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+1
+00:00:01,530 --> 00:00:02,730
+In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
+
+2
+00:00:03,430 --> 00:00:07,030
+We continue the lectures on Geometric Optics and 
+
+3
+00:00:07,030 --> 00:00:12,230
+we talked in lecture 21 about the Lensmaker's 
+
+4
+00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:17,150
+Equation and in lecture 22 about the two basics 
+
+5
+00:00:17,150 --> 00:00:22,510
+that I use from the Lensmaker's Equation which are 
+
+6
+00:00:22,510 --> 00:00:26,550
+first of all the image location, the image location 
+
+7
+00:00:26,550 --> 00:00:29,690
+or image distance is related to the location of 
+
+8
+00:00:29,690 --> 00:00:31,750
+the object. If the location of the object changes, 
+
+9
+00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:34,830
+the location of the image changes. This is one 
+
+10
+00:00:34,830 --> 00:00:38,550
+point. The second point is that the image location 
+
+11
+00:00:38,550 --> 00:00:41,330
+is also related to R, which is half the magnitude 
+
+12
+00:00:41,330 --> 00:00:44,700
+of the spherical refracting surface. In the form of 
+
+13
+00:00:44,700 --> 00:00:49,420
+a reflecting surface, is it more than half a small 
+
+14
+00:00:49,420 --> 00:00:54,060
+drop, or less than half a large drop, which also 
+
+15
+00:00:54,060 --> 00:00:57,960
+affects the location of the image, and these are 
+
+16
+00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:03,500
+the two main things that we learned from the 
+
+17
+00:01:03,500 --> 00:01:07,430
+lensmaker's equation. And we said that the power of 
+
+18
+00:01:07,430 --> 00:01:11,550
+the refracting surface is N minus N divided by R 
+
+19
+00:01:11,550 --> 00:01:14,490
+Now we want to say that the refracted power 
+
+20
+00:01:16,910 --> 00:01:20,190
+Strictly speaking applies to spherical surfaces, 
+
+21
+00:01:20,510 --> 00:01:23,650
+but the cornea is not spherical. It is known that 
+
+22
+00:01:23,650 --> 00:01:28,310
+the Lensmakers equation was derived by using a 
+
+23
+00:01:28,310 --> 00:01:30,990
+spherical refracting surface, and by 
+
+24
+00:01:30,990 --> 00:01:34,830
+approximations, approximations, that is, it was 
+
+25
+00:01:34,830 --> 00:01:37,010
+transmitted to the Lensmakers equation, that is, 
+
+26
+00:01:37,150 --> 00:01:41,080
+it was treated only with a spherical refracting 
+
+27
+00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:44,860
+surface, spherical refracting surface so that we 
+
+28
+00:01:44,860 --> 00:01:48,860
+don't get the targets of the normal surface, the 
+
+29
+00:01:48,860 --> 00:01:53,360
+empty targets which are x and y and z, but just 
+
+30
+00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:57,280
+the point where the para-axial ray touched, where 
+
+31
+00:01:57,280 --> 00:02:01,260
+the surface of the spherical refracting service 
+
+32
+00:02:01,260 --> 00:02:03,840
+extends from the center of the service to this 
+
+33
+00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:07,140
+point, a line, and extends again until it becomes 
+
+34
+00:02:07,140 --> 00:02:10,660
+the normal service. So when we talk about power, we 
+
+35
+00:02:10,660 --> 00:02:14,780
+mean the spherical services, that is, the word 
+
+36
+00:02:14,780 --> 00:02:18,860
+refractive power is applied only in case of 
+
+37
+00:02:18,860 --> 00:02:22,200
+spherical surface, but the cornea is not spherical 
+
+38
+00:02:22,200 --> 00:02:26,860
+I can't say the power of the cornea, although many 
+
+39
+00:02:26,860 --> 00:02:34,360
+people deal with the cornea as a lens or optical 
+
+40
+00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:37,800
+system, they say the corneal power or they give 
+
+41
+00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:41,540
+numbers to the corneal power, so the cornea is not 
+
+42
+00:02:41,540 --> 00:02:45,080
+spherical, but the cornea is 
+
+43
+00:02:48,010 --> 00:02:51,350
+more steep in the middle and towards the edges 
+
+44
+00:02:56,270 --> 00:03:00,230
+more steep centrally, and more flat peripherally. 
+
+45
+00:03:00,410 --> 00:03:11,430
+Aspheric, we call it an aspheric surface. In general, 
+
+46
+00:03:11,810 --> 00:03:15,210
+every point on an aspheric surface is associated with 
+
+47
+00:03:15,210 --> 00:03:19,230
+infinitely many curvatures. There is no such thing 
+
+48
+00:03:19,230 --> 00:03:22,070
+as a single radius of curvature. 
+
+49
+00:03:25,060 --> 00:03:28,880
+Now if I say, at this point that I'm pointing at, 
+
+50
+00:03:29,180 --> 00:03:32,240
+this point, let's put an arrow on it, let's say 
+
+51
+00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:41,600
+point A for example, at this point, at 
+
+52
+00:03:41,600 --> 00:03:46,160
+this point which is next to number 6, how much is R? 
+
+53
+00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:48,800
+How much is the radius of curvature? This point or 
+
+54
+00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:52,720
+this part of the cone can by itself without the 
+
+55
+00:03:52,720 --> 00:03:56,560
+cone being a part of a sphere and has a radius of 
+
+56
+00:03:56,560 --> 00:04:02,840
+curvature. The next point has another curve 
+
+57
+00:04:10,540 --> 00:04:13,280
+The point that follows has another curve, so point 
+
+58
+00:04:13,280 --> 00:04:15,300
+B for example, that I pointed at with the arrow, 
+
+59
+00:04:15,840 --> 00:04:18,720
+and the point that I pointed at with the first 
+
+60
+00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:21,960
+arrow, this curve is curved and this curve is 
+
+61
+00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:24,040
+different from it, it is like the nature of the 
+
+62
+00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:27,760
+aspherical, the aspherical refracting surfaces, 
+
+63
+00:04:28,320 --> 00:04:32,320
+that every point from it has half a drop for 
+
+64
+00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:34,220
+itself, which is different from half a drop, which 
+
+65
+00:04:34,220 --> 00:04:36,900
+means half a drop of point B is different from 
+
+66
+00:04:36,900 --> 00:04:39,100
+half a drop of point A, is different from minus 
+
+67
+00:04:39,100 --> 00:04:41,720
+half a drop, which means that there is a very 
+
+68
+00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:45,200
+large number of curves because the surface of the 
+
+69
+00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:50,320
+sphere is not spherical. So, contrary to the ball, 
+
+70
+00:04:50,780 --> 00:04:53,160
+contrary to the ball, if we imagine that this is a 
+
+71
+00:04:53,160 --> 00:04:55,020
+spherical surface, a spherical surface, I swear to 
+
+72
+00:04:55,020 --> 00:04:57,720
+God, R equals, for example, six and a half 
+
+73
+00:04:57,720 --> 00:05:01,020
+millimeters, which means R is equal to six and a 
+
+74
+00:05:01,020 --> 00:05:03,200
+half millimeters at each point high, at each point 
+
+75
+00:05:03,200 --> 00:05:06,920
+high, at each point high, at each point high, at 
+
+76
+00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:08,540
+each point high, at each point high, at each point 
+
+77
+00:05:08,540 --> 00:05:08,800
+high, at each point high, at each point high, at 
+
+78
+00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:09,040
+each point high, at each point high, at each point 
+
+79
+00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:09,880
+high, at each point high, at each point high, at 
+
+80
+00:05:09,880 --> 00:05:10,380
+each point high, at each point high, at each point 
+
+81
+00:05:10,380 --> 00:05:10,880
+high, at each point high, at each point high, at 
+
+82
+00:05:10,880 --> 00:05:11,340
+each point high, at each point high, at each point 
+
+83
+00:05:11,340 --> 00:05:13,880
+high, at each point high, at each point high, at 
+
+84
+00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:13,900
+each point high, at each point high, at each point 
+
+85
+00:05:13,900 --> 00:05:25,320
+each point high, at each point high, at each 
+
+86
+00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:30,780
+point high, at each point high, until its center is 
+
+87
+00:05:30,780 --> 00:05:36,000
+a line, and this line is equal no matter how 
+
+88
+00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:42,320
+different the point is on the surface, so in 
+
+89
+00:05:42,320 --> 00:05:45,540
+general, every point on an aspheric surface is 
+
+90
+00:05:45,540 --> 00:05:49,280
+associated with infinitely many curvatures there, 
+
+91
+00:05:49,280 --> 00:05:53,000
+is no such thing as a single radius of curvature 
+
+92
+00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:56,340
+unlike the spherical surface, the aspheric surface 
+
+93
+00:05:56,340 --> 00:06:01,970
+has a large number of which is half of which is 
+
+94
+00:06:01,970 --> 00:06:04,830
+greater than or equal to, I can't say that the 
+
+95
+00:06:04,830 --> 00:06:07,270
+radius of the aspheric surface is equal to this 
+
+96
+00:06:07,270 --> 00:06:10,490
+because it is equal to this at the point C, but it 
+
+97
+00:06:10,490 --> 00:06:13,570
+is equal to a different value at the point C and a 
+
+98
+00:06:13,570 --> 00:06:16,630
+third value at point I and so on, but for the 
+
+99
+00:06:16,630 --> 00:06:20,250
+spherical surface بقول نصف القطر يساوي كذا، معناته 
+
+100
+00:06:20,250 --> 00:06:24,430
+كل أنصاف أقطار الكرة واحدة. The sphere is a very 
+
+101
+00:06:24,430 --> 00:06:27,630
+special case, a single radius of curvature 
+
+102
+00:06:27,630 --> 00:06:31,550
+characterizes the entire sphere. يعني لما أقول نصف 
+
+103
+00:06:31,550 --> 00:06:36,030
+قطر، أسمي نصف قطر واحد، معناته أنا بعطي وصف كامل 
+
+104
+00:06:36,030 --> 00:06:41,610
+لكل سفير لأنه لن يتغير نصف الكرة أو نصف القطر لهذه 
+
+105
+00:06:41,610 --> 00:06:45,120
+ال sphere. A single radius of curvature can 
+
+106
+00:06:45,120 --> 00:06:47,800
+characterize no other shape 
+
+107
+00:06:50,740 --> 00:06:54,520
+to shape, and I say that half of the ball will 
+
+108
+00:06:54,520 --> 00:06:56,720
+give me a complete description of any shape, we 
+
+109
+00:06:56,720 --> 00:06:58,980
+will say spherical shape. 
+
+110
+00:07:22,340 --> 00:07:25,720
+And no refractive power should not ... and 
+
+111
+00:07:25,720 --> 00:07:28,500
+refractive power should not be applied to non-
+
+112
+00:07:28,500 --> 00:07:32,300
+spherical surfaces. يعني الكورنيا بمعنىها أسفرق مش 
+
+113
+00:07:32,300 --> 00:07:36,340
+spherical surface, معناته الصحيح إن ما أستعملش كلمة 
+
+114
+00:07:36,340 --> 00:07:39,920
+refractive power, refractive power. مع أنه تجاوزا 
+
+115
+00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:45,460
+يعني في كتير من اللي هو العلماء و الأطباء و ما إلى 
+
+116
+00:07:45,460 --> 00:07:49,430
+ذلك بستعملوا و بقول corneal power, corneal power. In 
+
+117
+00:07:49,430 --> 00:07:53,310
+addition, power is a para-axial concept, thus it 
+
+118
+00:07:53,310 --> 00:07:56,750
+applies only to small areas near the optical axis 
+
+119
+00:08:06,940 --> 00:08:10,700
+minus n over r. All our work with the paraaxial 
+
+120
+00:08:10,700 --> 00:08:14,100
+ray, and this word will be true, the word power 
+
+121
+00:08:14,100 --> 00:08:17,920
+will be true only for the paraaxial ray, for the 
+
+122
+00:08:17,920 --> 00:08:21,560
+paraaxial ray, we have this ball 
+
+123
+00:08:23,360 --> 00:08:29,040
+نصف قطر واحد بيدل انه R. لو قلنا R تساوي اتنين صنطي 
+
+124
+00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:33,660
+معناته R لهنا اتنين صنطي وR لهنا اتنين صنطي وR لأى 
+
+125
+00:08:33,660 --> 00:08:38,560
+نقطة على السطح اتنين صنطي هنا, spherical surface 
+
+126
+00:08:38,560 --> 00:08:41,980
+spherical surface, اللى احنا هاد الرسمة اللى 
+
+127
+00:08:41,980 --> 00:08:47,700
+استنتجنا منها اللى هو lens makers equation. We say 
+
+128
+00:08:47,700 --> 00:08:49,560
+as follows, what is the difference between sphere 
+
+129
+00:08:49,560 --> 00:09:17,180
+and spherical surface?
+
+130
+00:09:17,240 --> 00:09:20,460
+And here I have a ball. The spherical surface and 
+
+131
+00:09:20,460 --> 00:09:23,520
+the ball are all spherical, spherical, spherical, 
+
+132
+00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:25,000
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+133
+00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:25,560
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+134
+00:09:25,560 --> 00:09:25,700
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+135
+00:09:25,700 --> 00:09:26,460
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+136
+00:09:26,460 --> 00:09:27,540
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+137
+00:09:27,540 --> 00:09:28,300
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+138
+00:09:28,300 --> 00:09:28,480
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+139
+00:09:28,480 --> 00:09:29,400
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+140
+00:09:29,400 --> 00:09:30,000
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+141
+00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:31,280
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+142
+00:09:31,280 --> 00:09:31,300
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+143
+00:09:31,300 --> 00:09:31,320
+spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical, spherical 
+
+144
+00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:46,480
+sphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalsphericalspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspiracspir
+
+145
+00:09:48,380 --> 00:09:53,320
+بالنسبة لل power أنا بحكي power لما أكون أنا ب .. 
+
+146
+00:09:53,320 --> 00:09:57,360
+ب .. أتبع في ال paraxial rays بحكي power لما يكون 
+
+147
+00:09:57,360 --> 00:10:01,060
+في عندى spherical surface مش aspheric surface.
+
+148
+00:10:01,060 --> 00:10:05,360
+Power is .. is not applicable to non-paraxial 
+
+149
+00:10:05,360 --> 00:10:10,080
+regions of the cornea, ال cornea .. ال cornea بعض 
+
+150
+00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:13,400
+العلماء بعتبروها أنه في المركز دا هتعتبر سفير يعني 
+
+151
+00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:18,690
+الجزء هذا يعتبر سفير. The peripheral region of the 
+
+152
+00:10:18,690 --> 00:10:23,330
+cornea is not spherical, but it becomes more flat, 
+
+153
+00:10:23,430 --> 00:10:27,930
+more flat. Some scientists say that the central 2 
+
+154
+00:10:27,930 --> 00:10:31,890
+mm or 3 mm of the cornea is considered spherical 
+
+155
+00:10:31,890 --> 00:10:34,730
+in the sense of the word sphere, and because of 
+
+156
+00:10:34,730 --> 00:10:39,180
+that وطبعا من هذه النقطة او من هذه المنطقة هتدخل ال 
+
+157
+00:10:39,180 --> 00:10:43,220
+paraxial rays ال paraxial rays, فبالتالي انا اذا 
+
+158
+00:10:43,220 --> 00:10:47,080
+بدأ اجي اقول corneal power, بدأ اقتصر على ال 
+
+159
+00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:52,140
+paraxial rays, على ال paraxial rays. Power is not 
+
+160
+00:10:52,140 --> 00:10:57,020
+applicable, لأ يمكن يعني تطبيق كلمة power على ال 
+
+161
+00:10:57,020 --> 00:11:00,000
+non-paraxial regions of the corner. In the 
+
+162
+00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:03,800
+paraxial region, imaging is stigmatic, ال paraxial 
+
+163
+00:11:03,800 --> 00:11:07,080
+rays focus to a common point, بس ال paraxial ray 
+
+164
+00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:11,280
+وعددها قليل, even for spherical surfaces outside 
+
+165
+00:11:11,280 --> 00:11:15,240
+the paraxial region rays do not focus to a single 
+
+166
+00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:15,720
+point. 
+
+167
+00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:28,820
+Paraxial rays focus on single point, but 
+
+168
+00:11:28,820 --> 00:11:32,220
+non 
+
+169
+00:11:32,220 --> 00:11:36,280
+-paraxial rays focus on various locations. 
+
+170
+00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:45,580
+طبعا الأشعة ككل مع بعضها بتعطيني صورة مش stigmatic 
+
+171
+00:11:45,580 --> 00:11:51,680
+لإنه مش كل الأشعة بتكون focus to a single point. 
+
+172
+00:11:51,680 --> 00:11:55,640
+إذا .. إذا ال para axial rays focus to a single 
+
+173
+00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:59,300
+point, بينما ال non para axial ray اللي عددها أكبر 
+
+174
+00:11:59,300 --> 00:12:04,320
+بتعطيني point spread function, يعني مش stigmatic 
+
+175
+00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:10,430
+imaging .. مش stigmatic imaging. That is, away from 
+
+176
+00:12:10,430 --> 00:12:13,710
+the para-axial region, rays do not focus as 
+
+177
+00:12:13,710 --> 00:12:17,850
+predicted when the lensmaker's equation is used. 
+
+178
+00:12:22,450 --> 00:12:25,650
+I use it to say where is the image of the x-ray, 
+
+179
+00:12:25,710 --> 00:12:33,990
+if I take this example and apply lens maker 
+
+180
+00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:37,710
+equation, minus n over o plus condition minus n 
+
+181
+00:12:37,710 --> 00:12:41,290
+over r equals n condition over i, it will give me 
+
+182
+00:12:41,290 --> 00:12:43,960
+the location of the image here. Where did the focus 
+
+183
+00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:46,140
+go to the para-axial ray? Because the lensmakers 
+
+184
+00:12:46,140 --> 00:12:50,480
+equation was produced by using the para-axial 
+
+185
+00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:54,420
+rays. So it will give me the image that formed at 
+
+186
+00:12:54,420 --> 00:12:58,180
+this point, and not give me the place where the 
+
+187
+00:12:58,18
+
+223
+00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:38,160
+Second thing, parallel rays, which means parallel
+
+224
+00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:42,600
+rays to each other These parallel rays to each 
+
+225
+00:15:42,600 --> 00:15:46,370
+other, every time they shine in spaceكل ما ضالت 
+
+226
+00:15:46,370 --> 00:15:49,950
+المسافة اللي بين الأشعة الضوئية نفس المسافة
+
+227
+00:15:49,950 --> 00:15:54,930
+ماتغيرتش لأنها مش divergent ولا convergent النوع
+
+228
+00:15:54,930 --> 00:15:59,570
+التالت convergent rateconvergent rays, meaning 
+
+229
+00:15:59,570 --> 00:16:03,830
+collected rays, if they are not collected but 
+
+230
+00:16:03,830 --> 00:16:08,610
+collected, they are called convergent rays and we
+
+231
+00:16:08,610 --> 00:16:12,790
+can call them divergence positive, so divergent
+
+232
+00:16:12,790 --> 00:16:16,010
+rays divergent rays, this is the first case that 
+
+233
+00:16:16,010 --> 00:16:19,870
+can have light rays that started from point A 
+
+234
+00:16:19,870 --> 00:16:24,950
+divergent rays, the second thing is to be parallel 
+
+235
+00:16:24,950 --> 00:16:28,830
+raysتالت حاجة أنها تكون convergence، يا إما
+
+236
+00:16:28,830 --> 00:16:33,190
+متشتتة، يا إما متوازية، يا إما متجمعة، لا توجد
+
+237
+00:16:33,190 --> 00:16:37,710
+حالة تشتتية أخرى، الضوء إما بيكون متشتت أو متوازي،
+
+238
+00:16:37,710 --> 00:16:41,230
+موازي لبعض لبعض أو متجمع، فال convergence يقصد دي
+
+239
+00:16:41,230 --> 00:16:47,190
+الحالة التشتتية للضوء Light rays emanating from a
+
+240
+00:16:47,190 --> 00:16:51,470
+single object point spread apart and are referred
+
+241
+00:16:51,470 --> 00:16:56,470
+to as divergentLight rays travelling towards an
+
+242
+00:16:56,470 --> 00:16:59,710
+image point after passing through an optical lens
+
+243
+00:16:59,710 --> 00:17:03,370
+come together and are referred to as convergence
+
+244
+00:17:03,370 --> 00:17:06,710
+The light that comes out of the point diverges in 
+
+245
+00:17:06,710 --> 00:17:14,610
+all directions and is called divergent rays The 
+
+246
+00:17:14,610 --> 00:17:19,300
+rays that come out of the lens will form imagesكيف
+
+247
+00:17:19,300 --> 00:17:22,440
+ده تكون الصورة؟ بإنها تتجمع مع بعض على بعض، اذا 
+
+248
+00:17:22,440 --> 00:17:26,080
+الأشعة اللي رايحة تكون صورة بتكون convergent ray
+
+249
+00:17:26,080 --> 00:17:29,840
+أو الحالة التشتوتية بتاعتها positive، ال versions 
+
+250
+00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:33,860
+بتاعتها positive، و الأشعة الصادرة من ال object،
+
+251
+00:17:33,860 --> 00:17:37,620
+الحالة التشتوتية إلها negative versions، يعني أشعة
+
+252
+00:17:37,620 --> 00:17:45,050
+متشتتة، هذه الأشعة مثلا ضوء الشمسهذا الشمس جسم 
+
+253
+00:17:45,050 --> 00:17:49,370
+حقيقي, real object ما حد بينكر أنه الشمس جسم 
+
+254
+00:17:49,370 --> 00:17:54,870
+حقيقي, real object الأشعب تتشتت في جميع الاتجاهات 
+
+255
+00:17:55,360 --> 00:18:25,340
+لما تصدر من الشمس
+
+256
+00:18:25,960 --> 00:18:28,880
+meaning parallel or convergent means it will have
+
+257
+00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:32,680
+a specific direction and sometimes only the person
+
+258
+00:18:32,680 --> 00:18:37,820
+who is exposed to this direction or to these solar
+
+259
+00:18:37,820 --> 00:18:41,760
+rays or to this light of the sun will see it any 
+
+260
+00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:44,600
+person who is not exposed to light will not see it 
+
+261
+00:18:44,600 --> 00:18:48,320
+but as long as we are in different places on the
+
+262
+00:18:48,320 --> 00:18:51,720
+surface of the earthin Saudi Arabia, Jordan,
+
+263
+00:18:51,980 --> 00:18:57,460
+Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, etc. and we see
+
+264
+00:18:57,460 --> 00:18:59,440
+the sun at the same time, which means that the 
+
+265
+00:18:59,440 --> 00:19:02,660
+rays coming from the sun are scattered and each
+
+266
+00:19:02,660 --> 00:19:05,000
+part reaches a region, which means that a part
+
+267
+00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:08,540
+will reach Palestine, a part will reach Jordan, a
+
+268
+00:19:08,540 --> 00:19:12,680
+part will reach Iraq, a part will reach Kuwait,
+
+269
+00:19:12,860 --> 00:19:18,370
+etc. So, the real object is always and neverThe 
+
+270
+00:19:18,370 --> 00:19:22,110
+rays are scattered from it. If the object is 
+
+271
+00:19:22,110 --> 00:19:25,090
+small, we say point source of light or point 
+
+272
+00:19:25,090 --> 00:19:28,810
+light, the rays also scatter from it in all
+
+273
+00:19:28,810 --> 00:19:32,050
+directions. If there is a person standing in this 
+
+274
+00:19:32,050 --> 00:19:34,650
+area that I am pointing at, and a person here, and 
+
+275
+00:19:34,650 --> 00:19:37,170
+a person here, and a person here, and the light 
+
+276
+00:19:37,170 --> 00:19:39,470
+begins to fade, the four people will see the light
+
+277
+00:19:39,470 --> 00:19:42,570
+at the same moment because it scattered towards
+
+278
+00:19:42,570 --> 00:19:45,250
+them all. This is one point. The second point, if
+
+279
+00:19:45,250 --> 00:19:48,580
+we take two raysلو أخدنا شعاعين نطلع على الرسم
+
+280
+00:19:48,580 --> 00:19:53,100
+المكبر لو أخدنا الشعاع هذا و الشعاع هذا، كل ما 
+
+281
+00:19:53,100 --> 00:19:57,280
+صاروا في الفرق، المسافة بينهم ابتبعد، المسافة 
+
+282
+00:19:57,280 --> 00:20:00,980
+بينهم ابتبعد، فبالتالي هذا divergence trace، إذا
+
+283
+00:20:00,980 --> 00:20:05,460
+أي real object، هذه قاعدة، أي real object، الأشعة
+
+284
+00:20:05,460 --> 00:20:09,600
+بتطلع منه divergence، divergencethey're just 
+
+285
+00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:13,220
+..الان لو جينا ال .. needing و الأشعة اللي خلصت
+
+286
+00:20:13,220 --> 00:20:17,000
+دخلت في optical system، هيكون vex lens و رايح 
+
+287
+00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:20,680
+اتكون ل image في مكان ما من الفرق، في مكان ما من 
+
+288
+00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:23,920
+الفرقNow, while it is going to form an image,
+
+289
+00:20:24,220 --> 00:20:27,540
+convergent, it becomes convergence, it becomes 
+
+290
+00:20:27,540 --> 00:20:31,480
+convergent, so therefore, the rays that left the
+
+291
+00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:35,220
+optical system and in their way to form an image,
+
+292
+00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:39,850
+it becomes convergent or its convergencepositive, 
+
+293
+00:20:39,990 --> 00:20:43,170
+the convergence is positive until it meets in the 
+
+294
+00:20:43,170 --> 00:20:47,190
+picture in a place that .. in a place that .. as 
+
+295
+00:20:47,190 --> 00:20:49,650
+we get closer to the picture, the convergence 
+
+296
+00:20:49,650 --> 00:20:51,230
+increases, that is, the distance between these two
+
+297
+00:20:51,230 --> 00:20:54,770
+rays here in a certain distance began to decrease,
+
+298
+00:20:54,890 --> 00:20:56,930
+that is, the convergence increased, began to 
+
+299
+00:20:56,930 --> 00:20:58,410
+decrease, that is, the convergence increased,
+
+300
+00:20:58,610 --> 00:21:00,930
+began to decrease, the convergence increased, so
+
+301
+00:21:00,930 --> 00:21:05,270
+as we get closer to the pictureكل ما اقتربنا من 
+
+302
+00:21:05,270 --> 00:21:09,090
+مكان الصورة بيكون الأشعة more convergent بيزيد ال
+
+303
+00:21:09,090 --> 00:21:12,350
+convergence ده كل ما ابتعدنا بيكون less 
+
+304
+00:21:12,350 --> 00:21:18,310
+convergent، تمام؟
+
+305
+00:21:18,310 --> 00:21:25,810
+كل ما اقتربنا من الصورة، 
+
+306
+00:21:25,810 --> 00:21:33,230
+إيش بيصير عندنا؟ بيقول rays are more convergent
+
+307
+00:21:36,320 --> 00:21:38,400
+means closest to the image, we take for example
+
+308
+00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:42,680
+this ray and this ray, the last two rays, there is
+
+309
+00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:44,920
+a distance between them, this distance decreases, 
+
+310
+00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:48,180
+decreases more, decreases more, decreases more,
+
+311
+00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:50,200
+means they are closer to each other, so they make
+
+312
+00:21:50,200 --> 00:21:55,040
+convergence more, so close to the image, close to
+
+313
+00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:58,100
+the image rays are more convergent
+
+314
+00:22:03,940 --> 00:22:10,800
+Far from the image, rays
+
+315
+00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:17,340
+are less
+
+316
+00:22:17,340 --> 00:22:18,140
+convergent
+
+317
+00:22:31,160 --> 00:22:34,540
+When we are close to the image, the rays are more 
+
+318
+00:22:34,540 --> 00:22:38,080
+convergent, when we are far from the image, the 
+
+319
+00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:40,360
+rays are convergent, they are getting closer to
+
+320
+00:22:40,360 --> 00:22:43,600
+each other, but the convergence here is less than
+
+321
+00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:47,260
+that. So, far from the image, less convergent,
+
+322
+00:22:47,420 --> 00:22:49,840
+close to the image, more convergent. This is when 
+
+323
+00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:53,020
+we talk about the back side of the optical system.
+
+324
+00:22:53,120 --> 00:22:55,300
+On the right side of the optical system,
+
+325
+00:22:55,520 --> 00:22:58,340
+convergence started to happen. But the convergence
+
+326
+00:22:58,340 --> 00:23:02,370
+of light, the convergence of light,عند هذه النقطة
+
+327
+00:23:02,370 --> 00:23:05,550
+أكتر و لا كل ما اقتربنا لل image أكتر؟ قبعا كل ما
+
+328
+00:23:05,550 --> 00:23:09,910
+اقتربنا من الصورة الأشعة بتكون more convergent كل
+
+329
+00:23:09,910 --> 00:23:13,570
+ما ابتعدنا عن الصورة احنا بنحكي عند الجزء هذا فقط
+
+330
+00:23:13,570 --> 00:23:14,250
+الجزء هذا
+
+331
+00:23:34,360 --> 00:23:38,770
+Close to the image, rays are more convergentClose
+
+332
+00:23:38,770 --> 00:23:42,530
+to the image, rays are more convergent. Far from
+
+333
+00:23:42,530 --> 00:23:45,070
+the image, rays are less convergent.
+
+334
+00:23:50,550 --> 00:23:55,310
+If rays are diverging, divergence is negative. If
+
+335
+00:23:55,310 --> 00:23:58,950
+rays are converging, the convergence is positive.
+
+336
+00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:02,380
+طيب، ممكن إنسان يقول لي طيب لو الأشعة لا هي
+
+337
+00:24:02,380 --> 00:24:05,600
+diverging ولا هي converging، يعني parallel to one 
+
+338
+00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:08,960
+another، زي ما الصورة بتوديه، جديش الvergence ده
+
+339
+00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:11,460
+هعطيله positive ولا negative، بنقول الvergence
+
+340
+00:24:11,460 --> 00:24:15,320
+للأشعة المتوازية صفر، لا هو positive ولا هو
+
+341
+00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:18,440
+negative، لما بنسمع إنسان بيقولني الvergence of
+
+342
+00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:22,500
+light zero، الvergence of light zero، معناته احنا
+
+343
+00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:26,160
+الvergence of light zero، معناته الأشعة parallel،
+
+344
+00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:30,770
+الأشعة parallelالان حكينا انه على ال side التاني
+
+345
+00:24:30,770 --> 00:24:34,770
+من العدسة far from the image, far from the image 
+
+346
+00:24:34,770 --> 00:24:39,050
+يعني بعيد عن الصورة، الأشعة less convergent، هي
+
+347
+00:24:39,050 --> 00:24:44,090
+صحيح convergent بس قليل و close to the image، كل
+
+348
+00:24:44,090 --> 00:24:46,570
+ما اقتربنا من الصورة close to the image, rays are
+
+349
+00:24:46,570 --> 00:24:50,750
+more convergent،الان إيش بالنسبة لل object؟These
+
+350
+00:24:50,750 --> 00:24:53,390
+are the rays close to the object, and these are
+
+351
+00:24:53,390 --> 00:24:56,750
+the rays away from the object We are this distance
+
+352
+00:24:56,750 --> 00:25:00,230
+away from the object, and this distance close to 
+
+353
+00:25:00,230 --> 00:25:04,290
+the object Okay, if we wanted to compare the first 
+
+354
+00:25:04,290 --> 00:25:07,910
+picture with the second picture, we say that the 
+
+355
+00:25:07,910 --> 00:25:12,440
+closer we areFor the object, it should be more 
+
+356
+00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:15,960
+divergent or the farther we are from the object,
+
+357
+00:25:16,180 --> 00:25:18,780
+the more divergent it should be? The answer to 
+
+358
+00:25:18,780 --> 00:25:21,680
+that should be clarified by drawing, it should be
+
+359
+00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:25,600
+clarified by drawing Drawing, for example, will
+
+360
+00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:30,680
+clarify the matter in a way that when we say how
+
+361
+00:25:30,680 --> 00:25:34,900
+much is the divergence of light, the first thing
+
+362
+00:25:34,900 --> 00:25:36,440
+that should be taken into account is that it is 
+
+363
+00:25:36,440 --> 00:25:40,090
+not any lightHere there are light rays, I didn't 
+
+364
+00:25:40,090 --> 00:25:43,010
+draw them here This is a ray number, for example,
+
+365
+00:25:43,170 --> 00:25:46,650
+five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten and a thousand
+
+366
+00:25:46,650 --> 00:25:49,830
+These rays that will not enter the lens, we don't
+
+367
+00:25:49,830 --> 00:25:52,550
+talk about the divergence, we didn't do it What
+
+368
+00:25:52,550 --> 00:25:54,450
+does it have to do with the whole trip? We said
+
+369
+00:25:54,450 --> 00:25:56,810
+that this science, the science of geometric optics
+
+370
+00:25:56,810 --> 00:26:00,130
+studies the journey from the object to the optical
+
+371
+00:26:00,130 --> 00:26:02,410
+system to the image That is, we are interested in 
+
+372
+00:26:02,410 --> 00:26:06,070
+part of the rays that enter the optical system
+
+373
+00:26:08,270 --> 00:26:10,930
+enters the optical system in the lens and goes to 
+
+374
+00:26:10,930 --> 00:26:14,050
+form the image Okay, before entering the optical 
+
+375
+00:26:14,050 --> 00:26:16,490
+system, we want to say as usual, this is the 
+
+376
+00:26:16,490 --> 00:26:23,270
+location of the lens close to the object And here
+
+377
+00:26:23,270 --> 00:26:24,830
+is the location of the lens away from us, we took
+
+378
+00:26:24,830 --> 00:26:27,410
+this lens in the second example, but I drew them
+
+379
+00:26:27,410 --> 00:26:29,750
+above each other to clarify some things that we
+
+380
+00:26:29,750 --> 00:26:32,430
+want to clarify The lens here in the first 
+
+381
+00:26:32,430 --> 00:26:34,630
+location, close to the object, then we took the 
+
+382
+00:26:34,630 --> 00:26:37,850
+lens and moved it awayOr you see the divergence 
+
+383
+00:26:37,850 --> 00:26:43,150
+here more, or the divergence here more? We say as 
+
+384
+00:26:43,150 --> 00:26:47,230
+follows, before we rush into the answerBefore we
+
+385
+00:26:47,230 --> 00:26:50,630
+rush into the answer, we want to say how to 
+
+386
+00:26:50,630 --> 00:26:54,590
+calculate divergence? To calculate divergence, we
+
+387
+00:26:54,590 --> 00:26:57,030
+take the distance between two rays that entered 
+
+388
+00:26:57,030 --> 00:26:59,490
+the lens, that is, in the first example when the 
+
+389
+00:26:59,490 --> 00:27:02,510
+lens was close, rays one and two are the distance
+
+390
+00:27:02,510 --> 00:27:04,090
+between two rays, because if there is a distance
+
+391
+00:27:04,090 --> 00:27:05,850
+from them, the lens will not enter, and as long as 
+
+392
+00:27:05,850 --> 00:27:07,350
+the lens will not enter, we will not touch it, 
+
+393
+00:27:07,930 --> 00:27:10,790
+that is, the rays that come between one and two 
+
+394
+00:27:10,790 --> 00:27:15,400
+are all rays one and two, and herethousands of
+
+395
+00:27:15,400 --> 00:27:18,140
+rays between them, we forget the red rays, these 
+
+396
+00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:20,780
+red rays belong to the second example, or the 
+
+397
+00:27:20,780 --> 00:27:24,360
+second part of the experiment when we moved the
+
+398
+00:27:24,360 --> 00:27:26,840
+lens away, I'm drawing them in red, it's not our
+
+399
+00:27:26,840 --> 00:27:30,420
+topic now Now, there are rays here, and there are
+
+400
+00:27:30,420 --> 00:27:32,040
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are 
+
+401
+00:27:32,040 --> 00:27:33,720
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are
+
+402
+00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:35,320
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are 
+
+403
+00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:35,340
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are 
+
+404
+00:27:35,340 --> 00:27:35,380
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are
+
+405
+00:27:35,380 --> 00:27:35,420
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are
+
+406
+00:27:35,420 --> 00:27:35,540
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are
+
+407
+00:27:35,540 --> 00:27:35,560
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are
+
+408
+00:27:35,560 --> 00:27:35,880
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are 
+
+409
+00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:36,020
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are 
+
+410
+00:27:36,020 --> 00:27:37,680
+rays here, and there are rays here, and there are
+
+445
+00:30:29,140 --> 00:30:31,220
+including 3 or 4 light rays and what is between
+
+446
+00:30:31,220 --> 00:30:32,740
+them.
+
+447
+00:30:35,850 --> 00:30:38,950
+Hadi الحزمة الشعاعية اللي دخلت ال .. دخلت ال lens
+
+448
+00:30:38,950 --> 00:30:43,710
+على المسافة البعيدة أقل تشتتا من الحزمة الشعاعية
+
+449
+00:30:43,710 --> 00:30:47,390
+اللي دخلت .. أشياء الحزمة الشعاعية اللي دخلت ال
+
+450
+00:30:47,390 --> 00:30:50,750
+lens على المسافة القريبة، هي كل الأشعة المحصورة
+
+451
+00:30:50,750 --> 00:30:54,190
+بين واحد و اتنين، بما فيها واحد و اتنين، اذا هذه
+
+452
+00:30:54,190 --> 00:30:58,070
+الأشعة اللي محصورة بين واحد و اتنين أكثر تشتتا من
+
+453
+00:30:58,070 --> 00:31:03,160
+الأشعة اللي محصورة بين تلاتة و أربعةليش؟ ليش أكتر
+
+454
+00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:06,880
+تشتتا اللي محصورة بين واحد و اتنين، هتشمل تلاتة و
+
+455
+00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:10,100
+هتشمل أربعة و هتشمل المنطقة هاى و هتشمل المنطقة
+
+456
+00:31:10,100 --> 00:31:12,920
+هاى و هتشمل المنطقة هاى؟ ليش اللي محصور بين واحد و
+
+457
+00:31:12,920 --> 00:31:16,980
+اتنين أكتر تشتتا من اللي محصور بين تلاتة و أربعة؟
+
+458
+00:31:16,980 --> 00:31:21,700
+لأنه لو أجينا و أخدنا مقطع ضوء عند نقطة ما من
+
+459
+00:31:21,700 --> 00:31:23,160
+الفرق، يعني لو أخدنا هنا
+
+460
+00:31:28,190 --> 00:31:32,870
+Any point at this line And we said, which one is
+
+461
+00:31:32,870 --> 00:31:36,570
+more complicated, the red point or the white
+
+462
+00:31:36,570 --> 00:31:41,070
+point? The white point extends from this point to
+
+463
+00:31:41,070 --> 00:31:43,970
+this point, we forgot everything for the trip and
+
+464
+00:31:43,970 --> 00:31:49,270
+only caught up to this point This point The white
+
+465
+00:31:49,270 --> 00:31:53,410
+point is more complicated than the red point So,
+
+466
+00:31:53,830 --> 00:31:58,210
+the closer we get to the object كل ما اقتربنا من ال
+
+467
+00:31:58,210 --> 00:32:01,510
+object، ال .. ال light rays بتكون more divergent
+
+468
+00:32:01,510 --> 00:32:05,450
+كل ما بتاعتنا ال light rays اللي بتجمعهم العدسة،
+
+469
+00:32:05,450 --> 00:32:08,890
+ضروري جدا نحط في أذهانها اللي بتجمعهم العدسة، الآن
+
+470
+00:32:08,890 --> 00:32:12,850
+هنا اللي جمعته العدسة هي الحزمة الحمراء، الحزمة
+
+471
+00:32:12,850 --> 00:32:17,210
+الحمراء، الحزمة الحمراءاللي جمعتها العدسة إذا ما
+
+472
+00:32:17,210 --> 00:32:20,450
+قورنت بالحزمة البيضاء اللي جمعتها العدسة الحزمة
+
+473
+00:32:20,450 --> 00:32:23,610
+البيضاء أكثر تشتتا إذا قريب من ال object أكثر
+
+474
+00:32:23,610 --> 00:32:27,810
+تشتتا more divergent بعيد عن ال object less
+
+475
+00:32:27,810 --> 00:32:31,710
+divergent less divergent احنا عساس احنا ما تختلط
+
+476
+00:32:31,710 --> 00:32:36,170
+علينا الأمور بدنا احنا يعني اللفظ كل الكلام اللي
+
+477
+00:32:36,170 --> 00:32:38,410
+حكيناه كالقاتي بنقول
+
+478
+00:32:46,860 --> 00:32:53,560
+بنرسم ال optical system و
+
+479
+00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:54,180
+بنقول أن
+
+480
+00:33:17,210 --> 00:33:31,270
+this is the object point and
+
+481
+00:33:31,270 --> 00:33:33,970
+these are going to form the image you tap to form
+
+482
+00:33:33,970 --> 00:33:36,770
+the image in this area did you notice that we say
+
+483
+00:33:36,770 --> 00:33:44,930
+close to the object more divergent the light
+
+484
+00:33:47,950 --> 00:33:53,190
+Away from the object means
+
+485
+00:33:53,190 --> 00:33:56,250
+when it gets closer to the lens it becomes less
+
+486
+00:33:56,250 --> 00:34:10,790
+divergent and
+
+487
+00:34:10,790 --> 00:34:15,330
+away from the image it becomes less convergent
+
+488
+00:34:27,250 --> 00:34:30,710
+and close to the image should be more convergent
+
+489
+00:34:30,710 --> 00:34:33,450
+then
+
+490
+00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:51,620
+ع الجهة الشمال كله divergent ع الجهة اليمين كله
+
+491
+00:34:51,620 --> 00:34:54,660
+convergent عشان ما نتخربطش ع الجهة الشمال
+
+492
+00:34:54,660 --> 00:35:00,040
+divergent ع الجهة اليمين convergent طيب less و
+
+493
+00:35:00,040 --> 00:35:04,680
+less less و less سواء divergent او .. قرب من
+
+494
+00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:10,500
+العدسة يعني حوالين العدسة لما بنبعد ع الشمال و
+
+495
+00:35:10,500 --> 00:35:14,480
+بنبعد ع اليمين more و more اذا more divergent less
+
+496
+00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:18,960
+divergent less convergent more convergentmore
+
+497
+00:35:18,960 --> 00:35:22,640
+divergent, less divergent, less and less on the
+
+498
+00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:25,180
+sides of the lens, meaning the light, the vergence
+
+499
+00:35:25,180 --> 00:35:29,020
+of light, the fluctuating state of light changes
+
+500
+00:35:29,020 --> 00:35:32,800
+with the distance, it changes more divergent, okay
+
+501
+00:35:32,800 --> 00:35:34,400
+the light moves a little in the space, it became
+
+502
+00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:37,900
+less divergent, less divergent, less divergent, it
+
+503
+00:35:37,900 --> 00:35:41,060
+reached the lens, it turned it from divergent to
+
+504
+00:35:41,060 --> 00:35:42,740
+convergent, but what is the state of the
+
+505
+00:35:42,740 --> 00:35:45,700
+fluctuating convergence of it, it is accumulating,
+
+506
+00:35:45,780 --> 00:35:48,540
+but it accumulates slowlyOr it accumulates in a
+
+507
+00:35:48,540 --> 00:35:50,500
+small way, increasing the accumulation, increasing
+
+508
+00:35:50,500 --> 00:35:52,140
+the accumulation, increasing the accumulation,
+
+509
+00:35:52,520 --> 00:35:54,260
+until it accumulates in the form of a Morphine
+
+510
+00:35:54,260 --> 00:35:58,080
+Virgin. Therefore, the fluctuation of light varies
+
+511
+00:35:58,080 --> 00:36:01,480
+depending on the distance that the light cuts. So
+
+512
+00:36:01,480 --> 00:36:04,880
+the virgins of light change with the change of
+
+513
+00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:07,720
+distance, change with the change of distance.
+
+514
+00:36:08,660 --> 00:36:11,700
+فبالتالي، the lens collects a large fraction of
+
+515
+00:36:11,700 --> 00:36:15,320
+light radiating from the object point. When the
+
+516
+00:36:15,320 --> 00:36:18,620
+lens is moved away from the object point, it
+
+517
+00:36:18,620 --> 00:36:22,240
+collects a smaller portion of light radiated by
+
+518
+00:36:22,240 --> 00:36:25,200
+the object point. The rays that reach the lens are
+
+519
+00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:28,700
+less divergent than they were when the lens was
+
+520
+00:36:28,700 --> 00:36:32,490
+closer to the object. هذا معنا الكلاملما بتكون ال
+
+521
+00:36:32,490 --> 00:36:36,470
+lens قريبة من ال object بتجمع أشعة more divergent
+
+522
+00:36:36,470 --> 00:36:42,510
+لما بتبعد بتجمع أشعة less divergent لأن تلاتة و
+
+523
+00:36:42,510 --> 00:36:46,770
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+524
+00:36:46,770 --> 00:36:47,250
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+525
+00:36:47,250 --> 00:36:48,250
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+526
+00:36:48,250 --> 00:36:48,550
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+527
+00:36:48,550 --> 00:36:48,910
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+528
+00:36:48,910 --> 00:36:50,130
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+529
+00:36:50,130 --> 00:36:51,010
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+530
+00:36:51,010 --> 00:36:52,770
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتنين لأن تلاتة و
+
+531
+00:36:52,770 --> 00:36:57,660
+أربعة less divergent than واحد و اتClose to the
+
+532
+00:36:57,660 --> 00:37:02,000
+object point, the light is more divergent. Farther
+
+533
+00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:05,080
+from the object point, the light is less divergent
+
+534
+00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:15,340
+على ناحية التانية من العدسة Similarly, close to an
+
+535
+00:37:15,340 --> 00:37:18,360
+image point, light is more convergent لإن كون
+
+536
+00:37:18,360 --> 00:37:21,420
+جاريبين من ال image Farther from the image point,
+
+537
+00:37:21,520 --> 00:37:26,080
+light is less convergent Vergence is inversely
+
+538
+00:37:26,080 --> 00:37:29,900
+proportional to the distance from the object or
+
+539
+00:37:29,900 --> 00:37:36,950
+the image يعنيال .. ال .. ال object و ال image، ال
+
+540
+00:37:36,950 --> 00:37:40,970
+.. الضوء إذا كان بعيد، بيكون less divergent، وإذا
+
+541
+00:37:40,970 --> 00:37:45,130
+كان قريب، بيكون more divergent، بالنسبة لل image،
+
+542
+00:37:45,130 --> 00:37:48,890
+إذا كان قريب، more convergent، إذا كان بعيد، less
+
+543
+00:37:48,890 --> 00:37:52,250
+convergent، إذا ال versions of light، سواء
+
+544
+00:37:52,250 --> 00:37:57,430
+divergent أو convergentبيتناسب عكسيا مع المسافة من
+
+545
+00:37:57,430 --> 00:38:02,590
+ال object وبيتناسب عكسيا مع المسافة من ال image
+
+546
+00:38:02,590 --> 00:38:06,050
+كيف .. كيف يعني بيتناسب عكسيا مع المسافة من ال
+
+547
+00:38:06,050 --> 00:38:09,770
+object وبيتناسب عكسيا مع المسافة من ال image؟ لما
+
+548
+00:38:09,770 --> 00:38:14,010
+احنا بنفسر هذه القضية، لازم ناخد كل جانب على حده،
+
+549
+00:38:14,010 --> 00:38:16,690
+احنا هالجيت ال object، ضغ منه divergent، طلع عند
+
+550
+00:38:16,690 --> 00:38:22,590
+هناهذه مسافة كل ما زادت مسافة الضوء عن النقطة اللى
+
+551
+00:38:22,590 --> 00:38:25,370
+صدر منها عن ال object كل ما ابتعد يعنى ازدادت
+
+552
+00:38:25,370 --> 00:38:26,070
+المسافة
+
+553
+00:38:28,470 --> 00:38:32,730
+more divergent, less divergent, less divergent,
+
+554
+00:38:32,750 --> 00:38:49,170
+less divergent, less divergent, less divergent,
+
+555
+00:38:49,330 --> 00:38:52,810
+less divergentEach time the distance increases
+
+556
+00:38:52,810 --> 00:38:55,850
+from the object, the divergence decreases, which
+
+557
+00:38:55,850 --> 00:38:58,750
+means that the relationship between the divergence
+
+558
+00:38:58,750 --> 00:39:02,870
+of light and the distance is opposite Okay, let's
+
+559
+00:39:02,870 --> 00:39:06,550
+forget the left side and go to the right sideThe
+
+560
+00:39:06,550 --> 00:39:09,630
+less the distance towards the image, the more
+
+561
+00:39:09,630 --> 00:39:13,150
+convergence. If you say the convergence is
+
+562
+00:39:13,150 --> 00:39:15,690
+correct, and if you say the convergence is also
+
+563
+00:39:15,690 --> 00:39:20,090
+correct. So the less the distance, the more
+
+564
+00:39:20,090 --> 00:39:23,610
+convergence. Well, the more the distance, the less
+
+565
+00:39:23,610 --> 00:39:25,610
+convergence. Here we are away from the image, we
+
+566
+00:39:25,610 --> 00:39:27,630
+have become a distance away from the image, less
+
+567
+00:39:27,630 --> 00:39:30,610
+convergence or less convergence. Also, the
+
+568
+00:39:30,610 --> 00:39:32,390
+opposite relationship between the convergence of
+
+569
+00:39:32,390 --> 00:39:35,760
+light, which is going to form the image,and the
+
+570
+00:39:35,760 --> 00:39:38,820
+distance, and the distance from this image So
+
+571
+00:39:38,820 --> 00:39:40,620
+whether we talked about the direction of the
+
+572
+00:39:40,620 --> 00:39:42,980
+object or about the object and the various rays
+
+573
+00:39:42,980 --> 00:39:46,260
+coming out of it Or we talked about the image and
+
+574
+00:39:46,260 --> 00:39:49,680
+the various rays that are going to form it The
+
+575
+00:39:49,680 --> 00:39:52,040
+relationship between the vergence of light and the
+
+576
+00:39:52,040 --> 00:39:54,980
+distance is a reverse relationship And conversely,
+
+577
+00:39:55,340 --> 00:39:58,060
+and conversely, the vergence and the distance,
+
+578
+00:39:58,700 --> 00:40:01,340
+that is, the vergence of light is equal to one
+
+579
+00:40:01,340 --> 00:40:04,040
+over the distance is equal to one over the
+
+580
+00:40:04,040 --> 00:40:04,300
+distance
+
+581
+00:40:10,390 --> 00:40:13,510
+vergence is inversely proportional to the distance
+
+582
+00:40:13,510 --> 00:40:16,390
+from the object or the image point whether we
+
+583
+00:40:16,390 --> 00:40:19,150
+talked about the object that is inversely
+
+584
+00:40:19,150 --> 00:40:22,050
+proportional to the distance or we talked about
+
+585
+00:40:22,050 --> 00:40:24,410
+the image on the other side of the lens that is
+
+586
+00:40:24,410 --> 00:40:28,590
+also inversely proportional to the distance how to
+
+587
+00:40:28,590 --> 00:40:30,770
+calculate the vergence? vergence is the reciprocal
+
+588
+00:40:30,770 --> 00:40:36,040
+of the distancemeans if the distance is two
+
+589
+00:40:36,040 --> 00:40:38,640
+meters, it is one and a half meters, one to two,
+
+590
+00:40:39,100 --> 00:40:43,280
+if the distance is three meters, it is three
+
+591
+00:40:43,280 --> 00:40:47,980
+meters and a third, a third, so we say the
+
+592
+00:40:47,980 --> 00:40:51,980
+divergence is the reciprocal of the distance, is
+
+593
+00:40:51,980 --> 00:40:56,830
+the reciprocal of the distance, we will stop atإنه
+
+594
+00:40:56,830 --> 00:41:00,090
+ال Virgin's هو ال reciprocal of the distance و هي
+
+595
+00:41:00,090 --> 00:41:03,290
+المرة القادمة ان شاء الله بنستكمل و يعطيكم العافية
+
+596
+00:41:03,290 --> 00:41:06,090
+و السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/3LETQng8kTU_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+1
+00:00:04,890 --> 00:00:06,030
+In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
+
+2
+00:00:06,850 --> 00:00:10,450
+We have an example. The object is on the left, but
+
+3
+00:00:10,450 --> 00:00:15,230
+we still don't know if it is above or below the
+
+4
+00:00:15,230 --> 00:00:19,550
+optical axis. The image is below the optical axis
+
+5
+00:00:19,550 --> 00:00:25,670
+by 15 cm. The transverse magnification is x minus
+
+6
+00:00:25,670 --> 00:00:31,150
+3.What is the object head? What is the object
+
+7
+00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:34,690
+head? We say the transference magnification is
+
+8
+00:00:34,690 --> 00:00:41,210
+equal to the image head over the object head. We
+
+9
+00:00:41,210 --> 00:00:45,090
+are looking for the object head, so the object
+
+10
+00:00:45,090 --> 00:00:48,790
+head is equal to the image head over the
+
+11
+00:00:48,790 --> 00:00:51,350
+transference magnification. We replace these
+
+12
+00:00:51,350 --> 00:00:56,940
+places with each other. So the object height is
+
+13
+00:00:56,940 --> 00:00:59,440
+equal to the image height over the transphase
+
+14
+00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:03,480
+magnification. The image height as long as it is
+
+15
+00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,260
+below the optical axis, I give it a minus sign.
+
+16
+00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:09,680
+Fifteen centimeters is fifteen out of one hundred
+
+17
+00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:14,740
+meters over the transphase magnification minus
+
+18
+00:01:14,740 --> 00:01:20,700
+three, which is equal to minus minus plus fifteen
+
+19
+00:01:20,700 --> 00:01:31,240
+out of one hundred meters over3 is equal to 3
+
+20
+00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:38,180
+times 5 times 100 which is equal to plus 5 cm So
+
+21
+00:01:38,180 --> 00:01:41,600
+the height of the object is plus 5 cm, plus means
+
+22
+00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:45,400
+above the optical axis and its height is 5 cm
+
+23
+00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:50,780
+which is one third of the height of the bird which
+
+24
+00:01:50,780 --> 00:01:52,320
+gives you the bird's eye view
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/3LETQng8kTU_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+1
+00:00:04,890 --> 00:00:06,030
+In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
+
+2
+00:00:06,850 --> 00:00:10,450
+We have an example. The object is on the left, but
+
+3
+00:00:10,450 --> 00:00:15,230
+we still don't know if it is above or below the
+
+4
+00:00:15,230 --> 00:00:19,550
+optical axis. The image is below the optical axis
+
+5
+00:00:19,550 --> 00:00:25,670
+by 15 cm. The transverse magnification is x minus
+
+6
+00:00:25,670 --> 00:00:31,150
+3.What is the object head? What is the object
+
+7
+00:00:31,150 --> 00:00:34,690
+head? We say the transference magnification is
+
+8
+00:00:34,690 --> 00:00:41,210
+equal to the image head over the object head. We
+
+9
+00:00:41,210 --> 00:00:45,090
+are looking for the object head, so the object
+
+10
+00:00:45,090 --> 00:00:48,790
+head is equal to the image head over the
+
+11
+00:00:48,790 --> 00:00:51,350
+transference magnification. We replace these
+
+12
+00:00:51,350 --> 00:00:56,940
+places with each other. So the object height is
+
+13
+00:00:56,940 --> 00:00:59,440
+equal to the image height over the transphase
+
+14
+00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:03,480
+magnification. The image height as long as it is
+
+15
+00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,260
+below the optical axis, I give it a minus sign.
+
+16
+00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:09,680
+Fifteen centimeters is fifteen out of one hundred
+
+17
+00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:14,740
+meters over the transphase magnification minus
+
+18
+00:01:14,740 --> 00:01:20,700
+three, which is equal to minus minus plus fifteen
+
+19
+00:01:20,700 --> 00:01:31,240
+out of one hundred meters over3 is equal to 3
+
+20
+00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:38,180
+times 5 times 100 which is equal to plus 5 cm So
+
+21
+00:01:38,180 --> 00:01:41,600
+the height of the object is plus 5 cm, plus means
+
+22
+00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:45,400
+above the optical axis and its height is 5 cm
+
+23
+00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:50,780
+which is one third of the height of the bird which
+
+24
+00:01:50,780 --> 00:01:52,320
+gives you the bird's eye view
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/4Z2l80h8T3k.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+1
+00:00:02,180 --> 00:00:06,940
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم عنا تلات مسائل عن إيجاد قوة
+
+2
+00:00:06,940 --> 00:00:10,320
+لبريزم What is the power of the following prisms?
+
+3
+00:00:10,320 --> 00:00:13,600
+عنا تلات مسائل، مسألة الأولى عنا بريزم deviates
+
+4
+00:00:13,600 --> 00:00:16,980
+the light rays two centimeters at distance fifty
+
+5
+00:00:16,980 --> 00:00:20,520
+centimeters from the prism يعني على بعد خمسين
+
+6
+00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:24,580
+سانتي من البريزم، هذا البريزم هرف الأشعة المسارها
+
+7
+00:00:24,580 --> 00:00:28,580
+مقدار اتنين سانتي، جداش قوته؟ المسألة سهلة ان شاء
+
+8
+00:00:28,580 --> 00:00:28,800
+الله
+
+9
+00:00:32,160 --> 00:00:35,440
+So, the first example we say on a distance of 
+
+10
+00:00:35,440 --> 00:00:37,000
+fifty centimeters,
+
+11
+00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:46,840
+the rays move away from their path by two
+
+12
+00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:51,080
+centimeters. Okay. On a distance of one hundred
+
+13
+00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:53,980
+centimeters, how many are there? One hundred
+
+14
+00:00:53,980 --> 00:00:56,900
+centimeters will be the number X.
+
+15
+00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:01,440
+So X equals
+
+16
+00:01:05,250 --> 00:01:17,090
+درب تبادلي 100 في 2 ب 200 على 50 و
+
+17
+00:01:17,090 --> 00:01:24,890
+يساوي 4 Prism Diopter 4 Prism Diopter، نجيب الرمز
+
+18
+00:01:34,750 --> 00:01:37,850
+So the force of the prism in the first example is 
+
+19
+00:01:37,850 --> 00:01:44,310
+4 Prism Diopter. Now we come to the second example 
+
+20
+00:01:44,310 --> 00:01:51,390
+Prism at a distance of 26 cm. Or the radius of the
+
+21
+00:01:51,390 --> 00:01:54,250
+rays is 26 cm at a distance of 2 meters. Not a 
+
+22
+00:01:54,250 --> 00:01:56,490
+meter, at a distance of 2 meters. At a distance of 
+
+23
+00:01:56,490 --> 00:01:59,650
+200 cm. Of course in all prisms we deal with
+
+24
+00:01:59,650 --> 00:02:06,970
+centimeters. We say as usual. On a distance of 200
+
+25
+00:02:06,970 --> 00:02:16,750
+cm, the radius of the rays is 26 cm. So 
+
+26
+00:02:16,750 --> 00:02:19,330
+on a distance of 100 cm, because the force of the 
+
+27
+00:02:19,330 --> 00:02:21,210
+prism is measured on a distance of 100 cm, how
+
+28
+00:02:21,210 --> 00:02:24,030
+many cm is the radius of the rays? On a distance 
+
+29
+00:02:24,030 --> 00:02:29,590
+of 100 cm, its radius is x, then x is equal to 
+
+30
+00:02:29,590 --> 00:02:38,650
+multiply by 100 times 26 divided by 200. 100 times
+
+31
+00:02:38,650 --> 00:02:44,110
+26 divided by 200 is 2600, let's write it 
+
+32
+00:02:44,110 --> 00:02:52,030
+completely. 100 times 26 divided 
+
+33
+00:02:52,030 --> 00:02:53,510
+by 200.
+
+34
+00:03:00,510 --> 00:03:07,210
+when we multiply 26 by 2 we get 13, so x is equal 
+
+35
+00:03:07,210 --> 00:03:16,910
+to 13 prism diopter, this
+
+36
+00:03:16,910 --> 00:03:19,050
+is the answer to the second question, so the force
+
+37
+00:03:19,050 --> 00:03:22,810
+of the prism is 13 prism diopter. The second 
+
+38
+00:03:22,810 --> 00:03:22,970
+question
+
+39
+00:03:26,260 --> 00:03:33,500
+المسألة التالتة، عندي prism حرف الأشعة مقدار نص
+
+40
+00:03:33,500 --> 00:03:38,180
+سانتي على بعد سانتي واحد من الprism، اذا على بعد
+
+41
+00:03:38,180 --> 00:03:50,520
+واحد سانتي متر، حرف الأشعة مقدار نص سانتي طيب،
+
+42
+00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:54,060
+على بعد مائة سانتي كده إيش؟ على بعد مائة سانتي
+
+43
+00:03:57,650 --> 00:04:02,410
+it would be the length of x, so x times the 
+
+44
+00:04:02,410 --> 00:04:07,330
+intermediate is equal to one hundred and fifty
+
+45
+00:04:07,330 --> 00:04:15,010
+which is fifty times one hundred and fifty which
+
+46
+00:04:15,010 --> 00:04:21,510
+is fifty, one hundred and fifty. Fifty divided by
+
+47
+00:04:21,510 --> 00:04:31,160
+one, and it equals fifty Prism diopter.  Fifty Prism diopter 
+
+48
+00:04:31,160 --> 00:04:35,500
+if this is its power, fifty Prism diopter, fifty Prism 
+
+49
+00:04:35,500 --> 00:04:41,520
+diopter, thus ends this question on finding the power of three
+
+50
+00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:47,600
+different prisms. May God grant you good health and peace be upon you
+
+51
+00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:49,480
+and the mercy of God and His blessings.

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/4bzN82L3BD0.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,761 @@
+
+1
+00:00:01,430 --> 00:00:04,870
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم عنا مسألة ع موضوع ال
+
+2
+00:00:04,870 --> 00:00:09,630
+virtual object ع موضوع ال virtual object عندي عدسة
+
+3
+00:00:09,630 --> 00:00:14,070
+قوتها plus 5 و نص diopter يقف أمامها على الشمال
+
+4
+00:00:14,070 --> 00:00:17,530
+على بعد عشرين سانتي object first object ريال
+
+5
+00:00:17,530 --> 00:00:21,640
+object then there is a meter with a lens with a
+
+6
+00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:24,700
+power of plus one diopter which requires the final
+
+7
+00:00:24,700 --> 00:00:28,160
+image and the total transfer magnification we go
+
+8
+00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:31,180
+back to our rule, dealing with each lens one by
+
+9
+00:00:31,180 --> 00:00:36,280
+one dealing with each lens one by one we will
+
+10
+00:00:36,280 --> 00:00:38,500
+separate this and 
+
+11
+00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:47,820
+We will deal with each lens one by one, we say as 
+
+12
+00:00:47,820 --> 00:00:56,360
+follows Deal
+
+13
+00:00:56,360 --> 00:01:01,400
+with the first lens, a body 20 cm away from it,
+
+14
+00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:06,100
+we say U is equal to minus N by O
+
+15
+00:01:08,850 --> 00:01:13,630
+ليش ناقص لإن الضوء divergent ويساوي ناقص واحد على
+
+16
+00:01:13,630 --> 00:01:17,470
+العشرين سانتي اللي هي مسافة ال object اللي هي
+
+17
+00:01:17,470 --> 00:01:22,050
+اتنين من عشرة متر ويساوي
+
+18
+00:01:22,050 --> 00:01:28,090
+ناقص خمسة والمتر في المقام بيطلع بيصير متر و ناقص 
+
+19
+00:01:28,090 --> 00:01:34,610
+واحد يعني ديوتر إذا ال U ال U ناقص خمسة ديوتر
+
+20
+00:01:37,010 --> 00:01:41,170
+minus 5 diopter put it on the front surface of the 
+
+21
+00:01:41,170 --> 00:01:46,070
+lens the
+
+22
+00:01:46,070 --> 00:01:50,350
+light reached a wavelength of 5 diopter wavelength 
+
+23
+00:01:50,350 --> 00:01:54,470
+of 5 diopter the power of the lens is 5.5 how much
+
+24
+00:01:54,470 --> 00:01:58,250
+power will remain with the lens to collect this
+
+25
+00:01:58,250 --> 00:02:01,090
+light we will go to the equation of the fin lens
+
+26
+00:02:01,090 --> 00:02:09,750
+equation which is u plus power equalsthe U minus 5
+
+27
+00:02:09,750 --> 00:02:20,030
+diopter and the power plus 5.5 diopter equals
+
+28
+00:02:20,030 --> 00:02:28,270
+V so V equals plus 0.5 diopter plus 0.5 means it 
+
+29
+00:02:28,270 --> 00:02:32,750
+remains with the lens 0.5 diopter This plus and a 
+
+30
+00:02:32,750 --> 00:02:34,510
+half means that the light will come out as a 
+
+31
+00:02:34,510 --> 00:02:38,350
+cluster after it was scattered inside in the
+
+32
+00:02:38,350 --> 00:02:44,050
+amount of plus and a half diodes This is what we
+
+33
+00:02:44,050 --> 00:02:53,130
+put on the back of the lens Now,
+
+34
+00:02:53,850 --> 00:02:56,570
+as long as the light is a cluster, then It will
+
+35
+00:02:56,570 --> 00:02:59,250
+give me a real picture. I want to know where the
+
+36
+00:02:59,250 --> 00:03:03,050
+air is in the vacuum. We say V is equal to
+
+37
+00:03:03,050 --> 00:03:09,970
+conditional on I So 
+
+38
+00:03:09,970 --> 00:03:19,430
+I is equal to conditional on V And it is equal to
+
+39
+00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:24,210
+conditional one, we are in the air, on V plus half
+
+40
+00:03:24,210 --> 00:03:24,830
+a diopter
+
+41
+00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:37,220
+ويساوي واحد ع plus نص plus اتنين والديوبتر متر او
+
+42
+00:03:37,220 --> 00:03:41,080
+ناقص واحد في المقام لما بيطلع لفوق بيسير متر اذا 
+
+43
+00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:45,320
+الصورة ع بعد اتنين متر لليمين طالما plus اذا
+
+44
+00:03:45,320 --> 00:03:49,500
+لليمين من العدسة العدسة مين الأولى احنا بنتعامل مع
+
+45
+00:03:49,500 --> 00:03:54,300
+العدسة الأولى اذا plus اتنين متر لازم احط موقع
+
+46
+00:03:54,300 --> 00:03:58,740
+الصورة المسافة بين العدسة الأولى و التانية متر But 
+
+47
+00:03:58,740 --> 00:04:02,640
+the picture of the first lens is two meters away
+
+48
+00:04:02,640 --> 00:04:05,040
+from the first lens. So it needs a meter here and
+
+49
+00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:13,380
+another meter and another meter. So I
+
+50
+00:04:13,380 --> 00:04:16,820
+will take the picture away another meter from the 
+
+51
+00:04:16,820 --> 00:04:19,480
+second lens because it is two meters away from the
+
+52
+00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:22,580
+first lens and I will flip the picture, why?
+
+53
+00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:25,980
+because the picture will look twisted as we will
+
+54
+00:04:25,980 --> 00:04:29,460
+see later if you notice I drew a big picture on
+
+55
+00:04:29,460 --> 00:04:33,060
+the end we 
+
+56
+00:04:33,060 --> 00:04:37,700
+will know why in a while drawing sometimes helps a 
+
+57
+00:04:37,700 --> 00:04:45,960
+lot in a person to reach a result هي على بعد متر من
+
+58
+00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:49,260
+العدسة التانية وعبعد مترين من العدسة الأولى اللى
+
+59
+00:04:49,260 --> 00:04:52,120
+كونتها هنا واحد متر
+
+60
+00:04:58,640 --> 00:05:02,240
+we will make the color of the image blue and the 
+
+61
+00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:04,420
+color of the body blue and the lens blue to say 
+
+62
+00:05:04,420 --> 00:05:07,720
+this is the picture of the first lens this is the 
+
+63
+00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:10,800
+picture of the first lens why I drew it in a very 
+
+64
+00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,060
+big way we will know from the transference
+
+65
+00:05:13,060 --> 00:05:15,480
+magnification why it is big and why it is twisted 
+
+66
+00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:21,000
+we say TM1 we 
+
+67
+00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:21,860
+go back to the
+
+68
+00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:44,200
+TM1 is equal to U over V is equal to U minus 5
+
+69
+00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:54,920
+diopter and V plus half diopter is 
+
+70
+00:05:54,920 --> 00:06:00,140
+equal to Minus on plus, of course X because it's
+
+71
+00:06:00,140 --> 00:06:05,160
+big Minus, minus on plus, minus Five on half, ten 
+
+72
+00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:09,920
+I get X minus ten and the diopter with the diopter
+
+73
+00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:16,060
+goes Let's give it another color
+
+74
+00:06:16,060 --> 00:06:21,940
+Let's
+
+75
+00:06:21,940 --> 00:06:23,280
+say, then
+
+76
+00:06:29,420 --> 00:06:33,280
+x minus 10, the first picture is bigger than its 
+
+77
+00:06:33,280 --> 00:06:37,100
+body by 10 times and it is upside down compared to
+
+78
+00:06:37,100 --> 00:06:40,800
+it and it is upside down compared to it we .. the
+
+79
+00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:43,300
+.. the .. the view is supposed to be handy in the
+
+80
+00:06:43,300 --> 00:06:52,000
+following way when
+
+81
+00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,060
+I start dealing with each lens one by one
+
+82
+00:07:09,250 --> 00:07:12,850
+It should look like what we see. It's one lens,
+
+83
+00:07:13,470 --> 00:07:17,390
+one body and one image. Now that we're done with
+
+84
+00:07:17,390 --> 00:07:20,870
+the first lens, we want to deal with the second
+
+85
+00:07:20,870 --> 00:07:21,490
+lens.
+
+86
+00:07:29,180 --> 00:07:33,220
+this is my second lens and this is my body which
+
+87
+00:07:33,220 --> 00:07:36,820
+is the first lens image but the light will come
+
+88
+00:07:36,820 --> 00:07:42,860
+out divergent from the first lens towards the 
+
+89
+00:07:42,860 --> 00:07:48,120
+formation of an image towards
+
+90
+00:07:48,120 --> 00:07:52,060
+the formation of an image this image before it 
+
+91
+00:07:52,060 --> 00:07:54,700
+catches up it becomes a real image because of the
+
+92
+00:07:54,700 --> 00:07:59,590
+light because of the v in the plus because the V is
+
+93
+00:07:59,590 --> 00:08:04,430
+in the plus sign Before it was formed here, it 
+
+94
+00:08:04,430 --> 00:08:07,070
+collided in the surface of the other lens and it
+
+95
+00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:10,250
+is convergent So as long as it is convergent, then 
+
+96
+00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:12,810
+the U is in the plus sign, so the body of this 
+
+97
+00:08:12,810 --> 00:08:16,930
+lens is virtual Why virtual? Because the real body
+
+98
+00:08:16,930 --> 00:08:20,210
+is always Always, whether it's a real thing or a 
+
+99
+00:08:20,210 --> 00:08:23,790
+picture taken by a divergent light, if it reaches
+
+100
+00:08:23,790 --> 00:08:26,870
+the surface in front of the lens, a divergent
+
+101
+00:08:26,870 --> 00:08:30,530
+light, then the object is real, this lens If it 
+
+102
+00:08:30,530 --> 00:08:32,630
+reaches a convergent light, then the object of
+
+103
+00:08:32,630 --> 00:08:40,980
+this lens So the light will reach the
+
+104
+00:08:40,980 --> 00:08:49,640
+front of the 
+
+105
+00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:53,220
+lens convergent from this body
+
+106
+00:09:04,430 --> 00:09:10,490
+one plus one equals plus one over one why plus?
