ ุงู„ุจุฑ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:04,110 --> 00:26:09,870
1083
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 8 ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 8 ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃูุนู„ ููŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:26:09,870 --> 00:26:13,030
1087
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 8 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ 8 ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:13,030 --> 00:26:15,630
1091
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุถุบุท ูƒู…ุงุฒ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:15,630 --> 00:26:19,870
1095
+ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ูˆุงู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:19,870 --> 00:26:25,790
1099
+ ูƒู…ุงุฒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุถุบุท ูƒู…ุงุฒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:27:37,330 --> 00:27:40,690
1103
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุณูŠุท ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:28:08,310 --> 00:28:13,350
1107
+ ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ุŒ ุจู„ุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅู…ูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑุงุฌู„ุŒ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:28:13,350 --> 00:28:17,810
1111
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุถุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุจุฏู‹ุงุŒ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:17,810 --> 00:28:22,950
1115
+ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุถุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุจุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:22,950 --> 00:28:27,890
1119
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู†
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:28:27,890 --> 00:28:31,070
1123
+ ู†ุนุฑู ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:28:31,070 --> 00:28:40,790
1127
+ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:28:44,090 --> 00:28:46,710
1131
+ A pediatrician is a doctor who takes care of
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:46,710 --> 00:28:50,010
1135
+ children. Do we need comments? No, because we need
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:50,010 --> 00:28:53,190
1139
+ this as essential information to define what a
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:53,190 --> 00:28:56,070
1143
+ pediatrician is. Okay, so there is no need for
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:56,070 --> 00:28:59,390
1147
+ comments here. Number four. Yes, please. Doctor.
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:03,330
1151
+ Dr. Jones who is our neighbor is a pediatrician. A
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:29:03,330 --> 00:29:08,980
1155
+ pediatrician.ุชูˆ ูƒูˆู…ูŠุฑุฒ ุชูˆ ูƒูˆู…ูŠุฑุฒุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:29:08,980 --> 00:29:12,200
1159
+ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุฌูˆู†ุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:16,280
1163
+ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฅูŠู…ุงุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:17,800
1167
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:19,860
1171
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:19,860 --> 00:29:20,380
1175
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:20,380 --> 00:29:21,080
1179
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:21,120
1183
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:23,520
1187
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:26,320
1191
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:37,010 --> 00:29:42,970
1195
+ Gabriella who study in commerce got A's. So who
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:42,970 --> 00:29:46,690
1199
+ studied .. okay why is that? Because it's
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:46,690 --> 00:29:50,090
1203
+ considered .. we know who these people are so it's
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:50,090 --> 00:29:54,750
1207
+ just already sort of extra information. Got A's on
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:54,750 --> 00:29:58,190
1211
+ the final exam. Please. My birthday is next month
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:29:58,190 --> 00:30:05,820
1215
+ which is holy day.we actually use it's because we
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:05,820 --> 00:30:09,060
1219
+ already what a monday it's already defined okay
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:30:09,060 --> 00:30:13,340
1223
+ and finally a holiday that is especially fun for
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:30:13,340 --> 00:30:17,040
1227
+ children is we don't need to commence with that
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:21,180
1231
+ close okay and it is already sorry essential
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:21,180 --> 00:30:24,300
1235
+ information or necessary information is this clear
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:24,300 --> 00:30:30,960
1239
+ very nice very nice now we need a commawe need a
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:34,940
1243
+ comment because we know that a monday is already
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:30:34,940 --> 00:30:37,840
1247
+ defined okay now let's just conclude with this
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:40,940
1251
+ activity on page one hundred and sixty three sixty
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:30:40,940 --> 00:30:45,100
1255
+ three please and this is an easy exercise what we
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:30:45,100 --> 00:30:48,480
1259
+ have to do is basically join the two pairs of
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:30:48,480 --> 00:30:51,900
1263
+ sentences each pair of sentences with using which
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:30:51,900 --> 00:30:57,780
1267
+ or who in the appropriate way okay one hundred and
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:30:57,780 --> 00:30:59,640
1271
+ sixty three please
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:31:34,620 --> 00:31:37,420
1275
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:31:59,780 --> 00:32:03,200
1279
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:49,250 --> 00:33:50,690
1283
+ ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:34:17,460 --> 00:34:21,000
1287
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุงู‚ู‰ุŸ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:35:07,690 --> 00:35:11,310
1291
+ All right are we done are we finished yes please
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:35:11,310 --> 00:35:16,250
1295
+ all right number three Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Haddad who
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:35:16,250 --> 00:35:18,890
1299
+ are from Lebanon and from Spain is that correct
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:35:18,890 --> 00:35:24,490
1303
+ yes Mr. and Mrs. Haddad who are
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:35:32,510 --> 00:35:39,370
1307
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:35:39,370 --> 00:35:45,590
1311
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:45,590 --> 00:35:46,470
1315
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:46,470 --> 00:35:46,970
1319
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:46,970 --> 00:35:48,530
1323
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:48,530 --> 00:35:48,970
1327
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:48,970 --> 00:35:53,190
1331
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:53,190 --> 00:35:59,630
1335
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:59,630 --> 00:36:04,700
1339
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒis a person is a group of people so we need
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:36:04,700 --> 00:36:09,220
1343
+ who not which okay next please the parents want
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:36:09,220 --> 00:36:19,080
1347
+ her to marry a man who is thirty two years old
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:23,640
1351
+ the husband to be lives in Lebanon, which is the
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:26,260
1355
+ country that she lives in
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:31,540 --> 00:36:36,920
1359
+ which is a country that is in the middle east okay
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:36,920 --> 00:36:42,480
1363
+ number seven he owns a business guess it please
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:47,920
1367
+ okay okay
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:52,640
1371
+ say again that he owns a business which is which
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:59,240
1375
+ iswhich is very successful number eight yes please
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:59,240 --> 00:37:03,600
1379
+ people who know him say that very nice so people
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:10,000
1383
+ who we don't actually people who know him say that
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:14,280
1387
+ yes this is essential information to define the
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:19,400
1391
+ people people who know him say that he is very
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:25,990
1395
+ nice okay all right yesnumber nine number nine yes
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:25,990 --> 00:37:29,550
1399
+ please ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ who want to go to college in her new
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:37:29,550 --> 00:37:33,330
1403
+ country run away from the home rather to marry the
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:37:33,330 --> 00:37:36,750
1407
+ man excellent so ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ we need to define who ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:37:36,750 --> 00:37:48,710
1411
+ is so ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ who was to blah blah blah country okay
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:37:57,060 --> 00:38:03,460
1415
+ Mr and Mrs Haddad
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:38:03,460 --> 00:38:06,660
1419
+ who thought they had arranged a good future for
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:38:06,660 --> 00:38:07,060
1423
+ their daughter
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:38:16,030 --> 00:38:18,210
1427
+ who just bring him a second glance because it
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:38:18,210 --> 00:38:24,510
1431
+ defines who mr and mrs haddad is who thought that
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:24,510 --> 00:38:34,090
1435
+ they have the do not understand why she ranู…ุน
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:38:34,090 --> 00:38:37,250
1439
+ ู†ูุณูŠุŒ ูุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุถุน ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:38:37,250 --> 00:38:42,270
1443
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:38:42,270 --> 00:38:44,050
1447
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:38:44,050 --> 00:38:47,310
1451
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:38:47,310 --> 00:38:47,790
1455
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:38:47,790 --> 00:38:51,210
1459
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:38:51,210 --> 00:38:56,890
1463
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:39:01,950 --> 00:39:05,870
1467
+ ุณู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุŒ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:39:05,870 --> 00:39:08,890
1471
+ ุงุนุชู†ูˆุง ุจู†ูุณูƒู… ูˆ ุฃุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุŒ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:39:08,890 --> 00:39:09,770
1475
+ ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง
1476
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,990 --> 00:00:23,770
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morning, how are you todayุŸ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:23,770 --> 00:00:26,510
7
+ very good, very good, alright, today we're looking
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,510 --> 00:00:30,550
11
+ at an important grammatical point and this is also
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:30,550 --> 00:00:35,850
15
+ relevant to our talk on opinion paragraph writing
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:35,850 --> 00:00:38,750
19
+ and this point has to do with writing good
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:38,750 --> 00:00:43,130
23
+ adjective clauses, so what is an adjective clause
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:43,130 --> 00:00:45,840
27
+ if you know?Does anyone know what is an adjective
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:55,360
31
+ close? it's describe ุฃู†ุง or pronoun from the title
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:58,460
35
+ it's an adjective close so it's a close first of
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:58,460 --> 00:01:01,620
39
+ all close means that it has a subject and a verb
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:01,620 --> 00:01:04,620
43
+ and there is some a group of words which has a
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:04,620 --> 00:01:08,460
47
+ subject and a verb and generally begins with
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:08,460 --> 00:01:15,540
51
+ relative pronouns such as which or who or whoand
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:15,540 --> 00:01:19,460
55
+ it generally does what an adjective does which is
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:19,460 --> 00:01:22,840
59
+ describing a noun or pronoun so this is what we
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:26,140
63
+ mean by an adjective proves it is used to modify
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:26,140 --> 00:01:29,700
67
+ that is to say it is used to describe a noun or
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,700 --> 00:01:35,330
71
+ pronounูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:35,330 --> 00:01:35,330
75
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:35,330 --> 00:01:35,410
79
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:35,410 --> 00:01:36,070
83
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:36,070 --> 00:01:37,010
87
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:37,010 --> 00:01:39,490
91
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:39,490 --> 00:01:39,930
95
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:39,930 --> 00:01:40,470
99
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:40,470 --> 00:01:42,430
103
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:42,430 --> 00:01:51,500
107
+ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„that and so on or whose okay
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:51,500 --> 00:01:55,600
111
+ just look at these exams let's just discuss these
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:01:55,600 --> 00:02:01,100
115
+ exams the book which I like is on the table where
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:01,100 --> 00:02:05,340
119
+ is the adjective in the clause which I
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:05,340 --> 00:02:09,060
123
+ like okay so it begins it has a subject and a verb
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:09,060 --> 00:02:12,900
127
+ and is a clause that begins with which in this
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:12,900 --> 00:02:16,990
131
+ caseู…ุงู‡ูŠ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ Which I LikeุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:16,990 --> 00:02:20,290
135
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุณ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:20,290 --> 00:02:23,970
139
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฃูˆ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒุชุงุจุฉ Which I
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:23,970 --> 00:02:29,430
143
+ LikeุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุตุทู„ุญุŒ ูƒู…ุตุทู„ุญ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:29,430 --> 00:02:34,510
147
+ ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ุงูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:34,510 --> 00:02:39,130
151
+ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:39,130 --> 00:02:42,570
155
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูŠู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ุตุทู„ุญูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:42,570 --> 00:02:47,870
159
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:47,870 --> 00:02:48,230
163
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:48,230 --> 00:02:51,590
167
+ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:51,590 --> 00:02:55,090
171
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:55,090 --> 00:02:55,210
175
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:02:55,210 --> 00:02:57,550
179
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:02:57,550 --> 00:03:02,770
183
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„or who or who or that and does the
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:02,770 --> 00:03:08,630
187
+ work of ุงู„ุงุดูุชูŠู†. okay? seven. the students whose
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:12,740
191
+ hands was upwas or gave the wrong answer so the
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:12,740 --> 00:03:18,500
195
+ adjective closed here was up and it describes the
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:18,500 --> 00:03:21,180
199
+ students and the last example is the car that
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:21,180 --> 00:03:24,960
203
+ Ahmed is driving is not here that Ahmed is driving
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:28,460
207
+ is an adjective closed describing the car is this
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:28,460 --> 00:03:30,900
211
+ clear all right very good all right now let's look
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:30,900 --> 00:03:36,420
215
+ at these examples and identify the adjective
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:36,420 --> 00:03:37,940
219
+ closed in each one of these
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:45,380
223
+ I play a kind of music that nobody likes adjective
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:45,380 --> 00:03:58,020
227
+ that nobody likes the man
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:58,020 --> 00:04:04,560
231
+ who you saw was not the famous actor whom you saw
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:06,840
235
+ very nice so this is the adjective
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:09,980 --> 00:04:13,200
239
+ I remember the day when I took my first English
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:19,400
243
+ class. Yes, when I took it, all of it is the
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:22,400
247
+ adjective close, all right? Number four, number
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:25,060
251
+ four, yes please. I have a neighbor whose parents
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:25,060 --> 00:04:28,680
255
+ live in Australia. Whose neighbor lives in
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:33,440
259
+ Australia is the adjective close describing I or
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:33,440 --> 00:04:38,420
263
+ neighbor.is describing the neighbor okay and
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:38,420 --> 00:04:42,940
267
+ finally yes please which
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:42,940 --> 00:04:49,620
271
+ I like is the adjectives describing the book so
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:49,620 --> 00:04:52,160
275
+ this is the idea of adjectives let's look at our
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:56,440
279
+ textbook page one hundred and fifty eight please
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:56,440 --> 00:04:59,320
283
+ page one hundred and fifty eight
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:05,990 --> 00:05:11,350
287
+ ู„ู†ู†ุธุฑ ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ูˆู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:11,350 --> 00:05:17,670
291
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูู‚ุท ู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฑู‚ู… 1
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:17,670 --> 00:05:23,510
295
+ 158 ุงู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆู…ู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:23,510 --> 00:05:27,450
299
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉand who is generally used for people
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:27,450 --> 00:05:31,150
303
+ which is used for things and that is used for
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:31,150 --> 00:05:35,050
307
+ people for things and in formal English it is used
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:35,050 --> 00:05:40,870
311
+ for people Now in the exercise below in exercise A
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:40,870 --> 00:05:43,630
315
+ what I'd like you to do is just to quickly read
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:43,630 --> 00:05:47,130
319
+ these examples and identify the adjectives and
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:47,130 --> 00:05:51,270
323
+ clauses in each one of these sub sentences
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:23,340 --> 00:07:26,360
327
+ All right let's see number .. as you can see in
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:26,360 --> 00:07:30,280
331
+ number one George Kingsley who is twelve years old
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:34,680
335
+ wants to divorce his mother okay so what we see is
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:34,680 --> 00:07:37,960
339
+ who is twelve years old is the adjective close and
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:37,960 --> 00:07:41,380
343
+ notice that begins with who and notice also the
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:41,380 --> 00:07:45,680
347
+ verb with an s why do we put a verb that wants not
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:45,680 --> 00:07:52,090
351
+ want because it refers to himto George Kingsley
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:52,090 --> 00:07:55,550
355
+ okay so just remember that the verb also agrees
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:55,550 --> 00:07:59,490
359
+ with the noun it is being modified by the
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:59,490 --> 00:08:02,750
363
+ adjective close to c number two yes please his
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:02,750 --> 00:08:05,830
367
+ mother who neglected him and his brother wants to
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,830 --> 00:08:09,150
371
+ give him the adjective nice very nice so who
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:09,150 --> 00:08:12,210
375
+ neglected him and his brother number three number
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:12,210 --> 00:08:17,770
379
+ three yes pleaseูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:17,770 --> 00:08:19,550
383
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:30,870 --> 00:08:33,750
387
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฑุฏุฏูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:33,750 --> 00:08:40,070
391
+ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:40,070 --> 00:08:46,750
395
+ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‡ุงุฌู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุงุจูˆูŠุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:51,390 --> 00:08:55,730
399
+ a box that contained marijuana was in the living
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:55,730 --> 00:08:59,010
403
+ room that contained marijuana
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:04,750 --> 00:09:07,690
407
+ ู…ุณุชุฑ ููŠู†ูƒุณ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง marijuana which is an illegal
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:07,690 --> 00:09:11,890
411
+ drug which is an illegal drug is the adjective
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:11,890 --> 00:09:15,110
415
+ that was beginning with which number seven please
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:15,110 --> 00:09:18,670
419
+ the boys father who didn't live with their mother
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:18,670 --> 00:09:21,550
423
+ didn't want the children to live with them who
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:21,550 --> 00:09:24,570
427
+ didn't live with their mother who didn't live with
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:24,570 --> 00:09:29,250
431
+ their mother okay number the next one yes sima
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:32,940
435
+ pleaseุงู„ุนูŠุงู„ ูƒู„ ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ููŠ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุณูŠุณ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฑุง
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:32,940 --> 00:09:36,570
439
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุบู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุงุณู… ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู†all right who
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:36,570 --> 00:09:41,070
443
+ represents Mrs Kingsley is the adjective close and
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:41,070 --> 00:09:45,270
447
+ finally the judge made a decision that those
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:45,270 --> 00:09:48,510
451
+ people were equivalent is the adjective close that
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:48,510 --> 00:09:53,410
455
+ refers to the decision okay so just to rule the
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:53,410 --> 00:09:56,750
459
+ adjective close must immediately come after the
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:56,750 --> 00:10:02,130
463
+ noun or pronoun it modifies so here that or that
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:02,130 --> 00:10:06,260
467
+ close comes afterthe decision and again who
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:06,260 --> 00:10:10,040
471
+ represented comes after the letter and so on don't
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:13,880
475
+ make a space or a gap between the adjective closed
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:16,760
479
+ and the noun it describes otherwise it would be
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:21,120
483
+ confusing to the reader okay so back to the point
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:25,040
487
+ about uses of the adjective and the clause back we
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:25,040 --> 00:10:30,080
491
+ said just saidwho and who are used only for people
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:34,020
495
+ whereas which is used for things sorry who is the
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:34,020 --> 00:10:36,660
499
+ subject of the clause of course and whom is the
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:36,660 --> 00:10:41,180
503
+ object of the clause whom which is used for things
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:41,180 --> 00:10:45,560
507
+ and that is used forbut even in formal English it
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:45,560 --> 00:10:50,340
511
+ is used for people as well okay what I'd like you
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:50,340 --> 00:10:54,080
515
+ to do is let's look at exercise B in the next page
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:54,080 --> 00:10:58,100
519
+ on one hundred and fifty nine and what I'd like
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:58,100 --> 00:11:01,600
523
+ you to do is to use either who or which in the
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:06,580
527
+ appropriate blank in this exercise so put who or
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:06,580 --> 00:11:12,060
531
+ which in the appropriate place guess please
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:58,940
535
+ Okay let's see number two yes please okay
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:58,940 --> 00:13:03,900
539
+ so we need to use a who here who know their child
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:07,580
543
+ better than anyone else blah blah blah okay this
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:07,580 --> 00:13:11,340
547
+ is the second one number three yes pleaseSometimes
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:11,340 --> 00:13:15,020
551
+ you bring here a matchmaker which tells if he can
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:15,020 --> 00:13:20,540
555
+ find you a girl which is a matchmaker
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:13:20,540 --> 00:13:23,500
559
+ is a person is a woman who actually gets people
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:13:23,500 --> 00:13:27,920
563
+ together or links people ุฎุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ okay so which
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:34,440
567
+ okay which all right number four yes please
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:13:39,030 --> 00:13:42,510
571
+ All right cool thank you thank you okay it's a
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:13:42,510 --> 00:13:49,170
575
+ first all right number four yes please which
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:13:49,170 --> 00:13:53,310
579
+ yes because it's at the first meeting which
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:13:53,310 --> 00:13:58,470
583
+ usually blah blah blah number five yes please in
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:58,470 --> 00:14:03,910
587
+ some cultures any man or woman who doesn't blood
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:03,910 --> 00:14:05,090
591
+ so it is
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:14:09,970 --> 00:14:12,570
595
+ marry for love which is a custom in most Muslim
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:14:12,570 --> 00:14:17,490
599
+ cultures why is it not good? because this is not a
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:14:17,490 --> 00:14:20,370
603
+ reference this is not a person it's a thing marry
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:14:20,370 --> 00:14:23,870
607
+ for love and number seven yes please the divorce
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:14:23,870 --> 00:14:26,890
611
+ rate among couples who marry for love is very high
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:14:26,890 --> 00:14:31,710
615
+ so the divorce rates among couples that you have
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:31,710 --> 00:14:32,190
619
+ to use
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:37,890 --> 00:14:44,990
623
+ ูˆ ุฃุฎูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:44,990 --> 00:14:46,470
627
+ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:46,630
631
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:46,630 --> 00:14:46,810
635
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:46,810 --> 00:14:47,310
639
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:47,310 --> 00:14:49,810
643
+ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:49,810 --> 00:14:51,550
647
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:51,550 --> 00:14:55,710
651
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:55,710 --> 00:15:00,470
655
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุน ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:01,440 --> 00:15:06,120
659
+ Each pair of sentences using who or whose or who
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:07,820
663
+ or which or
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:52,220 --> 00:17:54,600
667
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ุงู† ุชูุนู„ุŸ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:13,630 --> 00:18:22,570
671
+ alright say number one number one yes please very
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:22,570 --> 00:18:27,610
675
+ nice so it has to be who who why is it who not
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:27,610 --> 00:18:31,790
679
+ whom or whosebecause here who is the subject of
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:31,790 --> 00:18:35,430
683
+ the clause because it replaces he and here the man
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:35,430 --> 00:18:38,110
687
+ is the subject of the second clause not the object
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:38,110 --> 00:18:40,810
691
+ of the second clause that's why we use who
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:40,810 --> 00:18:41,470
695
+ generally
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:49,290 --> 00:18:53,110
699
+ it's a thing not a person which is about magic
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:53,110 --> 00:18:56,010
703
+ okay let's see number three number three yes
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:18:56,010 --> 00:18:58,970
707
+ please doctor examined the patient whom had fallen
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:18:58,970 --> 00:19:03,250
711
+ from a cliff okay let's see ู‡ูˆู† is that correct
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:06,370 --> 00:19:10,590
715
+ ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:10,590 --> 00:19:15,510
719
+ whom ู‡ูˆ ุนุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:18,410
723
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:18,410 --> 00:19:19,090
727
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:19,090 --> 00:19:19,130
731
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:19,130 --> 00:19:19,170
735
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:19,170 --> 00:19:24,270
739
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:24,270 --> 00:19:31,560
743
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญู‡ู„ just a foreign from
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:31,560 --> 00:19:34,440
747
+ that place so who is the subject of that clause
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:38,340
751
+ whereas whom is generally replaces or becomes the
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:19:38,340 --> 00:19:42,860
755
+ object of that clause or whatever sentence there
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:19:42,860 --> 00:19:50,820
759
+ is okay all right yes please number five four my
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:19:50,820 --> 00:19:59,160
763
+ sister's cat which had a car which hadOkay which
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:02,560
767
+ had a broken .. excuse me which had a broken
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:02,560 --> 00:20:06,940
771
+ window okay all right let's see number five ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:06,940 --> 00:20:10,960
775
+ please home
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:10,960 --> 00:20:16,900
779
+ okay let's see is that correct here home there's
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:16,900 --> 00:20:19,980
783
+ no object here all right but there is something
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:19,980 --> 00:20:24,220
787
+ else okay all right yes pleaseand now it's
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:29,460
791
+ something which has to do with who's okay why you
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:20:29,460 --> 00:20:33,680
795
+ because who's that you just said it is about or
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:20:33,680 --> 00:20:38,100
799
+ generally for possessive okay for example this is
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:43,000
803
+ the boy whose leg was her whose leg was her okay
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:49,820
807
+ so it is for possessive so restaurant whose
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:20:49,820 --> 00:20:50,700
811
+ customers
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:20:56,250 --> 00:21:02,570
815
+ were shot head
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:02,570 --> 00:21:08,110
819
+ closed permanently this is the restaurant whose
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:08,110 --> 00:21:12,250
823
+ customers were shot there head closed permanently
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:21:12,250 --> 00:21:15,350
827
+ because whose is generally with possessive cases
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:21:15,350 --> 00:21:19,550
831
+ not with object or subject of that pronoun very
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:21:19,550 --> 00:21:23,150
835
+ much like I say that the sentence suggests this is
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:21:25,150 --> 00:21:36,570
839
+ the boy whose leg was hurt or broken in the
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:21:36,570 --> 00:21:42,390
843
+ accident what is thatุŸ whose leg was hurt in the
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:47,530
847
+ accident is the adjective close describing the boy
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:21:47,530 --> 00:21:52,390
851
+ and it is in a possessive case not as an object or
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:21:52,390 --> 00:21:56,790
855
+ a subject of closeOkay? All right. Let's look at
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:56,790 --> 00:22:00,070
859
+ the number six. The sixth one. All right? The
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:00,070 --> 00:22:02,970
863
+ parents had .. this is an easy one. Yes please. ุงู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:02,970 --> 00:22:06,350
867
+ parents had great respect for the teacher who had
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:06,350 --> 00:22:09,290
871
+ .. Very nice. Because the teacher here is acting
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:09,290 --> 00:22:12,050
875
+ as a subject of the clause and therefore we have
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:12,050 --> 00:22:16,470
879
+ to use the who. Okay? Who had taught their
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:16,470 --> 00:22:22,150
883
+ children. Is this clear?we come to something which
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:22,150 --> 00:22:26,610
887
+ is related to adjectives clauses and this has to
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:26,610 --> 00:22:29,510
891
+ do with punctuating
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:34,120
895
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:34,120 --> 00:22:37,140
899
+ ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:37,140 --> 00:22:43,900
903
+ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:43,900 --> 00:22:49,220
907
+ ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:49,220 --> 00:22:58,910
911
+ ูˆุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌูŠูƒุชููŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ู…ุน ุฅุฐุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:58,910 --> 00:23:05,450
915
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถุŒ ูู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:10,570
919
+ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฏูู†ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:10,570 --> 00:23:14,970
923
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏูู†ุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุถุน ุงุชุตุงู„ูŠู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:14,970 --> 00:23:20,610
927
+ ู„ุชูุฑู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉof the sentence
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:20,610 --> 00:23:23,610
931
+ is this clear? just generally this is the rule so
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:23,610 --> 00:23:26,890
935
+ descriptive or defining adjective clauses they
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:26,890 --> 00:23:30,670
939
+ identify they are very much necessary information
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:30,670 --> 00:23:34,310
943
+ they identify the noun or pronoun they describe or
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:34,310 --> 00:23:39,590
947
+ they modify they give necessary information and
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:39,590 --> 00:23:42,630
951
+ needed in order to know the noun or the pronoun
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:42,630 --> 00:23:46,550
955
+ being referred to okay for instance ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:46,550 --> 00:23:53,270
959
+ ุฌู…ู„ุฉwho lives in California is my sisterุŒ now this
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:53,270 --> 00:23:58,330
963
+ is necessary informationุŒ this is defining or
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:58,330 --> 00:24:00,110
967
+ restrict informationุŒ this is necessary
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:00,110 --> 00:24:05,050
971
+ information to definethe doctor all right so when
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:05,050 --> 00:24:07,370
975
+ I say necessary information ูŠุนู†ูŠ this is
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:07,370 --> 00:24:10,990
979
+ information without which I cannot understand the
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:10,990 --> 00:24:14,490
983
+ meaning or I don't know who the doctor is okay
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:14,490 --> 00:24:18,010
987
+ just imagine removing this is not really very
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:18,010 --> 00:24:20,870
991
+ clear so the doctor who lives in California is
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:20,870 --> 00:24:25,230
995
+ necessary information students who do not attend
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:25,230 --> 00:24:31,560
999
+ the classesุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:31,560 --> 00:24:36,680
1003
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,980
1007
+ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนุตูˆุฑ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:39,980 --> 00:24:45,720
1011
+ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฑ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:45,720 --> 00:24:51,130
1015
+ ุจุฑุฏุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ูˆุงู†ุช ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู†you never put
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:24:51,130 --> 00:24:53,930
1019
+ a comma with that this is the general rule you
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:24:53,930 --> 00:24:58,750
1023
+ never put a comma with that on the other hand non
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:24:58,750 --> 00:25:02,970
1027
+ -restrictive adjective clauses is give extra
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:02,970 --> 00:25:05,390
1031
+ information so they are not necessary to the
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:05,390 --> 00:25:08,470
1035
+ meaning or to the definition of the noun they
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:08,470 --> 00:25:13,790
1039
+ refer to and therefore we put commas in order to
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:13,790 --> 00:25:15,570
1043
+ separate the adjective closed from
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:23,140 --> 00:25:29,330
1047
+ ูˆ ุงุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ all individuals who bought ticketsุณูŠุชู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:29,330 --> 00:25:32,550
1051
+ ุฅู‚ุฑุงุฑู‡ุง ูˆุฎู„ุงุตู‹ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:32,550 --> 00:25:37,610
1055
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:37,610 --> 00:25:38,010
1059
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:38,010 --> 00:25:38,110
1063
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:38,110 --> 00:25:38,750
1067
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:38,750 --> 00:25:39,410
1071
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:25:39,410 --> 00:25:39,410
1075
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:25:39,410 --> 00:25:41,230
1079
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:25:41,230 --> 00:25:56,290
1083
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณูŠุฆ ูˆู‡ูˆ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:25:56,290 --> 00:25:58,250
1087
+ ุงู„ุจุฑ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:04,110 --> 00:26:09,870
1091
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 8 ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 8 ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃูุนู„ ููŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:09,870 --> 00:26:13,030
1095
+ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… 8 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ 8 ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:13,030 --> 00:26:15,630
1099
+ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุถุบุท ูƒู…ุงุฒ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:26:15,630 --> 00:26:19,870
1103
+ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ูˆุงู†ุชุธุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ุง
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:19,870 --> 00:26:25,790
1107
+ ูƒู…ุงุฒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุถุบุท ูƒู…ุงุฒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:27:37,330 --> 00:27:40,690
1111
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุณูŠุท ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:08,310 --> 00:28:13,350
1115
+ ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰ุŒ ุจู„ุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฅู…ูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฑุงุฌู„ุŒ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:13,350 --> 00:28:17,810
1119
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุถุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุจุฏู‹ุงุŒ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:28:17,810 --> 00:28:22,950
1123
+ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุถุน ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุจุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:28:22,950 --> 00:28:27,890
1127
+ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฑุฃูŠูƒุŸูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:28:27,890 --> 00:28:31,070
1131
+ ู†ุนุฑู ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:31,070 --> 00:28:40,790
1135
+ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:44,090 --> 00:28:46,710
1139
+ A pediatrician is a doctor who takes care of
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:46,710 --> 00:28:50,010
1143
+ children. Do we need comments? No, because we need
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:50,010 --> 00:28:53,190
1147
+ this as essential information to define what a
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:28:53,190 --> 00:28:56,070
1151
+ pediatrician is. Okay, so there is no need for
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:28:56,070 --> 00:28:59,390
1155
+ comments here. Number four. Yes, please. Doctor.
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:03,330
1159
+ Dr. Jones who is our neighbor is a pediatrician. A
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:03,330 --> 00:29:08,980
1163
+ pediatrician.ุชูˆ ูƒูˆู…ูŠุฑุฒ ุชูˆ ูƒูˆู…ูŠุฑุฒุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:29:08,980 --> 00:29:12,200
1167
+ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุฌูˆู†ุฒุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:16,280
1171
+ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฅูŠู…ุงุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:16,280 --> 00:29:17,800
1175
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:17,800 --> 00:29:19,860
1179
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:19,860 --> 00:29:20,380
1183
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:20,380 --> 00:29:21,080
1187
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:21,120
1191
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:21,120
1195
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:23,520
1199
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:26,320
1203
+ ุงู„ู„ุฐุงุช
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:37,010 --> 00:29:42,970
1207
+ Gabriella who study in commerce got A's. So who
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:42,970 --> 00:29:46,690
1211
+ studied .. okay why is that? Because it's
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:29:46,690 --> 00:29:50,090
1215
+ considered .. we know who these people are so it's
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:29:50,090 --> 00:29:54,750
1219
+ just already sort of extra information. Got A's on
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:29:54,750 --> 00:29:58,190
1223
+ the final exam. Please. My birthday is next month
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:29:58,190 --> 00:30:05,820
1227
+ which is holy day.we actually use it's because we
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:05,820 --> 00:30:09,060
1231
+ already what a monday it's already defined okay
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:09,060 --> 00:30:13,340
1235
+ and finally a holiday that is especially fun for
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:13,340 --> 00:30:17,040
1239
+ children is we don't need to commence with that
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:21,180
1243
+ close okay and it is already sorry essential
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:30:21,180 --> 00:30:24,300
1247
+ information or necessary information is this clear
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:24,300 --> 00:30:30,960
1251
+ very nice very nice now we need a commawe need a
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:34,940
1255
+ comment because we know that a monday is already
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:30:34,940 --> 00:30:37,840
1259
+ defined okay now let's just conclude with this
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:40,940
1263
+ activity on page one hundred and sixty three sixty
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:30:40,940 --> 00:30:45,100
1267
+ three please and this is an easy exercise what we
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:30:45,100 --> 00:30:48,480
1271
+ have to do is basically join the two pairs of
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:30:48,480 --> 00:30:51,900
1275
+ sentences each pair of sentences with using which
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:30:51,900 --> 00:30:57,780
1279
+ or who in the appropriate way okay one hundred and
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:30:57,780 --> 00:30:59,640
1283
+ sixty three please
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:31:34,620 --> 00:31:37,420
1287
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:31:59,780 --> 00:32:03,200
1291
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:33:49,250 --> 00:33:50,690
1295
+ ู…ุด ูุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:17,460 --> 00:34:21,000
1299
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุงู‚ู‰ุŸ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:35:07,690 --> 00:35:11,310
1303
+ All right are we done are we finished yes please
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:35:11,310 --> 00:35:16,250
1307
+ all right number three Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Haddad who
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:35:16,250 --> 00:35:18,890
1311
+ are from Lebanon and from Spain is that correct
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:18,890 --> 00:35:24,490
1315
+ yes Mr. and Mrs. Haddad who are
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:32,510 --> 00:35:39,370
1319
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:39,370 --> 00:35:45,590
1323
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:45,590 --> 00:35:46,470
1327
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:46,470 --> 00:35:46,970
1331
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:46,970 --> 00:35:46,970
1335
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:46,970 --> 00:35:48,530
1339
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:48,530 --> 00:35:48,970
1343
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:48,970 --> 00:35:53,190
1347
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:35:53,190 --> 00:35:59,630
1351
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:35:59,630 --> 00:36:04,700
1355
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒis a person is a group of people so we need
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:04,700 --> 00:36:09,220
1359
+ who not which okay next please the parents want
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:09,220 --> 00:36:19,080
1363
+ her to marry a man who is thirty two years old
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:23,640
1367
+ the husband to be lives in Lebanon, which is the
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:26,260
1371
+ country that she lives in
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:31,540 --> 00:36:36,920
1375
+ which is a country that is in the middle east okay
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:36:36,920 --> 00:36:42,480
1379
+ number seven he owns a business guess it please
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:47,920
1383
+ okay okay
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:52,640
1387
+ say again that he owns a business which is which
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:59,240
1391
+ iswhich is very successful number eight yes please
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:36:59,240 --> 00:37:03,600
1395
+ people who know him say that very nice so people
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:10,000
1399
+ who we don't actually people who know him say that
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:14,280
1403
+ yes this is essential information to define the
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:19,400
1407
+ people people who know him say that he is very
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:25,990
1411
+ nice okay all right yesnumber nine number nine yes
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:37:25,990 --> 00:37:29,550
1415
+ please ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ who want to go to college in her new
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:37:29,550 --> 00:37:33,330
1419
+ country run away from the home rather to marry the
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:37:33,330 --> 00:37:36,750
1423
+ man excellent so ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ we need to define who ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:37:36,750 --> 00:37:48,710
1427
+ is so ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ who was to blah blah blah country okay
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:37:57,060 --> 00:38:03,460
1431
+ Mr and Mrs Haddad
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:38:03,460 --> 00:38:06,660
1435
+ who thought they had arranged a good future for
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:38:06,660 --> 00:38:07,060
1439
+ their daughter
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:38:16,030 --> 00:38:18,210
1443
+ who just bring him a second glance because it
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:38:18,210 --> 00:38:24,510
1447
+ defines who mr and mrs haddad is who thought that
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:38:24,510 --> 00:38:34,090
1451
+ they have the do not understand why she ranู…ุน
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:38:34,090 --> 00:38:37,250
1455
+ ู†ูุณูŠุŒ ูุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุถุน ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:38:37,250 --> 00:38:42,270
1459
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:38:42,270 --> 00:38:44,050
1463
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:38:44,050 --> 00:38:47,310
1467
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:38:47,310 --> 00:38:47,790
1471
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:38:47,790 --> 00:38:51,210
1475
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:38:51,210 --> 00:38:56,890
1479
+ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃูƒุชุฆุงุจ ุฃ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:39:01,950 --> 00:39:05,870
1483
+ ุณู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุŒ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:39:05,870 --> 00:39:08,890
1487
+ ุงุนุชู†ูˆุง ุจู†ูุณูƒู… ูˆ ุฃุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุŒ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:39:08,890 --> 00:39:09,770
1491
+ ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง
1492
+
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:21,290 --> 00:00:42,250
3
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุŒ good morning how are you todayุŸ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:50,820 --> 00:00:55,440
7
+ and effect paragraph writing. So what is a cause
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:55,440 --> 00:00:58,120
11
+ and effect paragraph? Generally, whenever we look
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:03,180
15
+ at causes and effects, we actually look at how
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:01:03,180 --> 00:01:07,300
19
+ they affect each other. In other words, cause and
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:10,860
23
+ effect depend on each other. For example, you
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:01:10,860 --> 00:01:14,440
27
+ can't have one without the other. For example, if
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:14,440 --> 00:01:18,960
31
+ we looked at like a plane crash, okay?ูู†ูุชุญ ููƒุฑุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:23,160
35
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃุณุจุจุช ุชุญุทูŠู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎุทุฃ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุŸ ู‡ู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:30,200
39
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎุทุฃ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:36,160
43
+ ุชุญุทูŠู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:36,160 --> 00:01:37,460
47
+ ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:37,460 --> 00:01:41,260
51
+ ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช ู…ุงุชุช
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:54,300
55
+ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฆุนุฉ ุชูƒุชุดู ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุนุถ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:54,300 --> 00:01:59,840
59
+ ุงู„ูุงุฆุนุงุช ุชุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุฆุนุงุช ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:04,000
63
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุฆุนุงุช ุชุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุฆุนุงุช ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:08,180
67
+ ุณู†ุฐู‡ุจ ููŠ ู†ูุณูŠ ูƒู„ุงุณ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:02:08,180 --> 00:02:09,280
71
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:11,040
75
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:11,640
79
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:02:11,640 --> 00:02:11,640
83
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:11,640 --> 00:02:13,080
87
+ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:20,160
91
+ ุนู…ู„ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‚ุตุต ูˆ ุฃููƒุงุฑ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:25,320
95
+ ู„ู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ูƒุชุจ ุนู† ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃูˆ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:30,960
99
+ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุดูŠุกุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุณุฃู„ ู†ูุณู†ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:30,960 --> 00:02:35,920
103
+ ุงู„ุณุจุจุงุช ู„ู€ X ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฏู‰ ู„ู€ XุŒ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:35,920 --> 00:02:37,620
107
+ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุญุฏุซ XุŸ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:42,070 --> 00:02:45,430
111
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุงููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:45,430 --> 00:02:48,610
115
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:48,610 --> 00:02:48,830
119
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:52,810
123
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:52,810 --> 00:03:01,850
127
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุจุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:03:02,800 --> 00:03:06,260
131
+ Okay let us just look quickly at these examples
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:06,260 --> 00:03:10,340
135
+ and try to identify the cause and the effect in
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:10,340 --> 00:03:13,340
139
+ each one of these paragraphs. Let's start with the
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:13,340 --> 00:03:17,580
143
+ first one. A very cold weather make people stay
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:17,580 --> 00:03:22,100
147
+ indoor. What is the cause here? What is the cause
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:22,100 --> 00:03:24,060
151
+ here? A very cold weather will make people stay
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:24,060 --> 00:03:29,750
155
+ indoor? Yes please.ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู„ุงู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:29,750 --> 00:03:31,950
159
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:31,950 --> 00:03:33,870
163
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:33,870 --> 00:03:37,410
167
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:37,410 --> 00:03:38,810
171
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:38,810 --> 00:03:39,830
175
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:39,830 --> 00:03:41,030
179
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:41,030 --> 00:03:47,410
183
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:47,410 --> 00:03:48,530
187
+ ู†ุนู…ุŒ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:05,830 --> 00:04:09,650
191
+ economic growth creates many jobs which in turn
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:09,650 --> 00:04:13,970
195
+ make many families live in better conditions
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:18,320
199
+ economic growth a growth creates many jobs which
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:21,500
203
+ in turn make many families live in better
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:21,500 --> 00:04:26,280
207
+ conditions. So ุฏุงู†ูŠุงู„ please. Economic growth is
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:26,280 --> 00:04:34,040
211
+ the cause which leads to creating jobs. And these
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:40,180
215
+ many jobs it becomes the first coreุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ุชุนูŠุด
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:40,180 --> 00:04:43,780
219
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุชูˆุงุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:43,780 --> 00:04:49,540
223
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฅูุงู‚ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅูุงู‚ ูŠุตุจุญ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุฅูุงู‚. ุฑู‚ู…
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:49,540 --> 00:04:54,180
227
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉุŒ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:54,180 --> 00:05:02,270
231
+ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนูŠุฉ ุณุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„.New agricultural
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:02,270 --> 00:05:05,270
235
+ methods will help solve many problems. Yes please.
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:05,290 --> 00:05:08,330
239
+ Agricultural methods is the cause and help solve
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:08,330 --> 00:05:11,430
243
+ many problems. Very nice. So helping solve many
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:11,430 --> 00:05:15,850
247
+ problems is the effect or the result of something.
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:20,370
251
+ Necessity is the mother of invention. What is the
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:20,370 --> 00:05:26,020
255
+ cause here?necessity is the cause and the result
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:26,020 --> 00:05:29,340
259
+ is the mother of the invention this is the result
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:29,340 --> 00:05:31,660
263
+ this is the consequence this is the effect of
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:31,660 --> 00:05:36,300
267
+ necessity is that it leads to other to the
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:36,300 --> 00:05:39,500
271
+ invention look at the remaining sentences try to
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:39,500 --> 00:05:43,560
275
+ identify the causes and effects in each one of
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:44,840
279
+ these sentences
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:51,930 --> 00:06:55,730
283
+ all right let's see number six yes please having a
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:55,730 --> 00:06:59,250
287
+ cold is a cause not going to class is a result yes
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:59,250 --> 00:07:01,970
291
+ I had a cold this is the cause and not going to
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:01,970 --> 00:07:05,710
295
+ class this is the effect very good yes please over
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:05,710 --> 00:07:12,590
299
+ there because I had a cold yes this is the effect
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:12,590 --> 00:07:18,430
303
+ very nice and the cause is having
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:18,430 --> 00:07:26,340
307
+ a coldุณู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… 8ุŒ ู†ุนู… ุจูุถู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:26,340 --> 00:07:33,580
311
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:33,580 --> 00:07:33,580
315
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:33,580 --> 00:07:33,580
319
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:33,580 --> 00:07:33,720
323
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:33,720 --> 00:07:34,360
327
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:41,320
331
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆุถุน
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:46,520
335
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:54,460
339
+ consumption is the result of
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:54,460 --> 00:07:57,920
343
+ an increase in consumption in the cruise and
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:02,140
347
+ finally bad road conditions cause the car accident
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:02,140 --> 00:08:03,780
351
+ of their place
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:07,860 --> 00:08:10,940
355
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:10,940 --> 00:08:12,120
359
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:12,420
363
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:12,420 --> 00:08:12,720
367
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:12,720 --> 00:08:14,400
371
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:14,620
375
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:14,620 --> 00:08:14,840
379
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:18,340
383
+ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:18,340 --> 00:08:25,360
387
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุต
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:26,830 --> 00:08:31,170
391
+ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:31,170 --> 00:08:35,050
395
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉุŸ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:35,050 --> 00:08:41,550
399
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… a as a as a ุจุณุจุจ f
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:41,550 --> 00:08:46,920
403
+ thenleads to for example pollution or air
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:46,920 --> 00:08:50,200
407
+ pollution leads to health problems for example or
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:50,200 --> 00:08:54,620
411
+ too many diseases and so on therefore thus as a
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:54,620 --> 00:08:58,780
415
+ consequent consequently and so on we can also add
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:58,780 --> 00:09:02,900
419
+ something called degrees of certainty that is to
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:02,900 --> 00:09:08,060
423
+ sayhow much inputs how much certainty do you add
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:08,060 --> 00:09:11,180
427
+ to the proposition to the statement you are saying
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:11,180 --> 00:09:16,500
431
+ for example air pollution certainly leads to
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:16,500 --> 00:09:21,080
435
+ health problems for example soil pollution may
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:24,520
439
+ cause some problems okay so degrees of certainty
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:24,520 --> 00:09:28,740
443
+ is about the degree of certainty you attach to
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:28,740 --> 00:09:31,300
447
+ something to your proposition for example
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:31,300 --> 00:09:35,470
451
+ certainly maynecessarily, perhaps, likely,
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:36,190 --> 00:09:40,670
455
+ probably, undoubtedly, unquestionably,
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:40,790 --> 00:09:44,090
459
+ indisputably and so on. So these are also helpful
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:44,090 --> 00:09:48,310
463
+ adverbs that you can actually use to attach
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:48,310 --> 00:09:52,030
467
+ certain degree of certainty to your propositionูˆ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:52,030 --> 00:09:58,870
471
+ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ู†ุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุนุงู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ู‡ู…ุชู‡ู…ุŒ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:58,870 --> 00:10:03,250
475
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‡ู…
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:03,250 --> 00:10:08,070
479
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ููŠ ุบุฒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:08,070 --> 00:10:13,050
483
+ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ุชุณุจุจ ุฃูุนุงู„ ู…ุญุฑู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:13,050 --> 00:10:20,640
487
+ ู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‡ู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงsecond,
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:20,980 --> 00:10:26,240
491
+ initially, essentially, primarily and finally and
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:28,880
495
+ so on. So we should actually use some of these and
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:32,020
499
+ some of these and of course transitions indicating
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:32,020 --> 00:10:35,460
503
+ cause and effect in order to make our writing look
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:35,460 --> 00:10:38,740
507
+ more sophisticated and more interesting.