+
+107
+00:09:11,070 --> 00:09:14,550
+because the light is convergent it will clash on
+
+108
+00:09:14,550 --> 00:09:16,970
+the surface, this is convergent and not divergent
+
+109
+00:09:16,970 --> 00:09:19,630
+and when the light is convergent, we give it a
+
+110
+00:09:19,630 --> 00:09:22,030
+plus sign and when it is divergent, we give it a
+
+111
+00:09:22,030 --> 00:09:28,190
+minus sign we say plus one over the distance of
+
+112
+00:09:28,190 --> 00:09:30,270
+the object how much? the object of the lens will 
+
+113
+00:09:30,270 --> 00:09:34,360
+have a distance of how much? one meter plus one
+
+114
+00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:46,120
+meter y
+
+115
+00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:54,900
+equals plus 
+
+116
+00:09:54,900 --> 00:10:03,930
+one diopter plus one diopter So, U plus one diode 
+
+117
+00:10:03,930 --> 00:10:11,970
+The 
+
+118
+00:10:11,970 --> 00:10:15,270
+front surface of the lens will light up by 
+
+119
+00:10:15,270 --> 00:10:20,190
+collecting one diode The lens will find a 
+
+120
+00:10:20,190 --> 00:10:23,450
+collector and will put its power with it The 
+
+121
+00:10:23,450 --> 00:10:25,210
+collector of the light will increase in its
+
+122
+00:10:25,210 --> 00:10:28,310
+collection So, according to the thin lens equation 
+
+123
+00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:36,960
+u plus power equals v the u plus one diopter plus
+
+124
+00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:44,360
+the power one diopter equals v so v equals plus
+
+125
+00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:49,240
+two diopters plus two diopters v equals plus two
+
+126
+00:10:49,240 --> 00:10:53,360
+diopters now we have to write the back side of the 
+
+127
+00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:57,600
+lens that the light was inside the one diopter
+
+128
+00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,740
+cluster and came out of the two diopters cluster
+
+129
+00:11:05,770 --> 00:11:07,830
+As long as the light comes out as a cluster, it 
+
+130
+00:11:07,830 --> 00:11:14,730
+will form a real picture Where it is, we say V is
+
+131
+00:11:14,730 --> 00:11:21,810
+equal to conditional on I So 
+
+132
+00:11:21,810 --> 00:11:29,670
+I is equal to conditional on V And 
+
+133
+00:11:29,670 --> 00:11:38,930
+it is equal to 1 over plus 2 diopter It is equal to 
+
+134
+00:11:38,930 --> 00:11:43,910
+plus one by two and a half And how can a meter be
+
+135
+00:11:43,910 --> 00:11:46,510
+minus one when it turns out to be plus half a
+
+136
+00:11:46,510 --> 00:11:46,770
+meter?
+
+137
+00:11:50,270 --> 00:11:59,010
+One moment So
+
+138
+00:11:59,010 --> 00:12:05,230
+plus half a meter This
+
+139
+00:12:05,230 --> 00:12:06,210
+is the distance of the number image 
+
+140
+00:12:09,220 --> 00:12:13,260
+So it's half a meter away from the lens. We'll 
+
+141
+00:12:13,260 --> 00:12:17,180
+draw it with the yellow color, which is the
+
+142
+00:12:17,180 --> 00:12:19,620
+picture of the lens, which is the final picture 
+
+143
+00:12:50,220 --> 00:12:55,420
+that's how our final image became complete here
+
+144
+00:12:55,420 --> 00:13:00,200
+the distance is half meter which 
+
+145
+00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:11,900
+is 50 cm square of 
+
+146
+00:13:11,900 --> 00:13:15,810
+course the image common how common if it is under
+
+147
+00:13:15,810 --> 00:13:18,090
+the optical lattice? common with respect to its
+
+148
+00:13:18,090 --> 00:13:21,070
+body this is its body which is the shape of the 
+
+149
+00:13:21,070 --> 00:13:23,450
+first lens let's calculate the second transphase 
+
+150
+00:13:23,450 --> 00:13:36,690
+magnification Tm2
+
+151
+00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:41,450
+equals U over V equals 
+
+152
+00:13:42,980 --> 00:13:49,280
+the u plus one is greater than the v plus two is
+
+153
+00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:56,640
+greater than and equals x plus on plus plus and
+
+154
+00:13:56,640 --> 00:14:01,780
+one on two and a half x plus half means the 
+
+155
+00:14:01,780 --> 00:14:05,100
+picture is regular like a body the body is going
+
+156
+00:14:05,100 --> 00:14:07,700
+down so it is regular like it
+
+157
+00:14:17,130 --> 00:14:22,670
+وجد نص ارتفاع و جد نص ارتفاع Now we have to
+
+158
+00:14:22,670 --> 00:14:26,830
+calculate the total TM Total
+
+159
+00:14:45,080 --> 00:14:53,600
+Tm is equal to Tm1 times Tm2 Tm1 minus 10 times
+
+160
+00:14:53,600 --> 00:15:00,040
+Tm2 plus half is
+
+161
+00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:09,900
+equal to x minus 5 x minus 5 What does Tm total
+
+162
+00:15:09,900 --> 00:15:11,360
+mean? x minus 5 
+
+163
+00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:23,120
+Total x minus 5 is the final picture
+
+164
+00:15:26,570 --> 00:15:30,110
+Turned upside down for the first object, five
+
+165
+00:15:30,110 --> 00:15:34,090
+times its height If its height is five, five 
+
+166
+00:15:34,090 --> 00:15:36,870
+centimeters, the final image is twenty-five
+
+167
+00:15:36,870 --> 00:15:40,350
+centimeters If it is ten centimeters, it is fifty
+
+168
+00:15:40,350 --> 00:15:42,910
+centimeters, five times the height of the first 
+
+169
+00:15:42,910 --> 00:15:47,610
+body This is how the problem ends If someone asks
+
+170
+00:15:47,610 --> 00:15:51,730
+me, for example, we have two images and two bodies
+
+171
+00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,120
+الصورة الأولى جسم للعدسة التانية وطبعا و الجسم
+
+172
+00:15:56,120 --> 00:16:00,580
+الأول ما هو جسم مش صورة الجسم الأول و الجسم التانى
+
+173
+00:16:00,580 --> 00:16:06,660
+مين فيهم virtual و مين فيهم real بنقول بنطلع على
+
+174
+00:16:06,660 --> 00:16:11,750
+ال U ال U هنا minus إذا إن هذا الجسم حقيقي ال U هنا
+
+175
+00:16:11,750 --> 00:16:17,410
+plus معناته هذا الجسم virtual تخيلي طيب الصورتين 
+
+176
+00:16:17,410 --> 00:16:21,970
+حقيقيات ولا تخيليات؟ بنبطلع على ال V إذا ال V في
+
+177
+00:16:21,970 --> 00:16:24,710
+ال plus هي ال V بتاعة العدسة الأولى في ال plus إذا
+
+178
+00:16:24,710 --> 00:16:28,390
+الصورة الأولى real وال V هنا في ال plus إذا
+
+179
+00:16:28,390 --> 00:16:33,490
+الصورة هذه أيضا real إذا الصورتين real بس الجسمين
+
+180
+00:16:33,490 --> 00:16:37,710
+واحد حقيقي واحد تخيلي طيب نيجي نحكي عن الصورة
+
+181
+00:16:37,710 --> 00:16:41,770
+الأولى هل هي صورة حقيقية؟ أه صورة حقيقية لإن ال V
+
+182
+00:16:41,770 --> 00:16:46,990
+ال V plus V plus يعني الأشياء هتتجمع إذا هتتجمع في
+
+183
+00:16:46,990 --> 00:16:51,590
+صورة حقيقية هاي صورة العدسة الأولى هي صورة حقيقية 
+
+184
+00:16:51,590 --> 00:16:56,090
+و لكنها في نفس الوقت جسم تخيلي ليش جسم تخيلي لأن
+
+185
+00:16:56,090 --> 00:17:01,490
+الأشعة اللي رايحة تكون هذه الصورة و هي رايحة و
+
+186
+00:17:01,490 --> 00:17:04,390
+متجمعة ضربت في العدسة التانية إذا هتضرب و هي 
+
+187
+00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:09,390
+متجمعة مش و هي متفارقة إذا الصورة الأولى صورة
+
+188
+00:17:09,390 --> 00:17:14,410
+حقيقية و في نفس الوقت جسم تخيلي جسم تخيلي هيك 
+
+189
+00:17:14,410 --> 00:17:17,330
+بتنتهي المسألة و يعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم 
+
+190
+00:17:17,330 --> 00:17:19,110
+ورحمة الله وبركاته 
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/4bzN82L3BD0_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+1
+00:00:01,430 --> 00:00:04,870
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم عنا مسألة ع موضوع ال
+
+2
+00:00:04,870 --> 00:00:09,630
+virtual object ع موضوع ال virtual object عندي عدسة
+
+3
+00:00:09,630 --> 00:00:14,070
+قوتها plus 5 و نص diopter يقف أمامها على الشمال
+
+4
+00:00:14,070 --> 00:00:17,530
+على بعد عشرين سانتي object first object ريال
+
+5
+00:00:17,530 --> 00:00:21,640
+objectthen there is a meter with a lens with a
+
+6
+00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:24,700
+power of plus one diopter which requires the final
+
+7
+00:00:24,700 --> 00:00:28,160
+image and the total transfer magnification we go
+
+8
+00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:31,180
+back to our rule, dealing with each lens one by
+
+9
+00:00:31,180 --> 00:00:36,280
+one dealing with each lens one by one we will
+
+10
+00:00:36,280 --> 00:00:38,500
+separate this and
+
+11
+00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:47,820
+We will deal with each lens one by one, we say as
+
+12
+00:00:47,820 --> 00:00:56,360
+follows Deal
+
+13
+00:00:56,360 --> 00:01:01,400
+with the first lens, a body 20 cm away from it,
+
+14
+00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:06,100
+we say U is equal to minus N by O
+
+15
+00:01:08,850 --> 00:01:13,630
+ليش ناقص لإن الضوء divergent ويساوي ناقص واحد على
+
+16
+00:01:13,630 --> 00:01:17,470
+العشرين سانتي اللي هي مسافة ال object اللي هي
+
+17
+00:01:17,470 --> 00:01:22,050
+اتنين من عشرة متر ويساوي
+
+18
+00:01:22,050 --> 00:01:28,090
+ناقص خمسة والمتر في المقام بيطلع بيصير متر و ناقص
+
+19
+00:01:28,090 --> 00:01:34,610
+واحد يعني ديوتر إذا ال U ال U ناقص خمسة ديوتر
+
+20
+00:01:37,010 --> 00:01:41,170
+minus 5 diopter put it on the front surface of the
+
+21
+00:01:41,170 --> 00:01:46,070
+lens the
+
+22
+00:01:46,070 --> 00:01:50,350
+light reached a wavelength of 5 diopter wavelength
+
+23
+00:01:50,350 --> 00:01:54,470
+of 5 diopter the power of the lens is 5.5 how much
+
+24
+00:01:54,470 --> 00:01:58,250
+power will remain with the lens to collect this
+
+25
+00:01:58,250 --> 00:02:01,090
+light we will go to the equation of the fin lens
+
+26
+00:02:01,090 --> 00:02:09,750
+equation which is u plus power equalsthe U minus 5
+
+27
+00:02:09,750 --> 00:02:20,030
+diopter and the power plus 5.5 diopter equals
+
+28
+00:02:20,030 --> 00:02:28,270
+V so V equals plus 0.5 diopter plus 0.5 means it
+
+29
+00:02:28,270 --> 00:02:32,750
+remains with the lens 0.5 diopterThis plus and a
+
+30
+00:02:32,750 --> 00:02:34,510
+half means that the light will come out as a
+
+31
+00:02:34,510 --> 00:02:38,350
+cluster after it was scattered inside in the
+
+32
+00:02:38,350 --> 00:02:44,050
+amount of plus and a half diodes This is what we
+
+33
+00:02:44,050 --> 00:02:53,130
+put on the back of the lens Now,
+
+34
+00:02:53,850 --> 00:02:56,570
+as long as the light is a cluster, thenIt will
+
+35
+00:02:56,570 --> 00:02:59,250
+give me a real picture. I want to know where the
+
+36
+00:02:59,250 --> 00:03:03,050
+air is in the vacuum. We say V is equal to
+
+37
+00:03:03,050 --> 00:03:09,970
+conditional on I So
+
+38
+00:03:09,970 --> 00:03:19,430
+I is equal to conditional on V And it is equal to
+
+39
+00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:24,210
+conditional one, we are in the air, on V plus half
+
+40
+00:03:24,210 --> 00:03:24,830
+a diopter
+
+41
+00:03:31,360 --> 00:03:37,220
+ويساوي واحد ع plus نص plus اتنين والديوبتر متر او
+
+42
+00:03:37,220 --> 00:03:41,080
+ناقص واحد في المقام لما بيطلع لفوق بيسير متر اذا
+
+43
+00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:45,320
+الصورة ع بعد اتنين متر لليمين طالما plus اذا
+
+44
+00:03:45,320 --> 00:03:49,500
+لليمين من العدسة العدسة مين الأولى احنا بنتعامل مع
+
+45
+00:03:49,500 --> 00:03:54,300
+العدسة الأولى اذا plus اتنين متر لازم احط موقع
+
+46
+00:03:54,300 --> 00:03:58,740
+الصورة المسافة بين العدسة الأولى و التانية مترBut
+
+47
+00:03:58,740 --> 00:04:02,640
+the picture of the first lens is two meters away
+
+48
+00:04:02,640 --> 00:04:05,040
+from the first lens. So it needs a meter here and
+
+49
+00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:13,380
+another meter and another meter. So I
+
+50
+00:04:13,380 --> 00:04:16,820
+will take the picture awayanother meter from the
+
+51
+00:04:16,820 --> 00:04:19,480
+second lens because it is two meters away from the
+
+52
+00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:22,580
+first lens and I will flip the picture, why?
+
+53
+00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:25,980
+because the picture will look twisted as we will
+
+54
+00:04:25,980 --> 00:04:29,460
+see later if you notice I drew a big picture on
+
+55
+00:04:29,460 --> 00:04:33,060
+the end we
+
+56
+00:04:33,060 --> 00:04:37,700
+will know why in a while drawing sometimes helps a
+
+57
+00:04:37,700 --> 00:04:45,960
+lot in a person to reach a resultهي على بعد متر من
+
+58
+00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:49,260
+العدسة التانية وعبعد مترين من العدسة الأولى اللى
+
+59
+00:04:49,260 --> 00:04:52,120
+كونتها هنا واحد متر
+
+60
+00:04:58,640 --> 00:05:02,240
+we will make the color of the image blue and the
+
+61
+00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:04,420
+color of the body blue and the lens blue to say
+
+62
+00:05:04,420 --> 00:05:07,720
+this is the picture of the first lens this is the
+
+63
+00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:10,800
+picture of the first lens why I drew it in a very
+
+64
+00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,060
+big way we will know from the transference
+
+65
+00:05:13,060 --> 00:05:15,480
+magnification why it is big and why it is twisted
+
+66
+00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:21,000
+we say TM1 we
+
+67
+00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:21,860
+go back to the
+
+68
+00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:44,200
+TM1 is equal to U over V is equal to U minus 5
+
+69
+00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:54,920
+diopter and V plus half diopter is
+
+70
+00:05:54,920 --> 00:06:00,140
+equal toMinus on plus, of course X because it's
+
+71
+00:06:00,140 --> 00:06:05,160
+big Minus, minus on plus, minus Five on half, ten
+
+72
+00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:09,920
+I get X minus ten and the diopter with the diopter
+
+73
+00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:16,060
+goes Let's give it another color
+
+74
+00:06:16,060 --> 00:06:21,940
+Let's
+
+75
+00:06:21,940 --> 00:06:23,280
+say, then
+
+76
+00:06:29,420 --> 00:06:33,280
+x minus 10, the first picture is bigger than its
+
+77
+00:06:33,280 --> 00:06:37,100
+body by 10 times and it is upside down compared to
+
+78
+00:06:37,100 --> 00:06:40,800
+it and it is upside down compared to it we .. the
+
+79
+00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:43,300
+.. the .. the view is supposed to be handy in the
+
+80
+00:06:43,300 --> 00:06:52,000
+following way when
+
+81
+00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,060
+I start dealing with each lens one by one
+
+82
+00:07:09,250 --> 00:07:12,850
+It should look like what we see. It's one lens,
+
+83
+00:07:13,470 --> 00:07:17,390
+one body and one image. Now that we're done with
+
+84
+00:07:17,390 --> 00:07:20,870
+the first lens, we want to deal with the second
+
+85
+00:07:20,870 --> 00:07:21,490
+lens.
+
+86
+00:07:29,180 --> 00:07:33,220
+this is my second lens and this is my body which
+
+87
+00:07:33,220 --> 00:07:36,820
+is the first lens image but the light will come
+
+88
+00:07:36,820 --> 00:07:42,860
+out divergent from the first lens towards the
+
+89
+00:07:42,860 --> 00:07:48,120
+formation of an image towards
+
+90
+00:07:48,120 --> 00:07:52,060
+the formation of an image this image before it
+
+91
+00:07:52,060 --> 00:07:54,700
+catches up it becomes a real image because of the
+
+92
+00:07:54,700 --> 00:07:59,590
+light because of the v in the plusbecause the V is
+
+93
+00:07:59,590 --> 00:08:04,430
+in the plus sign Before it was formed here, it
+
+94
+00:08:04,430 --> 00:08:07,070
+collided in the surface of the other lens and it
+
+95
+00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:10,250
+is convergent So as long as it is convergent, then
+
+96
+00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:12,810
+the U is in the plus sign, so the body of this
+
+97
+00:08:12,810 --> 00:08:16,930
+lens is virtual Why virtual? Because the real body
+
+98
+00:08:16,930 --> 00:08:20,210
+is alwaysAlways, whether it's a real thing or a
+
+99
+00:08:20,210 --> 00:08:23,790
+picture taken by a divergent light, if it reaches
+
+100
+00:08:23,790 --> 00:08:26,870
+the surface in front of the lens, a divergent
+
+101
+00:08:26,870 --> 00:08:30,530
+light, then the object is real, this lens If it
+
+102
+00:08:30,530 --> 00:08:32,630
+reaches a convergent light, then the object of
+
+103
+00:08:32,630 --> 00:08:40,980
+this lensSo the light will reach the
+
+104
+00:08:40,980 --> 00:08:49,640
+front of the
+
+105
+00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:53,220
+lens convergent from this body
+
+106
+00:09:04,430 --> 00:09:10,490
+one plus one equals plus one over one why plus?
+
+107
+00:09:11,070 --> 00:09:14,550
+because the light is convergent it will clash on
+
+108
+00:09:14,550 --> 00:09:16,970
+the surface, this is convergent and not divergent
+
+109
+00:09:16,970 --> 00:09:19,630
+and when the light is convergent, we give it a
+
+110
+00:09:19,630 --> 00:09:22,030
+plus sign and when it is divergent, we give it a
+
+111
+00:09:22,030 --> 00:09:28,190
+minus sign we say plus one over the distance of
+
+112
+00:09:28,190 --> 00:09:30,270
+the object how much? the object of the lens will
+
+113
+00:09:30,270 --> 00:09:34,360
+have a distance of how much? one meter plus one
+
+114
+00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:46,120
+meter y
+
+115
+00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:54,900
+equals plus
+
+116
+00:09:54,900 --> 00:10:03,930
+one diopter plus one diopterSo, U plus one diode
+
+117
+00:10:03,930 --> 00:10:11,970
+The
+
+118
+00:10:11,970 --> 00:10:15,270
+front surface of the lens will light up by
+
+119
+00:10:15,270 --> 00:10:20,190
+collecting one diode The lens will find a
+
+120
+00:10:20,190 --> 00:10:23,450
+collector and will put its power with it The
+
+121
+00:10:23,450 --> 00:10:25,210
+collector of the light will increase in its
+
+122
+00:10:25,210 --> 00:10:28,310
+collection So, according to the thin lens equation
+
+123
+00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:36,960
+u plus power equals vthe u plus one diopter plus
+
+124
+00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:44,360
+the power one diopter equals v so v equals plus
+
+125
+00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:49,240
+two diopters plus two diopters v equals plus two
+
+126
+00:10:49,240 --> 00:10:53,360
+diopters now we have to write the back side of the
+
+127
+00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:57,600
+lens that the light was inside the one diopter
+
+128
+00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,740
+cluster and came out of the two diopters cluster
+
+129
+00:11:05,770 --> 00:11:07,830
+As long as the light comes out as a cluster, it
+
+130
+00:11:07,830 --> 00:11:14,730
+will form a real picture Where it is, we say V is
+
+131
+00:11:14,730 --> 00:11:21,810
+equal to conditional on I So
+
+132
+00:11:21,810 --> 00:11:29,670
+I is equal to conditional on V And
+
+133
+00:11:29,670 --> 00:11:38,930
+it is equal to 1 over plus 2 diopterIt is equal to
+
+134
+00:11:38,930 --> 00:11:43,910
+plus one by two and a half And how can a meter be
+
+135
+00:11:43,910 --> 00:11:46,510
+minus one when it turns out to be plus half a
+
+136
+00:11:46,510 --> 00:11:46,770
+meter?
+
+137
+00:11:50,270 --> 00:11:59,010
+One moment So
+
+138
+00:11:59,010 --> 00:12:05,230
+plus half a meter This
+
+139
+00:12:05,230 --> 00:12:06,210
+is the distance of the number image
+
+140
+00:12:09,220 --> 00:12:13,260
+So it's half a meter away from the lens. We'll
+
+141
+00:12:13,260 --> 00:12:17,180
+draw it with the yellow color, which is the
+
+142
+00:12:17,180 --> 00:12:19,620
+picture of the lens, which is the final picture
+
+143
+00:12:50,220 --> 00:12:55,420
+that's how our final image became complete here
+
+144
+00:12:55,420 --> 00:13:00,200
+the distance is half meter which
+
+145
+00:13:00,200 --> 00:13:11,900
+is 50 cm square of
+
+146
+00:13:11,900 --> 00:13:15,810
+course the imagecommon how common if it is under
+
+147
+00:13:15,810 --> 00:13:18,090
+the optical lattice? common with respect to its
+
+148
+00:13:18,090 --> 00:13:21,070
+body this is its body which is the shape of the
+
+149
+00:13:21,070 --> 00:13:23,450
+first lens let's calculate the second transphase
+
+150
+00:13:23,450 --> 00:13:36,690
+magnification Tm2
+
+151
+00:13:36,690 --> 00:13:41,450
+equals U over V equals
+
+152
+00:13:42,980 --> 00:13:49,280
+the u plus one is greater than the v plus two is
+
+153
+00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:56,640
+greater than and equals x plus on plus plus and
+
+154
+00:13:56,640 --> 00:14:01,780
+one on two and a half x plus half means the
+
+155
+00:14:01,780 --> 00:14:05,100
+picture is regular like a body the body is going
+
+156
+00:14:05,100 --> 00:14:07,700
+down so it is regular like it
+
+157
+00:14:17,130 --> 00:14:22,670
+وجد نص ارتفاع و جد نص ارتفاع Now we have to
+
+158
+00:14:22,670 --> 00:14:26,830
+calculate the total TM Total
+
+159
+00:14:45,080 --> 00:14:53,600
+Tm is equal to Tm1 times Tm2 Tm1 minus 10 times
+
+160
+00:14:53,600 --> 00:15:00,040
+Tm2 plus half is
+
+161
+00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:09,900
+equal to x minus 5 x minus 5 What does Tm total
+
+162
+00:15:09,900 --> 00:15:11,360
+mean? x minus 5
+
+163
+00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:23,120
+Total x minus 5 is the final picture
+
+164
+00:15:26,570 --> 00:15:30,110
+Turned upside down for the first object, five
+
+165
+00:15:30,110 --> 00:15:34,090
+times its height If its height is five, five
+
+166
+00:15:34,090 --> 00:15:36,870
+centimeters, the final image is twenty-five
+
+167
+00:15:36,870 --> 00:15:40,350
+centimeters If it is ten centimeters, it is fifty
+
+168
+00:15:40,350 --> 00:15:42,910
+centimeters, five times the height of the first
+
+169
+00:15:42,910 --> 00:15:47,610
+body This is how the problem ends If someone asks
+
+170
+00:15:47,610 --> 00:15:51,730
+me, for example, we have two images and two bodies
+
+171
+00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,120
+الصورة الأولى جسم للعدسة التانية وطبعا و الجسم
+
+172
+00:15:56,120 --> 00:16:00,580
+الأول ما هو جسم مش صورة الجسم الأول و الجسم التانى
+
+173
+00:16:00,580 --> 00:16:06,660
+مين فيهم virtual و مين فيهم real بنقول بنطلع على
+
+174
+00:16:06,660 --> 00:16:11,750
+ال U ال U هنا minus إذا إن هذا الجسم حقيقيالـU هنا
+
+175
+00:16:11,750 --> 00:16:17,410
+plus معناته هذا الجسم virtual، تخيلي، طيب الصورتين
+
+176
+00:16:17,410 --> 00:16:21,970
+حقيقيات ولا تخيليات؟ بنبطلع على ال V، إذا ال V في
+
+177
+00:16:21,970 --> 00:16:24,710
+ال plus، هى ال V بتاعة العدسة الأولى في ال plus،
+
+178
+00:16:24,710 --> 00:16:28,390
+إذا الصورة الأولى realوال V هنا في ال plus إذا
+
+179
+00:16:28,390 --> 00:16:33,490
+الصورة هذه أيضا real إذا الصورتين real بس الجسمين
+
+180
+00:16:33,490 --> 00:16:37,710
+واحد حقيقي واحد تخيلي طيب نيجي نحكي عن الصورة
+
+181
+00:16:37,710 --> 00:16:41,770
+الأولى هل هي صورة حقيقية؟ أه صورة حقيقية لإن ال V
+
+182
+00:16:41,770 --> 00:16:46,990
+ال V plus V plus يعني الأشياء هتتجمع إذا هتتجمع في
+
+183
+00:16:46,990 --> 00:16:51,590
+صورة حقيقية، هاي صورة العدسة الأولىهي صورة حقيقية
+
+184
+00:16:51,590 --> 00:16:56,090
+و لكنها في نفس الوقت جسم تخيلي، ليش جسم تخيلي؟ لأن
+
+185
+00:16:56,090 --> 00:17:01,490
+الأشعة اللي رايحة تكون هذه الصورة و هي رايحة و
+
+186
+00:17:01,490 --> 00:17:04,390
+متجمعة، ضربت في العدسة التانية، إذا هتضرب و هي
+
+187
+00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:09,390
+متجمعة، مش و هي متفارقة، إذا الصورة الأولى صورة
+
+188
+00:17:09,390 --> 00:17:14,410
+حقيقية و في نفس الوقت جسم تخيلي، جسم تخيلي، هيك
+
+189
+00:17:14,410 --> 00:17:17,330
+بتنتهي المسألة و يعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم
+
+190
+00:17:17,330 --> 00:17:19,110
+ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/5Bo-T07tCcM_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1596 @@
+1
+00:00:01,640 --> 00:00:04,700
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنواصل محاضرات الـ
+
+2
+00:00:04,700 --> 00:00:07,380
+Geometric Optics، ووصلنا لموضوع الـ Gaussian
+
+3
+00:00:07,380 --> 00:00:11,340
+Reduction أو الـ Gaussian Reduction. Thus far, we
+
+4
+00:00:11,340 --> 00:00:13,900
+have discussed the properties of a single optical
+
+5
+00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:17,550
+systemThe treatment of refractive errors usually
+
+6
+00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:21,010
+involves adding a lens to an existing optical
+
+7
+00:00:21,010 --> 00:00:24,310
+system, the patient's eye. When we were in
+
+8
+00:00:24,310 --> 00:00:27,450
+previous discussions and lectures, we were
+
+9
+00:00:27,450 --> 00:00:31,690
+discussing single optical systems. Now, when it
+
+10
+00:00:31,690 --> 00:00:34,490
+comes to the treatment of refractive errors, such
+
+11
+00:00:34,490 --> 00:00:38,530
+as myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism, we add
+
+12
+00:00:38,530 --> 00:00:43,810
+a lens.we are adding a lens to an existing optical
+
+13
+00:00:43,810 --> 00:00:47,070
+system لأ optical system موجود بالأساس وهو عين
+
+14
+00:00:47,070 --> 00:00:50,630
+المريض وطبعا لما بنقول عين المريض بنقصد في optical
+
+15
+00:00:50,630 --> 00:00:54,090
+system مكوّن من الكورنيا ومن ال crystalline lens
+
+16
+00:00:54,090 --> 00:00:58,910
+Gaussian reduction describes what happens when two
+
+17
+00:00:58,910 --> 00:01:01,870
+optical systems such as the correcting lens and
+
+18
+00:01:01,870 --> 00:01:07,900
+the eye are combined معروف أنهكل optical system
+
+19
+00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:11,040
+لحال العين ك optical system و ال correcting lens
+
+20
+00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:15,300
+سواء plus أو minus سواء cylindrical lens أو sphero
+
+21
+00:01:15,300 --> 00:01:19,400
+cylindrical lens تعتبر optical lens لحال كل
+
+22
+00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:22,800
+optical system لوحده له three pairs of cardinal
+
+23
+00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:26,120
+points of cardinal points اللي هو two nodal و two
+
+24
+00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:32,610
+focal و two principal pointsلما بنضيف two optical
+
+25
+00:01:32,610 --> 00:01:35,950
+system لبعض من البعض، إيش اللي بيحصل عندي؟ اللي
+
+26
+00:01:35,950 --> 00:01:39,670
+بيحصل عندي إنه أنا بصير عندي new optical system،
+
+27
+00:01:39,670 --> 00:01:43,350
+إله طاقم جديد من ال cardinal points When two
+
+28
+00:01:43,350 --> 00:01:47,790
+optical systems each with its own cardinal points
+
+29
+00:01:47,790 --> 00:01:51,210
+are combined، a totally new، بنأكد على كلمة
+
+30
+00:01:51,210 --> 00:01:56,000
+totally new بمعنى إنه جديد جداa totally new
+
+31
+00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:01,300
+optical system is created يعني بيصبح عندي optical
+
+32
+00:02:01,300 --> 00:02:05,940
+system جديد بأعمله توصيف بواسطة new set of
+
+33
+00:02:05,940 --> 00:02:10,220
+cardinal points يعني إله يعني تلت أزواج من ال
+
+34
+00:02:10,220 --> 00:02:12,920
+reference points أو تلت أزواج من ال cardinal
+
+35
+00:02:12,920 --> 00:02:14,800
+points تختلف عن
+
+36
+00:02:19,730 --> 00:02:22,950
+The thick lens equation is used to reduce the two
+
+37
+00:02:22,950 --> 00:02:26,550
+individual systems to a single system with its own
+
+38
+00:02:26,550 --> 00:02:28,450
+set of cardinal points
+
+39
+00:02:33,190 --> 00:02:38,870
+عشان ال .. ال .. ال new optical system يعني يوصفوه
+
+40
+00:02:38,870 --> 00:02:43,450
+.. إيش يعني يوصفوه؟ يعني يحددوا أماكن ال focal
+
+41
+00:02:43,450 --> 00:02:47,350
+points بتاعته و ال nodal points بتاعته و ال
+
+42
+00:02:47,350 --> 00:02:51,390
+principal points Typically, the combined systems'
+
+43
+00:02:51,590 --> 00:02:54,650
+cardinal points and power differ from those of
+
+44
+00:02:54,650 --> 00:02:58,210
+either of the individual systems يعني ما حد يتخيل
+
+45
+00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:08,840
+No one can imagine that the
+
+46
+00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:12,360
+new optical system is a combination of cardinal
+
+47
+00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:13,020
+points. No.
+
+48
+00:03:23,140 --> 00:03:25,640
+I will try to see a picture to describe this case.
+
+49
+00:03:28,980 --> 00:03:32,840
+This is my eye. The eye is an optical system and
+
+50
+00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:36,140
+the lens is a different optical system from it The
+
+51
+00:03:36,140 --> 00:03:39,160
+lens itself has three pairs of cardinal points. It
+
+52
+00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:42,600
+has focal points, nodal points and principal
+
+53
+00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:48,020
+points. And the eye itself has principal points,
+
+54
+00:03:48,140 --> 00:03:51,220
+nodal points and focal points. When both join
+
+55
+00:03:51,220 --> 00:03:55,700
+togetherبعملهم combination بمعنى أنه بلبس المريض
+
+56
+00:03:55,700 --> 00:03:59,820
+العدسة أو بلبس النضارة بصير عندي a new optical
+
+57
+00:03:59,820 --> 00:04:03,040
+system عبارة عن عدسة minus مثلا زي ما الرسمها
+
+58
+00:04:03,040 --> 00:04:07,280
+بتوضح cornea and lens فبالتالي هذا ال new optical
+
+59
+00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:11,500
+system له three new pairs of cardinal points يعني
+
+60
+00:04:11,500 --> 00:04:15,300
+ماجيش أخد ال anterior focal point مثلا من العدسة
+
+61
+00:04:15,810 --> 00:04:18,030
+and the posterior focal point from the eye. No,
+
+62
+00:04:18,390 --> 00:04:23,610
+but I will have a new group of cardinal points.
+
+63
+00:04:23,610 --> 00:04:26,810
+Typically the combined optical, the combined
+
+64
+00:04:26,810 --> 00:04:30,150
+systems cardinal points and power, the cardinal
+
+65
+00:04:30,150 --> 00:04:33,640
+points of the new systemAnd its power is different
+
+66
+00:04:33,640 --> 00:04:39,660
+from the previous two components, which are the
+
+67
+00:04:39,660 --> 00:04:43,440
+eye as an optical system and the lens as an
+
+68
+00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:45,600
+optical system. It is completely different from
+
+69
+00:04:45,600 --> 00:04:46,540
+them to the new system
+
+70
+00:04:49,150 --> 00:04:52,050
+Clinically, Gaussian reduction is most important
+
+71
+00:04:52,050 --> 00:04:54,770
+in conjunction with the correction of ametropias
+
+72
+00:04:54,770 --> 00:04:58,430
+and in the calculation of IOL
+
+73
+00:05:08,540 --> 00:05:10,520
+The power of the lens that is produced after the
+
+74
+00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:12,340
+production of white water becomes very important
+
+75
+00:05:12,340 --> 00:05:17,320
+for Gaussian reduction to determine the cardinal
+
+76
+00:05:17,320 --> 00:05:20,980
+points of the new system.
+
+77
+00:05:22,960 --> 00:05:26,420
+This is for Gaussian reduction. We come today to
+
+78
+00:05:26,420 --> 00:05:29,990
+another topic which is the Knaps law.Knapp's law,
+
+79
+00:05:30,510 --> 00:05:35,510
+the beta principle and the lensmeter One problem
+
+80
+00:05:35,510 --> 00:05:38,230
+in treating refractive errors is that the
+
+81
+00:05:38,230 --> 00:05:41,050
+correcting lens often changes the size of the
+
+82
+00:05:41,050 --> 00:05:41,930
+original image.
+
+83
+00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:58,720
+لما بحط عدسة أمام العين ممكن حجم الصورة على ال
+
+84
+00:05:58,720 --> 00:06:03,060
+retina يكون مختلف لأنه العدسة اللي أنا بحطها سواء
+
+85
+00:06:03,060 --> 00:06:06,620
+plus أو minus ممكن تعمل magnification أو
+
+86
+00:06:06,620 --> 00:06:10,140
+minification فبالتالي if the retinal image in one
+
+87
+00:06:10,140 --> 00:06:14,140
+eye differs in size from that on the other eye the
+
+88
+00:06:14,140 --> 00:06:16,780
+difference is usually tolerated by the patient
+
+89
+00:06:16,780 --> 00:06:19,540
+unless different
+
+90
+00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:36,200
+different retinal image size بمعنى
+
+91
+00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:44,120
+آخر لو أخدنا الصورة I ربما تكون معبرة يعني نحاول
+
+92
+00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:45,480
+ننسخها و نكبرها
+
+93
+00:07:11,590 --> 00:07:13,530
+this is a picture of a human, it will come to the
+
+94
+00:07:13,530 --> 00:07:18,930
+network if I have ... if I have ... of course here
+
+95
+00:07:18,930 --> 00:07:22,790
+this is for another topic, but when the size of
+
+96
+00:07:22,790 --> 00:07:32,370
+the picture is different on the network this
+
+97
+00:07:32,370 --> 00:07:36,970
+is the size of the picture highlighted in blue the
+
+98
+00:07:36,970 --> 00:07:40,490
+size of the picture hereIt's totally different
+
+99
+00:07:40,490 --> 00:07:41,950
+from the size of the picture here. The size of the
+
+100
+00:07:41,950 --> 00:07:44,310
+picture here is much larger. Let's assume that
+
+101
+00:07:44,310 --> 00:07:46,510
+here is the right eye and here is the left eye. So
+
+102
+00:07:46,510 --> 00:07:49,610
+when the retinal image size is different, the
+
+103
+00:07:49,610 --> 00:07:53,410
+brain can only handle small differences. That is,
+
+104
+00:07:53,410 --> 00:07:56,430
+for adults, it can handle up to 8% difference in
+
+105
+00:07:56,430 --> 00:08:00,040
+the height of the picture.and for children it's up
+
+106
+00:08:00,040 --> 00:08:02,880
+to 12% if it's more than that, so this picture is
+
+107
+00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:06,800
+twice or three quarters bigger than this picture,
+
+108
+00:08:07,300 --> 00:08:10,060
+so it's going to be double. So what makes a
+
+109
+00:08:10,060 --> 00:08:13,380
+picture big and small? The correcting lens that I
+
+110
+00:08:13,380 --> 00:08:18,260
+usemungkin تعمل minification أو magnification يعني
+
+111
+00:08:18,260 --> 00:08:23,080
+ممكن تصغر صورة أو تكبر صورة بسبب ال difference في
+
+112
+00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:25,960
+ال refractive error between the two eyes فبالتالي
+
+113
+00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:29,500
+هذه هي الفكرة. So the adult brain can fuse retinal
+
+114
+00:08:29,500 --> 00:08:34,080
+images that differ in size by as much as تمانية في
+
+115
+00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:37,660
+المية. The child's brain can handle an even
+
+116
+00:08:37,660 --> 00:08:43,150
+greater disparity. بمعنى آخر المخ الإنسان البالغ،
+
+117
+00:08:43,150 --> 00:08:46,510
+دماغ الإنسان البالغ بقدر .. بقدر يدمج صورتين من
+
+118
+00:08:46,510 --> 00:08:51,290
+العين تان إذا كان الفارق في حجم الصور ما .. لا
+
+119
+00:08:51,290 --> 00:08:53,810
+يزيد عن تمانية في المية، يعني واحدة أكبر من واحدة
+
+120
+00:08:53,810 --> 00:08:57,210
+بتمانية في المية، سبعة في المية، خمسة في الميةOr
+
+121
+00:08:57,210 --> 00:09:02,610
+smaller than that value But more than 8% is double
+
+122
+00:09:02,610 --> 00:09:07,110
+For the child's brain, the child's brain can bear
+
+123
+00:09:07,110 --> 00:09:10,910
+bigger differences I mean, some studies say that
+
+124
+00:09:10,910 --> 00:09:15,850
+up to 12% can bear differences in the size of the
+
+125
+00:09:15,850 --> 00:09:18,690
+retinal image size What causes the retinal image
+
+126
+00:09:18,690 --> 00:09:22,840
+size?Difference, low correction of refractive
+
+127
+00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:26,040
+error. When I have an unequal refractive error in
+
+128
+00:09:26,040 --> 00:09:29,480
+both eyes, for example eye plus one and eye plus
+
+129
+00:09:29,480 --> 00:09:35,120
+seven, and I fix this issue, then when I use plus
+
+130
+00:09:35,120 --> 00:09:37,660
+seven in front of the eye that has hypermetropia
+
+131
+00:09:37,660 --> 00:09:41,240
+plus seven, it will do magnification greater than
+
+132
+00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:44,410
+what it does to plus one.فبالتالي و ايضا في ال
+
+133
+00:09:44,410 --> 00:09:47,470
+minus هذا الكلام برضه صحيح هتكون التصغير كل ما
+
+134
+00:09:47,470 --> 00:09:53,470
+كبرت العدسة بيكون عندها minification اكتر طيب اجا
+
+135
+00:09:53,470 --> 00:09:58,490
+العالم Knaps و حط قانون عشان يحل المشكلة هاي عشان
+
+136
+00:09:58,490 --> 00:10:03,570
+يحل المشكلة هاي ماذا ينص او على ماذا ينص قانون
+
+137
+00:10:03,570 --> 00:10:07,820
+Knaps according to Knaps lawThe size of retinal
+
+138
+00:10:07,820 --> 00:10:11,300
+image does not change when the center of the
+
+139
+00:10:11,300 --> 00:10:16,080
+correcting lens, or, to be precise, the posterior
+
+140
+00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:20,040
+nodal point of the correcting lens coincides with
+
+141
+00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:22,280
+the anterior focal point of the eye.
+
+142
+00:10:25,820 --> 00:10:28,220
+Even if the refractive error is different between
+
+143
+00:10:28,220 --> 00:10:30,480
+the two lenses And we want to testify that the
+
+144
+00:10:30,480 --> 00:10:34,920
+glasses with their different lenses are enlarged
+
+145
+00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:36,880
+or reduced We want the image size to remain
+
+146
+00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:40,380
+constant and we want to put a condition We say the
+
+147
+00:10:40,380 --> 00:10:46,440
+retinal image size does not change when the center
+
+148
+00:10:51,440 --> 00:11:01,840
+When the center of the correcting lens Coincides
+
+149
+00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:05,120
+with the anterior focal point of the eye
+
+150
+00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:20,240
+وهي عندنا ال nodal point بتاعتها ال nodal point
+
+151
+00:11:20,240 --> 00:11:23,620
+بتاعتها هاد ال nodal point بتاعت ال correcting
+
+152
+00:11:23,620 --> 00:11:28,320
+lens ال posterior nodal point وممكن تكون منطبق على
+
+153
+00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:30,900
+ال anterior nodal point بس مش هاد موضوعنا ال
+
+154
+00:11:30,900 --> 00:11:34,280
+posterior nodal point بتاعت ال correcting lens و
+
+155
+00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:39,560
+ال anterior focal focus ال FA بتاعت ال eye هم في
+
+156
+00:11:39,560 --> 00:11:44,420
+نفس المكان في الفرار طيب لما الشعاق بيجيfrom the
+
+157
+00:11:44,420 --> 00:11:47,080
+object that a person looks at wearing his glasses
+
+158
+00:11:48,730 --> 00:11:51,590
+The light that enters the nodal point does not
+
+159
+00:11:51,590 --> 00:11:54,370
+change its path, as we know, whatever world you go
+
+160
+00:11:54,370 --> 00:11:57,030
+to, there is no refraction. The light that enters
+
+161
+00:11:57,030 --> 00:12:00,750
+the nodal point does not change its path for this
+
+162
+00:12:00,750 --> 00:12:04,450
+lens. Okay, it's true that it entered the nodal
+
+163
+00:12:04,450 --> 00:12:07,670
+point of the lens, but at the same time it passed
+
+164
+00:12:07,670 --> 00:12:11,230
+through the F-A of the eye, so F-A of the eye
+
+165
+00:12:11,230 --> 00:12:13,170
+means that when it wants to exit, it wants to exit
+
+166
+00:12:13,170 --> 00:12:16,250
+from the lens and the lens parallel to the optical
+
+167
+00:12:16,250 --> 00:12:21,150
+axis.موازي لل optical axis يعني لو ال retina هنا
+
+168
+00:12:21,150 --> 00:12:26,050
+الحجم بتاعه هيك لو ال retina هنا الحجم بتاعه هيك
+
+169
+00:12:26,050 --> 00:12:29,170
+لو ال retina هنا الحجم بتاعه هيك بمعنى أخر لما
+
+170
+00:12:29,170 --> 00:12:31,950
+العين بتكون كبيرة جدا ال size بتاعها كبير و هذا
+
+171
+00:12:31,950 --> 00:12:36,210
+بنلاقيه في الmiopia يعني لما بتكون العين miopic ال
+
+172
+00:12:36,210 --> 00:12:42,430
+image بتضالها بنفس الحجم لما بتكون M-tropIt's the
+
+173
+00:12:42,430 --> 00:12:46,030
+same size. When the eye is short, hypermetropian,
+
+174
+00:12:46,130 --> 00:12:49,570
+it's known that the short eye with hypermetropian
+
+175
+00:12:49,570 --> 00:12:54,010
+axial length is short, also the retinal image size
+
+176
+00:12:54,010 --> 00:13:02,820
+does not differ.It is very important that the
+
+177
+00:13:02,820 --> 00:13:06,880
+nodal point of the lens that gives correction to
+
+178
+00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:09,800
+the refractive error and the focal point of the
+
+179
+00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:12,760
+eye to be adjacent to each other
+
+180
+00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:20,720
+For example, if the eye have identical refractive
+
+181
+00:13:20,720 --> 00:13:24,520
+power and differ only in axial length, then
+
+182
+00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:28,000
+placing the lens at the anterior focal point of
+
+183
+00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:32,060
+each eye will produce retinal image identical in
+
+184
+00:13:32,060 --> 00:13:32,280
+size.
+
+185
+00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:40,400
+However,It is rare that the difference between the
+
+186
+00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:45,040
+eyes are purely or is purely axial in addition the
+
+187
+00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:47,920
+un .. I mean .. Now we want to talk about this
+
+188
+00:13:47,920 --> 00:13:49,880
+word that we talked about a while ago about the
+
+189
+00:13:49,880 --> 00:13:55,100
+Knapp's law, a very good word Knapp's law only
+
+190
+00:13:55,100 --> 00:13:59,420
+applies to axial ametropia What does axial
+
+191
+00:13:59,420 --> 00:14:01,780
+ametropia mean? It is a refractive error resulting
+
+192
+00:14:01,780 --> 00:14:08,430
+from the length of the eyeEither it's too long, so
+
+193
+00:14:08,430 --> 00:14:11,270
+it gives me myopia or too short, so it gives me
+
+194
+00:14:11,270 --> 00:14:14,990
+hypermetropia. Therefore, Knaps law is only
+
+195
+00:14:14,990 --> 00:14:17,610
+suitable for applying it on axial refractive
+
+196
+00:14:17,610 --> 00:14:20,790
+error. Okay, as long as I have axial refractive
+
+197
+00:14:20,790 --> 00:14:22,490
+error, it means that there are other types of
+
+198
+00:14:22,490 --> 00:14:25,930
+refractive error. We say yes, there is someone who
+
+199
+00:14:25,930 --> 00:14:34,610
+calls it index refractive error orwhich is the
+
+200
+00:14:34,610 --> 00:14:37,550
+power of the eye, the power of the eye, the power
+
+201
+00:14:37,550 --> 00:14:39,790
+of the eye, either it is weak, so it gives me
+
+202
+00:14:39,790 --> 00:14:42,670
+hypermetropia, or it is stronger than necessary,
+
+203
+00:14:42,810 --> 00:14:45,690
+so it gives me myopia. Now the first problem that
+
+204
+00:14:45,690 --> 00:14:53,470
+NABS faces is that the difference between the eye
+
+205
+00:14:53,470 --> 00:14:58,070
+is rarely just axial, that the power of the eye is
+
+206
+00:14:58,070 --> 00:15:02,560
+equal, in other words,In comparison, the lens has
+
+207
+00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:05,900
+60 diopters in the right eye and 60 diopters in
+
+208
+00:15:05,900 --> 00:15:07,620
+the left eye, but the right one is different from
+
+209
+00:15:07,620 --> 00:15:10,280
+the left one in its length. One is longer and the
+
+210
+00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:12,220
+other is perpendicular to the length, meaning that
+
+211
+00:15:12,220 --> 00:15:14,360
+the longer one will be myopic. But their strength
+
+212
+00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:17,680
+as power or as lenses, as lenses, as an optical
+
+213
+00:15:17,680 --> 00:15:21,660
+system is the same. Most of the time, most of the
+
+214
+00:15:21,660 --> 00:15:25,930
+time, the refractive error is a mixture ofA
+
+215
+00:15:25,930 --> 00:15:29,210
+problem in axial length, plus a problem in power.
+
+216
+00:15:29,330 --> 00:15:31,110
+Either the power is more than necessary, so it
+
+217
+00:15:31,110 --> 00:15:33,690
+will give me myopia, or less than necessary, so it
+
+218
+00:15:33,690 --> 00:15:35,990
+will give me hypermetropia. So the first problem,
+
+219
+00:15:37,870 --> 00:15:42,490
+since the scientist said that my way or my law
+
+220
+00:15:42,490 --> 00:15:47,570
+only works in pure axial refractive error, we say
+
+221
+00:15:47,570 --> 00:15:49,770
+that it is rare that the difference between the
+
+222
+00:15:49,770 --> 00:15:53,730
+two eyes is purely axial.Second thing, if we
+
+223
+00:15:53,730 --> 00:15:57,150
+assume that there is a person who has axial
+
+224
+00:15:57,150 --> 00:15:58,970
+refractive error and the strength of the eye in
+
+225
+00:15:58,970 --> 00:16:02,330
+the right eye and the left eye is normal, but the
+
+226
+00:16:02,330 --> 00:16:05,430
+right eye is much longer, so it became myopia
+
+227
+00:16:05,430 --> 00:16:08,110
+because of its length, because of its length, and
+
+228
+00:16:08,110 --> 00:16:12,370
+we say okay, let's apply Knapp's lawWe put the
+
+229
+00:16:12,370 --> 00:16:17,190
+correcting lens on the anterior focal point of the
+
+230
+00:16:17,190 --> 00:16:22,310
+eye The anterior focal point is about 17 mm away
+
+231
+00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:25,110
+from the eye The vertex distance of the lens
+
+232
+00:16:25,110 --> 00:16:29,340
+should beBack Vertex Distance, or BVD, and this is
+
+233
+00:16:29,340 --> 00:16:32,020
+in refraction. All students studying visual arts
+
+234
+00:16:32,020 --> 00:16:34,860
+or visual arts students study this in refraction.
+
+235
+00:16:35,300 --> 00:16:39,540
+The BVD is usually around 12 mm and sometimes 10
+
+236
+00:16:39,540 --> 00:16:45,750
+mm, around 10 to 12 mm.أما إن أحط النضارة الـ back
+
+237
+00:16:45,750 --> 00:16:50,790
+vertex تاعتها على بعد 17 ملي، هذه مشكلة تانية،
+
+238
+00:16:50,790 --> 00:16:56,670
+وطبعا هذه من ناحية عملية صعبة، من ناحية عملية،
+
+239
+00:16:56,670 --> 00:16:59,810
+يعني تطبيقها صعب In addition, the anterior focal
+
+240
+00:16:59,810 --> 00:17:03,910
+point of the eye is approximately 17 mili in front
+
+241
+00:17:03,910 --> 00:17:08,550
+of the corneaAlthough it is possible to wear
+
+242
+00:17:08,550 --> 00:17:13,350
+glasses, so the spectacle lens is 17mm in front of
+
+243
+00:17:13,350 --> 00:17:19,570
+the eye يعني ممكن ينعمل .. ممكن ينعمل glasses back
+
+244
+00:17:19,570 --> 00:17:25,750
+vertex distance تقريبا 17mm ولكن most people
+
+245
+00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:29,090
+prefer to wear them at a corneal vertex distance
+
+246
+00:17:29,090 --> 00:17:34,090
+من 10 إلى 15mm والمعتاد عندنا تقريبا 12mm
+
+247
+00:17:36,730 --> 00:17:39,870
+Because the clinician is rarely certain that any
+
+248
+00:17:39,870 --> 00:17:43,670
+ametropia is purely axial, Knapp's law has limited
+
+249
+00:17:43,670 --> 00:17:48,290
+clinical application.because when we check the
+
+250
+00:17:48,290 --> 00:17:51,110
+refractive error, we usually check the O2
+
+251
+00:17:51,110 --> 00:17:54,850
+refractometer or the retinoscope as an objective
+
+252
+00:17:54,850 --> 00:17:57,550
+refraction and we do not measure the axial length
+
+253
+00:17:57,550 --> 00:18:00,670
+of the eye, so if a person has a refractive error,
+
+254
+00:18:00,770 --> 00:18:03,090
+we say he has a refractive error, but we do not
+
+255
+00:18:03,090 --> 00:18:04,790
+say what the details are, whether it is a
+
+256
+00:18:04,790 --> 00:18:07,570
+refractive error as a result of the increase or
+
+257
+00:18:07,570 --> 00:18:10,310
+decrease in eye strength, or that the length of
+
+258
+00:18:10,310 --> 00:18:14,600
+the eye طويل أو قصير. هذا الكلام ما بنفصل فيه ولما
+
+259
+00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:19,280
+بنقول غالبا ك .. كوادر طبية سواء طباء عيون أو
+
+260
+00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:21,940
+خصائين بصريات بنقول إن والله عنده refractive error
+
+261
+00:18:21,940 --> 00:18:26,260
+مثلا تلت درجات hypermetropia، درجتين astigmatism،
+
+262
+00:18:26,260 --> 00:18:29,640
+خمس درجات myopia، بس ما بنقولش هل ال myopia axial،
+
+263
+00:18:29,640 --> 00:18:33,900
+يعني نتجة عن طول مفرط للعين، ولا إنه قوة العين
+
+264
+00:18:33,900 --> 00:18:38,650
+كrefractionIn case of nuclear sclerosis, the
+
+265
+00:18:38,650 --> 00:18:44,250
+refractive index is high. We don't talk about this
+
+266
+00:18:44,250 --> 00:18:46,330
+in detail except rarely.
+
+267
+00:18:48,900 --> 00:18:51,220
+Since the situation is such that because the
+
+268
+00:18:51,220 --> 00:18:55,480
+clinician is rarely certain that any ametropia is
+
+269
+00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:58,780
+purely axial, Knapp's law has limited clinical
+
+270
+00:18:58,780 --> 00:19:02,360
+application. Unfortunately, although the benefits
+
+271
+00:19:02,360 --> 00:19:05,500
+of Knapp's law is that it really preserves the
+
+272
+00:19:05,500 --> 00:19:08,860
+retinal image size does not change, but there are
+
+273
+00:19:08,860 --> 00:19:11,820
+difficulties to face. The first difficulty is that
+
+274
+00:19:11,820 --> 00:19:14,560
+not all refractive errors are axial.Second
+
+275
+00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:18,120
+difficulty, it's hard to wear glasses, it's hard,
+
+276
+00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:20,740
+it's not normal that the glasses should be at the
+
+277
+00:19:20,740 --> 00:19:24,140
+back vertex, 17 millimeters away from the eye
+
+278
+00:19:24,140 --> 00:19:27,460
+Third thing, when we examine children or any
+
+279
+00:19:27,460 --> 00:19:29,600
+patient, we don't differentiate between the
+
+280
+00:19:29,600 --> 00:19:32,260
+refractive error they have, whether it's axial or
+
+281
+00:19:32,260 --> 00:19:38,560
+not axial, thereforeapplications or or or did not
+
+282
+00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:43,660
+find the NAPS law NAPS law applications in the
+
+283
+00:19:43,660 --> 00:19:46,400
+practical life with the patient in the practical
+
+284
+00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:49,760
+life with the patient but there are other benefits
+
+285
+00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:53,320
+from NAPS law we will talk about it shortly God
+
+286
+00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:59,220
+willing among NAPS law applications the manual
+
+287
+00:19:59,220 --> 00:20:03,020
+lensmeterThe lensmeter is a device that measures
+
+288
+00:20:03,020 --> 00:20:06,140
+the strength of lenses and glasses that we use.
+
+289
+00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:07,580
+Some of them are manual and some of them are
+
+290
+00:20:07,580 --> 00:20:11,300
+automatic. Manual lensmeters make use of the same
+
+291
+00:20:11,300 --> 00:20:16,480
+principle, although for an entirely different
+
+292
+00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:20,240
+reason, in order to measure the strength of the
+
+293
+00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:23,540
+lens. There, we used to use them as glasses so
+
+294
+00:20:23,540 --> 00:20:26,580
+that the size of the retinal image would not
+
+295
+00:20:26,580 --> 00:20:27,920
+differ between the two eyes.
+
+296
+00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:41,980
+لما بطبق NAPSLOW على .. لما بطبق NAPSLOW على ال
+
+297
+00:20:41,980 --> 00:20:46,920
+lens meters when applied to lens meters NAPSLOW is
+
+298
+00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:50,320
+called Bedel principle لما بنطبقه على ال lens
+
+299
+00:20:50,320 --> 00:20:54,040
+meter أصبح اسمه مش NAPSLOW أصبح اسمه Bedel
+
+300
+00:20:54,040 --> 00:21:01,100
+principle مبدأ Bedel و هو نفسه NAPSLOWThis is a
+
+301
+00:21:01,100 --> 00:21:04,180
+point. So when it is applied to the lensmeter, it
+
+302
+00:21:04,180 --> 00:21:07,500
+is called Badal Principle. Let's see what is meant
+
+303
+00:21:07,500 --> 00:21:10,980
+by Badal Principle. Badal Optometer, which
+
+304
+00:21:10,980 --> 00:21:13,060
+operates on the Badal Principle, the Badal
+
+305
+00:21:13,060 --> 00:21:17,300
+Optometer utilizes plus lens placed so that its
+
+306
+00:21:17,300 --> 00:21:20,900
+posterior focal plane is coincident with the
+
+307
+00:21:20,900 --> 00:21:25,890
+anterior focal plane of the eye.The Blast Lens
+
+308
+00:21:25,890 --> 00:21:30,950
+that we use in the Lens Meter, which is called
+
+309
+00:21:30,950 --> 00:21:33,810
+Gradal Optometer. This is the Blast Lens, this is
+
+310
+00:21:33,810 --> 00:21:37,790
+its FP, its posterior focus, which is applied to
+
+311
+00:21:37,790 --> 00:21:41,560
+the anterior focus of the eyeThis F here is the
+
+312
+00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:45,360
+point F A of the eye and it is in the same way F B
+
+313
+00:21:45,360 --> 00:21:47,900
+of the lens of the device which is the Pedal
+
+314
+00:21:47,900 --> 00:21:51,320
+Optometer The parallel rays that pass through the
+
+315
+00:21:51,320 --> 00:21:53,180
+head of the object regardless of the distance of
+
+316
+00:21:53,180 --> 00:21:56,320
+the object, that is, I can try the object or move
+
+317
+00:21:56,320 --> 00:22:00,860
+it up or down in the lens meterAnd it is meant in
+
+318
+00:22:00,860 --> 00:22:05,340
+the object of the glasses So the rays that are
+
+319
+00:22:05,340 --> 00:22:08,500
+parallel to the optical axis will break and will
+
+320
+00:22:08,500 --> 00:22:11,960
+enter the FB of the lens at the same time it will
+
+321
+00:22:11,960 --> 00:22:14,780
+enter the FA of the eye and what enters the FA of
+
+322
+00:22:14,780 --> 00:22:16,600
+the optical system will come out parallel
+
+323
+00:22:20,580 --> 00:22:23,820
+The retinal image size on the surface of the
+
+324
+00:22:23,820 --> 00:22:26,540
+retina in my eye as an examiner, I want to see the
+
+325
+00:22:26,540 --> 00:22:30,120
+power of the lens, whether I sent the object or
+
+326
+00:22:30,120 --> 00:22:35,400
+tried it, that is, the lens or the glasses, the
+
+327
+00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:39,580
+spectacles that are placed on the nose in the
+
+328
+00:22:39,580 --> 00:22:42,910
+lensmeter whether I raised it or lowered itOr I
+
+329
+00:22:42,910 --> 00:22:47,690
+moved it up or down towards the lens, its size
+
+330
+00:22:47,690 --> 00:22:50,510
+remained, it didn't grow or shrink, its size
+
+331
+00:22:50,510 --> 00:22:57,590
+remained on my network as examiner one and the
+
+332
+00:22:57,590 --> 00:23:01,160
+otherit makes it easier for me to do the test. So
+
+333
+00:23:01,160 --> 00:23:04,340
+the beta of the optometer has the focal plane
+
+334
+00:23:04,340 --> 00:23:07,940
+coincident with the anterior focal plane of the
+
+335
+00:23:07,940 --> 00:23:11,020
+eye. So here is the posterior focal plane of the
+
+336
+00:23:11,020 --> 00:23:18,480
+lens and the anterior focal plane of the
+
+337
+00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:18,820
+eye.
+
+338
+00:23:22,730 --> 00:23:26,150
+And the posterior focal plane of the lens So this
+
+339
+00:23:26,150 --> 00:23:28,630
+is one of the applications of NAPS logo, but with
+
+340
+00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:33,930
+a slight modification We said that the nodal point
+
+341
+00:23:33,930 --> 00:23:37,370
+of the lens should be applied to the anterior
+
+342
+00:23:37,370 --> 00:23:39,590
+focal point of the eye Here, there is a simple
+
+343
+00:23:39,590 --> 00:23:43,150
+modification, the anterior focal pointand the
+
+344
+00:23:43,150 --> 00:23:45,490
+posterior focal point of the lens are adjacent to
+
+345
+00:23:45,490 --> 00:23:49,290
+each other. So, NAB's law is modified to a simple
+
+346
+00:23:49,290 --> 00:23:52,230
+modification called Bédel's principle. So, Bédel's
+
+347
+00:23:52,230 --> 00:23:56,630
+principle. There is another application. One type
+
+348
+00:23:56,630 --> 00:24:00,250
+of optometers used for performing objective
+
+349
+00:24:00,250 --> 00:24:03,610
+refraction is based on variation of NAB's law
+
+350
+00:24:03,610 --> 00:24:06,690
+wherein the posterior focal plane of the
+
+351
+00:24:06,690 --> 00:24:09,970
+correcting lens coincides with the anterior nodal
+
+352
+00:24:09,970 --> 00:24:11,590
+point of the eye. Another modification
+
+353
+00:24:17,550 --> 00:24:22,070
+Posterior focus of the lens is equivalent to the
+
+354
+00:24:22,070 --> 00:24:25,910
+anterior nodal point of the eye Retinal image size
+
+355
+00:24:25,910 --> 00:24:32,090
+remains the same posterior focus of the lens is
+
+356
+00:24:32,090 --> 00:24:39,650
+equivalent to the anterior nodal point of the eyeF
+
+357
+00:24:39,650 --> 00:24:43,430
+Sharta, which is the posterior focus of the lens,
+
+358
+00:24:43,710 --> 00:24:46,780
+all the rays are parallelEach parallel radiation
+
+359
+00:24:46,780 --> 00:24:50,040
+of the optical axis will pass through FB, but here
+
+360
+00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:55,180
+FB is inside the eye, the FB lens is applied to
+
+361
+00:24:55,180 --> 00:24:57,300
+the nodal point. Of course, the nodal point is
+
+362
+00:24:57,300 --> 00:24:59,100
+extended in the eye because here the middle is
+
+363
+00:24:59,100 --> 00:25:01,720
+higher than the air density, so the nodal points
+
+364
+00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:04,380
+are extended towards the middle of the axis, so
+
+365
+00:25:04,380 --> 00:25:07,900
+the nodal points will be inside the eye, and this
+
+366
+00:25:07,900 --> 00:25:12,940
+is called a nagel optometer.We got two apps for
+
+367
+00:25:12,940 --> 00:25:17,100
+NAPS, the first one is called Beta Le Principle
+
+368
+00:25:17,100 --> 00:25:21,240
+The posterior focus FB of the lens is applied to
+
+369
+00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:26,410
+the FA of the eyeThe second application FB of the
+
+370
+00:25:26,410 --> 00:25:29,370
+lens is applied to the nodal point of the eye to
+
+371
+00:25:29,370 --> 00:25:31,770
+the anterior nodal point of the eye and in all
+
+372
+00:25:31,770 --> 00:25:36,310
+cases to keep the image size one no matter how far
+
+373
+00:25:36,310 --> 00:25:38,970
+the object is which is the glasses that I check
+
+374
+00:25:38,970 --> 00:25:41,770
+its strength the glasses that I check its strength
+
+375
+00:25:41,770 --> 00:25:44,990
+whether they are back or close remains the size of
+
+376
+00:25:44,990 --> 00:25:48,670
+the image on my retina one so
+
+377
+00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:56,840
+The posterior focal plane of the correcting lens
+
+378
+00:25:56,840 --> 00:25:59,820
+coincides with the anterior nodal point of the
+
+379
+00:25:59,820 --> 00:26:03,220
+eye. The effect is the same. The other is one.
+
+380
+00:26:03,560 --> 00:26:07,420
+Retinal image size remains constant. In this
+
+381
+00:26:07,420 --> 00:26:10,000
+application, the law is called optometer
+
+382
+00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:10,580
+principle.
+
+383
+00:26:13,250 --> 00:26:17,450
+Bedel principle, here I call it optometer
+
+384
+00:26:17,450 --> 00:26:22,230
+principle. So when FB of the lens is applied to
+
+385
+00:26:22,230 --> 00:26:25,190
+the nodal point, this is the optometer principle.
+
+386
+00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:29,250
+When FB of the lens is applied to FA of the eye,
+
+387
+00:26:29,410 --> 00:26:33,190
+this is the bedel principle. Also a third benefit
+
+388
+00:26:33,190 --> 00:26:40,200
+from itThe optical engineers use a variation of
+
+389
+00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:43,640
+Knapp's law. This variation is called
+
+390
+00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:47,600
+telecentricity. The goal of telecentricity is to
+
+391
+00:26:47,600 --> 00:26:52,320
+improve the performance of telescopes and
+
+392
+00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:57,620
+microscopesبغض النظر بغض النظر regardless of the
+
+393
+00:26:57,620 --> 00:27:00,920
+name سواء سميته telecentricity سواء سميته pedal
+
+394
+00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:04,520
+principle سواء سميته optometer principle سواء
+
+395
+00:27:04,520 --> 00:27:07,640
+سميته NABS اللي هو بغض النظر عن الاسم the
+
+396
+00:27:07,640 --> 00:27:11,540
+principle remains the same يعني هو نفس المبد�� بدون
+
+397
+00:27:11,540 --> 00:27:15,700
+أي تغير هو نفس المبدأ بدون أي تغير هتنتهي المحاضرة
+
+398
+00:27:15,700 --> 00:27:19,480
+عند هذه النقطة ويعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم ورحمة
+
+399
+00:27:19,480 --> 00:27:20,740
+الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/5D0mv4i3r2Q_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+1
+00:00:14,830 --> 00:00:17,870
+There are some verses that I want to remind you
+
+2
+00:00:17,870 --> 00:00:20,570
+of. I took them in class yesterday. This is a
+
+3
+00:00:20,570 --> 00:00:21,050
+parallel angle.
+
+4
+00:00:24,190 --> 00:00:27,650
+The student says that the angle that completes the
+
+5
+00:00:27,650 --> 00:00:30,280
+parallel angle.In the quadrilateral of the
+
+6
+00:00:30,280 --> 00:00:34,860
+rectangle, the total area of the rectangle is
+
+7
+00:00:34,860 --> 00:00:37,660
+equal to the sum of the other two rectangles of
+
+8
+00:00:37,660 --> 00:00:39,700
+the quadrilateral. If we consider the total area
+
+9
+00:00:39,700 --> 00:00:42,860
+of the rectangle as Γ, and if we consider the
+
+10
+00:00:42,860 --> 00:00:48,180
+inner area as η
+
+11
+00:00:48,180 --> 00:00:51,900
+and α. According to the rule, Γ is equal to η
+
+12
+00:00:51,900 --> 00:00:55,940
+minus α. Why? Because Γ with the rectangle is 180
+
+13
+00:00:55,940 --> 00:01:00,180
+degrees. And Beta with Alpha, this equation, is
+
+14
+00:01:00,180 --> 00:01:03,620
+equal to 180 degrees. Because this equation
+
+15
+00:01:03,620 --> 00:01:06,280
+completes the equation 180, and these two
+
+16
+00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:09,420
+equations completes the equation 180, then this is
+
+17
+00:01:09,420 --> 00:01:12,960
+equal to 6 times 2 or 3. This is the first rule.
+
+18
+00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:15,420
+The second rule.
+
+19
+00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:24,100
+This angle, sine, theta, is equal to the angle
+
+20
+00:01:24,100 --> 00:01:29,300
+theta, and this is theta.جِت كيطة يساوي المقابل
+
+21
+00:01:29,300 --> 00:01:33,660
+على الورق يعني
+
+22
+00:01:33,660 --> 00:01:42,440
+المقابل على الورق وغلظ
+
+23
+00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:48,420
+زاوية، غلظ كيطة المقابل
+
+24
+00:01:48,420 --> 00:01:52,940
+على المجال، هيك احنا تعلمها كلمة دلوقتي تاني كيطة
+
+25
+00:01:52,940 --> 00:01:59,830
+وغلظ يساوي المقابل on the answer. But we are going
+
+26
+00:01:59,830 --> 00:02:03,850
+to take another method. I brought it with me and
+
+27
+00:02:03,850 --> 00:02:07,110
+you brought it with you. It is called algebraic
+
+28
+00:02:07,110 --> 00:02:11,030
+algebra. The algebra that we brought with us says
+
+29
+00:02:11,030 --> 00:02:20,410
+sine theta equals theta minus theta squared over
+
+30
+00:02:20,410 --> 00:02:21,690
+three factorial
+
+31
+00:02:27,980 --> 00:02:33,440
+Keta plus 7 divided by 7 will be plus Keta minus 9
+
+32
+00:02:33,440 --> 00:02:39,640
+divided by 9 will be negative If you notice, Keta
+
+33
+00:02:39,640 --> 00:02:42,680
+is negative, plus, minus, plus, negative,
+
+34
+00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:44,880
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+35
+00:02:44,920 --> 00:02:46,700
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+36
+00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:46,880
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+37
+00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:47,140
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+38
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+39
+00:02:52,700 --> 00:02:59,480
+negative, negativex3, x5, x7, x9, x11, x12, x13,
+
+40
+00:03:00,460 --> 00:03:08,220
+x12, x13, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+41
+00:03:08,380 --> 00:03:08,380
+x12, x12,
+
+42
+00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:17,040
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+43
+00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,980
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+44
+00:03:20,980 --> 00:03:21,000
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+45
+00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:21,020
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+46
+00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:23,320
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12
+
+47
+00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:30,180
+Sin Theta is almost equal to Theta. Sin Theta is
+
+48
+00:03:30,180 --> 00:03:33,380
+almost equal to the value of the whole in the
+
+49
+00:03:33,380 --> 00:03:38,660
+equation. The rest is a very small and important
+
+50
+00:03:38,660 --> 00:03:41,780
+quantity. That's why I'm going to repeat it three
+
+51
+00:03:41,780 --> 00:03:45,340
+times. Or the value of the whole of this equation.
+
+52
+00:03:45,980 --> 00:03:48,580
+Sin Theta is almost equal to Theta in the
+
+53
+00:03:48,580 --> 00:03:50,660
+equation. Because Theta is a very small quantity.
+
+54
+00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:56,650
+Not only that, Theta was alsoIn a small square, it
+
+55
+00:03:56,650 --> 00:03:59,830
+is almost equal to Keta. It is like the sine of
+
+56
+00:03:59,830 --> 00:04:03,930
+Keta is equal to Keta and Keta is equal to Keta.
+
+57
+00:04:04,770 --> 00:04:11,090
+As long as Keta is a very small square.
+
+58
+00:04:14,530 --> 00:04:18,830
+What benefits me from these words? It benefits me
+
+59
+00:04:18,830 --> 00:04:22,810
+that when I enter into equations, the lens maker
+
+60
+00:04:22,810 --> 00:04:28,310
+equation,ممكن ألاقي في معادلة θ أبدلها الـsin θ أو
+
+61
+00:04:28,310 --> 00:04:32,010
+ألاقي الـsin θ أبدل تان θ أو ألاقي تان θ يعني ممكن
+
+62
+00:04:32,010 --> 00:04:35,770
+الثلاثة أبدلوا المكان بعض لوصولها المعادلة
+
+63
+00:04:35,770 --> 00:04:39,790
+النهائية. هكذا نكون خلصنا المخدمة محاضرة واحد
+
+64
+00:04:39,790 --> 00:04:42,690
+وعشرين ونحكي كلنا عافية السلام عليكم ورحمة الله
+
+65
+00:04:42,690 --> 00:04:43,670
+وبركاته.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/5D0mv4i3r2Q_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+1
+00:00:14,830 --> 00:00:17,870
+There are some verses that I want to remind you
+
+2
+00:00:17,870 --> 00:00:20,570
+of. I took them in class yesterday. This is a
+
+3
+00:00:20,570 --> 00:00:21,050
+parallel angle.
+
+4
+00:00:24,190 --> 00:00:27,650
+The student says that the angle that completes the
+
+5
+00:00:27,650 --> 00:00:30,280
+parallel angle.In the quadrilateral of the
+
+6
+00:00:30,280 --> 00:00:34,860
+rectangle, the total area of the rectangle is
+
+7
+00:00:34,860 --> 00:00:37,660
+equal to the sum of the other two rectangles of
+
+8
+00:00:37,660 --> 00:00:39,700
+the quadrilateral. If we consider the total area
+
+9
+00:00:39,700 --> 00:00:42,860
+of the rectangle as Γ, and if we consider the
+
+10
+00:00:42,860 --> 00:00:48,180
+inner area as η
+
+11
+00:00:48,180 --> 00:00:51,900
+and α. According to the rule, Γ is equal to η
+
+12
+00:00:51,900 --> 00:00:55,940
+minus α. Why? Because Γ with the rectangle is 180
+
+13
+00:00:55,940 --> 00:01:00,180
+degrees. And Beta with Alpha, this equation, is
+
+14
+00:01:00,180 --> 00:01:03,620
+equal to 180 degrees. Because this equation
+
+15
+00:01:03,620 --> 00:01:06,280
+completes the equation 180, and these two
+
+16
+00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:09,420
+equations completes the equation 180, then this is
+
+17
+00:01:09,420 --> 00:01:12,960
+equal to 6 times 2 or 3. This is the first rule.
+
+18
+00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:15,420
+The second rule.
+
+19
+00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:24,100
+This angle, sine, theta, is equal to the angle
+
+20
+00:01:24,100 --> 00:01:29,300
+theta, and this is theta.جِت كيطة يساوي المقابل
+
+21
+00:01:29,300 --> 00:01:33,660
+على الورق يعني
+
+22
+00:01:33,660 --> 00:01:42,440
+المقابل على الورق وغلظ
+
+23
+00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:48,420
+زاوية، غلظ كيطة المقابل
+
+24
+00:01:48,420 --> 00:01:52,940
+على المجال، هيك احنا تعلمها كلمة دلوقتي تاني كيطة
+
+25
+00:01:52,940 --> 00:01:59,830
+وغلظ يساوي المقابل on the answer. But we are going
+
+26
+00:01:59,830 --> 00:02:03,850
+to take another method. I brought it with me and
+
+27
+00:02:03,850 --> 00:02:07,110
+you brought it with you. It is called algebraic
+
+28
+00:02:07,110 --> 00:02:11,030
+algebra. The algebra that we brought with us says
+
+29
+00:02:11,030 --> 00:02:20,410
+sine theta equals theta minus theta squared over
+
+30
+00:02:20,410 --> 00:02:21,690
+three factorial
+
+31
+00:02:27,980 --> 00:02:33,440
+Keta plus 7 divided by 7 will be plus Keta minus 9
+
+32
+00:02:33,440 --> 00:02:39,640
+divided by 9 will be negative If you notice, Keta
+
+33
+00:02:39,640 --> 00:02:42,680
+is negative, plus, minus, plus, negative,
+
+34
+00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:44,880
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+35
+00:02:44,920 --> 00:02:46,700
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+36
+00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:46,700
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+37
+00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:46,700
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+38
+00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:46,700
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+39
+00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:46,880
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+40
+00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:47,140
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+41
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+42
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+43
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+44
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+45
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+46
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+47
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+48
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+49
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+50
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+51
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative, negative, negative, negative,
+
+52
+00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:48,480
+negative, negative,
+
+53
+00:02:52,700 --> 00:02:59,480
+negative, negativex3, x5, x7, x9, x11, x12, x13,
+
+54
+00:03:00,460 --> 00:03:08,220
+x12, x13, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+55
+00:03:08,380 --> 00:03:08,380
+x12, x12,
+
+56
+00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:17,040
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+57
+00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,980
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+58
+00:03:20,980 --> 00:03:20,980
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+59
+00:03:20,980 --> 00:03:21,000
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+60
+00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:21,020
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12,
+
+61
+00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:23,320
+x12, x12, x12, x12, x12, x12
+
+62
+00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:30,180
+Sin Theta is almost equal to Theta. Sin Theta is
+
+63
+00:03:30,180 --> 00:03:33,380
+almost equal to the value of the whole in the
+
+64
+00:03:33,380 --> 00:03:38,660
+equation. The rest is a very small and important
+
+65
+00:03:38,660 --> 00:03:41,780
+quantity. That's why I'm going to repeat it three
+
+66
+00:03:41,780 --> 00:03:45,340
+times. Or the value of the whole of this equation.
+
+67
+00:03:45,980 --> 00:03:48,580
+Sin Theta is almost equal to Theta in the
+
+68
+00:03:48,580 --> 00:03:50,660
+equation. Because Theta is a very small quantity.
+
+69
+00:03:51,080 --> 00:03:56,650
+Not only that, Theta was alsoIn a small square, it
+
+70
+00:03:56,650 --> 00:03:59,830
+is almost equal to Keta. It is like the sine of
+
+71
+00:03:59,830 --> 00:04:03,930
+Keta is equal to Keta and Keta is equal to Keta.
+
+72
+00:04:04,770 --> 00:04:11,090
+As long as Keta is a very small square.
+
+73
+00:04:14,530 --> 00:04:18,830
+What benefits me from these words? It benefits me
+
+74
+00:04:18,830 --> 00:04:22,810
+that when I enter into equations, the lens maker
+
+75
+00:04:22,810 --> 00:04:28,310
+equation,ممكن ألاقي في معادلة θ أبدلها الـsin θ أو
+
+76
+00:04:28,310 --> 00:04:32,010
+ألاقي الـsin θ أبدل تان θ أو ألاقي تان θ يعني ممكن
+
+77
+00:04:32,010 --> 00:04:35,770
+الثلاثة أبدلوا المكان بعض لوصولها المعادلة
+
+78
+00:04:35,770 --> 00:04:39,790
+النهائية. هكذا نكون خلصنا المخدمة محاضرة واحد
+
+79
+00:04:39,790 --> 00:04:42,690
+وعشرين ونحكي كلنا عافية السلام عليكم ورحمة الله
+
+80
+00:04:42,690 --> 00:04:43,670
+وبركاته.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/71kk9HL3q08.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2287 @@
+
+1
+00:00:02,610 --> 00:00:05,910
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بنواصل محاضرات البصريات
+
+2
+00:00:05,910 --> 00:00:09,710
+الهندسية موضوعنا اليوم عن ال focal points and 
+
+3
+00:00:09,710 --> 00:00:14,710
+planes. Before we talk about it, let's remember some
+
+4
+00:00:14,710 --> 00:00:19,970
+reference points that we used in Geometric Optics
+
+5
+00:00:19,970 --> 00:00:23,550
+from the beginning of this course. Let's say that 
+
+6
+00:00:23,550 --> 00:00:26,890
+we had two nodal points, the anterior nodal point
+
+7
+00:00:26,890 --> 00:00:29,310
+and the posterior nodal point. And we said that any 
+
+8
+00:00:29,310 --> 00:00:32,210
+ray that enters the anterior nodal point, exits
+
+9
+00:00:32,210 --> 00:00:35,300
+the posterior nodal point, and that the angle of
+
+10
+00:00:35,300 --> 00:00:37,720
+entry and exit with the optical axis is equal to 
+
+11
+00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:39,480
+the angle of entry and exit with the optical axis.
+
+12
+00:00:40,080 --> 00:00:43,780
+These reference points helped me in many things.
+
+13
+00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:49,220
+One of them is that the transference magnification
+
+14
+00:00:49,220 --> 00:00:51,300
+is equal to the image height over the object
+
+15
+00:00:51,300 --> 00:00:53,420
+height and is also equal to the image distance
+
+16
+00:00:53,420 --> 00:00:57,660
+over the object distance. و إنه إذا انطبقت ال
+
+17
+00:00:57,660 --> 00:01:00,460
+anterior nodal point على ال posterior nodal point
+
+18
+00:01:00,460 --> 00:01:03,160
+فالشعاع اللي بيمرم ال anterior nodal point ما 
+
+19
+00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:07,800
+بيغير اتجاهه و بيظل عبر العدسة undeviated, 
+
+20
+00:01:07,880 --> 00:01:12,500
+undeviated. Also we have come across the principal points 
+
+21
+00:01:15,250 --> 00:01:18,670
+which calculates the image distance and object
+
+22
+00:01:18,670 --> 00:01:21,230
+distance where I have anterior principal point and
+
+23
+00:01:21,230 --> 00:01:24,670
+posterior principal point and also as a reference,
+
+24
+00:01:24,830 --> 00:01:27,890
+we talked about the optical axis and we said that
+
+25
+00:01:27,890 --> 00:01:29,510
+everything is above the optical axis
+
+26
+00:01:36,550 --> 00:01:39,990
+Today we will talk about two reference points
+
+27
+00:01:39,990 --> 00:01:44,190
+again to complete three pairs of reference points 
+
+28
+00:01:44,190 --> 00:01:48,310
+which are nodal points and the principal points and 
+
+29
+00:01:48,310 --> 00:01:51,770
+today we will talk about the focal points. Actually, 
+
+30
+00:01:51,770 --> 00:01:55,990
+the focal points are a pair of points located on 
+
+31
+00:01:55,990 --> 00:01:59,490
+the optical axis located on the optical axis of
+
+32
+00:01:59,490 --> 00:02:03,870
+any optical system or any lens, so they are two
+
+33
+00:02:03,870 --> 00:02:06,170
+points, there is anterior focal point and 
+
+34
+00:02:06,170 --> 00:02:10,790
+posterior focal point. These anterior focal points
+
+35
+00:02:10,790 --> 00:02:16,590
+and posterior focal points are reference points
+
+36
+00:02:16,590 --> 00:02:19,530
+that have something special from other points. As 
+
+37
+00:02:19,530 --> 00:02:22,290
+we said nodal points, what makes them special? 
+
+38
+00:02:22,410 --> 00:02:26,570
+What makes nodal points special is that the rays
+
+39
+00:02:26,570 --> 00:02:29,790
+that come from any point in the object like point
+
+40
+00:02:29,790 --> 00:02:33,310
+A and enter the anterior nodal point plus its 
+
+41
+00:02:33,310 --> 00:02:37,090
+entry with the optical axis plus its exit from the 
+
+42
+00:02:37,090 --> 00:02:41,270
+posterior nodal point with the optical axis. This 
+
+43
+00:02:41,270 --> 00:02:43,790
+is the feature of nodal points. What are the focal
+
+44
+00:02:43,790 --> 00:02:46,430
+points of this feature? First of all, I have two
+
+45
+00:02:46,430 --> 00:02:49,190
+focal points. anterior focal point and posterior
+
+46
+00:02:49,190 --> 00:02:55,640
+focal point. I have, for example, plus five diopter
+
+47
+00:02:55,640 --> 00:03:00,500
+lens. In the drawing that we will see later, it has
+
+48
+00:03:00,500 --> 00:03:03,440
+anterior focal point. They call it the primary 
+
+49
+00:03:03,440 --> 00:03:07,100
+focal point or anterior focal point. In short, FA
+
+50
+00:03:07,100 --> 00:03:11,560
+or F anterior. How do we calculate its distance? It
+
+51
+00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:15,200
+is present on the optical axis. We divide the 
+
+52
+00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:18,880
+refractive index of the air by the power of the
+
+53
+00:03:18,880 --> 00:03:23,160
+lens, 1 by 5 diopters, which is 5 meters, which is 20
+
+54
+00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:26,380
+centimeters to the left. 20 centimeters to the left 
+
+55
+00:03:26,380 --> 00:03:30,950
+Also when we want to get the posterior focal point,
+
+56
+00:03:31,070 --> 00:03:35,370
+or FP, is divided by the refractive index, which 
+
+57
+00:03:35,370 --> 00:03:41,650
+is 5 meters, which is 1 over 5 diopters. So it is
+
+58
+00:03:41,650 --> 00:03:49,130
+20 cm away from the left and 20 cm away from the
+
+59
+00:03:49,130 --> 00:03:54,450
+right. The plus 5 diopter lens in the following 
+
+60
+00:03:54,450 --> 00:03:59,410
+figure has an anterior primary focal point, Fa that
+
+61
+00:03:59,410 --> 00:04:02,630
+is one over five equals two out of ten meters and
+
+62
+00:04:02,630 --> 00:04:06,250
+equals twenty centimeters in front of the lens
+
+63
+00:04:11,370 --> 00:04:12,950
+What is the difference between anterior and
+
+64
+00:04:12,950 --> 00:04:15,170
+posterior nodal points? Why did scientists say 
+
+65
+00:04:15,170 --> 00:04:17,870
+that this is one of the reference points? Or this 
+
+66
+00:04:17,870 --> 00:04:20,250
+point is different from the rest of the points on 
+
+67
+00:04:20,250 --> 00:04:23,630
+the optical axis? Like when we talked about nodal 
+
+68
+00:04:23,630 --> 00:04:26,530
+points, anterior nodal and posterior nodal, we
+
+69
+00:04:26,530 --> 00:04:28,950
+said that they have a difference. By God, if a ray 
+
+70
+00:04:28,950 --> 00:04:32,670
+enters the anterior nodal point, it will exit the
+
+71
+00:04:32,670 --> 00:04:35,690
+posterior nodal point and go to form the point
+
+72
+00:04:35,690 --> 00:04:38,340
+image. In addition to the other rays, but this ray 
+
+73
+00:04:38,340 --> 00:04:41,460
+is characterized by its angle with the optical
+
+74
+00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:44,080
+axis is equal to the angle of its exit with the
+
+75
+00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:46,360
+optical axis. As we said at the beginning of the
+
+76
+00:04:46,360 --> 00:04:50,340
+lecture on engineering vision. Okay, today we are
+
+77
+00:04:50,340 --> 00:04:53,100
+going to talk about the anterior focal point and 
+
+78
+00:04:53,100 --> 00:04:55,800
+the posterior focal point, or what are the features
+
+79
+00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,260
+in them? We want to see the feature by definition
+
+80
+00:04:59,260 --> 00:05:05,470
+light emanating from F-A exits the lens collimated
+
+81
+00:05:05,470 --> 00:05:10,390
+and comes to a focus at plus optical infinity. ما 
+
+82
+00:05:10,390 --> 00:05:14,310
+معناه هذا الكلام؟ انه لو في عندى مصدر نقطى للضوء،
+
+83
+00:05:14,310 --> 00:05:20,720
+ضوء صادر من عند F-A. Means that the point source of 
+
+84
+00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:23,860
+light that is coming to the f-axis. These rays that
+
+85
+00:05:23,860 --> 00:05:27,020
+will enter the lens will all come out of the lens 
+
+86
+00:05:27,020 --> 00:05:31,060
+collimated. Collimated means parallel to each other
+
+87
+00:05:31,060 --> 00:05:35,120
+and comes to a focus at plus optical infinity.
+
+88
+00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:37,540
+Let's see a simulation that explains this issue
+
+89
+00:05:37,540 --> 00:05:42,940
+Let's say this is a grid. Okay, and this is my point 
+
+90
+00:05:42,940 --> 00:05:44,100
+source of light.
+
+91
+00:05:46,830 --> 00:05:51,030
+A high point source of light, we want to limit some 
+
+92
+00:05:51,030 --> 00:05:52,810
+of the light, so that it does not disturb our 
+
+93
+00:05:52,810 --> 00:06:03,110
+vision. We make duplication for the barrier. We
+
+94
+00:06:03,110 --> 00:06:07,510
+want to limit some of the light so that the idea
+
+95
+00:06:07,510 --> 00:06:13,110
+is clear. The
+
+96
+00:06:13,110 --> 00:06:16,460
+density of the light, we want to reduce it. Let's say
+
+97
+00:06:16,460 --> 00:06:22,240
+I have eight candles
+
+98
+00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:30,120
+Let's say I have eight candles. Let's say I have eight 
+
+99
+00:06:30,120 --> 00:06:30,660
+candles. Let's say I have eight candles. Let's say I 
+
+100
+00:06:30,660 --> 00:06:30,680
+candles. Let's say I have eight candles. Let's say I
+
+101
+00:06:30,680 --> 00:06:30,820
+have eight candles. Let's say I have eight candles. Let's 
+
+102
+00:06:30,820 --> 00:06:30,860
+Let's say I have eight candles. Let's say I have eight 
+
+103
+00:06:30,860 --> 00:06:30,880
+candles. Let's say I have eight candles. Let's say I 
+
+104
+00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:32,300
+say I have eight candles. Let's say I have eight candles
+
+105
+00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:36,820
+Let's say I have eight candles. Let's say I have eight
+
+106
+00:06:36,820 --> 00:06:40,500
+candles. Let's say I have eight candles.
+
+107
+00:06:43,530 --> 00:06:47,390
+Or she walks with us to pee. This ruler measures in 
+
+108
+00:06:47,390 --> 00:06:49,210
+millimeters, that is, every 100 millimeters is 10
+
+109
+00:06:49,210 --> 00:06:53,930
+centimeters. We choose the lens in such a way that
+
+110
+00:06:53,930 --> 00:06:58,270
+this is the ideal lens. This is the ideal lens. We
+
+111
+00:06:58,270 --> 00:07:00,010
+want the distance of this arrow to be 20 
+
+112
+00:07:00,010 --> 00:07:05,410
+centimeters. Because F A is 20 centimeters away. The
+
+113
+00:07:05,410 --> 00:07:09,430
+focal length of a plus five diopter lens is 20 cm, 20
+
+114
+00:07:09,430 --> 00:07:11,730
+cm is the focal length of the front camera lens, or 
+
+115
+00:07:11,730 --> 00:07:14,850
+the focal length of the camera lens. So we want to
+
+116
+00:07:14,850 --> 00:07:18,830
+choose it so that its focal length is 100 mm, 
+
+117
+00:07:19,010 --> 00:07:22,190
+which is 10 cm. No, we want 20 cm, which is 200 mm
+
+118
+00:07:22,190 --> 00:07:26,190
+This became the focal length of the lens, 200 mm.
+
+119
+00:07:26,190 --> 00:07:31,370
+Now we want to put it at a distance of 20 cm, 
+
+120
+00:07:31,610 --> 00:07:32,390
+which is 200 mm.
+
+121
+00:07:39,930 --> 00:07:43,830
+This is a light source, a point source of light,
+
+122
+00:07:44,070 --> 00:07:49,270
+a point source of light, and this is a lens with a
+
+123
+00:07:49,270 --> 00:07:51,750
+focal length of twenty centimeters. We put the
+
+124
+00:07:51,750 --> 00:07:57,070
+point of source of light at the focal length of F 
+
+125
+00:07:57,070 --> 00:08:00,610
+-A. Why? To see what is the difference between F and
+
+126
+00:08:00,610 --> 00:08:03,390
+A. What is the difference between F and A? Ok, we 
+
+127
+00:08:03,390 --> 00:08:07,590
+say that this lens, F and A is 20 cm away from it. 
+
+128
+00:08:08,050 --> 00:08:10,730
+If there is an emanating source of light from it, 
+
+129
+00:08:12,170 --> 00:08:15,470
+and this source exists at F and A, all the light 
+
+130
+00:08:15,470 --> 00:08:18,230
+that enters the lens will go out parallel to each
+
+131
+00:08:18,230 --> 00:08:20,790
+other and parallel to the optical axis. If we 
+
+132
+00:08:20,790 --> 00:08:22,990
+imagine this is the optical axis, the middle line,
+
+133
+00:08:22,990 --> 00:08:26,470
+all parallel to each other and will go to the plus 
+
+134
+00:08:26,470 --> 00:08:30,150
+optical infinity here on the right of the lens. We 
+
+135
+00:08:30,150 --> 00:08:33,610
+call it plus. This distance, plus, as long as the 
+
+136
+00:08:33,610 --> 00:08:37,310
+parallel lines do not meet, no matter how much they
+
+137
+00:08:37,310 --> 00:08:40,770
+extend in the term, as a term, we say that in the
+
+138
+00:08:40,770 --> 00:08:44,090
+geometric optics, it will form a picture. But in the
+
+139
+00:08:44,090 --> 00:08:47,170
+plus optical infinity, which means in infinity, 
+
+140
+00:08:47,310 --> 00:08:51,430
+the image is in infinity. So this is a feature 
+
+141
+00:08:51,430 --> 00:08:54,090
+specific to FA. How do we know it's a feature
+
+142
+00:08:54,090 --> 00:08:56,290
+specific to FA? We want to make the light reflect
+
+143
+00:08:56,290 --> 00:09:01,230
+See,
+
+144
+00:09:01,730 --> 00:09:05,950
+the distance is farther than 20 cm, which means
+
+145
+00:09:05,950 --> 00:09:11,280
+farther than FA, FA here, FA here, FFA here, so
+
+146
+00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:15,180
+therefore the rays are not parallel. Well, if we 
+
+147
+00:09:15,180 --> 00:09:22,800
+tried, the rays became divergent. We made the rays
+
+148
+00:09:22,800 --> 00:09:25,060
+convergent, what comes out of the lens will be
+
+149
+00:09:25,060 --> 00:09:29,100
+convergent. Okay, we tried a lot, the rays will 
+
+150
+00:09:29,100 --> 00:09:31,740
+become divergent. Okay, what is the advantage of
+
+151
+00:09:31,740 --> 00:09:37,060
+putting a point source of light, 20 cm away from
+
+152
+00:09:37,060 --> 00:09:37,740
+the front of the eye, which means it is present on
+
+153
+00:09:37,740 --> 00:09:39,380
+the front of the eye, which means it is present on
+
+154
+00:09:39,380 --> 00:09:47,700
+the front of the eye, which means it 
+
+155
+00:09:47,700 --> 00:09:50,240
+is present on the front of the eye. Any light 
+
+156
+00:09:50,240 --> 00:09:54,340
+emitted from its place will be equal to each other 
+
+157
+00:09:54,340 --> 00:09:58,040
+and equal to the optical axis. Equal to each other
+
+158
+00:09:58,040 --> 00:10:01,660
+and equal to the optical axis, and it will form a
+
+159
+00:10:01,660 --> 00:10:04,340
+picture in the plus optical infinity. 
+
+160
+00:10:06,790 --> 00:10:13,030
+By definition, light emanating from FA exits the 
+
+161
+00:10:13,030 --> 00:10:19,490
+lens collimated and comes to a focus at plus 
+
+162
+00:10:19,490 --> 00:10:24,250
+optical infinity. طب ممكن سان يقول هل هذه بالحسابات
+
+163
+00:10:24,250 --> 00:10:28,030
+بتظبط معانا؟ بنقول نعم بالحسابات بتظبط معانا, و
+
+164
+00:10:28,030 --> 00:10:33,230
+هنضيف شريحة عشان نحسب هذه القضية, عشان نحسب هذه
+
+165
+00:10:33,230 --> 00:10:34,850
+القضية بنقول كالقادة.
+
+166
+00:10:37,570 --> 00:10:44,270
+عندي عدسة plus خمسة, هاي ال optical axis عدسة 
+
+167
+00:10:44,270 --> 00:10:49,330
+plus خمسة, و 
+
+168
+00:10:49,330 --> 00:10:53,470
+ال plus خمسة معروف زي ما قولنا قبل شوية انه ال 
+
+169
+00:10:53,470 --> 00:11:00,070
+anterior focus بتاعها على شمالها بعشرين
+
+170
+00:11:00,070 --> 00:11:06,450
+عفوا, هدي لغة عربية plus خمسة diopter.
+
+171
+00:11:09,180 --> 00:11:13,720
+بنقول كالقاتى انه FA بتبعد عشرين سانتي, يعني لو 
+
+172
+00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:21,660
+تصورنا انه في عندى object على FA جاي object على FA
+
+173
+00:11:21,660 --> 00:11:29,600
+هذا
+
+174
+00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:34,640
+ال object. How much is his U? How much is his U? To 
+
+175
+00:11:34,640 --> 00:11:37,920
+know the picture that will be formed, we say U is
+
+176
+00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:43,880
+equal to negative N over O and is equal to 
+
+177
+00:11:43,880 --> 00:11:47,800
+negative 1 over 20 centimeters, which is at a 
+
+178
+00:11:47,800 --> 00:11:49,420
+distance of F A, and F A is at a distance of 20
+
+179
+00:11:49,420 --> 00:11:55,280
+centimeters, so 1 over 2 of 10 meters and is equal
+
+180
+00:11:55,280 --> 00:12:02,460
+to negative 5 diodes. So U is less than 5 diopters. U
+
+181
+00:12:02,460 --> 00:12:05,520
+is less than 5 diopters. I will record it on the
+
+182
+00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:09,920
+front of the lens. I will say less than 5 diopters. 
+
+183
+00:12:09,920 --> 00:12:13,160
+Now
+
+184
+00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:16,920
+if the rays of this object fluctuates by 5 
+
+185
+00:12:16,920 --> 00:12:20,280
+diopters. We will see how it fluctuates and how 
+
+186
+00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:24,260
+much it fluctuates. We will say U plus power equals 
+
+187
+00:12:24,260 --> 00:12:26,100
+V.
+
+188
+00:12:27,710 --> 00:12:36,170
+The u minus 5 diopter plus the power 5 diopter is
+
+189
+00:12:36,170 --> 00:12:45,330
+equal to v, so v is equal to zero. What does v zero 
+
+190
+00:12:45,330 --> 00:12
+
+223
+00:14:58,510 --> 00:15:04,630
+This is how the source looks like
+
+224
+00:15:04,630 --> 00:15:15,350
+Ok, now we have placed the source. Now
+
+225
+00:15:15,350 --> 00:15:18,130
+we want to move the source up a little bit to try
+
+226
+00:15:18,130 --> 00:15:20,750
+it from the optical axis. These are rays coming
+
+227
+00:15:20,750 --> 00:15:24,990
+from a point. This point should have a radius of a
+
+228
+00:15:24,990 --> 00:15:26,630
+lens with a force
+
+229
+00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:35,470
+10 diopter plus 10 diopter. The plus 10 diopter. The
+
+230
+00:15:35,470 --> 00:15:38,670
+focal length is how much? Or the anterior focal
+
+231
+00:15:38,670 --> 00:15:41,050
+point is how much? 10 centimeters. How did we know?
+
+232
+00:15:41,710 --> 00:15:46,350
+Let's go to a calculation process. We say I have a
+
+233
+00:15:46,350 --> 00:15:50,530
+lens plus 10 diopter. Plus 10 diopter. The F is
+
+234
+00:15:50,530 --> 00:15:56,580
+what? Equal to the refractive index of the lens in
+
+235
+00:15:56,580 --> 00:16:04,120
+the air by plus ten diopters, which is equal to one
+
+236
+00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:08,660
+over ten, which is ten, and the diopter meter is
+
+237
+00:16:08,660 --> 00:16:11,040
+minus one, which is ten. When it comes out, it
+
+238
+00:16:11,040 --> 00:16:15,320
+becomes ten meters, which is ten centimeters
+
+239
+00:16:19,780 --> 00:16:23,480
+centimeter. So the focal length or the fa of the
+
+240
+00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:26,360
+plus 10 is at a distance of 10 centimeters. While
+
+241
+00:16:26,360 --> 00:16:28,900
+the plus 5 is at a distance of 20 centimeters in
+
+242
+00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:32,140
+the equation that I divide the refractive index of
+
+243
+00:16:32,140 --> 00:16:34,980
+the medium by the power of the lens. We see here
+
+244
+00:16:34,980 --> 00:16:36,560
+that we put this lens at a distance of 10
+
+245
+00:16:36,560 --> 00:16:37,140
+centimeters.
+
+246
+00:16:39,660 --> 00:16:42,920
+We put it at a distance of 10 centimeters. We see
+
+247
+00:16:42,920 --> 00:16:45,240
+that all the rays are parallel to each other.
+
+248
+00:16:48,740 --> 00:16:52,360
+Exactly, it will be parallel to each other, if I
+
+249
+00:16:52,360 --> 00:16:55,660
+make it closer, it will be divergent. If I make it
+
+250
+00:16:55,660 --> 00:16:59,240
+farther, it will be convergent. So, when I put it on
+
+251
+00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:06,720
+an exact distance exactly on the light source on
+
+252
+00:17:06,720 --> 00:17:11,820
+the fa. The advantage of any light emitted by F-A is
+
+253
+00:17:11,820 --> 00:17:13,880
+that it comes out of the lens parallel to each
+
+254
+00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:17,940
+other and parallel to the optical axis and forms a
+
+255
+00:17:17,940 --> 00:17:21,620
+picture in the plus optical infinity. This is the
+
+256
+00:17:21,620 --> 00:17:23,580
+first information or the first advantage related
+
+257
+00:17:23,580 --> 00:17:29,130
+to F-A. الان في معلومة تانية اكمال The same is true
+
+258
+00:17:29,130 --> 00:17:32,530
+of light emanating from any point in the anterior
+
+259
+00:17:32,530 --> 00:17:36,630
+focal plane. هذه الكلام بدنا نفهمه بنقول انا في
+
+260
+00:17:36,630 --> 00:17:41,050
+عندي anterior focal point نقطة بيسموها البقرة
+
+261
+00:17:41,050 --> 00:17:44,310
+الأمامية وفي عندي مستوى فراغي بيمر فيها بيسموه
+
+262
+00:17:44,310 --> 00:17:49,090
+anterior focal plane. When I say anterior focal
+
+263
+00:17:49,090 --> 00:17:51,890
+point, it means that I mean the high point on the
+
+264
+00:17:51,890 --> 00:17:56,470
+optical axis. When I say anterior focal plane, it
+
+265
+00:17:56,470 --> 00:17:59,010
+means the spatial level that passes through it.
+
+266
+00:17:59,010 --> 00:18:02,350
+This speech, we said that any light that comes out
+
+267
+00:18:02,350 --> 00:18:05,630
+of the
+
+268
+00:18:05,630 --> 00:18:11,920
+lens is equal to each other. And in the same way, it
+
+269
+00:18:11,920 --> 00:18:15,040
+is parallel to the optical axis and it forms a
+
+270
+00:18:15,040 --> 00:18:18,420
+picture in the plus optical infinity. Now, there is
+
+271
+00:18:18,420 --> 00:18:22,320
+another scenario. That I have a narrow point, but
+
+272
+00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:26,040
+not on the face. It is in a place in the anterior
+
+273
+00:18:26,040 --> 00:18:28,740
+focal plane. In the anterior focal plane. For
+
+274
+00:18:28,740 --> 00:18:32,000
+example, this is the point that I am pointing at.
+
+275
+00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:34,540
+This is the anterior focal plane, and I want to
+
+276
+00:18:34,540 --> 00:18:39,800
+take a light emitted from point A. This point A is
+
+277
+00:18:39,800 --> 00:18:43,300
+not the FA, but it is one of the points in the
+
+278
+00:18:43,300 --> 00:18:46,540
+anterior focal plane. What will be the direction of
+
+279
+00:18:46,540 --> 00:18:49,960
+the rays coming from point A? From point A, let me
+
+280
+00:18:49,960 --> 00:18:53,120
+just, to clarify the picture, I say this is point
+
+281
+00:18:53,120 --> 00:18:58,620
+A. And
+
+282
+00:18:58,620 --> 00:19:01,980
+I mark it with an arrow to make it clear. The point
+
+283
+00:19:01,980 --> 00:19:05,200
+A, which is the point that I want to mark now with
+
+284
+00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:09,160
+an arrow, which is the center of gravity of the
+
+285
+00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:14,720
+object. The center of gravity of the object. We
+
+286
+00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:20,080
+give it colors to make it clear as well. So, what is
+
+287
+00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:24,120
+the point? The light came out of it and some of it
+
+288
+00:19:24,120 --> 00:19:28,760
+entered the lens. Does it have a feature? What is
+
+289
+00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:31,440
+this point? It does not fall on the face exactly.
+
+290
+00:19:31,440 --> 00:19:35,780
+It does not fall on the anterior focal point, not
+
+291
+00:19:35,780 --> 00:19:39,140
+the anterior focal point, but within the point
+
+292
+00:19:39,140 --> 00:19:42,720
+within the anterior focal plane, within this empty
+
+293
+00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:45,340
+level. Scientists found in the experiment that it
+
+294
+00:19:45,340 --> 00:19:48,920
+also has a feature that the rays that come out of
+
+295
+00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:53,320
+it are parallel to each other and form a picture
+
+296
+00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:56,420
+in the plus optical infinity, but not parallel to
+
+297
+00:19:56,420 --> 00:20:00,060
+the optical axis. Let's go back and see when it is
+
+298
+00:20:01,450 --> 00:20:06,330
+The light emitted from the light source FA is
+
+299
+00:20:06,330 --> 00:20:10,850
+coming directly to the front camera. The result is
+
+300
+00:20:10,850 --> 00:20:15,130
+that the rays are parallel to each other and
+
+301
+00:20:15,130 --> 00:20:19,830
+parallel to the optical axis at the same time. And
+
+302
+00:20:19,830 --> 00:20:22,810
+it forms a picture in the plus optical infinity.
+
+303
+00:20:22,810 --> 00:20:26,470
+Here, there is a simple difference that the light
+
+304
+00:20:26,470 --> 00:20:28,910
+point that came out of it did not come to the face
+
+305
+00:20:28,910 --> 00:20:32,940
+but came to the anterior focal plane, it will give
+
+306
+00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:35,480
+me the same result with a slight difference, what
+
+307
+00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:37,780
+is the same result from the rays that will come
+
+308
+00:20:37,780 --> 00:20:41,960
+out of the lens will come out parallel and as long
+
+309
+00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:43,820
+as it is parallel, it will not meet except in
+
+310
+00:20:43,820 --> 00:20:47,400
+infinity. In the end, it will not meet. They say that
+
+311
+00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:50,360
+it will form a picture in the plus optical
+
+312
+00:20:50,360 --> 00:20:53,460
+infinity, but it will not be parallel to the
+
+313
+00:20:53,460 --> 00:20:56,100
+optical axis. We will see this in the simulation. It
+
+314
+00:20:56,100 --> 00:21:01,500
+will simplify the matter for us very much. Here, I
+
+315
+00:21:01,500 --> 00:21:07,240
+have a lens, the light source is coming to the
+
+316
+00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:11,680
+face exactly. Therefore, the rays are parallel to
+
+317
+00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:15,040
+each other and parallel to the optical axis, and
+
+318
+00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:17,520
+will form a picture in the plus optical infinity.
+
+319
+00:21:17,580 --> 00:21:20,260
+I need another point source. It comes to the
+
+320
+00:21:20,260 --> 00:21:23,120
+anterior focal plane. This anterior focal plane I
+
+321
+00:21:23,120 --> 00:21:27,180
+put it to the grid to help us in this case. This
+
+322
+00:21:27,180 --> 00:21:31,190
+anterior focal. Let's suppose this point is lost,
+
+323
+00:21:31,310 --> 00:21:34,230
+we need to use the blocker to store the things
+
+324
+00:21:34,230 --> 00:21:39,810
+that we want to remove and
+
+325
+00:21:39,810 --> 00:21:42,350
+we need to do duplication because there are still
+
+326
+00:21:42,350 --> 00:21:48,450
+a lot of things that we want to
+
+327
+00:21:48,450 --> 00:21:54,900
+remove. That's it, this point مضيقة وهي مقطة مضيقة
+
+328
+00:21:54,900 --> 00:22:00,880
+هذه تقع ال anterior focal point fa وهذه تقع في ال
+
+329
+00:22:00,880 --> 00:22:05,460
+anterior within the anterior focal plane. Look at
+
+330
+00:22:05,460 --> 00:22:09,060
+the result, here the rays are parallel and here
+
+331
+00:22:09,060 --> 00:22:11,760
+the rays are also parallel. You can say that this
+
+332
+00:22:11,760 --> 00:22:13,820
+is not parallel. No, it is parallel, but the
+
+333
+00:22:13,820 --> 00:22:15,640
+distances between them are different. It is not a
+
+334
+00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:17,820
+problem, but they are parallel to each other. That
+
+335
+00:22:17,820 --> 00:22:19,660
+is, this and this and this and this are all
+
+336
+00:22:19,660 --> 00:22:23,040
+parallel, okay? Okay, now as long as it is
+
+337
+00:22:23,040 --> 00:22:25,380
+parallel and this is parallel, this will form a
+
+338
+00:22:25,380 --> 00:22:28,240
+picture in the plus optical infinity and this will
+
+339
+00:22:28,240 --> 00:22:30,900
+also form a picture in the plus optical infinity.
+
+340
+00:22:31,340 --> 00:22:34,460
+Okay. What is the only difference between them is
+
+341
+00:22:34,460 --> 00:22:37,540
+that this is parallel to the optical axis, while
+
+342
+00:22:37,540 --> 00:22:40,360
+this is parallel but not parallel to the optical
+
+343
+00:22:40,360 --> 00:22:43,120
+axis. Why not parallel to the optical axis?
+
+344
+00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:46,900
+Because the point source is called off axis, not
+
+345
+00:22:46,900 --> 00:22:49,580
+coming to the optical axis. Here, the point source
+
+346
+00:22:49,580 --> 00:22:51,940
+is coming to the optical axis, exactly coming to
+
+347
+00:22:51,940 --> 00:22:54,160
+the anterior focal point. And this is the meaning
+
+348
+00:22:54,160 --> 00:22:58,920
+of the speech that we mentioned a while ago. The
+
+349
+00:22:58,920 --> 00:23:02,440
+same is true of light emanating from any point in
+
+350
+00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:06,080
+the anterior focal plane. بس من .. من أي نقطة في ال
+
+351
+00:23:06,080 --> 00:23:08,660
+anterior focal plane. نعم, من أي نقطة في ال anterior
+
+352
+00:23:08,660 --> 00:23:12,160
+focal plane. نخد كمان point source هنا في ال
+
+353
+00:23:12,160 --> 00:23:15,200
+anterior focal plane .. في ال anterior focal plane
+
+354
+00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:21,620
+نستعين بال blocker عشان يخفي لي كل الأشعة اللي أنا
+
+355
+00:23:21,620 --> 00:23:25,480
+مابديش إياها. نعمله duplication.
+
+356
+00:23:29,230 --> 00:23:36,050
+I have another point on
+
+357
+00:23:36,050 --> 00:23:40,610
+the anterior focal plane, the rays that entered
+
+358
+00:23:40,610 --> 00:23:49,330
+the lens came out parallel equal to each other, so
+
+359
+00:23:49,330 --> 00:23:51,350
+it will form a picture in the plus optical
+
+360
+00:23:51,350 --> 00:23:55,350
+infinity, but it will not be these rays equal to
+
+361
+00:23:55,350 --> 00:23:58,550
+the optical axis, equal to the optical axis, and
+
+362
+00:23:58,550 --> 00:24:00,810
+so on, the picture became clear in a way that
+
+363
+00:24:00,810 --> 00:24:02,170
+there is no doubt about it, there is no doubt
+
+364
+00:24:02,170 --> 00:24:05,430
+about it. We can take another example, another
+
+365
+00:24:05,430 --> 00:24:09,570
+example, we do set, reset for this one, we say
+
+366
+00:24:09,570 --> 00:24:13,510
+that we want this grid, and we want point source
+
+367
+00:24:13,510 --> 00:24:14,170
+of light.
+
+368
+00:24:18,450 --> 00:24:21,890
+We want to reduce the density of the rays and we
+
+369
+00:24:21,890 --> 00:24:27,250
+want to make a blocker to reduce some of the rays.
+
+370
+00:24:27,250 --> 00:24:30,690
+We
+
+371
+00:24:30,690 --> 00:24:35,330
+want to make a duplication for the blocker to hide
+
+372
+00:24:35,330 --> 00:24:39,230
+many of the rays. Many of the rays. Okay. Now, we want
+
+373
+00:24:39,230 --> 00:24:45,970
+the ruler to use it in the measurement. Sorry.
+
+374
+00:24:48,090 --> 00:24:56,330
+We need the ruler. Excuse me, we
+
+375
+00:24:56,330 --> 00:25:01,070
+will start from the zero point. We
+
+376
+00:25:01,070 --> 00:25:07,950
+will use a lens plus four diopter to plus four
+
+377
+00:25:07,950 --> 00:25:11,230
+diopter before we move. We say to plus four diopter
+
+378
+00:25:11,230 --> 00:25:15,510
+to plus four diopter of the lens
+
+379
+00:25:18,540 --> 00:25:23,560
+one, which is on the plus four diopter and is equal
+
+380
+00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,580
+to a quarter of a meter, a quarter of a meter, and
+
+381
+00:25:26,580 --> 00:25:30,000
+the diopter which is minus one meter when it goes
+
+382
+00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:31,720
+up, it becomes a quarter of a meter, which is twenty
+
+383
+00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:34,560
+-five centimeters. So, the focal length of it, or
+
+384
+00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:38,180
+the fa is located a quarter of a meter to the left
+
+385
+00:25:38,180 --> 00:25:41,150
+of the lens, to the left of the lens. Means it will
+
+386
+00:25:41,150 --> 00:25:47,270
+be 25 cm away from the lens. These are in mm, 200
+
+387
+00:25:47,270 --> 00:25:50,430
+mm means 20 cm here in the middle between 200 and
+
+388
+00:25:50,430 --> 00:25:54,350
+300, between 20 and 30 cm, it will be 25 cm. Now, we
+
+389
+00:25:54,350 --> 00:26:03,730
+want the lens. We want the focal length to be to
+
+390
+00:26:03,730 --> 00:26:06,910
+make its strength plus 4. We want the focal length
+
+391
+00:26:06,910 --> 00:26:08,750
+to be
+
+392
+00:26:11,250 --> 00:26:13,310
+Two hundred and fifty, two hundred and fifty
+
+393
+00:26:13,310 --> 00:26:16,390
+millimeters, means twenty-five centimeters. We come
+
+394
+00:26:16,390 --> 00:26:20,570
+here, we say if we put it so that the point is
+
+395
+00:26:20,570 --> 00:26:23,310
+closer, the rays will be divergent, further away,
+
+396
+00:26:23,390 --> 00:26:26,290
+the rays will be convergent. Okay. If we put the
+
+397
+00:26:26,290 --> 00:26:28,270
+point so that it comes exactly,
+
+398
+00:26:30,790 --> 00:26:36,390
+so that the rays are parallel to each other because
+
+399
+00:26:36,390 --> 00:26:40,190
+the point became on the fa of the lens, it became
+
+400
+00:26:40,190 --> 00:26:44,450
+exactly on the fa of the lens. Okay. If we have off
+
+401
+00:26:44,450 --> 00:26:48,350
+axis, or .. or .. or .. yes, off axis, it's not on
+
+402
+00:26:48,350 --> 00:26:50,750
+the optical axis, it's a point source for another
+
+403
+00:26:50,750 --> 00:26:59,330
+light and we say it on the same focal plane. We put
+
+404
+00:26:59,330 --> 00:27:03,910
+the blocker to help us see. Cancel rays that have
+
+405
+00:27:03,910 --> 00:27:05,510
+nothing to do with the lens.
+
+406
+00:27:15,190 --> 00:27:20,090
+These rays have nothing to do with the lens. As
+
+407
+00:27:20,090 --> 00:27:22,230
+long as the point source is on the anterior focal
+
+408
+00:27:22,230 --> 00:27:25,670
+plane, the external rays will be parallel to each
+
+409
+00:27:25,670 --> 00:27:28,030
+other. It will form a picture in the plus optical
+
+410
+00:27:28,030 --> 00:27:31,290
+infinity. But, it will not be parallel to the
+
+411
+00:27:31,290 --> 00:27:33,630
+optical axis. And this is the feature that
+
+412
+00:27:33,630 --> 00:27:36,170
+distinguishes FA from any point in the anterior
+
+413
+00:2
+
+445
+00:30:22,040 --> 00:30:27,500
+meters which is 5 meters 2 of 10 meters and it is
+
+446
+00:30:27,500 --> 00:30:32,640
+equal to 20 cm we will see this in the simulation
+
+447
+00:30:32,640 --> 00:30:37,440
+we will say here we have a lens the lens to know
+
+448
+00:30:37,440 --> 00:30:41,400
+how big it is this is 10 diopter to be 5 diopter
+
+449
+00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:46,980
+the focal length has to be 10 cm okay now we
+
+450
+00:30:46,980 --> 00:30:50,640
+measure the light is equal to each other the
+
+451
+00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:56,600
+distance between the lens and the lens is 220 cm
+
+452
+00:30:58,260 --> 00:31:01,420
+Equivalent rays coming from the minus optical
+
+453
+00:31:01,420 --> 00:31:06,040
+infinity on the left side Why did we say coming
+
+454
+00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:08,360
+from the minus optical infinity? Because its
+
+455
+00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:10,500
+divergence is zero What does zero mean divergence?
+
+456
+00:31:11,260 --> 00:31:15,760
+It means it is neither convergent
+
+457
+00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:18,880
+nor divergent That is, the U at the surface of the
+
+458
+00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:22,820
+lens is zero Example, we say as usual Equivalent
+
+459
+00:31:22,820 --> 00:31:26,020
+rays to each other Let's suppose we have an
+
+460
+00:31:26,020 --> 00:31:29,960
+example here I will delete it and say as follows,
+
+461
+00:31:30,040 --> 00:31:37,300
+here we have optical access and
+
+462
+00:31:37,300 --> 00:31:49,320
+here I have lens with 5 diopters for example or
+
+463
+00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:55,060
+let's say plus 10 diopters, no problem Now there
+
+464
+00:31:55,060 --> 00:31:58,200
+are rays parallel to each other and parallel to
+
+465
+00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:03,020
+the optical axis Parallel to each other and at the
+
+466
+00:32:03,020 --> 00:32:08,340
+same time parallel to the optical axis Let's draw
+
+467
+00:32:08,340 --> 00:32:15,980
+it better These
+
+468
+00:32:15,980 --> 00:32:18,760
+rays as parallel to each other, the divergence is
+
+469
+00:32:18,760 --> 00:32:22,340
+zero Let's say as follows
+
+470
+00:32:25,890 --> 00:32:42,470
+يو تساوي ناقص ان على او انا بدي او او تساوي ناقص
+
+471
+00:32:42,470 --> 00:32:48,390
+ان على يو
+
+472
+00:32:48,390 --> 00:32:50,930
+ويساوي
+
+473
+00:32:52,390 --> 00:32:58,830
+-1 to the power of U0. Why U0? Because the rays
+
+474
+00:32:58,830 --> 00:33:01,210
+are parallel to each other. U is the vergence, and
+
+475
+00:33:01,210 --> 00:33:03,270
+we said that the vergence of the parallel rays is
+
+476
+00:33:03,270 --> 00:33:08,290
+zero. Any part divided by zero minus infinity. I
+
+477
+00:33:08,290 --> 00:33:11,110
+have the sign minus as if it means north, not
+
+478
+00:33:11,110 --> 00:33:14,790
+because it is minus as a value. Minus infinity. So
+
+479
+00:33:14,790 --> 00:33:17,290
+it's like the object is in the minus optical
+
+480
+00:33:17,290 --> 00:33:19,550
+infinity. It's like it's on the left in the left
+
+481
+00:33:19,550 --> 00:33:23,670
+end of the left. So that's why we say any parallel
+
+482
+00:33:23,670 --> 00:33:27,370
+rays coming from the minus optical infinity,
+
+483
+00:33:27,950 --> 00:33:30,410
+coming from the minus optical infinity means
+
+484
+00:33:30,410 --> 00:33:33,770
+parallel to each other. Where will the image be
+
+485
+00:33:33,770 --> 00:33:37,250
+formed? So the U is zero. Okay, the U is zero.
+
+486
+00:33:37,350 --> 00:33:45,880
+Let's continue. The U is zero. U plus power is
+
+487
+00:33:45,880 --> 00:33:51,660
+equal to v u zero plus power is equal to ten
+
+488
+00:33:51,660 --> 00:33:57,860
+diopters is equal to v so v is equal to ten
+
+489
+00:33:57,860 --> 00:34:01,820
+diopters plus ten diopters where is the image
+
+490
+00:34:01,820 --> 00:34:06,560
+going to be? v is equal to unconditional over i
+
+491
+00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:18,420
+and negative over i so I تساوي Uncharted على V
+
+492
+00:34:18,420 --> 00:34:21,740
+ويساوي
+
+493
+00:34:21,740 --> 00:34:24,760
+واحد
+
+494
+00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:34,560
+على plus عشرة ديوبتر ويساوي واحد من عشرة متر
+
+495
+00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:39,730
+ويساوي عشرة صندوقSo the picture will be at a
+
+496
+00:34:39,730 --> 00:34:43,930
+distance of 10 cm, the same distance as the
+
+497
+00:34:43,930 --> 00:34:46,170
+posterior focal point Because the posterior focal
+
+498
+00:34:46,170 --> 00:34:49,810
+point, we got it as 1 over 10, 10 meters means 10
+
+499
+00:34:49,810 --> 00:34:55,560
+cm, so any rays parallel to each other and it's
+
+500
+00:34:55,560 --> 00:34:57,880
+equilateral to the optical axis and it's image
+
+501
+00:34:57,880 --> 00:35:03,060
+will be collected in the posterior focal point so
+
+502
+00:35:03,060 --> 00:35:06,220
+collimated light entering a lens from minus
+
+503
+00:35:06,220 --> 00:35:09,980
+optical infinity image to the posterior secondary
+
+504
+00:35:09,980 --> 00:35:13,100
+focal point collimated light is the light that is
+
+505
+00:35:13,100 --> 00:35:16,220
+parallel to each other Or they are equal to each
+
+506
+00:35:16,220 --> 00:35:18,640
+other And what comes from the minus optical
+
+507
+00:35:18,640 --> 00:35:23,500
+infinity will be in the posterior focal point And
+
+508
+00:35:23,500 --> 00:35:25,840
+this is a feature of the posterior focal point
+
+509
+00:35:25,840 --> 00:35:30,080
+Okay, now as usual What is the advantage? The
+
+510
+00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:34,140
+advantage is when I see parallel rays parallel to
+
+511
+00:35:34,140 --> 00:35:35,380
+each other and parallel to the optical axis
+
+512
+00:35:35,380 --> 00:35:37,640
+without any calculations, I don't calculate u, or
+
+513
+00:35:37,640 --> 00:35:40,560
+p, or v, all these equations are not necessary As
+
+514
+00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:42,840
+long as I see the view that the rays are parallel
+
+515
+00:35:42,840 --> 00:35:45,440
+to each other and parallel to the optical axis,
+
+516
+00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:47,940
+quickly I say where is the posterior focal point,
+
+517
+00:35:47,980 --> 00:35:50,380
+the image is here, at the posterior focal point
+
+518
+00:35:50,380 --> 00:35:54,760
+Also in simulation, here we chose a lens plus
+
+519
+00:35:54,760 --> 00:35:59,560
+five, plus five, how did we know plus five? 200
+
+520
+00:35:59,560 --> 00:36:04,640
+milli means 20 cm above the focal point If we
+
+521
+00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:11,940
+change it and say we want it 100 milli which is 10
+
+522
+00:36:11,940 --> 00:36:17,310
+cm, we will find that this image will be 10 cm Can
+
+523
+00:36:17,310 --> 00:36:20,190
+you see it exactly? Ok, why at a distance of 10
+
+524
+00:36:20,190 --> 00:36:23,370
+cm? Because the focal point of the 10 diopter is
+
+525
+00:36:23,370 --> 00:36:26,370
+at a distance of 10 cm Ok, we want to choose a
+
+526
+00:36:26,370 --> 00:36:28,830
+certain lens strength, let's say a lens plus 2
+
+527
+00:36:28,830 --> 00:36:32,570
+diopter Plus 2 diopter, how much is the rear focal
+
+528
+00:36:32,570 --> 00:36:37,810
+length? We say that the rear focal length is Fp
+
+529
+00:36:37,810 --> 00:36:42,080
+equals to a constant over I انشرطة عفوًا على ال
+
+530
+00:36:42,080 --> 00:36:46,800
+power اسم على ال power ويساوي انشرطة لي واحد احنا
+
+531
+00:36:46,800 --> 00:36:50,480
+في الهواء على ال power اتنين diopter او plus اتنين
+
+532
+00:36:50,480 --> 00:36:56,440
+diopter ويساوي نص
+
+533
+00:36:56,440 --> 00:37:00,870
+متر يعني خمسين صندق نص متر يعني خمسين صندق Excuse
+
+534
+00:37:00,870 --> 00:37:05,430
+me, someone wrote twenty, fifty, six, fifty, six
+
+535
+00:37:05,430 --> 00:37:08,130
+Ok, let's apply this practically, we say as
+
+536
+00:37:08,130 --> 00:37:14,420
+follows, we have .. I want it plus 2 diopter means
+
+537
+00:37:14,420 --> 00:37:21,040
+it should be 50 cm 500 mm Let's apply this and see
+
+538
+00:37:21,040 --> 00:37:26,500
+how the image is gathered at a distance of 50 cm
+
+539
+00:37:26,500 --> 00:37:29,380
+at the point Always the rays are always parallel
+
+540
+00:37:29,380 --> 00:37:33,460
+inside the lens Inside the lens coming from the
+
+541
+00:37:33,460 --> 00:37:37,380
+minus optical infinity Always without any
+
+542
+00:37:37,380 --> 00:37:40,640
+calculations The image of the parallel rays will
+
+543
+00:37:40,640 --> 00:37:43,970
+be in the posterior focal point How do I get the
+
+544
+00:37:43,970 --> 00:37:46,610
+posterior focal point? I divide it by Uncharted
+
+545
+00:37:46,610 --> 00:37:50,670
+which is the refractive index behind the lens
+
+546
+00:37:50,670 --> 00:37:54,190
+Uncharted divided by the power of the lens. The
+
+547
+00:37:54,190 --> 00:37:59,930
+power of the lens is 20 diopters. 20 diopters
+
+548
+00:37:59,930 --> 00:38:05,350
+means that the focal length is 55 cm which is 50
+
+549
+00:38:05,350 --> 00:38:10,540
+mm. Can you see it? On a distance of 5 cm, which is
+
+550
+00:38:10,540 --> 00:38:14,400
+10 cm, 20 cm, which is on a distance of 5 cm. So,
+
+551
+00:38:15,420 --> 00:38:20,240
+in one word, in one word, any lens that has a
+
+552
+00:38:20,240 --> 00:38:23,280
+collimated light that is parallel to each other
+
+553
+00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:25,820
+and parallel to the optical axis, the image will
+
+554
+00:38:25,820 --> 00:38:29,340
+be formed in the posterior focal point exactly as
+
+555
+00:38:29,340 --> 00:38:34,240
+this drawing indicates. Is the story over? No. The
+
+556
+00:38:34,240 --> 00:38:37,060
+thing is still missing. Collimated of axis rays
+
+557
+00:38:37,980 --> 00:38:41,300
+from minus infinity focus to the posterior focal
+
+558
+00:38:41,300 --> 00:38:47,020
+plane I have a posterior focal point and I also
+
+559
+00:38:47,020 --> 00:38:50,580
+have a posterior focal plane posterior focal plane
+
+560
+00:38:50,580 --> 00:38:53,260
+let's look at the view that will explain the idea
+
+561
+00:38:53,260 --> 00:38:55,860
+let's assume that the lens has 5 diopters which is
+
+562
+00:38:55,860 --> 00:39:01,180
+20 centimeters of its original distance okay now I
+
+563
+00:39:01,180 --> 00:39:04,800
+want another source of light also parallel to each
+
+564
+00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:07,120
+other but off axis
+
+565
+00:39:12,190 --> 00:39:14,910
+this is off axis, another source of light, can you
+
+566
+00:39:14,910 --> 00:39:17,910
+see it? where did the picture come from? the rays
+
+567
+00:39:17,910 --> 00:39:21,210
+are parallel to each other but off axis doesn't
+
+568
+00:39:21,210 --> 00:39:23,110
+mean they are parallel to the optical axis they
+
+569
+00:39:23,110 --> 00:39:25,150
+are not parallel to the optical axis the picture
+
+570
+00:39:25,150 --> 00:39:29,150
+was formed in the posterior focal plane okay,
+
+571
+00:39:29,630 --> 00:39:36,190
+third source of light parallel to each other it
+
+572
+00:39:36,190 --> 00:39:39,170
+came from the minus optical infinity, can you see
+
+573
+00:39:39,170 --> 00:39:45,120
+it too? also in the posterior focal plane الميزة
+
+574
+00:39:45,120 --> 00:39:48,640
+الوحيدة أنه يكون إذا كانوا موازي لل optical axis
+
+575
+00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:53,260
+الصورة هتتكون في ال posterior focal point إذا
+
+576
+00:39:53,260 --> 00:39:57,220
+كانوا متوازي مع بعض البعض بس مش موازي لل optical
+
+577
+00:39:57,220 --> 00:40:01,640
+axis الصورة هتتكون في ال posterior focal plane زي
+
+578
+00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:05,940
+ما الكلام هذا و الصورة بتوضع هنا موازي لبعض البعض
+
+579
+00:40:05,940 --> 00:40:10,460
+وموازي في نفس الوقت لل optical axis الصورة هتتكون
+
+580
+00:40:10,460 --> 00:40:15,830
+في ال posterior focal point while the collimated
+
+581
+00:40:15,830 --> 00:40:18,170
+off axis, which is not parallel to the optical
+
+582
+00:40:18,170 --> 00:40:21,850
+axis raised from minus infinity focused to the
+
+583
+00:40:21,850 --> 00:40:25,850
+posterior focal plane as seen here these rays are
+
+584
+00:40:25,850 --> 00:40:28,510
+parallel to each other coming from minus infinity
+
+585
+00:40:28,510 --> 00:40:34,270
+but they have a feature that they are not parallel
+
+586
+00:40:34,270 --> 00:40:38,670
+to the optical axis however, since they are
+
+587
+00:40:38,670 --> 00:40:40,790
+parallel to each other in their shape
+
+588
+00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:03,820
+For a thin lens immersed in an uniform medium,
+
+589
+00:41:04,360 --> 00:41:09,120
+such as air or water, FA and FP are equidistant
+
+590
+00:41:09,120 --> 00:41:16,620
+from the lens equidistance from lens بمعنى آخر fa و fb
+
+591
+00:41:16,620 --> 00:41:25,720
+نفس البعد عن يعني
+
+592
+00:41:26,120 --> 00:41:29,620
+FA is far away in the case of plus five diopter
+
+593
+00:41:29,620 --> 00:41:31,800
+lens. This is a thin lens. Of course, we call it
+
+594
+00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:34,980
+thin, but it is a thin lens. It is located in the
+
+595
+00:41:34,980 --> 00:41:37,320
+middle of a homogeneity. What does it mean in the
+
+596
+00:41:37,320 --> 00:41:38,700
+middle of a homogeneity? It means that in front of
+
+597
+00:41:38,700 --> 00:41:41,080
+it is something that is the same as behind it.
+
+598
+00:41:41,100 --> 00:41:43,620
+That is, in front of it is air, behind it is air.
+
+599
+00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:45,420
+In front of it is water, behind it is water.
+
+600
+00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:55,620
+Fa and Fb are equidistance from the lens, meaning
+
+601
+00:41:55,620 --> 00:41:57,680
+they have the same distance or they are away from
+
+602
+00:41:57,680 --> 00:42:00,820
+the same distance. The front cam is away from the
+
+603
+00:42:00,820 --> 00:42:03,760
+lens, it is the same distance that the rear cam is
+
+604
+00:42:03,760 --> 00:42:06,220
+away from. But in the case of differences in the
+
+605
+00:42:06,220 --> 00:42:08,320
+means, for example, here is air and here is water,
+
+606
+00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:10,820
+there is a different distance that we will be able
+
+607
+00:42:10,820 --> 00:42:13,200
+to get. Of course, we multiply the refractive
+
+608
+00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:17,260
+index We divide the refractive index by the power.
+
+609
+00:42:17,520 --> 00:42:23,460
+For example, if we assume here on this side, on
+
+610
+00:42:23,460 --> 00:42:27,980
+the left of the lens there is air, we say FA is
+
+611
+00:42:27,980 --> 00:42:31,660
+away from the next distance, which is N over the
+
+612
+00:42:31,660 --> 00:42:37,040
+power, which is equal to N1 and the power is 5
+
+613
+00:42:37,040 --> 00:42:39,400
+diopters,
+
+614
+00:42:41,580 --> 00:42:46,470
+which is equal to 1 over 5 diopter means 5 meters
+
+615
+00:42:46,470 --> 00:42:48,950
+which is 2 out of 10 meters which is 20
+
+616
+00:42:48,950 --> 00:42:53,570
+centimeters okay
+
+617
+00:42:53,570 --> 00:42:56,570
+let's suppose here water is 1 and 3 out of 10 we
+
+618
+00:42:56,570 --> 00:43:04,470
+say as follows Fb F the
+
+619
+00:43:04,470 --> 00:43:08,010
+posterior focal point is equal to the power
+
+620
+00:43:12,150 --> 00:43:14,050
+because here the condition is different because
+
+621
+00:43:14,050 --> 00:43:15,870
+here the middle is not homogeneous, here is air,
+
+622
+00:43:16,210 --> 00:43:18,410
+here is water so the refractive index of water is
+
+623
+00:43:18,410 --> 00:43:24,790
+one and three out of ten divided by five this is
+
+624
+00:43:24,790 --> 00:43:27,130
+greater than or equal to let's go to the
+
+625
+00:43:27,130 --> 00:43:31,610
+calculator quickly we
+
+626
+00:43:31,610 --> 00:43:37,730
+divide one and three out of ten by five
+
+627
+00:43:39,320 --> 00:43:50,220
+1.310 × 5 equals 26 cm
+
+628
+00:43:50,220 --> 00:43:56,760
+or 26 cm from 100 meters equals
+
+629
+00:43:56,760 --> 00:44:02,430
+26 cm So when the middle is not homogenous, here
+
+630
+00:44:02,430 --> 00:44:05,990
+air and here water, the front camera moves away
+
+631
+00:44:05,990 --> 00:44:08,830
+from the lens by 20 cm, while the rear camera
+
+632
+00:44:08,830 --> 00:44:11,190
+moves away from the lens by 26 cm, which means
+
+633
+00:44:11,190 --> 00:44:14,370
+further away from the front camera. When is it
+
+634
+00:44:14,370 --> 00:44:17,530
+equal to fA and fB in their distance from the
+
+635
+00:44
+
+Please provide the Arabic/English lecture transcript you would like me to proofread. I will focus on typos, grammar, and punctuation, preserving the original meaning, style, and language. 

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/7EgIsWUhHBE.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,784 @@
+
+1
+00:00:01,500 --> 00:00:03,500
+Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim, we have a problem
+
+2
+00:00:03,500 --> 00:00:06,960
+with the lens decentration The optical center of
+
+3
+00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:15,120
+the lens on the right became outwards 8mm and
+
+4
+00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:22,280
+downwards 7mm So it went out 8mm and down 7mm of
+
+5
+00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:27,720
+course the lens strength Plus
+
+6
+00:00:27,720 --> 00:00:38,760
+6 diopterthe right lens and
+
+7
+00:00:38,760 --> 00:00:46,500
+the left lens plus five and a half diodes
+
+8
+00:00:46,500 --> 00:00:49,320
+by mistake,
+
+9
+00:00:50,160 --> 00:00:53,420
+the lens was focused in such a way that there was
+
+10
+00:00:53,420 --> 00:00:57,740
+a decentralization الان بالنسبالي العدسة الشمال was
+
+11
+00:00:57,740 --> 00:01:02,500
+decentered outward لبرا خمسة ملي و لفوق upward
+
+12
+00:01:02,500 --> 00:01:05,820
+سبعة ملي متر What is the total horizontal and
+
+13
+00:01:05,820 --> 00:01:09,280
+vertical aprismatic effect and which is more
+
+14
+00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:12,580
+problematic to the patient؟ بدنا نجسم الصفحة
+
+15
+00:01:12,580 --> 00:01:14,380
+بتاعتنا لأقسام
+
+16
+00:01:40,250 --> 00:01:44,190
+لأقصى عشان نبدأ بالحل
+
+17
+00:02:04,230 --> 00:02:07,450
+first part we need to see the horizontal effect
+
+18
+00:02:07,450 --> 00:02:15,390
+for right eye of course we
+
+19
+00:02:15,390 --> 00:02:20,170
+will say horizontal effect right horizontal effect
+
+20
+00:02:20,170 --> 00:02:29,370
+right we
+
+21
+00:02:29,370 --> 00:02:33,410
+will use the horizontal cross sectionwe call it
+
+22
+00:02:33,410 --> 00:02:37,470
+optical center it
+
+23
+00:02:37,470 --> 00:02:39,850
+was supposed to be like this in the middle but it
+
+24
+00:02:39,850 --> 00:02:45,670
+moved outward by 8 mm when it moved outward, the
+
+25
+00:02:45,670 --> 00:02:53,170
+eye looks through a phase-out prism so first phase
+
+26
+00:02:53,170 --> 00:02:57,750
+-out effect phase-out prism
+
+27
+00:03:06,910 --> 00:03:14,110
+The Prismatic Gadget is equal to h into d where h
+
+28
+00:03:14,110 --> 00:03:29,330
+is the distance and
+
+29
+00:03:29,330 --> 00:03:34,090
+it is equal to 8 millimeters which is 8 out of 10
+
+30
+00:03:34,090 --> 00:03:34,650
+centimeters
+
+31
+00:03:37,470 --> 00:03:45,850
+multiply power by 6 multiply 6 by diopter and it
+
+32
+00:03:45,850 --> 00:03:52,030
+equals the prismatic effect 8x6x8x40 which is 4
+
+33
+00:03:52,030 --> 00:04:05,490
+.8x10 the prism diopter so
+
+34
+00:04:05,490 --> 00:04:06,890
+this is the horizontal effect
+
+35
+00:04:11,260 --> 00:04:17,340
+Horizontal effect for the right eye 4
+
+36
+00:04:17,340 --> 00:04:22,860
+,8,10 prism diopter, base out, base out Ok, now we
+
+37
+00:04:22,860 --> 00:04:24,920
+come to the vertical effect for the right eye to
+
+38
+00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:30,460
+finish everything The
+
+39
+00:04:30,460 --> 00:04:34,680
+vertical effect for the right eye is supposed to
+
+40
+00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:38,000
+be in the middle, but the center went down by 7
+
+41
+00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:44,450
+millimetersseven milli, then the eye has a face
+
+42
+00:04:44,450 --> 00:04:51,130
+down effect or face down prism, the vertical
+
+43
+00:04:51,130 --> 00:04:53,530
+effect of the right eye
+
+44
+00:05:09,940 --> 00:05:13,300
+vertical effect to the right eye based on the
+
+45
+00:05:13,300 --> 00:05:20,560
+prism based on the prism how much it is equal to H
+
+46
+00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:27,380
+in D and equal to H seven miles down, which is
+
+47
+00:05:27,380 --> 00:05:32,140
+seven out of ten centimeters times D, which is six
+
+48
+00:05:32,140 --> 00:05:35,300
+diopters seven times six is forty-two, which is
+
+49
+00:05:35,300 --> 00:05:39,100
+four and two out of ten diopters
+
+50
+00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:45,000
+So this is the vertical effect for the right eye
+
+51
+00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:53,080
+So the horizontal effect is based out 4 out of 10
+
+52
+00:05:53,080 --> 00:06:00,020
+prism and the vertical effect is 4 out of 10 prism
+
+53
+00:06:00,020 --> 00:06:02,560
+based down
+
+54
+00:06:13,070 --> 00:06:19,230
+Go to Horizontal Effect, it's here,
+
+55
+00:06:19,690 --> 00:06:28,750
+and press CTRL X and CTRL V, it will look like
+
+56
+00:06:28,750 --> 00:06:28,970
+this
+
+57
+00:06:32,070 --> 00:06:36,270
+to compare vertical
+
+58
+00:06:36,270 --> 00:06:39,230
+with vertical and horizontal with horizontal we
+
+59
+00:06:39,230 --> 00:06:43,250
+come to the left eye the left eye the horizontal
+
+60
+00:06:43,250 --> 00:06:49,750
+effect decentered outward 5mm to outside 5mm and
+
+61
+00:06:49,750 --> 00:06:54,610
+it should be like this
+
+62
+00:06:54,610 --> 00:06:56,630
+exactly in front of the pupil it became
+
+63
+00:06:56,630 --> 00:07:00,350
+decentration outward so I also have a base out
+
+64
+00:07:00,350 --> 00:07:05,650
+effectجداش مقداره؟ طبعاً لما بيقول horizontal
+
+65
+00:07:05,650 --> 00:07:07,130
+effect left
+
+66
+00:07:24,080 --> 00:07:27,460
+Horizontal prismatic effect on the left eye is
+
+67
+00:07:27,460 --> 00:07:29,540
+called the Bayes out effect
+
+68
+00:08:00,870 --> 00:08:11,650
+H5mmD5.5cmD5.5cmD5.5cmD5.5cmD5.5cmD5.5cmD5.5cmD5
+
+69
+00:08:11,650 --> 00:08:11,670
+.5cm
+
+70
+00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:33,780
+We say 5 times 5.5 equals
+
+71
+00:08:33,780 --> 00:08:46,920
+27.5 which is 72.75% 2.75% Prism Diopter Base Out
+
+72
+00:08:46,920 --> 00:08:52,520
+2.75% Base Out of course this is the horizontal
+
+73
+00:08:52,520 --> 00:08:53,480
+effect of
+
+74
+00:08:56,220 --> 00:08:58,820
+the left eye now we need the vertical effect of
+
+75
+00:08:58,820 --> 00:09:02,660
+the left eye which
+
+76
+00:09:02,660 --> 00:09:12,620
+is vertical effect left which
+
+77
+00:09:12,620 --> 00:09:17,740
+is how much it equals we remove the horizontal
+
+78
+00:09:17,740 --> 00:09:23,980
+effect and
+
+79
+00:09:23,980 --> 00:09:24,780
+we bring the vertical
+
+80
+00:09:30,260 --> 00:09:33,120
+vertical is the section of the plus lens which is
+
+81
+00:09:33,120 --> 00:09:36,640
+supposed to be exactly the center of the pupil but
+
+82
+00:09:36,640 --> 00:09:43,320
+it has a decentration of up up to 7 mm the eye
+
+83
+00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:47,780
+looks through the prism with its base up so base
+
+84
+00:09:47,780 --> 00:09:56,240
+up the prism base up effect how much is it? it is
+
+85
+00:09:56,240 --> 00:09:57,240
+equal to hvd
+
+86
+00:09:59,990 --> 00:10:06,090
+ويساوي H 7 mili يعني سبعة من عشرة سنتة في دي ضرب
+
+87
+00:10:06,090 --> 00:10:14,450
+اللي هي خمسة و نص ديوتر ويساوي سبعة من عشرة في
+
+88
+00:10:14,450 --> 00:10:23,970
+خمسة و نص لو قولنا سبعة من عشرة ضرب خمسة
+
+89
+00:10:23,970 --> 00:10:24,390
+و نص
+
+90
+00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:45,380
+This is the
+
+91
+00:10:45,380 --> 00:10:47,140
+vertical effect for the left and this is the
+
+92
+00:10:47,140 --> 00:10:49,820
+vertical effect for the right We will see if we
+
+93
+00:10:49,820 --> 00:10:52,420
+need to add them or subtract them to get the total
+
+94
+00:10:53,700 --> 00:10:56,420
+and the horizontal effect is the same case we will
+
+95
+00:10:56,420 --> 00:11:00,540
+see if we will combine them or divide them so we
+
+96
+00:11:00,540 --> 00:11:19,380
+need to understand this case first
+
+97
+00:11:19,380 --> 00:11:20,220
+thing we will see is
+
+98
+00:11:25,700 --> 00:11:26,940
+Horizontal effect
+
+99
+00:12:16,580 --> 00:12:19,720
+here I have a base out and here I have a base out
+
+100
+00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:27,180
+base out and here I also have a base out so the
+
+101
+00:12:27,180 --> 00:12:29,320
+picture of the left eye will point to the right
+
+102
+00:12:29,320 --> 00:12:32,580
+towards the apex of the prism in front of it and
+
+103
+00:12:32,580 --> 00:12:35,120
+the picture of the right eye will point to the
+
+104
+00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:39,010
+left so the picture of the right eyeit will go to
+
+105
+00:12:39,010 --> 00:12:41,990
+the left if we want to represent it with an arrow
+
+106
+00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:47,270
+the right eye will go like this and the left eye
+
+107
+00:12:47,270 --> 00:12:53,010
+will go like this we talked about a rule in
+
+108
+00:12:53,010 --> 00:12:56,310
+previous lessons if the apex is in the same
+
+109
+00:12:56,310 --> 00:12:59,890
+direction as the apex, we put it but here the apex
+
+110
+00:12:59,890 --> 00:13:02,330
+is going to the left and this apex is going to the
+
+111
+00:13:02,330 --> 00:13:06,750
+right so we put them together so the total
+
+112
+00:13:06,750 --> 00:13:07,950
+horizontal effect
+
+113
+00:13:15,210 --> 00:13:33,130
+total horizontal effect how much? 4.8% plus 72.75%
+
+114
+00:13:33,130 --> 00:13:40,470
+and
+
+115
+00:13:40,470 --> 00:13:40,690
+equals
+
+116
+00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:57,680
+Here 4.8 out of 10 plus 2.75 out of 100 is equal
+
+117
+00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:04,940
+to 7.55
+
+118
+00:14:04,940 --> 00:14:07,260
+out of 100 prism diopters
+
+119
+00:14:20,720 --> 00:14:24,500
+base out either in front of the right or the left,
+
+120
+00:14:24,540 --> 00:14:29,280
+there is no problem before we explain this, we
+
+121
+00:14:29,280 --> 00:14:31,780
+want to say as follows the picture of the left eye
+
+122
+00:14:31,780 --> 00:14:34,660
+will go to the right towards the apex of the prism
+
+123
+00:14:34,660 --> 00:14:38,740
+and the picture of the right eye will go to the
+
+124
+00:14:38,740 --> 00:14:42,780
+left towards the apex of the prism in front of the
+
+125
+00:14:42,780 --> 00:14:46,100
+right eye if the force of the prism increasesit
+
+126
+00:14:46,100 --> 00:14:49,220
+will go farther and farther and if this increases
+
+127
+00:14:49,220 --> 00:14:50,900
+the force of the prism, it will go farther and
+
+128
+00:14:50,900 --> 00:14:52,580
+farther, so we add, the distance between them
+
+129
+00:14:52,580 --> 00:14:55,560
+increases because the apex is opposite to the
+
+130
+00:14:55,560 --> 00:14:57,540
+apex, this one is going right and this one is
+
+131
+00:14:57,540 --> 00:15:03,240
+going left okay, now we gather and we get this
+
+132
+00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:06,300
+amount, please out in front of which eye? no, they
+
+133
+00:15:06,300 --> 00:15:08,480
+are in front of which eye, I can say in front of
+
+134
+00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,640
+the right eyein front of the right eye, it's like
+
+135
+00:15:11,640 --> 00:15:13,220
+I'm saying that the left eye has its picture in
+
+136
+00:15:13,220 --> 00:15:15,780
+front of it directly and all the distance that the
+
+137
+00:15:15,780 --> 00:15:18,440
+eye has relaxed or the distortion of the picture
+
+138
+00:15:18,440 --> 00:15:21,580
+of the right eye, I can say that it's like there
+
+139
+00:15:21,580 --> 00:15:23,840
+is no prism in front of the left eye and there is
+
+140
+00:15:23,840 --> 00:15:26,260
+seven and fifty-five percent of the prism in front
+
+141
+00:15:26,260 --> 00:15:29,000
+of the right eye or vice versa, I can say that the
+
+142
+00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:30,840
+right eye has its picture in front of it and the
+
+143
+00:15:30,840 --> 00:15:33,840
+left eye has its picture distortedto the right by
+
+144
+00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:39,180
+7.55% prism Ok, we're done here Does this affect?