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:45,200
511
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงู†ุณูŠุดุŸ ู†ูุนู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ุงุช ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:48,840
515
+ ู„ุชุฑุงู†ุณูŠุด ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุงุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู†ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:48,840 --> 00:10:52,900
519
+ ุณุฃุชูˆู‚ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฏุงูุฆุฉ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:53,750 --> 00:10:58,430
523
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุบุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุจุŒ ุณุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุบุทูŠุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:58,430 --> 00:11:06,130
527
+ ู‚ู…ุนู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุชุฑ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุŒ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:06,130 --> 00:11:11,370
531
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุชุฑ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณูŠู…ูŠูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ูƒู…ุง ุณุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุบุทูŠุฉ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:11,370 --> 00:11:16,620
535
+ ู‚ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ู‚ู…ุน ู‚ู…ุน ู‚ู…ุน ู‚ู…ุน ู‚ู…ุน ู‚ู…ุน ู‚ู…ุน ู‚ู…ุนas a
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:16,620 --> 00:11:21,020
539
+ result okay the schools were closed or the schools
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:21,020 --> 00:11:25,380
543
+ were closed because the school had the down so
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:25,380 --> 00:11:27,800
547
+ it's it's rather clear let's just very quickly
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:33,160
551
+ complete these two sentences he saw starving
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:37,980
555
+ children he had therefore okay so you can use
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:37,980 --> 00:11:41,920
559
+ therefore subsequently or as a result
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:47,380 --> 00:11:54,700
563
+ the second one he helped because he's
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:54,700 --> 00:11:58,740
567
+ so starving that's it all right okay now let's
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:58,740 --> 00:12:03,480
571
+ just choose the correct answer from this one okay
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:08,100
575
+ janet got home late is it therefore since because
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:08,100 --> 00:12:14,530
579
+ of or due to she missed her evening tv programwhat
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:14,530 --> 00:12:16,910
583
+ is the correct transition in this case?
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:19,450 --> 00:12:34,090
587
+ yes please therefore ุฌุงู„ุณ ุฌุงู„ุณ ุฌุงู„ุณ ุฌุงู„ุณ ุฌุงู„ุณ ุฌุงู„ุณ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:36,340 --> 00:12:44,260
591
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆู‚ุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌูŠุฏุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจ ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุณุจุจ .. ู„ูŠุณ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:44,260 --> 00:12:50,740
595
+ ุจุณุจุจุŒ ู…ุนุฐุฑุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ. ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจ ูˆ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:50,740 --> 00:12:57,200
599
+ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุณุจุจ ุฃูˆ ุจุณุจุจwe
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:57,200 --> 00:13:01,680
603
+ have to have a phrase or a noun but a sentence not
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:01,680 --> 00:13:04,000
607
+ a clause not a sentence okay so it has to be
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:04,000 --> 00:13:06,980
611
+ sincere it has the meaning of because all right
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:06,980 --> 00:13:10,980
615
+ very good number three since tomorrow is a holiday
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:10,980 --> 00:13:16,180
619
+ have to go to work so we don't have to go to work
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:16,180 --> 00:13:19,660
623
+ we don't have to go to work as a result we don'tI
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:19,660 --> 00:13:22,660
627
+ have to go to work thus we don't have to go to
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:22,660 --> 00:13:26,700
631
+ work just
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:26,700 --> 00:13:29,900
635
+ look at the sentence and see what sort of
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:36,940
639
+ transition can we actually use here and
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:36,940 --> 00:13:38,420
643
+ also notice the punctuation
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:42,210 --> 00:13:47,150
647
+ so we don't have to go to work I actually do not
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:47,150 --> 00:13:49,850
651
+ agree why is that because we cannot use two
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:49,850 --> 00:13:52,490
655
+ transitions in one sentence we have sense already
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:52,490 --> 00:13:56,810
659
+ so the correct one is we don't have to go to work
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:56,810 --> 00:14:02,040
663
+ tomorrow okay all right so it has to be BWhy C is
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:02,040 --> 00:14:06,300
667
+ not correct? Because our punctuation is not
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:06,300 --> 00:14:08,580
671
+ correct. We cannot use a comma, we have to use a
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:08,580 --> 00:14:11,280
675
+ semicolon as a result comma, not a comma as a
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:15,200
679
+ result comma. So the second one is the correct
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:15,200 --> 00:14:20,200
683
+ one. ูŠูˆุณู went back to Saudi Arabia and he needed
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:22,440
687
+ to take care of some business because he needed to
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:25,740
691
+ take some care of his business and which he needed
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:25,740 --> 00:14:27,020
695
+ or because he need.
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:37,190 --> 00:14:41,690
699
+ it has to be B very nice very nice it has to be B
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:41,690 --> 00:14:45,230
703
+ because he needed to take care of some of his own
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:45,230 --> 00:14:48,490
707
+ business in his company okay so Yousef went back
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:48,490 --> 00:14:51,170
711
+ to Saudi Arabia because he needed to take care of
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,170 --> 00:14:55,430
715
+ some business in his company all right number five
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:55,430 --> 00:15:00,510
719
+ a negotiator he is going to change the bait he is
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:00,510 --> 00:15:01,630
723
+ using
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:05,140 --> 00:15:08,600
727
+ and check the grammar here I'm just giving you a
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:10,800
731
+ clue check the grammar
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:22,220 --> 00:15:27,600
735
+ ู‡ูˆ BุŸ ู„ูŠุณ CุŸ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:30,720
739
+ ู„ุงุฒู…
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:35,440
743
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† C ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† C ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† CุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ present
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:39,980
747
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ present
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:39,980 --> 00:15:43,640
751
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ present
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:43,640 --> 00:15:45,660
755
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ present
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:45,660 --> 00:15:46,060
759
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:46,060 --> 00:15:46,680
763
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:46,880
767
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:46,880
771
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:46,980
775
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:46,980 --> 00:15:47,040
779
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:47,060
783
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:47,060 --> 00:15:47,260
787
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:47,260
791
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:47,260
795
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ present perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:47,260
799
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:47,260
803
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:47,260
807
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:47,260
811
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:47,260
815
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:47,260 --> 00:15:48,860
819
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present perfect ู„ูŠุณ the present
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:48,860 --> 00:15:55,020
823
+ perfect ู„ูŠุณุฎุงุตุฉ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ C ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ C ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:55,020 --> 00:15:58,360
827
+ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:58,360 --> 00:15:58,360
831
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:58,360 --> 00:15:58,360
835
+ ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:58,360 --> 00:15:58,380
839
+ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:58,380 --> 00:15:58,940
843
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:58,940 --> 00:15:58,940
847
+ ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:58,940 --> 00:16:19,140
851
+ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:19,140 --> 00:16:19,140
855
+ ู„ู…
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:24,620 --> 00:16:33,800
859
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงุดุชุบู„ ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:34,410 --> 00:16:42,090
863
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูŠุณ C ูˆู„ุง D ูˆู„ุง AุŒ ู„ูŠุณ BุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง A. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:42,090 --> 00:16:50,050
867
+ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชู†ุฒู„ุŒ ูุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู†ุฒู„ ุฃูˆ ุชู†ุฒู„ุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:50,050 --> 00:16:54,810
871
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:54,810 --> 00:16:58,070
875
+ ุชู†ุฒู„. ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุจุฏุฃุชุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:58,070 --> 00:17:02,720
879
+ ุชุจุฏุฃุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ู„ุง ูŠู†ุงุณุจ ู‡ู†ุง.ูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:02,720 --> 00:17:06,200
883
+ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดูŠุก ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฃู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุชู†ุฒู„ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:13,580
887
+ ูƒู„ู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:13,580 --> 00:17:13,920
891
+ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:13,920 --> 00:17:14,060
895
+ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:14,060 --> 00:17:16,440
899
+ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:16,440 --> 00:17:28,760
903
+ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ ุชุตูŠุจุŒ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:31,740
907
+ ุชุต
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:32,310 --> 00:17:35,210
911
+ and this time I'd like you to complete each one of
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:35,210 --> 00:17:40,430
915
+ these sentences on yes using a cause or an effect
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:40,430 --> 00:17:44,510
919
+ and you should use a transition here because due
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:44,510 --> 00:17:49,010
923
+ to because of that therefore and so and so on
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:57,760
927
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ุŸ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:21:18,770 --> 00:21:22,090
931
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูุนู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ู†ุญู† ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:21:22,090 --> 00:21:25,810
935
+ ุฅูŠุชุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุดุนุฑู†ุง ู…ุบู„ู‚ูŠู†. ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุดุนุฑู†ุง ู…ุบู„ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:21:25,810 --> 00:21:30,870
939
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุชุฑ ูƒุงู† ู…ุบู„ู‚ูŠู†. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุชุฑ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:21:30,870 --> 00:21:36,190
943
+ ูƒุงู† ู…ุบู„ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ุบู„ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† .. ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:21:36,190 --> 00:21:42,230
947
+ ุดุนุฑู†ุง ู…ุบู„ู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:21:42,230 --> 00:21:48,700
951
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุฎู„ุต ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ุฌุณู…ุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒุŒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠyes
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:21:48,700 --> 00:21:53,180
955
+ please my leg
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:21:53,180 --> 00:21:59,640
959
+ was broken when I
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:10,180
963
+ fell off my bike because I had a few bruises when
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:22:10,180 --> 00:22:15,520
967
+ I fell off my bike because I had a few bruises
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:15,820
971
+ when I fell off my bike because I had a few
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:22:15,820 --> 00:22:15,980
975
+ bruises when I fell off my bike because I had a
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:22:15,980 --> 00:22:16,060
979
+ few bruises when I fell off my bike because I had
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:22:16,060 --> 00:22:17,220
983
+ a few bruises when I fell off my bike because I
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:22:17,220 --> 00:22:22,420
987
+ had a few bruises in our timelineI succeeded in
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:22:22,420 --> 00:22:27,020
991
+ your life. All rightุŸ Is there another answerุŸ Yes
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:22:27,020 --> 00:22:32,520
995
+ please. Very good. I .. I got very good grades. I
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:22:32,520 --> 00:22:35,500
999
+ did well. Very nice. Because I helped my mother I
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:22:35,500 --> 00:22:36,420
1003
+ felt happy.
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:22:44,340 --> 00:22:48,900
1007
+ I was very pleased with this okay number four it
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:22:48,900 --> 00:22:51,620
1011
+ was a very cold day yesterday all right yes please
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:22:51,620 --> 00:22:59,860
1015
+ yes yes go ahead please I put on my coat because
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:22:59,860 --> 00:23:08,180
1019
+ it was very cold yesterday yes we had okay we took
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:23:08,180 --> 00:23:09,720
1023
+ the day
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:17,220
1027
+ Okay because yes don't forget the transition
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:23:17,220 --> 00:23:22,560
1031
+ because it was a very cold day yesterday okay
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:23:22,560 --> 00:23:29,140
1035
+ number five ู‡ู†ุง spilled some milk on the floor yes
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:23:29,140 --> 00:23:33,900
1039
+ please consequently or as a result and therefore
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:23:33,900 --> 00:23:35,260
1043
+ she had
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:23:41,470 --> 00:23:47,830
1047
+ She had to clean it. She had to clean clean it up.
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:23:48,250 --> 00:23:51,870
1051
+ Okay? All right. Just two more minutes just to
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:23:51,870 --> 00:23:54,470
1055
+ continue the remaining sentences.
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:24:05,150 --> 00:24:06,110
1059
+ Yes please.
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:29,060 --> 00:25:30,860
1063
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:57,440 --> 00:26:01,380
1067
+ ุญุณู†ุง ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุช. ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู†ุนู… ุฃุฑุฌูˆูƒ. ูƒุงู†ุช
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:26:01,380 --> 00:26:04,460
1071
+ ู…ุฑุชุงุญุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:04,460 --> 00:26:08,900
1075
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„. ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:08,900 --> 00:26:13,560
1079
+ ุชู†ุงู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ุชู†ุงู…. ู„ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฑุชุงุญุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:13,560 --> 00:26:22,420
1083
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:26:22,420 --> 00:26:29,530
1087
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„. ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก. ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„.ู†ู…ุจุฑ ุณุชุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:29,530 --> 00:26:32,450
1091
+ ุฃู†ุง ู†ุณูŠุช ุฃู† ุฃุชูŠ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚.
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:33,310 --> 00:26:38,370
1095
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:38,370 --> 00:26:41,450
1099
+ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:26:41,450 --> 00:26:42,090
1103
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู….
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:46,530 --> 00:26:52,570
1107
+ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:26:52,570 --> 00:27:00,770
1111
+ ู…ู‡ู….I don't forgot to come to class today because
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:27:00,770 --> 00:27:05,970
1115
+ he just didn't
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:27:05,970 --> 00:27:16,290
1119
+ notice the time okay all right let's see number
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:27:16,290 --> 00:27:22,060
1123
+ eightour teacher was surprised because of our
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:27:22,060 --> 00:27:25,020
1127
+ marks in the exam
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:27:28,470 --> 00:27:34,050
1131
+ going up not going down okay yes please okay okay
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:27:34,050 --> 00:27:36,390
1135
+ that means that your grades were not really good
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:27:36,390 --> 00:27:39,910
1139
+ all right our teacher was surprised because yes or
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:27:39,910 --> 00:27:43,090
1143
+ since their school was won a challenge say again
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:27:43,090 --> 00:27:46,170
1147
+ please our teacher was surprised since their
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:27:46,170 --> 00:27:49,250
1151
+ school was won a challenge okay very nice very
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:27:49,250 --> 00:27:51,630
1155
+ nice okay we can say our teacher was surprised
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:27:51,630 --> 00:28:03,670
1159
+ becausewe all got A's in our midterm exam A's
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:28:03,670 --> 00:28:06,810
1163
+ means like excellent degrees because we all got
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:28:06,810 --> 00:28:09,510
1167
+ A's in our midterm exam
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:28:14,150 --> 00:28:17,910
1171
+ because they lost the game and the football team
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:28:17,910 --> 00:28:23,830
1175
+ was angry because the match was delayed or
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:28:23,830 --> 00:28:25,550
1179
+ postponed by the football team
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:28:35,430 --> 00:28:39,410
1183
+ they were .. the football team was very angry and
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:28:39,410 --> 00:28:43,610
1187
+ finally when the cat is away this is not a proverb
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:28:43,610 --> 00:28:47,930
1191
+ .. a proverb that the mice will play .. the mice
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:28:47,930 --> 00:28:56,390
1195
+ will play the mice will play okay when the cat is
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:28:56,390 --> 00:28:59,830
1199
+ away the mice will play okay so this is like a
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:28:59,830 --> 00:29:06,260
1203
+ proverb ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ okaySo if
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:06,260 --> 00:29:10,600
1207
+ you're looking at a good example of a cause and
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:13,960
1211
+ effect paragraph, let's just consider this
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:29:13,960 --> 00:29:18,420
1215
+ paragraph and see how we can actually use causes
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:29:18,420 --> 00:29:21,760
1219
+ and effects in writing a good
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:29:24,770 --> 00:29:29,850
1223
+ ุจุงุฑูŠุฌุงูุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฌุนู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:29:29,850 --> 00:29:35,570
1227
+ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุฉ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ุจุตุญุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ุญุชู‰ ูˆุฅู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:29:35,570 --> 00:29:41,310
1231
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ ูู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:29:41,310 --> 00:29:46,870
1235
+ ูุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ุจุตุญุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ูู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:29:46,870 --> 00:29:53,100
1239
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃูˆู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฑูˆ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:29:53,100 --> 00:29:57,540
1243
+ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฑุฑ ูŠุดุฑุจ ุงู„ุณูŠุฌุงุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู†
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:29:57,540 --> 00:30:02,980
1247
+ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:02,980 --> 00:30:03,640
1251
+ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:06,140
1255
+ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู…ุฑู‡
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:30:06,140 --> 00:30:06,920
1259
+ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:30:06,920 --> 00:30:07,640
1263
+ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:10,240
1267
+ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡ ู…ุฑู‡
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:24,740
1271
+ At the local gym and on sunny days he prefers to
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:30:24,740 --> 00:30:29,380
1275
+ walk home rather than takeSo we see here a
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:30:29,380 --> 00:30:32,960
1279
+ conclusion my father is in better shape than some
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:30:32,960 --> 00:30:36,660
1283
+ of his students some of his children So we see
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:30:36,660 --> 00:30:40,600
1287
+ this is a good model paragraphs or how to write a
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:43,300
1291
+ cause and effect paragraph you can discuss the
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:43,300 --> 00:30:46,700
1295
+ causes or you can discuss the results and make
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:46,700 --> 00:30:50,620
1299
+ sure that you provide exams you can read it later
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:30:50,620 --> 00:30:55,810
1303
+ on but let's go back and focus on howwe can
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:30:55,810 --> 00:30:59,110
1307
+ actually use as a result there and therefore and
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:30:59,110 --> 00:31:02,410
1311
+ consequently there are two ways two easy ways that
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:31:02,410 --> 00:31:04,790
1315
+ we can actually use them just notice the
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:31:04,790 --> 00:31:07,750
1319
+ punctuation and how we use them I finally decided
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:31:07,750 --> 00:31:12,610
1323
+ to tell my parents full stop as a result because
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:31:12,610 --> 00:31:19,530
1327
+ they made sure she ateall her meals and I finally
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:31:19,530 --> 00:31:24,530
1331
+ decided to tell her parents what is here ูƒู…ุง and
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:31:24,530 --> 00:31:29,970
1335
+ as a result okay so ูƒู…ุง and as a result they made
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:31:29,970 --> 00:31:35,510
1339
+ sure she ate all her meals also the same thing
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:31:35,510 --> 00:31:37,350
1343
+ applies to consequently and how we use
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:31:37,350 --> 00:31:40,550
1347
+ consequently here my friend thought she was fat
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:31:40,550 --> 00:31:45,890
1351
+ for a start consequently ูƒู…ุงshe wouldn't eat any
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:45,890 --> 00:31:48,610
1355
+ food or we can say my friend thought she was fat
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:48,610 --> 00:31:53,550
1359
+ ูƒู…ุง and consequently she wouldn't eat any food and
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:53,550 --> 00:31:57,410
1363
+ the third thing therefore or we can say and
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:57,410 --> 00:32:02,250
1367
+ therefore okay all right okay let's do this
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:32:02,250 --> 00:32:06,730
1371
+ activity using as a result or consequently or
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:32:06,730 --> 00:32:10,050
1375
+ therefore with these sentences let's do one the
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:32:10,050 --> 00:32:14,120
1379
+ first one togethermy parents needed help in their
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:18,560
1383
+ restaurant. I moved back home and worked for them.
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:32:18,720 --> 00:32:26,400
1387
+ therefore you can say therefore ูƒู†ุง or
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:32:26,400 --> 00:32:35,240
1391
+ you can say ูƒู†ุง and therefore they were not going
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:32:35,240 --> 00:32:37,360
1395
+ but there is no ูƒู†ุง after therefore here in the
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:32:37,360 --> 00:32:40,660
1399
+ second case okay a second one cars are very
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:40,660 --> 00:32:45,590
1403
+ convenientFor a start, consequently, is that
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:32:45,590 --> 00:32:52,050
1407
+ right? Yes, for a start, consequently, or or or or
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:52,050 --> 00:32:53,610
1411
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:53,610 --> 00:32:54,350
1415
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:54,350 --> 00:32:59,610
1419
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:59,610 --> 00:32:59,630
1423
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:59,630 --> 00:33:00,110
1427
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:33:00,110 --> 00:33:00,610
1431
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:33:00,610 --> 00:33:00,610
1435
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:33:00,610 --> 00:33:00,610
1439
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:33:00,610 --> 00:33:00,610
1443
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:33:00,610 --> 00:33:00,610
1447
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:00,610 --> 00:33:00,610
1451
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:00,610 --> 00:33:04,010
1455
+ or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or or
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:05,310 --> 00:33:09,150
1459
+ to go over the rest of the sentences and use as a
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:09,150 --> 00:33:13,230
1463
+ result therefore or consequently or the other case
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:13,230 --> 00:33:15,130
1467
+ of and therefore and consequently
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:53,620 --> 00:33:55,240
1471
+ my parents wanted me to help her because my
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:55,240 --> 00:34:02,580
1475
+ parents wanted me
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:34:02,580 --> 00:34:04,300
1479
+ to help her because my parents wanted me to help
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:04,300 --> 00:34:08,660
1483
+ her because my
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:08,660 --> 00:34:17,840
1487
+ parents wanted me to help her
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:18,510 --> 00:34:20,270
1491
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:20,270 --> 00:34:20,590
1495
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:20,590 --> 00:34:29,570
1499
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:29,570 --> 00:34:30,910
1503
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:30,910 --> 00:34:31,030
1507
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:31,030 --> 00:34:31,470
1511
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:31,470 --> 00:34:31,470
1515
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:31,470 --> 00:34:32,210
1519
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:32,210 --> 00:34:34,730
1523
+ ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง .. ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:34:34,730 --> 00:34:44,870
1527
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ..