+
+145
+00:15:39,360 --> 00:15:42,240
+No, a person can handle a horizontal effect more
+
+146
+00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:45,340
+than 10 and sometimes more than 15 and sometimes
+
+147
+00:15:45,340 --> 00:15:48,280
+more than 20 especially based out, which means
+
+148
+00:15:48,280 --> 00:15:51,040
+convergence this eye went to the right and this
+
+149
+00:15:51,040 --> 00:15:53,060
+eye went to the left which means it made a
+
+150
+00:15:53,060 --> 00:15:56,280
+convergence it can handle even reaching 20 or
+
+151
+00:15:56,280 --> 00:16:01,860
+more, this is called a prism can tolerateال
+
+152
+00:16:01,860 --> 00:16:08,420
+patient can tolerate يعني بيقدر يتحمل أو can be
+
+153
+00:16:08,420 --> 00:16:16,120
+tolerated هذه الكمية ممكن this
+
+154
+00:16:16,120 --> 00:16:19,320
+amount can be tolerated يعني ممكن يتحملها الإنسان
+
+155
+00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:24,040
+نيجي لل vertical effect ال total vertical effect
+
+156
+00:16:40,280 --> 00:16:48,200
+total vertical effect now we come here delete some
+
+157
+00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:52,680
+things to put in our drawing what we want
+
+158
+00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:29,240
+So I have here, based down in front of the right
+
+159
+00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:35,980
+eye and based up in front of the left eye Based up
+
+160
+00:17:35,980 --> 00:17:42,020
+in front of the left eye And
+
+161
+00:17:42,020 --> 00:17:50,900
+based down in front of the right eye So
+
+162
+00:17:50,900 --> 00:17:54,430
+the picture for the right eye came outbecause the
+
+163
+00:17:54,430 --> 00:17:56,790
+apex is up and the picture for the left eye is
+
+164
+00:17:56,790 --> 00:18:01,170
+down because the apex is down so we need to add
+
+165
+00:18:01,170 --> 00:18:03,450
+the total because this went up two degrees for
+
+166
+00:18:03,450 --> 00:18:05,710
+example the picture went up two degrees and this
+
+167
+00:18:05,710 --> 00:18:08,370
+picture itself went down two degrees so the total
+
+168
+00:18:08,370 --> 00:18:14,150
+effect will be total so
+
+169
+00:18:14,150 --> 00:18:20,090
+the total effect is four and two out of ten plus
+
+170
+00:18:21,790 --> 00:18:33,170
+تلاتة و خمسة و تمانين من المية و يساوي اربعة
+
+171
+00:18:33,170 --> 00:18:40,730
+و اتنين من عشرة زائد تلاتة و خمسة و تمانين من
+
+172
+00:18:40,730 --> 00:18:48,430
+المية و يساوي تمانية و خمسة من المية Prism تمانية
+
+173
+00:18:49,800 --> 00:18:55,540
+point 5 من 100 prism أقول
+
+174
+00:18:55,540 --> 00:19:02,200
+base up ولا base down ممكن أقول base up before
+
+175
+00:19:02,200 --> 00:19:12,540
+left eye قدام العين الشمال or نفس الرقم 5 و 8 من
+
+176
+00:19:12,540 --> 00:19:22,770
+100 prism or base downbefore right eye يعني بنقول
+
+177
+00:19:22,770 --> 00:19:27,490
+ممكن نعتبر أنه صورة العين الشمال أمام العين بالضبط
+
+178
+00:19:27,490 --> 00:19:31,890
+ما نزلتش، ما نزلتش وإنه كل الكمية هاي اللي خمسة و
+
+179
+00:19:31,890 --> 00:19:35,250
+تمانية و خمسة من مية صورة العين اليمين طلعت لفوق
+
+180
+00:19:35,250 --> 00:19:39,490
+أو العكس بقدر أقول صورة العين اليمين ثابتة قدامها
+
+181
+00:19:39,490 --> 00:19:44,570
+ما طلعتش وهادي صورتها نزلت بمقدار تمانية و خمسة من
+
+182
+00:19:44,570 --> 00:19:57,340
+مية طيب، الآنcan't be tolerated will
+
+183
+00:19:57,340 --> 00:20:01,260
+cause vertical diplopia
+
+184
+00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:08,620
+What does it mean will cause vertical diplopia? It
+
+185
+00:20:08,620 --> 00:20:11,480
+will cause him headaches. I mean when he wears
+
+186
+00:20:11,480 --> 00:20:15,080
+glasses, why? Because a person can bear up to
+
+187
+00:20:15,080 --> 00:20:19,100
+three maximum vertical effects. I mean from two to
+
+188
+00:20:19,100 --> 00:20:21,980
+three prisms, yes tolerated. But eight prisms will
+
+189
+00:20:21,980 --> 00:20:25,680
+cause him vertical diplopia. I mean he will see
+
+190
+00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:29,560
+two things, but above each other. Above each
+
+191
+00:20:29,560 --> 00:20:31,740
+other. Let's see an example.
+
+192
+00:20:47,360 --> 00:20:50,540
+انها ده مثال واضح، هاي ال vertical diplopia، لما
+
+193
+00:20:50,540 --> 00:20:54,960
+بتطلع الجلم، بيصير يشوفوا جلمين فوق بعض، فوق بعض،
+
+194
+00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:57,460
+هد هي ك horizontal، لأ مش هيصير عنده horizontal،
+
+195
+00:20:57,460 --> 00:21:01,020
+هيصير عنده vertical، هد النضارة لازم تتغير، هد
+
+196
+00:21:01,020 --> 00:21:04,420
+النضارة لا يمكن المريض،

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/8PuHUF_1w_g.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2636 @@
+
+1
+00:00:01,770 --> 00:00:04,810
+Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim، بنواصل مع محاضرات
+
+2
+00:00:04,810 --> 00:00:08,630
+الـ Geometric Optics ووصلنا عند الـ Optical
+
+3
+00:00:08,630 --> 00:00:13,050
+Aberration أو الزيغ البصري، الزيغ البصري والمقصود
+
+4
+00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:19,400
+فيه يعني ..The point is that when it goes through
+
+5
+00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:23,760
+the light through the optical system, does it make
+
+6
+00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:26,400
+it a stigmatic image, which means a perfect image,
+
+7
+00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:29,460
+or does it not make it a perfect image? If it
+
+8
+00:00:29,460 --> 00:00:31,920
+makes it a perfect image, it is called a stigmatic
+
+9
+00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,180
+image Of course, a stigmatic image means that
+
+10
+00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:38,200
+there is no aberration Any deviation or any
+
+11
+00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:41,960
+distance on the stigmatic imaging is called
+
+12
+00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:46,800
+aberrations in paraxial optics the focus is
+
+13
+00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:51,700
+essentially stigmatic if we summarize things on
+
+14
+00:00:51,700 --> 00:00:56,260
+the paraxial rays around the optical axis the
+
+15
+00:00:56,260 --> 00:01:00,400
+focus is often stigmatic as for the peripheral or
+
+16
+00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:04,580
+non-paraxial rays they do not necessarily focus
+
+17
+00:01:04,580 --> 00:01:10,900
+stigmatically Any deviation from stigmatic imaging
+
+18
+00:01:10,900 --> 00:01:12,420
+are called aberrations.
+
+19
+00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:21,000
+Aberrations are divided into monochromatic and
+
+20
+00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:28,010
+chromatic Some colours appear in a chromatic
+
+21
+00:01:28,010 --> 00:01:30,890
+aberration, chromatic aberration, a white light
+
+22
+00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:33,810
+entering the optical system, coming out, which
+
+23
+00:01:33,810 --> 00:01:37,830
+means it is related to the complex colours or
+
+24
+00:01:37,830 --> 00:01:43,110
+spectrum As for the other type of aberration or the
+
+25
+00:01:43,110 --> 00:01:45,770
+other group, it is called monochromatic, the white
+
+26
+00:01:45,770 --> 00:01:49,430
+light remains white, but the point source of light
+
+27
+00:01:49,430 --> 00:01:55,170
+of the object is not point but point spread
+
+28
+00:01:55,170 --> 00:01:59,050
+function in one way or another So aberrations are
+
+29
+00:01:59,050 --> 00:02:04,050
+divided into monochromatic and chromatic forms The
+
+30
+00:02:04,050 --> 00:02:08,410
+two most common monochromatic aberrations are
+
+31
+00:02:08,410 --> 00:02:13,150
+defocus and regular astigmatism لو أجينا نفسر عن
+
+32
+00:02:13,150 --> 00:02:16,930
+ال .. ال monochromatic aberration إيش تقسيماته، ال
+
+33
+00:02:16,930 --> 00:02:21,290
+monochromatic aberration تنقسم لdefocusand regular
+
+34
+00:02:21,290 --> 00:02:24,690
+astigmatism, which means the defocus is the
+
+35
+00:02:24,690 --> 00:02:27,790
+monochromatic aberrations that show that I don't
+
+36
+00:02:27,790 --> 00:02:31,410
+have a good focus for example, myopia and another
+
+37
+00:02:31,410 --> 00:02:35,570
+example, hypermetropia or myopic and hypermetropic
+
+38
+00:02:35,570 --> 00:02:40,170
+spherical refractive error the regular astigmatism
+
+39
+00:02:40,170 --> 00:02:43,170
+which we will talk about shortly by God's will
+
+40
+00:02:43,950 --> 00:02:48,290
+Let's see the structure of aberrations Our goal of
+
+41
+00:02:48,290 --> 00:02:52,650
+aberrations is any deviation from the stigmatic
+
+42
+00:02:52,650 --> 00:02:55,030
+imaging The aberrations are divided into
+
+43
+00:02:55,030 --> 00:02:58,650
+monochromatic and chromatic Chromatic means that
+
+44
+00:02:58,650 --> 00:03:00,830
+the white light that entered the optical system
+
+45
+00:03:00,830 --> 00:03:04,810
+became non-white after leaving the optical system
+
+46
+00:03:04,810 --> 00:03:11,210
+and was analyzed to its typical configuration not
+
+47
+00:03:11,210 --> 00:03:13,770
+our topic for chromatic aberration as much as our
+
+48
+00:03:13,770 --> 00:03:17,150
+topic which is monochromatic aberration which is
+
+49
+00:03:17,150 --> 00:03:20,810
+deviation from stigmatic imaging only for one
+
+50
+00:03:20,810 --> 00:03:24,030
+reason or another the divisions of monochromatic
+
+51
+00:03:24,030 --> 00:03:28,510
+aberration are defocus and regular astigmatism the
+
+52
+00:03:28,510 --> 00:03:33,770
+defocus is divided into myopia and hypermetropia
+
+53
+00:03:33,770 --> 00:03:38,010
+myopia and hypermetropia monochromatic
+
+54
+00:03:40,050 --> 00:03:42,750
+aberration also has another type other than
+
+55
+00:03:42,750 --> 00:03:46,030
+defocus which is regular astigmatism. In myopia,
+
+56
+00:03:46,210 --> 00:03:48,870
+of course, the defocus is in front of the retina.
+
+57
+00:03:49,550 --> 00:03:53,830
+In hypermetropia, the defocus is behind the
+
+58
+00:03:53,830 --> 00:03:56,890
+retina. In both cases, there is no focus on the
+
+59
+00:03:56,890 --> 00:04:01,090
+retina or there is no focus on the rays that
+
+60
+00:04:01,090 --> 00:04:03,290
+entered the optical system, which is the eye,
+
+61
+00:04:03,650 --> 00:04:06,630
+cornea and crystalline lens. There is no focus or
+
+62
+00:04:06,630 --> 00:04:08,970
+their focus is either in front of the retina or
+
+63
+00:04:08,970 --> 00:04:12,350
+behind the retina We're going to talk about the
+
+64
+00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:18,770
+regular astigmatism in more detail But we want to
+
+65
+00:04:18,770 --> 00:04:22,970
+do some things that lead to this case. So this is
+
+66
+00:04:22,970 --> 00:04:26,470
+the simplified distribution of aberrations. Why
+
+67
+00:04:26,470 --> 00:04:29,870
+chromatic and monochromatic? The monochromatic is
+
+68
+00:04:29,870 --> 00:04:33,270
+divided into defocus and regular astigmatism. And
+
+69
+00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:35,710
+defocus is divided into myopia and hypermetropia.
+
+70
+00:04:35,790 --> 00:04:38,210
+And these are simple refractive errors that can be
+
+71
+00:04:38,210 --> 00:04:42,190
+treated simply with glasses or any other means,
+
+72
+00:04:42,750 --> 00:04:45,850
+such as adhesive lenses or similar. Regular
+
+73
+00:04:45,850 --> 00:04:50,930
+astigmatism can also be treated with glasses or
+
+74
+00:04:50,930 --> 00:04:57,750
+other tools such as laser vision correction. Now
+
+75
+00:04:57,750 --> 00:05:02,010
+we will talk about some things that are used in
+
+76
+00:05:02,010 --> 00:05:04,990
+measuring aberration. The clinical application of
+
+77
+00:05:04,990 --> 00:05:09,370
+wavefront aberometry makes it possible to measure
+
+78
+00:05:09,370 --> 00:05:11,250
+higher order aberrations.
+
+79
+00:05:14,500 --> 00:05:18,440
+في ما يسمى high order aberrations high order
+
+80
+00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:23,060
+aberrations اللي هي الزيغ المعقد الزيغ المعقد أو
+
+81
+00:05:23,060 --> 00:05:26,800
+الغير منتظم أو اللي أكثر تعقيدا من الأشياء اللي
+
+82
+00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:30,400
+ذكرناها من الmiopia و الhypermetropia و ال regular
+
+83
+00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:34,700
+astigmatism في عندي high order aberration بجيسها
+
+84
+00:05:37,430 --> 00:05:42,770
+The clinical application of wavefront aberrometry
+
+85
+00:05:42,770 --> 00:05:47,250
+makes it possible to measure high order or higher
+
+86
+00:05:47,250 --> 00:05:48,530
+order aberration
+
+87
+00:05:57,870 --> 00:06:02,450
+كل موجة تسمى الجبهة الموجية wave front wave front
+
+88
+00:06:02,450 --> 00:06:05,910
+يعني هذه جبهة موجية، هذه جبهة موجية، هذه جبهة
+
+89
+00:06:05,910 --> 00:06:10,350
+موجية، هذه الجبهة الموجية، بس تدخل في optical
+
+90
+00:06:10,350 --> 00:06:14,860
+system، الموجات حسب منطقة الدخولة من ال optical
+
+91
+00:06:14,860 --> 00:06:19,340
+system ممكن ما تكونش يعني موجات الضوء ما .. ما
+
+92
+00:06:19,340 --> 00:06:23,220
+تصبعش مع بعض، يصير في تعريج فيها، يصير في تعريج
+
+93
+00:06:23,220 --> 00:06:27,420
+فيها، بسموها يعني صار في عندي تعريج في ال wave,
+
+94
+00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:31,600
+front بتاعة ال light waves, high one light wave
+
+95
+00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:34,960
+This is the second, this is the third, they walk
+
+96
+00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:37,780
+together because they started from the object at
+
+97
+00:06:37,780 --> 00:06:40,400
+the same moment. But when they enter the optical
+
+98
+00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:43,160
+system, they enter, for example, the crystalline
+
+99
+00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:45,760
+lens of the human eye, the edges of the
+
+100
+00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:48,740
+crystalline lens are less thick, the middle of the
+
+101
+00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:51,960
+crystalline lens is thicker, so the light that
+
+102
+00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:54,600
+entered or the light waves that entered from the
+
+103
+00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:58,200
+middle of the lens crystalline lens will get worse
+
+104
+00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:00,580
+because it will move in the middle of high
+
+105
+00:07:00,580 --> 00:07:05,560
+density, high refractive index so the waves will
+
+106
+00:07:05,560 --> 00:07:09,200
+move together, but after passing through the
+
+107
+00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:12,740
+optical system, they will not move together which
+
+108
+00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:17,680
+is their face or wave front, their wave front
+
+109
+00:07:17,680 --> 00:07:21,460
+there is a device that measures the wave front they
+
+110
+00:07:21,460 --> 00:07:25,180
+do analysis and see the aberration that can occur
+
+111
+00:07:25,180 --> 00:07:29,280
+because of this optical system so wavefront
+
+112
+00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:32,540
+aperometry makes it possible to measure higher
+
+113
+00:07:32,540 --> 00:07:36,180
+order aberration in the past, there were many
+
+114
+00:07:36,180 --> 00:07:40,290
+types of higher order aberration A lot, a lot, we
+
+115
+00:07:40,290 --> 00:07:42,830
+.. we know what is the lower order aberration,
+
+116
+00:07:43,050 --> 00:07:45,750
+they call it a simple lower order aberration, we
+
+117
+00:07:45,750 --> 00:07:47,870
+know myopia and hypermetropia and regular
+
+118
+00:07:47,870 --> 00:07:51,570
+astigmatism, which is regular astigmatism, while
+
+119
+00:07:51,570 --> 00:07:55,210
+the higher order aberrations are very many types,
+
+120
+00:07:55,710 --> 00:07:58,970
+in the past they included them in one term, which
+
+121
+00:07:58,970 --> 00:08:01,770
+is a term, they call it a categorical term, and
+
+122
+00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:06,530
+it's like a categorization in every ..hubba-wubba
+
+123
+00:08:06,530 --> 00:08:10,010
+of all kinds of science and knowledge, so the term
+
+124
+00:08:10,010 --> 00:08:11,990
+they used to describe it was called irregular
+
+125
+00:08:11,990 --> 00:08:15,210
+astigmatism Now they stopped using irregular
+
+126
+00:08:15,210 --> 00:08:18,710
+astigmatism, why? Because they invented the
+
+127
+00:08:18,710 --> 00:08:22,570
+apirometry devices that measure the wave front and
+
+128
+00:08:22,570 --> 00:08:26,250
+do analysis, analysis, and deduce from it the
+
+129
+00:08:26,250 --> 00:08:29,230
+types of aberrations that the optical system can
+
+130
+00:08:29,230 --> 00:08:34,670
+do to it One of the most famous types in high order
+
+131
+00:08:34,670 --> 00:08:39,870
+aberration is called coma, spherical aberration,
+
+132
+00:08:40,430 --> 00:08:43,190
+and trefoil Of course there are other types like
+
+133
+00:08:43,190 --> 00:08:47,750
+tetrafoil, pentafoil, and many others But we
+
+134
+00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:53,170
+should focus on the higher order aberration, coma,
+
+135
+00:08:53,850 --> 00:08:57,690
+spherical aberration, and trefoil What do we mean
+
+136
+00:08:57,690 --> 00:09:00,850
+by coma? What do we mean by spherical aberration?
+
+137
+00:09:01,210 --> 00:09:04,670
+And what do we mean by trefoil? Before we say what
+
+138
+00:09:04,670 --> 00:09:07,390
+we mean, we also make sure that the light emits
+
+139
+00:09:07,390 --> 00:09:13,790
+electromagnetic waves. And these waves emitted
+
+140
+00:09:13,790 --> 00:09:17,890
+together form a wave front. Wave front is the
+
+141
+00:09:17,890 --> 00:09:21,330
+precursor of light waves. It is called wave front
+
+142
+00:09:21,330 --> 00:09:25,170
+analysis. It enters the lens. After exiting the
+
+143
+00:09:25,170 --> 00:09:29,720
+lens, مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+144
+00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:29,860
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+145
+00:09:29,860 --> 00:09:30,840
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+146
+00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:32,180
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+147
+00:09:32,180 --> 00:09:33,900
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+148
+00:09:33,900 --> 00:09:39,960
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+149
+00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:43,860
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+150
+00:09:43,860 --> 00:09:50,220
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+151
+00:09:50,220 --> 00:09:51,520
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+152
+00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:54,900
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+153
+00:09:54,900 --> 00:09:57,480
+مستواها Comma means the magnified, from the word
+
+154
+00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:00,440
+comet, the magnified, so it becomes the shape of
+
+155
+00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:04,400
+the light spot, it becomes like this in the
+
+156
+00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:07,040
+picture, so this is called comma aberration Is
+
+157
+00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:11,060
+this the nature of the point from which the light
+
+158
+00:10:11,060 --> 00:10:12,340
+is emitted? Of course not, this is the nature of
+
+159
+00:10:12,340 --> 00:10:15,020
+the point from which the light is emitted, so this
+
+160
+00:10:15,020 --> 00:10:19,300
+issue is very important to be clear The second
+
+161
+00:10:19,300 --> 00:10:24,360
+type is the spherical aberration It is a spherical
+
+162
+00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:27,620
+wave of the minimum light in the intensity of the
+
+163
+00:10:27,620 --> 00:10:30,840
+light around the point image Here there is no
+
+164
+00:10:30,840 --> 00:10:34,160
+aberration, the point image is a point, okay? Or
+
+165
+00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:37,000
+the point, the object is not drawn, here are four
+
+166
+00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:40,660
+images for points without aberration Here are four
+
+167
+00:10:40,660 --> 00:10:43,280
+images for the same points with the presence of
+
+168
+00:10:43,280 --> 00:10:45,340
+the spherical aberration, it is clear that the
+
+169
+00:10:45,340 --> 00:10:48,600
+image is fixed and has become around the point
+
+170
+00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:52,480
+image in it means a wave of white light, this is
+
+171
+00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:54,900
+called spherical aberration, and this is also
+
+172
+00:10:54,900 --> 00:10:58,360
+different from the stigmatic imaging Now let's
+
+173
+00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:07,740
+talk about the trefoil, the point becomes like a
+
+174
+00:11:07,740 --> 00:11:14,010
+point spread function of triangles كأنها يعني وهج
+
+175
+00:11:14,010 --> 00:11:19,570
+ثلاثي الشعب، فبيسموها Trefoil، بيسموها Trefoil،
+
+176
+00:11:19,570 --> 00:11:23,890
+هنا نفس الاشي دهرة، و هنا دهرة بس حجمها أسرع، هنا
+
+177
+00:11:23,890 --> 00:11:27,810
+لما بيكون عندي أنا مافيش aberration بالمرة، لا low
+
+178
+00:11:27,810 --> 00:11:31,010
+order aberration، لا myopia، هي minus نص myopia،
+
+179
+00:11:31,010 --> 00:11:34,570
+minus واحد myopia، هنا plus واحد .. plus نص
+
+180
+00:11:34,570 --> 00:11:37,750
+hypermetropia و plus واحد hypermetropia، الصورة،
+
+181
+00:11:37,750 --> 00:11:41,690
+النقطة هي صورتها means we are able to see it
+
+182
+00:11:41,690 --> 00:11:44,090
+because the point is something consistent in the
+
+183
+00:11:44,090 --> 00:11:47,410
+character, in the character Okay, this point, if a
+
+184
+00:11:47,410 --> 00:11:49,990
+person doesn't have low order aberration, doesn't
+
+185
+00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:53,410
+have myopia, doesn't have hypermetropia, doesn't
+
+186
+00:11:53,410 --> 00:11:57,790
+have this problem, but has high order aberration,
+
+187
+00:11:57,890 --> 00:12:01,110
+has a lump, it will look like this Let's go to a
+
+188
+00:12:01,110 --> 00:12:05,690
+big picture to make the picture clearer ما عنده لا
+
+189
+00:12:05,690 --> 00:12:08,630
+myopia، يعني الصورة بتيجي على ال retina، بس بتيجيش
+
+190
+00:12:08,630 --> 00:12:11,710
+على ال retina بشكل نقطة، بيصير ال focusing على ال
+
+191
+00:12:11,710 --> 00:12:17,250
+retina بشكل كومة أو بشكل ال trefoil So therefore,
+
+192
+00:12:17,750 --> 00:12:20,690
+it is necessary to know that even if a person does
+
+193
+00:12:20,690 --> 00:12:24,270
+not have low order aberration, sometimes laser
+
+194
+00:12:24,270 --> 00:12:27,350
+vision correction, some operations are aimed to
+
+195
+
+223
+00:14:22,780 --> 00:14:24,920
+to take a bigger part of the equation or I will
+
+224
+00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:27,200
+have to take a bigger part of the equation and
+
+225
+00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:30,440
+maybe the patient will be in danger, so I fix the
+
+226
+00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:33,540
+most important types which are higher order
+
+227
+00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:35,260
+aberration, which is the comma, and spherical
+
+228
+00:14:35,260 --> 00:14:38,720
+aberration, and literary foil, of course if they
+
+229
+00:14:38,720 --> 00:14:42,740
+reach a certain degree of the annoying amount to
+
+230
+00:14:42,740 --> 00:14:50,000
+the patient نحكي عن regular astigmatism, regular
+
+231
+00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:53,040
+astigmatism, unlike the spherical lens service,
+
+232
+00:14:53,220 --> 00:14:56,260
+the astigmatic lens service does not have the same
+
+233
+00:14:56,260 --> 00:14:59,980
+curvature and refracting power in all meridians,
+
+234
+00:15:00,180 --> 00:15:04,820
+in all meridians يعني ال astigmatic lens أو ال
+
+235
+00:15:04,820 --> 00:15:09,460
+sphero cylindrical lens التحدوبها بتغير من
+
+236
+00:15:09,460 --> 00:15:12,760
+meridian ل meridian زي ما هنشوف بعد شوية يعني هنا
+
+237
+00:15:13,660 --> 00:15:17,820
+لو طلعنا على رسمة مكبرة، هاي عندي اللي باللون
+
+238
+00:15:17,820 --> 00:15:22,760
+الأصفر مرسومة، هي عبارة عن astigmatic lens،
+
+239
+00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:27,540
+astigmatic lens أو spherical lens وعندي أنا طبعا
+
+240
+00:15:27,540 --> 00:15:32,090
+فيها meridians كتيرة، الأبيض، اللي بعده The white
+
+241
+00:15:32,090 --> 00:15:34,510
+one is at 90 degrees and the blue one is at 180
+
+242
+00:15:34,510 --> 00:15:36,470
+degrees. And between them all the meridians, all
+
+243
+00:15:36,470 --> 00:15:39,070
+the places where the light will enter, is a full
+
+244
+00:15:39,070 --> 00:15:42,610
+lens. But it doesn't mean that I drew two
+
+245
+00:15:42,610 --> 00:15:44,130
+meridians, which means that the light will only
+
+246
+00:15:44,130 --> 00:15:46,630
+enter from these two meridians. It will enter from
+
+247
+00:15:46,630 --> 00:15:48,950
+this meridian, and this one, and this one, and
+
+248
+00:15:48,950 --> 00:15:53,510
+everything. Of course, in regular astigmatism, the
+
+249
+00:15:53,510 --> 00:15:58,150
+lens that has regular astigmatism means that this
+
+250
+00:15:58,150 --> 00:16:03,290
+meridianوال meridian هذا و ال meridians اللي بينهم
+
+251
+00:16:03,290 --> 00:16:05,090
+مختلفين في القوة و ال meridian ��ذا و ال meridians
+
+252
+00:16:05,090 --> 00:16:05,450
+اللي بينهم مختلفين في القوة و ال meridian هذا و ال
+
+253
+00:16:05,450 --> 00:16:06,670
+meridians اللي بينهم مختلفين في القوة بس ليش سمناه
+
+254
+00:16:06,670 --> 00:16:08,130
+regular astigmatism بس ليش سمناه regular
+
+255
+00:16:08,130 --> 00:16:12,350
+astigmatism لأنه هذا ال meridian له قوة معينة اللي
+
+256
+00:16:12,350 --> 00:16:19,110
+بعده أقل منه أقل أقل أقل أقل أقل أقل في تدرج منتظم
+
+257
+00:16:19,110 --> 00:16:23,240
+عشان هيك بيسموه regular astigmatismبمعنى آخر، لو
+
+258
+00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:26,620
+فرضت إنه هذا ال meridian قوته، هذا ال meridian
+
+259
+00:16:26,620 --> 00:16:31,180
+قوته مثلا أربعين ديوبتر، هذا اللي بعده تسعة و
+
+260
+00:16:31,180 --> 00:16:35,020
+تلاتين، اللي بعده تمانية و تلاتين، اللي بعده سبعة
+
+261
+00:16:35,020 --> 00:16:38,620
+و تلاتين، ستة و تلاتين، خمسة و تلاتين، إذا في تدرج
+
+262
+00:16:38,620 --> 00:16:45,350
+و في فرق منتظرمش مثلا بلاقي قوته اربعين ديوبتر،
+
+263
+00:16:45,350 --> 00:16:49,090
+بعدين تسعة و تلاتين، بعدين ستة و تلاتين، بعدين
+
+264
+00:16:49,090 --> 00:16:52,950
+تمانية و تلاتين، بشكل عشوائي، لأ، بتدرج من الأعلى
+
+265
+00:16:52,950 --> 00:16:57,930
+للأدنى أو من الأدنى للأعلى، يعني ممكن يكون هذا
+
+266
+00:16:57,930 --> 00:17:02,240
+الأدنى و هذا الأعلى، بس التدرج دائما منتظر And of
+
+267
+00:17:02,240 --> 00:17:05,440
+course this is a point, the second point, the
+
+268
+00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:08,760
+strongest meridian and the weakest meridian are 90
+
+269
+00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:11,380
+degrees between them So this is the regular
+
+270
+00:17:11,380 --> 00:17:15,300
+astigmatism So unlike the spherical lens service,
+
+271
+00:17:15,820 --> 00:17:19,760
+the astigmatic lens service does not have the same
+
+272
+00:17:19,760 --> 00:17:20,320
+curvature
+
+273
+00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:46,260
+The curvature of
+
+274
+00:17:46,260 --> 00:17:51,860
+an astigmatic lens variesthe astigmatic lens
+
+275
+00:17:51,860 --> 00:17:55,900
+diverges from a minimum value to a maximum value
+
+276
+00:17:55,900 --> 00:17:59,580
+with the extreme values, the extreme values of the
+
+277
+00:17:59,580 --> 00:18:02,880
+edges, meaning the minimum meridian force and the
+
+278
+00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:08,880
+maximum meridian force located in meridians 90
+
+279
+00:18:08,880 --> 00:18:14,300
+degrees apart. Thus, the refracting power varies
+
+280
+00:18:14,300 --> 00:18:18,090
+from one meridian to the nextand an astigmatic
+
+281
+00:18:18,090 --> 00:18:22,650
+service does not have single point of focus بمعنى
+
+282
+00:18:22,650 --> 00:18:27,930
+آخر طالما .. هاي عندي مثلاastigmatic lens, of
+
+283
+00:18:27,930 --> 00:18:30,450
+course here there's meridian and then there's
+
+284
+00:18:30,450 --> 00:18:34,050
+meridian, meridian at 90, meridian at 95, meridian
+
+285
+00:18:34,050 --> 00:18:37,010
+at 100, meridian at 105, of course, and what's
+
+286
+00:18:37,010 --> 00:18:40,070
+between them at 91 and 92, of course, all of this
+
+287
+00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:44,270
+are meridians, but here we are briefly showing the
+
+288
+00:18:44,270 --> 00:18:47,520
+picture, the meridian which is at 90The meridian
+
+289
+00:18:47,520 --> 00:18:51,760
+is drawn in red on 180 degrees The light will
+
+290
+00:18:51,760 --> 00:18:55,720
+start from the point source of light in all
+
+291
+00:18:55,720 --> 00:18:59,940
+directions A light beam will enter the vertical
+
+292
+00:18:59,940 --> 00:19:03,360
+meridian A light beam will enter the horizontal
+
+293
+00:19:03,360 --> 00:19:06,780
+meridian A third light beam will enter the oblique
+
+294
+00:19:06,780 --> 00:19:09,300
+meridian A fourth light beam will enter the second
+
+295
+00:19:09,300 --> 00:19:12,700
+oblique meridian and so on Each meridian will take
+
+296
+00:19:12,700 --> 00:19:18,670
+a share of the lightبما أنه قوة ال meridians
+
+297
+00:19:18,670 --> 00:19:22,990
+مختلفة عن بعضها البعض، إذا ال focus بتاعتها
+
+298
+00:19:22,990 --> 00:19:29,570
+هيختلف، ال meridian الأضعف، ال meridian الأضعفال
+
+299
+00:19:29,570 --> 00:19:33,470
+focus بتاعه هيكون بعيد لإنه بده مسافة عشان يتجمع و
+
+300
+00:19:33,470 --> 00:19:37,270
+ال meridian الأقوى هيقدر يجمع الأشعة بتاعته في
+
+301
+00:19:37,270 --> 00:19:42,830
+مسافة أقرى يعني لما بنقول ال meridian أبومية اللي
+
+302
+00:19:42,830 --> 00:19:45,670
+.. اللي .. اللي هو على ال .. ال meridian الأزرق
+
+303
+00:19:45,670 --> 00:19:48,530
+اللي مرسوم باللون الأزرق هنا عندى لو قولنا قوته
+
+304
+00:19:48,530 --> 00:19:53,560
+أربعين ديوبترAnd the red meridian has 44 diopters,
+
+305
+00:19:53,580 --> 00:19:56,820
+so the red meridian, which is horizontal, which is
+
+306
+00:19:56,820 --> 00:20:01,700
+180 degrees, is 4 diopters stronger than the blue
+
+307
+00:20:01,700 --> 00:20:07,100
+meridian. Of course, the red meridian above is
+
+308
+00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:11,270
+closer.The focus is closer and the meridian is
+
+309
+00:20:11,270 --> 00:20:14,050
+blue because it is weaker because the focus is
+
+310
+00:20:14,050 --> 00:20:18,410
+farther Okay, the meridians between them will be
+
+311
+00:20:18,410 --> 00:20:22,470
+their foci, a group of focus called foci, will be
+
+312
+00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:26,460
+betweenالمنطقتين هدولة اللي هي المنطقة الحمراء
+
+313
+00:20:26,460 --> 00:20:30,920
+والمنطقة الزرقاء لإنه طبعا أضعف meridian و أقوى
+
+314
+00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,740
+meridian بينهم تسعين درجة، إذا هدولة ال meridians
+
+315
+00:20:33,740 --> 00:20:38,180
+اللي مش مرسومة بتكون أقوى من الأضعف، أقوى من
+
+316
+00:20:38,180 --> 00:20:40,800
+الأضعف، لو قولنا هنا أربع و أربعين و هنا أربعين،
+
+317
+00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:44,830
+إذا هذا بتكون واحد و أربعينForty-two, forty-three,
+
+318
+00:20:45,150 --> 00:20:47,150
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+319
+00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:47,290
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+320
+00:20:47,290 --> 00:20:47,890
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+321
+00:20:48,130 --> 00:20:52,290
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+322
+00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:54,490
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+323
+00:20:54,490 --> 00:20:55,010
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+324
+00:20:55,010 --> 00:20:55,890
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+325
+00:20:55,890 --> 00:20:55,910
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+326
+00:20:55,910 --> 00:20:59,270
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+327
+00:20:59,270 --> 00:21:04,380
+forty-four, forty-How do we know that the blue
+
+328
+00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:07,020
+meridian is the weakest? Because its focus is
+
+329
+00:21:07,020 --> 00:21:09,180
+coming to the back, its focus is coming to the
+
+330
+00:21:09,180 --> 00:21:12,100
+back Now if we ask ourselves a question, of course
+
+331
+00:21:12,100 --> 00:21:15,680
+here the picture is clear I shortened it to
+
+332
+00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:18,680
+meridian 1 which is the horizontal meridian and
+
+333
+00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:21,420
+shortened it to a single ray of light from the
+
+334
+00:21:21,420 --> 00:21:25,940
+point The point will send millions of light rays
+
+335
+00:21:25,940 --> 00:21:29,520
+in all directions Some of the light rays will
+
+336
+00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:36,140
+enterin the horizontal meridian and some rays will
+
+337
+00:21:36,140 --> 00:21:42,760
+enter the vertical meridian I will delete now
+
+338
+00:21:42,760 --> 00:21:50,240
+what
+
+339
+00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:53,040
+entered in the horizontal meridian which is the
+
+340
+00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:57,440
+meridian that I drew in blue and I will replace it
+
+341
+00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:02,950
+withThe belt that started from the same point and
+
+342
+00:22:02,950 --> 00:22:07,470
+which will enter in
+
+343
+00:22:07,470 --> 00:22:10,750
+the
+
+344
+00:22:10,750 --> 00:22:16,670
+vertical meridian in the vertical meridian coming
+
+345
+00:22:16,670 --> 00:22:19,870
+from the same point, this is another belt
+
+346
+00:22:27,970 --> 00:22:31,870
+لتدخل في العدسة بس من خلال ال meridian العمودي
+
+347
+00:22:31,870 --> 00:22:37,910
+يعني في حزمة نصيبة هتدخل في ال meridian الأفقي، في
+
+348
+00:22:37,910 --> 00:22:44,300
+حزمة هتدخل في ال meridian العمودي، في حزمة ضوئيةIt
+
+349
+00:22:44,300 --> 00:22:47,200
+will enter in the oblique meridian, there is a
+
+350
+00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:49,260
+light band that will enter in the second oblique
+
+351
+00:22:49,260 --> 00:22:52,480
+meridian and so on, that is, each meridian will
+
+352
+00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:58,840
+reach a part and a part of the
+
+353
+00:22:58,840 --> 00:23:02,340
+light band starting from the same point, starting
+
+354
+00:23:02,340 --> 00:23:04,160
+from the same point and so on
+
+355
+00:23:09,650 --> 00:23:13,050
+It will break these rays and change its direction
+
+356
+00:23:13,050 --> 00:23:14,790
+according to its force. According to its force.
+
+357
+00:23:15,650 --> 00:23:20,010
+What simplifies the matter is that we must look at
+
+358
+00:23:20,010 --> 00:23:22,870
+each meridian as if it is a fixed lens in itself.
+
+359
+00:23:22,990 --> 00:23:24,950
+Why? Because its force differs from the force of
+
+360
+00:23:24,950 --> 00:23:28,530
+the other meridian. It is as if this light band,
+
+361
+00:23:28,710 --> 00:23:32,650
+for example, enters a lens with a force of, for
+
+362
+00:23:32,650 --> 00:23:38,700
+example, 40 diopters.شوف المنظر كيف صار عندى هنا،
+
+363
+00:23:38,700 --> 00:23:42,120
+هذه الحزمة دخلت في ال vertical meridian، نفرض قوت
+
+364
+00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:46,300
+ال vertical meridian خمسة و أربعين ديوبطة، خمسة و
+
+365
+00:23:46,300 --> 00:23:51,940
+أربعين ديوبطة، فبالتالي كأنه هذه الحزمة اللى
+
+366
+00:23:51,940 --> 00:23:56,400
+مرسومة باللون الأبيض، يعني دخلت من خلال عدسة قوتها
+
+367
+00:23:56,400 --> 00:23:59,870
+خمسة و أربعين ديوبطةطب الحزمة الأولى اللى رسمناها
+
+368
+00:23:59,870 --> 00:24:02,850
+كنا رسمينها أشعة حمرا ودخلت في ال horizontal
+
+369
+00:24:02,850 --> 00:24:06,490
+meridian ال horizontal meridian مثلا قوته تسعة و
+
+370
+00:24:06,490 --> 00:24:10,150
+تلاتين ديوبتر إذا كأنها دخلت في عدسة قوتها تسعة و
+
+371
+00:24:10,150 --> 00:24:14,510
+تلاتين ديوبتر حزمة تالتة دخلت في meridian oblique
+
+372
+00:24:14,510 --> 00:24:18,450
+قوته تلاتة و أربعين ديوبتر إذا كأنها دخلة لحالة في
+
+373
+00:24:18,450 --> 00:24:23,370
+عدسة فبتعامل مع كل meridian على حدها الآن لو حكينا
+
+374
+00:24:23,370 --> 00:24:31,050
+أو يعني سألنا نفسنا سؤاليا ترى كيف رحلة الدوق بعد
+
+375
+00:24:31,050 --> 00:24:37,450
+العدسة؟ الدوق انطلق من نقطة واحدة، يعني مصدر الدوق
+
+376
+00:24:37,450 --> 00:24:42,480
+وام الدوق نقطة واحدةدخل في عدسة، بس هذه العدسة إلا
+
+377
+00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:46,860
+خصوصية، ليست sphere، ليست sphere، لا بقدر أقول
+
+378
+00:24:46,860 --> 00:24:51,400
+عنها plus sphere ولا minus sphere، إنما هذه عدسة
+
+379
+00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:56,060
+متعددة الانحناقات، يعني ال vertical meridian فيها
+
+380
+00:24:56,060 --> 00:25:00,080
+منحني، اللي بعده منحني أقل منه، اللي بعده منحني
+
+381
+00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:04,480
+أقل منه، أقل منه، أقل منه، أو هو منحني اللي بعده
+
+382
+00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:08,220
+أكتر منه، اللي بعده أكتر منه، أكتر منهوفي انحناء
+
+383
+00:25:08,220 --> 00:25:13,700
+منتظم بيزيد أو بيقل بس ال meridians مالهاش نفس
+
+384
+00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:21,920
+الانحناء ده لو حكينا كالقاعدة أول سؤال ما هو مصير
+
+385
+00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:28,860
+الضوء اللي دخل في مناطق من العدسة مختلفة القوةوين
+
+386
+00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:34,180
+هيعملي focus، إيش شكل ال image، إيش ال .. ال ..
+
+387
+00:25:34,180 --> 00:25:38,130
+الرحلة الفرارية بتاعة الضوء بعد العدسةIt is known
+
+388
+00:25:38,130 --> 00:25:40,530
+that if this is a sphere, if this is a sphere,
+
+389
+00:25:41,010 --> 00:25:43,510
+where does the light enter? Whether it enters from
+
+390
+00:25:43,510 --> 00:25:45,910
+the vertical meridian, or the horizontal meridian,
+
+391
+00:25:46,050 --> 00:25:48,990
+or the oblique meridian, it will enter from areas
+
+392
+00:25:48,990 --> 00:25:51,750
+of equal strength, and therefore it will gather
+
+393
+00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:55,590
+all in one point, and this point is received on a
+
+394
+00:25:55,590 --> 00:25:58,530
+screen or on a receipt paper, and I say I received
+
+395
+00:25:58,530 --> 00:26:00,910
+the image, and this is the focus of the image.
+
+396
+00:26:01,370 --> 00:26:09,530
+Okay, if I have a lens, I can consider itمزام يعني
+
+397
+00:26:09,530 --> 00:26:14,510
+مجازا بقدر اعتبره كأنها عدسات متعددة في عدسة واحدة
+
+398
+00:26:14,870 --> 00:26:17,110
+One is weak, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+399
+00:26:17,110 --> 00:26:23,230
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+400
+00:26:23,230 --> 00:26:24,410
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+401
+00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:26,230
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+402
+00:26:26,230 --> 00:26:26,530
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+403
+00:26:26,530 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+404
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,650
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+405
+00:26:26,650 --> 00:26:2
+
+445
+00:29:11,530 --> 00:29:17,390
+هو الشكل الفراغي للصورة اللتي تصنعها ال astigmatic 
+
+446
+00:29:17,390 --> 00:29:21,670
+lens الشكل الفراغي للصورة اللي بتصنعها ال
+
+447
+00:29:21,670 --> 00:29:25,650
+astigmatic lens الآن نيجي نقول .. بس نعرف إيش ال
+
+448
+00:29:25,650 --> 00:29:33,070
+conoid of stern conoid of 
+
+449
+00:29:33,070 --> 00:29:33,770
+stern
+
+450
+00:29:40,460 --> 00:29:46,500
+عرفه باللغة العربية عشان الامر أسهل الشكل الفراغي 
+
+451
+00:29:46,500 --> 00:29:51,700
+للصورة
+
+452
+00:29:51,700 --> 00:29:56,540
+التي تصنعها
+
+453
+00:29:56,540 --> 00:30:01,140
+العدسة
+
+454
+00:30:01,140 --> 00:30:09,100
+that الastigmatism المنتظر اللي هو الastigmatism 
+
+455
+00:30:15,410 --> 00:30:19,110
+لو جينا نعرفه بالانجليزي اللي هو ال three 
+
+456
+00:30:19,110 --> 00:30:28,370
+-dimensional image
+
+457
+00:30:28,370 --> 00:30:32,250
+of the astigmatic lens
+
+458
+00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:40,390
+وهنا لازم احنا نقول او نتوقف قليلا عشان نفهم 
+
+459
+00:30:40,390 --> 00:30:44,030
+بالضبط اشي المقصود ب three dimensional image of
+
+460
+00:30:44,030 --> 00:30:59,010
+the astigmatic lens لو احنا خرجنا ليه رؤية Okay
+
+461
+00:30:59,010 --> 00:31:01,610
+guys here's our basic lab setup for this week We 
+
+462
+00:31:01,610 --> 00:31:04,870
+have our optical bench with our elements on it We 
+
+463
+00:31:04,870 --> 00:31:07,370
+have a light box over here to the left. 
+
+464
+00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:30,600
+cylindrical lens or sphero cylindrical lens, I can
+
+465
+00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:34,840
+use two cylindrical lenses two cylindrical lenses 
+
+466
+00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:40,540
+to work as if they are sphero cylindrical lens or 
+
+467
+00:31:40,540 --> 00:31:45,240
+plano cylindrical lens now we want to take a 
+
+468
+00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:48,880
+picture in space these two lenses let me stop for 
+
+469
+00:31:48,880 --> 00:31:53,080
+a moment these 
+
+470
+00:31:53,080 --> 00:32:00,750
+two lenses هيقوم مقامهيقوموا مقام ال astigmatic
+
+471
+00:32:00,750 --> 00:32:05,110
+lens astigmatic lens يعني lens فيها astigmatism 
+
+472
+00:32:05,110 --> 00:32:10,450
+صورتها مش زي صورة ال spherical lens ال astigmatic 
+
+473
+00:32:10,450 --> 00:32:14,330
+lens هذا meridian بختلف عن هذا ال meridian بختلف
+
+474
+00:32:14,330 --> 00:32:16,830
+عن هذا ال meridian بختلف عن هذا ال meridian في
+
+475
+00:32:16,830 --> 00:32:21,170
+القوة و ال meridians الأقوى و الأضعف بينهم زاوية 
+
+476
+00:32:21,170 --> 00:32:25,830
+تسعين درجة الآن هذه معمليا معمليا 
+
+477
+00:32:29,460 --> 00:32:33,780
+يمكن باستعمال عدة عدسات أحصل على ال stigmaic lens 
+
+478
+00:32:34,360 --> 00:32:38,140
+ممكن استعمل two cylinders المهم بده أشوف إيش الشكل 
+
+479
+00:32:38,140 --> 00:32:42,620
+الفراغي إيه اللي هيتكون لضوء في الهواء طبعا لازم 
+
+480
+00:32:42,620 --> 00:32:48,520
+أنا أطلق الشكل الفراغي هذا مقاطعه على التوالي 
+
+481
+00:32:48,520 --> 00:32:53,020
+بقدرش أشوفه في الهواء مرة واحدة بقدرش أشوفه في 
+
+482
+00:32:53,020 --> 00:32:57,220
+الهواء مرة واحدة أنا هرجع شوية و أقول الشكل 
+
+483
+00:32:57,220 --> 00:33:01,860
+الفراغي اللي هو ال conoid of a star اللي حكينا عنه 
+
+484
+00:33:02,490 --> 00:33:06,690
+It is the spatial shape of the image, from length,
+
+485
+00:33:06,870 --> 00:33:10,550
+from length, 
+
+486
+00:33:10,550 --> 00:33:14,970
+if I come to this picture, it will be white, but 
+
+487
+00:33:14,970 --> 00:33:18,790
+it will be very complex, here less complex, less 
+
+488
+00:33:18,790 --> 00:33:22,250
+complex, less complex, this is the first focal 
+
+489
+00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:26,430
+line, this first focal line is away from the lens, 
+
+490
+00:33:27,070 --> 00:33:30,350
+a distance appropriate to the strongest meridian 
+
+491
+00:33:30,350 --> 00:33:39,030
+focus,الان من هنا لهنا بسموه stern interval stern 
+
+492
+00:33:39,030 --> 00:33:43,210
+interval or conoid of stern لإن شكله بيشبه المخروض
+
+493
+00:33:43,210 --> 00:33:46,510
+lineThen if you move away a little bit, you will 
+
+494
+00:33:46,510 --> 00:33:50,170
+catch it. Of course, this is formed in space. The 
+
+495
+00:33:50,170 --> 00:33:53,710
+light that comes out of the astigmatic lens will 
+
+496
+00:33:53,710 --> 00:33:57,710
+happen to be a white cut. All the light that
+
+497
+00:33:57,710 --> 00:34:00,490
+entered all the meridians and came out of them
+
+498
+00:34:00,490 --> 00:34:04,960
+will be a white cut and it flows in space.Then, by 
+
+499
+00:34:04,960 --> 00:34:08,780
+the way, but less height, the height is going 
+
+500
+00:34:08,780 --> 00:34:11,920
+down, here the height is high, which I indicate on
+
+501
+00:34:11,920 --> 00:34:14,880
+it, here the height is less, this is a section in
+
+502
+00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:16,940
+the light that came out of the lens and will form
+
+503
+00:34:16,940 --> 00:34:20,500
+the image, here is another section less height,
+
+504
+00:34:20,700 --> 00:34:23,860
+less height, the height became zero, here focus, 
+
+505
+00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:29,990
+so the point that issueda different light band,
+
+506
+00:34:30,170 --> 00:34:33,130
+and each band entered meridian, and each light 
+
+507
+00:34:33,130 --> 00:34:38,950
+band became a line, a focal line, a faced focal 
+
+508
+00:34:38,950 --> 00:34:42,550
+line. Okay, if I want to see these words, I can't 
+
+509
+00:34:42,550 --> 00:34:45,330
+see them in the air, like this, in three 
+
+510
+00:34:45,330 --> 00:34:49,250
+dimensions, without having a receipt. So, I'm 
+
+511
+00:34:49,250 --> 00:34:50,930
+going to put the receipt here, I'm going to see 
+
+512
+00:34:50,930 --> 00:34:53,450
+this view, I'm going to put it away a little bit, 
+
+513
+00:34:53,490 --> 00:34:56,230
+I'm going to see that the focal line has turned 
+
+514
+00:34:56,230 --> 00:35:00,910
+into a line,All the rays of all the meridians, the
+
+515
+00:35:00,910 --> 00:35:03,190
+strongest and the weakest and the middle power and
+
+516
+00:35:03,190 --> 00:35:07,730
+everything between them all gathered themselves in
+
+517
+00:35:07,730 --> 00:35:10,690
+a focal line Then it started to spread again, it
+
+518
+00:35:10,690 --> 00:35:14,410
+gave me an oval shape, then we reached a point
+
+519
+00:35:14,410 --> 00:35:18,270
+where it became a circle shapeهذه بيسموها circle
+
+520
+00:35:18,270 --> 00:35:22,050
+of least confusion، هنا أوضح صورة ممكنة 
+
+521
+00:35:22,050 --> 00:35:26,450
+للـstigmatic lens، لأن كل ال meridians بتكون ال
+
+522
+00:35:26,450 --> 00:35:30,070
+focus تاعة عبارة عن دائرة و كأنها تشبه النقطة
+
+523
+00:35:30,070 --> 00:35:34,430
+المضيقة، بس حجمها أكبر من النقطةI became here, I
+
+524
+00:35:34,430 --> 00:35:37,850
+have an oval shape, but vertical on this oval
+
+525
+00:35:37,850 --> 00:35:41,530
+shape, I raise the oval shape, then of course here
+
+526
+00:35:41,530 --> 00:35:44,070
+its height is more or its width is more, width is
+
+527
+00:35:44,070 --> 00:35:46,290
+less, then I became without width, I mean I
+
+528
+00:35:46,290 --> 00:35:49,970
+became, I have a focal line again, vertical on the 
+
+529
+00:35:49,970 --> 00:35:54,450
+first one After that, it continues that I have, I
+
+530
+00:35:54,450 --> 00:35:57,390
+mean the rays scatter again, here is the place of
+
+531
+00:35:57,390 --> 00:36:02,280
+the image, here is the place of the imagewhich is
+
+532
+00:36:02,280 --> 00:36:08,100
+the light, its accumulation and its attempt to 
+
+533
+00:36:08,100 --> 00:36:10,360
+form the image after passing through the
+
+534
+00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:13,840
+astigmatic lens gives me a hollow shape which we
+
+535
+00:36:13,840 --> 00:36:16,980
+call a conoid of stern or stern interval. Now we
+
+536
+00:36:16,980 --> 00:36:19,260
+want to see it, of course, we cannot see it with 
+
+537
+00:36:19,260 --> 00:36:22,280
+the naked eye unless we print each piece of it on
+
+538
+00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:26,500
+the paper of the printer. Now we want to go back
+
+539
+00:36:26,500 --> 00:36:29,640
+and see the experiment together and say as follows 
+
+540
+00:36:31,010 --> 00:36:33,550
+This is a preparation to prepare the astigmatic
+
+541
+00:36:33,550 --> 00:36:33,990
+lens.
+
+542
+00:36:36,990 --> 00:36:39,470
+This is the white shape just before the first
+
+543
+00:36:39,470 --> 00:36:40,310
+focal line.
+
+544
+00:36:43,990 --> 00:36:46,010
+This starts to move away from the reception paper.
+
+545
+00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:51,050
+This is the first focal line. This is the first 
+
+546
+00:36:51,050 --> 00:36:54,430
+focal line. Now we have reached the circle of
+
+547
+00:36:54,430 --> 00:36:57,850
+least confusion. This is the second focal line 
+
+548
+00:36:57,850 --> 00:36:58,730
+vertical to the first.
+
+549
+00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:06,980
+Then, let's go back again, this is the first focal
+
+550
+00:37:06,980 --> 00:37:10,840
+line. Now I just need to stop at a point to 
+
+551
+00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:11,460
+explain it. 
+
+552
+00:37:15,310 --> 00:37:17,850
+هي ال first focal line .. هى ال first focal line 
+
+553
+00:37:17,850 --> 00:37:22,490
+طالما ال first focal line عمودي .. أفقي معناته
+
+554
+00:37:22,490 --> 00:37:25,670
+أقوى meridian هو عمودي لإن بنقول first focal line 
+
+555
+00:37:25,670 --> 00:37:30,110
+يعني أقرب focal line للعدسة .. للعدسة طبعا هنا هو
+
+556
+00:37:30,110 --> 00:37:36,320
+استعمل عدستين بس ..Some lenses use two lenses to 
+
+557
+00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:40,500
+better clarify the experience. As long as the 
+
+558
+00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:45,700
+first focal line is horizontal, then the vertical
+
+559
+00:37:45,700 --> 00:37:50,280
+meridian is stronger. Now it started to turn 
+
+560
+00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:56,120
+white. Yes, white. He hurried up a bit here.
+
+561
+00:37:59,150 --> 00:38:01,410
+So those are my three marker locations within SAT.
+
+562
+00:38:01,750 --> 00:38:06,530
+This is the first focal line. This is the second
+
+563
+00:38:06,530 --> 00:38:10,430
+focal line. Here between them is the circle of
+
+564
+00:38:10,430 --> 00:38:12,410
+least confusion. As you can see, the board moves 
+
+565
+00:38:12,410 --> 00:38:16,010
+forward by G and back. So if we imagine what is 
+
+566
+00:38:16,010 --> 00:38:20,080
+the three-dimensional spatial shape,The first 
+
+567
+00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:23,580
+focal line, for example, horizontal, then if we go 
+
+568
+00:38:23,580 --> 00:38:25,560
+back a little bit, move away from the lens a 
+
+569
+00:38:25,560 --> 00:38:28,720
+little bit, it will become oval, also horizontal,
+
+570
+00:38:29,180 --> 00:38:32,500
+oval, horizontal oval, then circle of least 
+
+571
+00:38:32,500 --> 00:38:38,420
+confusion, then vertical oval, then vertical focal 
+
+572
+00:38:38,420 --> 00:38:43,920
+line, as we see in the experiment This is the 
+
+573
+00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:47,340
+second focal line, focal line which is vertical 
+
+574
+00:38:52,390 --> 00:38:54,110
+Let's go back to this setup again, just to make
+
+575
+00:38:54,110 --> 00:38:56,250
+sure we're clear. Again, the idea is that these
+
+576
+00:38:56,250 --> 00:38:57,910
+lenses are not touching each other, so we can't
+
+577
+00:38:57,910 --> 00:38:59,690
+add them up directly just by saying the power of
+
+578
+00:38:59,690 --> 00:39:01,930
+lens 1 plus the power of lens 2 is your total
+
+579
+00:39:01,930 --> 00:39:04,390
+power. You have to figure out what version of
+
+580
+00:39:04,390 --> 00:39:22,370
+these lenses... 
+
+581
+00:39:23,240 --> 00:39:26,460
+two that you add to the power of two to figure out 
+
+582
+00:39:26,460 --> 00:39:29,240
+what the power is for each meridian. Since we have 
+
+583
+00:39:29,240 --> 00:39:32,580
+a plano and one meridian for the cylinder and a
+
+584
+00:39:32,580 --> 00:39:33,960
+minus for the power unit.
+
+585
+00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:58,500
+بحيث يعطوني astigmatic lens .. astigmatic lens هنا
+
+586
+00:39:58,500 --> 00:40:02,160
+بنتهي هذا ال .. ال .. ال video لهادي القضية، اذا 
+
+587
+00:40:02,160 --> 00:40:07,040
+في عندى الconoid of a stern هو عبارة عن الشكل 
+
+588
+00:40:07,040 --> 00:40:15,480
+الفراغي لضوء بعد خروجه من ..من ال astigmatic lens
+
+589
+00:40:15,480 --> 00:40:18,180
+في منطقة ال image بتاعته، في منطقة ال image
+
+590
+00:40:18,180 --> 00:40:21,780
+بتاعته، إذا الشكل الفراغي للصورة التي تصنعها 
+
+591
+00:40:21,780 --> 00:40:24,620
+العدسة ذات ال astigmatism المنتظم أو ال three 
+
+592
+00:40:24,620 --> 00:40:28,120
+-dimensional image of the astigmatic lens وطبعا
+
+593
+00:40:28,120 --> 00:40:32,080
+أنا عشان أشوفه و بشوفوش مرة واحدة لازم أتلقى مقطع 
+
+594
+00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:36,380
+مقطع و عبارة عن two focal lines are formed .. ده
+
+595
+00:40:36,380 --> 00:40:40,480
+complicateda geometric envelope of a pencil of
+
+596
+00:40:40,480 --> 00:40:45,040
+light rays emanating from a single point source of
+
+597
+00:40:45,040 --> 00:40:48,340
+refracted and refracted by a spherocylindrical
+
+598
+00:40:48,340 --> 00:40:52,800
+lens is called the conoid of Stern and what this
+
+599
+00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:56,960
+view shows me is the first focal line if after the 
+
+600
+00:40:56,960 --> 00:41:02,030
+first focal line I take a vertical ovalthen it 
+
+601
+00:41:02,030 --> 00:41:05,470
+will find the circle of least confusion, then it 
+
+602
+00:41:05,470 --> 00:41:07,910
+will become a horizontal oval, and then it will 
+
+603
+00:41:07,910 --> 00:41:13,250
+become a horizontal focal line, this is called
+
+604
+00:41:13,250 --> 00:41:17,810
+interval of stern or conoid of stern, here the 
+
+605
+00:41:17,810 --> 00:41:19,950
+first focal line which is closest to the lens and 
+
+606
+00:41:19,950 --> 00:41:23,930
+the second focal line which is farthest from the
+
+607
+00:41:23,930 --> 00:41:28,790
+lens, which is farthest fromالعدسة طبعا هنا أيضا 
+
+608
+00:41:28,790 --> 00:41:32,490
+صورة توضحية، هاي ال first focal line، هاي ال
+
+609
+00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:34,970
+second focal line، هاي ال circle of least
+
+610
+00:41:34,970 --> 00:41:39,030
+confusion، ال circle of least confusion، الان ضل 
+
+611
+00:41:39,030 --> 00:41:43,070
+بس نحكي انه ال conoid of stern has two focal lines 
+
+612
+00:41:43,070 --> 00:41:46,550
+each parallel to one of the principal meridians of
+
+613
+00:41:46,550 --> 00:41:49,940
+the spherocylindrical lensAll the rays in the 
+
+614
+00:41:49,940 --> 00:41:52,980
+pencil pass through each of the focal lines
+
+615
+00:42:09,260 --> 00:42:12,840
+The cross-section of the conoid of a stern vary in 
+
+616
+00:42:12,840 --> 00:42:21,480
+shape along 
+
+617
+00:42:21,480 --> 00:42:24,740
+its
+
+618
+00:42:24,740 --> 00:42:30,240
+length but are generally elliptical
+
+619
+00:42:37,300 --> 00:42:41,960
+At the dioptric mean of
+
+620
+00:42:41,960 --> 00:42:44,700
+the focal lines, there is a cross-section of the
+
+621
+00:42:44,700 --> 00:42:48,540
+conoid of a stern that is circular We want to 
+
+622
+00:42:48,540 --> 00:42:50,720
+understand what is at the dioptric mean Let's go 
+
+623
+00:42:50,720 --> 00:42:55,140
+back here and say as follows This 
+
+624
+00:42:55,140 --> 00:42:59,320
+lens is a spherocylindrical lens or they call it a
+
+625
+00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:04,340
+stigmatic lens A stigmatic lens means that the
+
+626
+00:43:04,340 --> 00:43:07,790
+meridians in it are not united by forceWhat does
+
+627
+00:43:07,790 --> 00:43:11,990
+diopteric mean? What does diopteric mean? It means 
+
+628
+00:43:11,990 --> 00:43:16,290
+the average strength .. average strength of all 
+
+629
+00:43:16,290 --> 00:43:22,690
+meridians Okay, let's say here as usual Let's say
+
+630
+00:43:22,690 --> 00:43:30,890
+here its strength plus 44 diopters plus 44 plus 44 
+
+631
+00:43:30,890 --> 00:43:32,810
+diopters for example
+
+632
+00:43:35,340 --> 00:43:47,700
+ال meridian اللي بعده قوته plus 43 ال
+
+633
+0
+
+667
+00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:11,620
+هي هتعطيني صورة أو focus في منطقة ال circle of 
+
+668
+00:47:11,620 --> 00:47:16,200
+least confusion. The lens that was made for the 
+
+669
+00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:18,080
+Conoid of Sturm, as long as it was made for the 
+
+670
+00:47:18,080 --> 00:47:20,100
+Conoid of Sturm, then this is a stigmatic lens 
+
+671
+00:47:20,100 --> 00:47:23,420
+Because the spherical lens, the usual lens that we 
+
+672
+00:47:23,420 --> 00:47:27,520
+study all the time, is a normal spherical lens. So 
+
+673
+00:47:27,520 --> 00:47:30,500
+when we say plus five, this is negative, all the 
+
+674
+00:47:30,500 --> 00:47:32,420
+meridians, this is five, this is five, this is 
+
+675
+00:47:32,420 --> 00:47:33,620
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five, 
+
+676
+00:47:33,620 --> 00:47:34,280
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is 
+
+677
+00:47:34,280 --> 00:47:34,360
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five, 
+
+678
+00:47:34,360 --> 00:47:35,140
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is 
+
+679
+00:47:35,140 --> 00:47:35,200
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five, 
+
+680
+00:47:35,980 --> 00:47:43,100
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is 
+
+681
+00:47:43,100 --> 00:47:52,380
+five. If we ask someone a question, where is 
+
+682
+00:47:52,380 --> 00:47:54,740
+the circle of least confusion? Or think of the 
+
+683
+00:47:54,740 --> 00:47:57,160
+circle of least confusion as its location in space 
+
+684
+00:47:57,160 --> 00:48:00,320
+and say, okay. This is the astigmatic lens for 
+
+685
+00:48:00,320 --> 00:48:02,940
+example, the strongest meridian for example is 40 
+
+686
+00:48:02,940 --> 00:48:07,700
+and the weakest meridian is 38. 40 and 38 is 78 
+
+687
+00:48:07,700 --> 00:48:11,960
+divided by 2 is 39, we can say that the circle of 
+
+688
+00:48:11,960 --> 00:48:16,000
+least confusion will be in the same point or if we 
+
+689
+00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:19,060
+imagine that this lens has a force of 39 diopters, 
+
+690
+00:48:19,620 --> 00:48:20,300
+where is its focus? 
+
+691
+00:48:30,660 --> 00:48:35,500
+At the dioptric mean of the focal lines, there is 
+
+692
+00:48:35,500 --> 00:48:38,520
+a cross-section of the conoid of a stern that is 
+
+693
+00:48:38,520 --> 00:48:42,920
+circular. This circular patch of light rays is 
+
+694
+00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:46,970
+called the circle of least confusion. It represents 
+
+695
+00:48:46,970 --> 00:48:50,530
+the circle of least confusion, the best overall 
+
+696
+00:48:50,530 --> 00:48:54,430
+focus of the spherocylindrical lens. We want to 
+
+697
+00:48:54,430 --> 00:49:02,350
+understand this sentence because 
+
+698
+00:49:02,350 --> 00:49:06,350
+it is very important. The spherocylindrical lens 
+
+699
+00:49:06,350 --> 00:49:09,830
+does not give a stigmatic image. The 
+
+700
+00:49:09,830 --> 00:49:12,650
+spherocylindrical lens does not give a stigmatic 
+
+701
+00:49:12,650 --> 00:49:16,720
+image. But the best picture given by the spherical 
+
+702
+00:49:16,720 --> 00:49:20,560
+and cylindrical lens is in this area, in the 
+
+703
+00:49:20,560 --> 00:49:24,880
+circle of least confusion, it is in this area. So 
+
+704
+00:49:24,880 --> 00:49:28,140
+the spherical and cylindrical lens, of course, the 
+
+705
+00:49:28,140 --> 00:49:31,800
+perfect image is that the point source should be 
+
+706
+00:49:31,800 --> 00:49:37,640
+point مش هذه الأشكال المعقدة اللي لو حابيت أطلقها 
+
+707
+00:49:37,640 --> 00:49:41,500
+هنا بط��علي line، لو حابيت أطلقها هنا بطلعلي oval، 
+
+708
+00:49:41,500 --> 00:49:44,700
+لو حابيت أطلقها هنا بطلعلي circle، بس بتضل هذه 
+
+709
+00:49:44,700 --> 00:49:49,240
+المنطقة هي أفضل focus ممكن تعمليها ال spherical 
+
+710
+00:49:49,240 --> 00:49:52,900
+cylindrical lens، ال spherical cylindrical lens، 
+
+711
+00:49:52,900 --> 00:49:56,400
+it represents the best oval. It's the best it can 
+
+712
+00:49:56,400 --> 00:50:01,080
+be. But it's not the ideal. It represents the 
+
+713
+00:50:01,080 --> 00:50:04,600
+best, not the ideal. The best overall focus of the 
+
+714
+00:50:04,600 --> 00:50:08,220
+spherical cylindrical lens. The circle of least 
+
+715
+00:50:08,220 --> 00:50:12,360
+confusion occupies the position where all the rays 
+
+716
+00:50:12,360 --> 00:50:15,460
+would be brought to a focus if the lens had a 
+
+717
+00:50:15,460 --> 00:50:18,460
+spherical power equal to the average spherical 
+
+718
+00:50:18,460 --> 00:50:21,880
+power of all meridians of a spherical cylindrical 
+
+719
+00:50:21,880 --> 00:50:23,020
+lens. A while ago, 
+
+720
+00:50:27,900 --> 00:50:30,840
+This spherical cylindrical lens or the astigmatic 
+
+721
+00:50:30,840 --> 00:50:32,520
+lens, if we combine the forces of all the 
+
+722
+00:50:32,520 --> 00:50:37,500
+meridians and divide it into a medium. If we remove 
+
+723
+00:50:37,500 --> 00:50:40,320
+this lens with the different meridians and put a 
+
+724
+00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:43,760
+spherical lens with a force of 42 diopters, I will 
+
+725
+00:50:43,760 --> 00:50:48,660
+have its focus in this region in this region in 
+
+726
+00:50:48,660 --> 00:50:51,820
+this region. Therefore, 
+
+727
+00:50:52,380 --> 00:50:57,140
+this is the meaning of the word, The circle of least 
+
+728
+00:50:57,140 --> 00:50:57,860
+confusion.
+
+729
+00:51:05,490 --> 00:51:09,830
+It was supposed to gather in a point if it was not 
+
+730
+00:51:09,830 --> 00:51:14,090
+a stigmatic lens but a spherical lens. If it was a 
+
+731
+00:51:14,090 --> 00:51:17,090
+spherical lens equivalent to a spherocylindrical 
+
+732
+00:51:17,090 --> 00:51:21,610
+lens equivalent to the average spherical power of 
+
+733
+00:51:21,610 --> 00:51:24,590
+all meridians of the spherocylindrical lens. 
+
+734
+00:51:35,500 --> 00:51:38,640
+Its power is equal to the average power of the 
+
+735
+00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:41,640
+meridians of the spherocylindrical lens. This 
+
+736
+00:51:41,640 --> 00:51:44,740
+average spherical power of a spherocylindrical 
+
+737
+00:51:44,740 --> 00:51:53,640
+lens is called the spherical equivalent. The 
+
+738
+00:51:53,640 --> 00:52:00,420
+average spherical power of this lens. This is the 
+
+739
+00:52:00,420 --> 00:52:02,580
+lens that I wrote on the Meridian of the Earth. 
+
+740
+00:52:03,000 --> 00:52:05,500
+How much is the spherical equivalent of it? I say 
+
+741
+00:52:05,500 --> 00:52:08,880
+42. What does spherical equivalent mean? What is 
+
+742
+00:52:08,880 --> 00:52:11,740
+the spherical equivalent of it? Spherical 
+
+743
+00:52:11,740 --> 00:52:15,080
+equivalent means spherical equivalent. This 
+
+744
+00:52:15,080 --> 00:52:18,120
+astigmatic lens or spherical and cylindrical lens 
+
+745
+00:52:18,120 --> 00:52:19,800
+does not need it. It needs something equivalent 
+
+746
+00:52:19,800 --> 00:52:23,390
+but spherical. فبقول هي ال spherical equivalent 
+
+747
+00:52:23,390 --> 00:52:27,710
+بجمع ال meridians كلهم و بجسمهم على عددهم أو بجمع 
+
+748
+00:52:27,710 --> 00:52:31,590
+أقوى meridian و أضعف meridian عشان أطلع ال 
+
+749
+00:52:31,590 --> 00:52:34,590
+spherical equivalent عشان أطلع ال spherical 
+
+750
+00:52:34,590 --> 00:52:40,540
+equivalent. هذا ال spherical equivalent. طيب، الآن 
+
+751
+00:52:40,540 --> 00:52:45,140
+في معادلة لل spherical equivalent, the average, 
+
+752
+00:52:45,140 --> 00:52:47,960
+this average spherical power of sphero cylindrical 
+
+753
+00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:51,440
+lens is called the spherical equivalent of the 
+
+754
+00:52:51,440 --> 00:52:54,930
+lens. It is calculated by the following 
+
+755
+00:52:54,930 --> 00:52:58,750
+relationship, the spherical equivalent يساوي 
+
+756
+00:52:58,750 --> 00:53:02,950
+الاسفير زائد السلندر على اتنين زائد نص السلندر. 
+
+757
+00:53:02,950 --> 00:53:07,470
+الاسفير زائد نص السلندر و هذا الكلام ان شاء الله 
+
+758
+00:53:07,470 --> 00:53:12,090
+تعالى هنكمله في ملحق المحاضرة و يعطيكم العافية و 
+
+759
+00:53:12,090 --> 00:53:14,970
+السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركاته. 

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/8PuHUF_1w_g_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,3104 @@
+1
+00:00:01,770 --> 00:00:04,810
+Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim، بنواصل مع محاضرات
+
+2
+00:00:04,810 --> 00:00:08,630
+الـ Geometric Optics ووصلنا عند الـ Optical
+
+3
+00:00:08,630 --> 00:00:13,050
+Aberration أو الزيغ البصري، الزيغ البصري والمقصود
+
+4
+00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:19,400
+فيه يعني ..The point is that when it goes through
+
+5
+00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:23,760
+the light through the optical system, does it make
+
+6
+00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:26,400
+it a stigmatic image, which means a perfect image,
+
+7
+00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:29,460
+or does it not make it a perfect image? If it
+
+8
+00:00:29,460 --> 00:00:31,920
+makes it a perfect image, it is called a stigmatic
+
+9
+00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,180
+image Of course, a stigmatic image means that
+
+10
+00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:38,200
+there is no aberration Any deviation or any
+
+11
+00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:41,960
+distanceon the stigmatic imaging is called
+
+12
+00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:46,800
+aberrations in paraxial optics the focus is
+
+13
+00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:51,700
+essentially stigmatic if we summarize things on
+
+14
+00:00:51,700 --> 00:00:56,260
+the paraxial rays around the optical axis the
+
+15
+00:00:56,260 --> 00:01:00,400
+focus is often stigmatic as for the peripheral or
+
+16
+00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:04,580
+non-paraxial rays they do not necessarily focus
+
+17
+00:01:04,580 --> 00:01:10,900
+stigmaticallyAny deviation from stigmatic imaging
+
+18
+00:01:10,900 --> 00:01:12,420
+are called aberrations.
+
+19
+00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:21,000
+Aberrations are divided into monochromatic and
+
+20
+00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:28,010
+chromaticSome colours appear in a chromatic
+
+21
+00:01:28,010 --> 00:01:30,890
+aberration, chromatic aberration, a white light
+
+22
+00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:33,810
+entering the optical system, coming out, which
+
+23
+00:01:33,810 --> 00:01:37,830
+means it is related to the complex colours or
+
+24
+00:01:37,830 --> 00:01:43,110
+spectrumAs for the other type of aberration or the
+
+25
+00:01:43,110 --> 00:01:45,770
+other group, it is called monochromatic, the white
+
+26
+00:01:45,770 --> 00:01:49,430
+light remains white, but the point source of light
+
+27
+00:01:49,430 --> 00:01:55,170
+of the object is not point but point spread
+
+28
+00:01:55,170 --> 00:01:59,050
+function in one way or another So aberrations are
+
+29
+00:01:59,050 --> 00:02:04,050
+divided into monochromatic and chromatic formsThe
+
+30
+00:02:04,050 --> 00:02:08,410
+two most common monochromatic aberrations are
+
+31
+00:02:08,410 --> 00:02:13,150
+defocus and regular astigmatism لو أجينا نفسر عن
+
+32
+00:02:13,150 --> 00:02:16,930
+ال .. ال monochromatic aberration إيش تقسيماته، ال
+
+33
+00:02:16,930 --> 00:02:21,290
+monochromatic aberration تنقسم لdefocusand regular
+
+34
+00:02:21,290 --> 00:02:24,690
+astigmatism, which means the defocus is the
+
+35
+00:02:24,690 --> 00:02:27,790
+monochromatic aberrations that show that I don't
+
+36
+00:02:27,790 --> 00:02:31,410
+have a good focus for example, myopia and another
+
+37
+00:02:31,410 --> 00:02:35,570
+example, hypermetropia or myopic and hypermetropic
+
+38
+00:02:35,570 --> 00:02:40,170
+spherical refractive error the regular astigmatism
+
+39
+00:02:40,170 --> 00:02:43,170
+which we will talk about shortly by God's will
+
+40
+00:02:43,950 --> 00:02:48,290
+Let's see the structure of aberrations Our goal of
+
+41
+00:02:48,290 --> 00:02:52,650
+aberrations is any deviation from the stigmatic
+
+42
+00:02:52,650 --> 00:02:55,030
+imaging The aberrations are divided into
+
+43
+00:02:55,030 --> 00:02:58,650
+monochromatic and chromatic Chromatic means that
+
+44
+00:02:58,650 --> 00:03:00,830
+the white light that entered the optical system
+
+45
+00:03:00,830 --> 00:03:04,810
+became non-white after leaving the optical system
+
+46
+00:03:04,810 --> 00:03:11,210
+and was analyzed to its typical configurationnot
+
+47
+00:03:11,210 --> 00:03:13,770
+our topic for chromatic aberration as much as our
+
+48
+00:03:13,770 --> 00:03:17,150
+topic which is monochromatic aberration which is
+
+49
+00:03:17,150 --> 00:03:20,810
+deviation from stigmatic imaging only for one
+
+50
+00:03:20,810 --> 00:03:24,030
+reason or another the divisions of monochromatic
+
+51
+00:03:24,030 --> 00:03:28,510
+aberration are defocus and regular astigmatism the
+
+52
+00:03:28,510 --> 00:03:33,770
+defocus is divided into myopia and hypermetropia
+
+53
+00:03:33,770 --> 00:03:38,010
+myopia and hypermetropia monochromatic
+
+54
+00:03:40,050 --> 00:03:42,750
+aberration also has another type other than
+
+55
+00:03:42,750 --> 00:03:46,030
+defocus which is regular astigmatism. In myopia,
+
+56
+00:03:46,210 --> 00:03:48,870
+of course, the defocus is in front of the retina.
+
+57
+00:03:49,550 --> 00:03:53,830
+In hypermetropia, the defocus is behind the
+
+58
+00:03:53,830 --> 00:03:56,890
+retina. In both cases, there is no focus on the
+
+59
+00:03:56,890 --> 00:04:01,090
+retina or there is no focus on the rays that
+
+60
+00:04:01,090 --> 00:04:03,290
+entered the optical system, which is the eye,
+
+61
+00:04:03,650 --> 00:04:06,630
+cornea and crystalline lens. There is no focus or
+
+62
+00:04:06,630 --> 00:04:08,970
+their focus is either in front of the retinaor
+
+63
+00:04:08,970 --> 00:04:12,350
+behind the retina We're going to talk about the
+
+64
+00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:18,770
+regular astigmatism in more detailBut we want to
+
+65
+00:04:18,770 --> 00:04:22,970
+do some things that lead to this case. So this is
+
+66
+00:04:22,970 --> 00:04:26,470
+the simplified distribution of aberrations. Why
+
+67
+00:04:26,470 --> 00:04:29,870
+chromatic and monochromatic? The monochromatic is
+
+68
+00:04:29,870 --> 00:04:33,270
+divided into defocus and regular astigmatism. And
+
+69
+00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:35,710
+defocus is divided into myopia and hypermetropia.
+
+70
+00:04:35,790 --> 00:04:38,210
+And these are simple refractive errors that can be
+
+71
+00:04:38,210 --> 00:04:42,190
+treated simply with glasses or any other means,
+
+72
+00:04:42,750 --> 00:04:45,850
+such as adhesive lenses or similar.Regular
+
+73
+00:04:45,850 --> 00:04:50,930
+astigmatism can also be treated with glasses or
+
+74
+00:04:50,930 --> 00:04:57,750
+other tools such as laser vision correction. Now
+
+75
+00:04:57,750 --> 00:05:02,010
+we will talk about some things that are used in
+
+76
+00:05:02,010 --> 00:05:04,990
+measuring aberration. The clinical application of
+
+77
+00:05:04,990 --> 00:05:09,370
+wavefront aberometry makes it possible to measure
+
+78
+00:05:09,370 --> 00:05:11,250
+higher order aberrations.
+
+79
+00:05:14,500 --> 00:05:18,440
+في ما يسمى high order aberrations high order
+
+80
+00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:23,060
+aberrations اللي هي الزيغ المعقد الزيغ المعقد أو
+
+81
+00:05:23,060 --> 00:05:26,800
+الغير منتظم أو اللي أكثر تعقيدا من الأشياء اللي
+
+82
+00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:30,400
+ذكرناها من الmiopia و الhypermetropia و ال regular
+
+83
+00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:34,700
+astigmatism في عندي high order aberration بجيسها
+
+84
+00:05:37,430 --> 00:05:42,770
+The clinical application of wavefront aperometry
+
+85
+00:05:42,770 --> 00:05:47,250
+makes it possible to measure high order or higher
+
+86
+00:05:47,250 --> 00:05:48,530
+order aberration
+
+87
+00:05:57,870 --> 00:06:02,450
+كل موجة تسمى الجبهة الموجية wave front wave front
+
+88
+00:06:02,450 --> 00:06:05,910
+يعني هذه جبهة موجية، هذه جبهة موجية، هذه جبهة
+
+89
+00:06:05,910 --> 00:06:10,350
+موجية، هذه الجبهة الموجية، بس تدخل في optical
+
+90
+00:06:10,350 --> 00:06:14,860
+system، الموجاتحسب منطقة الدخولة من ال optical
+
+91
+00:06:14,860 --> 00:06:19,340
+system ممكن ما تكونش يعني موجات الضوء ما .. ما
+
+92
+00:06:19,340 --> 00:06:23,220
+تصبعش مع بعض، يصير في تعريج فيها، يصير في تعريج
+
+93
+00:06:23,220 --> 00:06:27,420
+فيها، بسموها يعني صار في عندي تعريج في ال wave,
+
+94
+00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:31,600
+front بتاعة ال light waves, high one light wave
+
+95
+00:06:32,440 --> 00:06:34,960
+This is the second, this is the third, they walk
+
+96
+00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:37,780
+together because they started from the object at
+
+97
+00:06:37,780 --> 00:06:40,400
+the same moment. But when they enter the optical
+
+98
+00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:43,160
+system, they enter, for example, the crystalline
+
+99
+00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:45,760
+lens of the human eye, the edges of the
+
+100
+00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:48,740
+crystalline lens are less thick, the middle of the
+
+101
+00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:51,960
+crystalline lens is thicker, so the light that
+
+102
+00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:54,600
+entered or the light waves that entered from the
+
+103
+00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:58,200
+middle of the lenscrystalline lens will get worse
+
+104
+00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:00,580
+because it will move in the middle of high
+
+105
+00:07:00,580 --> 00:07:05,560
+density, high refractive index so the waves will
+
+106
+00:07:05,560 --> 00:07:09,200
+move together, but after passing through the
+
+107
+00:07:09,200 --> 00:07:12,740
+optical system, they will not move together which
+
+108
+00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:17,680
+is their face or wave front, their wave front
+
+109
+00:07:17,680 --> 00:07:21,460
+there is a device that measures the wave frontthey
+
+110
+00:07:21,460 --> 00:07:25,180
+do analysis and see the aberration that can occur
+
+111
+00:07:25,180 --> 00:07:29,280
+because of this optical system so wavefront
+
+112
+00:07:29,280 --> 00:07:32,540
+aperometry makes it possible to measure higher
+
+113
+00:07:32,540 --> 00:07:36,180
+order aberration in the past, there were many
+
+114
+00:07:36,180 --> 00:07:40,290
+types of higher order aberrationA lot, a lot, we
+
+115
+00:07:40,290 --> 00:07:42,830
+.. we know what is the lower order aberration,
+
+116
+00:07:43,050 --> 00:07:45,750
+they call it a simple lower order aberration, we
+
+117
+00:07:45,750 --> 00:07:47,870
+know myopia and hypermetropia and regular
+
+118
+00:07:47,870 --> 00:07:51,570
+astigmatism, which is regular astigmatism, while
+
+119
+00:07:51,570 --> 00:07:55,210
+the higher order aberrations are very many types,
+
+120
+00:07:55,710 --> 00:07:58,970
+in the past they included them in one term, which
+
+121
+00:07:58,970 --> 00:08:01,770
+is a term, they call it a categorical term, and
+
+122
+00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:06,530
+it's like a categorization in every ..hubba-wubba
+
+123
+00:08:06,530 --> 00:08:10,010
+of all kinds of science and knowledge, so the term
+
+124
+00:08:10,010 --> 00:08:11,990
+they used to describe it was called irregular
+
+125
+00:08:11,990 --> 00:08:15,210
+astigmatism Now they stopped using irregular
+
+126
+00:08:15,210 --> 00:08:18,710
+astigmatism, why? Because they invented the
+
+127
+00:08:18,710 --> 00:08:22,570
+apirometry devices that measure the wave front and
+
+128
+00:08:22,570 --> 00:08:26,250
+do analysis, analysis, and deduce from it the
+
+129
+00:08:26,250 --> 00:08:29,230
+types of aberrations that the optical system can
+
+130
+00:08:29,230 --> 00:08:34,670
+do to itOne of the most famous types in high order
+
+131
+00:08:34,670 --> 00:08:39,870
+aberration is called coma, spherical aberration,
+
+132
+00:08:40,430 --> 00:08:43,190
+and trefoil Of course there are other types like
+
+133
+00:08:43,190 --> 00:08:47,750
+tetrafoil, pentafoil, and many others But we
+
+134
+00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:53,170
+should focus on the higher order aberration, coma,
+
+135
+00:08:53,850 --> 00:08:57,690
+spherical aberration, and trefoilWhat do we mean
+
+136
+00:08:57,690 --> 00:09:00,850
+by coma? What do we mean by spherical aberration?
+
+137
+00:09:01,210 --> 00:09:04,670
+And what do we mean by trefoil? Before we say what
+
+138
+00:09:04,670 --> 00:09:07,390
+we mean, we also make sure that the light emits
+
+139
+00:09:07,390 --> 00:09:13,790
+electromagnetic waves. And these waves emitted
+
+140
+00:09:13,790 --> 00:09:17,890
+together form a wave front. Wave front is the
+
+141
+00:09:17,890 --> 00:09:21,330
+precursor of light waves. It is called wave front
+
+142
+00:09:21,330 --> 00:09:25,170
+analysis. It enters the lens. After exiting the
+
+143
+00:09:25,170 --> 00:09:29,720
+lens,مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+144
+00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:29,860
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+145
+00:09:29,860 --> 00:09:30,840
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+146
+00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:32,180
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+147
+00:09:32,180 --> 00:09:33,900
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+148
+00:09:33,900 --> 00:09:39,960
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+149
+00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:43,860
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+150
+00:09:43,860 --> 00:09:50,220
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+151
+00:09:50,220 --> 00:09:51,520
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+152
+00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:54,900
+مستواها بيكونش واحد .. مستواها بيكونش واحد ..
+
+153
+00:09:54,900 --> 00:09:57,480
+مستواهاComma means the magnified, from the word
+
+154
+00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:00,440
+comet, the magnified, so it becomes the shape of
+
+155
+00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:04,400
+the light spot, it becomes like this in the
+
+156
+00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:07,040
+picture, so this is called comma aberration Is
+
+157
+00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:11,060
+this the nature of the point from which the light
+
+158
+00:10:11,060 --> 00:10:12,340
+is emitted? Of course not, this is the nature of
+
+159
+00:10:12,340 --> 00:10:15,020
+the point from which the light is emitted, so this
+
+160
+00:10:15,020 --> 00:10:19,300
+issue is very important to be clear The second
+
+161
+00:10:19,300 --> 00:10:24,360
+type is the spherical aberrationIt is a spherical
+
+162
+00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:27,620
+wave of the minimum light in the intensity of the
+
+163
+00:10:27,620 --> 00:10:30,840
+light around the point image Here there is no
+
+164
+00:10:30,840 --> 00:10:34,160
+aberration, the point image is a point, okay? Or
+
+165
+00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:37,000
+the point, the object is not drawn, here are four
+
+166
+00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:40,660
+images for points without aberration Here are four
+
+167
+00:10:40,660 --> 00:10:43,280
+images for the same points with the presence of
+
+168
+00:10:43,280 --> 00:10:45,340
+the spherical aberration, it is clear that the
+
+169
+00:10:45,340 --> 00:10:48,600
+image is fixed and has become around the point
+
+170
+00:10:48,600 --> 00:10:52,480
+image in itmeans a wave of white light, this is
+
+171
+00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:54,900
+called spherical aberration, and this is also
+
+172
+00:10:54,900 --> 00:10:58,360
+different from the stigmatic imaging Now let's
+
+173
+00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:07,740
+talk about the trefoil, the point becomes like a
+
+174
+00:11:07,740 --> 00:11:14,010
+point spread function of trianglesكأنها يعني وهج
+
+175
+00:11:14,010 --> 00:11:19,570
+ثلاثي الشعب، فبيسموها Trefoil، بيسموها Trefoil،
+
+176
+00:11:19,570 --> 00:11:23,890
+هنا نفس الاشي دهرة، و هنا دهرة بس حجمها أسرع، هنا
+
+177
+00:11:23,890 --> 00:11:27,810
+لما بيكون عندي أنا مافيش aberration بالمرة، لا low
+
+178
+00:11:27,810 --> 00:11:31,010
+order aberration، لا myopia، هي minus نص myopia،
+
+179
+00:11:31,010 --> 00:11:34,570
+minus واحد myopia، هنا plus واحد .. plus نص
+
+180
+00:11:34,570 --> 00:11:37,750
+hypermetropia و plus واحد hypermetropia، الصورة،
+
+181
+00:11:37,750 --> 00:11:41,690
+النقطة هي صورتهاmeans we are able to see it
+
+182
+00:11:41,690 --> 00:11:44,090
+because the point is something consistent in the
+
+183
+00:11:44,090 --> 00:11:47,410
+character, in the character Okay, this point, if a
+
+184
+00:11:47,410 --> 00:11:49,990
+person doesn't have low order aberration, doesn't
+
+185
+00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:53,410
+have myopia, doesn't have hypermetropia, doesn't
+
+186
+00:11:53,410 --> 00:11:57,790
+have this problem, but has high order aberration,
+
+187
+00:11:57,890 --> 00:12:01,110
+has a lump, it will look like this Let's go to a
+
+188
+00:12:01,110 --> 00:12:05,690
+big picture to make the picture clearerما عنده لا
+
+189
+00:12:05,690 --> 00:12:08,630
+myopia، يعني الصورة بتيجي على ال retina، بس بتيجيش
+
+190
+00:12:08,630 --> 00:12:11,710
+على ال retina بشكل نقطة، بيصير ال focusing على ال
+
+191
+00:12:11,710 --> 00:12:17,250
+retina بشكل كومة أو بشكل ال trefoilSo therefore,
+
+192
+00:12:17,750 --> 00:12:20,690
+it is necessary to know that even if a person does
+
+193
+00:12:20,690 --> 00:12:24,270
+not have low order aberration, sometimes laser
+
+194
+00:12:24,270 --> 00:12:27,350
+vision correction, some operations are aimed to
+
+195
+00:12:27,350 --> 00:12:31,910
+get rid of the higher order aberration, because
+
+196
+00:12:31,910 --> 00:12:34,310
+sometimes it is annoying It is true that the
+
+197
+00:12:34,310 --> 00:12:39,050
+vision is 6 on 6, but the quality of vision is
+
+198
+00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:43,140
+moderateيعني ب .. بشوف مثلا خط الستة ع ستة بس مش
+
+199
+00:12:43,140 --> 00:12:47,280
+بhigh quality كما هو مطلوب، كما هو مطلوب وإنما
+
+200
+00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:50,500
+بشوف .. و هذا طبعا ممكن الناس يقول هذا ال .. ال ..
+
+201
+00:12:50,500 --> 00:12:54,320
+ال .. الصور يعني بسيطة ومش معقدة، هذه الصور نقطة
+
+202
+00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:59,180
+واحدة ومعروف إن ال object مكوّن من عدد لا نهائي من
+
+203
+00:12:59,180 --> 00:13:04,130
+النقاط، بس هذه يعني أبسط شيء ممكن يندرس أصبحيعني
+
+204
+00:13:04,130 --> 00:13:08,210
+أكثر تعقيدا مما هو عليه في حقيقة الأمر. فلمّا
+
+205
+00:13:08,210 --> 00:13:11,830
+بيكون الجسم مكوّن من نقاط عديدة، بيصير السؤال أمور
+
+206
+00:13:11,830 --> 00:13:20,180
+أصعب بكثير. إذا في عندي low order operationde
+
+207
+00:13:20,180 --> 00:13:23,360
+-focus, regular astigmatism, and high order
+
+208
+00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:28,180
+aberration, such as coma, spherical aberration,
+
+209
+00:13:28,660 --> 00:13:31,880
+and trefoil. Spherical aberration is particularly
+
+210
+00:13:31,880 --> 00:13:34,420
+relevant to higher order aberration in
+
+211
+00:13:34,420 --> 00:13:38,010
+keratorefractive surgery.Laser Refractive Surgery,
+
+212
+00:13:38,130 --> 00:13:44,890
+Laser Surgery, PRK Surgery, Smile Surgery, Laser
+
+213
+00:13:44,890 --> 00:13:48,510
+Vision Correction Surgery It is very important to
+
+214
+00:13:48,510 --> 00:13:52,130
+correct not only low order aberration that I have
+
+215
+00:13:52,130 --> 00:13:53,750
+shortness of breath that I want to correct, I have
+
+216
+00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:57,950
+height that I want to correct, but it also
+
+217
+00:13:57,950 --> 00:14:04,610
+corrects types of higher order aberrationand
+
+218
+00:14:04,610 --> 00:14:07,810
+especially these three things which are coma,
+
+219
+00:14:07,950 --> 00:14:11,690
+spherical aberration, and trefoil, and trefoil And
+
+220
+00:14:11,690 --> 00:14:15,990
+of course the medical schools talk about this
+
+221
+00:14:15,990 --> 00:14:19,770
+field, if I want to fix all kinds of high order
+
+222
+00:14:19,770 --> 00:14:22,780
+aberration, not just these threeSometimes I have
+
+223
+00:14:22,780 --> 00:14:24,920
+to take a bigger part of the equation or I will
+
+224
+00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:27,200
+have to take a bigger part of the equation and
+
+225
+00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:30,440
+maybe the patient will be in danger, so I fix the
+
+226
+00:14:30,440 --> 00:14:33,540
+most important types which are higher order
+
+227
+00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:35,260
+aberration, which is the comma, and spherical
+
+228
+00:14:35,260 --> 00:14:38,720
+aberration, and literary foil, of course if they
+
+229
+00:14:38,720 --> 00:14:42,740
+reach a certain degree of the annoying amount to
+
+230
+00:14:42,740 --> 00:14:50,000
+the patientنحكي عن regular astigmatism, regular
+
+231
+00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:53,040
+astigmatism, unlike the spherical lens service,
+
+232
+00:14:53,220 --> 00:14:56,260
+the astigmatic lens service does not have the same
+
+233
+00:14:56,260 --> 00:14:59,980
+curvature and refracting power in all meridians,
+
+234
+00:15:00,180 --> 00:15:04,820
+in all meridians يعني ال astigmatic lens أو ال
+
+235
+00:15:04,820 --> 00:15:09,460
+sphero cylindrical lens التحدوبها بتغير من
+
+236
+00:15:09,460 --> 00:15:12,760
+meridian ل meridian زي ما هنشوف بعد شوية يعني هنا
+
+237
+00:15:13,660 --> 00:15:17,820
+لو طلعنا على رسمة مكبرة، هاي عندي اللي باللون
+
+238
+00:15:17,820 --> 00:15:22,760
+الأصفر مرسومة، هي عبارة عن astigmatic lens،
+
+239
+00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:27,540
+astigmatic lens أو spherical lens وعندي أنا طبعا
+
+240
+00:15:27,540 --> 00:15:32,090
+فيها meridians كتيرة، الأبيض، اللي بعدهThe white
+
+241
+00:15:32,090 --> 00:15:34,510
+one is at 90 degrees and the blue one is at 180
+
+242
+00:15:34,510 --> 00:15:36,470
+degrees. And between them all the meridians, all
+
+243
+00:15:36,470 --> 00:15:39,070
+the places where the light will enter, is a full
+
+244
+00:15:39,070 --> 00:15:42,610
+lens. But it doesn't mean that I drew two
+
+245
+00:15:42,610 --> 00:15:44,130
+meridians, which means that the light will only
+
+246
+00:15:44,130 --> 00:15:46,630
+enter from these two meridians. It will enter from
+
+247
+00:15:46,630 --> 00:15:48,950
+this meridian, and this one, and this one, and
+
+248
+00:15:48,950 --> 00:15:53,510
+everything. Of course, in regular astigmatism, the
+
+249
+00:15:53,510 --> 00:15:58,150
+lens that has regular astigmatism means that this
+
+250
+00:15:58,150 --> 00:16:03,290
+meridianوال meridian هذا و ال meridians اللي بينهم
+
+251
+00:16:03,290 --> 00:16:05,090
+مختلفين في القوة و ال meridian هذا و ال meridians
+
+252
+00:16:05,090 --> 00:16:05,450
+اللي بينهم مختلفين في القوة و ال meridian هذا و ال
+
+253
+00:16:05,450 --> 00:16:06,670
+meridians اللي بينهم مختلفين في القوة بس ليش سمناه
+
+254
+00:16:06,670 --> 00:16:08,130
+regular astigmatism بس ليش سمناه regular
+
+255
+00:16:08,130 --> 00:16:12,350
+astigmatism لأنه هذا ال meridian له قوة معينة اللي
+
+256
+00:16:12,350 --> 00:16:19,110
+بعده أقل منه أقل أقل أقل أقل أقل أقل في تدرج منتظم
+
+257
+00:16:19,110 --> 00:16:23,240
+عشان هيك بيسموه regular astigmatismبمعنى آخر، لو
+
+258
+00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:26,620
+فرضت إنه هذا ال meridian قوته، هذا ال meridian
+
+259
+00:16:26,620 --> 00:16:31,180
+قوته مثلا أربعين ديوبتر، هذا اللي بعده تسعة و
+
+260
+00:16:31,180 --> 00:16:35,020
+تلاتين، اللي بعده تمانية و تلاتين، اللي بعده سبعة
+
+261
+00:16:35,020 --> 00:16:38,620
+و تلاتين، ستة و تلاتين، خمسة و تلاتين، إذا في تدرج
+
+262
+00:16:38,620 --> 00:16:45,350
+و في فرق منتظرمش مثلا بلاقي قوته اربعين ديوبتر،
+
+263
+00:16:45,350 --> 00:16:49,090
+بعدين تسعة و تلاتين، بعدين ستة و تلاتين، بعدين
+
+264
+00:16:49,090 --> 00:16:52,950
+تمانية و تلاتين، بشكل عشوائي، لأ، بتدرج من الأعلى
+
+265
+00:16:52,950 --> 00:16:57,930
+للأدنى أو من الأدنى للأعلى، يعني ممكن يكون هذا
+
+266
+00:16:57,930 --> 00:17:02,240
+الأدنى و هذا الأعلى، بس التدرج دائما منتظرAnd of
+
+267
+00:17:02,240 --> 00:17:05,440
+course this is a point, the second point, the
+
+268
+00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:08,760
+strongest meridian and the weakest meridian are 90
+
+269
+00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:11,380
+degrees between them So this is the regular
+
+270
+00:17:11,380 --> 00:17:15,300
+astigmatism So unlike the spherical lens service,
+
+271
+00:17:15,820 --> 00:17:19,760
+the astigmatic lens service does not have the same
+
+272
+00:17:19,760 --> 00:17:20,320
+curvature
+
+273
+00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:46,260
+The curvature of
+
+274
+00:17:46,260 --> 00:17:51,860
+an astigmatic lens variesthe astigmatic lens
+
+275
+00:17:51,860 --> 00:17:55,900
+diverges from a minimum value to a maximum value
+
+276
+00:17:55,900 --> 00:17:59,580
+with the extreme values, the extreme values of the
+
+277
+00:17:59,580 --> 00:18:02,880
+edges, meaning the minimum meridian force and the
+
+278
+00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:08,880
+maximum meridian force located in meridians 90
+
+279
+00:18:08,880 --> 00:18:14,300
+degrees apart. Thus, the refracting power varies
+
+280
+00:18:14,300 --> 00:18:18,090
+from one meridian to the nextand an astigmatic
+
+281
+00:18:18,090 --> 00:18:22,650
+service does not have single point of focus بمعنى
+
+282
+00:18:22,650 --> 00:18:27,930
+آخر طالما .. هاي عندي مثلاastigmatic lens, of
+
+283
+00:18:27,930 --> 00:18:30,450
+course here there's meridian and then there's
+
+284
+00:18:30,450 --> 00:18:34,050
+meridian, meridian at 90, meridian at 95, meridian
+
+285
+00:18:34,050 --> 00:18:37,010
+at 100, meridian at 105, of course, and what's
+
+286
+00:18:37,010 --> 00:18:40,070
+between them at 91 and 92, of course, all of this
+
+287
+00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:44,270
+are meridians, but here we are briefly showing the
+
+288
+00:18:44,270 --> 00:18:47,520
+picture, the meridian which is at 90The meridian
+
+289
+00:18:47,520 --> 00:18:51,760
+is drawn in red on 180 degrees The light will
+
+290
+00:18:51,760 --> 00:18:55,720
+start from the point source of light in all
+
+291
+00:18:55,720 --> 00:18:59,940
+directions A light beam will enter the vertical
+
+292
+00:18:59,940 --> 00:19:03,360
+meridian A light beam will enter the horizontal
+
+293
+00:19:03,360 --> 00:19:06,780
+meridian A third light beam will enter the oblique
+
+294
+00:19:06,780 --> 00:19:09,300
+meridian A fourth light beam will enter the second
+
+295
+00:19:09,300 --> 00:19:12,700
+oblique meridian and so on Each meridian will take
+
+296
+00:19:12,700 --> 00:19:18,670
+a share of the lightبما أنه قوة ال meridians
+
+297
+00:19:18,670 --> 00:19:22,990
+مختلفة عن بعضها البعض، إذا ال focus بتاعتها
+
+298
+00:19:22,990 --> 00:19:29,570
+هيختلف، ال meridian الأضعف، ال meridian الأضعفال
+
+299
+00:19:29,570 --> 00:19:33,470
+focus بتاعه هيكون بعيد لإنه بده مسافة عشان يتجمع و
+
+300
+00:19:33,470 --> 00:19:37,270
+ال meridian الأقوى هيقدر يجمع الأشعة بتاعته في
+
+301
+00:19:37,270 --> 00:19:42,830
+مسافة أقرى يعني لما بنقول ال meridian أبومية اللي
+
+302
+00:19:42,830 --> 00:19:45,670
+.. اللي .. اللي هو على ال .. ال meridian الأزرق
+
+303
+00:19:45,670 --> 00:19:48,530
+اللي مرسوم باللون الأزرق هنا عندى لو قولنا قوته
+
+304
+00:19:48,530 --> 00:19:53,560
+أربعين ديوبترAnd the red meridian has 44 diopters,
+
+305
+00:19:53,580 --> 00:19:56,820
+so the red meridian, which is horizontal, which is
+
+306
+00:19:56,820 --> 00:20:01,700
+180 degrees, is 4 diopters stronger than the blue
+
+307
+00:20:01,700 --> 00:20:07,100
+meridian. Of course, the red meridian above is
+
+308
+00:20:07,100 --> 00:20:11,270
+closer.The focus is closer and the meridian is
+
+309
+00:20:11,270 --> 00:20:14,050
+blue because it is weaker because the focus is
+
+310
+00:20:14,050 --> 00:20:18,410
+farther Okay, the meridians between them will be
+
+311
+00:20:18,410 --> 00:20:22,470
+their foci, a group of focus called foci, will be
+
+312
+00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:26,460
+betweenالمنطقتين هدولة اللي هي المنطقة الحمراء
+
+313
+00:20:26,460 --> 00:20:30,920
+والمنطقة الزرقاء لإنه طبعا أضعف meridian و أقوى
+
+314
+00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,740
+meridian بينهم تسعين درجة، إذا هدولة ال meridians
+
+315
+00:20:33,740 --> 00:20:38,180
+اللي مش مرسومة بتكون أقوى من الأضعف، أقوى من
+
+316
+00:20:38,180 --> 00:20:40,800
+الأضعف، لو قولنا هنا أربع و أربعين و هنا أربعين،
+
+317
+00:20:40,800 --> 00:20:44,830
+إذا هذا بتكون واحد و أربعينForty-two, forty-three,
+
+318
+00:20:45,150 --> 00:20:47,150
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+319
+00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:47,150
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+320
+00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:47,150
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+321
+00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:47,150
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+322
+00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:47,290
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+323
+00:20:47,290 --> 00:20:47,890
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+324
+00:20:48,130 --> 00:20:52,290
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+325
+00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:54,490
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+326
+00:20:54,490 --> 00:20:54,490
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+327
+00:20:54,490 --> 00:20:55,010
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+328
+00:20:55,010 --> 00:20:55,890
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+329
+00:20:55,890 --> 00:20:55,910
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+330
+00:20:55,910 --> 00:20:59,270
+forty-four, forty-four, forty-four, forty-four,
+
+331
+00:20:59,270 --> 00:21:04,380
+forty-four, forty-How do we know that the blue
+
+332
+00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:07,020
+meridian is the weakest? Because its focus is
+
+333
+00:21:07,020 --> 00:21:09,180
+coming to the back, its focus is coming to the
+
+334
+00:21:09,180 --> 00:21:12,100
+back Now if we ask ourselves a question, of course
+
+335
+00:21:12,100 --> 00:21:15,680
+here the picture is clear I shortened it to
+
+336
+00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:18,680
+meridian 1 which is the horizontal meridian and
+
+337
+00:21:18,680 --> 00:21:21,420
+shortened it to a single ray of light from the
+
+338
+00:21:21,420 --> 00:21:25,940
+point The point will send millions of light rays
+
+339
+00:21:25,940 --> 00:21:29,520
+in all directions Some of the light rays will
+
+340
+00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:36,140
+enterin the horizontal meridian and some rays will
+
+341
+00:21:36,140 --> 00:21:42,760
+enter the vertical meridian I will delete now
+
+342
+00:21:42,760 --> 00:21:50,240
+what
+
+343
+00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:53,040
+entered in the horizontal meridian which is the
+
+344
+00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:57,440
+meridian that I drew in blue and I will replace it
+
+345
+00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:02,950
+withThe belt that started from the same point and
+
+346
+00:22:02,950 --> 00:22:07,470
+which will enter in
+
+347
+00:22:07,470 --> 00:22:10,750
+the
+
+348
+00:22:10,750 --> 00:22:16,670
+vertical meridian in the vertical meridian coming
+
+349
+00:22:16,670 --> 00:22:19,870
+from the same point, this is another belt
+
+350
+00:22:27,970 --> 00:22:31,870
+لتدخل في العدسة بس من خلال ال meridian العمودي
+
+351
+00:22:31,870 --> 00:22:37,910
+يعني في حزمة نصيبة هتدخل في ال meridian الأفقي، في
+
+352
+00:22:37,910 --> 00:22:44,300
+حزمة هتدخل في ال meridian العمودي، في حزمة ضوئيةIt
+
+353
+00:22:44,300 --> 00:22:47,200
+will enter in the oblique meridian, there is a
+
+354
+00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:49,260
+light band that will enter in the second oblique
+
+355
+00:22:49,260 --> 00:22:52,480
+meridian and so on, that is, each meridian will
+
+356
+00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:58,840
+reach a part and a part of the
+
+357
+00:22:58,840 --> 00:23:02,340
+light band starting from the same point, starting
+
+358
+00:23:02,340 --> 00:23:04,160
+from the same point and so on
+
+359
+00:23:09,650 --> 00:23:13,050
+It will break these rays and change its direction
+
+360
+00:23:13,050 --> 00:23:14,790
+according to its force. According to its force.
+
+361
+00:23:15,650 --> 00:23:20,010
+What simplifies the matter is that we must look at
+
+362
+00:23:20,010 --> 00:23:22,870
+each meridian as if it is a fixed lens in itself.
+
+363
+00:23:22,990 --> 00:23:24,950
+Why? Because its force differs from the force of
+
+364
+00:23:24,950 --> 00:23:28,530
+the other meridian. It is as if this light band,
+
+365
+00:23:28,710 --> 00:23:32,650
+for example, enters a lens with a force of, for
+
+366
+00:23:32,650 --> 00:23:38,700
+example, 40 diopters.شوف المنظر كيف صار عندى هنا،
+
+367
+00:23:38,700 --> 00:23:42,120
+هذه الحزمة دخلت في ال vertical meridian، نفرض قوت
+
+368
+00:23:42,120 --> 00:23:46,300
+ال vertical meridian خمسة و أربعين ديوبطة، خمسة و
+
+369
+00:23:46,300 --> 00:23:51,940
+أربعين ديوبطة، فبالتالي كأنه هذه الحزمة اللى
+
+370
+00:23:51,940 --> 00:23:56,400
+مرسومة باللون الأبيض، يعني دخلت من خلال عدسة قوتها
+
+371
+00:23:56,400 --> 00:23:59,870
+خمسة و أربعين ديوبطةطب الحزمة الأولى اللى رسمناها
+
+372
+00:23:59,870 --> 00:24:02,850
+كنا رسمينها أشعة حمرا ودخلت في ال horizontal
+
+373
+00:24:02,850 --> 00:24:06,490
+meridian ال horizontal meridian مثلا قوته تسعة و
+
+374
+00:24:06,490 --> 00:24:10,150
+تلاتين ديوبتر إذا كأنها دخلت في عدسة قوتها تسعة و
+
+375
+00:24:10,150 --> 00:24:14,510
+تلاتين ديوبتر حزمة تالتة دخلت في meridian oblique
+
+376
+00:24:14,510 --> 00:24:18,450
+قوته تلاتة و أربعين ديوبتر إذا كأنها دخلة لحالة في
+
+377
+00:24:18,450 --> 00:24:23,370
+عدسة فبتعامل مع كل meridian على حدها الآن لو حكينا
+
+378
+00:24:23,370 --> 00:24:31,050
+أو يعني سألنا نفسنا سؤاليا ترى كيف رحلة الدوق بعد
+
+379
+00:24:31,050 --> 00:24:37,450
+العدسة؟ الدوق انطلق من نقطة واحدة، يعني مصدر الدوق
+
+380
+00:24:37,450 --> 00:24:42,480
+وام الدوق نقطة واحدةدخل في عدسة، بس هذه العدسة إلا
+
+381
+00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:46,860
+خصوصية، ليست sphere، ليست sphere، لا بقدر أقول
+
+382
+00:24:46,860 --> 00:24:51,400
+عنها plus sphere ولا minus sphere، إنما هذه عدسة
+
+383
+00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:56,060
+متعددة الانحناقات، يعني ال vertical meridian فيها
+
+384
+00:24:56,060 --> 00:25:00,080
+منحني، اللي بعده منحني أقل منه، اللي بعده منحني
+
+385
+00:25:00,080 --> 00:25:04,480
+أقل منه، أقل منه، أقل منه، أو هو منحني اللي بعده
+
+386
+00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:08,220
+أكتر منه، اللي بعده أكتر منه، أكتر منهوفي انحناء
+
+387
+00:25:08,220 --> 00:25:13,700
+منتظم بيزيد أو بيقل بس ال meridians مالهاش نفس
+
+388
+00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:21,920
+الانحناء ده لو حكينا كالقاعدة أول سؤال ما هو مصير
+
+389
+00:25:21,920 --> 00:25:28,860
+الضوء اللي دخل في مناطق من العدسة مختلفة القوةوين
+
+390
+00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:34,180
+هيعملي focus، إيش شكل ال image، إيش ال .. ال ..
+
+391
+00:25:34,180 --> 00:25:38,130
+الرحلة الفرارية بتاعة الضوء بعد العدسةIt is known
+
+392
+00:25:38,130 --> 00:25:40,530
+that if this is a sphere, if this is a sphere,
+
+393
+00:25:41,010 --> 00:25:43,510
+where does the light enter? Whether it enters from
+
+394
+00:25:43,510 --> 00:25:45,910
+the vertical meridian, or the horizontal meridian,
+
+395
+00:25:46,050 --> 00:25:48,990
+or the oblique meridian, it will enter from areas
+
+396
+00:25:48,990 --> 00:25:51,750
+of equal strength, and therefore it will gather
+
+397
+00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:55,590
+all in one point, and this point is received on a
+
+398
+00:25:55,590 --> 00:25:58,530
+screen or on a receipt paper, and I say I received
+
+399
+00:25:58,530 --> 00:26:00,910
+the image, and this is the focus of the image.
+
+400
+00:26:01,370 --> 00:26:09,530
+Okay, if I have a lens, I can consider itمزام يعني
+
+401
+00:26:09,530 --> 00:26:14,510
+مجازا بقدر اعتبره كأنها عدسات متعددة في عدسة واحدة
+
+402
+00:26:14,870 --> 00:26:17,110
+One is weak, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+403
+00:26:17,110 --> 00:26:23,230
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+404
+00:26:23,230 --> 00:26:24,410
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+405
+00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:24,410
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+406
+00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:24,410
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+407
+00:26:24,410 --> 00:26:26,230
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+408
+00:26:26,230 --> 00:26:26,530
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+409
+00:26:26,530 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+410
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+411
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+412
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+413
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+414
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+415
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,550
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+416
+00:26:26,550 --> 00:26:26,650
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+417
+00:26:26,650 --> 00:26:26,650
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+418
+00:26:26,650 --> 00:26:26,830
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+419
+00:26:26,830 --> 00:26:28,830
+is stronger, one is stronger, one is stronger, one
+
+420
+00:26:28,830 --> 00:26:32,490
+is stronger, one is stronger,
+
+421
+00:26:38,650 --> 00:26:43,150
+أو لأن في عندي multiple foci عندي طالما قوة مختلفة
+
+422
+00:26:43,150 --> 00:26:47,750
+إذا هذا ال meridian هيجمع الأشعة في منطقة ما و هذا
+
+423
+00:26:47,750 --> 00:26:50,650
+ال meridian هيجمع الأشعة في منطقة ما و هذا هيجمع
+
+424
+00:26:50,650 --> 00:26:55,690
+.. ما هو الشكل الفراغي للصورة العلماء لما درسوا
+
+425
+00:26:55,690 --> 00:27:01,610
+هذا الكلام وجدوا إنه أول حاجة الشكل الفراغي للصورة
+
+426
+00:27:01,610 --> 00:27:08,930
+إن في عندي two focal linesone suitable for the
+
+427
+00:27:08,930 --> 00:27:11,710
+vertical meridian force and one suitable for the
+
+428
+00:27:11,710 --> 00:27:14,410
+horizontal meridian force of course, the direction
+
+429
+00:27:14,410 --> 00:27:18,310
+of the focal line, not the focal point, the
+
+430
+00:27:18,310 --> 00:27:23,740
+vertical direction of the meridianتجاهه عمودي على
+
+431
+00:27:23,740 --> 00:27:27,380
+اتجاه ال meridian بتاعه، بمعنى آخر، هاي أنا عندي
+
+432
+00:27:27,380 --> 00:27:29,960
+ال horizontal meridian، وقولنا ال horizontal
+
+433
+00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:33,680
+meridian مرسوم باللون الأحمر، وهو الأقوى، وعشان
+
+434
+00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:40,570
+هيك ال focal line بتاعهأقرب أقرب focus أقرب focus
+
+435
+00:27:40,570 --> 00:27:44,130
+يعني هنا لو جيت أتلقى الصورة هنا هيطلع عندي line
+
+436
+00:27:44,130 --> 00:27:48,250
+هي point هي point ال object point بس أنا هتلقاه
+
+437
+00:27:48,250 --> 00:27:54,710
+بشكل line بشكل line تمام؟ طيب هذا ال line عمودي
+
+438
+00:27:54,710 --> 00:27:57,370
+على اتجاه ال meridian ال meridian أفقي ال line
+
+439
+00:27:57,370 --> 00:28:00,860
+عموديOkay, the weakest meridian, as long as this
+
+440
+00:28:00,860 --> 00:28:02,880
+is the strongest, the weakest meridian will be
+
+441
+00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:06,120
+vertical on it We study the regular astigmatism,
+
+442
+00:28:06,420 --> 00:28:11,400
+which is the regular astigmatism Okay, this is the
+
+443
+00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:13,660
+weakest meridian, which is vertical, so its focus
+
+444
+00:28:13,660 --> 00:28:17,200
+will be delayed As long as this is vertical, this
+
+445
+00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:18,380
+is supposed to be drawn, here is a mistake in
+
+446
+00:28:18,380 --> 00:28:21,860
+drawing, a blue horizontal line is supposed to be
+
+447
+00:28:21,860 --> 00:28:24,640
+drawn A blue horizontal line, this is the focal
+
+448
+00:28:24,640 --> 00:28:28,320
+line, if I come and click on the pictureبتاعة
+
+449
+00:28:28,320 --> 00:28:34,520
+العدسة ككل هلاقيها في المكان هذا بشكل خط أفقي طبعا
+
+450
+00:28:34,520 --> 00:28:38,300
+احنا بنقول لون أزرق هو .. هو خط أفقي مضيق لا أزرق
+
+451
+00:28:38,300 --> 00:28:41,760
+ولا أحمر بس هنا لتمييز ال meridians لتمييز ال
+
+452
+00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:45,960
+meridians فبالتالي لو إجيت أطلق الصورة هنا هلاقي
+
+453
+00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:50,980
+خط أفقي مستعرض هذا هو ال focus بتاع أو .. أو البعد
+
+454
+00:28:50,980 --> 00:28:54,680
+بتاع ال focus بتاع ال vertical meridian طب لو إجيت
+
+455
+00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:59,030
+أطلق الصورة بينهموجدوا العلماء إن الصورة بينهم
+
+456
+00:28:59,030 --> 00:29:05,370
+إلها أشكال متعددة في مجموعها فراغيا .. فراغيا في
+
+457
+00:29:05,370 --> 00:29:11,530
+مجموعة بيسموها Conoid of Sternconoid of stern اللي
+
+458
+00:29:11,530 --> 00:29:17,390
+هو الشكل الفراغي للصورة اللتي تصنعها ال astigmatic
+
+459
+00:29:17,390 --> 00:29:21,670
+lens الشكل الفراغي للصورة اللي بتصنعها ال
+
+460
+00:29:21,670 --> 00:29:25,650
+astigmatic lens الآن نيجي نقول .. بس نعرف إيش ال
+
+461
+00:29:25,650 --> 00:29:33,070
+conoid of stern conoid of
+
+462
+00:29:33,070 --> 00:29:33,770
+stern
+
+463
+00:29:40,460 --> 00:29:46,500
+عرفه باللغة العربية عشان الامر أسهل الشكل الفراغي
+
+464
+00:29:46,500 --> 00:29:51,700
+للصورة
+
+465
+00:29:51,700 --> 00:29:56,540
+التي تصنعها
+
+466
+00:29:56,540 --> 00:30:01,140
+العدسة
+
+467
+00:30:01,140 --> 00:30:09,100
+that الastigmatism المنتظر اللي هو الastigmatism
+
+468
+00:30:15,410 --> 00:30:19,110
+لو جينا نعرفه بالانجليزي اللي هو ال three
+
+469
+00:30:19,110 --> 00:30:28,370
+-dimensional image
+
+470
+00:30:28,370 --> 00:30:32,250
+of the astigmatic lens
+
+471
+00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:40,390
+وهنا لازم احنا نقول او نتوقف قليلا عشان نفهم
+
+472
+00:30:40,390 --> 00:30:44,030
+بالضبط اشي المقصود ب three dimensional image of
+
+473
+00:30:44,030 --> 00:30:59,010
+the astigmatic lens لو احنا خرجنا ليه رؤية Okay
+
+474
+00:30:59,010 --> 00:31:01,610
+guys here's our basic lab setup for this week We
+
+475
+00:31:01,610 --> 00:31:04,870
+have our optical bench with our elements on it We
+
+476
+00:31:04,870 --> 00:31:07,370
+have a light box over here to the left.
+
+477
+00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:30,600
+cylindrical lens or sphero cylindrical lens, I can
+
+478
+00:31:30,600 --> 00:31:34,840
+use two cylindrical lenses two cylindrical lenses
+
+479
+00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:40,540
+to work as if they are sphero cylindrical lens or
+
+480
+00:31:40,540 --> 00:31:45,240
+plano cylindrical lens now we want to take a
+
+481
+00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:48,880
+picture in space these two lenses let me stop for
+
+482
+00:31:48,880 --> 00:31:53,080
+a moment these
+
+483
+00:31:53,080 --> 00:32:00,750
+two lensesهيقوم مقامهيقوموا مقام ال astigmatic
+
+484
+00:32:00,750 --> 00:32:05,110
+lens astigmatic lens يعني lens فيها astigmatism
+
+485
+00:32:05,110 --> 00:32:10,450
+صورتها مش زي صورة ال spherical lens ال astigmatic
+
+486
+00:32:10,450 --> 00:32:14,330
+lens هذا meridian بختلف عن هذا ال meridian بختلف
+
+487
+00:32:14,330 --> 00:32:16,830
+عن هذا ال meridian بختلف عن هذا ال meridian في
+
+488
+00:32:16,830 --> 00:32:21,170
+القوة و ال meridians الأقوى و الأضعف بينهم زاوية
+
+489
+00:32:21,170 --> 00:32:25,830
+تسعين درجة الآن هذه معمليا معمليا
+
+490
+00:32:29,460 --> 00:32:33,780
+يمكن باستعمال عدة عدسات أحصل على ال stigmaic lens
+
+491
+00:32:34,360 --> 00:32:38,140
+ممكن استعمل two cylinders المهم بده أشوف إيش الشكل
+
+492
+00:32:38,140 --> 00:32:42,620
+الفراغي إيه اللي هيتكون لضوء في الهواء طبعا لازم
+
+493
+00:32:42,620 --> 00:32:48,520
+أنا أطلق الشكل الفراغي هذا مقاطعه على التوالي
+
+494
+00:32:48,520 --> 00:32:53,020
+بقدرش أشوفه في الهواء مرة واحدة بقدرش أشوفه في
+
+495
+00:32:53,020 --> 00:32:57,220
+الهواء مرة واحدة أنا هرجع شوية و أقول الشكل
+
+496
+00:32:57,220 --> 00:33:01,860
+الفراغي اللي هو ال conoid of a star اللي حكينا عنه
+
+497
+00:33:02,490 --> 00:33:06,690
+It is the spatial shape of the image, from length,
+
+498
+00:33:06,870 --> 00:33:10,550
+from length,
+
+499
+00:33:10,550 --> 00:33:14,970
+if I come to this picture, it will be white, but
+
+500
+00:33:14,970 --> 00:33:18,790
+it will be very complex, here less complex, less
+
+501
+00:33:18,790 --> 00:33:22,250
+complex, less complex, this is the first focal
+
+502
+00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:26,430
+line, this first focal line is away from the lens,
+
+503
+00:33:27,070 --> 00:33:30,350
+a distance appropriate to the strongest meridian
+
+504
+00:33:30,350 --> 00:33:39,030
+focus,الان من هنا لهنا بسموه stern interval stern
+
+505
+00:33:39,030 --> 00:33:43,210
+interval or conoid of stern لإن شكله بيشبه المخروض
+
+506
+00:33:43,210 --> 00:33:46,510
+lineThen if you move away a little bit, you will
+
+507
+00:33:46,510 --> 00:33:50,170
+catch it. Of course, this is formed in space. The
+
+508
+00:33:50,170 --> 00:33:53,710
+light that comes out of the astigmatic lens will
+
+509
+00:33:53,710 --> 00:33:57,710
+happen to be a white cut. All the light that
+
+510
+00:33:57,710 --> 00:34:00,490
+entered all the meridians and came out of them
+
+511
+00:34:00,490 --> 00:34:04,960
+will be a white cut and it flows in space.Then, by
+
+512
+00:34:04,960 --> 00:34:08,780
+the way, but less height, the height is going
+
+513
+00:34:08,780 --> 00:34:11,920
+down, here the height is high, which I indicate on
+
+514
+00:34:11,920 --> 00:34:14,880
+it, here the height is less, this is a section in
+
+515
+00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:16,940
+the light that came out of the lens and will form
+
+516
+00:34:16,940 --> 00:34:20,500
+the image, here is another section less height,
+
+517
+00:34:20,700 --> 00:34:23,860
+less height, the height became zero, here focus,
+
+518
+00:34:25,200 --> 00:34:29,990
+so the point that issueda different light band,
+
+519
+00:34:30,170 --> 00:34:33,130
+and each band entered meridian, and each light
+
+520
+00:34:33,130 --> 00:34:38,950
+band became a line, a focal line, a faced focal
+
+521
+00:34:38,950 --> 00:34:42,550
+line. Okay, if I want to see these words, I can't
+
+522
+00:34:42,550 --> 00:34:45,330
+see them in the air, like this, in three
+
+523
+00:34:45,330 --> 00:34:49,250
+dimensions, without having a receipt. So, I'm
+
+524
+00:34:49,250 --> 00:34:50,930
+going to put the receipt here, I'm going to see
+
+525
+00:34:50,930 --> 00:34:53,450
+this view, I'm going to put it away a little bit,
+
+526
+00:34:53,490 --> 00:34:56,230
+I'm going to see that the focal line has turned
+
+527
+00:34:56,230 --> 00:35:00,910
+into a line,All the rays of all the meridians, the
+
+528
+00:35:00,910 --> 00:35:03,190
+strongest and the weakest and the middle power and
+
+529
+00:35:03,190 --> 00:35:07,730
+everything between them all gathered themselves in
+
+530
+00:35:07,730 --> 00:35:10,690
+a focal line Then it started to spread again, it
+
+531
+00:35:10,690 --> 00:35:14,410
+gave me an oval shape, then we reached a point
+
+532
+00:35:14,410 --> 00:35:18,270
+where it became a circle shapeهذه بيسموها circle
+
+533
+00:35:18,270 --> 00:35:22,050
+of least confusion، هنا أوضح صورة ممكنة
+
+534
+00:35:22,050 --> 00:35:26,450
+للـstigmatic lens، لأن كل ال meridians بتكون ال
+
+535
+00:35:26,450 --> 00:35:30,070
+focus تاعة عبارة عن دائرة و كأنها تشبه النقطة
+
+536
+00:35:30,070 --> 00:35:34,430
+المضيقة، بس حجمها أكبر من النقطةI became here, I
+
+537
+00:35:34,430 --> 00:35:37,850
+have an oval shape, but vertical on this oval
+
+538
+00:35:37,850 --> 00:35:41,530
+shape, I raise the oval shape, then of course here
+
+539
+00:35:41,530 --> 00:35:44,070
+its height is more or its width is more, width is
+
+540
+00:35:44,070 --> 00:35:46,290
+less, then I became without width, I mean I
+
+541
+00:35:46,290 --> 00:35:49,970
+became, I have a focal line again, vertical on the
+
+542
+00:35:49,970 --> 00:35:54,450
+first one After that, it continues that I have, I
+
+543
+00:35:54,450 --> 00:35:57,390
+mean the rays scatter again, here is the place of
+
+544
+00:35:57,390 --> 00:36:02,280
+the image, here is the place of the imagewhich is
+
+545
+00:36:02,280 --> 00:36:08,100
+the light, its accumulation and its attempt to
+
+546
+00:36:08,100 --> 00:36:10,360
+form the image after passing through the
+
+547
+00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:13,840
+astigmatic lens gives me a hollow shape which we
+
+548
+00:36:13,840 --> 00:36:16,980
+call a conoid of stern or stern interval. Now we
+
+549
+00:36:16,980 --> 00:36:19,260
+want to see it, of course, we cannot see it with
+
+550
+00:36:19,260 --> 00:36:22,280
+the naked eye unless we print each piece of it on
+
+551
+00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:26,500
+the paper of the printer. Now we want to go back
+
+552
+00:36:26,500 --> 00:36:29,640
+and see the experiment together and say as follows
+
+553
+00:36:31,010 --> 00:36:33,550
+This is a preparation to prepare the astigmatic
+
+554
+00:36:33,550 --> 00:36:33,990
+lens.
+
+555
+00:36:36,990 --> 00:36:39,470
+This is the white shape just before the first
+
+556
+00:36:39,470 --> 00:36:40,310
+focal line.
+
+557
+00:36:43,990 --> 00:36:46,010
+This starts to move away from the reception paper.
+
+558
+00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:51,050
+This is the first focal line. This is the first
+
+559
+00:36:51,050 --> 00:36:54,430
+focal line. Now we have reached the circle of
+
+560
+00:36:54,430 --> 00:36:57,850
+least confusion. This is the second focal line
+
+561
+00:36:57,850 --> 00:36:58,730
+vertical to the first.
+
+562
+00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:06,980
+Then, let's go back again, this is the first focal
+
+563
+00:37:06,980 --> 00:37:10,840
+line. Now I just need to stop at a point to
+
+564
+00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:11,460
+explain it.
+
+565
+00:37:15,310 --> 00:37:17,850
+هي ال first focal line .. هى ال first focal line
+
+566
+00:37:17,850 --> 00:37:22,490
+طالما ال first focal line عمودي .. أفقي معناته
+
+567
+00:37:22,490 --> 00:37:25,670
+أقوى meridian هو عمودي لإن بنقول first focal line
+
+568
+00:37:25,670 --> 00:37:30,110
+يعني أقرب focal line للعدسة .. للعدسة طبعا هنا هو
+
+569
+00:37:30,110 --> 00:37:36,320
+استعمل عدستين بس ..Some lenses use two lenses to
+
+570
+00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:40,500
+better clarify the experience. As long as the
+
+571
+00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:45,700
+first focal line is horizontal, then the vertical
+
+572
+00:37:45,700 --> 00:37:50,280
+meridian is stronger. Now it started to turn
+
+573
+00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:56,120
+white. Yes, white. He hurried up a bit here.
+
+574
+00:37:59,150 --> 00:38:01,410
+So those are my three marker locations within SAT.
+
+575
+00:38:01,750 --> 00:38:06,530
+This is the first focal line. This is the second
+
+576
+00:38:06,530 --> 00:38:10,430
+focal line. Here between them is the circle of
+
+577
+00:38:10,430 --> 00:38:12,410
+least confusion. As you can see, the board moves
+
+578
+00:38:12,410 --> 00:38:16,010
+forward by G and back. So if we imagine what is
+
+579
+00:38:16,010 --> 00:38:20,080
+the three-dimensional spatial shape,The first
+
+580
+00:38:20,080 --> 00:38:23,580
+focal line, for example, horizontal, then if we go
+
+581
+00:38:23,580 --> 00:38:25,560
+back a little bit, move away from the lens a
+
+582
+00:38:25,560 --> 00:38:28,720
+little bit, it will become oval, also horizontal,
+
+583
+00:38:29,180 --> 00:38:32,500
+oval, horizontal oval, then circle of least
+
+584
+00:38:32,500 --> 00:38:38,420
+confusion, then vertical oval, then vertical focal
+
+585
+00:38:38,420 --> 00:38:43,920
+line, as we see in the experiment This is the
+
+586
+00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:47,340
+second focal line, focal line which is vertical
+
+587
+00:38:52,390 --> 00:38:54,110
+Let's go back to this setup again, just to make
+
+588
+00:38:54,110 --> 00:38:56,250
+sure we're clear. Again, the idea is that these
+
+589
+00:38:56,250 --> 00:38:57,910
+lenses are not touching each other, so we can't
+
+590
+00:38:57,910 --> 00:38:59,690
+add them up directly just by saying the power of
+
+591
+00:38:59,690 --> 00:39:01,930
+lens 1 plus the power of lens 2 is your total
+
+592
+00:39:01,930 --> 00:39:04,390
+power. You have to figure out what version of
+
+593
+00:39:04,390 --> 00:39:22,370
+these lenses...
+
+594
+00:39:23,240 --> 00:39:26,460
+two that you add to the power of two to figure out
+
+595
+00:39:26,460 --> 00:39:29,240
+what the power is for each meridian. Since we have
+
+596
+00:39:29,240 --> 00:39:32,580
+a plano and one meridian for the cylinder and a
+
+597
+00:39:32,580 --> 00:39:33,960
+minus for the power unit.
+
+598
+00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:58,500
+بحيث يعطوني astigmatic lens .. astigmatic lens هنا
+
+599
+00:39:58,500 --> 00:40:02,160
+بنتهي هذا ال .. ال .. ال video لهادي القضية، اذا
+
+600
+00:40:02,160 --> 00:40:07,040
+في عندى الconoid of a stern هو عبارة عن الشكل
+
+601
+00:40:07,040 --> 00:40:15,480
+الفراغي لضوء بعد خروجه من ..من ال astigmatic lens
+
+602
+00:40:15,480 --> 00:40:18,180
+في منطقة ال image بتاعته، في منطقة ال image
+
+603
+00:40:18,180 --> 00:40:21,780
+بتاعته، إذا الشكل الفراغي للصورة التي تصنعها
+
+604
+00:40:21,780 --> 00:40:24,620
+العدسة ذات ال astigmatism المنتظم أو ال three
+
+605
+00:40:24,620 --> 00:40:28,120
+-dimensional image of the astigmatic lens وطبعا
+
+606
+00:40:28,120 --> 00:40:32,080
+أنا عشان أشوفه و بشوفوش مرة واحدة لازم أتلقى مقطع
+
+607
+00:40:32,080 --> 00:40:36,380
+مقطع و عبارة عن two focal lines are formed .. ده
+
+608
+00:40:36,380 --> 00:40:40,480
+complicateda geometric envelope of a pencil of
+
+609
+00:40:40,480 --> 00:40:45,040
+light rays emanating from a single point source of
+
+610
+00:40:45,040 --> 00:40:48,340
+refracted and refracted by a spherocylindrical
+
+611
+00:40:48,340 --> 00:40:52,800
+lens is called the conoid of Stern and what this
+
+612
+00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:56,960
+view shows me is the first focal line if after the
+
+613
+00:40:56,960 --> 00:41:02,030
+first focal line I take a vertical ovalthen it
+
+614
+00:41:02,030 --> 00:41:05,470
+will find the circle of least confusion, then it
+
+615
+00:41:05,470 --> 00:41:07,910
+will become a horizontal oval, and then it will
+
+616
+00:41:07,910 --> 00:41:13,250
+become a horizontal focal line, this is called
+
+617
+00:41:13,250 --> 00:41:17,810
+interval of stern or conoid of stern, here the
+
+618
+00:41:17,810 --> 00:41:19,950
+first focal line which is closest to the lens and
+
+619
+00:41:19,950 --> 00:41:23,930
+the second focal line which is farthest from the
+
+620
+00:41:23,930 --> 00:41:28,790
+lens, which is farthest fromالعدسة طبعا هنا أيضا
+
+621
+00:41:28,790 --> 00:41:32,490
+صورة توضحية، هاي ال first focal line، هاي ال
+
+622
+00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:34,970
+second focal line، هاي ال circle of least
+
+623
+00:41:34,970 --> 00:41:39,030
+confusion، ال circle of least confusion، الان ضل
+
+624
+00:41:39,030 --> 00:41:43,070
+بس نحكي انه ال conoid of stern has two focal lines
+
+625
+00:41:43,070 --> 00:41:46,550
+each parallel to one of the principal meridians of
+
+626
+00:41:46,550 --> 00:41:49,940
+the spherocylindrical lensAll the rays in the
+
+627
+00:41:49,940 --> 00:41:52,980
+pencil pass through each of the focal lines
+
+628
+00:42:09,260 --> 00:42:12,840
+The cross-section of the conoid of a stern vary in
+
+629
+00:42:12,840 --> 00:42:21,480
+shape along
+
+630
+00:42:21,480 --> 00:42:24,740
+its
+
+631
+00:42:24,740 --> 00:42:30,240
+length but are generally elliptical
+
+632
+00:42:37,300 --> 00:42:41,960
+At the dioptric mean of
+
+633
+00:42:41,960 --> 00:42:44,700
+the focal lines, there is a cross-section of the
+
+634
+00:42:44,700 --> 00:42:48,540
+conoid of a stern that is circular We want to
+
+635
+00:42:48,540 --> 00:42:50,720
+understand what is at the dioptric mean Let's go
+
+636
+00:42:50,720 --> 00:42:55,140
+back here and say as follows This
+
+637
+00:42:55,140 --> 00:42:59,320
+lens is a spherocylindrical lens or they call it a
+
+638
+00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:04,340
+stigmatic lens A stigmatic lens means that the
+
+639
+00:43:04,340 --> 00:43:07,790
+meridians in it are not united by forceWhat does
+
+640
+00:43:07,790 --> 00:43:11,990
+diopteric mean? What does diopteric mean? It means
+
+641
+00:43:11,990 --> 00:43:16,290
+the average strength .. average strength of all
+
+642
+00:43:16,290 --> 00:43:22,690
+meridians Okay, let's say here as usual Let's say
+
+643
+00:43:22,690 --> 00:43:30,890
+here its strength plus 44 diopters plus 44 plus 44
+
+644
+00:43:30,890 --> 00:43:32,810
+diopters for example
+
+645
+00:43:35,340 --> 00:43:47,700
+ال meridian اللي بعده قوته plus 43 ال
+
+646
+00:43:47,700 --> 00:43:54,540
+meridian اللي بعده plus
+
+647
+00:43:54,540 --> 00:44:01,340
+42 ال
+
+648
+00:44:01,340 --> 00:44:02,420
+meridian اللي بعده
+
+649
+00:44:06,560 --> 00:44:13,900
+plus 41 meridian
+
+650
+00:44:13,900 --> 00:44:25,120
+horizontal plus 40 what
+
+651
+00:44:25,120 --> 00:44:30,280
+is diopteric mean? it is the average power of the
+
+652
+00:44:30,280 --> 00:44:37,630
+meridianاربع واربعين زائد تلاتة واربعين زائد ..
+
+653
+00:44:37,630 --> 00:44:45,630
+عفوا .. زائد اتنين واربعين زائد واحد واربعين ..
+
+654
+00:44:45,630 --> 00:44:53,790
+عفوا .. واحد واربعين زائد اربعين واجسمهم كلهم على
+
+655
+00:44:53,790 --> 00:44:58,170
+خمسة لإن هم خمسة meridian Forty-four and forty
+
+656
+00:44:58,170 --> 00:45:00,530
+-three and forty-two and forty-one and forty-four
+
+657
+00:45:00,530 --> 00:45:04,250
+and forty-five per one, two, three, four, five.
+
+658
+00:45:04,370 --> 00:45:06,250
+Let's go to the calculator and calculate it. Let's
+
+659
+00:45:06,250 --> 00:45:06,550
+see.
+
+660
+00:45:16,170 --> 00:45:21,230
+Let's say here forty-four Forty
+
+661
+00:45:21,230 --> 00:45:32,920
+-four plus forty-threeزائد اتنين واربعين زائد واحد
+
+662
+00:45:32,920 --> 00:45:44,620
+واربعين زائد اربعين يساوي تقسيم كامسة ويساوي،
+
+663
+00:45:44,620 --> 00:45:49,040
+بتطلع عندي المتوسط اتنين واربعين، المتوسط اتنين
+
+664
+00:45:49,040 --> 00:45:53,040
+واربعين طيب، الآن ال regular astigmatism ريحني،
+
+665
+00:45:53,040 --> 00:45:57,640
+جالي لا تجمع ولا تجسم، بس codeThe largest meridian
+
+666
+00:45:57,640 --> 00:45:59,920
+in force and the smallest meridian in force, add
+
+667
+00:45:59,920 --> 00:46:04,400
+them together to get 44 and 40 and 84 Divide them
+
+668
+00:46:04,400 --> 00:46:10,100
+by 2 to get 42 44 which is the strongest meridian,
+
+669
+00:46:10,160 --> 00:46:18,380
+and the weakest meridian is 210 Divide
+
+670
+00:46:18,380 --> 00:46:22,060
+them by 5 to get 42
+
+671
+00:46:24,120 --> 00:46:28,380
+Also if I add 44 which is the strongest meridian
+
+672
+00:46:28,380 --> 00:46:32,840
+plus 40 which is the weakest meridian, it becomes
+
+673
+00:46:32,840 --> 00:46:38,900
+84 If we multiply them by 2, we get the same thing
+
+674
+00:46:38,900 --> 00:46:42,880
+which is 42 diopters So far, this is the Dioptric
+
+675
+00:46:42,880 --> 00:46:45,700
+mean What is its relation to the circle of least
+
+676
+00:46:45,700 --> 00:46:49,320
+confusion? We say as follows, its relation is very
+
+677
+00:46:49,320 --> 00:46:56,280
+simpleلو العدسة .. لو العدسة مش astigmatic lens
+
+678
+00:46:56,280 --> 00:47:01,580
+وإنما spherical lens، لو العدسة هاي مش astigmatic
+
+679
+00:47:01,580 --> 00:47:07,000
+lens وإنما spherical lens قوتها 42 ديوبتر، ساعتها
+
+680
+00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:11,620
+هي هتعطيني صورة أو focus في منطقة ال circle of
+
+681
+00:47:11,620 --> 00:47:16,200
+least confusionThe lens that was made for the
+
+682
+00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:18,080
+Conoid of Sturm, as long as it was made for the
+
+683
+00:47:18,080 --> 00:47:20,100
+Conoid of Sturm, then this is a stigmatic lens
+
+684
+00:47:20,100 --> 00:47:23,420
+Because the spherical lens, the usual lens that we
+
+685
+00:47:23,420 --> 00:47:27,520
+study all the time, is a normal spherical lens So
+
+686
+00:47:27,520 --> 00:47:30,500
+when we say plus five, this is negative, all the
+
+687
+00:47:30,500 --> 00:47:32,420
+meridians, this is five, this is five, this is
+
+688
+00:47:32,420 --> 00:47:33,620
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five,
+
+689
+00:47:33,620 --> 00:47:33,620
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is
+
+690
+00:47:33,620 --> 00:47:33,620
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five,
+
+691
+00:47:33,620 --> 00:47:34,280
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is
+
+692
+00:47:34,280 --> 00:47:34,360
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five,
+
+693
+00:47:34,360 --> 00:47:35,140
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is
+
+694
+00:47:35,140 --> 00:47:35,200
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five,
+
+695
+00:47:35,980 --> 00:47:43,100
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is
+
+696
+00:47:43,100 --> 00:47:43,100
+five, this is five, this is five, this is five,
+
+697
+00:47:43,100 --> 00:47:43,100
+this is five, this is five, this is five, this is
+
+698
+00:47:43,100 --> 00:47:52,380
+five,If we ask someone a question, where is
+
+699
+00:47:52,380 --> 00:47:54,740
+the circle of least confusion? Or think of the
+
+700
+00:47:54,740 --> 00:47:57,160
+circle of least confusion as its location in space
+
+701
+00:47:57,160 --> 00:48:00,320
+and say okayThis is the astigmatic lens for
+
+702
+00:48:00,320 --> 00:48:02,940
+example, the strongest meridian for example is 40
+
+703
+00:48:02,940 --> 00:48:07,700
+and the weakest meridian is 38 40 and 38 is 78
+
+704
+00:48:07,700 --> 00:48:11,960
+divided by 2 is 39, we can say that the circle of
+
+705
+00:48:11,960 --> 00:48:16,000
+least confusion will be in the same point or if we
+
+706
+00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:19,060
+imagine that this lens has a force of 39 diopters,
+
+707
+00:48:19,620 --> 00:48:20,300
+where is its focus?