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:34:44,870 --> 00:34:50,640
1531
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ..I didn't go to college right away yes
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:34:50,640 --> 00:34:54,120
1535
+ please yes
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:34:54,120 --> 00:34:57,720
1539
+ please right please and and therefore I wanted to
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:34:57,720 --> 00:35:05,240
1543
+ travel for life very nice and therefore I
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:05,240 --> 00:35:07,580
1547
+ wanted to blah blah blah blah yes please number
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:07,580 --> 00:35:10,480
1551
+ five our school didn't have a lot of money as a
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:10,480 --> 00:35:12,920
1555
+ result the administration decided to cancel some
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:19,620
1559
+ offers very nice as a result as a resultand number
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:35:19,620 --> 00:35:23,680
1563
+ six my friends complained that it was difficult to
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:35:23,680 --> 00:35:26,300
1567
+ communicate with me consequently, consequently,
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:35:27,740 --> 00:35:32,440
1571
+ consequently and consequently
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:35:37,060 --> 00:35:41,200
1575
+ I've bought a cell phone okay alright so just I'm
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:35:41,200 --> 00:35:43,600
1579
+ just getting you into the habit of using these
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:45,940
1583
+ transitions because these are very important in
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:35:45,940 --> 00:35:49,220
1587
+ this kind of writing because you are building a
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:35:49,220 --> 00:35:51,860
1591
+ causal relationship between two propositions
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:35:51,860 --> 00:35:54,640
1595
+ between two statements so it's very important to
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:35:54,640 --> 00:35:57,820
1599
+ keep this in mind using because as a result
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:35:57,820 --> 00:36:00,780
1603
+ consequently therefore and you have to use them
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:36:00,780 --> 00:36:02,700
1607
+ variously okay
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:36:05,520 --> 00:36:12,180
1611
+ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ุฒู„ ู„ูƒ
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:36:12,180 --> 00:36:15,740
1615
+ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุญุณู†ุง ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:36:15,740 --> 00:36:19,520
1619
+ ุฃู† ูŠุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุตุฏุงู‚ุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุชู†ุชู‡ูŠุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:36:19,520 --> 00:36:23,640
1623
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:28,800
1627
+ ูˆ ูŠุตู†ุนูˆุง ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:36:28,800 --> 00:36:30,260
1631
+ ู…ุบู„ู‚
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:36:32,720 --> 00:36:37,160
1635
+ busy schedules can cause friendships to end for
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:36:37,160 --> 00:36:40,700
1639
+ example it is hard to spend time with a friend if
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:36:40,700 --> 00:36:45,720
1643
+ you or if one is busy with university with work
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:45,720 --> 00:36:48,740
1647
+ and other responsibilities what I'd like you to do
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:48,740 --> 00:36:55,180
1651
+ is to complete with a third course ofthe failure
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:55,180 --> 00:36:58,980
1655
+ or the breakup in or the ending in friendships
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:58,980 --> 00:37:03,080
1659
+ between two people okay all right all right let's
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:37:03,080 --> 00:37:05,420
1663
+ just spend two or three minutes trying to think
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:37:05,420 --> 00:37:08,860
1667
+ about a third cause for why a friendship then goes
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:37:08,860 --> 00:37:11,680
1671
+ and give me one example of this all right let's do
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:13,420
1675
+ it now yes please
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:37:34,910 --> 00:37:37,570
1679
+ ู…ุงุนูŠ ุงู‚ู†ุนู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ุจู†ุญุฑู‚ู‡
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:38:04,310 --> 00:38:13,510
1683
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฎู„ู‚ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุทู„ุน ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:38:13,510 --> 00:38:18,230
1687
+ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:38:18,230 --> 00:38:20,190
1691
+ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:38:20,190 --> 00:38:20,770
1695
+ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:38:20,770 --> 00:38:24,190
1699
+ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:38:24,190 --> 00:38:28,790
1703
+ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:38:28,790 --> 00:38:30,670
1707
+ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:38:30,670 --> 00:38:31,910
1711
+ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ ุชุญุช ุดู…ุงู„ูƒ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:38:41,490 --> 00:38:45,030
1715
+ ุณูˆู ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ูˆ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู…
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:38:45,030 --> 00:38:48,790
1719
+ ุจุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑู‡ุง ูƒุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู† ุชูุนู„ู‡ุง ูƒุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ุฒู„ ููŠ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:38:48,790 --> 00:38:52,090
1723
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉุŒ ุดูƒุฑุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ุง ูˆ ุฃุฑุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
1724
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/NJlG1-XQOFw_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:22,840
3
+ All right ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… good morning how are you
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:25,500
7
+ today? fine very good very good all right we'll
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,500 --> 00:00:29,200
11
+ start today with some revision of what the things
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,200 --> 00:00:31,660
15
+ that we've studied so far throughout this course
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:31,660 --> 00:00:36,220
19
+ and today we'll focus on some sentence problems
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:36,220 --> 00:00:39,500
23
+ that I would like you to pay attention to this is
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:39,500 --> 00:00:42,600
27
+ a kind of feedback that I'd like to give you on
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,600 --> 00:00:45,770
31
+ some of your writing problems that I've seenin ..
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:45,770 --> 00:00:48,250
35
+ in .. in your writings and also to highlight some
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:50,530
39
+ issues that you need to pay attention to whenever
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:50,530 --> 00:00:54,750
43
+ you are writing your paragraphs these issues
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:54,750 --> 00:00:58,350
47
+ related to sentence problems for example subject
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:58,350 --> 00:01:02,230
51
+ verb agreement noun pronoun agreement issues that
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,230 --> 00:01:05,070
55
+ have to do with punctuation such as using commas
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,070 --> 00:01:07,970
59
+ such as using colons and so on so it's gonna be a
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:07,970 --> 00:01:12,970
63
+ lot of practice today trying to cast light on some
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:12,970 --> 00:01:15,520
67
+ of the issues that you need to pay attention toSo
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:19,180
71
+ let's look at the first example .. at the first
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:19,180 --> 00:01:22,660
75
+ sentence here in this slide and let's identify the
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:22,660 --> 00:01:25,300
79
+ problem or problems that you can see in this
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:25,300 --> 00:01:28,360
83
+ example Let's see All over the country people sell
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:31,600
87
+ products over the internet, these people are
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:35,400
91
+ making impressive profits Do you see any problems
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:41,330
95
+ here? Do you see any problems here?just read it ..
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:41,330 --> 00:01:43,190
99
+ just read it .. this is a kind of sort of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:43,190 --> 00:01:46,430
103
+ reflecting on some of your writings and trying to
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:49,810
107
+ identify and locate some of the issues that you
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:49,810 --> 00:01:52,830
111
+ need to pay attention to all rightุŸ all over the
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:01:52,830 --> 00:01:55,350
115
+ country people sell products over the internet,
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:01:55,910 --> 00:01:58,610
119
+ these people are making impressive gains or
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:01:58,610 --> 00:02:00,190
123
+ impressive profits
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:03,220 --> 00:02:06,320
127
+ Okay so all .. so we have to use a capital letter
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:08,480
131
+ just remember this and this is one of the
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:11,580
135
+ capitalization rules at the society we need to
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:11,580 --> 00:02:14,800
139
+ start a sentence with a capital letter
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:23,150 --> 00:02:27,130
143
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุง ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:27,130 --> 00:02:27,430
147
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:27,430 --> 00:02:28,730
151
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:28,730 --> 00:02:30,290
155
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:30,290 --> 00:02:32,310
159
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:34,010
163
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:34,010 --> 00:02:39,070
167
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:39,070 --> 00:02:42,390
171
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:48,970 --> 00:02:52,810
175
+ ูุงูƒุชุดู ูƒู…ุงู† with a full stop and start a new
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:02:52,810 --> 00:02:55,690
179
+ sentence okay there is another way which is a
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:02:55,690 --> 00:03:00,710
183
+ comma and or so or yet or but whatever or just
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:00,710 --> 00:03:05,750
187
+ adding a coordinator or a fanboy connected okay so
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:05,750 --> 00:03:07,750
191
+ all over the country people say put that over the
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:07,750 --> 00:03:11,040
195
+ internet full stopwe finish the idea, we finish
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:14,020
199
+ the sentence these people are making impressive
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:14,020 --> 00:03:19,420
203
+ profits I could also use akuma here it's an
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:19,420 --> 00:03:21,740
207
+ introductory phrase that we said all over the
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:21,740 --> 00:03:26,440
211
+ country people are or people sell products over
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:30,240
215
+ the internet okay let's see the second example and
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:33,580
219
+ identify any problems here in this second example
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:33,580 --> 00:03:35,400
223
+ and then I'll give you a chance to go over the
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:40,120
227
+ remaining sentencesFinally, Facebook help you to
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:44,320
231
+ find people who lost communicator with them. Yes
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:51,940
235
+ please. Okay so finally, capital letter. Facebook
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:03:51,940 --> 00:03:57,320
239
+ it's a spelling problem. And Facebook has to be
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:03:57,320 --> 00:03:59,920
243
+ capital letter as well. So Facebook.
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:03,570 --> 00:04:07,230
247
+ Helps helps so what we see here is a subject-verb
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:07,230 --> 00:04:09,570
251
+ agreement problem and this is very common almost
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:09,570 --> 00:04:12,350
255
+ sixty percent of your mistakes relate to subject
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:16,030
259
+ -verb agreement problem okay so finally facebook
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:16,030 --> 00:04:19,050
263
+ helps you to find people who must communicate with
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:19,050 --> 00:04:23,540
267
+ you is there a problem here?ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:23,540 --> 00:04:26,980
271
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:26,980 --> 00:04:33,840
275
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ูุนู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:42,720
279
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูƒูŠู ู†ุนูŠุฏู‡ุงุŸ ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนูƒุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:47,780
283
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏุช ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„. ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุฃู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:47,780 --> 00:04:52,010
287
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏูƒ ููŠ Facebook ูŠุณุงุนุฏูƒto find people
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:52,010 --> 00:04:57,230
291
+ who you lost communication with
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:01,350 --> 00:05:04,350
295
+ as simple as that whom you lost communication or
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:04,350 --> 00:05:07,690
299
+ whom you lost communication with now it is
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:07,690 --> 00:05:10,030
303
+ grammatically correct we have a relative clause
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:10,030 --> 00:05:12,790
307
+ and we have a clear structure whom you lost
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:12,790 --> 00:05:16,230
311
+ communication or who you lost communication with
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:16,230 --> 00:05:19,190
315
+ all right fine now i'll just give you a couple of
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:19,190 --> 00:05:21,210
319
+ minutes to look at the remaining three sentences
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:21,210 --> 00:05:24,690
323
+ here in this slide and try to locate any problems
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:24,690 --> 00:05:28,630
327
+ that you see in these three sentences yes please
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:28,630 --> 00:05:31,030
331
+ and of course you can take some notes
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:14,020
335
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:54,280 --> 00:06:57,460
339
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุง ุŸ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:03,660 --> 00:07:07,240
343
+ All right let's see number three my friend Larry
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:07,240 --> 00:07:10,460
347
+ has a bad habit he never on time for or to
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:10,460 --> 00:07:13,620
351
+ anything arrives ten minutes late everywhere
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:13,620 --> 00:07:16,680
355
+ clearly there are some problems here the first
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:21,560
359
+ problem is yes please okay so there is a missing
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:27,850
363
+ verb okay he is never so we need a verb hereSo he
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:27,850 --> 00:07:30,930
367
+ is never on time to anything. He arrives ten
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:30,930 --> 00:07:34,530
371
+ minutes later. He arrives ten minutes later. Here
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:34,530 --> 00:07:42,190
375
+ what we see is a missing subject. He arrives ten
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:42,190 --> 00:07:47,250
379
+ minutes later than everywhere. And what we see
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,250 --> 00:07:50,230
383
+ here is three simple very short sentences. We can
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:52,590
387
+ actually combine them but this is a different
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:52,590 --> 00:07:55,450
391
+ story. We'll talk about it later.So the problem
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:55,450 --> 00:07:59,270
395
+ here is there is a missing verb and there is a
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:59,270 --> 00:08:01,810
399
+ missing subject and this is something that we need
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:01,810 --> 00:08:05,290
403
+ to avoid All right number four Gaza streets have a
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:05,290 --> 00:08:09,410
407
+ big traffic problems that make the street more
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:09,410 --> 00:08:13,710
411
+ dangerous Clearly there is a problem clear problem
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:13,710 --> 00:08:18,390
415
+ here which is Gaza has to be capital letter
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:18,390 --> 00:08:22,790
419
+ capital S beginning with a sentence yesOkay this
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:22,790 --> 00:08:25,810
423
+ is also another common problem I see which is
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:25,810 --> 00:08:29,030
427
+ confusing
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:29,030 --> 00:08:33,270
431
+ plural with singular nouns and verbs and pronouns
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:33,270 --> 00:08:35,750
435
+ and so on so this is something we talked about
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:35,750 --> 00:08:39,690
439
+ it's number agreements okay a big traffic problem
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:39,690 --> 00:08:44,790
443
+ big traffic problems one problem some problems and
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:45,810
447
+ so on
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:51,410 --> 00:09:00,350
451
+ we don't need
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:00,350 --> 00:09:03,870
455
+ a comma before that just remember this we don't
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:03,870 --> 00:09:07,010
459
+ need or we don't put a comma before that that
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:07,010 --> 00:09:09,850
463
+ doesn't take commas in terms of punctuation it
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:09,850 --> 00:09:12,830
467
+ does not take any comma before or after it
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:12,830 --> 00:09:17,390
471
+ immediately that make the street or make the
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:22,130
475
+ streetsthe streets okay that make the streets more
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:22,130 --> 00:09:26,370
479
+ dangerous okay so if we can say number four
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:26,370 --> 00:09:29,210
483
+ problem number four is something we just said
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:29,210 --> 00:09:35,970
487
+ number agreement number agreement is very common
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:35,970 --> 00:09:40,130
491
+ so we need to avoid it number agreement this is a
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:40,130 --> 00:09:43,830
495
+ very common problem you see number five number
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:43,830 --> 00:09:48,550
499
+ fivein concluding the government must work hard to
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:48,550 --> 00:09:53,450
503
+ solve these problems yes and yes please in
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:53,450 --> 00:09:57,410
507
+ concluding comma you must work okay so in
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:57,410 --> 00:10:01,850
511
+ concluding ุจู‚ู‰ again yes we need a comma here ุจู‚ู‰
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:01,850 --> 00:10:04,470
515
+ can we say in concluding or in conclusion in
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:07,990
519
+ conclusion in conclusion so this is another a
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:07,990 --> 00:10:11,030
523
+ problem in forming the word correctly with the
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:11,030 --> 00:10:17,700
527
+ transition so in conclusionin conclusion or to
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:17,700 --> 00:10:21,820
531
+ conclude to conclude or in conclusionุŒ remember
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:21,820 --> 00:10:26,540
535
+ thisุŒ I've seen quite a few mistakes in this the
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:26,540 --> 00:10:30,120
539
+ government must
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:30,120 --> 00:10:37,160
543
+ work hard to solve this problem, this problem or
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:41,860
547
+ this problemagain the number agreement is very
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:41,860 --> 00:10:45,740
551
+ important to pay attention to whenever you are
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:45,740 --> 00:10:49,260
555
+ writing so we can add the number four number five
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:49,260 --> 00:10:58,400
559
+ avoid missing verbs and or subjects
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:03,860 --> 00:11:07,180
563
+ make sure that every sentence has a subject, has a
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:07,180 --> 00:11:11,680
567
+ clear subject and clear verbs ุฏูŠ continue with the
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:11,680 --> 00:11:15,300
571
+ remaining sentences and again the idea here is to
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:19,680
575
+ identify the problems that you actually see here
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:19,680 --> 00:11:22,780
579
+ in these examples of your writings
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:50,870 --> 00:11:53,270
583
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:35,150 --> 00:12:45,730
587
+ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู„ู‰
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:45,730 --> 00:12:57,190
591
+ ุฑู‚ู…
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:58,050
595
+ 6
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:00,770 --> 00:13:07,870
599
+ Okay, so we see here is a missing. There are some
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:07,870 --> 00:13:11,030
603
+ negative effects of unemployment on society. Full
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:11,030 --> 00:13:15,050
607
+ stop. Yes. No, I just stopped here because the
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:15,050 --> 00:13:18,670
611
+ idea is complete. So, I have to clearly demarcate
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:18,670 --> 00:13:21,990
615
+ the sentence. So, end of the sentence, full stop.
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:22,110 --> 00:13:25,310
619
+ All right. And then? Capitalize. First or fourth?
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:25,570 --> 00:13:28,310
623
+ Or? Unemployment causes unemployment.
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:33,460 --> 00:13:36,800
627
+ unemployment causes subject-verb agreement subject
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:39,560
631
+ -verb agreement unemployment causes country
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:39,560 --> 00:13:42,840
635
+ economic destruction okay so there is a problem
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:45,860
639
+ with ordering the different parts of speech
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:45,860 --> 00:13:50,880
643
+ destroying the economy of a country or the economy
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:55,720
647
+ of a country's economy or causes the destruction
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:55,720 --> 00:13:59,280
651
+ of a country's economy very nice so destroy causes
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:02,340
655
+ destruction or destroying a country's
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:08,250
659
+ economy now it is correct or the economy of a
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:08,250 --> 00:14:11,390
663
+ country or causes the destruction of a country's
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:11,390 --> 00:14:14,310
667
+ economy right let's see number seven visitors
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:14,310 --> 00:14:16,630
671
+ can't see many interesting places in Egypt full
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:16,630 --> 00:14:20,590
675
+ stop for example the pyramids we talked about this
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:20,590 --> 00:14:22,750
679
+ in one of the subjects in one of the courses
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:22,750 --> 00:14:27,790
683
+ previouslySo where is the problem here? Yes
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:27,790 --> 00:14:31,970
687
+ please. The second part. Can we actually consider
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:31,970 --> 00:14:36,210
691
+ it a sentence first? No. It is what we said a
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:36,210 --> 00:14:39,430
695
+ fragment. It's a fragment. That is to say it is
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:39,430 --> 00:14:42,190
699
+ not a complete sentence. The first sentence is
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:42,190 --> 00:14:44,350
703
+ perfect. There is nothing wrong with it. The
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:44,350 --> 00:14:47,670
707
+ problem is with the second part.the pyramids is
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:47,670 --> 00:14:51,210
711
+ this a sentenceุŸ no okay so the solution is to
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,210 --> 00:14:55,390
715
+ change it into a sentence we can say for example
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:55,390 --> 00:14:58,910
719
+ they can see the pyramids okay they can see the
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:58,910 --> 00:15:04,970
723
+ pyramids or the pyramids are one of these places
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:04,970 --> 00:15:09,880
727
+ that can be or we can see alternativelywe can just
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:09,880 --> 00:15:16,060
731
+ change ูุตู„ into a comma and now we say for example
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:16,060 --> 00:15:17,000
735
+ noun phrase
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:23,370 --> 00:15:27,110
739
+ for example the pyramids or alternatively we can
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:31,250
743
+ put for stop for example that they can see the
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:31,250 --> 00:15:34,570
747
+ pyramids okay just remember I focus too much on
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:34,570 --> 00:15:37,710
751
+ punctuation because I think punctuation is very
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:37,710 --> 00:15:41,110
755
+ much like traffic lights they tell us when to stop
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:45,010
759
+ when to pause momentarily when to go on they help
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:45,010 --> 00:15:49,390
763
+ clarify the ideas okay and the different ideas in
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:49,390 --> 00:15:54,970
767
+ in the textand for example ูƒู…ุฑ ูƒู…ุฑ yes for example
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:54,970 --> 00:15:57,950
771
+ ูƒู…ุฑ ูƒู…ุฑ all right let's see number eight yes
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:57,950 --> 00:16:03,030
775
+ second the negative effects of the pollution on
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:06,650
779
+ the environment yes all right what do you what do
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:06,650 --> 00:16:10,150
783
+ you see what problem do you see here again it is
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:14,130
787
+ very nice it is a fragment why is it a fragment it
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:14,130 --> 00:16:16,530
791
+ is not a cohesive thing where is the verb look for
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:16,530 --> 00:16:19,710
795
+ the verb there is no verb so change it into a
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:19,710 --> 00:16:25,860
799
+ sentence we can sayThere are some negative or
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:25,860 --> 00:16:29,440
803
+ there are the negative effects of pollution on the
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:32,560
807
+ environment or the negative effects of pollution
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:39,340
811
+ on the environment are harmful to
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:39,340 --> 00:16:45,630
815
+ human healthุŒ to people's healthwe .. so we change
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:45,630 --> 00:16:49,770
819
+ it into a complete sentence alrightุŸ so avoid a
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:49,770 --> 00:16:54,330
823
+ fragment this is something that also I see in some
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:54,330 --> 00:16:58,510
827
+ of your writing okayุŸ so go over the class on
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:58,510 --> 00:17:00,970
831
+ fragments and how you avoid fragments and what
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:00,970 --> 00:17:04,770
835
+ kinds of fragments that we can .. that we discuss
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:04,770 --> 00:17:08,470
839
+ and try to avoid this the last sentence here is
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:08,470 --> 00:17:13,270
843
+ university is more difficult than high schoolit
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:13,270 --> 00:17:16,250
847
+ depends on students to study hard to get marks
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:16,250 --> 00:17:22,910
851
+ again there is a problem with punctuation here is
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:22,910 --> 00:17:25,390
855
+ a problem with punctuation with another topic that
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:25,390 --> 00:17:29,710
859
+ we talked about previously university is more
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:29,710 --> 00:17:31,930
863
+ difficult than high school it depends on students
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:31,930 --> 00:17:36,290
867
+ to study hard to get marks yes please university
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:36,290 --> 00:17:40,310
871
+ clearly has to be capitalized yes after school
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:40,740 --> 00:17:44,880
875
+ after high school we had a follow stop this is
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:47,460
879
+ something that we said before it is a run on
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:47,460 --> 00:17:50,620
883
+ sentence run on sentence probably when you have
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:50,620 --> 00:17:53,640
887
+ two sentences with no punctuation between them
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:53,640 --> 00:18:00,700
891
+ then we have a run on sentence so if we list it so
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:00,700 --> 00:18:07,960
895
+ number six is avoid run on sentence error sentence
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:08,520
899
+ error
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:16,940
903
+ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:16,940 --> 00:18:25,420
907
+ ุงูุชุญ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู…ุฌุฒุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฌุฒุฑุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:25,420 --> 00:18:30,360
911
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู… ู„ุฃู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:30,360 --> 00:18:36,900
915
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูุชุญู‡ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:36,900 --> 00:18:41,440
919
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูุนู„ุชู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:41,710 --> 00:18:45,830
923
+ avoid common problems at the sentence level avoid
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:45,830 --> 00:18:49,190
927
+ subject verb agreement problems in subject verb
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:51,550
931
+ agreement make sure that you always capitalize
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:51,550 --> 00:18:54,190
935
+ where necessary especially at the beginning of
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:54,190 --> 00:18:58,390
939
+ sentences okay the third one is avoid making comma
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:58,390 --> 00:19:00,810
943
+ splice two sentences with a comma between them
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:00,810 --> 00:19:05,250
947
+ only this is wrong number agreements okay avoid
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:05,250 --> 00:19:10,330
951
+ missingevery sentence has to have a subject and a
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:10,330 --> 00:19:14,350
955
+ verb then avoid run on sentences and sentence
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:14,350 --> 00:19:19,030
959
+ fragments is this clear? because I expect you to
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:19,030 --> 00:19:22,270
963
+ really avoid these kinds of problems almost all
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:22,270 --> 00:19:23,790
967
+ the time of course yes please
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:31,650 --> 00:19:34,630
971
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุท ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:39,970
975
+ ุตูุฑุŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑุŒ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:46,950
979
+ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:46,950 --> 00:19:51,110
983
+ ุฅุฐุง ุชุฐูƒุฑุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุงุชwith comparison contrast for
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:54,970
987
+ example despite different from differ from
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:54,970 --> 00:19:58,650
991
+ similarly also like to and so on this is another
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:58,650 --> 00:20:01,310
995
+ exercise what I'd like you to do is to read the
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:01,310 --> 00:20:05,330
999
+ paragraph and complete this paragraph with a
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:05,330 --> 00:20:09,550
1003
+ suitable transitions which are difference despite
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:09,550 --> 00:20:18,000
1007
+ however different in contrast whereas also andSo
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,220
1011
+ please quickly read it and fill in the blanks with
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:24,580
1015
+ a suitable transition word or phrase
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:57,830 --> 00:21:01,170
1019
+ just remember always to .. the grammar always
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:01,170 --> 00:21:03,970
1023
+ helps you alright? so check if you need an
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:03,970 --> 00:21:09,310
1027
+ adjective here, a verb, a noun, an adverb and so
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:09,310 --> 00:21:12,070
1031
+ on .. the grammar always helps you in choosing the
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:14,370
1035
+ correct signal, the correct transition
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:36,050 --> 00:21:38,350
1039
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉุŸ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:35,370 --> 00:22:38,010
1043
+ Reading a book is always much better than watching
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:38,010 --> 00:22:42,780
1047
+ a movie based on a book.this spite .. do you agree
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:42,780 --> 00:22:45,900
1051
+ with the man that he said despite hereุŸ why is
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:45,900 --> 00:22:50,700
1055
+ thatุŸ why not however or sorry whereas or also
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:50,700 --> 00:22:55,780
1059
+ because .. remember despite is always followed by
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:55,780 --> 00:23:00,140
1063
+ a phrase, never a complete sentence okayุŸ okay so
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:00,140 --> 00:23:00,920
1067
+ despite
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:04,460 --> 00:23:09,380
1071
+ This is fine. Saying a picture is worth a thousand
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:09,380 --> 00:23:13,360
1075
+ words in a phrase. Okay this is fine. A book is
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:18,960
1079
+ able to give much information that a movie can
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:18,960 --> 00:23:23,340
1083
+ give. Who would like to continue? Yes please. The
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:23,340 --> 00:23:27,560
1087
+ author can also give. Very good.