+
+708
+00:48:30,660 --> 00:48:35,500
+At the dioptric mean of the focal lines, there is
+
+709
+00:48:35,500 --> 00:48:38,520
+a cross-section of the conoid of a stern that is
+
+710
+00:48:38,520 --> 00:48:42,920
+circular. This circular patch of light rays is
+
+711
+00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:46,970
+called the circle of least confusion.It represents
+
+712
+00:48:46,970 --> 00:48:50,530
+the circle of least confusion, the best overall
+
+713
+00:48:50,530 --> 00:48:54,430
+focus of the spherocylindrical lens We want to
+
+714
+00:48:54,430 --> 00:49:02,350
+understand this sentence because
+
+715
+00:49:02,350 --> 00:49:06,350
+it is very important The spherocylindrical lens
+
+716
+00:49:06,350 --> 00:49:09,830
+does not give a stigmatic image The
+
+717
+00:49:09,830 --> 00:49:12,650
+spherocylindrical lens does not give a stigmatic
+
+718
+00:49:12,650 --> 00:49:16,720
+imageBut the best picture given by the spherical
+
+719
+00:49:16,720 --> 00:49:20,560
+and cylindrical lens is in this area, in the
+
+720
+00:49:20,560 --> 00:49:24,880
+circle of least confusion, it is in this area So
+
+721
+00:49:24,880 --> 00:49:28,140
+the spherical and cylindrical lens, of course, the
+
+722
+00:49:28,140 --> 00:49:31,800
+perfect image is that the point source should be
+
+723
+00:49:31,800 --> 00:49:37,640
+pointمش هذه الأشكال المعقدة اللي لو حابيت أطلقها
+
+724
+00:49:37,640 --> 00:49:41,500
+هنا بطلعلي line، لو حابيت أطلقها هنا بطلعلي oval،
+
+725
+00:49:41,500 --> 00:49:44,700
+لو حابيت أطلقها هنا بطلعلي circle، بس بتضل هذه
+
+726
+00:49:44,700 --> 00:49:49,240
+المنطقة هي أفضل focus ممكن تعمليها ال spherical
+
+727
+00:49:49,240 --> 00:49:52,900
+cylindrical lens، ال spherical cylindrical lens،
+
+728
+00:49:52,900 --> 00:49:56,400
+it represents the best ovalIt's the best it can
+
+729
+00:49:56,400 --> 00:50:01,080
+be. But it's not the ideal. It represents the
+
+730
+00:50:01,080 --> 00:50:04,600
+best, not the ideal. The best overall focus of the
+
+731
+00:50:04,600 --> 00:50:08,220
+spherical cylindrical lens. The circle of least
+
+732
+00:50:08,220 --> 00:50:12,360
+confusion occupies the position where all the rays
+
+733
+00:50:12,360 --> 00:50:15,460
+would be brought to a focus if the lens had a
+
+734
+00:50:15,460 --> 00:50:18,460
+spherical power equal to the average spherical
+
+735
+00:50:18,460 --> 00:50:21,880
+power of all meridians of a spherical cylindrical
+
+736
+00:50:21,880 --> 00:50:23,020
+lens. A while ago,
+
+737
+00:50:27,900 --> 00:50:30,840
+This spherical cylindrical lens or the astigmatic
+
+738
+00:50:30,840 --> 00:50:32,520
+lens, if we combine the forces of all the
+
+739
+00:50:32,520 --> 00:50:37,500
+meridians and divide it into a medium If we remove
+
+740
+00:50:37,500 --> 00:50:40,320
+this lens with the different meridians and put a
+
+741
+00:50:40,320 --> 00:50:43,760
+spherical lens with a force of 42 diopters I will
+
+742
+00:50:43,760 --> 00:50:48,660
+have its focus in this region in this region in
+
+743
+00:50:48,660 --> 00:50:51,820
+this region Therefore,
+
+744
+00:50:52,380 --> 00:50:57,140
+this is the meaning of the wordThe circle of least
+
+745
+00:50:57,140 --> 00:50:57,860
+confusion
+
+746
+00:51:05,490 --> 00:51:09,830
+It was supposed to gather in a point if it was not
+
+747
+00:51:09,830 --> 00:51:14,090
+a stigmatic lens but a spherical lens If it was a
+
+748
+00:51:14,090 --> 00:51:17,090
+spherical lens equivalent to a spherocylindrical
+
+749
+00:51:17,090 --> 00:51:21,610
+lens equivalent to the average spherical power of
+
+750
+00:51:21,610 --> 00:51:24,590
+all meridians of the spherocylindrical lens
+
+751
+00:51:35,500 --> 00:51:38,640
+Its power is equal to the average power of the
+
+752
+00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:41,640
+meridians of the spherocylindrical lens This
+
+753
+00:51:41,640 --> 00:51:44,740
+average spherical power of a spherocylindrical
+
+754
+00:51:44,740 --> 00:51:53,640
+lens is called the spherical equivalent The
+
+755
+00:51:53,640 --> 00:52:00,420
+average spherical power of this lensThis is the
+
+756
+00:52:00,420 --> 00:52:02,580
+lens that I wrote on the Meridian of the Earth.
+
+757
+00:52:03,000 --> 00:52:05,500
+How much is the spherical equivalent of it? I say
+
+758
+00:52:05,500 --> 00:52:08,880
+42. What does spherical equivalent mean? What is
+
+759
+00:52:08,880 --> 00:52:11,740
+the spherical equivalent of it? Spherical
+
+760
+00:52:11,740 --> 00:52:15,080
+equivalent means spherical equivalent. This
+
+761
+00:52:15,080 --> 00:52:18,120
+astigmatic lens or spherical and cylindrical lens
+
+762
+00:52:18,120 --> 00:52:19,800
+does not need it. It needs something equivalent
+
+763
+00:52:19,800 --> 00:52:23,390
+but spherical.فبقول هي ال spherical equivalent
+
+764
+00:52:23,390 --> 00:52:27,710
+بجمع ال meridians كلهم و بجسمهم على عددهم أو بجمع
+
+765
+00:52:27,710 --> 00:52:31,590
+أقوى meridian و أضعف meridian عشان أطلع ال
+
+766
+00:52:31,590 --> 00:52:34,590
+spherical equivalent عشان أطلع ال spherical
+
+767
+00:52:34,590 --> 00:52:40,540
+equivalentهدا الـ spherical equivalent.طيب، الآن
+
+768
+00:52:40,540 --> 00:52:45,140
+في معادلة للـ spherical equivalent، the average،
+
+769
+00:52:45,140 --> 00:52:47,960
+this average spherical power of sphero cylindrical
+
+770
+00:52:47,960 --> 00:52:51,440
+lens is called the spherical equivalent of the
+
+771
+00:52:51,440 --> 00:52:54,930
+lens.It is calculated by the following
+
+772
+00:52:54,930 --> 00:52:58,750
+relationship, the spherical equivalent يساوي
+
+773
+00:52:58,750 --> 00:53:02,950
+الاسفير زائد السلندر على اتنين زائد نص السلندر
+
+774
+00:53:02,950 --> 00:53:07,470
+الاسفير زائد نص السلندر و هذا الكلام ان شاء الله
+
+775
+00:53:07,470 --> 00:53:12,090
+تعالى هنكمله في ملحق المحاضرة و يعطيكم العافية و
+
+776
+00:53:12,090 --> 00:53:14,970
+السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/9hRg88pXUZ4_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+1
+00:00:04,580 --> 00:00:08,900
+السؤال بيقول قارن بين ال optical path lengths من A
+
+2
+00:00:08,900 --> 00:00:14,730
+ل B رحلة الضوء من A؟ with the optical path length
+
+3
+00:00:14,730 --> 00:00:18,210
+in the other from C to D, that is, who among them
+
+4
+00:00:18,210 --> 00:00:19,810
+is the largest? Of course, it is clear that they
+
+5
+00:00:19,810 --> 00:00:23,750
+counted in a lot of materials, the path from A to
+
+6
+00:00:23,750 --> 00:00:26,810
+B, the light went one meter and two out of ten in
+
+7
+00:00:26,810 --> 00:00:29,090
+the air, this is the refractive index, then one
+
+8
+00:00:29,090 --> 00:00:31,090
+meter in water, this is the refractive index, then
+
+9
+00:00:31,090 --> 00:00:33,730
+one meter in glass, half a meter, excuse me, in
+
+10
+00:00:33,730 --> 00:00:35,850
+glass, which is one and a half refractive index,
+
+11
+00:00:35,950 --> 00:00:39,550
+then three meters in the air to reach B. The real
+
+12
+00:00:39,550 --> 00:00:43,540
+distance is a set of these Not the optical path
+
+13
+00:00:43,540 --> 00:00:46,540
+length, but the actual distance which is 1.2 plus
+
+14
+00:00:46,540 --> 00:00:51,720
+1 plus 1.5 plus 3 which gives me 5.7 meters that
+
+15
+00:00:51,720 --> 00:00:54,080
+the light passed through to calculate the optical
+
+16
+00:00:54,080 --> 00:00:58,780
+path length And the actual distance that the other
+
+17
+00:00:58,780 --> 00:01:00,940
+light passed through from C to D is 1 meter in the
+
+18
+00:01:00,940 --> 00:01:03,000
+air, of course this is the refractive index, half
+
+19
+00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,820
+a meter in the water, 7.10 meters in the glass, 1
+
+20
+00:01:06,820 --> 00:01:10,460
+.5 refractive index, then 2.5 meters in the air,
+
+21
+00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:13,130
+which is 1 refractive index We will calculate the
+
+22
+00:01:13,130 --> 00:01:17,910
+optical path length first Optical path length from
+
+23
+00:01:17,910 --> 00:01:22,850
+A to B is equal to each distance multiplied by the
+
+24
+00:01:22,850 --> 00:01:26,910
+refractive index 1 minus 1.2 meters divided by 1
+
+25
+00:01:26,910 --> 00:01:31,730
+is equal to 1.2 meters We will write it as 1 plus
+
+26
+00:01:31,730 --> 00:01:40,510
+1 meter multiplied by 1.3 meters plus half a meter
+
+27
+00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:52,500
+dark one and a half plus three meters in one and
+
+28
+00:01:52,500 --> 00:01:57,500
+it equals one and two out of ten meters in one
+
+29
+00:01:57,500 --> 00:02:01,580
+remains as it is plus one in one and three out of
+
+30
+00:02:01,580 --> 00:02:04,920
+ten becomes one and three out of ten meters plus
+
+31
+00:02:04,920 --> 00:02:09,380
+five out of ten in one and a half means five in
+
+32
+00:02:09,380 --> 00:02:17,650
+eighteen out of seventy-fiveمن 100 متر زائد تلاتة
+
+33
+00:02:17,650 --> 00:02:24,750
+متر في واحد تلاتة متر ويساوي اذا واحد واتنين من
+
+34
+00:02:24,750 --> 00:02:32,670
+عشرة متر وواحد وتلاتة من عشرة متر وخمسة وسبعين من
+
+35
+00:02:32,670 --> 00:02:33,490
+مية متر
+
+36
+00:02:47,110 --> 00:02:55,610
+The total is 5 here 5 and 7 is 12 3 and 3 is 6 So
+
+37
+00:02:55,610 --> 00:02:58,270
+6 and a quarter meters The first optical path
+
+38
+00:02:58,270 --> 00:03:01,590
+length is 6 and a quarter meters We will put it in
+
+39
+00:03:01,590 --> 00:03:04,790
+a box to distinguish it Now the second optical
+
+40
+00:03:04,790 --> 00:03:12,290
+path length We will calculate it In shape or blue
+
+41
+00:03:12,290 --> 00:03:19,920
+color Optical Path length which is from C to D is
+
+42
+00:03:19,920 --> 00:03:23,760
+equal to 1 meter in the air multiplied by the
+
+43
+00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:28,020
+refractive index of the air plus half a meter in
+
+44
+00:03:28,020 --> 00:03:33,240
+the water multiplied
+
+45
+00:03:33,240 --> 00:03:36,980
+by 1.3 which is the refractive index of water plus
+
+46
+00:03:36,980 --> 00:03:45,560
+7.10 meters in the glass multiplied by 1.5plus two
+
+47
+00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:50,960
+and a half meters two and a half meters in the
+
+48
+00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:54,200
+air, that is, it will be multiplied by one and
+
+49
+00:03:54,200 --> 00:04:01,700
+equals one in one in one meter plus five in
+
+50
+00:04:01,700 --> 00:04:05,820
+thirteen in sixty-five, that is, sixty-five out of
+
+51
+00:04:05,820 --> 00:04:09,940
+one hundred meters plus
+
+52
+00:04:14,470 --> 00:04:22,630
+7x15, 7x10x70, 7x5x5x5x5x5x5x5, 105, 1, 5 out of
+
+53
+00:04:22,630 --> 00:04:28,140
+100 metersWe multiply 7 by 10 which is equal to 70
+
+54
+00:04:28,140 --> 00:04:30,820
+and 7 by 5 which is equal to 35 which is equal to
+
+55
+00:04:30,820 --> 00:04:34,640
+70 and 35 which is equal to 105 And I want to
+
+56
+00:04:34,640 --> 00:04:36,200
+subtract after two decimal places which is equal
+
+57
+00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:41,220
+to one point zero five meters and two and a half
+
+58
+00:04:41,220 --> 00:04:43,220
+meters multiplied by one which is equal to two and
+
+59
+00:04:43,220 --> 00:04:46,260
+a half meters We will add them all together and
+
+60
+00:04:46,260 --> 00:04:50,520
+say one meter plus
+
+61
+00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:53,600
+sixty-five of one hundred meters
+
+62
+00:04:56,660 --> 00:05:01,840
+plus one point five
+
+63
+00:05:01,840 --> 00:05:06,320
+hundred meters plus two and a half meters plus two
+
+64
+00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:13,520
+and a half meters five and five is ten one and
+
+65
+00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:19,060
+five is six and six is twelve one two three and
+
+66
+00:05:19,060 --> 00:05:23,280
+two five meters so five meters and two is eight
+
+67
+00:05:32,490 --> 00:05:36,230
+to B and C to D, we want to say that A to B is
+
+68
+00:05:36,230 --> 00:05:38,260
+equal to B to C. This distance, which is A to B,
+
+69
+00:05:38,740 --> 00:05:41,140
+the light did not really cut it And the actual
+
+70
+00:05:41,140 --> 00:05:45,860
+distance was 5.7 meters in different materials But
+
+71
+00:05:45,860 --> 00:05:50,100
+if you leave the light to fly in the air It was in
+
+72
+00:05:50,100 --> 00:05:53,940
+the same period that it cut in these materials 5.7
+
+73
+00:05:53,940 --> 00:05:58,500
+meters If it stayed in the air only, it would have
+
+74
+00:05:58,500 --> 00:06:02,870
+cut 6.25 meters at the same time The second issue
+
+75
+00:06:02,870 --> 00:06:05,770
+or the second part of the issue, lighting actually
+
+76
+00:06:05,770 --> 00:06:08,710
+when it starts from C to D, it cuts a distance of
+
+77
+00:06:08,710 --> 00:06:13,390
+4.7 meters at a certain time. At this particular
+
+78
+00:06:13,390 --> 00:06:15,570
+time, if you leave the light to start in the air,
+
+79
+00:06:16,030 --> 00:06:19,290
+not in these materials, instead of cutting 4.7
+
+80
+00:06:19,290 --> 00:06:24,850
+meters, if it was in the air, it would cut 5.2
+
+81
+00:06:24,850 --> 00:06:28,240
+meters at the same time.So this issue is the
+
+82
+00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:31,860
+optical path length Now based on the result that
+
+83
+00:06:31,860 --> 00:06:34,880
+came out of our eyes, the first optical path
+
+84
+00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:39,640
+length is longer than the second optical path
+
+85
+00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:42,520
+length Because this is six and a quarter meters
+
+86
+00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:45,260
+and this is five and two tenths of a meter And may
+
+87
+00:06:45,260 --> 00:06:48,500
+God give you health and peace, mercy and blessings
+
+88
+00:06:48,500 --> 00:06:48,500
+of God
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/EaUP2qmuLNw_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2012 @@
+1
+00:00:02,260 --> 00:00:06,720
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنواصل محاضرات الـ
+
+2
+00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:12,200
+Geometric Optics ووصلنا لموضوع جديد تماما، مختلف
+
+3
+00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:15,700
+قليلا عن العدسات، اللي هو الـ ophthalmic prisms أو
+
+4
+00:00:15,700 --> 00:00:23,190
+المناشير اللي بتستعمل فيه أو بتستعمل لإلعينIt is
+
+5
+00:00:23,190 --> 00:00:28,310
+not a glass or glassware We say an ophthalmic
+
+6
+00:00:28,310 --> 00:00:31,890
+prism is a wedge of a transparent plastic or a
+
+7
+00:00:31,890 --> 00:00:36,350
+glass triangular with a triangular cross section
+
+8
+00:00:36,350 --> 00:00:39,990
+having an apex and base If we bring a piece of
+
+9
+00:00:39,990 --> 00:00:45,030
+plastic in a shape of a cube or an equilateral
+
+10
+00:00:45,030 --> 00:00:52,030
+rectangleوأخدنا منه حفة، يعني أشيلنا منه حفة، هذه
+
+11
+00:00:52,030 --> 00:00:57,470
+الحفة تعتبر a prism، إله apex وإله base، الbase
+
+12
+00:00:57,470 --> 00:01:02,230
+هنا جاية لفوق والapex جاية لتحت، هذه الحفةالحدودة
+
+13
+00:01:02,230 --> 00:01:05,630
+بتنتهي عند الخطوط الزرقاء، هذه الحفة اللي على
+
+14
+00:01:05,630 --> 00:01:09,550
+اليمين، شيلناها من قطعة من الزجاج أو قطعة من
+
+15
+00:01:09,550 --> 00:01:13,710
+البلاستيك، هذه تعتبر ophthalmic prism having an
+
+16
+00:01:13,710 --> 00:01:17,650
+apex، هاي ال apex، هاي القمة بتاعته، وهي القاعدة
+
+17
+00:01:17,650 --> 00:01:21,950
+بتاعه، هاي القاعدة بتاعته، اذا هذا هو الophthalmic
+
+18
+00:01:21,950 --> 00:01:25,010
+prism، هاي منظر آخر للophthalmic prism
+
+19
+00:01:28,170 --> 00:01:34,990
+الو قاعدة ال base القاعدة والو apex قمة وال apex
+
+20
+00:01:34,990 --> 00:01:39,530
+في angle بيسموها ال apical angle أو زاوية القمة
+
+21
+00:01:39,530 --> 00:01:43,630
+زاوية القمة مهمة جدا في موضوع الprismat لإنه كل ما
+
+22
+00:01:43,630 --> 00:01:47,000
+زادت زاوية القمةThe ability of the prism on the
+
+23
+00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:50,180
+letter of the letter A becomes more, becomes more,
+
+24
+00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:51,140
+more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more,
+
+25
+00:01:51,140 --> 00:01:51,720
+more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more,
+
+26
+00:01:51,720 --> 00:01:51,740
+more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more,
+
+27
+00:01:51,740 --> 00:01:54,180
+more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more,
+
+28
+00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:54,440
+more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more,
+
+29
+00:01:54,440 --> 00:01:54,460
+more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more,
+
+30
+00:01:54,460 --> 00:01:55,400
+more, more, more, more, more, more, more, more,
+
+31
+00:01:55,400 --> 00:01:58,730
+more, more, more, more, more, more, moreon
+
+32
+00:01:58,730 --> 00:02:03,650
+deviation or deviation of things will be more and
+
+33
+00:02:03,650 --> 00:02:08,250
+as we said there is apex and there is base there
+
+34
+00:02:08,250 --> 00:02:11,370
+is apex and there is base these are examples on
+
+35
+00:02:11,370 --> 00:02:17,110
+prisms these are prisms that we use in
+
+36
+00:02:17,110 --> 00:02:19,610
+circumference measurements this is a prism whose
+
+37
+00:02:19,610 --> 00:02:23,320
+apex angle is smallit could be that the apex
+
+38
+00:02:23,320 --> 00:02:25,380
+itself is a little bit crooked, but that's not a
+
+39
+00:02:25,380 --> 00:02:27,840
+problem, and it could still be there, that is up
+
+40
+00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:33,800
+to 35 prism diopter, the peak that has been
+
+41
+00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:36,640
+removed, it doesn't play a big role in this
+
+42
+00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:38,340
+matter, because the important thing is that the
+
+43
+00:02:38,340 --> 00:02:40,860
+prism is the same, but if we talk about the
+
+44
+00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:44,890
+strength of the prismIt's related to the apex
+
+45
+00:02:44,890 --> 00:02:48,050
+angle, it's not the apex angle, this apex angle is
+
+46
+00:02:48,050 --> 00:02:51,930
+light, so its strength is 5 prism diopter, this is
+
+47
+00:02:51,930 --> 00:02:55,050
+wider, it's clear that the bigger the angle of the
+
+48
+00:02:55,050 --> 00:03:00,110
+peak, the bigger the strength of the prism, I have
+
+49
+00:03:00,110 --> 00:03:03,510
+60 prism diopter, this is considered a high prism
+
+50
+00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:09,320
+القوة، عالي القوة. إذا هذه موضوع الprismat يعني
+
+51
+00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:12,920
+أحيانا مستخدمها أو كثير من الأحيان مستخدمها في
+
+52
+00:03:12,920 --> 00:03:19,130
+قياس الحول بأنواع المختلفةWhat is the difference
+
+53
+00:03:19,130 --> 00:03:21,870
+between these prisms and these prisms? This is
+
+54
+00:03:21,870 --> 00:03:23,950
+called a loose prism, that is, each prism by
+
+55
+00:03:23,950 --> 00:03:27,250
+itself, loose prism, that is, each prism is held
+
+56
+00:03:27,250 --> 00:03:29,930
+by itself, it can be held horizontally or
+
+57
+00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:33,550
+vertically This is called a prism bar, prism bar
+
+58
+00:03:33,550 --> 00:03:36,630
+means a column of prisms, this piece is a prism,
+
+59
+00:03:37,150 --> 00:03:40,150
+this piece is a prism of one force, a diopter
+
+60
+00:03:40,150 --> 00:03:44,260
+prismthis piece is a prism with 10 prism diopters,
+
+61
+00:03:44,760 --> 00:03:48,760
+and this last piece has 45 prism diopters, which I
+
+62
+00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:52,300
+am defining in its limits, this is its base, this
+
+63
+00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:54,720
+is its base, and this is its peak, this is the
+
+64
+00:03:54,720 --> 00:03:58,580
+base, and this is the peak, so it is clear thatThe
+
+65
+00:03:58,580 --> 00:04:01,960
+base is much lower than the top, much lower than
+
+66
+00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:05,520
+the top, and the more we move from the right to
+
+67
+00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:09,260
+the left, the apical angle increases, this is the
+
+68
+00:04:09,260 --> 00:04:12,120
+apical angle, apical angle, apical angle, and so
+
+69
+00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:16,350
+on until we get boredto the left, of course, it
+
+70
+00:04:16,350 --> 00:04:19,050
+increases the strength of the prism, because its
+
+71
+00:04:19,050 --> 00:04:22,590
+apical angle increases Of course, these hold the
+
+72
+00:04:22,590 --> 00:04:26,650
+column vertically, so these prisms move
+
+73
+00:04:26,650 --> 00:04:29,930
+horizontally, that's why it's a horizontal prism
+
+74
+00:04:30,570 --> 00:04:34,150
+The second column which is also a prism bar, is
+
+75
+00:04:34,150 --> 00:04:38,390
+also a prism, but it is curved in a vertical prism
+
+76
+00:04:38,390 --> 00:04:40,970
+When it is held vertically in front of the
+
+77
+00:04:40,970 --> 00:04:43,930
+patient's face, these are the prisms, this is the
+
+78
+00:04:43,930 --> 00:04:47,090
+top, this is the bottom, this is the top, this is
+
+79
+00:04:47,090 --> 00:04:50,070
+the bottom Here the shape is clearer, okay? Here
+
+80
+00:04:50,070 --> 00:04:53,310
+the shape is clearer, of course The top of the
+
+81
+00:04:53,310 --> 00:04:56,750
+prism is here, at the top of the sword, and the
+
+82
+00:04:56,750 --> 00:05:00,010
+bottom of the prism is hereThe top of the prism at
+
+83
+00:05:00,010 --> 00:05:01,570
+the top of the arrow, of course, is hidden under
+
+84
+00:05:01,570 --> 00:05:05,610
+the prism above it and this is the base Ok, now
+
+85
+00:05:05,610 --> 00:05:10,370
+this is for the prisms, what is their nature and
+
+86
+00:05:10,370 --> 00:05:12,050
+what are their types? These, of course, whether it
+
+87
+00:05:12,050 --> 00:05:15,810
+is a loose prism or a prism bar, are used in
+
+88
+00:05:15,810 --> 00:05:20,580
+circumference measurementHere means cross-section
+
+89
+00:05:20,580 --> 00:05:26,660
+explains why I have apex for the prism and base
+
+90
+00:05:26,660 --> 00:05:29,640
+for the prism, I have base for the prism Of
+
+91
+00:05:29,640 --> 00:05:31,180
+course, the mission of the prism is to make
+
+92
+00:05:31,180 --> 00:05:33,400
+deviation in the rays, which means to make
+
+93
+00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:36,580
+deviation of the rays from its path, this is its
+
+94
+00:05:36,580 --> 00:05:39,900
+supposed path before we put the prismThese are the
+
+95
+00:05:39,900 --> 00:05:43,240
+supposed paths before we put the prism, and it
+
+96
+00:05:43,240 --> 00:05:45,340
+made a deviation to the rays which became these
+
+97
+00:05:45,340 --> 00:05:48,540
+paths when it came out of the prism, so this is
+
+98
+00:05:48,540 --> 00:05:52,080
+the whole angle, which means that if the prism
+
+99
+00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:55,840
+didn't exist, the light ray wouldn't continue in
+
+100
+00:05:55,840 --> 00:06:00,030
+this wayAfter we put Librasm, the light ray has
+
+101
+00:06:00,030 --> 00:06:03,070
+this path, so this angle is called angle of
+
+102
+00:06:03,070 --> 00:06:03,510
+deviation
+
+103
+00:06:28,370 --> 00:06:34,310
+Okay, the usage of multiple prisms and many of
+
+104
+00:06:34,310 --> 00:06:38,460
+them, one of them is the low power prismتكون فيه
+
+105
+00:06:38,460 --> 00:06:42,280
+small apical angle و فيه high power prism فإيش
+
+106
+00:06:42,280 --> 00:06:45,880
+تستخدم ال small power prism؟ ال small power prism
+
+107
+00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:49,020
+طبعا و اللي بيكون اللي هى small apical angle may
+
+108
+00:06:49,020 --> 00:06:53,480
+be incorporated into spectacle lenses or and
+
+109
+00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:57,780
+contact lenses يعني ممكن تضاف لبرزمات بقوة ضعيفة
+
+110
+00:06:57,780 --> 00:07:02,720
+طبعا مش بقوة عالية يعني بقدرش أضيف برزم مثلا ستين
+
+111
+00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:05,980
+برزم أو خمسين برزم أو خمس و أربعين برزم لنضارة
+
+112
+00:07:06,190 --> 00:07:10,230
+بينما بقدر أضيف مثلا عشرة Prism، خمسة Prism، سبعة
+
+113
+00:07:10,230 --> 00:07:13,630
+Prism، زي المنظر التالي ما هيوضحلي، إذا ال low
+
+114
+00:07:13,630 --> 00:07:17,550
+power PrismThe low power prism can be added to
+
+115
+00:07:17,550 --> 00:07:19,670
+this prism, this is a lens of a glasses but it is
+
+116
+00:07:19,670 --> 00:07:22,070
+added to it by a prism so that this is the base
+
+117
+00:07:22,070 --> 00:07:24,490
+and this is the apex Here it is the same thing,
+
+118
+00:07:24,570 --> 00:07:26,890
+this is the base and this is the apex, this is a
+
+119
+00:07:26,890 --> 00:07:30,250
+lens of a glasses Now the lens with the prism as
+
+120
+00:07:30,250 --> 00:07:33,990
+one mass as we see means placed in the glasses,
+
+121
+00:07:34,130 --> 00:07:36,950
+placed in the glasses If we come to describe this
+
+122
+00:07:36,950 --> 00:07:40,420
+scene, we say this is a lensIn the right eye, the
+
+123
+00:07:40,420 --> 00:07:42,660
+lens in the right eye, the prism comes with the
+
+124
+00:07:42,660 --> 00:07:46,520
+base in, in towards the nose, in, while in the
+
+125
+00:07:46,520 --> 00:07:50,520
+left eye, the prism added to the lens, the base is
+
+126
+00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:53,820
+out, so here base in, out, and here in the left
+
+127
+00:07:53,820 --> 00:07:58,160
+eye, or the lens of the left eye, base outممكن انا
+
+128
+00:07:58,160 --> 00:08:01,680
+اختصر الكلام اقول ال .. ال .. ال base في ال .. في
+
+129
+00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:05,160
+الprismين to the left يعني هدى جاية للشمال و هدى
+
+130
+00:08:05,160 --> 00:08:08,620
+جاية للشمال او ممكن اقول في ال right base in و في
+
+131
+00:08:08,620 --> 00:08:12,760
+ال left base out طبعا حسب المطلب، حسب المطلب، اذا
+
+132
+00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:17,420
+low power prismwith small apical angles may be
+
+133
+00:08:17,420 --> 00:08:20,760
+incorporated into spectacle lenses و أحيانا تضاف
+
+134
+00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:25,520
+لل contact lenses بطريقة معينة طيب هى نقطة استخدام
+
+135
+00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:29,720
+تانى فى جهاز عندي اسمه كيراتوميتر اللى بقيست حدب
+
+136
+00:08:29,720 --> 00:08:33,920
+القرانية او ال K1 K2 هذا مثال على جهاز
+
+137
+00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:39,260
+الكيراتوميتر بيقيست حدب القرانيةin the different
+
+138
+00:08:39,260 --> 00:08:42,820
+meridians, of course, and it gives me numerical
+
+139
+00:08:42,820 --> 00:08:45,920
+results for the change in the diopter, for
+
+140
+00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:48,960
+example, the meridian is 90 G, 42 diopters, for
+
+141
+00:08:48,960 --> 00:08:52,260
+example, and the meridian is 180, for example, 43
+
+142
+00:08:52,260 --> 00:08:55,760
+or 40 or 41 diopters, depending on what comes out
+
+143
+00:08:55,760 --> 00:09:00,100
+with us, in this device, inside this devicethere
+
+144
+00:09:00,100 --> 00:09:04,300
+are two prisms, the goal of these two prisms is
+
+145
+00:09:04,300 --> 00:09:10,520
+that the blurred image that I send to the
+
+146
+00:09:10,520 --> 00:09:12,460
+patient's eye and it is reflected from the cornea,
+
+147
+00:09:12,620 --> 00:09:15,760
+I want this image to be double-sided, so this
+
+148
+00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:18,420
+double-sidedness or this double-sidedness in this
+
+149
+00:09:18,420 --> 00:09:21,260
+image, to help me with the measurement, is done
+
+150
+00:09:21,260 --> 00:09:24,530
+through the prism, this is the composition ofthe
+
+151
+00:09:24,530 --> 00:09:27,730
+keratometer from inside and we are not studying
+
+152
+00:09:27,730 --> 00:09:31,430
+the instrument or the instrumentation of the
+
+153
+00:09:31,430 --> 00:09:34,070
+device, but we want to know that within the whole
+
+154
+00:09:34,070 --> 00:09:38,350
+configuration of the keratometer that I have two
+
+155
+00:09:38,350 --> 00:09:42,500
+pinsThese two prisms are called doubling prisms,
+
+156
+00:09:42,720 --> 00:09:45,540
+meaning they make the image that I see as an
+
+157
+00:09:45,540 --> 00:09:48,900
+observer, this is my eye as an observer, and here
+
+158
+00:09:48,900 --> 00:09:52,280
+will be the patient's eye, so the image that I
+
+159
+00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:54,240
+want to return to my eye, I want to see it, I want
+
+160
+00:09:54,240 --> 00:09:57,740
+to have a double image, double image, this image
+
+161
+00:09:57,740 --> 00:10:00,300
+is called Myers, the Myers is a doubled image,
+
+162
+00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:03,080
+meaning instead of a picture, a picture, instead
+
+163
+00:10:03,080 --> 00:10:07,100
+of a picturetwo pictures and this detail will be
+
+164
+00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:12,120
+in the material or the instruments but what is
+
+165
+00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:14,240
+known or what we want to know here in the subject
+
+166
+00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:17,480
+of prisms is that in the keratometer there are two
+
+167
+00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:22,200
+low power prisms two low power .. low power prisms
+
+168
+00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:25,640
+so the doubled image viewed in keratometers is
+
+169
+00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:30,170
+achieved with low power prism ok this is a pointSo
+
+170
+00:10:30,170 --> 00:10:34,390
+the low power prism can be used in spectacles, it
+
+171
+00:10:34,390 --> 00:10:38,050
+can be incorporated for spectacles or contact
+
+172
+00:10:38,050 --> 00:10:42,190
+lenses. Also the low power prism can be used in
+
+173
+00:10:42,190 --> 00:10:46,690
+keratometers. Now the high power prismwith large
+
+174
+00:10:46,690 --> 00:10:49,550
+apex angles are used to measure angle of
+
+175
+00:10:49,550 --> 00:10:50,070
+strabismus
+
+176
+00:11:07,530 --> 00:11:13,230
+to produce the doubling in measurement of in
+
+177
+00:11:13,230 --> 00:11:15,630
+measuring head of the Goldman tonometer
+
+178
+00:11:19,220 --> 00:11:21,280
+This is the Goldman tonometer The Goldman
+
+179
+00:11:21,280 --> 00:11:24,260
+tonometer is a device connected to a slit lamp
+
+180
+00:11:24,260 --> 00:11:27,840
+device that we use to measure eye pressure Also,
+
+181
+00:11:28,400 --> 00:11:31,460
+when I measure eye pressure, I have a circle that
+
+182
+00:11:31,460 --> 00:11:35,900
+I want to see through this device We divide this
+
+183
+00:11:35,900 --> 00:11:39,720
+circle into two parts, half circle and half
+
+184
+00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,240
+circle, so that we can measure eye pressure What
+
+185
+00:11:43,240 --> 00:11:47,670
+divides the circleاللي بيقسم للدائرة، لأ نصين،
+
+186
+00:11:47,670 --> 00:11:52,000
+طبعا الدائرة اللي هي ناتجة أو .. أو ناتجة عن ..is
+
+187
+00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:56,700
+that this device which is the host of the shape,
+
+188
+00:11:57,100 --> 00:12:00,600
+its peak, touches the surface of the eye and makes
+
+189
+00:12:00,600 --> 00:12:02,900
+contact in a circle shape I'm supposed to see this
+
+190
+00:12:02,900 --> 00:12:07,820
+circle shape, but not as a circle, but as two
+
+191
+00:12:07,820 --> 00:12:09,740
+halves of a circle Who divided them into two
+
+192
+00:12:09,740 --> 00:12:13,980
+halves? I have two high power prisms printed
+
+193
+00:12:13,980 --> 00:12:19,200
+inside this device, inside this piece
+
+194
+00:12:21,770 --> 00:12:25,410
+Also, high power prisms, not compared to
+
+195
+00:12:25,410 --> 00:12:29,550
+strabismus, make a double image in the moduling
+
+196
+00:12:29,550 --> 00:12:32,570
+head of the goldman tonometer This is the moduling
+
+197
+00:12:32,570 --> 00:12:35,770
+head of the goldman tonometer, which touches the
+
+198
+00:12:35,770 --> 00:12:37,510
+surface of the eye, which touches the surface of
+
+199
+00:12:37,510 --> 00:12:41,130
+the eye also has high power prisms Now, there is a
+
+200
+00:12:41,130 --> 00:12:46,060
+third thingthat when we come to give treatment to
+
+201
+00:12:46,060 --> 00:12:48,220
+the retina with laser, the person has diabetes
+
+202
+00:12:48,220 --> 00:12:51,060
+retina obstruction and he needs laser. Now the
+
+203
+00:12:51,060 --> 00:12:54,560
+retina extends from the oracyrata, the edges, to
+
+204
+00:12:54,560 --> 00:12:59,020
+the posterior of the eye, which is the fovea, if
+
+205
+00:12:59,020 --> 00:13:01,920
+it is correct to say that we start from the
+
+206
+00:13:01,920 --> 00:13:04,520
+oracyrata. Let's assume that I have a problem in
+
+207
+00:13:04,520 --> 00:13:07,900
+the edges of the retina.and I want to get the
+
+208
+00:13:07,900 --> 00:13:10,840
+laser, as the yellow arrow shows, the laser will
+
+209
+00:13:10,840 --> 00:13:14,300
+not reach because I will not be able to read or
+
+210
+00:13:14,300 --> 00:13:16,300
+get to this area because there is a barrier which
+
+211
+00:13:16,300 --> 00:13:18,700
+is the iris, there is a barrier which is the iris
+
+212
+00:13:18,700 --> 00:13:23,340
+which is drawn in blue, so I want the laser to go
+
+213
+00:13:23,340 --> 00:13:26,420
+through the pupil, but if I take the laser alone
+
+214
+00:13:26,420 --> 00:13:29,320
+through the pupil, it will reach certain points
+
+215
+00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:32,100
+and there are edges that are covered by the iris,
+
+216
+00:13:32,200 --> 00:13:36,490
+covered by the irisin the high region or the high
+
+217
+00:13:36,490 --> 00:13:40,690
+region around the retina How did he get to these
+
+218
+00:13:40,690 --> 00:13:42,990
+far regions they call it or the peripheral,
+
+219
+00:13:43,250 --> 00:13:46,350
+extreme peripheral retina through the prism The
+
+220
+00:13:46,350 --> 00:13:50,150
+prism is known to break the rays or move the rays
+
+221
+00:13:50,150 --> 00:13:53,590
+towards its base If I want to treat the high
+
+222
+00:13:53,590 --> 00:13:55,910
+region, I put the base towards the high region,
+
+223
+00:13:56,070 --> 00:13:57,650
+this region for example in the lower, in the
+
+224
+00:13:57,650 --> 00:14:01,310
+inferior retina for exampleبحط ال base في ال .. في
+
+225
+00:14:01,310 --> 00:14:05,010
+ال .. بتكون .. حي�� تكون down و بسلط ال laser عبر
+
+226
+00:14:05,010 --> 00:14:10,750
+ال prism فبيتخطى قضية ال ice، بيتخطى قضية ال ice،
+
+227
+00:14:10,750 --> 00:14:12,110
+اذا ا أيضا ..
+
+228
+00:14:15,290 --> 00:14:18,310
+and to apply laser treatment to the periphery of
+
+229
+00:14:18,310 --> 00:14:21,770
+the fundus which is the retina so these are many
+
+230
+00:14:21,770 --> 00:14:26,290
+uses for prisms whether low power or high power
+
+231
+00:14:26,290 --> 00:14:30,150
+let's say what is the simplest prism available
+
+232
+00:14:30,150 --> 00:14:35,590
+let's say as follows this is prism number one in
+
+233
+00:14:35,590 --> 00:14:39,630
+blue, two in red, three in yellow and four we will
+
+234
+00:14:39,630 --> 00:14:43,950
+talk about shortly we say as followsكل ما كبرت ال
+
+235
+00:14:43,950 --> 00:14:44,270
+apical angle بيكون قوة ال prism أقوى كل ما كبرت ال
+
+236
+00:14:44,270 --> 00:14:48,970
+apical angle بيكون قوة ال prism أقوى طيب الأزرق
+
+237
+00:14:48,970 --> 00:14:51,970
+أقوى من الأحمر لأن ال apical angle بتاعته أقوى
+
+238
+00:14:51,970 --> 00:14:57,250
+الأحمر أقوى من الأصفر لأن ال apical تاعته أكبر فبت
+
+239
+00:14:57,250 --> 00:15:01,450
+.. ال apical angle زاوية أكبر طبعا .. طبعا هذا
+
+240
+00:15:01,450 --> 00:15:06,390
+هيكون أضعف من الأحمر لغاية ما نصل لأضعف prism ممكن
+
+241
+00:15:06,390 --> 00:15:10,030
+العلماء نظريا بيقولوا أضعف prism ممكن لما زاوية
+
+242
+00:15:10,030 --> 00:15:14,040
+القمة ساوة صفرOkay, a person might ask himself,
+
+243
+00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:17,660
+this can't really exist in life, because if the
+
+244
+00:15:17,660 --> 00:15:20,980
+angle of the peak is zero, it means that the two
+
+245
+00:15:20,980 --> 00:15:23,560
+sides of the prism are aligned to each other, and
+
+246
+00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:26,080
+the prism is gone, I don't have a prism anymore
+
+247
+00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:29,340
+They say that this is theoretically true, but
+
+248
+00:15:29,340 --> 00:15:32,500
+there is something very similar that I can
+
+249
+00:15:32,500 --> 00:15:35,280
+consider as if the two sides are aligned to each
+
+250
+00:15:35,280 --> 00:15:39,080
+other What is the very similar thing that gives me
+
+251
+00:15:39,080 --> 00:15:42,880
+the force of a prism with a magnitude of zero?What
+
+252
+00:15:42,880 --> 00:15:45,500
+does zero mean? It means I can consider the apical
+
+253
+00:15:45,500 --> 00:15:47,740
+angle as zero and as if the two surfaces are
+
+254
+00:15:47,740 --> 00:15:50,780
+aligned to each other, but in fact this prism
+
+255
+00:15:50,780 --> 00:15:53,360
+exists and is not hidden How does this matter?
+
+256
+00:15:53,660 --> 00:15:56,980
+They say the plane parallel plate The plane
+
+257
+00:15:56,980 --> 00:16:01,700
+parallel plate is what? It is what if we look at
+
+258
+00:16:01,700 --> 00:16:06,100
+Google images and say here plane parallel plate
+
+259
+00:16:14,650 --> 00:16:18,070
+And we saw what pictures we can get from it I
+
+260
+00:16:18,070 --> 00:16:23,170
+mean, this for example is a piece of glass with a
+
+261
+00:16:23,170 --> 00:16:26,810
+plain parallel plate Notice that this window or
+
+262
+00:16:26,810 --> 00:16:29,550
+this is considered a plain parallel plate I mean,
+
+263
+00:16:29,650 --> 00:16:32,810
+it's like a rectangular piece of glass, this is
+
+264
+00:16:32,810 --> 00:16:35,950
+considered a plain parallel plate, plain parallel
+
+265
+00:16:35,950 --> 00:16:38,490
+plate This one also, the blue one, is a plain
+
+266
+00:16:38,490 --> 00:16:44,600
+parallel plate, plain parallel plateif let's say
+
+267
+00:16:44,600 --> 00:16:50,060
+glass plain plain glass plain parallel plate and
+
+268
+00:16:50,060 --> 00:16:52,980
+let's see what will come out with it this is a
+
+269
+00:16:52,980 --> 00:16:57,520
+plain parallel plate this is a plain parallel
+
+270
+00:16:57,520 --> 00:16:59,500
+plate of course there are pictures that may be
+
+271
+00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:06,180
+clearer than that or it can be plastic there is no
+
+272
+00:17:06,180 --> 00:17:12,920
+problem so it is a piece a piecethan for example
+
+273
+00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:18,380
+the window glass or any other plane parallel to
+
+274
+00:17:18,380 --> 00:17:20,880
+the plate Why do they consider the plane parallel
+
+275
+00:17:20,880 --> 00:17:26,800
+to the plate? As if the prism has zero force The
+
+276
+00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:29,600
+thing is very simple, if we look at the view below
+
+277
+00:17:29,600 --> 00:17:32,640
+This is the view below We say that the plane
+
+278
+00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:35,440
+parallel to the plate can be considered as two
+
+279
+00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:42,300
+prisms attached to each otherIn other words, this
+
+280
+00:17:42,300 --> 00:17:46,740
+blue prism, this is its apical angle, and the
+
+281
+00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:52,280
+moving prism, this is its apical angle What
+
+282
+00:17:52,280 --> 00:17:55,760
+happens to this prism, reflects to this one, and
+
+283
+00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:58,140
+what happens to this one, reflects to this one,
+
+284
+00:17:58,180 --> 00:18:00,300
+why? Because they are facing each other in space,
+
+285
+00:18:00,700 --> 00:18:03,880
+this is its apical angle up, and this is its
+
+286
+00:18:03,880 --> 00:18:09,840
+apical angle downفأثر هذا بلغي هذا و أثر هذا بلغي
+
+287
+00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:13,660
+هذا كأنه ال prism مش موجود فبالتالي يمكن مجازا انه
+
+288
+00:18:13,660 --> 00:18:17,100
+نعتبر ال plane parallel plate كأنه ال prism ال
+
+289
+00:18:17,100 --> 00:18:21,000
+apical angle بتاعته صفر ال apical angle بتاعته صفر
+
+290
+00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,320
+نيجي نحكي عن ال plane parallel plate اللي هو ال
+
+291
+00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:28,180
+simplest prism اذا the simplest prism has an apex
+
+292
+00:18:28,180 --> 00:18:32,590
+angle of zero degreeWhat does it mean? That is the
+
+293
+00:18:32,590 --> 00:18:35,870
+two faces are parallel, the two faces are
+
+294
+00:18:35,870 --> 00:18:38,530
+parallel, there is a face and there is a face,
+
+295
+00:18:39,470 --> 00:18:45,320
+therefore these two faces are parallelبس مش بالشكل
+
+296
+00:18:45,320 --> 00:18:48,660
+اللي احنا متصورينه لإنه لو بالشكل هذا معناته فيش
+
+297
+00:18:48,660 --> 00:18:52,140
+prism انطبقوا السطحين على بعض معناته ال apical
+
+298
+00:18:52,140 --> 00:18:56,280
+angle zero معناته اختفى ال prism لأ احنا بنقصد بيه
+
+299
+00:18:56,280 --> 00:18:57,920
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+300
+00:18:57,920 --> 00:18:58,020
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+301
+00:18:58,020 --> 00:18:58,080
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+302
+00:18:58,080 --> 00:18:58,460
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+303
+00:18:58,460 --> 00:18:58,540
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+304
+00:18:58,540 --> 00:18:59,080
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+305
+00:18:59,080 --> 00:18:59,180
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+306
+00:18:59,180 --> 00:19:05,720
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+307
+00:19:05,720 --> 00:19:12,020
+ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+308
+00:19:15,560 --> 00:19:20,400
+فبالتالي هذا هو ال plane parallel plate طيب إيش
+
+309
+00:19:20,400 --> 00:19:23,480
+بيعمل ال plane parallel plate when light ray
+
+310
+00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:27,760
+traverses a plane parallel plate such as a piece
+
+311
+00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:32,060
+of window glass لما الضوء بيعدي عبر plane parallel
+
+312
+00:19:32,060 --> 00:19:38,600
+plateزي ما يعدى عبر مثلا قطعة من زجاج الشباك it is
+
+313
+00:19:38,600 --> 00:19:42,340
+refracted at both surfaces يعني بينعكس على السطح
+
+314
+00:19:42,340 --> 00:19:46,040
+الأول أو .. أو بينكسر على السطح الأول هي الضوء
+
+315
+00:19:46,040 --> 00:19:51,070
+رايح يعدى، انكسرthen it broke again, it broke here
+
+316
+00:19:51,070 --> 00:19:53,410
+why? because it moved from the air to the glass
+
+317
+00:19:53,410 --> 00:19:55,870
+and it broke here why? because it moved from the
+
+318
+00:19:55,870 --> 00:19:58,690
+glass to the air okay, what is this going to
+
+319
+00:19:58,690 --> 00:20:02,330
+happen to me? it is refracted at both surfaces but
+
+320
+00:20:02,330 --> 00:20:05,490
+because the bending is equal and opposite at the
+
+321
+00:20:05,490 --> 00:20:09,610
+two surfaces there is no net deviation okay, what
+
+322
+00:20:09,610 --> 00:20:14,710
+does this mean? this means that first, what is the
+
+323
+00:20:14,710 --> 00:20:18,930
+deviation here?he broke the light and got closer
+
+324
+00:20:18,930 --> 00:20:21,970
+to the service normal why? because he entered a
+
+325
+00:20:21,970 --> 00:20:24,490
+more dense substance then here he broke the light
+
+326
+00:20:24,490 --> 00:20:27,010
+and got away from the service normal his proximity
+
+327
+00:20:27,010 --> 00:20:29,310
+here is equal to his distance here as if nothing
+
+328
+00:20:29,310 --> 00:20:33,390
+happened as if nothing happened in another sense
+
+329
+00:20:33,390 --> 00:20:39,310
+here he broke it as if imagine a man walking with
+
+330
+00:20:39,310 --> 00:20:47,500
+a flashlight we say turn rightبزاوية معينة، ثم مال
+
+331
+00:20:47,500 --> 00:20:51,060
+إلى اليسار بزاوية أخرى عكسة طبعا، هنا مال 30
+
+332
+00:20:51,060 --> 00:20:54,220
+degree إلى اليمين، بعدين مال 30 degree إلى الشمال،
+
+333
+00:20:54,220 --> 00:20:58,140
+الصافي كأنه مامالش، الدليل لو مدينا الشعاع اللي
+
+334
+00:20:58,140 --> 00:21:04,010
+داخل، الشعاع اللي داخل، لو مديناهAnd we completed
+
+335
+00:21:04,010 --> 00:21:06,370
+it as if the prism wasn't there, because if the
+
+336
+00:21:06,370 --> 00:21:09,010
+prism wasn't there, the beam would remain on the
+
+337
+00:21:09,010 --> 00:21:13,630
+same line And the beam that came out of the prism,
+
+338
+00:21:13,670 --> 00:21:15,630
+we will find that they are parallel, which means
+
+339
+00:21:15,630 --> 00:21:19,010
+that the beam didn't change its direction, but it
+
+340
+00:21:19,010 --> 00:21:22,670
+deviated It became displacement, not deviation,
+
+341
+00:21:22,770 --> 00:21:24,990
+there is a difference between displacement and
+
+342
+00:21:24,990 --> 00:21:27,710
+deviation What is this difference? Let's take an
+
+343
+00:21:27,710 --> 00:21:29,310
+example from everyday life Let's say a person
+
+344
+00:21:29,310 --> 00:21:34,680
+drives his car from Gaza to Rafahفى الطريق أمامه
+
+345
+00:21:34,680 --> 00:21:40,760
+شاحنة راح لليسار قليلا متر أو مترين تجاوز الشاحنة
+
+346
+00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:44,440
+وضلوا فى طريقه إلى رفعه إذا هو ماغير طريقه وإنما
+
+347
+00:21:44,440 --> 00:21:48,600
+أزاح المركب بتاعته إلى اليسار قليلا حتى يتجاوز
+
+348
+00:21:48,600 --> 00:21:56,980
+الشاحنة وهنا .. هنا الشعاعة ضوء فى اتجاهه إلى
+
+349
+00:21:56,980 --> 00:22:01,840
+اليمين والأعلىWhen he met the prism, he went right
+
+350
+00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:04,680
+and then passed his way again, he stayed to the
+
+351
+00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:06,680
+right and to the top, he stayed to the right and
+
+352
+00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:09,640
+to the top So there is displacement, fishnet
+
+353
+00:22:09,640 --> 00:22:12,400
+deviation If we imagine that the ray before
+
+354
+00:22:12,400 --> 00:22:15,820
+entering, before entering, tilts on the horizontal
+
+355
+00:22:15,820 --> 00:22:20,020
+axis by 30 degrees or 40 degrees, when it comes
+
+356
+00:22:20,020 --> 00:22:22,160
+out, it will tilt on the horizontal axis in the
+
+357
+00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:26,240
+same waythis one in the same way, so I don't have
+
+358
+00:22:26,240 --> 00:22:29,860
+net deviation, I don't have net deviation, so
+
+359
+00:22:29,860 --> 00:22:34,300
+there
+
+360
+00:22:34,300 --> 00:22:37,060
+is no net deviation, however there is lateral
+
+361
+00:22:37,060 --> 00:22:39,000
+displacement
+
+362
+00:22:41,980 --> 00:22:44,620
+walking in this direction and zeeh became walking
+
+363
+00:22:44,620 --> 00:22:48,000
+in this direction, walking in this direction, so I
+
+364
+00:22:48,000 --> 00:23:00,020
+have a lateral displacement to this, so if
+
+365
+00:23:00,020 --> 00:23:04,690
+I have the beam falling verticallyسقط عمودي مش
+
+366
+00:23:04,690 --> 00:23:09,590
+بميلان سقط عمودي مش هيغير طريقه و هيطلع زي ما هو
+
+367
+00:23:09,590 --> 00:23:13,610
+بس فى المنطقة هاى هيبطأ فى المنطقة هاى هيبطأ هنشوف
+
+368
+00:23:13,610 --> 00:23:16,690
+فجر الكلام بعد قليل فى ال simulation When the
+
+369
+00:23:16,690 --> 00:23:20,030
+surfaces of a wedge of a glass are not parallel,
+
+370
+00:23:20,630 --> 00:23:23,790
+light rays undergo a net deviation امتى ال prison
+
+371
+00:23:23,790 --> 00:23:27,550
+بيعطينا net deviation لما يكونThe two services,
+
+372
+00:23:27,870 --> 00:23:30,850
+the side services, are not parallel, they are at
+
+373
+00:23:30,850 --> 00:23:32,210
+an angle between them, like this is the prism, and
+
+374
+00:23:32,210 --> 00:23:33,770
+this is the prism, and this is the prism, and this
+
+375
+00:23:33,770 --> 00:23:38,270
+is the prism, it will change towards the beam
+
+376
+00:23:38,270 --> 00:23:42,110
+inside the prism, unless there is an end plane
+
+377
+00:23:42,110 --> 00:23:43,930
+parallel to the plane, then there will be a
+
+378
+00:23:43,930 --> 00:23:46,930
+deviation without a deviation, without a
+
+379
+00:23:46,930 --> 00:23:49,210
+deviation, the word deviation means to change its
+
+380
+00:23:49,210 --> 00:23:53,270
+course, it was tilting for example 40 degreeson
+
+381
+00:23:53,270 --> 00:23:55,170
+the horizontal axis, when it came out, it turned
+
+382
+00:23:55,170 --> 00:23:58,110
+30 degrees, but in the plane parallel plate, this
+
+383
+00:23:58,110 --> 00:24:01,430
+does not happen, this does not happen, we will see
+
+384
+00:24:01,430 --> 00:24:04,450
+in this simulation how it will happen here we want
+
+385
+00:24:04,450 --> 00:24:12,930
+to draw a plane parallel plate let
+
+386
+00:24:12,930 --> 00:24:20,690
+me just change the place of the drawing to make
+
+387
+00:24:20,690 --> 00:24:24,210
+the picture clearerhere I have a plain parallel
+
+388
+00:24:24,210 --> 00:24:33,470
+plate here
+
+389
+00:24:33,470 --> 00:24:36,950
+I have a plain parallel plate and here I have a
+
+390
+00:24:36,950 --> 00:24:40,030
+ray, a light ray that wants to drop a drop of
+
+391
+00:24:40,030 --> 00:24:40,170
+water
+
+392
+00:24:43,180 --> 00:24:46,680
+هذه الشعاع الساقط اللي داخل وهذه الشعاع اللي خارج
+
+393
+00:24:46,680 --> 00:24:50,460
+من ال plane parallel plate لو حابينا نعرف هل في
+
+394
+00:24:50,460 --> 00:24:55,680
+إزاحة ولا لأ نعمل extension نعمل
+
+395
+00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:59,800
+extend ده دلوقت بتضبط
+
+396
+00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:06,120
+لو مديت هذا أو مديت هذاThe two are parallel, this
+
+397
+00:25:06,120 --> 00:25:08,360
+parallel to this, which means that they are on the
+
+398
+00:25:08,360 --> 00:25:13,420
+same horizontal axis So when I move the light ray
+
+399
+00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:15,880
+through the plane parallel to the blade, it was
+
+400
+00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:19,060
+going in this direction It was going in this
+
+401
+00:25:19,060 --> 00:25:23,600
+direction, to simplify the situation, the blocker
+
+402
+00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:24,660
+helps us sometimes
+
+403
+00:25:34,260 --> 00:25:37,900
+Let's move the blocker and see So the candle was
+
+404
+00:25:37,900 --> 00:25:41,180
+moving, if we move it with the blocker, the candle
+
+405
+00:25:41,180 --> 00:25:52,820
+will move too
+
+406
+00:25:52,820 --> 00:25:58,320
+Ok
+
+407
+00:26:04,180 --> 00:26:09,600
+So, let's assume that this ray, excuse me, this
+
+408
+00:26:09,600 --> 00:26:12,560
+ray that entered the plane parallel plate, didn't
+
+409
+00:26:12,560 --> 00:26:14,540
+bring the plane parallel plate, it will keep going
+
+410
+00:26:14,540 --> 00:26:17,680
+its way Okay, it brought the plane parallel plate,
+
+411
+00:26:18,520 --> 00:26:20,980
+and here is the exit point, as long as it is
+
+412
+00:26:20,980 --> 00:26:23,740
+parallel, it means that it didn't deviate, it
+
+413
+00:26:23,740 --> 00:26:25,600
+didn't deviate from its path, that is, it deviated
+
+414
+00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:28,000
+from the horizontal axis, let's assume at an angle
+
+415
+00:26:29,450 --> 00:26:32,030
+Thirty degrees will come out at the angle of
+
+416
+00:26:32,030 --> 00:26:34,570
+thirty degrees Now I have another thing that helps
+
+417
+00:26:34,570 --> 00:26:40,050
+me with this topic Protractor Let's
+
+418
+00:26:40,050 --> 00:26:44,090
+see
+
+419
+00:26:44,090 --> 00:26:47,050
+how much water is on the horizontal axis above
+
+420
+00:26:47,050 --> 00:26:52,170
+Let's just make a duplication of it to see below
+
+421
+00:26:57,260 --> 00:27:09,080
+And delete Extended Ray Extended
+
+422
+00:27:09,080 --> 00:27:16,120
+Ray should be deleted Undo
+
+423
+00:27:16,120 --> 00:27:22,040
+It's
+
+424
+00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:23,380
+not responding. Of course there is a problem
+
+425
+00:27:28,160 --> 00:27:37,700
+Delete the Protractor That's
+
+426
+00:27:37,700 --> 00:27:40,560
+how I deleted everything Now we need to do it
+
+427
+00:27:40,560 --> 00:27:47,200
+again to make the ray And
+
+428
+00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:53,760
+now we need to delete the extension We
+
+429
+00:27:53,760 --> 00:27:57,300
+need to reset it from the beginning We take the
+
+430
+00:27:57,300 --> 00:28:12,500
+free shape, which is the plane parallel plate And
+
+431
+00:28:12,500 --> 00:28:18,200
+We
+
+432
+00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:18,700
+take the rail
+
+433
+00:28:24,810 --> 00:28:34,870
+this is the ray, now we take protractor and
+
+434
+00:28:34,870 --> 00:28:41,050
+make it duplication and see how much it is tilted
+
+435
+00:28:41,050 --> 00:28:46,290
+on
+
+436
+00:28:46,290 --> 00:28:46,990
+the horizontal axis
+
+437
+00:29:00,520 --> 00:29:04,400
+هنا تقريبا من مية و تمانين، مية و خمسين، يعني
+
+438
+00:29:04,400 --> 00:29:08,420
+تلاتين degree، خمسة و تلاتين degree، تقريبا سبعة و
+
+439
+00:29:08,420 --> 00:29:12,180
+تلاتين degree على المحور الأفقي مائل، طيب و هنا
+
+440
+00:29:12,180 --> 00:29:21,520
+جداش مائل و
+
+441
+00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:22,620
+هنا جداش مائل
+
+442
+00:29:43,740 --> 00:29:46,820
+لازم يكون سبعة و تلاتين degree على المحور الأفقي
+
+443
+00:29:46,820 --> 00:29:51,200
+طالما الشعاع اللي خارج سبعة و تلاتين degree بس
+
+444
+00:29:51,200 --> 00:29:54,100
+ضروري القياسات تكون عندنا عياش دقيقة
+
+445
+00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:03,000
+This is from 180 degrees to 150 degrees, 30
+
+446
+00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:09,040
+degrees, 35 degrees, maybe the surface is not 100%
+
+447
+00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:12,000
+because I touched it with my hand. So there is no
+
+448
+00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,380
+displacement at all, there is no displacement at
+
+449
+00:30:14,380 --> 00:30:16,760
+all, but displacement, it is called displacement,
+
+450
+00:30:17,120 --> 00:30:20,020
+it means it stays in its way, but it moves a
+
+451
+00:30:20,020 --> 00:30:24,920
+little to the side, lateral displacement. On the
+
+452
+00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:28,080
+contrary, if I had a prism
+
+453
+00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:38,300
+If I have a prism It
+
+454
+00:30:38,300 --> 00:30:46,840
+has an apical angle, not zero apical angle And
+
+455
+00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:52,520
+here I have a single ray So,
+
+456
+00:30:53,040 --> 00:30:57,310
+the light was in its path in this directionin this
+
+457
+00:30:57,310 --> 00:31:00,990
+direction, up and to the right, it became down and
+
+458
+00:31:00,990 --> 00:31:04,950
+to the right, so there is a net displacement here,
+
+459
+00:31:04,950 --> 00:31:08,130
+net displacement or net deviation, while here
+
+460
+00:31:08,130 --> 00:31:09,950
+there is only displacement, there is only
+
+461
+00:31:09,950 --> 00:31:11,890
+displacement here, therefore
+
+462
+00:31:17,370 --> 00:31:21,270
+this case we want to explain by simulation, so
+
+463
+00:31:21,270 --> 00:31:24,770
+plane parallel plate is the simplest prism, we can
+
+464
+00:31:24,770 --> 00:31:27,450
+consider it as an angle zero because it can be
+
+465
+00:31:27,450 --> 00:31:30,290
+considered as a miracle that it is two opposite
+
+466
+00:31:30,290 --> 00:31:32,010
+prisms, so what happens to the first one negates
+
+467
+00:31:32,010 --> 00:31:33,950
+the second one, and what happens to the second one
+
+468
+00:31:33,950 --> 00:31:35,870
+negates the first one or negates the first one, so
+
+469
+00:31:35,870 --> 00:31:39,570
+it is considered asprism, its force is zero. The
+
+470
+00:31:39,570 --> 00:31:41,510
+greater the apical angle, the greater the force of
+
+471
+00:31:41,510 --> 00:31:44,770
+the prism in the letter of the rays. Therefore,
+
+472
+00:31:44,970 --> 00:31:48,090
+this issue is very important to be clear
+
+473
+00:31:53,470 --> 00:31:57,210
+When the surfaces of a wedge of a glass are not
+
+474
+00:31:57,210 --> 00:32:01,050
+parallel, light rays undergo a net deviation Now,
+
+475
+00:32:01,270 --> 00:32:05,350
+the last thing is to make two prisms, one with an
+
+476
+00:32:05,350 --> 00:32:09,650
+apical angle and one with a small apical angle
+
+477
+00:32:09,650 --> 00:32:15,790
+Let's say this is my prism with a big apical angle
+
+478
+00:32:15,790 --> 00:32:18,910
+And
+
+479
+00:32:18,910 --> 00:32:23,460
+I have a prism with a small apical angleI want it
+
+480
+00:32:23,460 --> 00:32:27,200
+small And we see their power in the letter of the
+
+481
+00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:31,760
+rays Is it equal or not equal?
+
+482
+00:32:34,120 --> 00:32:48,020
+Okay, if we have light ray here Light
+
+483
+00:32:48,020 --> 00:32:48,300
+ray
+
+484
+00:32:54,560 --> 00:32:56,360
+It's not only about letters or numbers, it's about
+
+485
+00:32:56,360 --> 00:33:04,540
+total internal reflection Wait
+
+486
+00:33:04,540 --> 00:33:12,560
+a second The
+
+487
+00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:13,760
+apical angle is clear here
+
+488
+00:33:20,930 --> 00:33:23,590
+very big, to the extent that it has many letters
+
+489
+00:33:23,590 --> 00:33:32,710
+So let's say that this direction, wait
+
+490
+00:33:32,710 --> 00:33:39,010
+a minute So
+
+491
+00:33:39,010 --> 00:33:43,750
+the direction was up and down very sharply Same
+
+492
+00:33:43,750 --> 00:33:49,280
+thing here, if we want We take it to the second
+
+493
+00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:55,100
+prism and see how it is Of
+
+494
+00:33:55,100 --> 00:34:03,480
+course
+
+495
+00:34:03,480 --> 00:34:10,320
+here We want to make the same curve Similar to the
+
+496
+00:34:10,320 --> 00:34:13,200
+curve in the first case Curve of the rays to the
+
+497
+00:34:13,200 --> 00:34:17,320
+top and right Approximately
+
+498
+00:34:26,690 --> 00:34:36,450
+طبعا كان للأعلى ولا اليمين انحرف عن مصاره قليلا هو
+
+499
+00:34:36,450 --> 00:34:41,870
+كان بالاتجاه هذايعني جرب شوية من القاعدة بس مش
+
+500
+00:34:41,870 --> 00:34:44,950
+بالشكل اللي احنا شايفينه، مش بالشكل اللي احنا
+
+501
+00:34:44,950 --> 00:34:48,770
+شايفينه، هيك بتنتهي المحاضرة و المرة القادمة ان
+
+502
+00:34:48,770 --> 00:34:52,110
+شاء الله يتعالى بنكمل مع ال angle of deviation و
+
+503
+00:34:52,110 --> 00:34:55,730
+يعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركة
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/EdpKoyPVmO4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+1
+00:00:01,530 --> 00:00:04,490
+I'm Rahim. We have a question about the virtual
+
+2
+00:00:04,490 --> 00:00:09,130
+image with lens combination. The object is 10 cm
+
+3
+00:00:09,130 --> 00:00:11,730
+away from the first lens, which has a power of
+
+4
+00:00:11,730 --> 00:00:16,390
+plus 6 diopters. The second lens, which is 15 cm
+
+5
+00:00:16,390 --> 00:00:19,950
+away from it to the right, has a power of plus 4.5
+
+6
+00:00:19,950 --> 00:00:23,530
+diopters. Where is the final image?
+
+7
+00:00:29,860 --> 00:00:33,440
+Transphase Magnification In order to solve this
+
+8
+00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:36,840
+problem, we must deal with each lens separately
+
+9
+00:00:37,610 --> 00:00:42,330
+بنروح حاطين ورقة تفسر أو تغطي الجزء التاني من
+
+10
+00:00:42,330 --> 00:00:45,610
+المسألة، بنعتبر إنه عندنا مسألة واحدة أو عدسة
+
+11
+00:00:45,610 --> 00:00:50,390
+واحدة عبارة object مع عدسة واحدة لثانية لها، بنقول
+
+12
+00:00:50,390 --> 00:00:57,310
+الضوء هيصل بتشتت مقدار U يساوي ناقص N على O ويساوي
+
+13
+00:00:57,310 --> 00:01:01,410
+ناقص واحد عشرة centimeter، يعني واحد من عشرة متر،
+
+14
+00:01:01,410 --> 00:01:03,130
+ويساوي ناقص
+
+15
+00:01:06,220 --> 00:01:09,180
+Minus 10, and the meter is minus 1, which is a
+
+16
+00:01:09,180 --> 00:01:13,680
+diopter. So, U is minus 10 diopters. Minus 10
+
+17
+00:01:13,680 --> 00:01:18,160
+diopters. How much oscillation will the light
+
+18
+00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:22,480
+produce? It is said that U plus the power is equal
+
+19
+00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:25,720
+to V. V is the oscillation factor after leaving
+
+20
+00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:29,900
+the lens. U minus 10 diopters plus the power 6
+
+21
+00:01:29,900 --> 00:01:34,220
+diopters is equal to V. So, V is equal to minus 4
+
+22
+00:01:34,220 --> 00:01:40,180
+diopters. إذا أضوء، هيخرج مودة شتت It was less than
+
+23
+00:01:40,180 --> 00:01:41,820
+what it entered. It entered with a magnitude of
+
+24
+00:01:41,820 --> 00:01:44,840
+minus 10 and went out with a magnitude of minus 4.
+
+25
+00:01:45,740 --> 00:01:48,140
+But it is not collected, so it is impossible to
+
+26
+00:01:48,140 --> 00:01:50,260
+form a picture, no matter how much we put on the
+
+27
+00:01:50,260 --> 00:01:53,460
+paper or the screen of the screen on which the
+
+28
+00:01:53,460 --> 00:01:55,060
+picture will be placed, because the more the
+
+29
+00:01:55,060 --> 00:01:57,020
+distance increases, the more it moves away from
+
+30
+00:01:57,020 --> 00:01:59,820
+each other. As long as this is the case, we must
+
+31
+00:01:59,820 --> 00:02:02,080
+assume that there is an imaginary picture that has
+
+32
+00:02:02,080 --> 00:02:05,440
+formed. We bring this picture and complete it as
+
+33
+00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:09,650
+if The image is real but it is imaginary V is
+
+34
+00:02:09,650 --> 00:02:14,730
+equal to N divided by I So I is equal to N divided
+
+35
+00:02:14,730 --> 00:02:20,290
+by V Let's swap places And it is equal to N
+
+36
+00:02:20,290 --> 00:02:23,430
+divided by 1 We are in the air over V minus four
+
+37
+00:02:23,430 --> 00:02:27,590
+diopters It is equal to one minus four minus a
+
+38
+00:02:27,590 --> 00:02:30,850
+quarter And the diopter meter square meter means
+
+39
+00:02:30,850 --> 00:02:34,450
+minus twenty-five degrees Here minus means the
+
+40
+00:02:34,450 --> 00:02:37,990
+distance to the leftThis is an imaginary image,
+
+41
+00:02:38,470 --> 00:02:41,890
+located to the left of the lens that formed it. It
+
+42
+00:02:41,890 --> 00:02:44,690
+will not be formed, but we will assume that it is
+
+43
+00:02:44,690 --> 00:02:49,030
+formed at a distance of 25 cm, an imaginary image.
+
+44
+00:02:49,350 --> 00:02:51,370
+And we said that the imaginary image is preferred
+
+45
+00:02:51,370 --> 00:02:54,570
+with a dotted horizontal line, with a dotted
+
+46
+00:02:54,570 --> 00:02:59,920
+horizontal line. Now, to summarize the issue This
+
+47
+00:02:59,920 --> 00:03:06,240
+imaginary image, of course, is 25 cm away from the
+
+48
+00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:09,660
+lens that formed it And we make sure that it is
+
+49
+00:03:09,660 --> 00:03:11,980
+not formed, but we will assume that it is formed
+
+50
+00:03:11,980 --> 00:03:14,220
+Why it is not formed? Because the light is
+
+51
+00:03:14,220 --> 00:03:17,220
+divergent The light will not return to rotate
+
+52
+00:03:17,220 --> 00:03:19,260
+behind the lens that formed the image here
+
+53
+00:03:19,260 --> 00:03:22,020
+Divergent and will remain divergent and hence the
+
+54
+00:03:22,020 --> 00:03:24,980
+name imaginary image that does not exist in the
+
+55
+00:03:24,980 --> 00:03:27,620
+real world Ok, why did we assume it? So that we
+
+56
+00:03:27,620 --> 00:03:29,520
+can calculate the divergence from the surface of
+
+57
+00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:33,080
+the second lens Also, why? Because this image is
+
+58
+00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:35,800
+what will be considered as the body of the second
+
+59
+00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:38,760
+lens Before I go to the second lens and its body,
+
+60
+00:03:39,180 --> 00:03:40,760
+which is the image of the first lens, I will start
+
+61
+00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:46,440
+with T M1 equals U over V U minus ten times theta
+
+62
+00:03:48,180 --> 00:03:54,300
+over V minus 4 degrees It is equal to X because we
+
+63
+00:03:54,300 --> 00:03:56,600
+are talking about magnification Minus over minus
+
+64
+00:03:56,600 --> 00:04:00,320
+plus and ten over four which is two and a half So
+
+65
+00:04:00,320 --> 00:04:04,900
+the picture is regular not upside down and twice
+
+66
+00:04:04,900 --> 00:04:07,280
+and a half larger than the object So if the object
+
+67
+00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:10,080
+is ten centimeters high, it is twenty-five
+
+68
+00:04:10,080 --> 00:04:12,440
+centimeters high Now I will finish our work with
+
+69
+00:04:12,440 --> 00:04:15,370
+the first lens Now we are supposed to cover the
+
+70
+00:04:15,370 --> 00:04:17,910
+first object and the first lens and pay attention
+
+71
+00:04:17,910 --> 00:04:19,810
+to the second object, which is the picture of the
+
+72
+00:04:19,810 --> 00:04:21,750
+first lens with the second lens. This is the
+
+73
+00:04:21,750 --> 00:04:25,490
+object of the second lens. To fix the problem, now
+
+74
+00:04:25,490 --> 00:04:28,770
+we will draw the second lens in a different color,
+
+75
+00:04:29,830 --> 00:04:36,990
+which is red. And here too, I will make sure that
+
+76
+00:04:36,990 --> 00:04:37,830
+the two colors remain.
+
+77
+00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:43,460
+Why are the two colors still there? The black one
+
+78
+00:04:43,460 --> 00:04:45,560
+is to indicate that this is the shape of the black
+
+79
+00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:49,660
+lens And the red one is the object of the red lens
+
+80
+00:04:49,660 --> 00:04:52,300
+And I will also solve it with the red color But
+
+81
+00:04:52,300 --> 00:04:55,980
+before we start, let's say that this object is 25
+
+82
+00:04:55,980 --> 00:04:59,840
+cm away from the first lens And the distance
+
+83
+00:04:59,840 --> 00:05:02,840
+between the two lenses is 15 cm So the distance
+
+84
+00:05:02,840 --> 00:05:07,880
+between object number 2 which is number 1 And the
+
+85
+00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:13,640
+lens number 2, this distance25 plus 15 is equal to
+
+86
+00:05:13,640 --> 00:05:18,960
+2 which is equal to 25 cm plus 15 cm which is
+
+87
+00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:22,680
+equal to 40 cm So the distance of the object of
+
+88
+00:05:22,680 --> 00:05:24,920
+this mirror which is the shape of this mirror is
+
+89
+00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:29,500
+40 cm away from it Now we continue, we continue,
+
+90
+00:05:29,800 --> 00:05:33,380
+but we will continue with the black colorWe say U
+
+91
+00:05:33,380 --> 00:05:36,880
+is equal to minus N over O is equal to minus 1
+
+92
+00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:39,920
+over 40 centimeters which is 4 out of 10 meters.