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:32,060 --> 00:23:35,600
1091
+ why howeverุŸ the punctuation I cannot use whereas
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:38,920
1095
+ here because clearly however is the right place
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:40,300
1099
+ because of the punctuation
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:48,390 --> 00:23:52,330
1103
+ yes yes because they are or they take the same
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:52,330 --> 00:23:54,610
1107
+ kind of punctuation they are actually adverbial
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:54,610 --> 00:23:58,910
1111
+ adverbials okay we call them adverbials okay so
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:58,910 --> 00:24:01,870
1115
+ because the punctuation here is semicolon and
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:01,870 --> 00:24:04,750
1119
+ comma I cannot use whereas here I have to use
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:04,750 --> 00:24:09,050
1123
+ however or in contrast a movie usually conveys
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:09,050 --> 00:24:13,470
1127
+ only the actions and words of the characters I
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:13,470 --> 00:24:18,120
1131
+ would like to continueA book can follow the
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:22,960
1135
+ characters and plot lines ูƒู†ุง. A movie usually. So
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:24,740
1139
+ it has to be ูˆุฑุงุณ.
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:37,260
1143
+ Has less than two hours to sell the story and must
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:37,260 --> 00:24:42,580
1147
+ follow one plot line. The final difference. Guess
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:42,580 --> 00:24:45,800
1151
+ why? Because I need a noun here. The final article
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:49,600
1155
+ or the terminal adjective and then noun is. So the
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:55,350
1159
+ final difference.is what is the punctuation of the
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:55,350 --> 00:24:58,170
1163
+ grammar here the final difference I need a noun
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:58,170 --> 00:25:00,990
1167
+ here the final difference is one of imagination
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:00,990 --> 00:25:05,230
1171
+ each books character can create a mental picture
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:05,230 --> 00:25:10,470
1175
+ is a right a different I need an adjective a can
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:10,470 --> 00:25:16,470
1179
+ create a differenta different mental picture of
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:16,470 --> 00:25:20,610
1183
+ the charactersุŒ a movie ูƒู…ุง ูƒู…ุง can offer only the
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:20,610 --> 00:25:24,350
1187
+ vision of the charactersุŒ of the director either
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:24,350 --> 00:25:31,550
1191
+ however or in contrastุŒ bothุŒ a movie howeverุŒ one
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:31,550 --> 00:25:34,050
1195
+ is however here because it is within the same
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:34,050 --> 00:25:37,340
1199
+ sentenceุŒ we talked about thisit is within the
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:37,340 --> 00:25:40,340
1203
+ same sentence we can just use comma comma instead
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:40,340 --> 00:25:44,480
1207
+ of semicolon and comma right? so again .. again
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:47,800
1211
+ the idea here is always look for the grammar and
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:50,660
1215
+ look for the punctuation whenever you read these
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:50,660 --> 00:25:54,340
1219
+ kinds of questions okay? because every transition
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:54,340 --> 00:25:59,200
1223
+ has a particular way of punctuation and usage in
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:02,800
1227
+ the paragraph is this clear? yesAll rightุŒ let's
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:04,780
1231
+ see a third activity here and instead we're
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:04,780 --> 00:26:10,600
1235
+ talking about transitions and it's an easy oneุŒ we
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:13,040
1239
+ just need to read a sentence and choose the
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:16,440
1243
+ correct transition in this .. for this sentence
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:33,970
1247
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:40,040 --> 00:27:42,400
1251
+ All right are we done? teacher teacher teacher
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:42,400 --> 00:27:44,860
1255
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:44,860 --> 00:27:45,180
1259
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:45,180 --> 00:27:46,340
1263
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:46,340 --> 00:27:46,380
1267
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:46,380 --> 00:27:46,980
1271
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:46,980 --> 00:27:57,240
1275
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:58,220
1279
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:28:00,540
1283
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:09,380
1287
+ teacher teacher teacher
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:28:09,380 --> 00:28:10,920
1291
+ teacher teacher teacherthis one is actually an
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:14,960
1295
+ example of the other one and again the punctuation
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:19,640
1299
+ semicolon and comma so we only have to use for
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:22,980
1303
+ instance not similarity to this is not correct
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:22,980 --> 00:28:27,060
1307
+ okay so it is for instance is the correct choice
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:27,060 --> 00:28:30,260
1311
+ you see the second one now again we're talking
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:30,260 --> 00:28:33,440
1315
+ about punctuation choose the sentence that is
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:39,480
1319
+ punctuated correctlyread them carefully and notice
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:42,600
1323
+ the punctuation marks which sentence is the one
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:44,640
1327
+ that is correctly punctuated
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:29:20,870 --> 00:29:21,490
1331
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:29:52,480 --> 00:29:55,540
1335
+ Which sentence do you think is the correct punch
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:29:55,540 --> 00:29:57,260
1339
+ .. the correctly punch .. what is the sentence
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:29:57,260 --> 00:30:02,220
1343
+ pleaseุŸ The first oneุŸ Yes it's the first one ..
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:30:02,220 --> 00:30:07,280
1347
+ why is thatุŸ Yes we say that with relative clauses
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:10,100
1351
+ if they are extra information we just separate
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:14,230
1355
+ themู…ู† ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:30:14,230 --> 00:30:18,910
1359
+ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:30:18,910 --> 00:30:23,390
1363
+ ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŒ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:30:23,390 --> 00:30:27,530
1367
+ ูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:30:27,530 --> 00:30:27,950
1371
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:30:27,950 --> 00:30:28,290
1375
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:30:28,290 --> 00:30:30,030
1379
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:30:30,030 --> 00:30:34,570
1383
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:30:34,570 --> 00:30:37,190
1387
+ ุงู„
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:30:38,110 --> 00:30:40,410
1391
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู†
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:40,410 --> 00:30:42,490
1395
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:09,100 --> 00:31:20,880
1399
+ ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:25,360
1403
+ ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:30,100
1407
+ ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:31:48,300 --> 00:31:52,240
1411
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ู„ ุชุชูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:31:52,240 --> 00:31:55,900
1415
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŸ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:31:55,900 --> 00:31:56,720
1419
+ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:00,490 --> 00:32:03,510
1423
+ we have a preposition in the phrase and we have a
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:03,510 --> 00:32:06,830
1427
+ complete sentence and so we have a complete idea
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:06,830 --> 00:32:10,370
1431
+ with us number one it's only a dependent clause
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:10,370 --> 00:32:12,730
1435
+ it's not a complete sentence and number three
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:12,730 --> 00:32:16,610
1439
+ again number four are dependent clauses they are
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:16,610 --> 00:32:18,990
1443
+ not complete sentences they don't express a
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:18,990 --> 00:32:23,750
1447
+ complete idea okay all right let's finish with
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:32:23,750 --> 00:32:28,210
1451
+ this last question and this one is just toask you
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:32:28,210 --> 00:32:32,150
1455
+ to punctuate the sentences correctly all right so
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:32:32,150 --> 00:32:35,070
1459
+ apply all the or some of the punctuation rules
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:32:35,070 --> 00:32:40,810
1463
+ that you learned in the previous lectures on in
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:32:40,810 --> 00:32:47,550
1467
+ punctuating these ones you
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:32:47,550 --> 00:32:49,870
1471
+ can take notes of course you can take some notes
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:32:49,870 --> 00:32:50,290
1475
+ of this
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:19,990 --> 00:33:21,390
1479
+ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:54,620 --> 00:33:57,420
1483
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:20,760
1487
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:47,750 --> 00:34:51,070
1491
+ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุฉ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:17,500
1495
+ All right who would like to come here and
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:35:17,500 --> 00:35:22,840
1499
+ punctuate these ones yes please let's say and yes
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:25,800
1503
+ please and see if we agree with our classmates
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:27,680
1507
+ here if she
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:46,080
1511
+ ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:35:46,080 --> 00:35:47,060
1515
+ ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:35:47,060 --> 00:35:47,140
1519
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:47,140 --> 00:35:47,180
1523
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:47,180 --> 00:35:47,240
1527
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:47,240 --> 00:35:48,160
1531
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:48,160 --> 00:35:59,780
1535
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:59,780 --> 00:36:03,920
1539
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:36:04,230 --> 00:36:07,310
1543
+ and okay this is optional we say that and here
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:36:07,310 --> 00:36:11,190
1547
+ thank you and here is optional okay so we can put
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:36:11,190 --> 00:36:13,170
1551
+ it or we can leave it but still there is one more
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:36:13,170 --> 00:36:16,090
1555
+ punctuation mark which is so you can stay here
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:36:16,090 --> 00:36:23,610
1559
+ okay with her FrenchYes yes we .. it is
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:36:23,610 --> 00:36:27,530
1563
+ capitalized okay. So Karen's three favorite foods
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:27,530 --> 00:36:31,410
1567
+ are pasta comma pizza comma an ice cream but her
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:31,410 --> 00:36:36,350
1571
+ French friend loves only pasta and chocolate. Can
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:36,350 --> 00:36:37,990
1575
+ I put here a corner?
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:40,820 --> 00:36:43,960
1579
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:43,960 --> 00:36:44,160
1583
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:49,740
1587
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:49,740 --> 00:36:50,420
1591
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:50,420 --> 00:36:50,460
1595
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:50,460 --> 00:36:50,580
1599
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:50,580 --> 00:37:00,620
1603
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:37:08,430 --> 00:37:15,430
1607
+ Okay so the T is capitalized Shakespeare but don't
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:37:15,430 --> 00:37:19,010
1611
+ forget to capitalize Shakespeare as soon as
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:37:19,010 --> 00:37:26,370
1615
+ possible All right We'll
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:37:26,370 --> 00:37:27,750
1619
+ perform the following plays
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:37:36,470 --> 00:37:40,050
1623
+ Okay you took care of all of the corners but still
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:40,050 --> 00:37:42,930
1627
+ we need to take care of some other things. Yes
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:37:42,930 --> 00:37:44,750
1631
+ please.
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:37:47,070 --> 00:37:51,030
1635
+ We need to take care of the capital letters as
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:37:51,030 --> 00:37:58,190
1639
+ well. So Athelia comma Macbeth. All right. Cara
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:37:58,190 --> 00:38:03,810
1643
+ and Hamlet. Hamlet is H of course. All right.
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:38:07,370 --> 00:38:12,450
1647
+ and again the national and company it's the name
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:38:12,450 --> 00:38:16,510
1651
+ of an institution okay so the national Shakespeare
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:38:16,510 --> 00:38:21,290
1655
+ company will perform the following plays colon now
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:38:21,290 --> 00:38:24,470
1659
+ you forgot the colon and this is sort of like this
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:38:24,470 --> 00:38:29,030
1663
+ is what you're actually looking forูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู…
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:38:29,030 --> 00:38:33,590
1667
+ ุจุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ูˆู…
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:38:33,590 --> 00:38:37,310
1671
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุถุน ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:38:37,310 --> 00:38:41,050
1675
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒุณุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:38:41,050 --> 00:38:49,110
1679
+ ุงู„ูุฑูˆูŠู†ุฌ ุชู„ุนุจ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒ ุงุซูŠู„ูŠุง ู…ูƒุจุซ ูˆู‡ุงู…ู„ุฏ ูƒุงู…ุชู„ุงุชุฑ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:38:49,110 --> 00:38:53,600
1683
+ ูƒุงู…ุชู„ุงุชุฑ ูƒุงู…ุชู„ุงุชุฑ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฑู‚ู… 3ูˆ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:57,360
1687
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:38:57,360 --> 00:39:01,160
1691
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุญูุฒ 10 ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:39:04,980 --> 00:39:09,200
1695
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุจุฑูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุงูุนู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุจูŠุชุงู„ูŠุฒุŸ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:16,640
1699
+ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุดูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:23,620
1703
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูุนู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ูุนู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:39:23,620 --> 00:39:26,780
1707
+ ุฃุฎุฑ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุงูุนู„ู‡. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ .. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:39:26,780 --> 00:39:32,220
1711
+ .. ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุดูุช .. ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุดูุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ..
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:39:36,940 --> 00:39:42,480
1715
+ ุฃู‡ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ูุงู†ุชุฌุช
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:46,740
1719
+ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฑุงุฆุนุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุŸ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:39:46,740 --> 00:39:52,280
1723
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุฏูุน 10 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:39:52,280 --> 00:39:58,720
1727
+ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุดุฑุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:39:58,720 --> 00:40:03,620
1731
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุฏูุน 10 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู…
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:12,440
1735
+ ู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู†ุช ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุญูุธ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:18,840
1739
+ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุนู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:24,440
1743
+ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุณูŠู…ูŠ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†All rightุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŸ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:27,580
1747
+ Okay All right So .. So far what we've done today
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:40:27,580 --> 00:40:30,360
1751
+ is just going very quickly over some of the common
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:33,160
1755
+ issues common problems that you need to pay
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:40:33,160 --> 00:40:36,480
1759
+ attention to such as subject-verb agreement, comma
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:41,600
1763
+ use, comma splice run on using columns okay and ..
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:40:41,600 --> 00:40:45,800
1767
+ and so on and so forth For next time we .. this ..
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:40:45,800 --> 00:40:49,980
1771
+ take this as a homework okay what you need to do
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:40:49,980 --> 00:40:54,150
1775
+ is to read the paragraph andcomplete the sentence
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:40:54,150 --> 00:40:56,610
1779
+ .. complete sorry the paragraph with suitable
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:40:56,610 --> 00:41:01,430
1783
+ supporting sentence ุฏู‡ thank you very much and I
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:41:01,430 --> 00:41:02,710
1787
+ will see you next time inshallah
1788
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,1904 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:22,840
3
+ All right ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… good morning how are you
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:25,500
7
+ today? fine very good very good all right we'll
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:25,500 --> 00:00:29,200
11
+ start today with some revision of what the things
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,200 --> 00:00:31,660
15
+ that we've studied so far throughout this course
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:31,660 --> 00:00:36,220
19
+ and today we'll focus on some sentence problems
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:36,220 --> 00:00:39,500
23
+ that I would like you to pay attention to this is
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:39,500 --> 00:00:42,600
27
+ a kind of feedback that I'd like to give you on
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:42,600 --> 00:00:45,770
31
+ some of your writing problems that I've seenin ..
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:45,770 --> 00:00:48,250
35
+ in .. in your writings and also to highlight some
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:50,530
39
+ issues that you need to pay attention to whenever
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:50,530 --> 00:00:54,750
43
+ you are writing your paragraphs these issues
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:54,750 --> 00:00:58,350
47
+ related to sentence problems for example subject
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:58,350 --> 00:01:02,230
51
+ verb agreement noun pronoun agreement issues that
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,230 --> 00:01:05,070
55
+ have to do with punctuation such as using commas
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,070 --> 00:01:07,970
59
+ such as using colons and so on so it's gonna be a
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:07,970 --> 00:01:12,970
63
+ lot of practice today trying to cast light on some
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:12,970 --> 00:01:15,520
67
+ of the issues that you need to pay attention toSo
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:19,180
71
+ let's look at the first example .. at the first
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:19,180 --> 00:01:22,660
75
+ sentence here in this slide and let's identify the
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:22,660 --> 00:01:25,300
79
+ problem or problems that you can see in this
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:25,300 --> 00:01:28,360
83
+ example Let's see All over the country people sell
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:31,600
87
+ products over the internet, these people are
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:35,400
91
+ making impressive profits Do you see any problems
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:41,330
95
+ here? Do you see any problems here?just read it ..
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:41,330 --> 00:01:43,190
99
+ just read it .. this is a kind of sort of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:43,190 --> 00:01:46,430
103
+ reflecting on some of your writings and trying to
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:49,810
107
+ identify and locate some of the issues that you
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:49,810 --> 00:01:52,830
111
+ need to pay attention to all rightุŸ all over the
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:01:52,830 --> 00:01:55,350
115
+ country people sell products over the internet,
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:01:55,910 --> 00:01:58,610
119
+ these people are making impressive gains or
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:01:58,610 --> 00:02:00,190
123
+ impressive profits
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:03,220 --> 00:02:06,320
127
+ Okay so all .. so we have to use a capital letter
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:08,480
131
+ just remember this and this is one of the
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:11,580
135
+ capitalization rules at the society we need to
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:11,580 --> 00:02:14,800
139
+ start a sentence with a capital letter
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:23,150 --> 00:02:27,130
143
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุง ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:27,130 --> 00:02:27,430
147
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:27,430 --> 00:02:28,730
151
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:28,730 --> 00:02:30,290
155
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:30,290 --> 00:02:32,310
159
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:34,010
163
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:34,010 --> 00:02:39,070
167
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:39,070 --> 00:02:42,390
171
+ ุงูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงูƒูˆู…
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:48,970 --> 00:02:52,810
175
+ ูุงูƒุชุดู ูƒู…ุงู† with a full stop and start a new
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:02:52,810 --> 00:02:55,690
179
+ sentence okay there is another way which is a
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:02:55,690 --> 00:03:00,710
183
+ comma and or so or yet or but whatever or just
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:00,710 --> 00:03:05,750
187
+ adding a coordinator or a fanboy connected okay so
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:05,750 --> 00:03:07,750
191
+ all over the country people say put that over the
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:07,750 --> 00:03:11,040
195
+ internet full stopwe finish the idea, we finish
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:14,020
199
+ the sentence these people are making impressive
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:14,020 --> 00:03:19,420
203
+ profits I could also use akuma here it's an
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:19,420 --> 00:03:21,740
207
+ introductory phrase that we said all over the
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:21,740 --> 00:03:26,440
211
+ country people are or people sell products over
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:30,240
215
+ the internet okay let's see the second example and
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:33,580
219
+ identify any problems here in this second example
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:33,580 --> 00:03:35,400
223
+ and then I'll give you a chance to go over the
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:40,120
227
+ remaining sentencesFinally, Facebook help you to
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:44,320
231
+ find people who lost communicator with them. Yes
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:51,940
235
+ please. Okay so finally, capital letter. Facebook
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:03:51,940 --> 00:03:57,320
239
+ it's a spelling problem. And Facebook has to be
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:03:57,320 --> 00:03:59,920
243
+ capital letter as well. So Facebook.