+
+93
+00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:43,100
+Note that all measurements are in meters and it is
+
+94
+00:05:43,100 --> 00:05:47,460
+equal to minus two and a half diopters. Minus two
+
+95
+00:05:47,460 --> 00:05:49,760
+and a half diopters, so the light will reach here
+
+96
+00:05:49,760 --> 00:05:53,660
+with a magnitude of minus two and a half diopters.
+
+97
+00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:57,540
+What is the quadratic case of light when it comes
+
+98
+00:05:57,540 --> 00:06:02,500
+out of the lens? We say u plus p equals v minus
+
+99
+00:06:02,500 --> 00:06:06,960
+two and a half diopters plus four and a half
+
+100
+00:06:06,960 --> 00:06:13,240
+diopters equals v So v equals plus two diopters
+
+101
+00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:18,920
+plus two diopters plus two diopters Okay, v equals
+
+102
+00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:22,980
+I, what does plus two diopters mean? The light
+
+103
+00:06:22,980 --> 00:06:27,740
+will come outمش متشرطة وانما متجمع يعني في طريقه
+
+104
+00:06:27,740 --> 00:06:32,080
+يكون صورة حقيقية مش صورة تخيلية مكان الصورة
+
+105
+00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:36,780
+الحقيقية وين V تساوي Unshort على I I تساوي Unshort
+
+106
+00:06:36,780 --> 00:06:42,320
+على V ببدلهم مكان بعض ويساوي Unshort على 1 لإن
+
+107
+00:06:42,320 --> 00:06:46,900
+احنا في الهوا و ال V اللي هي plus 2 ده يبتد ويساوي
+
+108
+00:06:46,900 --> 00:06:54,400
+plus نص متر So, the second and the last image will
+
+109
+00:06:54,400 --> 00:07:04,820
+be 50 cm away from the second lens. This image is
+
+110
+00:07:04,820 --> 00:07:09,500
+larger than its body because of the second
+
+111
+00:07:09,500 --> 00:07:12,960
+transference magnification TM2 is equal to U over
+
+112
+00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:16,340
+V and is equal to U minus two and a half diopters
+
+113
+00:07:16,340 --> 00:07:18,820
+over
+
+114
+00:07:20,500 --> 00:07:28,520
+V plus 2 is equal to
+
+115
+00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:34,560
+1 quarter x minus 1 quarter what does it mean x
+
+116
+00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:38,360
+minus 1 quarter? it means that this picture is
+
+117
+00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:42,100
+upside down compared to its body and bigger than
+
+118
+00:07:42,100 --> 00:07:46,900
+it by a quarter now let's bring the total
+
+119
+00:07:49,610 --> 00:07:55,310
+Transphase Magnification يساوي T M1 في T M2 ويساوي
+
+120
+00:07:55,310 --> 00:07:59,530
+T M1 T M1 اتنين و نص
+
+121
+00:08:10,610 --> 00:08:13,210
+Minus one and a quarter. So plus two and a half
+
+122
+00:08:13,210 --> 00:08:16,510
+times minus one and a quarter. We multiply it. We
+
+123
+00:08:16,510 --> 00:08:20,290
+say one hundred and twenty-five times twenty-five.
+
+124
+00:08:21,230 --> 00:08:24,650
+Five times five times twenty-five. Ten, twelve,
+
+125
+00:08:25,710 --> 00:08:29,070
+six. Two times one hundred and twenty-five.
+
+126
+00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:42,580
+Eleven, three, I have one, two, three, so x plus
+
+127
+00:08:42,580 --> 00:08:47,620
+minus minus, three, one, one hundred and twenty
+
+128
+00:08:47,620 --> 00:08:52,420
+-five thousand That is, the last picture for the
+
+129
+00:08:52,420 --> 00:08:55,860
+original object is inverted, as it is clearly seen
+
+130
+00:08:55,860 --> 00:09:01,340
+And bigger than it, bigger than it, three times
+
+131
+00:09:01,340 --> 00:09:03,360
+and eight, one hundred and twenty-five thousand
+
+132
+00:09:03,360 --> 00:09:06,540
+and eight The last picture I will draw it in red
+
+133
+00:09:06,540 --> 00:09:09,180
+because it came from the red lens, the picture of
+
+134
+00:09:09,180 --> 00:09:13,080
+the red lens. This concludes the issue and we say
+
+135
+00:09:13,080 --> 00:09:15,940
+that the common factor between the two lenses is
+
+136
+00:09:15,940 --> 00:09:18,000
+the imaginary picture. It is an imaginary picture
+
+137
+00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:22,480
+for the lens number one and at the same time a
+
+138
+00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:28,040
+body for the lens number two. That is why we drew
+
+139
+00:09:28,040 --> 00:09:30,280
+it in two colors and this is how the issue ended
+
+140
+00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:32,280
+and may Allah bless you all. Assalamualaikum
+
+141
+00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:33,860
+warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/EyCzwRR42kU_raw.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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0.8556315104166666}], "temperature": 1.0}, {"id": 7, "seek": 19885, "start": 173.37, "end": 198.85, "text": " Plus to minus, of course, the transverse magnification, the x-axis, three to half, six, of course, and meter to meter goes. So, x minus six, x minus six, which means that the picture is upside down, and six times the magnitude of the object, six times the magnitude of the object, which ends the matter and gives you peace, peace be upon you.", "tokens": [7721, 281, 3175, 11, 295, 1164, 11, 264, 1145, 4308, 4944, 3774, 11, 264, 2031, 12, 24633, 11, 1045, 281, 1922, 11, 2309, 11, 295, 1164, 11, 293, 9255, 281, 9255, 1709, 13, 407, 11, 2031, 3175, 2309, 11, 2031, 3175, 2309, 11, 597, 1355, 300, 264, 3036, 307, 14119, 760, 11, 293, 2309, 1413, 264, 15668, 295, 264, 2657, 11, 2309, 1413, 264, 15668, 295, 264, 2657, 11, 597, 5314, 264, 1871, 293, 2709, 291, 4336, 11, 4336, 312, 3564, 291, 13], "avg_logprob": -0.5829613230058125, "compression_ratio": 1.8641304347826086, "no_speech_prob": 4.172325134277344e-07, "words": [{"start": 173.37, "end": 173.83, "word": " Plus", "probability": 0.241455078125}, {"start": 173.83, "end": 174.13, "word": " to", "probability": 0.2001953125}, {"start": 174.13, "end": 174.55, 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{"start": 186.29, "end": 186.73, "word": " minus", "probability": 0.96875}, {"start": 186.73, "end": 187.57, "word": " six,", "probability": 0.9326171875}, {"start": 187.61, "end": 187.79, "word": " which", "probability": 0.293212890625}, {"start": 187.79, "end": 187.81, "word": " means", "probability": 0.7900390625}, {"start": 187.81, "end": 187.87, "word": " that", "probability": 0.36962890625}, {"start": 187.87, "end": 187.93, "word": " the", "probability": 0.83740234375}, {"start": 187.93, "end": 188.11, "word": " picture", "probability": 0.400634765625}, {"start": 188.11, "end": 188.29, "word": " is", "probability": 0.8466796875}, {"start": 188.29, "end": 188.49, "word": " upside", "probability": 0.45703125}, {"start": 188.49, "end": 188.83, "word": " down,", "probability": 0.80029296875}, {"start": 189.23, "end": 189.37, "word": " and", "probability": 0.79541015625}, {"start": 189.37, "end": 189.95, "word": " six", "probability": 0.87109375}, {"start": 189.95, "end": 191.91, 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PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/FKp1F4_G1ss_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2336 @@
+1
+00:00:01,640 --> 00:00:06,600
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنكمل مع محاضرات الـ
+
+2
+00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:10,020
+Geometric Optics ووصلنا لموضوع الـ Angle of
+
+3
+00:00:10,020 --> 00:00:14,550
+Deviation في موضوع البرزماتIn any prism with an
+
+4
+00:00:14,550 --> 00:00:17,850
+apex angle greater than zero, the total angle of
+
+5
+00:00:17,850 --> 00:00:21,310
+deviation of light that passes through it is the
+
+6
+00:00:21,310 --> 00:00:25,450
+sum of deviation produced at each of its surfaces
+
+7
+00:00:44,190 --> 00:00:46,830
+and it is supposed to keep going along the dotted
+
+8
+00:00:46,830 --> 00:00:49,990
+line and z has become parallel to the dotted line
+
+9
+00:00:49,990 --> 00:00:52,050
+but it does not change with respect to the
+
+10
+00:00:52,050 --> 00:00:53,830
+horizontal axis and the vertical axis does not
+
+11
+00:00:53,830 --> 00:00:56,870
+change at all it is in the same direction but z
+
+12
+00:00:56,870 --> 00:00:59,730
+has changed this is because the plane parallel to
+
+13
+00:00:59,730 --> 00:01:02,410
+the plane is considered a prism whose apex angle
+
+14
+00:01:02,410 --> 00:01:10,330
+is zero any prism whose apex angle is more than
+
+15
+00:01:10,330 --> 00:01:15,080
+zero will cause a net deviationHow many deviations
+
+16
+00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:17,620
+will occur in a set of deviations on its surface?
+
+17
+00:01:17,760 --> 00:01:20,800
+A set of deviations on its surface In other words,
+
+18
+00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:25,640
+if on the first surface of the prism If on the
+
+19
+00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:28,400
+first surface of the prism, which is 20 degrees
+
+20
+00:01:28,400 --> 00:01:31,340
+away from its path And the second surface is 25
+
+21
+00:01:31,340 --> 00:01:37,260
+degrees away, then 20 and 25 are 45 degrees away
+
+22
+00:01:37,260 --> 00:01:40,080
+from its path 45 degrees as an example, as an
+
+23
+00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:41,320
+example Okay now
+
+24
+00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:48,050
+The deviation of light that passes through the
+
+25
+00:01:48,050 --> 00:01:52,690
+prism is the sum of deviations produced at each of
+
+26
+00:01:52,690 --> 00:01:58,090
+its surfaces. These two deviations may be in the
+
+27
+00:01:58,090 --> 00:02:02,030
+same direction or in opposite direction. That is,
+
+28
+00:02:02,590 --> 00:02:04,530
+the light will be deflected either in the same
+
+29
+00:02:04,530 --> 00:02:08,230
+direction or in opposite directions. Notice its
+
+30
+00:02:08,230 --> 00:02:14,290
+drawings. Here I have the light ray.انحرف قليلاً
+
+31
+00:02:14,290 --> 00:02:18,170
+لليسار، لو تخيلنا انه راجل بيمشي، انحرف قليلاً
+
+32
+00:02:18,170 --> 00:02:21,430
+عيسار و هو، بعدين انحرف عاليمين، اذا هذا in
+
+33
+00:02:21,430 --> 00:02:24,510
+opposite directions، in opposite directions، اذا
+
+34
+00:02:24,510 --> 00:02:28,650
+lightly انحرف بالاتجاه هذا للأعلى، خلينا نقول
+
+35
+00:02:28,650 --> 00:02:32,310
+للأعلى، حسب الرسمة، ثم للأسفل، اذا في اتجاهين
+
+36
+00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:37,580
+متعاكسين، طيبHere, the light fell vertically on
+
+37
+00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:40,120
+the first floor, it did not bend at all, and all
+
+38
+00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:43,540
+the distortion happened on the second floor. Of
+
+39
+00:02:43,540 --> 00:02:45,580
+course, the vertical fall, because the light entry
+
+40
+00:02:45,580 --> 00:02:48,440
+from one medium to another medium differs in
+
+41
+00:02:48,440 --> 00:02:51,700
+density or refractive index, the vertical fall
+
+42
+00:02:51,700 --> 00:02:53,320
+does not change the direction of the light, but
+
+43
+00:02:53,320 --> 00:02:56,690
+slows down in the glass.و بعدك بيعود بسرع بس هنا
+
+44
+00:02:56,690 --> 00:03:00,990
+سقط لإن السطح مائل فبالتالي مش سقوط عمودي على
+
+45
+00:03:00,990 --> 00:03:04,450
+السطح الأول سقوط عمودي على السطح التاني مش سقوط
+
+46
+00:03:04,450 --> 00:03:09,810
+عمودي فأحدث تغير في اتجاه ال light ray اذا هذه هي
+
+47
+00:03:09,810 --> 00:03:13,350
+ال angle ال total angle of deviation هذه ال total
+
+48
+00:03:13,350 --> 00:03:19,130
+angle of deviation طيبThe total angle of deviation
+
+49
+00:03:19,130 --> 00:03:22,210
+is the angle between the rays that came out of the
+
+50
+00:03:22,210 --> 00:03:25,970
+prism and the rays that entered the prism if we
+
+51
+00:03:25,970 --> 00:03:26,450
+extend them
+
+52
+00:03:31,500 --> 00:03:35,300
+The Librasm bends the rays from the first surface
+
+53
+00:03:35,300 --> 00:03:38,780
+to the bottom, then the second surface bends it
+
+54
+00:03:38,780 --> 00:03:40,840
+also to the bottom, then they bend in the same
+
+55
+00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:44,400
+direction. Also, the sum of the deviations, how do
+
+56
+00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:47,260
+I know it? I extend a line from the beam inside
+
+57
+00:03:47,260 --> 00:03:52,300
+and make an angle between the beam inside the
+
+58
+00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:55,040
+Librasm and what comes out of the Librasm. This is
+
+59
+00:03:55,040 --> 00:03:58,100
+the total angle of deviation. So, regardless of
+
+60
+00:03:58,100 --> 00:03:58,520
+the view
+
+61
+00:04:01,650 --> 00:04:06,530
+The total angle of deviation of light that passes
+
+62
+00:04:06,530 --> 00:04:10,030
+through the prism is the sum of the deviations
+
+63
+00:04:10,030 --> 00:04:15,810
+produced at each of the surfaces. These two
+
+64
+00:04:15,810 --> 00:04:19,780
+deviations may be in the same directionOr in
+
+65
+00:04:19,780 --> 00:04:24,120
+opposite directions depending on the angle of
+
+66
+00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:34,960
+incidence
+
+67
+00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:45,720
+But the
+
+68
+00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:51,980
+total deviation is alwaystowards the base of the
+
+69
+00:04:51,980 --> 00:04:56,000
+prism always and always the deviation is towards
+
+70
+00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:58,680
+the base of the prism towards the base of the
+
+71
+00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:05,040
+prism here there are clearer drawings from the
+
+72
+00:05:05,040 --> 00:05:09,640
+light ray simulation I prepared it so that we
+
+73
+00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:14,020
+don't waste time this light ray has a deviation
+
+74
+00:05:14,020 --> 00:05:18,070
+and another deviation in the same directionhere
+
+75
+00:05:18,070 --> 00:05:21,210
+light ray has a deviation to the left and then to
+
+76
+00:05:21,210 --> 00:05:25,450
+the right two opposite directions here is a
+
+77
+00:05:25,450 --> 00:05:27,510
+vertical fall this vertical fall is called the
+
+78
+00:05:27,510 --> 00:05:33,470
+Prentice position Prentice position Prentice
+
+79
+00:05:33,470 --> 00:05:39,290
+position so it did not happen on the first floor
+
+80
+00:05:39,290 --> 00:05:42,070
+and happened on the second floor now the last
+
+81
+00:05:42,070 --> 00:05:49,160
+directionto the right and again to the right So,
+
+82
+00:05:49,660 --> 00:05:53,180
+depending on the angle of fall to the right,
+
+83
+00:05:53,280 --> 00:05:56,960
+sorry, and again to the left But always the outer
+
+84
+00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:59,220
+beam is closer to the base than its entrance is
+
+85
+00:05:59,220 --> 00:06:02,500
+closer to the base than its entrance So, this case
+
+86
+00:06:02,500 --> 00:06:05,660
+must be clear You can always say, no, this is away
+
+87
+00:06:05,660 --> 00:06:09,260
+from the base Yes, but before entering, it was
+
+88
+00:06:09,260 --> 00:06:13,170
+more away from the baseفأصبح أقرب لل base اذا
+
+89
+00:06:13,170 --> 00:06:17,670
+اقتراب نسبي اقتراب نسبي هذا اقتراب حقيقي يعني يورا
+
+90
+00:06:17,670 --> 00:06:22,630
+بالعين اللي احنا شايفينه اذا دائما و ابدا ال total
+
+91
+00:06:22,630 --> 00:06:26,150
+deviation is always toward the base of the prism
+
+92
+00:06:26,150 --> 00:06:31,230
+the base of the prism في مصطلح اسمه ال minimum
+
+93
+00:06:31,230 --> 00:06:36,270
+angle of deviation يعني أقل زاوية انحراف للضوء
+
+94
+00:06:36,270 --> 00:06:44,470
+ممكن يعملها ال prismThe minimum angle
+
+95
+00:06:44,470 --> 00:06:54,210
+of deviation produced by a prism occurs when the
+
+96
+00:06:54,210 --> 00:06:58,170
+light ray undergoes equal bending at the two
+
+97
+00:06:58,170 --> 00:06:58,730
+surfaces.
+
+98
+00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:08,080
+he deviated from his path, this is the path he
+
+99
+00:07:08,080 --> 00:07:11,280
+should stay on if the prism is not present, he
+
+100
+00:07:11,280 --> 00:07:14,800
+deviated, let's say 20 degrees here, then he
+
+101
+00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:17,080
+completed his path inside the prism, he came out
+
+102
+00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:20,460
+deviated from his second path, another 20 degrees,
+
+103
+00:07:20,560 --> 00:07:23,240
+then the first deviation equals the second
+
+104
+00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:26,180
+deviation, then the total angle of deviation, this
+
+105
+00:07:26,180 --> 00:07:29,670
+is the main path to the prism before enteringthe
+
+106
+00:07:29,670 --> 00:07:34,410
+leprosy and this is what happened when it came out
+
+107
+00:07:34,410 --> 00:07:37,770
+of the leprosy if we extend this line this will be
+
+108
+00:07:37,770 --> 00:07:40,950
+the angle which is delta which is the total angle
+
+109
+00:07:40,950 --> 00:07:43,910
+of deviation if the first deviation is equal to
+
+110
+00:07:43,910 --> 00:07:46,310
+the second deviation on the first surface then
+
+111
+00:07:46,310 --> 00:07:49,090
+their total is the total deviation which is the
+
+112
+00:07:49,090 --> 00:07:53,130
+least deviation that this leprosy can do twenty
+
+113
+00:07:53,130 --> 00:07:56,090
+and twenty which is forty degrees so this leprosy
+
+114
+00:07:56,750 --> 00:08:00,310
+This prism can't make a deviation less than 40
+
+115
+00:08:00,310 --> 00:08:03,010
+degrees Let's say this one made on the first floor
+
+116
+00:08:03,010 --> 00:08:06,090
+10 degrees and on the second floor 10 degrees, so
+
+117
+00:08:06,090 --> 00:08:09,590
+20 degrees So the least thing this prism can do is
+
+118
+00:08:09,590 --> 00:08:13,690
+20 degrees How did it know? Because the deviation
+
+119
+00:08:13,690 --> 00:08:16,070
+on the first floor is equal to the deviation on
+
+120
+00:08:16,070 --> 00:08:18,690
+the second floor, so 10 degrees is equal to 10
+
+121
+00:08:18,690 --> 00:08:23,300
+degreesThis is the minimum angle of deviation. It
+
+122
+00:08:23,300 --> 00:08:25,460
+is possible in another situation to do more than
+
+123
+00:08:25,460 --> 00:08:29,200
+that. The same prism. To do more than that, but
+
+124
+00:08:29,200 --> 00:08:31,720
+less than that is not possible. Not possible
+
+125
+00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:34,900
+because when the deviation on the first surface
+
+126
+00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:37,860
+equals the deviation on the second surface by
+
+127
+00:08:37,860 --> 00:08:39,460
+degree, it means that
+
+128
+00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:54,810
+minimum angle of deviationProduced by a prism
+
+129
+00:08:54,810 --> 00:08:57,550
+occurs when it occurs in the minimum angle of
+
+130
+00:08:57,550 --> 00:09:01,150
+deviation. By the way, the angle of deviation of
+
+131
+00:09:01,150 --> 00:09:04,190
+the prism varies according to its position in
+
+132
+00:09:04,190 --> 00:09:07,230
+space and according to the fall of light on it. It
+
+133
+00:09:07,230 --> 00:09:09,830
+can have a total deviation of twenty degrees,
+
+134
+00:09:09,950 --> 00:09:13,430
+twenty-five degrees, forty degrees, fifty degrees,
+
+135
+00:09:13,670 --> 00:09:15,710
+according to the fall of light on it and according
+
+136
+00:09:15,710 --> 00:09:19,910
+to the position of the prism in space.طيب إيش أقل
+
+137
+00:09:19,910 --> 00:09:25,870
+angle ممكن يعملها؟ أقل angle ممكن يعملها هي ال
+
+138
+00:09:25,870 --> 00:09:30,010
+angle اللي بتساوى فيها ال deviation على السطح
+
+139
+00:09:30,010 --> 00:09:32,570
+الأمامي مع ال deviation على السطح الخلفي أنا قولنا
+
+140
+00:09:32,570 --> 00:09:35,810
+ال total angle هي مجموع ال deviation بتاعة السطح
+
+141
+00:09:35,810 --> 00:09:40,110
+الأمامي مع السطح الخلفي، لذن ال minimum angle of
+
+142
+00:09:40,110 --> 00:09:45,780
+deviation produced by a prismoccurs when the light
+
+143
+00:09:45,780 --> 00:09:52,000
+ray undergoes equal bending at the two surfaces,
+
+144
+00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:55,460
+the angle of deviation is greater in any other
+
+145
+00:09:55,460 --> 00:09:57,640
+situation. If we change the position of the prism,
+
+146
+00:09:58,580 --> 00:10:03,300
+we will get an angle of deviation greater than the
+
+147
+00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:05,200
+minimum angle of deviation.
+
+148
+00:10:12,270 --> 00:10:15,250
+A very important issue is the unit of measurement
+
+149
+00:10:15,250 --> 00:10:18,670
+of the strength of the prism We said that the
+
+150
+00:10:18,670 --> 00:10:21,590
+bigger the prism, the stronger the apical angle is
+
+151
+00:10:21,590 --> 00:10:25,810
+in the letter of the rays The stronger in the
+
+152
+00:10:25,810 --> 00:10:29,510
+letter of the rays, as seen here, the prism is
+
+153
+00:10:29,510 --> 00:10:33,690
+weak here, here the weakest at all, zeroهنا أقوى
+
+154
+00:10:33,690 --> 00:10:38,470
+شوية، هنا أقوى، متوسط القوة، هنا أقواهم في
+
+155
+00:10:38,470 --> 00:10:40,510
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين، أقواهم في
+
+156
+00:10:40,510 --> 00:10:40,710
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين، أقواهم في
+
+157
+00:10:40,710 --> 00:10:41,430
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين، أقواهم في
+
+158
+00:10:41,430 --> 00:10:43,670
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين، أقواهم في
+
+159
+00:10:43,670 --> 00:10:46,370
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين، أقواهم في
+
+160
+00:10:46,370 --> 00:10:50,170
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين، أقواهم في
+
+161
+00:10:50,170 --> 00:10:51,390
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين، أقواهم في
+
+162
+00:10:51,390 --> 00:10:53,230
+الموجودين، أقواهم في الموجودين،Librism-diopter
+
+163
+00:10:53,230 --> 00:10:56,510
+Librism-diopter is a unit of measurement of the
+
+164
+00:10:56,510 --> 00:11:00,070
+power of the librism We want to point out two very
+
+165
+00:11:00,070 --> 00:11:04,150
+important things that we should pay attention to
+
+166
+00:11:04,150 --> 00:11:08,650
+and not forget at all Librism-diopter is something
+
+167
+00:11:08,650 --> 00:11:11,350
+completely different Librism-diopter is a unit of
+
+168
+00:11:11,350 --> 00:11:14,660
+measurement of the power of lensesor a unit of
+
+169
+00:11:14,660 --> 00:11:16,400
+measurement of the wavelength of light, the
+
+170
+00:11:16,400 --> 00:11:19,000
+divergence of light. It is measured by the diopter
+
+171
+00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:20,660
+and the intensity of the lens is measured by the
+
+172
+00:11:20,660 --> 00:11:23,280
+diopter because it changes from the wavelength to
+
+173
+00:11:23,280 --> 00:11:26,580
+the light. Librism and diopter are terms that are
+
+174
+00:11:26,580 --> 00:11:28,900
+used to talk to each other. This can be considered
+
+175
+00:11:28,900 --> 00:11:31,820
+as a metaphor for one word. I can't say librism
+
+176
+00:11:31,820 --> 00:11:33,940
+and shut up and I can't say diopter and shut up.
+
+177
+00:11:34,020 --> 00:11:36,740
+Diopter and shut up means that I'm talking about
+
+178
+00:11:36,740 --> 00:11:41,080
+lenses or the divergence of light.لما بقول liprism
+
+179
+00:11:41,080 --> 00:11:44,020
+و بسكوت مش معروف انا هل بقصد في liprism نفس
+
+180
+00:11:44,020 --> 00:11:48,760
+liprism ولا قوة liprism ولا حرفه للاشعة ولا ال
+
+181
+00:11:48,760 --> 00:11:51,880
+minimum and فضروري اقول liprism ديوبتر لما حد تاني
+
+182
+00:11:51,880 --> 00:11:55,500
+بيسمعني انه بقول liprism ديوبتر معناته انا بقصد
+
+183
+00:11:55,500 --> 00:12:00,080
+قوة liprism معين قوة liprism معين يترى ايش هو
+
+184
+00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:03,060
+liprism ديوبتر اول اشي يقولنا اول معلومة لازم ما
+
+185
+00:12:03,060 --> 00:12:07,120
+ننسهاش انه liprism ديوبتر بفرج عن قضية الديوبتر
+
+186
+00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:11,820
+لحالةThis prism is a unit for measuring the power
+
+187
+00:12:11,820 --> 00:12:16,940
+of lenses Yes, there is a very important point And
+
+188
+00:12:16,940 --> 00:12:20,320
+it is very, very, very necessary to remember it
+
+189
+00:12:20,320 --> 00:12:23,740
+What is it? The prism does not have refractive
+
+190
+00:12:23,740 --> 00:12:27,720
+power The prism does not have refractive power
+
+191
+00:12:27,720 --> 00:12:43,760
+Prism or prisms have no refractivePower يعني
+
+192
+00:12:43,760 --> 00:12:48,600
+مايلوش قوة زي قوة العدسات طب احنا بنجيز قوة
+
+193
+00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:53,740
+Librasim Librasim بعمل deviation للصورة أو لل
+
+194
+00:12:53,740 --> 00:13:01,260
+light بدون ما يعمل تغيير في الحالة التشتتية للضوء
+
+195
+00:13:01,260 --> 00:13:06,280
+بدون ما يعمل تغيير في الحالة التشتتية للضوء، بمعنى
+
+196
+00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:10,440
+آخرIf we go back to an example from the Geometric
+
+197
+00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:13,920
+Optics course that we took in the previous course
+
+198
+00:13:13,920 --> 00:13:21,140
+The closest example that we can go back to We
+
+199
+00:13:21,140 --> 00:13:26,720
+assume that
+
+200
+00:13:26,720 --> 00:13:33,420
+I have an example To
+
+201
+00:13:33,420 --> 00:13:34,360
+clarify the example
+
+202
+00:13:44,120 --> 00:13:50,360
+Let's suppose that I have an object
+
+203
+00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:52,520
+with a diameter of one meter and the image has a
+
+204
+00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:58,000
+diameter of 20 cm If I place a prism in the
+
+205
+00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:05,620
+direction of the rays If I
+
+206
+00:14:05,620 --> 00:14:08,840
+place a prism in the direction of the rays which
+
+207
+00:14:08,840 --> 00:14:14,470
+is going to form the imageالصورة لا هتبعد ولا
+
+208
+00:14:14,470 --> 00:14:18,090
+هتجرب, ليش؟ لأنه ال Prism ما فيها .. ما فيه
+
+209
+00:14:18,090 --> 00:14:21,770
+refractive power، بس الصورة هتتجه، هتنزل باتجاه ال
+
+210
+00:14:21,770 --> 00:14:26,220
+baseWhy? Because it will direct the rays towards
+
+211
+00:14:26,220 --> 00:14:27,720
+its base, which means that the image instead of
+
+212
+00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:30,500
+being here on the optical axis, will go down
+
+213
+00:14:30,500 --> 00:14:33,700
+towards the base. As for the distance from the
+
+214
+00:14:33,700 --> 00:14:36,540
+lens, which is 20 cm, it will increase by 30 cm,
+
+215
+00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:39,180
+which means that if it increases by 30 cm or 40
+
+216
+00:14:39,180 --> 00:14:41,440
+cm, it means that the rays have spread, which
+
+217
+00:14:41,440 --> 00:14:44,160
+means that it is like a negative lens. If it is 19
+
+218
+00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:50,340
+cm or 18 cm or 15 cm, it works like a plus lens.
+
+219
+00:14:50,380 --> 00:14:54,040
+It does not work like a plus lens.nor minus lens,
+
+220
+00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:59,640
+which means its refractive power is zero.It is
+
+221
+00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:01,160
+considered to be zero, but it is plus, which means
+
+222
+00:15:01,160 --> 00:15:03,880
+that it does not change from the negative state to
+
+223
+00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:06,040
+positive state. Therefore, this prism is very
+
+224
+00:15:06,040 --> 00:15:10,140
+important to understand that its force is how much
+
+225
+00:15:10,140 --> 00:15:14,300
+it can rotate the rays to its base, millimeter,
+
+226
+00:15:14,420 --> 00:15:17,240
+two millimeters, centimeter, meter, etc. And this
+
+227
+00:15:17,240 --> 00:15:19,720
+is what the prism diopter means, which we will
+
+228
+00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:24,280
+talk about now. So, the force of the prism is how
+
+229
+00:15:24,280 --> 00:15:27,320
+much the prism can rotate the rays towards its
+
+230
+00:15:27,320 --> 00:15:31,570
+base.not how much it can change the fluctuation of
+
+231
+00:15:31,570 --> 00:15:34,810
+light, because it cannot change the fluctuation of
+
+232
+00:15:34,810 --> 00:15:38,210
+light at all. Proof is that if we bring a prism
+
+233
+00:15:38,210 --> 00:15:43,490
+and put it inside an optical system, this optical
+
+234
+00:15:43,490 --> 00:15:46,070
+system, the image in it is formed on a distance
+
+235
+00:15:46,070 --> 00:15:50,570
+which is in spaceThe image will remain at the same
+
+236
+00:15:50,570 --> 00:15:53,210
+distance, but with the addition of the prism, it
+
+237
+00:15:53,210 --> 00:15:56,270
+will go down towards the base of the prism if the
+
+238
+00:15:56,270 --> 00:15:59,370
+base of the prism is down, or it will go up if the
+
+239
+00:15:59,370 --> 00:16:02,290
+base of the prism is up, or it will go to the
+
+240
+00:16:02,290 --> 00:16:04,810
+right if the base of the prism is on the right, so
+
+241
+00:16:04,810 --> 00:16:06,650
+the image is always directed towards the base
+
+242
+00:16:06,650 --> 00:16:09,970
+without changing its distance, so there is no
+
+243
+00:16:09,970 --> 00:16:12,330
+refractive power for the prism, there is no
+
+244
+00:16:12,330 --> 00:16:14,590
+refractive power for the prism, and this is
+
+245
+00:16:14,590 --> 00:16:18,200
+necessary for us to beare sure of it, but the
+
+246
+00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:22,920
+power of the prism is limited to the extent that
+
+247
+00:16:22,920 --> 00:16:27,320
+it is able to move a letter away from its path to
+
+248
+00:16:27,320 --> 00:16:29,620
+reach and form a picture at the same distance, but
+
+249
+00:16:29,620 --> 00:16:33,120
+towards the base of the prism towards the base of
+
+250
+00:16:33,120 --> 00:16:36,780
+the prism, and this must be very clear Now, what
+
+251
+00:16:36,780 --> 00:16:39,500
+is the Diopter Prism? What is the Diopter Prism?
+
+252
+00:16:40,540 --> 00:16:45,620
+If we say we have a prismقوته واحد بريزم ديوبتر
+
+253
+00:16:45,620 --> 00:16:46,300
+قوته واحد بريزم ديوبتر قوته واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد
+
+254
+00:16:46,300 --> 00:16:50,080
+بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر
+
+255
+00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:58,620
+واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم
+
+256
+00:16:58,620 --> 00:17:01,260
+ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد
+
+257
+00:17:01,260 --> 00:17:01,480
+بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر
+
+258
+00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:02,920
+واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم
+
+259
+00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:06,320
+ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزم ديوبتر واحد
+
+260
+00:17:06,320 --> 00:17:12,910
+بريزم ديوبتر واحد بريزمThis prism has a force of 1
+
+261
+00:17:12,910 --> 00:17:18,310
+prism diopter, 1 prism diopter The rays entered it
+
+262
+00:17:18,310 --> 00:17:20,290
+and deviated from their path in a certain angle
+
+263
+00:17:20,290 --> 00:17:25,930
+When I came away from the prism 100 cm, which is 1
+
+264
+00:17:25,930 --> 00:17:29,010
+meter, and measured how far the rays deviated from
+
+265
+00:17:29,010 --> 00:17:34,050
+their path, I got 1 cmSo I'm talking about one
+
+266
+00:17:34,050 --> 00:17:38,070
+diopter prism Okay, if it's 100 cm away from 10
+
+267
+00:17:38,070 --> 00:17:42,190
+cm, it means that this prism has 10 diopter prisms
+
+268
+00:17:42,190 --> 00:17:47,370
+10 diopter prisms Okay, if we say that it's 100 cm
+
+269
+00:17:47,370 --> 00:17:49,970
+away from 100 cm, it means that the rays have
+
+270
+00:17:49,970 --> 00:17:52,670
+deviated away from their natural course by about
+
+271
+00:17:52,670 --> 00:17:57,310
+30 cm If it's 100 cm away from 30 cm, it means
+
+272
+00:17:57,310 --> 00:18:01,490
+that this prism has 30 diopter prisms 30 diopter
+
+273
+00:18:01,490 --> 00:18:10,240
+prismsWhy this prism? We called it 45 diopter
+
+274
+00:18:10,240 --> 00:18:15,730
+prism Because if we bring laser beamand we put it
+
+275
+00:18:15,730 --> 00:18:18,230
+on one of the surfaces of the prism and then we
+
+276
+00:18:18,230 --> 00:18:21,070
+put it away from the other side on the other
+
+277
+00:18:21,070 --> 00:18:23,550
+surface from which this laser will come out we put
+
+278
+00:18:23,550 --> 00:18:26,650
+it away one meter, one hundred centimeters we will
+
+279
+00:18:26,650 --> 00:18:29,630
+find that the rays will go away from their path if
+
+280
+00:18:29,630 --> 00:18:32,930
+we put it forty-five centimeters away from each
+
+281
+00:18:32,930 --> 00:18:35,430
+other not ten centimeters or twenty centimeters we
+
+282
+00:18:35,430 --> 00:18:38,270
+put it away one hundred centimeters one hundred
+
+283
+00:18:38,270 --> 00:18:39,370
+centimeters, one hundred centimeters, one hundred
+
+284
+00:18:39,370 --> 00:18:40,570
+centimeters, one hundred centimeters, one hundred
+
+285
+00:18:40,570 --> 00:18:40,790
+centimeters, one hundred centimeters, one hundred
+
+286
+00:18:40,790 --> 00:18:41,410
+centimeters, one hundred centimeters, one hundred
+
+287
+00:18:41,410 --> 00:18:42,580
+centimeters, one hundred centimetersالـ one prism
+
+288
+00:18:42,580 --> 00:18:47,660
+diopter هو قدرة البرزم على حرف الأشعع مقدار واحد
+
+289
+00:18:47,660 --> 00:18:52,120
+صانتي على بعد مئة صانتي من البرزم على بعد مئة
+
+290
+00:18:52,120 --> 00:18:57,460
+صانتي من البرزم يعني بمعنى آخر عدد الصانتيات اللي
+
+291
+00:18:57,460 --> 00:19:01,680
+بعدها الشعاع عن مساره الأصليThe original path that
+
+292
+00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:04,180
+was going to be taken if the prism was not present
+
+293
+00:19:04,180 --> 00:19:06,680
+The number of centimeters equals the number of
+
+294
+00:19:06,680 --> 00:19:10,040
+prism diopters 5 centimeters with 5 prism diopters
+
+295
+00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:12,760
+10 centimeters with 10 prism diopters All these
+
+296
+00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:14,760
+measurements have to be done at a distance of 100
+
+297
+00:19:14,760 --> 00:19:19,000
+centimeters Now I might have an example For
+
+298
+00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:26,220
+example What is the force of the prism? We need
+
+299
+00:19:26,220 --> 00:19:30,990
+the force of the prism at a distance ofFifty
+
+300
+00:19:30,990 --> 00:19:36,070
+centimeters, the radius of the rays is three
+
+301
+00:19:36,070 --> 00:19:39,690
+centimeters. At a distance of fifty centimeters,
+
+302
+00:19:39,910 --> 00:19:41,730
+the radius of the rays is three centimeters. How
+
+303
+00:19:41,730 --> 00:19:47,890
+much? If the radius of the rays is three
+
+304
+00:19:47,890 --> 00:19:48,410
+centimeters at a distance of fifty centimeters,
+
+305
+00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:50,770
+then at a distance of one hundred centimeters, the
+
+306
+00:19:50,770 --> 00:19:52,070
+radius of the rays is x.
+
+307
+00:19:55,390 --> 00:20:04,910
+How do we get x? We say as usualx2 is equal to x2
+
+308
+00:20:04,910 --> 00:20:10,190
+is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is
+
+309
+00:20:10,190 --> 00:20:11,050
+equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal
+
+310
+00:20:11,050 --> 00:20:12,790
+to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2
+
+311
+00:20:12,790 --> 00:20:13,070
+is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is
+
+312
+00:20:13,070 --> 00:20:13,090
+to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2
+
+313
+00:20:13,090 --> 00:20:13,190
+equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal
+
+314
+00:20:13,190 --> 00:20:14,750
+to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2
+
+315
+00:20:14,750 --> 00:20:24,690
+is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is equal to x2 is
+
+316
+00:20:24,690 --> 00:20:29,290
+equal
+
+317
+00:20:29,540 --> 00:20:32,680
+because on a distance of 100 cm, the radius of the
+
+318
+00:20:32,680 --> 00:20:37,540
+rays is 6 cm 6 cm radius, of course here the
+
+319
+00:20:37,540 --> 00:20:46,200
+symbol of the prism is a triplet diopter so
+
+320
+00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:54,040
+I mark it with one
+
+321
+00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:55,080
+third of course
+
+322
+00:20:59,620 --> 00:21:04,200
+So 6 prism diopter. So this problem is on 50 cm.
+
+323
+00:21:04,480 --> 00:21:07,280
+The radius of things is 3 cm. So on 100 cm, its
+
+324
+00:21:07,280 --> 00:21:12,660
+radius is 6 cm, which means 6 prism diopter. This
+
+325
+00:21:12,660 --> 00:21:15,420
+is the power of the prism. So the prism diopter,
+
+326
+00:21:15,960 --> 00:21:18,700
+the prism power defines the amount of light ray
+
+327
+00:21:18,700 --> 00:21:22,580
+deviation produced as the light ray traverses a
+
+328
+00:21:22,580 --> 00:21:25,550
+prism.A prism power is the deviation in
+
+329
+00:21:25,550 --> 00:21:29,090
+centimeters from the optical axis measured mid
+
+330
+00:21:29,090 --> 00:21:33,130
+-centimeter from the prism The prisms have no
+
+331
+00:21:33,130 --> 00:21:37,670
+refractive power وإنما deviating power، deviating
+
+332
+00:21:37,670 --> 00:21:42,070
+power مش refractive power نشوف المثالين هدولة اللي
+
+333
+00:21:42,070 --> 00:21:46,470
+أماميThe first example is that this prism has a
+
+334
+00:21:46,470 --> 00:21:50,770
+diameter of 1 prism. Why? Because one meter away
+
+335
+00:21:50,770 --> 00:21:54,050
+from its original path, the rays have a diameter
+
+336
+00:21:54,050 --> 00:21:58,650
+of one centimeter. Okay, this prism has a diameter
+
+337
+00:21:58,650 --> 00:22:02,370
+of 100 centimeters, which is one meter from the
+
+338
+00:22:02,370 --> 00:22:06,730
+prism. Our body is not far from its original path.
+
+339
+00:22:06,890 --> 00:22:10,450
+We find it 33 centimeters. So this is a 33-meter
+
+340
+00:22:10,450 --> 00:22:15,020
+diameter prism.قوة هذا لبرزم، يعني هذا قوته أقوى
+
+341
+00:22:15,020 --> 00:22:18,780
+من هذا بتلاتة و تلاتين مرة، تلاتة و تلاتين مرة
+
+342
+00:22:18,780 --> 00:22:22,580
+لأنه بيحرف الأشعة تلاتة و تلاتين سانتي على بعد ميت
+
+343
+00:22:22,580 --> 00:22:26,140
+سانتي من لبرزم، بينما اللي في الأعلى بيحرف الأشعة
+
+344
+00:22:26,140 --> 00:22:30,940
+واحد سانتي على بعد مائة سانتي من لبرزم، من لبرزم،
+
+345
+00:22:30,940 --> 00:22:36,270
+طيبthe amount is expressed in prism diopter احنا
+
+346
+00:22:36,270 --> 00:22:40,250
+بنعبر او بنرمز لقوة لل deviating power مش ال
+
+347
+00:22:40,250 --> 00:22:42,490
+refractive power لأنه مالوش refractive power لل
+
+348
+00:22:42,490 --> 00:22:47,090
+deviating power بتاعة ال prism بكلمة prism diopter
+
+349
+00:22:47,090 --> 00:22:52,410
+اما بنكتب PD او بنكتبها كام لprism diopter او
+
+350
+00:22:52,410 --> 00:22:56,570
+بنرمزلها برمز المثلث اللي هو يعني a prism the term
+
+351
+00:22:56,570 --> 00:23:00,050
+prism diopter should never be shortened مش لازم
+
+352
+00:23:00,050 --> 00:23:03,260
+نختصره نقول prismsAnd we don't have to shorten it
+
+353
+00:23:03,260 --> 00:23:05,760
+and say diopters because the meanings of these
+
+354
+00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:09,560
+terms are entirely different.Diopter by itself
+
+355
+00:23:09,560 --> 00:23:12,420
+means that it has refractive power.Prisms by
+
+356
+00:23:12,420 --> 00:23:14,800
+itself means that it is not ... maybe I'm talking
+
+357
+00:23:14,800 --> 00:23:16,720
+about prisms but there is another subject other
+
+358
+00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:18,940
+than the power of the deviating power of the prism
+
+359
+00:23:18,940 --> 00:23:24,660
+.For angles now I can express I can express about
+
+360
+00:23:24,660 --> 00:23:27,910
+the deviation that happened to me to the prismFor
+
+361
+00:23:27,910 --> 00:23:48,630
+angles
+
+362
+00:23:48,630 --> 00:23:53,410
+less than 100 degrees, which is approximately 45
+
+363
+00:23:53,410 --> 00:23:58,440
+degreesEach two prism is approximately equal to
+
+364
+00:23:58,440 --> 00:23:58,900
+one degree
+
+365
+00:24:20,430 --> 00:24:23,610
+Okay, we come to the drawing in front of us, this
+
+366
+00:24:23,610 --> 00:24:25,710
+is the prism, we reduced the drawing and moved it
+
+367
+00:24:25,710 --> 00:24:28,190
+here We say, at a distance of one hundred
+
+368
+00:24:28,190 --> 00:24:31,150
+centimeters, the letter of the alphabet is of
+
+369
+00:24:31,150 --> 00:24:36,530
+course the angle of thetaAnd here, the number of
+
+370
+00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:39,770
+centimeters is based on the number of centimeters
+
+371
+00:24:39,770 --> 00:24:41,650
+in the Prism Diopter. If it's 10 centimeters, it's
+
+372
+00:24:41,650 --> 00:24:43,750
+10 Prism. If it's 5 centimeters, it's 5 Prism
+
+373
+00:24:43,750 --> 00:24:46,730
+Diopter. And so on. This distance is 100
+
+374
+00:24:46,730 --> 00:24:48,910
+centimeters. We want to see the relation between
+
+375
+00:24:48,910 --> 00:24:52,530
+this angle and the Prism Diopter. We say tan theta
+
+376
+00:24:52,530 --> 00:24:56,920
+over theta, which is equivalent toThis is the
+
+377
+00:24:56,920 --> 00:24:59,780
+triangle of the angle, this is the triangle of the
+
+378
+00:24:59,780 --> 00:25:03,640
+angle, this is theta, minus theta, tan theta,
+
+379
+00:25:03,760 --> 00:25:06,660
+which is the number of librism diopters, which is
+
+380
+00:25:06,660 --> 00:25:08,700
+the number of librisms, divided by the angle,
+
+381
+00:25:08,860 --> 00:25:10,620
+which is 100 degrees. This is the triangle, but it
+
+382
+00:25:10,620 --> 00:25:13,840
+is upside down. Okay, I want the librism diopter
+
+383
+00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:18,120
+to be 100 times
+
+384
+00:25:18,120 --> 00:25:24,160
+tan theta.I want θ, I want θ shift tan or arc tan
+
+385
+00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:26,260
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+386
+00:25:26,260 --> 00:25:28,280
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+387
+00:25:28,280 --> 00:25:30,520
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+388
+00:25:30,520 --> 00:25:30,780
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+389
+00:25:30,780 --> 00:25:31,620
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+390
+00:25:31,620 --> 00:25:31,660
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+391
+00:25:31,660 --> 00:25:31,680
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+392
+00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:34,400
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+393
+00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:39,360
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+394
+00:25:39,360 --> 00:25:42,060
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+395
+00:25:42,060 --> 00:25:43,900
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+396
+00:25:43,900 --> 00:25:44,600
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+397
+00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:45,100
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+398
+00:25:45,100 --> 00:25:47,900
+of the prism diopters by one hundred centimeters
+
+399
+00:25:55,790 --> 00:26:01,610
+This is scientific calculator We assume that .. We
+
+400
+00:26:01,610 --> 00:26:06,730
+assume that .. On a distance of 100 cm from this
+
+401
+00:26:06,730 --> 00:26:14,390
+prism, things bend 4 cm 4 cm So, we say ..
+
+402
+00:26:14,390 --> 00:26:17,070
+We want to see the same theta, how much? So, the
+
+403
+00:26:17,070 --> 00:26:20,650
+bend is 4 cm Shift 2 4
+
+404
+00:26:24,980 --> 00:26:30,120
+divide by 100 cm of course 4 cm divided by 100 cm
+
+405
+00:26:30,120 --> 00:26:33,440
+we close the box and we say enter which is
+
+406
+00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:37,960
+approximately 2.2 degrees which means the 4 prism
+
+407
+00:26:37,960 --> 00:26:41,060
+of the diopter which is 4 cm is approximately 2.2
+
+408
+00:26:41,060 --> 00:26:44,740
+degrees so from the function door they say 4 prism
+
+409
+00:26:44,740 --> 00:26:47,060
+approximately 2 degrees ok let's take another
+
+410
+00:26:47,060 --> 00:26:50,340
+example we say as follows The number of
+
+411
+00:26:50,340 --> 00:26:53,420
+centimeters divided by 100 centimeters, this prism
+
+412
+00:26:53,420 --> 00:26:56,460
+deviated the rays from their path. We got its
+
+413
+00:26:56,460 --> 00:26:58,500
+distance from its path to a distance of 100
+
+414
+00:26:58,500 --> 00:27:01,480
+centimeters, we found it 20 centimeters. 20
+
+415
+00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:03,900
+centimeters deviated the rays, that is, 20 prisms
+
+416
+00:27:03,900 --> 00:27:06,240
+of diopter. We want to say, we want the angle of
+
+417
+00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:07,980
+deviation to shift again.
+
+418
+00:27:10,820 --> 00:27:15,340
+20 centimeters divided by 100 centimeters, as the
+
+419
+00:27:15,340 --> 00:27:21,840
+equation says.Close the box and say Enter20 cm
+
+420
+00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:27,340
+which is 20 prism diopter is about 11.3 degrees
+
+421
+00:27:27,340 --> 00:27:29,780
+but from the approximation they say that 20 prism
+
+422
+00:27:29,780 --> 00:27:32,820
+is about 10 degrees which means that each degree
+
+423
+00:27:32,820 --> 00:27:37,080
+is approximately not accurate and the proof for
+
+424
+00:27:37,080 --> 00:27:39,460
+that is that when we say that 100 prism is about
+
+425
+00:27:39,460 --> 00:27:43,520
+45 degrees
+
+426
+00:27:43,520 --> 00:27:46,080
+so therefore it is very important to know this
+
+427
+00:27:46,080 --> 00:27:50,140
+issue roughlyin an inaccurate way 100% that each
+
+428
+00:27:50,140 --> 00:27:53,360
+one degree has two prisms when we talk about air
+
+429
+00:27:53,360 --> 00:27:55,860
+measurement, we use prisms sometimes in air
+
+430
+00:27:55,860 --> 00:27:57,460
+measurement, sometimes a lot of them, that is, the
+
+431
+00:27:57,460 --> 00:27:59,860
+air measurement of each child cooperating with the
+
+432
+00:27:59,860 --> 00:28:05,900
+oldest one is all measured by a prismLose Prism or
+
+433
+00:28:05,900 --> 00:28:10,960
+Prism bar can be found in the patient's file, the
+
+434
+00:28:10,960 --> 00:28:14,740
+amount of esotropia around the nipple is 20
+
+435
+00:28:14,740 --> 00:28:22,260
+degrees. 20 degrees equals 40 prisms. 40 prisms
+
+436
+00:28:22,260 --> 00:28:26,960
+because each one degree is approximately equal to
+
+437
+00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:29,720
+two prism diopters.
+
+438
+00:28:33,640 --> 00:28:37,100
+Generally, the prisms that are used clinically to
+
+439
+00:28:37,100 --> 00:28:40,280
+measure strabismus are plastic prisms. The prisms
+
+440
+00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:44,940
+that I showed you earlier and that we use in air
+
+441
+00:28:44,940 --> 00:28:49,040
+measurements are mostly made of plastic. But some
+
+442
+00:28:49,040 --> 00:28:53,580
+of them are made of glass. Prisms are calibrated
+
+443
+00:28:53,580 --> 00:28:57,320
+for use in certain positions. Why do we say
+
+444
+00:28:57,320 --> 00:29:00,340
+plastic and glass? Because plastic must be held in
+
+445
+00:29:00,340 --> 00:29:04,440
+a certain positionيعني بيصنع بحيث أنه ينمسك in
+
+446
+00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,560
+certain position في الفرق لازم يكون في وضعية معينة
+
+447
+00:29:07,560 --> 00:29:12,640
+لما أمسكه أمام عين المريض طيب لو أنا مامسكتوش في
+
+448
+00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:18,520
+الوضعية المطلوبة حسب الجهة المصنعة ما جالتIf a
+
+449
+00:29:18,520 --> 00:29:21,180
+prism is not used in the correct position,
+
+450
+00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:23,620
+measurement errors may result. For example, if I
+
+451
+00:29:23,620 --> 00:29:29,700
+hold a prism in a wrong way, not as it should be
+
+452
+00:29:29,700 --> 00:29:34,160
+held, not as it should be held, not as it should
+
+453
+00:29:34,160 --> 00:29:39,980
+be held, not as it should be held, not as it
+
+454
+00:29:39,980 --> 00:29:40,080
+should be held, not as it should be held, not as
+
+455
+00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:41,400
+not as it should be held, not as it should be
+
+456
+00:29:41,400 --> 00:29:42,540
+held, not as it should be held, not as it should
+
+457
+00:29:42,540 --> 00:29:42,760
+be held, not as it should be held, not as it
+
+458
+00:29:42,760 --> 00:29:44,560
+should be held, not as it should be held, not as
+
+459
+00:29:44,560 --> 00:29:45,580
+it should be held, not as it should be held, not
+
+460
+00:29:45,580 --> 00:29:46,610
+should be held, not as it shouldلو أجريت على
+
+461
+00:29:46,610 --> 00:29:51,130
+القياس عملية لالحوال، معناته هينتج عنها خطأ لأنه
+
+462
+00:29:51,130 --> 00:29:55,950
+القياس خطأ لأنه الخطأ، هندخل فيه مشاكل يعني لا
+
+463
+00:29:55,950 --> 00:30:01,250
+داعية، لا ال plastic prisms and the prism bars are
+
+464
+00:30:01,250 --> 00:30:04,030
+calibrated according to the angle of minimum
+
+465
+00:30:04,030 --> 00:30:07,930
+deviation ال plastic prisms و ال prism bars
+
+466
+00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:20,660
+These prism bars and these plastic prisms are made
+
+467
+00:30:20,660 --> 00:30:27,140
+to hold the minimum angle of deviation, which
+
+468
+00:30:27,140 --> 00:30:29,860
+means that the deviation of light on the front
+
+469
+00:30:29,860 --> 00:30:32,240
+surface equals the deviation of light on the back
+
+470
+00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:35,960
+surfaceIt's necessary to stick to the position
+
+471
+00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:38,880
+that achieves the minimum angle of deviation How
+
+472
+00:30:38,880 --> 00:30:40,860
+do we know these things? We know them together,
+
+473
+00:30:41,020 --> 00:30:43,880
+how do we know them? Now we know them together, so
+
+474
+00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:46,880
+the plastic prisms and the prism bars must stick
+
+475
+00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:53,670
+to the minimum angle of deviationكيف انا امسك
+
+476
+00:30:53,670 --> 00:30:57,210
+الprismات هاي ال plastic prism او الprism bar كيف
+
+477
+00:30:57,210 --> 00:31:00,950
+امسكه في وضعية ال minimum angle of deviation عشان
+
+478
+00:31:00,950 --> 00:31:03,730
+اعمل هيك ال clinician should hold the plastic
+
+479
+00:31:03,730 --> 00:31:08,010
+prism in the frontal plane position يعني لازم ..
+
+480
+00:31:08,900 --> 00:31:13,260
+أحطه في ال plane تاع الجبهة تاعت المريض يعني موازي
+
+481
+00:31:13,260 --> 00:31:17,040
+لجبهة المريض مش موازي لاتجاه العين اللي فيها
+
+482
+00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:20,960
+الحوالى و هذا الكلام بالصورة هيتضحي الآن In other
+
+483
+00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:24,660
+words, the prism should be positioned so that its
+
+484
+00:31:24,660 --> 00:31:28,080
+back surface is parallel to the facial plane of
+
+485
+00:31:28,080 --> 00:31:31,900
+the patient, the frontal planeLet's see how it
+
+486
+00:31:31,900 --> 00:31:35,060
+works This is the minimum angle or the minimum
+
+487
+00:31:35,060 --> 00:31:38,380
+deviation position This is the back surface of the
+
+488
+00:31:38,380 --> 00:31:42,700
+prism This is the back surface of the prism And
+
+489
+00:31:42,700 --> 00:31:44,720
+this is the face of the patient, both are parallel
+
+490
+00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,900
+to each other If I want to hold him in the
+
+491
+00:31:46,900 --> 00:31:49,100
+direction around him, I should hold him this way
+
+492
+00:31:49,100 --> 00:31:52,840
+The first view is on the left This grip on the
+
+493
+00:31:52,840 --> 00:31:56,530
+plastic prism is wrongYou will say that I hold it
+
+494
+00:31:56,530 --> 00:31:59,550
+so that it is parallel to the eye. No, even if the
+
+495
+00:31:59,550 --> 00:32:01,570
+eye is in the position of the Exo, as we see
+
+496
+00:32:01,570 --> 00:32:04,070
+around the monster, or in the position of the Izo
+
+497
+00:32:04,070 --> 00:32:08,390
+around Onsi, or even Hyper or Hypo, meaning up or
+
+498
+00:32:08,390 --> 00:32:11,650
+down, I have nothing to do with it. The plastic
+
+499
+00:32:11,650 --> 00:32:14,310
+prism and the prism should also be parallel to the
+
+500
+00:32:14,310 --> 00:32:16,470
+face. The face as a whole means that this line
+
+501
+00:32:16,470 --> 00:32:22,240
+represents the frontal plane.The frontal plane is
+
+502
+00:32:22,240 --> 00:32:26,420
+the same as the frontal plane So the back surface
+
+503
+00:32:26,420 --> 00:32:33,480
+of the prism should be parallel to the face when
+
+504
+00:32:33,480 --> 00:32:40,110
+the minimum angle of deviation is highتساوى
+
+505
+00:32:40,110 --> 00:32:44,110
+الزاوية على انحراف السطر الأمامى، فبالتالي ضرورى
+
+506
+00:32:44,110 --> 00:32:50,560
+جدا ينمسك في وضعية ال minimum deviationWe have a
+
+507
+00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:55,020
+few medical companies that still produce
+
+508
+00:32:55,020 --> 00:33:00,260
+Glossoprism Glossoprism, if I have Glossoprism, I
+
+509
+00:33:00,260 --> 00:33:03,460
+have to keep it in the Prentice position What is
+
+510
+00:33:03,460 --> 00:33:07,240
+the Prentice position? It will be the visual axis
+
+511
+00:33:07,240 --> 00:33:10,560
+that will eventually reach and go through a line
+
+512
+00:33:11,180 --> 00:33:14,000
+It's similar to the visual axis. The light will
+
+513
+00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:19,660
+move, the target will move, and eventually it will
+
+514
+00:33:19,660 --> 00:33:22,860
+be aligned with the visual axis. So the visual
+
+515
+00:33:22,860 --> 00:33:25,820
+axis and the back surface of the prism must be
+
+516
+00:33:25,820 --> 00:33:28,960
+perpendicular to each other so that there is no
+
+517
+00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:31,360
+deviation here, and the deviation occurs due to
+
+518
+00:33:31,360 --> 00:33:33,480
+the light.Whoever comes from the target that the
+
+519
+00:33:33,480 --> 00:33:35,460
+patient is looking at only happens on the front
+
+520
+00:33:35,460 --> 00:33:38,600
+surface. So this is called the Prentice Position.
+
+521
+00:33:38,960 --> 00:33:40,860
+And this is the correct grip. So in the X axis, I
+
+522
+00:33:40,860 --> 00:33:43,320
+will hold it like this. In the Y axis, when the
+
+523
+00:33:43,320 --> 00:33:44,960
+eye is inside or inside, I will hold it the
+
+524
+00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:46,980
+opposite way. In this direction, but I will not be
+
+525
+00:33:46,980 --> 00:33:50,280
+parallel to the face, as we call it the frontal
+
+526
+00:33:50,280 --> 00:33:53,020
+plane position. No, in the Glossy Prism, we will
+
+527
+00:33:53,020 --> 00:33:55,560
+hold it in the Prentice Position. I will go with
+
+528
+00:33:55,560 --> 00:33:58,410
+the eye where it is going.I will be parallel to
+
+529
+00:33:58,410 --> 00:34:01,430
+the eye around it. Parallel to the eye around it.
+
+530
+00:34:01,730 --> 00:34:06,450
+So, prisms made of glass, and to make sure, not
+
+531
+00:34:06,450 --> 00:34:08,170
+widely used, and this makes me comfortable, why?
+
+532
+00:34:08,250 --> 00:34:10,890
+Because, that's it, regardless of the minimum
+
+533
+00:34:10,890 --> 00:34:13,670
+deviation, it makes me comfortable that any
+
+534
+00:34:13,670 --> 00:34:15,990
+patient, regardless of the type of eye around him,
+
+535
+00:34:16,490 --> 00:34:19,930
+as long as I have a plastic prism, as long as I
+
+536
+00:34:19,930 --> 00:34:23,470
+have a plastic prism, I holdThis is the prism in
+
+537
+00:34:23,470 --> 00:34:26,030
+the frontal plane or the facial plane and I ask
+
+538
+00:34:26,030 --> 00:34:29,250
+why this is x and y and of course the base of the
+
+539
+00:34:29,250 --> 00:34:31,490
+prism must have a specific position or it will be
+
+540
+00:34:31,490 --> 00:34:35,190
+taken in the science of rotation to put the rest
+
+541
+00:34:35,190 --> 00:34:37,770
+of the base in or base out or base up or base
+
+542
+00:34:37,770 --> 00:34:40,690
+down, so this is according to .. that is, it will
+
+543
+00:34:40,690 --> 00:34:43,110
+come to explain the prisms of rotation, God
+
+544
+00:34:43,110 --> 00:34:48,280
+willing.prisms made of a glass not widely used are
+
+545
+00:34:48,280 --> 00:34:55,780
+calibrated according to
+
+546
+00:34:55,780 --> 00:34:59,080
+the Prentice position that is with one face of the
+
+547
+00:34:59,080 --> 00:35:01,960
+prism perpendicular to the direction in which the
+
+548
+00:35:01,960 --> 00:35:02,880
+eye is directed
+
+549
+00:35:05,680 --> 00:35:09,940
+العين في حالة الـ Exodirected بالاتجاه هذا فهيكون
+
+550
+00:35:09,940 --> 00:35:14,840
+أحد الأسطح عمودي على اتجاه العين أو ال direction
+
+551
+00:35:14,840 --> 00:35:20,820
+of the eye All of the bending occurs at the prism
+
+552
+00:35:20,820 --> 00:35:25,980
+interfaces فبالتالي الانحراف هيحدث على ال .. على
+
+553
+00:35:25,980 --> 00:35:30,640
+السطح التاني يعني ال deviation هيحدث على السطح
+
+554
+00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:39,860
+التاني طيبماذا يحدث إذا أنا مسكت glass prism بشكل
+
+555
+00:35:39,860 --> 00:35:44,680
+خاطئ in the frontal plane؟ هاي واحد عنده exo واحد
+
+556
+00:35:44,680 --> 00:35:49,340
+عنده exotropia مقدارها أربعين prism، ده يبطر،
+
+557
+00:35:49,340 --> 00:35:52,480
+مقدارها أربعين prism، ده يبطر، اللي حاول يقاس
+
+558
+00:35:52,480 --> 00:35:57,590
+بالprism، ده يبطر، زي قوة الprism، طيب40 Prism
+
+559
+00:35:57,590 --> 00:36:00,630
+diopter, I had a glass Prism, I was supposed to
+
+560
+00:36:00,630 --> 00:36:04,450
+hold it like this to give me 40, I held it like
+
+561
+00:36:04,450 --> 00:36:08,190
+what we see here, it is a glass Prism, it will
+
+562
+00:36:08,190 --> 00:36:12,830
+give me only 32إتنين و تلاتين بدل أربعين اتنين و
+
+563
+00:36:12,830 --> 00:36:15,750
+تلاتين يعني أنا guest أجلب تمانية فبالتالي هذه
+
+564
+00:36:15,750 --> 00:36:21,230
+قياس تقريبا خطأ يعني يعادل الخمس تقريبا خطأ يعادل
+
+565
+00:36:21,230 --> 00:36:24,690
+الخمس القياس راحي بدل أربعين guest اتنين و تلاتين
+
+566
+00:36:24,690 --> 00:36:28,190
+معناته عشرين في المية من القياس أنقص بعشرين في
+
+567
+00:36:28,190 --> 00:36:32,270
+المية من الحقيقة فبالتالي هي كخطأ يعني يعتبر خطأ
+
+568
+00:36:32,270 --> 00:36:36,630
+كبير نوعا ما وبالتالي ممكن يؤثر على المريض إذا if
+
+569
+00:36:36,630 --> 00:36:42,900
+the rear surface of is السطح الخلفي If 40-prism
+
+570
+00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:45,700
+diopter glass prism is erroneously held in the
+
+571
+00:36:45,700 --> 00:36:51,100
+frontal plane, only 32-prism diopter effect will
+
+572
+00:36:51,100 --> 00:36:54,440
+be achieved. This is the manner in which prism in
+
+573
+00:36:54,440 --> 00:36:57,820
+spectacle lens is measured on lensmeter with the
+
+574
+00:36:57,820 --> 00:37:00,900
+back surface of the spectacle lens flat against
+
+575
+00:37:00,900 --> 00:37:05,170
+the nose cone of the lensmeter.Of course, when you
+
+576
+00:37:05,170 --> 00:37:06,730
+measure the strength of the prism, you can measure
+
+577
+00:37:06,730 --> 00:37:11,470
+it on the lensmeter and place it so that the prism
+
+578
+00:37:11,470 --> 00:37:16,030
+will be inside the spectacle lens and the back
+
+579
+00:37:16,030 --> 00:37:18,650
+surface will be flat, so it will be in the
+
+580
+00:37:18,650 --> 00:37:23,530
+Prentice position, it will sit flat onThe nose
+
+581
+00:37:23,530 --> 00:37:26,990
+cone as we can see will be flat on the nose cone
+
+582
+00:37:26,990 --> 00:37:30,830
+of the lensmeter device that can fit lenses or can
+
+583
+00:37:30,830 --> 00:37:35,210
+also fit prismat. We will stop at this point and
+
+584
+00:37:35,210 --> 00:37:36,970
+give you wellness and peace be upon you.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/FRMi2nX0dPc.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,916 @@
+
+1
+00:00:01,400 --> 00:00:02,540
+In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
+
+2
+00:00:02,820 --> 00:00:05,960
+Today we have a problem that has a virtual image
+
+3
+00:00:05,960 --> 00:00:09,360
+and at the same time has a virtual object. We will
+
+4
+00:00:09,360 --> 00:00:12,140
+see what the problem is. This is the first plus
+
+5
+00:00:12,140 --> 00:00:16,180
+one diopter lens. On its left there is a 50 cm
+
+6
+00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:19,580
+object.between her and the lens number 2, 1 meter
+
+7
+00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:22,360
+distance. The strength of the second lens which is
+
+8
+00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:25,880
+plus 1.5 diopter. The second and third lenses are
+
+9
+00:00:25,880 --> 00:00:30,020
+50 centimeters apart. The third lens is plus 2
+
+10
+00:00:30,020 --> 00:00:32,820
+diopter. Requiring the final image and the total
+
+11
+00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:37,620
+transfers magnification, we will use this blue
+
+12
+00:00:37,620 --> 00:00:43,240
+square to hide and
+
+13
+00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:48,930
+deal with each lens one by one.to make things
+
+14
+00:00:48,930 --> 00:00:54,230
+easier Now, the first point we need to separate in
+
+15
+00:00:54,230 --> 00:01:00,830
+order to ..
+
+16
+00:01:00,830 --> 00:01:05,750
+Here I have an example by itself, a lens plus one
+
+17
+00:01:05,750 --> 00:01:10,470
+diopter, its body is fifty centimeters away from
+
+18
+00:01:10,470 --> 00:01:12,510
+it We say, we need to bring the picture
+
+19
+00:01:28,390 --> 00:01:35,730
+We say U is equal to minus N divided by O which is
+
+20
+00:01:35,730 --> 00:01:39,910
+equal to
+
+21
+00:01:39,910 --> 00:01:48,790
+minus 1 divided by half meter minus
+
+22
+00:01:48,790 --> 00:01:50,570
+1 divided by half meter
+
+23
+00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:11,320
+it's equal to minus 2 diopter minus 2 diopter
+
+24
+00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:16,380
+quickly I put here on the front surface minus 2
+
+25
+00:02:16,380 --> 00:02:19,680
+diopter which means that the light will reach a
+
+26
+00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:24,720
+wavelength of minus 2 diopter the power of the
+
+27
+00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:28,140
+lens plus 1 diopter is not enough we will see that
+
+28
+00:02:28,140 --> 00:02:32,560
+the light will reach a wavelength of u plus power
+
+29
+00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:33,640
+which is equal to v
+
+30
+00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:41,960
+u minus two diopter minus
+
+31
+00:02:41,960 --> 00:02:48,700
+two diopter plus one diopter power is equal to v
+
+32
+00:02:48,700 --> 00:02:55,260
+so v is equal to minus one diopter minus one
+
+33
+00:02:55,260 --> 00:03:02,200
+diopter quickly I put that the light will come out
+
+34
+00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:06,890
+with minus one diopterيعني الأشعة divergent،
+
+35
+00:03:06,890 --> 00:03:11,310
+الأشعة divergent مش هتكون صورة حقيقية، وإن ما اللي
+
+36
+00:03:11,310 --> 00:03:17,870
+هيتكون صورة تخيلية، مكانها على شمال العدسة، نشوف
+
+37
+00:03:17,870 --> 00:03:27,150
+ال I وين هتكون، V تساوي هنشرطة على I،
+
+38
+00:03:27,150 --> 00:03:37,200
+I تساوي هنشرطة على Vand it's equal to 1 divided by
+
+39
+00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:43,860
+v minus 1 as we can see and it's equal to 1
+
+40
+00:03:43,860 --> 00:03:46,260
+divided by minus 1 which is minus 1 and the
+
+41
+00:03:46,260 --> 00:03:51,240
+diopter meter minus 1 which is minus 1 meter which
+
+42
+00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:54,200
+is 1 meter on the left of the lens the picture
+
+43
+00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:59,200
+will be 1 meter away from the lens here I have 50
+
+44
+00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:04,870
+cm so it's 1 meter away from the lensThe image
+
+45
+00:04:04,870 --> 00:04:07,150
+should be imaginative. Imaginative.
+
+46
+00:04:20,910 --> 00:04:23,490
+We said that the imaginative image is preferred to
+
+47
+00:04:23,490 --> 00:04:31,020
+be drawn in a dotted shape on the basis ofIt means
+
+48
+00:04:31,020 --> 00:04:33,260
+that it is an imaginary image at a distance of one
+
+49
+00:04:33,260 --> 00:04:38,580
+meter. At a distance of one meter. That is, the
+
+50
+00:04:38,580 --> 00:04:41,640
+distance from this imaginary image to the lens is
+
+51
+00:04:41,640 --> 00:04:44,360
+one meter. One meter.
+
+52
+00:04:46,820 --> 00:04:49,960
+So, one meter is the distance
+
+53
+00:04:52,730 --> 00:04:55,770
+between the imaginary image and the first lens and
+
+54
+00:04:55,770 --> 00:04:57,950
+the first lens now we bring the transphase
+
+55
+00:04:57,950 --> 00:05:04,690
+magnification let's say T M1 is equal to U over V
+
+56
+00:05:04,690 --> 00:05:13,030
+is equal to minus two diopters over minus one
+
+57
+00:05:13,030 --> 00:05:21,550
+diopters is equal to X plusx plus 2 means that the
+
+58
+00:05:21,550 --> 00:05:23,670
+image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means that
+
+59
+00:05:23,670 --> 00:05:26,950
+the image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means
+
+60
+00:05:26,950 --> 00:05:31,270
+that the image is magnified and regular x plus 2
+
+61
+00:05:31,270 --> 00:05:33,210
+means that the image is magnified and regular x
+
+62
+00:05:33,210 --> 00:05:35,770
+plus 2 means that the image is magnified and
+
+63
+00:05:35,770 --> 00:05:37,670
+regular x plus 2 means that the image is magnified
+
+64
+00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:38,890
+and regular x plus 2 means that the image is
+
+65
+00:05:38,890 --> 00:05:39,110
+magnified and regular x plus 2 means that the
+
+66
+00:05:39,110 --> 00:05:39,150
+image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means that
+
+67
+00:05:39,150 --> 00:05:39,730
+that the image is magnified and regular x plus 2
+
+68
+00:05:39,730 --> 00:05:39,870
+means that the image is magnified and regular x
+
+69
+00:05:39,870 --> 00:05:39,950
+regular x plus 2 means that the image is magnified
+
+70
+00:05:39,950 --> 00:05:40,210
+and regular x plus 2 means that the image is
+
+71
+00:05:40,210 --> 00:05:41,890
+the image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means
+
+72
+00:05:41,890 --> 00:05:44,650
+that the image is magnified and regular x plus 2
+
+73
+00:05:44,650 --> 00:05:46,650
+means that the image is magnified and regular x
+
+74
+00:05:46,650 --> 00:05:52,110
+plus 2 means that the image isThe second lens, how
+
+75
+00:05:52,110 --> 00:05:59,630
+much the object is away from it I
+
+76
+00:05:59,630 --> 00:06:04,630
+will
+
+77
+00:06:04,630 --> 00:06:09,030
+delete this, the dotted line I will copy the cover
+
+78
+00:06:09,030 --> 00:06:16,200
+again to cover the first lensBut before I cover
+
+79
+00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:18,660
+the first lens, we say that the distance between
+
+80
+00:06:18,660 --> 00:06:21,940
+the two lenses is one meter. And the distance
+
+81
+00:06:21,940 --> 00:06:24,000
+between the first lens and its image, which will
+
+82
+00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:26,660
+be considered an object for the second lens, is
+
+83
+00:06:26,660 --> 00:06:29,580
+one meter. So one meter and one meter, two meters.