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:03,570 --> 00:04:07,230
247
+ Helps helps so what we see here is a subject-verb
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:07,230 --> 00:04:09,570
251
+ agreement problem and this is very common almost
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:09,570 --> 00:04:12,350
255
+ sixty percent of your mistakes relate to subject
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:16,030
259
+ -verb agreement problem okay so finally facebook
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:16,030 --> 00:04:19,050
263
+ helps you to find people who must communicate with
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:19,050 --> 00:04:23,540
267
+ you is there a problem here?ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:23,540 --> 00:04:26,980
271
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:26,980 --> 00:04:33,840
275
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุฃุณู„ูˆุจ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ูุนู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:42,720
279
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ูƒูŠู ู†ุนูŠุฏู‡ุงุŸ ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนูƒุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:47,780
283
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏุช ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„. ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุฃู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:47,780 --> 00:04:52,010
287
+ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏูƒ ููŠ Facebook ูŠุณุงุนุฏูƒto find people
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:52,010 --> 00:04:57,230
291
+ who you lost communication with
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:01,350 --> 00:05:04,350
295
+ as simple as that whom you lost communication or
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:04,350 --> 00:05:07,690
299
+ whom you lost communication with now it is
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:07,690 --> 00:05:10,030
303
+ grammatically correct we have a relative clause
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:10,030 --> 00:05:12,790
307
+ and we have a clear structure whom you lost
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:12,790 --> 00:05:16,230
311
+ communication or who you lost communication with
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:16,230 --> 00:05:19,190
315
+ all right fine now i'll just give you a couple of
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:19,190 --> 00:05:21,210
319
+ minutes to look at the remaining three sentences
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:21,210 --> 00:05:24,690
323
+ here in this slide and try to locate any problems
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:24,690 --> 00:05:28,630
327
+ that you see in these three sentences yes please
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:28,630 --> 00:05:31,030
331
+ and of course you can take some notes
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:14,020
335
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:54,280 --> 00:06:57,460
339
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ู†ุง ุŸ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:03,660 --> 00:07:07,240
343
+ All right let's see number three my friend Larry
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:07,240 --> 00:07:10,460
347
+ has a bad habit he never on time for or to
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:10,460 --> 00:07:13,620
351
+ anything arrives ten minutes late everywhere
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:13,620 --> 00:07:16,680
355
+ clearly there are some problems here the first
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:21,560
359
+ problem is yes please okay so there is a missing
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:27,850
363
+ verb okay he is never so we need a verb hereSo he
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:27,850 --> 00:07:30,930
367
+ is never on time to anything. He arrives ten
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:30,930 --> 00:07:34,530
371
+ minutes later. He arrives ten minutes later. Here
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:34,530 --> 00:07:42,190
375
+ what we see is a missing subject. He arrives ten
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:42,190 --> 00:07:47,250
379
+ minutes later than everywhere. And what we see
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,250 --> 00:07:50,230
383
+ here is three simple very short sentences. We can
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:52,590
387
+ actually combine them but this is a different
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:52,590 --> 00:07:55,450
391
+ story. We'll talk about it later.So the problem
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:55,450 --> 00:07:59,270
395
+ here is there is a missing verb and there is a
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:59,270 --> 00:08:01,810
399
+ missing subject and this is something that we need
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:01,810 --> 00:08:05,290
403
+ to avoid All right number four Gaza streets have a
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:05,290 --> 00:08:09,410
407
+ big traffic problems that make the street more
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:09,410 --> 00:08:13,710
411
+ dangerous Clearly there is a problem clear problem
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:13,710 --> 00:08:18,390
415
+ here which is Gaza has to be capital letter
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:18,390 --> 00:08:22,790
419
+ capital S beginning with a sentence yesOkay this
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:22,790 --> 00:08:25,810
423
+ is also another common problem I see which is
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:25,810 --> 00:08:29,030
427
+ confusing
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:29,030 --> 00:08:33,270
431
+ plural with singular nouns and verbs and pronouns
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:33,270 --> 00:08:35,750
435
+ and so on so this is something we talked about
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:35,750 --> 00:08:39,690
439
+ it's number agreements okay a big traffic problem
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:39,690 --> 00:08:44,790
443
+ big traffic problems one problem some problems and
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:45,810
447
+ so on
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:51,410 --> 00:09:00,350
451
+ we don't need
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:00,350 --> 00:09:03,870
455
+ a comma before that just remember this we don't
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:03,870 --> 00:09:07,010
459
+ need or we don't put a comma before that that
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:07,010 --> 00:09:09,850
463
+ doesn't take commas in terms of punctuation it
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:09,850 --> 00:09:12,830
467
+ does not take any comma before or after it
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:12,830 --> 00:09:17,390
471
+ immediately that make the street or make the
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:22,130
475
+ streetsthe streets okay that make the streets more
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:22,130 --> 00:09:26,370
479
+ dangerous okay so if we can say number four
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:26,370 --> 00:09:29,210
483
+ problem number four is something we just said
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:29,210 --> 00:09:35,970
487
+ number agreement number agreement is very common
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:35,970 --> 00:09:40,130
491
+ so we need to avoid it number agreement this is a
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:40,130 --> 00:09:43,830
495
+ very common problem you see number five number
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:43,830 --> 00:09:48,550
499
+ fivein concluding the government must work hard to
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:48,550 --> 00:09:53,450
503
+ solve these problems yes and yes please in
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:53,450 --> 00:09:57,410
507
+ concluding comma you must work okay so in
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:57,410 --> 00:10:01,850
511
+ concluding ุจู‚ู‰ again yes we need a comma here ุจู‚ู‰
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:01,850 --> 00:10:04,470
515
+ can we say in concluding or in conclusion in
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:04,470 --> 00:10:07,990
519
+ conclusion in conclusion so this is another a
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:07,990 --> 00:10:11,030
523
+ problem in forming the word correctly with the
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:11,030 --> 00:10:17,700
527
+ transition so in conclusionin conclusion or to
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:17,700 --> 00:10:21,820
531
+ conclude to conclude or in conclusionุŒ remember
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:21,820 --> 00:10:26,540
535
+ thisุŒ I've seen quite a few mistakes in this the
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:26,540 --> 00:10:30,120
539
+ government must
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:30,120 --> 00:10:37,160
543
+ work hard to solve this problem, this problem or
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:41,860
547
+ this problemagain the number agreement is very
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:41,860 --> 00:10:45,740
551
+ important to pay attention to whenever you are
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:45,740 --> 00:10:49,260
555
+ writing so we can add the number four number five
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:49,260 --> 00:10:58,400
559
+ avoid missing verbs and or subjects
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:03,860 --> 00:11:07,180
563
+ make sure that every sentence has a subject, has a
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:07,180 --> 00:11:11,680
567
+ clear subject and clear verbs ุฏูŠ continue with the
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:11,680 --> 00:11:15,300
571
+ remaining sentences and again the idea here is to
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:19,680
575
+ identify the problems that you actually see here
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:19,680 --> 00:11:22,780
579
+ in these examples of your writings
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:50,870 --> 00:11:53,270
583
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:35,150 --> 00:12:45,730
587
+ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู„ู‰
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:45,730 --> 00:12:57,190
591
+ ุฑู‚ู…
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:58,050
595
+ 6
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:00,770 --> 00:13:07,870
599
+ Okay, so we see here is a missing. There are some
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:07,870 --> 00:13:11,030
603
+ negative effects of unemployment on society. Full
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:11,030 --> 00:13:15,050
607
+ stop. Yes. No, I just stopped here because the
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:15,050 --> 00:13:18,670
611
+ idea is complete. So, I have to clearly demarcate
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:18,670 --> 00:13:21,990
615
+ the sentence. So, end of the sentence, full stop.
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:22,110 --> 00:13:25,310
619
+ All right. And then? Capitalize. First or fourth?
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:25,570 --> 00:13:28,310
623
+ Or? Unemployment causes unemployment.
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:33,460 --> 00:13:36,800
627
+ unemployment causes subject-verb agreement subject
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:36,800 --> 00:13:39,560
631
+ -verb agreement unemployment causes country
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:39,560 --> 00:13:42,840
635
+ economic destruction okay so there is a problem
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:45,860
639
+ with ordering the different parts of speech
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:45,860 --> 00:13:50,880
643
+ destroying the economy of a country or the economy
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:55,720
647
+ of a country's economy or causes the destruction
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:55,720 --> 00:13:59,280
651
+ of a country's economy very nice so destroy causes
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:02,340
655
+ destruction or destroying a country's
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:08,250
659
+ economy now it is correct or the economy of a
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:08,250 --> 00:14:11,390
663
+ country or causes the destruction of a country's
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:11,390 --> 00:14:14,310
667
+ economy right let's see number seven visitors
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:14,310 --> 00:14:16,630
671
+ can't see many interesting places in Egypt full
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:16,630 --> 00:14:20,590
675
+ stop for example the pyramids we talked about this
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:20,590 --> 00:14:22,750
679
+ in one of the subjects in one of the courses
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:22,750 --> 00:14:27,790
683
+ previouslySo where is the problem here? Yes
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:27,790 --> 00:14:31,970
687
+ please. The second part. Can we actually consider
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:31,970 --> 00:14:36,210
691
+ it a sentence first? No. It is what we said a
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:36,210 --> 00:14:39,430
695
+ fragment. It's a fragment. That is to say it is
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:39,430 --> 00:14:42,190
699
+ not a complete sentence. The first sentence is
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:42,190 --> 00:14:44,350
703
+ perfect. There is nothing wrong with it. The
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:44,350 --> 00:14:47,670
707
+ problem is with the second part.the pyramids is
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:47,670 --> 00:14:51,210
711
+ this a sentenceุŸ no okay so the solution is to
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:51,210 --> 00:14:55,390
715
+ change it into a sentence we can say for example
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:55,390 --> 00:14:58,910
719
+ they can see the pyramids okay they can see the
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:58,910 --> 00:15:04,970
723
+ pyramids or the pyramids are one of these places
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:04,970 --> 00:15:09,880
727
+ that can be or we can see alternativelywe can just
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:15:09,880 --> 00:15:16,060
731
+ change ูุตู„ into a comma and now we say for example
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:16,060 --> 00:15:17,000
735
+ noun phrase
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:23,370 --> 00:15:27,110
739
+ for example the pyramids or alternatively we can
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:31,250
743
+ put for stop for example that they can see the
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:31,250 --> 00:15:34,570
747
+ pyramids okay just remember I focus too much on
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:34,570 --> 00:15:37,710
751
+ punctuation because I think punctuation is very
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:37,710 --> 00:15:41,110
755
+ much like traffic lights they tell us when to stop
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:45,010
759
+ when to pause momentarily when to go on they help
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:45,010 --> 00:15:49,390
763
+ clarify the ideas okay and the different ideas in
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:49,390 --> 00:15:54,970
767
+ in the textand for example ูƒู…ุฑ ูƒู…ุฑ yes for example
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:54,970 --> 00:15:57,950
771
+ ูƒู…ุฑ ูƒู…ุฑ all right let's see number eight yes
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:57,950 --> 00:16:03,030
775
+ second the negative effects of the pollution on
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:06,650
779
+ the environment yes all right what do you what do
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:06,650 --> 00:16:10,150
783
+ you see what problem do you see here again it is
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:14,130
787
+ very nice it is a fragment why is it a fragment it
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:14,130 --> 00:16:16,530
791
+ is not a cohesive thing where is the verb look for
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:16,530 --> 00:16:19,710
795
+ the verb there is no verb so change it into a
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:19,710 --> 00:16:25,860
799
+ sentence we can sayThere are some negative or
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:25,860 --> 00:16:29,440
803
+ there are the negative effects of pollution on the
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:32,560
807
+ environment or the negative effects of pollution
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:32,560 --> 00:16:39,340
811
+ on the environment are harmful to
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:39,340 --> 00:16:45,630
815
+ human healthุŒ to people's healthwe .. so we change
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:45,630 --> 00:16:49,770
819
+ it into a complete sentence alrightุŸ so avoid a
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:49,770 --> 00:16:54,330
823
+ fragment this is something that also I see in some
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:54,330 --> 00:16:58,510
827
+ of your writing okayุŸ so go over the class on
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:58,510 --> 00:17:00,970
831
+ fragments and how you avoid fragments and what
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:00,970 --> 00:17:04,770
835
+ kinds of fragments that we can .. that we discuss
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:04,770 --> 00:17:08,470
839
+ and try to avoid this the last sentence here is
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:08,470 --> 00:17:13,270
843
+ university is more difficult than high schoolit
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:13,270 --> 00:17:16,250
847
+ depends on students to study hard to get marks
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:16,250 --> 00:17:22,910
851
+ again there is a problem with punctuation here is
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:22,910 --> 00:17:25,390
855
+ a problem with punctuation with another topic that
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:25,390 --> 00:17:29,710
859
+ we talked about previously university is more
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:29,710 --> 00:17:31,930
863
+ difficult than high school it depends on students
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:31,930 --> 00:17:36,290
867
+ to study hard to get marks yes please university
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:36,290 --> 00:17:40,310
871
+ clearly has to be capitalized yes after school
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:40,740 --> 00:17:44,880
875
+ after high school we had a follow stop this is
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:47,460
879
+ something that we said before it is a run on
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:47,460 --> 00:17:50,620
883
+ sentence run on sentence probably when you have
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:50,620 --> 00:17:53,640
887
+ two sentences with no punctuation between them
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:53,640 --> 00:18:00,700
891
+ then we have a run on sentence so if we list it so
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:00,700 --> 00:18:07,960
895
+ number six is avoid run on sentence error sentence
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:08,520
899
+ error
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:16,940
903
+ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ู‡ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:16,940 --> 00:18:25,420
907
+ ุงูุชุญ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู…ุฌุฒุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุฌุฒุฑุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:25,420 --> 00:18:30,360
911
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู… ู„ุฃู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:30,360 --> 00:18:36,900
915
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูุชุญู‡ุง
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:36,900 --> 00:18:41,440
919
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูุนู„ุชู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:41,710 --> 00:18:45,830
923
+ avoid common problems at the sentence level avoid
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:45,830 --> 00:18:49,190
927
+ subject verb agreement problems in subject verb
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:51,550
931
+ agreement make sure that you always capitalize
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:51,550 --> 00:18:54,190
935
+ where necessary especially at the beginning of
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:54,190 --> 00:18:58,390
939
+ sentences okay the third one is avoid making comma
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:58,390 --> 00:19:00,810
943
+ splice two sentences with a comma between them
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:00,810 --> 00:19:05,250
947
+ only this is wrong number agreements okay avoid
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:05,250 --> 00:19:10,330
951
+ missingevery sentence has to have a subject and a
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:10,330 --> 00:19:14,350
955
+ verb then avoid run on sentences and sentence
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:14,350 --> 00:19:19,030
959
+ fragments is this clear? because I expect you to
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:19,030 --> 00:19:22,270
963
+ really avoid these kinds of problems almost all
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:22,270 --> 00:19:23,790
967
+ the time of course yes please
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:31,650 --> 00:19:34,630
971
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุท ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:34,630 --> 00:19:39,970
975
+ ุตูุฑุŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑุŒ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:46,950
979
+ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:46,950 --> 00:19:51,110
983
+ ุฅุฐุง ุชุฐูƒุฑุŒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุงุชwith comparison contrast for
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:54,970
987
+ example despite different from differ from
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:54,970 --> 00:19:58,650
991
+ similarly also like to and so on this is another
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:58,650 --> 00:20:01,310
995
+ exercise what I'd like you to do is to read the
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:01,310 --> 00:20:05,330
999
+ paragraph and complete this paragraph with a
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:05,330 --> 00:20:09,550
1003
+ suitable transitions which are difference despite
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:09,550 --> 00:20:18,000
1007
+ however different in contrast whereas also andSo
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,220
1011
+ please quickly read it and fill in the blanks with
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:21,220 --> 00:20:24,580
1015
+ a suitable transition word or phrase
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:57,830 --> 00:21:01,170
1019
+ just remember always to .. the grammar always
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:01,170 --> 00:21:03,970
1023
+ helps you alright? so check if you need an
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:03,970 --> 00:21:09,310
1027
+ adjective here, a verb, a noun, an adverb and so
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:09,310 --> 00:21:12,070
1031
+ on .. the grammar always helps you in choosing the
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:14,370
1035
+ correct signal, the correct transition
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:36,050 --> 00:21:38,350
1039
+ ู…ุงุฐุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉุŸ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:22:35,370 --> 00:22:38,010
1043
+ Reading a book is always much better than watching
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:22:38,010 --> 00:22:42,780
1047
+ a movie based on a book.this spite .. do you agree
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:22:42,780 --> 00:22:45,900
1051
+ with the man that he said despite hereุŸ why is
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:22:45,900 --> 00:22:50,700
1055
+ thatุŸ why not however or sorry whereas or also
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:22:50,700 --> 00:22:55,780
1059
+ because .. remember despite is always followed by
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:22:55,780 --> 00:23:00,140
1063
+ a phrase, never a complete sentence okayุŸ okay so
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:23:00,140 --> 00:23:00,920
1067
+ despite
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:23:04,460 --> 00:23:09,380
1071
+ This is fine. Saying a picture is worth a thousand
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:23:09,380 --> 00:23:13,360
1075
+ words in a phrase. Okay this is fine. A book is
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:18,960
1079
+ able to give much information that a movie can
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:23:18,960 --> 00:23:23,340
1083
+ give. Who would like to continue? Yes please. The
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:23:23,340 --> 00:23:27,560
1087
+ author can also give. Very good.
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:23:32,060 --> 00:23:35,600
1091
+ why howeverุŸ the punctuation I cannot use whereas
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:38,920
1095
+ here because clearly however is the right place
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:40,300
1099
+ because of the punctuation
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:48,390 --> 00:23:52,330
1103
+ yes yes because they are or they take the same
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:52,330 --> 00:23:54,610
1107
+ kind of punctuation they are actually adverbial
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:54,610 --> 00:23:58,910
1111
+ adverbials okay we call them adverbials okay so
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:58,910 --> 00:24:01,870
1115
+ because the punctuation here is semicolon and
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:24:01,870 --> 00:24:04,750
1119
+ comma I cannot use whereas here I have to use
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:24:04,750 --> 00:24:09,050
1123
+ however or in contrast a movie usually conveys
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:24:09,050 --> 00:24:13,470
1127
+ only the actions and words of the characters I
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:24:13,470 --> 00:24:18,120
1131
+ would like to continueA book can follow the
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:22,960
1135
+ characters and plot lines ูƒู†ุง. A movie usually. So
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:24,740
1139
+ it has to be ูˆุฑุงุณ.
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:33,720 --> 00:24:37,260
1143
+ Has less than two hours to sell the story and must
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:37,260 --> 00:24:42,580
1147
+ follow one plot line. The final difference. Guess
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:42,580 --> 00:24:45,800
1151
+ why? Because I need a noun here. The final article
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:49,600
1155
+ or the terminal adjective and then noun is. So the
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:55,350
1159
+ final difference.is what is the punctuation of the
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:55,350 --> 00:24:58,170
1163
+ grammar here the final difference I need a noun
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:58,170 --> 00:25:00,990
1167
+ here the final difference is one of imagination
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:25:00,990 --> 00:25:05,230
1171
+ each books character can create a mental picture
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:05,230 --> 00:25:10,470
1175
+ is a right a different I need an adjective a can
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:10,470 --> 00:25:16,470
1179
+ create a differenta different mental picture of
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:16,470 --> 00:25:20,610
1183
+ the charactersุŒ a movie ูƒู…ุง ูƒู…ุง can offer only the
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:20,610 --> 00:25:24,350
1187
+ vision of the charactersุŒ of the director either
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:24,350 --> 00:25:31,550
1191
+ however or in contrastุŒ bothุŒ a movie howeverุŒ one
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:31,550 --> 00:25:34,050
1195
+ is however here because it is within the same
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:34,050 --> 00:25:37,340
1199
+ sentenceุŒ we talked about thisit is within the
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:37,340 --> 00:25:40,340
1203
+ same sentence we can just use comma comma instead
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:40,340 --> 00:25:44,480
1207
+ of semicolon and comma right? so again .. again
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:47,800
1211
+ the idea here is always look for the grammar and
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:47,800 --> 00:25:50,660
1215
+ look for the punctuation whenever you read these
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:50,660 --> 00:25:54,340
1219
+ kinds of questions okay? because every transition
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:54,340 --> 00:25:59,200
1223
+ has a particular way of punctuation and usage in
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:02,800
1227
+ the paragraph is this clear? yesAll rightุŒ let's
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:04,780
1231
+ see a third activity here and instead we're
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:04,780 --> 00:26:10,600
1235
+ talking about transitions and it's an easy oneุŒ we
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:10,600 --> 00:26:13,040
1239
+ just need to read a sentence and choose the
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:16,440
1243
+ correct transition in this .. for this sentence
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:27:31,110 --> 00:27:33,970
1247
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:27:40,040 --> 00:27:42,400
1251
+ All right are we done? teacher teacher teacher
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:27:42,400 --> 00:27:44,860
1255
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:27:44,860 --> 00:27:45,180
1259
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:27:45,180 --> 00:27:45,180
1263
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:45,180 --> 00:27:45,180
1267
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:45,180 --> 00:27:45,180
1271
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:45,180 --> 00:27:45,180
1275
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:45,180 --> 00:27:46,340
1279
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:46,340 --> 00:27:46,340
1283
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:46,340 --> 00:27:46,380
1287
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:46,380 --> 00:27:46,980
1291
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:46,980 --> 00:27:46,980
1295
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:46,980 --> 00:27:46,980
1299
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:46,980 --> 00:27:46,980
1303
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:46,980 --> 00:27:57,240
1307
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:57,240
1311
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:57,240
1315
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:57,240
1319
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:57,240 --> 00:27:58,220
1323
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1327
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1331
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1335
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1339
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1343
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1347
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1351
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:58,220
1355
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:27:58,220 --> 00:28:00,540
1359
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1363
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1367
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1371
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1375
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1379
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1383
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1387
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:00,540
1391
+ teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher teacher
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:09,380
1395
+ teacher teacher teacher
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:09,380 --> 00:28:10,920
1399
+ teacher teacher teacherthis one is actually an
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:14,960
1403
+ example of the other one and again the punctuation
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:19,640
1407
+ semicolon and comma so we only have to use for
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:22,980
1411
+ instance not similarity to this is not correct
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:28:22,980 --> 00:28:27,060
1415
+ okay so it is for instance is the correct choice
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:28:27,060 --> 00:28:30,260
1419
+ you see the second one now again we're talking
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:28:30,260 --> 00:28:33,440
1423
+ about punctuation choose the sentence that is
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:39,480
1427
+ punctuated correctlyread them carefully and notice
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:42,600
1431
+ the punctuation marks which sentence is the one
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:44,640
1435
+ that is correctly punctuated
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:20,870 --> 00:29:21,490
1439
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:52,480 --> 00:29:55,540
1443
+ Which sentence do you think is the correct punch
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:55,540 --> 00:29:57,260
1447
+ .. the correctly punch .. what is the sentence
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:57,260 --> 00:30:02,220
1451
+ pleaseุŸ The first oneุŸ Yes it's the first one ..
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:02,220 --> 00:30:07,280
1455
+ why is thatุŸ Yes we say that with relative clauses
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:07,280 --> 00:30:10,100
1459
+ if they are extra information we just separate
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:14,230
1463
+ themู…ู† ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:14,230 --> 00:30:18,910
1467
+ ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŸ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:18,910 --> 00:30:23,390
1471
+ ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุงุŒ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:30:23,390 --> 00:30:27,530
1475
+ ูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:30:27,530 --> 00:30:27,950
1479
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:30:27,950 --> 00:30:28,290
1483
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:30:28,290 --> 00:30:30,030
1487
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:30:30,030 --> 00:30:34,570
1491
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:30:34,570 --> 00:30:37,190
1495
+ ุงู„
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:30:38,110 --> 00:30:40,410
1499
+ ูƒู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู†
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:30:40,410 --> 00:30:42,490
1503
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:09,100 --> 00:31:20,880
1507
+ ุฃูŠู‡ุŸ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:20,880 --> 00:31:25,360
1511
+ ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:30,100
1515
+ ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู ุฃุดุฑู
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:48,300 --> 00:31:52,240
1519
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ู„ ุชุชูุงู‡ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:52,240 --> 00:31:55,900
1523
+ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŸ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:55,900 --> 00:31:56,720
1527
+ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:00,490 --> 00:32:03,510
1531
+ we have a preposition in the phrase and we have a
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:03,510 --> 00:32:06,830
1535
+ complete sentence and so we have a complete idea
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:06,830 --> 00:32:10,370
1539
+ with us number one it's only a dependent clause
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:32:10,370 --> 00:32:12,730
1543
+ it's not a complete sentence and number three
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:12,730 --> 00:32:16,610
1547
+ again number four are dependent clauses they are
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:16,610 --> 00:32:18,990
1551
+ not complete sentences they don't express a
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:18,990 --> 00:32:23,750
1555
+ complete idea okay all right let's finish with
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:23,750 --> 00:32:28,210
1559
+ this last question and this one is just toask you
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:28,210 --> 00:32:32,150
1563
+ to punctuate the sentences correctly all right so
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:32,150 --> 00:32:35,070
1567
+ apply all the or some of the punctuation rules
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:35,070 --> 00:32:40,810
1571
+ that you learned in the previous lectures on in
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:40,810 --> 00:32:47,550
1575
+ punctuating these ones you
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:47,550 --> 00:32:49,870
1579
+ can take notes of course you can take some notes
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:32:49,870 --> 00:32:50,290
1583
+ of this
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:19,990 --> 00:33:21,390
1587
+ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุฉ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:54,620 --> 00:33:57,420
1591
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุงู†ุง
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:16,680 --> 00:34:20,760
1595
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ูƒุฏู‡
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:47,750 --> 00:34:51,070
1599
+ ุงู„ุนุฒูŠุฒุฉ ูŠุง ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:17,500
1603
+ All right who would like to come here and
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:17,500 --> 00:35:22,840
1607
+ punctuate these ones yes please let's say and yes
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:22,840 --> 00:35:25,800
1611
+ please and see if we agree with our classmates
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:25,800 --> 00:35:27,680
1615
+ here if she
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:36,320 --> 00:35:46,080
1619
+ ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:46,080 --> 00:35:47,060
1623
+ ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:47,060 --> 00:35:47,140
1627
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:47,140 --> 00:35:47,140
1631
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:47,140 --> 00:35:47,140
1635
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:47,140 --> 00:35:47,180
1639
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:47,180 --> 00:35:47,240
1643
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:47,240 --> 00:35:48,160
1647
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:48,160 --> 00:35:59,780
1651
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:59,780 --> 00:36:03,920
1655
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:04,230 --> 00:36:07,310
1659
+ and okay this is optional we say that and here
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:07,310 --> 00:36:11,190
1663
+ thank you and here is optional okay so we can put
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:11,190 --> 00:36:13,170
1667
+ it or we can leave it but still there is one more
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:13,170 --> 00:36:16,090
1671
+ punctuation mark which is so you can stay here
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:16,090 --> 00:36:23,610
1675
+ okay with her FrenchYes yes we .. it is
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:23,610 --> 00:36:27,530
1679
+ capitalized okay. So Karen's three favorite foods
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:36:27,530 --> 00:36:31,410
1683
+ are pasta comma pizza comma an ice cream but her
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:31,410 --> 00:36:36,350
1687
+ French friend loves only pasta and chocolate. Can
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:36,350 --> 00:36:37,990
1691
+ I put here a corner?
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:40,820 --> 00:36:43,960
1695
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:43,960 --> 00:36:44,160
1699
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:49,740
1703
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:49,740 --> 00:36:50,420
1707
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:50,420 --> 00:36:50,460
1711
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:50,460 --> 00:36:50,580
1715
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:50,580 --> 00:37:00,620
1719
+ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:08,430 --> 00:37:15,430
1723
+ Okay so the T is capitalized Shakespeare but don't
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:15,430 --> 00:37:19,010
1727
+ forget to capitalize Shakespeare as soon as
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:19,010 --> 00:37:26,370
1731
+ possible All right We'll
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:26,370 --> 00:37:27,750
1735
+ perform the following plays
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:36,470 --> 00:37:40,050
1739
+ Okay you took care of all of the corners but still
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:40,050 --> 00:37:42,930
1743
+ we need to take care of some other things. Yes
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:42,930 --> 00:37:44,750
1747
+ please.
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:37:47,070 --> 00:37:51,030
1751
+ We need to take care of the capital letters as
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:37:51,030 --> 00:37:58,190
1755
+ well. So Athelia comma Macbeth. All right. Cara
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:37:58,190 --> 00:38:03,810
1759
+ and Hamlet. Hamlet is H of course. All right.
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:07,370 --> 00:38:12,450
1763
+ and again the national and company it's the name
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:12,450 --> 00:38:16,510
1767
+ of an institution okay so the national Shakespeare
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:16,510 --> 00:38:21,290
1771
+ company will perform the following plays colon now
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:21,290 --> 00:38:24,470
1775
+ you forgot the colon and this is sort of like this
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:24,470 --> 00:38:29,030
1779
+ is what you're actually looking forูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชู‚ูˆู…
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:38:29,030 --> 00:38:33,590
1783
+ ุจุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงู‚ูˆู…
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:38:33,590 --> 00:38:37,310
1787
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชุถุน ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:38:37,310 --> 00:38:41,050
1791
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒุณุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:38:41,050 --> 00:38:49,110
1795
+ ุงู„ูุฑูˆูŠู†ุฌ ุชู„ุนุจ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ุฒ ุงุซูŠู„ูŠุง ู…ูƒุจุซ ูˆู‡ุงู…ู„ุฏ ูƒุงู…ุชู„ุงุชุฑ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:38:49,110 --> 00:38:53,600
1799
+ ูƒุงู…ุชู„ุงุชุฑ ูƒุงู…ุชู„ุงุชุฑ ู„ุง ุชู†ุณู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฑู‚ู… 3ูˆ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:38:53,600 --> 00:38:57,360
1803
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ุŒ ูˆุฌุฏุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:38:57,360 --> 00:39:01,160
1807
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุญูุฒ 10 ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:04,980 --> 00:39:09,200
1811
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุจุฑูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุงูุนู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุจูŠุชุงู„ูŠุฒุŸ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:16,640
1815
+ ู„ุง ู„ุง ู„ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุดูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:16,640 --> 00:39:23,620
1819
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูุนู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ูุนู„ุฉ ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:23,620 --> 00:39:26,780
1823
+ ุฃุฎุฑ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุงูุนู„ู‡. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ .. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:26,780 --> 00:39:32,220
1827
+ .. ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุดูุช .. ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงูƒุชุดูุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ..
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:36,940 --> 00:39:42,480
1831
+ ุฃู‡ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู†ุง ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ูุงู†ุชุฌุช
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:46,740
1835
+ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฑุงุฆุนุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุŸ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุน
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:39:46,740 --> 00:39:52,280
1839
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุฏูุน 10 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:52,280 --> 00:39:58,720
1843
+ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุดุฑุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:39:58,720 --> 00:40:03,620
1847
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุฏูุน 10 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู…
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:12,440
1851
+ ู„ุง ู„ุง ุงู†ุช ู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุญูุธ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑู‰
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:18,840
1855
+ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุนู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:18,840 --> 00:40:24,440
1859
+ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุณูŠู…ูŠ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†All rightุŸ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุŸ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:27,580
1863
+ Okay All right So .. So far what we've done today
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:27,580 --> 00:40:30,360
1867
+ is just going very quickly over some of the common
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:30,360 --> 00:40:33,160
1871
+ issues common problems that you need to pay
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:33,160 --> 00:40:36,480
1875
+ attention to such as subject-verb agreement, comma
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:41,600
1879
+ use, comma splice run on using columns okay and ..
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:40:41,600 --> 00:40:45,800
1883
+ and so on and so forth For next time we .. this ..
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:45,800 --> 00:40:49,980
1887
+ take this as a homework okay what you need to do
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:49,980 --> 00:40:54,150
1891
+ is to read the paragraph andcomplete the sentence
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:40:54,150 --> 00:40:56,610
1895
+ .. complete sorry the paragraph with suitable
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:40:56,610 --> 00:41:01,430
1899
+ supporting sentence ุฏู‡ thank you very much and I
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:01,430 --> 00:41:02,710
1903
+ will see you next time inshallah
1904
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/NLaxFPPt4Jw_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1724 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:20,700 --> 00:00:24,180
3
+ ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…. Good morning. How are you today? Very
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:24,180 --> 00:00:26,700
7
+ good. Very good. All right. Today we're looking at
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:26,700 --> 00:00:29,260
11
+ a very important topic and this has to do with
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:29,260 --> 00:00:31,880
15
+ getting your punctuation right.
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:51,190 --> 00:00:54,470
19
+ ุณู†ุชุงุณูŠุจ problems when these are run on sentences
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:54,470 --> 00:00:59,130
23
+ and comma splice sentences it's a it's an easy
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:59,130 --> 00:01:01,370
27
+ concept it's not a very difficult concept to
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:01:01,370 --> 00:01:05,710
31
+ understand but it's all about just writing good
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:01:05,710 --> 00:01:08,690
35
+ punctuation writing or punctuating your sentences
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:01:09,020 --> 00:01:13,520
39
+ Why is a run-on sentence? It's basically a
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:01:13,520 --> 00:01:17,200
43
+ sentence error caused by running one sentence
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:20,140
47
+ after another. For example, just consider this
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:20,140 --> 00:01:23,820
51
+ example for instance. We all like writingWe all
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:23,820 --> 00:01:28,120
55
+ love this plus we have two sentences but there is
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:28,120 --> 00:01:31,520
59
+ no punctuation marks between them. So this is a
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:31,520 --> 00:01:34,320
63
+ kind of problem that we call a run on sentence.
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:37,140
67
+ Let's just say one sentence running after another
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:37,140 --> 00:01:40,460
71
+ without any clear punctuation between them and
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:40,460 --> 00:01:43,440
75
+ this is not correct. This is actually wrong
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:47,420
79
+ punctuation. All right? We also have another
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:50,470 --> 00:01:53,710
83
+ ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ุงุณ plus which is a different kind of
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:53,710 --> 00:01:57,250
87
+ punctuation problem which is let's consider this
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:57,250 --> 00:02:02,210
91
+ example we all like writing, we all love this
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:02,210 --> 00:02:07,620
95
+ class what is wrong here?is that there are two
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:07,620 --> 00:02:11,180
99
+ sentences but there is only a comma, a poor little
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:11,180 --> 00:02:14,980
103
+ comma between them and this is again incorrect
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:14,980 --> 00:02:18,300
107
+ punctuation so next time you're going to write
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:18,300 --> 00:02:22,160
111
+ sentences, we have to avoid these kinds of run-on
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:28,420
115
+ and comma splice sentences how can we solve run-on
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:28,420 --> 00:02:31,820
119
+ and comma splice sentences? there are two easy
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:31,820 --> 00:02:35,780
123
+ ways to solve artifactsrun on and comma splice
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:35,780 --> 00:02:40,820
127
+ sentences the first one is to add a period let's
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:40,820 --> 00:02:44,060
131
+ consider this example we all like writing full
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:44,060 --> 00:02:49,660
135
+ stop okay we all love this plus so it's an easy
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:49,660 --> 00:02:53,160
139
+ solution it's just to put a comma to separate the
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:53,160 --> 00:02:56,520
143
+ two sentences all right so we all like writing we
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:56,520 --> 00:03:01,180
147
+ all love this plus all right so what is how can we
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:01,180 --> 00:03:05,950
151
+ fix this oneI received a letter it was from my
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:05,950 --> 00:03:11,050
155
+ overseas friend the solution is by putting a full
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:11,050 --> 00:03:15,930
159
+ stop just or a period between the two sentences I
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:15,930 --> 00:03:19,750
163
+ received a letter full stop it was from my
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:19,750 --> 00:03:23,470
167
+ overseas friend another example would be something
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:23,470 --> 00:03:27,120
171
+ likemy supervisor has been making a lot of changes
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:32,100
175
+ ูƒู†ุง she's really causing problems to me how can we
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:32,100 --> 00:03:38,020
179
+ fix it basically we change the ูƒู…ุง into ุฃูุฑุณุชูˆู
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:38,020 --> 00:03:40,940
183
+ and this is the way to solve one way or the first
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:40,940 --> 00:03:44,240
187
+ way to solve ูƒู…ุง spliced and run on sentence it's
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:45,880
191
+ basically replace
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:55,590 --> 00:04:03,390
195
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆู‡ูŠbasically we add a
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:03,390 --> 00:04:07,610
199
+ connector one of the fanboys I told you about last
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:07,610 --> 00:04:10,170
203
+ time that is to say we add a sub coordinating
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:10,170 --> 00:04:15,110
207
+ conjunction or one of these groups for and nor but
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:15,110 --> 00:04:19,770
211
+ or yet and so between the two sentences so that we
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:19,770 --> 00:04:22,550
215
+ can join them correctly and in the correct
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:22,550 --> 00:04:24,430
219
+ punctuation for example
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:28,380 --> 00:04:32,740
223
+ and we all love this plus so we fix the run on
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,740 --> 00:04:36,140
227
+ sentence by adding a connector by adding the
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:36,140 --> 00:04:39,660
231
+ coordinating conjunction and or any of these seven
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:39,660 --> 00:04:43,340
235
+ coordinators in the word of fanboys to correct the
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:43,340 --> 00:04:47,260
239
+ punctuation another example would be I want a
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:47,260 --> 00:04:50,680
243
+ promotion I want more vacation days this is a run
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:50,680 --> 00:04:56,200
247
+ on sentence we can fix it byูƒู…ุง and I want a
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:56,200 --> 00:05:00,440
251
+ promotion and I want more vacation days. So this
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:04,880
255
+ is actually or these are the two correct ways of
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:10,420
259
+ fixing run on and comma splice punctuation
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:10,420 --> 00:05:13,020
263
+ problems. Let's see this example. Which one is the
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:13,020 --> 00:05:16,400
267
+ correct one? Men like to shop quickly. Women like
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:16,400 --> 00:05:20,560
271
+ to browse. The correct way would bemen like to
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:25,940
275
+ shop women like to browse so the solution here is
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:25,940 --> 00:05:29,940
279
+ by adding the connector or the coordinating word
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:29,940 --> 00:05:34,900
283
+ to join the two sentences correctly is this clear?
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:37,680
287
+ yes actually it's not a very difficult concept to
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:42,800
291
+ understand okay how can we fix again my .. this is
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:42,800 --> 00:05:45,280
295
+ one example what is the problem here I don't know
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:45,280 --> 00:05:48,570
299
+ how to comma splicemy best subject is English my
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:48,570 --> 00:05:51,810
303
+ worst subject is computer science it's a run on
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:51,810 --> 00:05:55,910
307
+ sentence and here are the two ways of fixing them
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:55,910 --> 00:06:00,890
311
+ a full stop ูˆ .. ูˆ .. ูˆ .. but and we added a
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:00,890 --> 00:06:06,190
315
+ second sentence alright okay excellent alrightูˆู‡ุฐู‡
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:06,190 --> 00:06:10,770
319
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:10,770 --> 00:06:15,430
323
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ูˆุจู…ุนู†ู‰
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:15,430 --> 00:06:22,810
327
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ูˆู…ุนุงู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:22,810 --> 00:06:25,170
331
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:25,170 --> 00:06:25,330
335
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:25,330 --> 00:06:26,770
339
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:26,770 --> 00:06:34,170
343
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุซ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:36,660 --> 00:06:39,140
347
+ So this is what we should punctuate all the time
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:39,140 --> 00:06:42,200
351
+ correctly All right let's see which one is the
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:45,240
355
+ correct one the first or the second sentence The
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:45,240 --> 00:06:51,700
359
+ first sentence is the correct one college is not
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:51,700 --> 00:06:57,240
363
+ like high school full stop it is a lot harder okay
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:57,240 --> 00:06:59,840
367
+ let's see the third question the third example
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:59,840 --> 00:07:03,440
371
+ which is the correct the correctly punctuated
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:03,440 --> 00:07:06,860
375
+ sentence the first one or the second oneDo you
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:06,860 --> 00:07:10,360
379
+ agree? Second one? Yes, the second one is the
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:10,360 --> 00:07:13,040
383
+ correct one. Tanya got an excellent grade on her
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:13,040 --> 00:07:18,840
387
+ test for one of the fanboys, for she studied
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:24,160
391
+ really hard. The next one, which is the correct
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:30,860
395
+ punctuation of sentences? No, the first one. First
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:30,860 --> 00:07:34,860
399
+ one or the second one? The first one. Who says the
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:34,860 --> 00:07:39,040
403
+ first one?it's not a threat it's not a threat
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:39,040 --> 00:07:42,920
407
+ actually it's actually the second one why? because
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:45,140
411
+ for example this is not the way we correct or
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:45,140 --> 00:07:49,000
415
+ punctuate sentences using for example usually for
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:52,440
419
+ example semicolon for example ูƒู…ุง or full stop for
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:52,440 --> 00:07:56,200
423
+ example ูƒู…ุง but the correct way is actually the
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:56,200 --> 00:07:59,640
427
+ second one okay I've been given a number of new
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:59,640 --> 00:08:03,970
431
+ duties full stopand then we write the second
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:03,970 --> 00:08:07,330
435
+ sentence I now have to do all the work or all day
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:07,330 --> 00:08:12,590
439
+ finding .. filing myself okay all right which is
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:12,590 --> 00:08:15,430
443
+ the correct one the first or the second one I
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:15,430 --> 00:08:20,130
447
+ think this is the last example second yes it is
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:20,130 --> 00:08:24,150
451
+ the second one which is the correct punctuation is
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:24,150 --> 00:08:27,230
455
+ this clear all right so whenever we find a run on
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:27,230 --> 00:08:30,670
459
+ sentence which is basicallytwo sentences running
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:30,670 --> 00:08:33,570
463
+ after another without any punctuation between them
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:33,570 --> 00:08:37,290
467
+ or we have only just a comma between two sentences
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:37,290 --> 00:08:42,040
471
+ then this is incorrectูˆ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฅุตู„ุงุญู‡ู… ุฅู…ุง ุจุฅุถุงูุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:42,040 --> 00:08:45,440
475
+ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุงู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูƒุงู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:48,680
479
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ูƒุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ูƒุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:48,680 --> 00:08:50,220
483
+ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ูƒุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:50,220 --> 00:08:50,280
487
+ ูƒุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ูƒุงุฑูŠู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:52,680
491
+ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:52,680 --> 00:08:53,020
495
+ ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:53,020 --> 00:08:54,300
499
+ ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:54,300 --> 00:09:01,300
503
+ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู† ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู† ุฌูˆู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:01,300 --> 00:09:06,020
507
+ ู„ุงูŠูุชู†ุณ ู…ุฑูŠุงู†
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:08,740 --> 00:09:13,760
511
+ ูˆ ุณู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุตูุญุฉ 60 ูˆ 61 ูˆ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:13,760 --> 00:09:20,460
515
+ ู†ุนุฑู ูˆ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:20,460 --> 00:09:24,400
519
+ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:28,680
523
+ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:28,680 --> 00:09:28,780
527
+ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:28,780 --> 00:09:29,560
531
+ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:29,560 --> 00:09:34,780
535
+ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:11,180
539
+ All right let's see let's see sentence number two
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:12:11,180 --> 00:12:16,680
543
+ number two yes please kittens are cute they like
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:12:16,680 --> 00:12:20,000
547
+ to play kittens are cute and they like to play all
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:22,620
551
+ right so is this a correct sentence or a problem
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:26,360
555
+ with that punctuation here it's a comma splice
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:31,170
559
+ exactly so how we fix it kittens are cuteand they
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:31,170 --> 00:12:38,630
563
+ like to play and they like to play or full stop
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:38,630 --> 00:12:44,350
567
+ they like okay let's see number three books are
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:44,350 --> 00:12:47,370
571
+ good companions and they can also protect you this
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:47,370 --> 00:12:51,010
575
+ is correct punctuation and these are two correct
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:51,010 --> 00:12:53,910
579
+ and this is a correct sentence number four
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:59,630 --> 00:13:06,630
583
+ at strangers for dogs
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:13:06,630 --> 00:13:13,670
587
+ to bark at strangers but very nice so we have to
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:13:13,670 --> 00:13:15,850
591
+ .. this is a run on sentence there's no
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:13:15,850 --> 00:13:18,890
595
+ punctuation between the two sentences so fix it by
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:13:18,890 --> 00:13:20,670
599
+ adding a connector to it
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:13:28,240 --> 00:13:31,580
603
+ it's a correct or a correctly punctuated sentence
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:31,580 --> 00:13:42,180
607
+ number six penguins yes please it's
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:42,180 --> 00:13:49,400
611
+ a comma splice so after the comma here so they are
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:53,100
615
+ good pets blah blah blah blah okay so they are
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:53,100 --> 00:13:55,580
619
+ good pets because it's a comma splice problem here
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:55,580 --> 00:14:00,450
623
+ yes pleaseA bad elephant can fan you with his ears
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:00,450 --> 00:14:05,250
627
+ and spray you with his trunk. You won't need air
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:05,250 --> 00:14:09,550
631
+ conditioning or a shower or a spice. It's a cum
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:09,550 --> 00:14:13,910
635
+ splice. So we can say so because this is sort of a
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:13,910 --> 00:14:17,370
639
+ logical connector here. So you won't need a shower
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:17,370 --> 00:14:20,610
643
+ or air conditioning. Yes please.
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:23,730 --> 00:14:27,890
647
+ those is a lot of grass so you will never have hot
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:27,890 --> 00:14:31,950
651
+ water in your life you learn .. you learn .. so
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:31,950 --> 00:14:36,110
655
+ it's a correctly punctuated sentence all right?
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:36,450 --> 00:14:39,390
659
+ see number nine? yes number nine yes please
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:39,390 --> 00:14:43,550
663
+ giraffe can really sing on high shelves?
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:46,940 --> 00:14:51,320
667
+ very nice and it can so we need to fix it by
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:51,320 --> 00:14:56,300
671
+ adding and it can see over the heads of people at
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:56,300 --> 00:14:56,660
675
+ right
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:14:59,940 --> 00:15:04,820
679
+ both are correct as logical connectors here in
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:04,820 --> 00:15:08,800
683
+ this sentence and finally number ten number ten
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:08,800 --> 00:15:11,960
687
+ keeping a boa constructed as a pet if you enjoy
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:11,960 --> 00:15:18,200
691
+ being alone then no one will ever visit you after
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:24,260
695
+ alone we can say then all right no one will ever
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:24,260 --> 00:15:31,240
699
+ saw or we can say and thenor so then or and then
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:31,240 --> 00:15:33,840
703
+ is the correct one and then no one but it has to
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:38,900
707
+ be comma and then no one will ever visit you is
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:15:38,900 --> 00:15:43,160
711
+ this clear? all right so this is just about .. all
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:46,540
715
+ right we've got one more exercise to do before
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:15:46,540 --> 00:15:51,340
719
+ moving to a new topic all right all right let's
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:15:51,340 --> 00:15:58,220
723
+ fix let us fix theseI'll run on and cross-place
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:15:58,220 --> 00:16:03,420
727
+ sentences all rightุŸ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:03,420 --> 00:16:04,760
731
+ very quickly please
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:39,690 --> 00:16:41,610
735
+ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู…
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:35,110 --> 00:17:38,870
739
+ ุฎู„ุงุตุŸ ุฎู„ุงุตุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณู‡ู„So you can either solve
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:38,870 --> 00:17:41,250
743
+ a course by solving alone by adding a full stop
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:41,250 --> 00:17:44,050
747
+ between the two sentences or adding one of these
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:44,050 --> 00:17:47,430
751
+ co-ordinators. Yes please.The first some people
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:52,630
755
+ are friendly, full stop, I like to talk then. So
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:52,630 --> 00:17:59,930
759
+ you can prepare it. I like to talk and also I like
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:59,930 --> 00:18:00,570
763
+ to talk
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:03,150 --> 00:18:05,470
767
+ it's a hot subject you have to study everyday the
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:05,470 --> 00:18:08,130
771
+ same math is a hot subject so you have to study
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:08,130 --> 00:18:13,030
775
+ everyday so you have to study everyday all right
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:13,030 --> 00:18:19,030
779
+ over there please and
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:19,030 --> 00:18:24,730
783
+ comma and she went to the birthday party yes
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:24,730 --> 00:18:29,770
787
+ please over there so
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:29,770 --> 00:18:35,670
791
+ he got very goodWe got very wet. Very nice. Yes
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:35,670 --> 00:18:40,110
795
+ please. One day we went outside for a short coma
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:40,110 --> 00:18:49,170
799
+ and it was fun. And it was .. it was .. it was
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:49,170 --> 00:18:54,750
803
+ fun. All right. Six. Yes please. The kids last
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:54,750 --> 00:18:56,770
807
+ night they ate too much.
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:59,600 --> 00:19:04,800
811
+ and they ate too much or but they ate too much but
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:10,060
815
+ they ate too much and finally yes please the show
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:10,060 --> 00:19:12,900
819
+ begins at seven thirty make sure you are there
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:12,900 --> 00:19:18,480
823
+ before seven fifty fifteen and so so make sure you
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:27,390
827
+ are there before seven fifteen all rightwe have
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:27,390 --> 00:19:32,150
831
+ still time for one more exercise on this topic and
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:36,910
835
+ I invite you to look at the sentences here and try
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:36,910 --> 00:19:42,670
839
+ to find what sentences are considered comma-splice
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:42,670 --> 00:19:47,850
843
+ or run-on sentences in this paragraph please read
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:47,850 --> 00:19:51,030
847
+ very quickly and try to identify the run-on and
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:51,030 --> 00:19:52,470
851
+ comma-splice sentences here
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:29,820 --> 00:20:32,620
855
+ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:21:57,410 --> 00:22:01,010
859
+ how we finish? sure yes let's start we'd love to
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:22:01,010 --> 00:22:05,470
863
+ start yes please my mother doesn't own a motel and
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:22:05,470 --> 00:22:08,970
867
+ I work there as a young woman so there's a problem
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:22:08,970 --> 00:22:14,550
871
+ here with a comma here and I work there very nice
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:22:14,550 --> 00:22:18,570
875
+ and I work there as a young woman what else yes
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:22:18,570 --> 00:22:23,370
879
+ please I enjoy doing this work very much I met
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:22:23,370 --> 00:22:24,650
883
+ many interesting people
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:22:30,690 --> 00:22:34,450
887
+ I enjoyed doing this work but once I met him there
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:22:34,450 --> 00:22:39,390
891
+ is a problem here yes there is a run on here
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:22:39,390 --> 00:22:41,390
895
+ between the two sentences where there is no
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:22:41,390 --> 00:22:46,470
899
+ punctuation so we can punctuate first or comma and
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:46,470 --> 00:22:51,690
903
+ I enjoyed and I met many interesting people one
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:51,690 --> 00:22:54,230
907
+ time a family came to stay in the hotel problem?
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:54,590 --> 00:23:00,690
911
+ nothey had a daughter she was my age and she was
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:23:00,690 --> 00:23:06,430
915
+ and she was my age all right we would like to
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:23:06,430 --> 00:23:12,290
919
+ continue we we often yes ma'am we often met and
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:23:12,290 --> 00:23:16,310
923
+ talked about our lives probably no not I invited
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:23:16,310 --> 00:23:20,350
927
+ her to my house to meet my family we shared our
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:23:20,350 --> 00:23:24,530
931
+ customs with her with her later my mother told me
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:23:26,020 --> 00:23:29,680
935
+ All right problem? Yes there is a problem where is
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:34,360
939
+ it? All right we shared our customs with her later
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:34,360 --> 00:23:37,940
943
+ which .. so we have two sentences here and we need
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:37,940 --> 00:23:38,620
947
+ some punctuation
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:45,370 --> 00:23:51,430
951
+ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ุฃู…ูŠ ุฃุฎุจุฑุชู†ูŠ ุจุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠู†ุณู‰ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ุช ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู†ูƒ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:55,910
955
+ ุณุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุŒ ุฃู…ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุฐูƒูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:55,910 --> 00:24:03,430
959
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:24:03,430 --> 00:24:08,750
963
+ ุตุญูŠุญุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู†ุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉFull stop I'm still looking for.
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:08,810 --> 00:24:11,650
967
+ So what we see here are some examples of run on or
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:11,650 --> 00:24:14,910
971
+ comma slice sentences that we all the time need to
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:14,910 --> 00:24:19,690
975
+ fix them by adding a full stop or a coordinate.
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:19,970 --> 00:24:21,870
979
+ There are three more ways but we'll talk about
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:21,870 --> 00:24:25,750
983
+ them later on. Is this clear? Now let's move on to
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:25,750 --> 00:24:28,910
987
+ something else which has to do with
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:28,910 --> 00:24:31,090
991
+ capitalization.
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:32,450 --> 00:24:36,870
995
+ it's about using capital letters when do I use
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:36,870 --> 00:24:44,070
999
+ capital letters? whenever I begin a sentence I
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:44,070 --> 00:24:47,470
1003
+ have to capitalize the first letter of the first
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:47,470 --> 00:24:50,310
1007
+ word so I capitalize the beginning of sentences
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:50,310 --> 00:24:57,430
1011
+ anything else? names proper nouns we capitalize
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:57,430 --> 00:24:58,610
1015
+ them anything else?
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:01,180 --> 00:25:04,280
1019
+ famous places very nice what elseุŸ the first word
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:04,280 --> 00:25:09,740
1023
+ in a sentence very nice and nationalities
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:09,740 --> 00:25:15,220
1027
+ religions languages and so on and abbreviations or
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:15,220 --> 00:25:18,140
1031
+ acronyms very very nice alright let's just go over
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:18,140 --> 00:25:21,420
1035
+ them and just to remind you if you forgot any of
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:21,420 --> 00:25:26,980
1039
+ these rules on when I capitalize words alright
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:27,830 --> 00:25:31,490
1043
+ correctly all right so it is the first word in a
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:31,490 --> 00:25:36,490
1047
+ sentence names of people places and things or
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:36,490 --> 00:25:40,150
1051
+ specific things that we refer to titles of books
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:40,150 --> 00:25:46,580
1055
+ of magazines of and so on and days and monthsmust
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:46,580 --> 00:25:49,860
1059
+ okay let's just have some examples to illustrate
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:49,860 --> 00:25:54,120
1063
+ these ideas so the easiest rule is whenever I
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:54,120 --> 00:25:57,260
1067
+ start a sentence I have to capitalize it okay this
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:57,260 --> 00:26:00,500
1071
+ might be something negligible something that some
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:00,500 --> 00:26:03,640
1075
+ that some students forget but always make sure
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:06,540
1079
+ that you capitalize your sentences the beginning
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:06,540 --> 00:26:10,500
1083
+ of your sentences okay for example he went for
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:26:10,500 --> 00:26:15,930
1087
+ store for the store for men or wait orthere is the
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:15,930 --> 00:26:19,410
1091
+ book you plus so capitalize the first the
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:19,410 --> 00:26:21,470
1095
+ beginning of the sentence with a capital letter
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:21,470 --> 00:26:26,950
1099
+ another example is capitalize proper nouns for
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:26:26,950 --> 00:26:30,790
1103
+ example Georgia, Washington for example or also
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:30,790 --> 00:26:36,300
1107
+ the names of specific placesุฃูˆ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:40,280
1111
+ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:45,220
1115
+ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆูŠู†ุชุฑุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฃู„ู…ุจูŠูƒุณุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:26:45,220 --> 00:26:47,880
1119
+ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:26:47,880 --> 00:26:49,800
1123
+ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:50,220
1127
+ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:26:50,220 --> 00:26:50,240
1131
+ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:26:50,240 --> 00:27:00,000
1135
+ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฏูŠุฒู†ูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฏ ูˆู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุบุงุฒุงุŒ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:04,580
1139
+ ู…ุฏGood night too. Notice that we capitalize the
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:27:04,580 --> 00:27:09,540
1143
+ two words. Or finding Nemo. Or local team goes to
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:27:09,540 --> 00:27:12,920
1147
+ save finals. Notice here the last one, the last
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:16,760
1151
+ title or headline. Why did I not capitalize too?
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:27:17,830 --> 00:27:21,030
1155
+ because it's a preposition and also it's a
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:27:21,030 --> 00:27:23,970
1159
+ preposition that is less than fewer than four
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:27:23,970 --> 00:27:27,390
1163
+ letters so any preposition that is fewer than
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:27:27,390 --> 00:27:31,050
1167
+ three four letters then we don't capitalize it so
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:27:31,050 --> 00:27:34,450
1171
+ a word like in is not capitalized in titles a word
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:27:34,450 --> 00:27:39,170
1175
+ like at is not capitalized in titles because it is
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:27:39,170 --> 00:27:43,790
1179
+ less than three or four letters all right okay so
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:44,730 --> 00:27:49,730
1183
+ ู„ู†ุฑู‰ Alice adventures in wonderland ู„ุง ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:27:49,730 --> 00:27:55,910
1187
+ N ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒููŠุชุงู„ูŠุฒูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 4
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:28:00,040 --> 00:28:05,340
1191
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆ ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ู†ุญูุฒ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:28:05,340 --> 00:28:09,580
1195
+ ู…ุงู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุชูŠูˆุฒูŠุฏูŠุŒ ูˆู†ุณุฏูŠุŒ ุชุฑุณุฏูŠ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ุฃุดู‡ุฑ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:28:09,580 --> 00:28:16,120
1199
+ ูŠูˆู„ูŠูˆุŒ ุฃุบุณุทุณุŒ ุณุจุชู…ุจุฑุŒ ูุจูŠุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุญูุฒูˆู† ู„ูƒู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:28:16,120 --> 00:28:19,940
1203
+ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุนุงู…ุŒ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:28:19,940 --> 00:28:23,660
1207
+ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:28:23,660 --> 00:28:24,520
1211
+ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:28:24,520 --> 00:28:24,840
1215
+ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:30,940
1219
+ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒfor example the ููˆู„ุฉ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:30,940 --> 00:28:34,420
1223
+ festival the autumn festival it's part of the name
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:34,420 --> 00:28:39,040
1227
+ so it is in this case capitalized all right or
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:43,260
1231
+ when they begin of course the sentence it is also
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:28:43,260 --> 00:28:47,040
1235
+ another case of capitalizing seasons is this clear
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:53,110
1239
+ all rightNow let's do the exercise here first. Try
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:28:53,110 --> 00:28:56,830
1243
+ to capitalize where necessary before we move on to
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:28:56,830 --> 00:28:59,490
1247
+ talk about the exercise in your textbook. So
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:28:59,490 --> 00:29:04,650
1251
+ capitalize where necessary in these sentences. You
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:29:04,650 --> 00:29:06,130
1255
+ may take some notes of course.
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:29:54,210 --> 00:29:56,010
1259
+ ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู†
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:30:27,430 --> 00:30:30,090
1263
+ All right? Yes. All right. Very nice. Yes please.
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:30:30,250 --> 00:30:33,210
1267
+ The first one. You really only have one golden
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:30:33,210 --> 00:30:35,970
1271
+ chance to get a reputation. We capitalized on you.
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:30:35,970 --> 00:30:39,290
1275
+ We capitalized on you because it is the beginning
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:30:39,290 --> 00:30:42,930
1279
+ of a sentence. Very nice. Yes please. I'm going to
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:30:42,930 --> 00:30:46,210
1283
+ the bar with my friends Cathy and Bart. We
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:30:46,210 --> 00:30:49,710
1287
+ capitalized on them. Cathy and Bart. Yes because
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:30:49,710 --> 00:30:55,410
1291
+ they are rappers. Next. Okay. Cathy and Bart.
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:55,610 --> 00:30:58,930
1295
+ Okay. Yes please.Paul's classical includes
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:58,930 --> 00:31:02,250
1299
+ American history, Spanish, English as well, values
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:31:02,250 --> 00:31:08,610
1303
+ of .. Paul is capital letter M American Spanish
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:31:08,610 --> 00:31:10,950
1307
+ English
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:31:12,130 --> 00:31:15,590
1311
+ English English because there are names of .. but
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:31:15,590 --> 00:31:19,150
1315
+ no it's not capitalized because it's a common noun
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:31:19,150 --> 00:31:25,350
1319
+ not a name of a language or a nationality. Yes
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:31:25,350 --> 00:31:27,530
1323
+ please. The Chicago river run into the Mississippi
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:31:27,530 --> 00:31:28,730
1327
+ valley waterway.
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:31:35,430 --> 00:31:38,870
1331
+ very nice water water why it's not capitalized all
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:41,510
1335
+ right because this is the name of a specific place
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:31:41,510 --> 00:31:45,730
1339
+ that we can find on the map so it is capitalized
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:31:45,730 --> 00:31:49,950
1343
+ yes please very
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:31:49,950 --> 00:31:53,110
1347
+ nice
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:31:53,110 --> 00:31:58,450
1351
+ missus the M is capitalized and Clark and M is
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:58,450 --> 00:32:06,100
1355
+ capitalized yes pleaseู‡ู†ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุจ ุชูˆูƒ asked ุชูƒุณุณ ุงู„ R
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:12,140
1359
+ capital letter ุงู„ U K capital letter ุฑ and ุชูƒุณุณ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:32:12,140 --> 00:32:16,340
1363
+ very nice and ุชูƒุณุณ is also a name of a place my
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:32:16,340 --> 00:32:20,700
1367
+ aunt and I picked up the papers ุงู„ M my and I very
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:32:20,700 --> 00:32:25,480
1371
+ nice my and I picked up the papers and finally
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:31,960
1375
+ she's so snow white when she was half years oldshe
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:32:31,960 --> 00:32:39,180
1379
+ had snow white when she was first so it's the name
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:32:39,180 --> 00:32:46,520
1383
+ of a cartoon or a film number three why we didn't
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:32:46,520 --> 00:32:51,460
1387
+ capitalize math because it's not a it's just a
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:32:51,460 --> 00:32:54,720
1391
+ subject it's not a name of a subject like English
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:32:54,720 --> 00:32:57,580
1395
+ or Spanish or anything like this this is something
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:32:57,580 --> 00:33:00,340
1399
+ that we need to look at on page 16 in your page
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:33:00,340 --> 00:33:01,020
1403
+ all right
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:33:05,930 --> 00:33:10,750
1407
+ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:33:10,750 --> 00:33:12,770
1411
+ ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:33:15,600 --> 00:33:18,600
1415
+ Capitalize the first word in a sentence like my
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,980
1419
+ neighbor is a mechanic. The pronoun I is always
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:33:21,980 --> 00:33:24,720
1423
+ capitalized. Some students forget to capitalize I.
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:33:24,980 --> 00:33:28,640
1427
+ It's always capitalized regardless of where it is.
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:33:28,920 --> 00:33:32,020
1431
+ And number three, names of people and their
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:33:32,020 --> 00:33:36,260
1435
+ titles. For example, King Abdullah II. Notice that
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:33:36,260 --> 00:33:39,980
1439
+ King is capitalized and Abdullah is capitalized.
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:33:40,020 --> 00:33:45,670
1443
+ We're talking about page 16.ูˆุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุจูˆุทู† P ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:33:45,670 --> 00:33:51,430
1447
+ P ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงูŠุถุง Professor Indiana Jones ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:51,430 --> 00:33:56,990
1451
+ ุงุณู… ุงู„professor ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ Indiana Jones ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงูŠุถุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:56,990 --> 00:34:04,330
1455
+ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุงุณู… ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุณู… ู…ุซู„ุง king ุงูŠ king ู„ูŠุณ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:34:04,330 --> 00:34:11,050
1459
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู„ูŠุฆ ุจุงู„ุงุณู… ู‡ู„ ู…ุงุชุช ููŠ ู…ุฏุฑุณุชูƒุŸ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:34:11,310 --> 00:34:14,970
1463
+ professor professor is not capitalized because
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:34:14,970 --> 00:34:18,650
1467
+ it's a title without a name also but notice
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:34:18,650 --> 00:34:22,910
1471
+ sometimes if the title refers to a specific person
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:34:22,910 --> 00:34:28,450
1475
+ we capitalize for example the president P here is
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:34:28,450 --> 00:34:30,770
1479
+ the president of the united states the president
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:34:30,770 --> 00:34:34,110
1483
+ of palestineP here is capitalized because it
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:34:34,110 --> 00:34:38,070
1487
+ refers to only a specific person and therefore we
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:34:38,070 --> 00:34:40,770
1491
+ capitalize the P. Is this clear? Yes. Yes.
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:34:41,230 --> 00:34:43,510
1495
+ Nationalities, we know this. Nationalities,
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:43,930 --> 00:34:47,550
1499
+ languages, religions and ethnic groups are always
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:47,550 --> 00:34:50,490
1503
+ capitalized. For example Jewish, Christian,
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:50,710 --> 00:34:53,790
1507
+ Muslim, Hispanic, Swedish, English, Palestinian
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:53,790 --> 00:34:57,810
1511
+ are always capitalized. Names of school courses
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:57,810 --> 00:35:04,160
1515
+ with numbers. For examplepsychology 101 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:08,040
1519
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุชุชุจุน ุนู†
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:12,960
1523
+ ุฑู‚ู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุญูุธุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุชุชุจุน ุนู† ุฑู‚ู…ุŒ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:17,790 --> 00:35:24,930
1527
+ ููŠุฒูŠูƒูŠุง 3 5 2 ู‡ูŠ ูƒูุชู„ุฒุฉ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ 101 ูˆ ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:24,930 --> 00:35:29,670
1531
+ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูŠุณ ูƒูุชู„ุฒุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุง ูƒูุชู„ุฒุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:29,670 --> 00:35:36,490
1535
+ ุงุณู… ู†ationality ูˆุฎู„ุงุต ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:36,490 --> 00:35:41,550
1539
+ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูู„ุฒู‡ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ู†ุนู… ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุชู‡ูŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:41,550 --> 00:35:45,730
1543
+ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุชุจุฉ 18and the
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:45,730 --> 00:35:48,770
1547
+ paragraph on national daily I'd like you to
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:48,770 --> 00:35:52,750
1551
+ capitalize where necessary alright very quickly
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:52,750 --> 00:35:53,130
1555
+ please
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:36:30,570 --> 00:36:32,730
1559
+ ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:39:09,490 --> 00:39:13,610
1563
+ My name is Nelson Mandela and I have had an
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:39:13,610 --> 00:39:14,470
1567
+ unusual life
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:39:29,540 --> 00:39:32,340
1571
+ I have been both a prisoner and a prisoner to my
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:39:32,340 --> 00:39:36,860
1575
+ country, we capitalized I. I have been both ..
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:39:36,860 --> 00:39:39,740
1579
+ hold on a sec just .. just to fix up this thing
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:39:51,010 --> 00:40:03,170
1583
+ I was born
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:40:03,170 --> 00:40:08,770
1587
+ in 1918 in a small village in South Africa. South
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:40:08,770 --> 00:40:11,750
1591
+ Africa is capitalized because it refers to a
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:40:11,750 --> 00:40:14,930
1595
+ specific location. Yes please.
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:23,540
1599
+ Henry and Mandela was the chief of our .. was the
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:40:23,540 --> 00:40:25,640
1603
+ chief of our tribe. There's no capitalization
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:40:25,640 --> 00:40:30,860
1607
+ here. As a child I took care of the family's
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:40:30,860 --> 00:40:37,360
1611
+ cattle and goats. Alright? Yes please. When I grew
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:40:37,360 --> 00:40:44,380
1615
+ up I decided to become a lawyer. This seemed to be
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:40:49,450 --> 00:40:56,210
1619
+ ูˆ ุฃุตุจุญุช ุฑุฆูŠุณุฉ ูุฑูŠู‚ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ูŠู†
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:40:56,210 --> 00:41:00,030
1623
+ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃุฑุงุฏูˆุง
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:41:00,030 --> 00:41:06,890
1627
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:41:09,100 --> 00:41:15,760
1631
+ I went to prison for twenty seven years.The prison
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:41:15,760 --> 00:41:19,760
1635
+ was in a port in the island.Is island capitalized
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:25,200
1639
+ here?No it is not a specific location.And now the
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:30,640
1643
+ Atlantic ocean are centralized.However, the one
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:41:30,640 --> 00:41:35,380
1647
+ that forget about me, I received important
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:41:35,380 --> 00:41:39,670
1651
+ business awards and new efforts.ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃุชุนู„ู…
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:41:39,670 --> 00:41:46,530
1655
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูุฑู†ุณุง
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:42:06,170 --> 00:42:12,730
1659
+ white for south Africans of course I also speak
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:42:12,730 --> 00:42:16,530
1663
+ English and Posa which is also a name of a
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:42:16,530 --> 00:42:21,790
1667
+ language Posa which is the language of my tribe in
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:42:21,790 --> 00:42:30,790
1671
+ 1990 I was 33 I became the president of South
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:42:30,790 --> 00:42:31,270
1675
+ Africa
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:42:35,410 --> 00:42:41,350
1679
+ ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:42:41,350 --> 00:42:42,390
1683
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:42:42,390 --> 00:42:43,570
1687
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:42:43,570 --> 00:42:46,850
1691
+ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:42:46,850 --> 00:42:48,570
1695
+ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:42:48,570 --> 00:42:50,490
1699
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:42:50,490 --> 00:42:52,070
1703
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:42:52,070 --> 00:43:00,710
1707
+ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:43:00,880 --> 00:43:03,640
1711
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงุถุฑุŒ ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู†
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:43:03,640 --> 00:43:06,680
1715
+ ุชุฏูุนูˆุง ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู…ูƒู… ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู†ู‡ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:43:06,680 --> 00:43:10,040
1719
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุงู…ูˆู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุงู…ูˆู†ุง ุจู‡ุง
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:43:10,040 --> 00:43:15,660
1723
+ ูˆู‚ุงู…ูˆู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุงู…ูˆู†ุง
1724
+
SKIP:::PL9fwy3NUQKwbknFHzECJkgNOSFOth6GiS/NLaxFPPt4Jw_raw.json ADDED
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