+
+84
+00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:32,840
+The body of the second lens is two meters away
+
+85
+00:06:32,840 --> 00:06:33,380
+from it.
+
+86
+00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:43,020
+I will add to it a drawing in red, because it is
+
+87
+00:06:43,020 --> 00:06:43,580
+blue.
+
+88
+00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:56,160
+Picture of the first lens is red because the
+
+89
+00:06:56,160 --> 00:06:59,440
+body
+
+90
+00:06:59,440 --> 00:07:10,060
+of the second lens is
+
+91
+00:07:10,060 --> 00:07:13,520
+two meters away from the lensthe second one which
+
+92
+00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:16,740
+is one meter from the first lens and the second
+
+93
+00:07:16,740 --> 00:07:18,060
+meter which is the distance between the two lenses
+
+94
+00:07:18,060 --> 00:07:24,220
+so O meters, O meters, we will start to solve in
+
+95
+00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:25,200
+the following way
+
+96
+00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:11,860
+نقول U تساوي ناقص N على O ويساوي ناقص واحد على
+
+97
+00:08:11,860 --> 00:08:20,240
+مترين على اتنين متر ويساوي ناقص نص ديوبتر
+
+98
+00:08:21,830 --> 00:08:24,550
+Quickly, I go and put that the light will come
+
+99
+00:08:24,550 --> 00:08:26,810
+from the first image, which is the body of the
+
+100
+00:08:26,810 --> 00:08:32,490
+second lens with a magnitude of minus half diopter
+
+101
+00:08:32,490 --> 00:08:37,730
+minus half diopter I put it on the front surface
+
+102
+00:08:37,730 --> 00:08:45,790
+of the lens Or
+
+103
+00:08:45,790 --> 00:08:48,430
+the light will come out with a magnitude of how
+
+104
+00:08:48,430 --> 00:08:50,210
+much we want to see, we say U
+
+105
+00:09:02,660 --> 00:09:09,660
+Plus one and a half diopter equals
+
+106
+00:09:09,660 --> 00:09:17,180
+V. So V equals plus
+
+107
+00:09:17,180 --> 00:09:24,100
+one diopter.إذا نضوح هيخروج متجمعا، هيخروج متجمعا
+
+108
+00:09:24,100 --> 00:09:35,520
+بمقدار
+
+109
+00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:41,160
+واحد ديوبترput this word from the back of the lens
+
+110
+00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:43,760
+it's like saying that the light will come out of
+
+111
+00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:49,120
+this lens in a group of one diopter in a group
+
+112
+00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:51,640
+that means it will form a real picture the
+
+113
+00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:57,020
+location of this picture we will know now V equals
+
+114
+00:09:57,020 --> 00:10:04,600
+conditional on I then
+
+115
+00:10:04,600 --> 00:10:05,040
+I
+
+116
+00:10:07,630 --> 00:10:12,430
+uncertainty on v is
+
+117
+00:10:12,430 --> 00:10:20,250
+equal to one over plus one diopter which is equal
+
+118
+00:10:20,250 --> 00:10:25,810
+to plus one meter so the picture is one meter away
+
+119
+00:10:25,810 --> 00:10:29,270
+from
+
+120
+00:10:29,270 --> 00:10:30,630
+the second lens
+
+121
+00:10:38,970 --> 00:10:43,310
+transfers magnification number 2 which is Tm2
+
+122
+00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:44,430
+which is the magnification of the second image
+
+123
+00:10:44,430 --> 00:10:47,930
+with respect to its body we say it is equal to U
+
+124
+00:10:47,930 --> 00:10:51,570
+over V which
+
+125
+00:10:51,570 --> 00:10:56,810
+is equal to U minus half a diopter and V plus one
+
+126
+00:10:56,810 --> 00:11:00,530
+diopter so minus half a diopter
+
+127
+00:11:14,260 --> 00:11:18,060
+x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y
+
+128
+00:11:18,060 --> 00:11:23,240
+-y-y
+
+129
+00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:23,380
+-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y
+
+130
+00:11:23,380 --> 00:11:23,600
+-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y
+
+131
+00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:23,680
+-y-y
+
+132
+00:11:30,080 --> 00:11:34,760
+this is tm2, this is tm2, now we want to draw the
+
+133
+00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:39,610
+image at a distanceplus one meter, plus one meter
+
+134
+00:11:39,610 --> 00:11:42,910
+from this lens Okay, let's cancel this temporarily
+
+135
+00:11:42,910 --> 00:11:46,570
+and say, one meter from the second lens, the
+
+136
+00:11:46,570 --> 00:11:48,750
+distance between the second lens and the third
+
+137
+00:11:48,750 --> 00:11:51,610
+lens is fifty centimeters, so the picture of this
+
+138
+00:11:51,610 --> 00:11:56,990
+lens will come here, one meter from the second
+
+139
+00:11:56,990 --> 00:12:01,290
+lens or fifty centimeters from the third lens,
+
+140
+00:12:01,430 --> 00:12:04,610
+from the third lens, a real picture because the V
+
+141
+00:12:04,610 --> 00:12:08,280
+is in the plus signSo this is the picture of the
+
+142
+00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:14,280
+lens number two
+
+143
+00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:20,380
+or the second picture, a real picture It will be
+
+144
+00:12:20,380 --> 00:12:23,520
+handy in this way, this is one meter away from the
+
+145
+00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:27,900
+lens number two or fifty centimeters away from the
+
+146
+00:12:27,900 --> 00:12:30,060
+lens number three
+
+147
+00:12:36,300 --> 00:12:38,260
+Fifty centimeters and fifty centimeters is one
+
+148
+00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:43,340
+meter. So from here to here is one meter. Of
+
+149
+00:12:43,340 --> 00:12:46,700
+course this lens number or sorry this picture
+
+150
+00:12:46,700 --> 00:12:50,640
+number two will be considered a body of the third
+
+151
+00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:53,500
+lens, will be considered a body of the third lens,
+
+152
+00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:56,420
+but a virtual body, a virtual body
+
+153
+00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:06,800
+I will draw him in a high position, so he can be
+
+154
+00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:08,700
+seen, and we want to put him here
+
+155
+00:13:21,070 --> 00:13:24,610
+to get closer to the color of the lens. So this is
+
+156
+00:13:24,610 --> 00:13:27,090
+the body of the lens. This is a virtual object.
+
+157
+00:13:27,550 --> 00:13:30,310
+Why virtual object? Because the light will not
+
+158
+00:13:30,310 --> 00:13:34,390
+reach to form it and then come back and rotate and
+
+159
+00:13:34,390 --> 00:13:36,990
+come back. No. The light will hit the surface of
+
+160
+00:13:36,990 --> 00:13:40,670
+the lens number three and it is coming from the
+
+161
+00:13:40,670 --> 00:13:42,390
+lens number two and it is in a state of
+
+162
+00:13:42,390 --> 00:13:47,350
+conversion.which is in case of convergence, of
+
+163
+00:13:47,350 --> 00:13:51,330
+course the light that comes out of a real body is
+
+164
+00:13:51,330 --> 00:13:54,290
+always divergent from a real body, whether it is
+
+165
+00:13:54,290 --> 00:13:56,570
+really real or a picture that is considered the
+
+166
+00:13:56,570 --> 00:14:01,730
+body of the next lens, so in case of light hitting
+
+167
+00:14:01,730 --> 00:14:03,550
+the front surface of the lens and it is
+
+168
+00:14:03,550 --> 00:14:06,410
+convergent, it means the body is virtual, the body
+
+169
+00:14:06,410 --> 00:14:11,790
+is virtual and therefore we deal with it as a
+
+170
+00:14:11,790 --> 00:14:12,930
+virtual object
+
+171
+00:14:16,220 --> 00:14:18,420
+The light will clash with the front surface of the
+
+172
+00:14:18,420 --> 00:14:23,240
+lens, which is convergent if I have a virtual
+
+173
+00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:25,860
+object coming from the other side, that is, the
+
+174
+00:14:25,860 --> 00:14:30,480
+light will clash with the lens before it forms
+
+175
+00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:34,080
+this image Before it forms this image, we now want
+
+176
+00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:40,240
+to deal with the third lens alone We want to copy
+
+177
+00:14:40,240 --> 00:14:42,600
+this square that helps us in mapping
+
+178
+00:14:50,880 --> 00:14:53,860
+Of course the lens here is the third number which
+
+179
+00:14:53,860 --> 00:15:02,120
+is 2 diopter plus 2 diopter Now let's say this is
+
+180
+00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:04,820
+the picture of the lens number 2 which is the body
+
+181
+00:15:04,820 --> 00:15:09,260
+of the lens number 3 and coming to its right 50 cm
+
+182
+00:15:09,260 --> 00:15:11,380
+away from it You see where the last picture will
+
+183
+00:15:11,380 --> 00:15:11,900
+be formed
+
+184
+00:15:23,350 --> 00:15:27,070
+We say U is equal to, this time we will say, plus
+
+185
+00:15:27,070 --> 00:15:31,230
+N over O Why plus? Because it is convergent when
+
+186
+00:15:31,230 --> 00:15:37,790
+it collides with the mirror Plus one over O
+
+187
+00:15:37,790 --> 00:15:39,530
+fifty centimeters, which is half a meter
+
+188
+00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:47,900
+and it's equal to plus two diopters so the light
+
+189
+00:15:47,900 --> 00:15:51,360
+will reach two diopters to the surface of the lens
+
+190
+00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:53,700
+number three to the surface of the lens number
+
+191
+00:15:53,700 --> 00:15:58,620
+three we
+
+192
+00:15:58,620 --> 00:16:04,080
+will record two diopters on the surface of the
+
+193
+00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:07,140
+front lens plus two diopters and the power of the
+
+194
+00:16:07,140 --> 00:16:10,240
+lens is also plus two diopters either you see how
+
+195
+00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:22,590
+tur
+
+223
+00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:34,320
+بالنسبة للجسم بتاعها، بالنسبة للجسم بتاعها
+
+224
+00:19:41,010 --> 00:19:43,290
+What does x plus half mean? It's a regular picture
+
+225
+00:19:43,290 --> 00:19:46,190
+like its body, this is its body, this is the body
+
+226
+00:19:46,190 --> 00:19:49,990
+of the picture, and it's regular like it, it's not
+
+227
+00:19:49,990 --> 00:19:52,170
+upside down, it's not upside down, and it's half
+
+228
+00:19:52,170 --> 00:19:55,590
+height, so if it's 10 centimeters high, the height
+
+229
+00:19:55,590 --> 00:19:59,430
+of this picture is 5 centimeters, 5 centimeters,
+
+230
+00:19:59,470 --> 00:20:01,790
+so this is how the problem was solved, this is the
+
+231
+00:20:01,790 --> 00:20:04,510
+final picture of the third lens, this is picture
+
+232
+00:20:04,510 --> 00:20:07,610
+number two, which we considered the virtual object
+
+233
+00:20:07,610 --> 00:20:11,940
+of the third lens, now let's discover before we get
+
+234
+00:20:11,940 --> 00:20:14,360
+the total transfers magnification that's how the
+
+235
+00:20:14,360 --> 00:20:16,800
+solution is arranged and there is no problem in it
+
+236
+00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:19,680
+we keep getting the total transfers magnification
+
+237
+00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:29,040
+which is total Tm equals Tm1 which is plus two
+
+238
+00:20:29,040 --> 00:20:33,260
+plus
+
+239
+00:20:33,260 --> 00:20:34,140
+two times
+
+240
+00:20:39,020 --> 00:20:48,140
+tm2 minus half times
+
+241
+00:20:48,140 --> 00:20:55,160
+tm3
+
+242
+00:20:55,160 --> 00:21:02,460
+which is plus half plus half equals
+
+243
+00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:09,360
+Of course, plus in minus in plus, minus, in the
+
+244
+00:21:09,360 --> 00:21:14,320
+end minus Let's put an x sign, minus, the picture
+
+245
+00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:18,000
+is upside down, the final picture for the primary
+
+246
+00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:23,080
+first body is upside down, minus Okay, two in half
+
+247
+00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:31,280
+in one, and one in half in half, x minus half هدا
+
+248
+00:21:31,280 --> 00:21:34,220
+هو التكبير النهائي، إذا الصورة النهائية بالنسبة
+
+249
+00:21:34,220 --> 00:21:39,120
+للجسم الأول، الصورة النهائية بالنسبة للجسم الأول
+
+250
+00:21:39,120 --> 00:21:46,360
+مجلوبة وجات نصف، وجات نصف، هيك بتنتهي المسألة،
+
+251
+00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:49,680
+طبعا فيها virtual image اللي هي الصورة الأولى،
+
+252
+00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:54,980
+virtual image وفيها virtual object اللي هي الصورة
+
+253
+00:21:54,980 --> 00:21:59,280
+التانية الصورة الأولى virtual image الصورة التانية
+
+254
+00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:04,680
+تعتبر virtual object للعدسة التالتة وهيك بتنتهي
+
+255
+00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:08,000
+المسألة ويعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله
+
+256
+00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:09,100
+وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/FRMi2nX0dPc_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1084 @@
+1
+00:00:01,400 --> 00:00:02,540
+In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
+
+2
+00:00:02,820 --> 00:00:05,960
+Today we have a problem that has a virtual image
+
+3
+00:00:05,960 --> 00:00:09,360
+and at the same time has a virtual object. We will
+
+4
+00:00:09,360 --> 00:00:12,140
+see what the problem is. This is the first plus
+
+5
+00:00:12,140 --> 00:00:16,180
+one diopter lens. On its left there is a 50 cm
+
+6
+00:00:16,180 --> 00:00:19,580
+object.between her and the lens number 2, 1 meter
+
+7
+00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:22,360
+distance. The strength of the second lens which is
+
+8
+00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:25,880
+plus 1.5 diopter. The second and third lenses are
+
+9
+00:00:25,880 --> 00:00:30,020
+50 centimeters apart. The third lens is plus 2
+
+10
+00:00:30,020 --> 00:00:32,820
+diopter. Requiring the final image and the total
+
+11
+00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:37,620
+transfers magnification, we will use this blue
+
+12
+00:00:37,620 --> 00:00:43,240
+square to hide and
+
+13
+00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:48,930
+deal with each lens one by one.to make things
+
+14
+00:00:48,930 --> 00:00:54,230
+easier Now, the first point we need to separate in
+
+15
+00:00:54,230 --> 00:01:00,830
+order to ..
+
+16
+00:01:00,830 --> 00:01:05,750
+Here I have an example by itself, a lens plus one
+
+17
+00:01:05,750 --> 00:01:10,470
+diopter, its body is fifty centimeters away from
+
+18
+00:01:10,470 --> 00:01:12,510
+it We say, we need to bring the picture
+
+19
+00:01:28,390 --> 00:01:35,730
+We say U is equal to minus N divided by O which is
+
+20
+00:01:35,730 --> 00:01:39,910
+equal to
+
+21
+00:01:39,910 --> 00:01:48,790
+minus 1 divided by half meter minus
+
+22
+00:01:48,790 --> 00:01:50,570
+1 divided by half meter
+
+23
+00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:11,320
+it's equal to minus 2 diopter minus 2 diopter
+
+24
+00:02:11,320 --> 00:02:16,380
+quickly I put here on the front surface minus 2
+
+25
+00:02:16,380 --> 00:02:19,680
+diopter which means that the light will reach a
+
+26
+00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:24,720
+wavelength of minus 2 diopter the power of the
+
+27
+00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:28,140
+lens plus 1 diopter is not enough we will see that
+
+28
+00:02:28,140 --> 00:02:32,560
+the light will reach a wavelength of u plus power
+
+29
+00:02:32,560 --> 00:02:33,640
+which is equal to v
+
+30
+00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:41,960
+u minus two diopter minus
+
+31
+00:02:41,960 --> 00:02:48,700
+two diopter plus one diopter power is equal to v
+
+32
+00:02:48,700 --> 00:02:55,260
+so v is equal to minus one diopter minus one
+
+33
+00:02:55,260 --> 00:03:02,200
+diopter quickly I put that the light will come out
+
+34
+00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:06,890
+with minus one diopterيعني الأشعة divergent،
+
+35
+00:03:06,890 --> 00:03:11,310
+الأشعة divergent مش هتكون صورة حقيقية، وإن ما اللي
+
+36
+00:03:11,310 --> 00:03:17,870
+هيتكون صورة تخيلية، مكانها على شمال العدسة، نشوف
+
+37
+00:03:17,870 --> 00:03:27,150
+ال I وين هتكون، V تساوي هنشرطة على I،
+
+38
+00:03:27,150 --> 00:03:37,200
+I تساوي هنشرطة على Vand it's equal to 1 divided by
+
+39
+00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:43,860
+v minus 1 as we can see and it's equal to 1
+
+40
+00:03:43,860 --> 00:03:46,260
+divided by minus 1 which is minus 1 and the
+
+41
+00:03:46,260 --> 00:03:51,240
+diopter meter minus 1 which is minus 1 meter which
+
+42
+00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:54,200
+is 1 meter on the left of the lens the picture
+
+43
+00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:59,200
+will be 1 meter away from the lens here I have 50
+
+44
+00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:04,870
+cm so it's 1 meter away from the lensThe image
+
+45
+00:04:04,870 --> 00:04:07,150
+should be imaginative. Imaginative.
+
+46
+00:04:20,910 --> 00:04:23,490
+We said that the imaginative image is preferred to
+
+47
+00:04:23,490 --> 00:04:31,020
+be drawn in a dotted shape on the basis ofIt means
+
+48
+00:04:31,020 --> 00:04:33,260
+that it is an imaginary image at a distance of one
+
+49
+00:04:33,260 --> 00:04:38,580
+meter. At a distance of one meter. That is, the
+
+50
+00:04:38,580 --> 00:04:41,640
+distance from this imaginary image to the lens is
+
+51
+00:04:41,640 --> 00:04:44,360
+one meter. One meter.
+
+52
+00:04:46,820 --> 00:04:49,960
+So, one meter is the distance
+
+53
+00:04:52,730 --> 00:04:55,770
+between the imaginary image and the first lens and
+
+54
+00:04:55,770 --> 00:04:57,950
+the first lens now we bring the transphase
+
+55
+00:04:57,950 --> 00:05:04,690
+magnification let's say T M1 is equal to U over V
+
+56
+00:05:04,690 --> 00:05:13,030
+is equal to minus two diopters over minus one
+
+57
+00:05:13,030 --> 00:05:21,550
+diopters is equal to X plusx plus 2 means that the
+
+58
+00:05:21,550 --> 00:05:23,670
+image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means that
+
+59
+00:05:23,670 --> 00:05:26,950
+the image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means
+
+60
+00:05:26,950 --> 00:05:31,270
+that the image is magnified and regular x plus 2
+
+61
+00:05:31,270 --> 00:05:33,210
+means that the image is magnified and regular x
+
+62
+00:05:33,210 --> 00:05:35,770
+plus 2 means that the image is magnified and
+
+63
+00:05:35,770 --> 00:05:37,670
+regular x plus 2 means that the image is magnified
+
+64
+00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:38,890
+and regular x plus 2 means that the image is
+
+65
+00:05:38,890 --> 00:05:39,110
+magnified and regular x plus 2 means that the
+
+66
+00:05:39,110 --> 00:05:39,150
+image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means that
+
+67
+00:05:39,150 --> 00:05:39,150
+the image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means
+
+68
+00:05:39,150 --> 00:05:39,730
+that the image is magnified and regular x plus 2
+
+69
+00:05:39,730 --> 00:05:39,870
+means that the image is magnified and regular x
+
+70
+00:05:39,870 --> 00:05:39,870
+plus 2 means that the image is magnified and
+
+71
+00:05:39,870 --> 00:05:39,950
+regular x plus 2 means that the image is magnified
+
+72
+00:05:39,950 --> 00:05:40,210
+and regular x plus 2 means that the image is
+
+73
+00:05:40,210 --> 00:05:40,210
+magnified and regular x plus 2 means that the
+
+74
+00:05:40,210 --> 00:05:40,210
+image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means that
+
+75
+00:05:40,210 --> 00:05:41,890
+the image is magnified and regular x plus 2 means
+
+76
+00:05:41,890 --> 00:05:44,650
+that the image is magnified and regular x plus 2
+
+77
+00:05:44,650 --> 00:05:46,650
+means that the image is magnified and regular x
+
+78
+00:05:46,650 --> 00:05:52,110
+plus 2 means that the image isThe second lens, how
+
+79
+00:05:52,110 --> 00:05:59,630
+much the object is away from it I
+
+80
+00:05:59,630 --> 00:06:04,630
+will
+
+81
+00:06:04,630 --> 00:06:09,030
+delete this, the dotted line I will copy the cover
+
+82
+00:06:09,030 --> 00:06:16,200
+again to cover the first lensBut before I cover
+
+83
+00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:18,660
+the first lens, we say that the distance between
+
+84
+00:06:18,660 --> 00:06:21,940
+the two lenses is one meter. And the distance
+
+85
+00:06:21,940 --> 00:06:24,000
+between the first lens and its image, which will
+
+86
+00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:26,660
+be considered an object for the second lens, is
+
+87
+00:06:26,660 --> 00:06:29,580
+one meter. So one meter and one meter, two meters.
+
+88
+00:06:29,840 --> 00:06:32,840
+The body of the second lens is two meters away
+
+89
+00:06:32,840 --> 00:06:33,380
+from it.
+
+90
+00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:43,020
+I will add to it a drawing in red, because it is
+
+91
+00:06:43,020 --> 00:06:43,580
+blue.
+
+92
+00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:56,160
+Picture of the first lens is red because the
+
+93
+00:06:56,160 --> 00:06:59,440
+body
+
+94
+00:06:59,440 --> 00:07:10,060
+of the second lens is
+
+95
+00:07:10,060 --> 00:07:13,520
+two meters away from the lensthe second one which
+
+96
+00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:16,740
+is one meter from the first lens and the second
+
+97
+00:07:16,740 --> 00:07:18,060
+meter which is the distance between the two lenses
+
+98
+00:07:18,060 --> 00:07:24,220
+so O meters, O meters, we will start to solve in
+
+99
+00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:25,200
+the following way
+
+100
+00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:11,860
+نقول U تساوي ناقص N على O ويساوي ناقص واحد على
+
+101
+00:08:11,860 --> 00:08:20,240
+مترين على اتنين متر ويساوي ناقص نص ديوبتر
+
+102
+00:08:21,830 --> 00:08:24,550
+Quickly, I go and put that the light will come
+
+103
+00:08:24,550 --> 00:08:26,810
+from the first image, which is the body of the
+
+104
+00:08:26,810 --> 00:08:32,490
+second lens with a magnitude of minus half diopter
+
+105
+00:08:32,490 --> 00:08:37,730
+minus half diopter I put it on the front surface
+
+106
+00:08:37,730 --> 00:08:45,790
+of the lens Or
+
+107
+00:08:45,790 --> 00:08:48,430
+the light will come out with a magnitude of how
+
+108
+00:08:48,430 --> 00:08:50,210
+much we want to see, we say U
+
+109
+00:09:02,660 --> 00:09:09,660
+Plus one and a half diopter equals
+
+110
+00:09:09,660 --> 00:09:17,180
+V. So V equals plus
+
+111
+00:09:17,180 --> 00:09:24,100
+one diopter.إذا نضوح هيخروج متجمعا، هيخروج متجمعا
+
+112
+00:09:24,100 --> 00:09:35,520
+بمقدار
+
+113
+00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:41,160
+واحد ديوبترput this word from the back of the lens
+
+114
+00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:43,760
+it's like saying that the light will come out of
+
+115
+00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:49,120
+this lens in a group of one diopter in a group
+
+116
+00:09:49,120 --> 00:09:51,640
+that means it will form a real picture the
+
+117
+00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:57,020
+location of this picture we will know now V equals
+
+118
+00:09:57,020 --> 00:10:04,600
+conditional on I then
+
+119
+00:10:04,600 --> 00:10:05,040
+I
+
+120
+00:10:07,630 --> 00:10:12,430
+uncertainty on v is
+
+121
+00:10:12,430 --> 00:10:20,250
+equal to one over plus one diopter which is equal
+
+122
+00:10:20,250 --> 00:10:25,810
+to plus one meter so the picture is one meter away
+
+123
+00:10:25,810 --> 00:10:29,270
+from
+
+124
+00:10:29,270 --> 00:10:30,630
+the second lens
+
+125
+00:10:38,970 --> 00:10:43,310
+transfers magnification number 2 which is Tm2
+
+126
+00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:44,430
+which is the magnification of the second image
+
+127
+00:10:44,430 --> 00:10:47,930
+with respect to its body we say it is equal to U
+
+128
+00:10:47,930 --> 00:10:51,570
+over V which
+
+129
+00:10:51,570 --> 00:10:56,810
+is equal to U minus half a diopter and V plus one
+
+130
+00:10:56,810 --> 00:11:00,530
+diopter so minus half a diopter
+
+131
+00:11:14,260 --> 00:11:18,060
+x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y
+
+132
+00:11:18,060 --> 00:11:23,240
+-y-y
+
+133
+00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:23,380
+-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y
+
+134
+00:11:23,380 --> 00:11:23,380
+-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y
+
+135
+00:11:23,380 --> 00:11:23,600
+-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y-y
+
+136
+00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:23,680
+-y-y
+
+137
+00:11:30,080 --> 00:11:34,760
+this is tm2, this is tm2, now we want to draw the
+
+138
+00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:39,610
+image at a distanceplus one meter, plus one meter
+
+139
+00:11:39,610 --> 00:11:42,910
+from this lens Okay, let's cancel this temporarily
+
+140
+00:11:42,910 --> 00:11:46,570
+and say, one meter from the second lens, the
+
+141
+00:11:46,570 --> 00:11:48,750
+distance between the second lens and the third
+
+142
+00:11:48,750 --> 00:11:51,610
+lens is fifty centimeters, so the picture of this
+
+143
+00:11:51,610 --> 00:11:56,990
+lens will come here, one meter from the second
+
+144
+00:11:56,990 --> 00:12:01,290
+lens or fifty centimeters from the third lens,
+
+145
+00:12:01,430 --> 00:12:04,610
+from the third lens, a real picture because the V
+
+146
+00:12:04,610 --> 00:12:08,280
+is in the plus signSo this is the picture of the
+
+147
+00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:14,280
+lens number two
+
+148
+00:12:14,280 --> 00:12:20,380
+or the second picture, a real picture It will be
+
+149
+00:12:20,380 --> 00:12:23,520
+handy in this way, this is one meter away from the
+
+150
+00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:27,900
+lens number two or fifty centimeters away from the
+
+151
+00:12:27,900 --> 00:12:30,060
+lens number three
+
+152
+00:12:36,300 --> 00:12:38,260
+Fifty centimeters and fifty centimeters is one
+
+153
+00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:43,340
+meter. So from here to here is one meter. Of
+
+154
+00:12:43,340 --> 00:12:46,700
+course this lens number or sorry this picture
+
+155
+00:12:46,700 --> 00:12:50,640
+number two will be considered a body of the third
+
+156
+00:12:50,640 --> 00:12:53,500
+lens, will be considered a body of the third lens,
+
+157
+00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:56,420
+but a virtual body, a virtual body
+
+158
+00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:06,800
+I will draw him in a high position, so he can be
+
+159
+00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:08,700
+seen, and we want to put him here
+
+160
+00:13:21,070 --> 00:13:24,610
+to get closer to the color of the lens. So this is
+
+161
+00:13:24,610 --> 00:13:27,090
+the body of the lens. This is a virtual object.
+
+162
+00:13:27,550 --> 00:13:30,310
+Why virtual object? Because the light will not
+
+163
+00:13:30,310 --> 00:13:34,390
+reach to form it and then come back and rotate and
+
+164
+00:13:34,390 --> 00:13:36,990
+come back. No. The light will hit the surface of
+
+165
+00:13:36,990 --> 00:13:40,670
+the lens number three and it is coming from the
+
+166
+00:13:40,670 --> 00:13:42,390
+lens number two and it is in a state of
+
+167
+00:13:42,390 --> 00:13:47,350
+conversion.which is in case of convergence, of
+
+168
+00:13:47,350 --> 00:13:51,330
+course the light that comes out of a real body is
+
+169
+00:13:51,330 --> 00:13:54,290
+always divergent from a real body, whether it is
+
+170
+00:13:54,290 --> 00:13:56,570
+really real or a picture that is considered the
+
+171
+00:13:56,570 --> 00:14:01,730
+body of the next lens, so in case of light hitting
+
+172
+00:14:01,730 --> 00:14:03,550
+the front surface of the lens and it is
+
+173
+00:14:03,550 --> 00:14:06,410
+convergent, it means the body is virtual, the body
+
+174
+00:14:06,410 --> 00:14:11,790
+is virtual and therefore we deal with it as a
+
+175
+00:14:11,790 --> 00:14:12,930
+virtual object
+
+176
+00:14:16,220 --> 00:14:18,420
+The light will clash with the front surface of the
+
+177
+00:14:18,420 --> 00:14:23,240
+lens, which is convergent if I have a virtual
+
+178
+00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:25,860
+object coming from the other side, that is, the
+
+179
+00:14:25,860 --> 00:14:30,480
+light will clash with the lens before it forms
+
+180
+00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:34,080
+this image Before it forms this image, we now want
+
+181
+00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:40,240
+to deal with the third lens alone We want to copy
+
+182
+00:14:40,240 --> 00:14:42,600
+this square that helps us in mapping
+
+183
+00:14:50,880 --> 00:14:53,860
+Of course the lens here is the third number which
+
+184
+00:14:53,860 --> 00:15:02,120
+is 2 diopter plus 2 diopter Now let's say this is
+
+185
+00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:04,820
+the picture of the lens number 2 which is the body
+
+186
+00:15:04,820 --> 00:15:09,260
+of the lens number 3 and coming to its right 50 cm
+
+187
+00:15:09,260 --> 00:15:11,380
+away from it You see where the last picture will
+
+188
+00:15:11,380 --> 00:15:11,900
+be formed
+
+189
+00:15:23,350 --> 00:15:27,070
+We say U is equal to, this time we will say, plus
+
+190
+00:15:27,070 --> 00:15:31,230
+N over O Why plus? Because it is convergent when
+
+191
+00:15:31,230 --> 00:15:37,790
+it collides with the mirror Plus one over O
+
+192
+00:15:37,790 --> 00:15:39,530
+fifty centimeters, which is half a meter
+
+193
+00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:47,900
+and it's equal to plus two diopters so the light
+
+194
+00:15:47,900 --> 00:15:51,360
+will reach two diopters to the surface of the lens
+
+195
+00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:53,700
+number three to the surface of the lens number
+
+196
+00:15:53,700 --> 00:15:58,620
+three we
+
+197
+00:15:58,620 --> 00:16:04,080
+will record two diopters on the surface of the
+
+198
+00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:07,140
+front lens plus two diopters and the power of the
+
+199
+00:16:07,140 --> 00:16:10,240
+lens is also plus two diopters either you see how
+
+200
+00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:22,590
+turbulent the light will come outwe say u plus two
+
+201
+00:16:22,590 --> 00:16:29,290
+diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters plus
+
+202
+00:16:29,290 --> 00:16:29,290
+two diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters
+
+203
+00:16:29,290 --> 00:16:29,290
+plus two diopters plus two diopters plus two
+
+204
+00:16:29,290 --> 00:16:33,590
+diopters plus two
+
+205
+00:16:33,590 --> 00:16:33,590
+diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters plus
+
+206
+00:16:33,590 --> 00:16:37,610
+two diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters
+
+207
+00:16:37,610 --> 00:16:39,690
+plus two diopters plus two diopters plus two
+
+208
+00:16:39,690 --> 00:16:40,050
+diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters plus
+
+209
+00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:40,050
+two diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters
+
+210
+00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:40,050
+plus two diopters plus two diopters plus two
+
+211
+00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:40,050
+diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters plus
+
+212
+00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:40,050
+two diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters
+
+213
+00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:40,050
+plus two diopters plus two diopters plus two
+
+214
+00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:40,230
+diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters plus
+
+215
+00:16:40,230 --> 00:16:40,230
+two diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters
+
+216
+00:16:40,230 --> 00:16:40,230
+plus two diopters plus two diopters plus two
+
+217
+00:16:40,230 --> 00:16:40,450
+diopters plus two diopters plus two diopters plus
+
+218
+00:16:41,820 --> 00:16:53,420
+Plus four diopters As
+
+219
+00:16:53,420 --> 00:16:57,980
+the light emits a convergence, plus four diopters,
+
+220
+00:16:58,060 --> 00:17:01,700
+it will form a real picture Where is this real
+
+221
+00:17:01,700 --> 00:17:06,080
+picture? We say V is equal to I
+
+222
+00:17:10,420 --> 00:17:18,400
+إذن I تساوي أنشرط على V ويساوي
+
+223
+00:17:18,400 --> 00:17:29,760
+1 على plus 4 ديوبتر ويساوي plus ربع متر plus ربع
+
+224
+00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:33,130
+and the diopter in the position goes up and
+
+225
+00:17:33,130 --> 00:17:38,090
+becomes meter so the image is quarter meter or 25
+
+226
+00:17:38,090 --> 00:17:47,030
+cm from the third lens from the third lens we come
+
+227
+00:17:47,030 --> 00:17:49,590
+to transphase magnification first of all this is
+
+228
+00:17:49,590 --> 00:17:51,470
+the place of the image this is the place of the
+
+229
+00:17:51,470 --> 00:17:55,610
+image quarter meter away quarter meter away
+
+230
+00:17:59,220 --> 00:18:20,600
+From the lens number 3 So,
+
+231
+00:18:21,280 --> 00:18:24,260
+this picture is on a square meter, it's an African
+
+232
+00:18:24,260 --> 00:18:28,040
+picture 25 cm wide
+
+233
+00:18:44,250 --> 00:18:48,630
+transfers magnification how much it will be
+
+234
+00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:07,580
+TM3 is equal to U over V is
+
+235
+00:19:07,580 --> 00:19:17,740
+equal to plus 2 diopter over plus 4 diopter is
+
+236
+00:19:17,740 --> 00:19:23,740
+equal to plus over plus X plus half
+
+237
+00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:31,200
+إذن هذا التكبير رقم تلاتة، يعني تكبير الصورة
+
+238
+00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:34,320
+بالنسبة للجسم بتاعها، بالنسبة للجسم بتاعها
+
+239
+00:19:41,010 --> 00:19:43,290
+What does x plus half mean? It's a regular picture
+
+240
+00:19:43,290 --> 00:19:46,190
+like its body, this is its body, this is the body
+
+241
+00:19:46,190 --> 00:19:49,990
+of the picture, and it's regular like it, it's not
+
+242
+00:19:49,990 --> 00:19:52,170
+upside down, it's not upside down, and it's half
+
+243
+00:19:52,170 --> 00:19:55,590
+height, so if it's 10 centimeters high, the height
+
+244
+00:19:55,590 --> 00:19:59,430
+of this picture is 5 centimeters, 5 centimeters,
+
+245
+00:19:59,470 --> 00:20:01,790
+so this is how the problem was solved, this is the
+
+246
+00:20:01,790 --> 00:20:04,510
+final picture of the third lens, this is picture
+
+247
+00:20:04,510 --> 00:20:07,610
+number two, which we considered the virtual object
+
+248
+00:20:07,610 --> 00:20:11,940
+of the third lens, now let's discoverbefore we get
+
+249
+00:20:11,940 --> 00:20:14,360
+the total transfers magnification that's how the
+
+250
+00:20:14,360 --> 00:20:16,800
+solution is arranged and there is no problem in it
+
+251
+00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:19,680
+we keep getting the total transfers magnification
+
+252
+00:20:19,680 --> 00:20:29,040
+which is total Tm equals Tm1 which is plus two
+
+253
+00:20:29,040 --> 00:20:33,260
+plus
+
+254
+00:20:33,260 --> 00:20:34,140
+two times
+
+255
+00:20:39,020 --> 00:20:48,140
+tm2 minus half times
+
+256
+00:20:48,140 --> 00:20:55,160
+tm3
+
+257
+00:20:55,160 --> 00:21:02,460
+which is plus half plus half equals
+
+258
+00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:09,360
+Of course, plus in minus in plus, minus, in the
+
+259
+00:21:09,360 --> 00:21:14,320
+end minus Let's put an x sign, minus, the picture
+
+260
+00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:18,000
+is upside down, the final picture for the primary
+
+261
+00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:23,080
+first body is upside down, minus Okay, two in half
+
+262
+00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:31,280
+in one, and one in half in half, x minus halfهدا
+
+263
+00:21:31,280 --> 00:21:34,220
+هو التكبير النهائي، إذا الصورة النهائية بالنسبة
+
+264
+00:21:34,220 --> 00:21:39,120
+للجسم الأول، الصورة النهائية بالنسبة للجسم الأول
+
+265
+00:21:39,120 --> 00:21:46,360
+مجلوبة وجات نصف، وجات نصف، هيك بتنتهي المسألة،
+
+266
+00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:49,680
+طبعا فيها virtual image اللي هي الصورة الأولى،
+
+267
+00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:54,980
+virtual imageوفيها virtual object اللي هي الصورة
+
+268
+00:21:54,980 --> 00:21:59,280
+التانية الصورة الأولى virtual image الصورة التانية
+
+269
+00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:04,680
+تعتبر virtual object للعدسة التالتة وهيك بتنتهي
+
+270
+00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:08,000
+المسألة ويعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله
+
+271
+00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:09,100
+وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/HJqn-3xsX3k.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1006 @@
+1
+00:00:01,300 --> 00:00:04,160
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم عنا مسألة على ال lens
+
+2
+00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:08,700
+-decentration عشان نحصل على prismatic effect يحسن
+
+3
+00:00:08,700 --> 00:00:11,560
+الوضع الوظيفي أو يعالج الوضع الوظيفي في حالة
+
+4
+00:00:11,560 --> 00:00:17,620
+الحوال البصير عنا مريض عمره تلاتين سنة عنده
+
+5
+00:00:17,620 --> 00:00:21,640
+exotropia في ال right eye في ال right eye
+
+6
+00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:26,040
+exotropia ففيه فمقدرة سبعة prism exotropia بيرمز
+
+7
+00:00:26,040 --> 00:00:30,600
+إليها بالرمز XT وهذا هناخده في علم الحوال أو مساق
+
+8
+00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:35,520
+الحوالهدا المريض عنده Exotropia 7 Prism خفيفة طبعا
+
+9
+00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:38,740
+هنا مبين انه بيه كتيرة جدا و واضحة جدا طبعا ال
+
+10
+00:00:38,740 --> 00:00:42,600
+Exotropia 7 Prism يادوق بتكون مبينه أحيانا إلا
+
+11
+00:00:42,600 --> 00:00:45,940
+بالفحص لما تظهر أما بال .. بال .. بالعين المجردة
+
+12
+00:00:45,940 --> 00:00:48,370
+ممكن ما تلاحظشThe important thing is that this
+
+13
+00:00:48,370 --> 00:00:50,650
+patient has seven prism exotropia, he has
+
+14
+00:00:50,650 --> 00:00:53,310
+refractive error in both eyes, plus four diopters
+
+15
+00:00:53,310 --> 00:00:56,470
+in the right and plus four diopters in the left
+
+16
+00:00:56,470 --> 00:01:00,330
+The question is how to overcome the exotropia by
+
+17
+00:01:00,330 --> 00:01:03,330
+decentration? We will wear glasses plus four
+
+18
+00:01:03,330 --> 00:01:08,160
+diopters in front of each eyeplus four D diopter
+
+19
+00:01:08,160 --> 00:01:10,580
+in front of the right eye and plus four diopter in
+
+20
+00:01:10,580 --> 00:01:13,380
+front of the left eye How can we overcome through
+
+21
+00:01:13,380 --> 00:01:19,200
+decentration, to overcome the exotropia as if it
+
+22
+00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:22,180
+doesn't exist with the help of the prism? First of
+
+23
+00:01:22,180 --> 00:01:26,660
+all, I want to ask myself a question How do I
+
+24
+00:01:26,660 --> 00:01:29,100
+treat or where is the direction of the prism that
+
+25
+00:01:29,100 --> 00:01:32,160
+I'm supposed to get? We say as follows, first of
+
+26
+00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:33,180
+all, horizontal exotropia
+
+27
+00:01:36,470 --> 00:01:38,530
+exotropia and esotropia are called horizontal
+
+28
+00:01:38,530 --> 00:01:41,550
+waves, so the prism should be horizontal, but the
+
+29
+00:01:41,550 --> 00:01:44,450
+base should be in or out, in means the required
+
+30
+00:01:44,450 --> 00:01:47,510
+base of the spreadsheet, we will not add a
+
+31
+00:01:47,510 --> 00:01:49,410
+spreadsheet, we will do a decentration so that the
+
+32
+00:01:49,410 --> 00:01:51,630
+lens does not work as a spreadsheet, we say as
+
+33
+00:01:51,630 --> 00:01:54,690
+follows that in the case of exotropia, in the case
+
+34
+00:01:54,690 --> 00:01:56,870
+of exotropia, the base of the spreadsheet should
+
+35
+00:01:56,870 --> 00:02:01,390
+be inside, in, why? because the apex points
+
+36
+00:02:01,390 --> 00:02:02,290
+towards
+
+37
+00:02:04,450 --> 00:02:06,350
+exotropia towards the circumference, always the
+
+38
+00:02:06,350 --> 00:02:08,290
+apex we leave it as if it points to the
+
+39
+00:02:08,290 --> 00:02:10,730
+circumference, then the base is opposite as long
+
+40
+00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:12,550
+as the circumference is outside, the apex is
+
+41
+00:02:12,550 --> 00:02:15,230
+outside, the base is in it, of course, we call the
+
+42
+00:02:15,230 --> 00:02:18,330
+article or the article takes its direction, takes
+
+43
+00:02:18,330 --> 00:02:20,490
+the name of its direction in the name of its base,
+
+44
+00:02:21,010 --> 00:02:23,950
+this article is not called apex out, no, we say
+
+45
+00:02:23,950 --> 00:02:27,550
+base in prism, base in prism, so that the
+
+46
+00:02:27,550 --> 00:02:30,550
+treatment is functional, exotropia for this
+
+47
+00:02:30,550 --> 00:02:33,760
+patient requires a base in prism,Now what we need
+
+48
+00:02:33,760 --> 00:02:37,060
+to know is that I can use one prism or do
+
+49
+00:02:37,060 --> 00:02:41,880
+decentration in one lens or in both lenses and
+
+50
+00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:44,060
+whether I did it in one lens or both lenses, it is
+
+51
+00:02:44,060 --> 00:02:46,860
+necessary as long as there is an exotropia, the
+
+52
+00:02:46,860 --> 00:02:49,640
+base here should be in and the second base should
+
+53
+00:02:49,640 --> 00:02:52,580
+also be in. The details of this talk or
+
+54
+00:02:52,580 --> 00:02:55,100
+explanation will come in the science around, not
+
+55
+00:02:55,100 --> 00:02:58,280
+in geometric optics. So always and never the
+
+56
+00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:01,990
+exotropia because it is around outsideexotropia is
+
+57
+00:03:01,990 --> 00:03:04,810
+when the eye tries to exchange with another eye,
+
+58
+00:03:05,590 --> 00:03:08,330
+and you want to use two prisms instead of one
+
+59
+00:03:08,330 --> 00:03:11,410
+prism, the base of the two prisms must be in the
+
+60
+00:03:11,410 --> 00:03:17,360
+case of exotropiaYou can ask yourself, what forces
+
+61
+00:03:17,360 --> 00:03:23,360
+me to use two prisms? Or to do decentration in
+
+62
+00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:28,020
+both lenses? Sometimes decentration in one lens is
+
+63
+00:03:28,020 --> 00:03:33,180
+difficult How difficult? Let's look at this
+
+64
+00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:38,480
+experiment first Let's assume that we stopped ..
+
+65
+00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:44,880
+we decided that we don't need two prismsWe don't
+
+66
+00:03:44,880 --> 00:03:48,820
+want to make a prismatic effect for both eyes, but
+
+67
+00:03:48,820 --> 00:03:51,180
+only for the eye that has the circle, which is the
+
+68
+00:03:51,180 --> 00:03:54,740
+right eye So, how much is the decentration? I want
+
+69
+00:03:54,740 --> 00:04:01,240
+base n, how much is the decentration? We say that
+
+70
+00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:04,580
+the prismatic effect of the lens that is required
+
+71
+00:04:04,580 --> 00:04:05,440
+is decentration
+
+72
+00:04:15,110 --> 00:04:25,610
+It's equal to H in D Okay It's equal to
+
+73
+00:04:25,610 --> 00:04:29,670
+H Of course the prismatic effect has seven prisms
+
+74
+00:04:29,670 --> 00:04:34,810
+Seven prism diopters It's equal to H that I'm
+
+75
+00:04:34,810 --> 00:04:39,790
+supposed to know in D Which is the diopter of the
+
+76
+00:04:39,790 --> 00:04:51,770
+right lens which is four So Hتساوي تساوي
+
+77
+00:04:51,770 --> 00:05:02,270
+سبعة على أربعة سبعة على أربعة ويساوي واحد وخمسة
+
+78
+00:05:02,270 --> 00:05:10,370
+وسبعين من مية centimeter يعني بتحولها لملة يساوي
+
+79
+00:05:10,370 --> 00:05:12,650
+سبعتاشر ملة ونص
+
+80
+00:05:18,620 --> 00:05:21,000
+I was going to say okay, let me tell you, let me
+
+81
+00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:24,000
+tell you, let's see this topic, this is the
+
+82
+00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,300
+template I have, let's see how big the template
+
+83
+00:05:26,300 --> 00:05:30,600
+is, it's about 60 millimeters, 6 centimeters, 60
+
+84
+00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:37,980
+millimeters, I want to cut from it this part, at
+
+85
+00:05:37,980 --> 00:05:39,960
+the beginning it was called Decentration
+
+86
+00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:01,480
+This is number three, it's exactly on the center
+
+87
+00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:06,620
+The width is here one and a half millimeter and
+
+88
+00:06:06,620 --> 00:06:10,080
+here one and a half centimeter and here one and a
+
+89
+00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:13,220
+half centimeter I want to move the center outwards
+
+90
+00:06:13,220 --> 00:06:17,340
+or inwards with a space of one and a half
+
+91
+00:06:17,340 --> 00:06:19,380
+centimeter How much is one and a half centimeter?
+
+92
+00:06:19,420 --> 00:06:24,210
+Fifteen millimeters Fifteen millimeters, thenانا
+
+93
+00:06:24,210 --> 00:06:29,630
+مطلوب عندى سبعتاش و نص ملي سبعتاش و نص ملي طيب هل
+
+94
+00:06:29,630 --> 00:06:34,150
+ممكن اعمل هذا؟ غالبا مش ممكن الناس اللى بتشتغل فى
+
+95
+00:06:34,150 --> 00:06:37,270
+صناعة العدسات هبقى بقولك لأ مابقدرش اعمل فى العدسة
+
+96
+00:06:37,270 --> 00:06:42,690
+هاى و فى الإطار هذا بقدرش اعمل decentration سبعتاش
+
+97
+00:06:42,690 --> 00:06:45,750
+و نص ملي و هذا هتاخده فى ال dispensing طب اش اعمل
+
+98
+00:06:45,750 --> 00:06:49,550
+انا عشان احلى المشكلة هاى؟ بدي اعمل decentration
+
+99
+00:06:53,470 --> 00:07:12,970
+بدي أعمل decentralization في العدساتين فبالتالي
+
+100
+00:07:19,900 --> 00:07:23,360
+I want to use base in prism here or get base in
+
+101
+00:07:23,360 --> 00:07:28,280
+prism and base in prism Now I have to answer my
+
+102
+00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:30,480
+question, so we will do the decentration in both
+
+103
+00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:34,140
+eyes to have a small amount of decentration and we
+
+104
+00:07:34,140 --> 00:07:37,700
+can implement it when we come to make the lens,
+
+105
+00:07:37,940 --> 00:07:42,410
+how? as usualAs long as the refractive error in
+
+106
+00:07:42,410 --> 00:07:45,010
+both eyes is equal, then I want to divide the
+
+107
+00:07:45,010 --> 00:07:46,930
+circle by saying that the circle has seven prisms,
+
+108
+00:07:47,070 --> 00:07:51,010
+which is more like I have three and a half prisms
+
+109
+00:07:51,010 --> 00:07:53,790
+in the right and three and a half prisms in the
+
+110
+00:07:53,790 --> 00:07:56,830
+left. This is the total of the seven. The total of
+
+111
+00:07:56,830 --> 00:08:00,770
+the seven. Okay. How do we implement this? Before
+
+112
+00:08:00,770 --> 00:08:03,010
+we say how, we want to see in which direction we
+
+113
+00:08:03,010 --> 00:08:07,620
+want to move the center.ه�� مقطع عرضى، هى مقطع
+
+114
+00:08:07,620 --> 00:08:11,640
+رأسى، هنخليه عرضى، و هنا مقطع رأسى، هنخليه عرضى
+
+115
+00:08:20,330 --> 00:08:23,790
+أول نصيحة بانصحها في حل الأسئلة أرسم العينتين
+
+116
+00:08:23,790 --> 00:08:27,710
+عدلات حتى لو في Exotropia أو Esotropia أو
+
+117
+00:08:27,710 --> 00:08:31,470
+Hypertropia أو Hypotropia إذا بدي أشتغل صح مع هذه
+
+118
+00:08:31,470 --> 00:08:35,470
+المسائل بدي أ .. أرسم العينتين عدلات زي ما هي ..
+
+119
+00:08:35,470 --> 00:08:39,290
+زي ما هي و قاعدي أقول هاي عندي في الوضع الطبيعي ال
+
+120
+00:08:39,290 --> 00:08:43,670
+optical center بدي يكون بالشكل هذا خليني بس أرفع
+
+121
+00:08:43,670 --> 00:08:45,410
+شوية عشان ما تخفيش وراها
+
+122
+00:08:49,500 --> 00:08:53,500
+العين يعني ال optical center بتكون بالضبط على جبال
+
+123
+00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:59,180
+ال pupil ونصغر شوية optical
+
+124
+00:08:59,180 --> 00:09:03,260
+center بنرجعه هنا في الوضع الطبيعي بدون
+
+125
+00:09:03,260 --> 00:09:08,420
+decentralization العين بتبص من ال optical center
+
+126
+00:09:08,420 --> 00:09:15,720
+هذا نلغيه هنا ونستنزخه مرة تانية عشان نسرع في
+
+127
+00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:20,600
+الأمرthese lines of course we want to delete them
+
+128
+00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:25,380
+too
+
+129
+00:09:25,380 --> 00:09:32,640
+this is a plus sign in front of the left line here
+
+130
+00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:36,940
+we also want to delete it and copy the other one
+
+131
+00:09:36,940 --> 00:09:41,600
+because it is more suitable in size how do I get
+
+132
+00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:44,160
+this in the situation before the topic of
+
+133
+00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:46,180
+decentration how do I get
+
+134
+00:09:55,470 --> 00:10:03,590
+Base .. Base
+
+135
+00:10:03,590 --> 00:10:08,590
+in .. Base
+
+136
+00:10:08,590 --> 00:10:13,390
+in prison معاي خيار من خيارين إما أحرك العدسة لبرا
+
+137
+00:10:14,590 --> 00:10:18,210
+the center of it outwards or move it inwards if
+
+138
+00:10:18,210 --> 00:10:21,770
+you move it outwards, the pupil will become based
+
+139
+00:10:21,770 --> 00:10:25,310
+out of the prism the prism, the base is out, so
+
+140
+00:10:25,310 --> 00:10:29,810
+the center has to go inwards towards the nose, the
+
+141
+00:10:29,810 --> 00:10:35,170
+pupil will come out through the prism, the base is
+
+142
+00:10:35,170 --> 00:10:40,670
+in, the base is in here too, it has to move in
+
+143
+00:10:43,260 --> 00:10:46,100
+نطلع على منظر مكبر بس عشان توضح الصورة نطلع على
+
+144
+00:10:46,100 --> 00:10:46,660
+منظر مكبر بس عشان توضح الصورة نطلع على منظر مكبر
+
+145
+00:10:46,660 --> 00:10:50,340
+بس عشان توضح الصورة لما حركت العدسة لجوه لما حركت
+
+146
+00:10:50,340 --> 00:10:51,420
+العدسة لجوه لما حركت العدسة لجوه لما حركت العدسة
+
+147
+00:10:51,420 --> 00:10:54,180
+لجوه لما حركت العدسة لجوه لما حركت العدسة لجوه لما
+
+148
+00:10:54,180 --> 00:10:54,760
+حركت العدسة لجوه لما حركت العدسة لجوه لما حركت
+
+149
+00:10:54,760 --> 00:10:55,980
+العدسة لجوه لما حركت العدسة لجوه لما حركت العدسة
+
+150
+00:10:55,980 --> 00:11:12,520
+لجوه لما حركت العدسة لجوه لما
+
+151
+00:11:19,260 --> 00:11:26,540
+Decentration should be in both eyes اختصار be both
+
+152
+00:11:26,540 --> 00:11:37,920
+eyes اي واحد اتنين Decentration should be in عشان
+
+153
+00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:41,520
+نحصل ع base in بمعنى اش in to where the nose
+
+154
+00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:52,080
+طيب okay قداش
+
+155
+00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:56,140
+.. بنقول أول عين بدي أحصل على prismatic effect
+
+156
+00:11:56,140 --> 00:11:59,040
+تلاتة و نص برزم و تاني عين برضه بدي أحصل على
+
+157
+00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:03,960
+prismatic effect بنقول for right eye قداش ال
+
+158
+00:12:03,960 --> 00:12:09,360
+center لازم يروح لجوا for right eye هذه الإجابة
+
+159
+00:12:09,360 --> 00:12:12,780
+النموذجية طيب for right eye
+
+160
+00:12:20,390 --> 00:12:26,130
+The prismatic effect is equal to h in D The
+
+161
+00:12:26,130 --> 00:12:30,010
+prismatic effect which is three and a half is
+
+162
+00:12:30,010 --> 00:12:32,610
+equal to h which we want to know how much I move
+
+163
+00:12:32,610 --> 00:12:37,650
+inside in the diopter four in the diopter four So
+
+164
+00:12:37,650 --> 00:12:45,970
+h is equal to three
+
+165
+00:12:45,970 --> 00:12:49,030
+and a half over four
+
+166
+00:12:55,330 --> 00:13:01,770
+ويساوي، نروح على ال calculator،
+
+167
+00:13:01,770 --> 00:13:08,090
+نقوله
+
+168
+00:13:08,090 --> 00:13:15,030
+تلاتة و نص، تلاتة و تلاتين،
+
+169
+00:13:15,030 --> 00:13:19,990
+تقسيم
+
+170
+00:13:19,990 --> 00:13:22,410
+أربعة، يساوي
+
+171
+00:13:25,670 --> 00:13:30,330
+875 of 1000 cm means 8 millimeters and three
+
+172
+00:13:30,330 --> 00:13:32,390
+quarters of a centimeter 8 millimeters and three
+
+173
+00:13:32,390 --> 00:13:34,350
+quarters of a centimeter Let's go back here and
+
+174
+00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:40,550
+say it will be less than a centimeter 875 of 1000
+
+175
+00:13:40,550 --> 00:13:47,050
+of a centimeter is equal to 8 millimeters and
+
+176
+00:13:47,050 --> 00:13:52,930
+three quarters of a millimeter Can I do this?in
+
+177
+00:13:52,930 --> 00:13:58,550
+fact, yes I can do this, I have this in the normal
+
+178
+00:13:58,550 --> 00:14:04,570
+situation I'm
+
+179
+00:14:04,570 --> 00:14:08,370
+supposed to cut like this here nasal, we mark
+
+180
+00:14:08,370 --> 00:14:14,930
+where the nose is here nasal, we mark it with the
+
+181
+00:14:14,930 --> 00:14:17,730
+symbol N and of course here temporal, we move the
+
+182
+00:14:17,730 --> 00:14:21,490
+center towards nasalWe want to move the center to
+
+183
+00:14:21,490 --> 00:14:26,870
+the nasal The
+
+184
+00:14:26,870 --> 00:14:30,370
+center of the lens must be in order to give me a
+
+185
+00:14:30,370 --> 00:14:33,330
+base in effect Ok, this is the center of the lens,
+
+186
+00:14:33,530 --> 00:14:36,150
+how do I move the center inside? I leave the gas
+
+187
+00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:41,510
+outside I want to move the gas to an amount of
+
+188
+00:14:41,510 --> 00:14:43,490
+eight millimeters and three quarters Approximately
+
+189
+00:14:43,490 --> 00:14:46,630
+nine millimeters minus a quarter Let's use the
+
+190
+00:14:46,630 --> 
+
+223
+00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:18,940
+times d, which is times four diopters
+
+224
+00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:37,500
+So, H is equal to 3.5 by 4 which 
+
+225
+00:17:37,500 --> 00:17:41,020
+is equal to 875000 
+
+226
+00:17:44,490 --> 00:17:49,130
+centimeter is equal to eight point seventy five 
+
+227
+00:17:49,130 --> 00:17:55,030
+percent millimeter and this is also possible. We
+
+228
+00:17:55,030 --> 00:17:57,410
+come here just to finish the example, we say as
+
+229
+00:17:57,410 --> 00:18:03,590
+follows, we want to remove it now and we want to
+
+230
+00:18:03,590 --> 00:18:12,170
+copy it and 
+
+231
+00:18:12,170 --> 00:18:12,890
+we want to 
+
+232
+00:18:18,510 --> 00:18:29,670
+copy another one and copy center again to 
+
+233
+00:18:29,670 --> 00:18:35,690
+represent the right and left lens the source may 
+
+234
+00:18:35,690 --> 00:18:42,410
+not be copied, it is not necessary now but this is 
+
+235
+00:18:42,410 --> 00:18:44,490
+what I have and what we need to copy it
+
+236
+00:18:52,290 --> 00:18:59,990
+I will try to focus on parts of it to make it more 
+
+237
+00:18:59,990 --> 00:19:05,270
+clear 
+
+238
+00:19:05,270 --> 00:19:16,410
+Now, 
+
+239
+00:19:17,050 --> 00:19:21,750
+this is the center and this is the frame 
+
+240
+00:19:26,010 --> 00:19:27,690
+of course the center should be in the middle of 
+
+241
+00:19:27,690 --> 00:19:36,570
+the template exactly in
+
+242
+00:19:36,570 --> 00:19:40,190
+the normal position we moved the frame outside so 
+
+243
+00:19:40,190 --> 00:19:41,450
+that the center moves inside 
+
+244
+00:19:44,910 --> 00:19:47,810
+the center has to go inside rather than put the 
+
+245
+00:19:47,810 --> 00:19:49,870
+center in the center instead of being here it 
+
+246
+00:19:49,870 --> 00:19:52,890
+became inside this is what will be used to make
+
+247
+00:19:52,890 --> 00:19:55,570
+the glasses of course we say that the eye always 
+
+248
+00:19:55,570 --> 00:19:58,290
+looks from the middle of the frame of the glasses 
+
+249
+00:19:58,290 --> 00:20:01,930
+the
+
+250
+00:20:01,930 --> 00:20:04,370
+distance between the visual axis and the optical 
+
+251
+00:20:04,370 --> 00:20:06,810
+center of the lens is eight millimeters and three 
+
+252
+00:20:06,810 --> 00:20:11,160
+quarters here is the same caseWe want to get rid 
+
+253
+00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:15,460
+of it so that the idea is very clear
+
+254
+00:20:54,330 --> 00:21:00,710
+This is the right lens, and this is the left lens 
+
+255
+00:21:00,710 --> 00:21:07,790
+The nose, the nose comes between the eyes, so it's
+
+256
+00:21:07,790 --> 00:21:15,550
+between the two lenses Let's go to the front So 
+
+257
+00:21:15,550 --> 00:21:20,950
+the nose will come between the two lenses Increase 
+
+258
+00:21:20,950 --> 00:21:40,220
+the letter n a little bitTo appear with it The
+
+259
+00:21:40,220 --> 00:21:42,100
+center is always in the middle of the template 
+
+260
+00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:50,820
+and we want to move the frame or the outside of 
+
+261
+00:21:50,820 --> 00:21:53,740
+the frame so that the center comes inside when
+
+262
+00:21:53,740 --> 00:21:57,340
+this frame, which is the area that I want to cut 
+
+263
+00:21:57,340 --> 00:22:01,460
+to put it in the frame of the glasses I cut it out 
+
+264
+00:22:01,460 --> 00:22:03,840
+a little bit, the center becomes relative to this
+
+265
+00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:08,700
+piece, it becomes inside it becomes inside this,
+
+266
+00:22:08,780 --> 00:22:16,580
+the center is spread here towards the nosethis 
+
+267
+00:22:16,580 --> 00:22:21,080
+center became closer to the nose for this piece
+
+268
+00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:34,240
+and here the same thing became 
+
+269
+00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:36,860
+the center, of course, the eye is looking from the 
+
+270
+00:22:36,860 --> 00:22:39,620
+middle to the frontThe center was separated, it
+
+271
+00:22:39,620 --> 00:22:41,420
+was supposed to be the center here, it was
+
+272
+00:22:41,420 --> 00:22:44,360
+supposed to be here, but we separated it this way,
+
+273
+00:22:44,660 --> 00:22:47,280
+so this is the idea of decentralization and
+
+274
+00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:51,080
+decentralization, this will functionally treat the
+
+275
+00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:54,680
+seventh prism of exotropia, so it is separated
+
+276
+00:22:54,680 --> 00:22:59,880
+into two lensesعشان أتمكن عمليا من تنفيذه من ناحية 
+
+277
+00:22:59,880 --> 00:23:04,060
+dispensing العدستين بنزحوا لجوه ال optical center 
+
+278
+00:23:04,060 --> 00:23:06,780
+بنزح لجوه عشان أخد Bayesian effect 
+
+279
+00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:13,040
+لأن أنا جاعت بعالش في Exotropia كمية الإزاحة في كل 
+
+280
+00:23:13,040 --> 00:23:17,060
+عدسة based in يعني إما بقول تمانمية و خمسة و سبعين 
+
+281
+00:23:17,060 --> 00:23:20,960
+من الف جزء من الصنطي أو بقول تمانية ملي و تلات 
+
+282
+00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:25,140
+تربع لكل عدسة تمانية ملي و تلات تربع لكل عدسة و 
+
+283
+00:23:25,140 --> 00:23:29,220
+هنا تنتهي المشكلة المسألة و يعطيكم العافية والسلام
+
+284
+00:23:29,220 --> 00:23:31,480
+عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته 

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/HwFxRaxbs6w_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+1
+00:00:01,350 --> 00:00:02,330
+In the name of Allah, the most merciful, the most
+
+2
+00:00:02,330 --> 00:00:05,630
+merciful, we have a problem today with the convex
+
+3
+00:00:05,630 --> 00:00:08,950
+mirror, convex mirror, half a drop is fifty
+
+4
+00:00:08,950 --> 00:00:12,050
+centimeters, there is a body at a distance of one
+
+5
+00:00:12,050 --> 00:00:14,250
+meter, one hundred centimeters, we want to see
+
+6
+00:00:14,250 --> 00:00:16,190
+where the image will form and what is the
+
+7
+00:00:16,190 --> 00:00:21,010
+transference magnification of this image, first of
+
+8
+00:00:21,010 --> 00:00:23,750
+all, we want to get the power of the mirror, the
+
+9
+00:00:23,750 --> 00:00:24,850
+power of the mirror
+
+10
+00:00:34,740 --> 00:00:38,900
+power of the mirror is equal to 2 divided by R
+
+11
+00:00:38,900 --> 00:00:48,520
+which is equal to 2 divided by half meter which is
+
+12
+00:00:48,520 --> 00:00:51,760
+equal to 2 divided by half which is equal to 4
+
+13
+00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:55,600
+which is equal to minus 4 diopter because it is a
+
+14
+00:00:55,600 --> 00:01:00,600
+convex mirror which is equal to minus 4 diopter
+
+15
+00:01:00,600 --> 00:01:03,460
+which is equal to minus 4 diopter
+
+16
+00:01:09,270 --> 00:01:11,830
+this is the power of the move now the rays will
+
+17
+00:01:11,830 --> 00:01:14,770
+come from the object divergent because it is a
+
+18
+00:01:14,770 --> 00:01:21,050
+real object u is equal to negative n over o which
+
+19
+00:01:21,050 --> 00:01:26,110
+is equal to negative one over one meter which is
+
+20
+00:01:26,110 --> 00:01:32,630
+equal to negative one diopter now the u is minus
+
+21
+00:01:32,630 --> 00:01:36,570
+one diopter because the rays camedivergent بمقدار
+
+22
+00:01:36,570 --> 00:01:46,510
+واحد ديوبتر وصلت لسطح المرأة divergent
+
+23
+00:01:46,510 --> 00:01:55,350
+بمقدار واحد ديوبتر هتنعكس
+
+24
+00:01:55,350 --> 00:02:00,430
+more divergent لإن ال convex mirror بتشتت الأشعة
+
+25
+00:02:00,430 --> 00:02:05,260
+بزيادة بتشتت الأشعة بزيادةSo it will make it
+
+26
+00:02:05,260 --> 00:02:09,700
+reflect in the
+
+27
+00:02:09,700 --> 00:02:13,620
+same direction Let's see how much the reflection
+
+28
+00:02:13,620 --> 00:02:16,620
+is when the rays leave Of course it will reflect
+
+29
+00:02:16,620 --> 00:02:20,020
+in the same direction So there is only one space
+
+30
+00:02:20,020 --> 00:02:23,620
+for the mirror The space behind is not present for
+
+31
+00:02:23,620 --> 00:02:26,560
+the mirror Let's say how much the reflection will
+
+32
+00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:37,750
+be U plus power equals VU-1 diopter and power-4
+
+33
+00:02:37,750 --> 00:02:42,490
+diopter is
+
+34
+00:02:42,490 --> 00:02:49,770
+equal to V, so V is equal to minus 5 diopter
+
+35
+00:02:51,550 --> 00:02:56,570
+Multiple rays of five diopters cannot form a real
+
+36
+00:02:56,570 --> 00:03:02,230
+picture, but the more it is reflected to the left,
+
+37
+00:03:02,470 --> 00:03:05,090
+the more it is diffused, the more the distance
+
+38
+00:03:05,090 --> 00:03:07,130
+increases away from each other. So we say that it
+
+39
+00:03:07,130 --> 00:03:10,630
+will form an imaginary image of the magnitude of
+
+40
+00:03:10,630 --> 00:03:17,090
+these raysin the virtual space of the mirror So we
+
+41
+00:03:17,090 --> 00:03:22,890
+say I is equal to unconditional over V I small is
+
+42
+00:03:22,890 --> 00:03:29,450
+equal to unconditional over V is equal to one over
+
+43
+00:03:29,450 --> 00:03:38,670
+minus five diopters is equal to minus two out of
+
+44
+00:03:38,670 --> 00:03:46,440
+ten metersويساوي ماينس عشرين صندرWhen we see the
+
+45
+00:03:46,440 --> 00:03:48,780
+word minus, we think of it here on the left, of
+
+46
+00:03:48,780 --> 00:03:51,900
+course the image space For the mirror, it's the
+
+47
+00:03:51,900 --> 00:03:54,280
+opposite, if this is not a mirror, if this is a
+
+48
+00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:56,800
+lens, we would say okay, the minus is on the left,
+
+49
+00:03:56,980 --> 00:03:59,020
+no, here the minus became on the right because
+
+50
+00:03:59,020 --> 00:04:00,640
+it's the opposite of the lens, opposite of the
+
+51
+00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:04,980
+lens, so the picture will be 20 cm wide on the
+
+52
+00:04:04,980 --> 00:04:07,200
+right of the mirror, on the right of the mirror,
+
+53
+00:04:07,620 --> 00:04:11,040
+and it will be an imaginary picture, it will be an
+
+54
+00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:11,400
+imaginary picture
+
+55
+00:04:14,740 --> 00:04:17,160
+and it will be an imaginary image at a distance of
+
+56
+00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:22,840
+20 cm to the right, it will be a picture of course
+
+57
+00:04:22,840 --> 00:04:27,500
+it will
+
+58
+00:04:27,500 --> 00:04:30,760
+be an imaginary image at a distance of 20 cm, that
+
+59
+00:04:30,760 --> 00:04:32,720
+is, this distance is 20 cm from the surface of the
+
+60
+00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:36,480
+mirror to ...
+
+61
+00:04:36,480 --> 00:04:41,280
+Okay, now we want to get the transference
+
+62
+00:04:41,280 --> 00:04:49,550
+magnification equal to U over Vويساوي ال U minus
+
+63
+00:04:49,550 --> 00:04:54,070
+one diopter على
+
+64
+00:04:54,070 --> 00:04:57,110
+ال V minus five diopter
+
+65
+00:05:02,060 --> 00:05:08,920
+x plus 5 or x plus 2 out of 10 x plus means the
+
+66
+00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:12,960
+picture is regular and 5 means 2 out of 10 or 5 is
+
+67
+00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:14,420
+the height of the object which means that if the
+
+68
+00:05:14,420 --> 00:05:19,760
+object is 10 cm high, its height is 2 cm this is
+
+69
+00:05:19,760 --> 00:05:21,820
+how the lesson ends and may God bless you all and
+
+70
+00:05:21,820 --> 00:05:22,520
+peace be upon you
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/IiCVj1ZAxis_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+1
+00:00:01,670 --> 00:00:03,610
+Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim What is the
+
+2
+00:00:03,610 --> 00:00:09,250
+transverse magnification if we know that object is
+
+3
+00:00:09,250 --> 00:00:14,290
+40 centimeter height and image is 10 centimeter
+
+4
+00:00:14,290 --> 00:00:17,310
+height below the optical axis. Transverse
+
+5
+00:00:17,310 --> 00:00:22,870
+magnification is equal to image height over object
+
+6
+00:00:22,870 --> 00:00:29,590
+height. Image height below the optical axis is
+
+7
+00:00:29,590 --> 00:00:34,540
+negative.10 cm means 1 out of 10 meters over
+
+8
+00:00:34,540 --> 00:00:38,660
+object height above the optical axis, plus, don't
+
+9
+00:00:38,660 --> 00:00:45,340
+forget the sign 40 cm means 4 out of 10 meters and
+
+10
+00:00:45,340 --> 00:00:49,860
+it equals minus over plus minus, of course we will
+
+11
+00:00:49,860 --> 00:00:53,360
+put the x sign to indicate magnification minus
+
+12
+00:00:53,360 --> 00:00:56,240
+means the picture is upside down 1 out of 10 over
+
+13
+00:00:56,240 --> 00:01:01,270
+4 out of 10 is a quarterوالمتر على متر بيروح
+
+14
+00:01:01,270 --> 00:01:06,150
+النسبة لا تميز، هاي الجواب X يعني تكبير الصورة
+
+15
+00:01:06,150 --> 00:01:09,830
+minus مجلوبة، أول إشي هنعرف أنها مجلوبة، تكبيرها
+
+16
+00:01:09,830 --> 00:01:13,150
+ربع، يعني ارتفاعها ربع ارتفاع ال object فعلا
+
+17
+00:01:13,150 --> 00:01:15,970
+ارتفاعها عشر سانتي وربع الاربعين سانتي اللي هو
+
+18
+00:01:15,970 --> 00:01:18,190
+ارتفاع ال object ويعطيكم العافية
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/LK8k-5eKwtc_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+1
+00:00:05,260 --> 00:00:07,460
+Now we have an example that we are going to solve
+
+2
+00:00:07,460 --> 00:00:10,440
+using divergence calculations. We have an object
+
+3
+00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:14,500
+on the left, 25 cm in diameter, with a force of
+
+4
+00:00:14,500 --> 00:00:18,160
+plus 5 diopters. The angle of the wind on this
+
+5
+00:00:18,160 --> 00:00:21,100
+side, on the side of the object, is 1. Of course,
+
+6
+00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:23,940
+the angle of the wind on the other side of the
+
+7
+00:00:23,940 --> 00:00:30,010
+object will also be 1.الضوء هيصل من ال object لسطح
+
+8
+00:00:30,010 --> 00:00:34,190
+العدسة with reduced divergence يساوي U U تساوي
+
+9
+00:00:34,190 --> 00:00:42,150
+ناقص N على O يساوي ناقص 1 على 25 cm يعني 25 من 100
+
+10
+00:00:42,150 --> 00:00:45,110
+متر ليش ناقص لإن الضوء هيطلع من ال object
+
+11
+00:00:45,110 --> 00:00:50,880
+divergent إذا ال U تساوي ناقص 4 ديوترQuickly, on
+
+12
+00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:54,160
+the front of the lens, I write minus 4 diopters,
+
+13
+00:00:54,540 --> 00:00:57,580
+as if the light reaches Dane or with a magnitude
+
+14
+00:00:57,580 --> 00:01:01,420
+of minus 4 diopters. It will consume or the lens
+
+15
+00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:05,840
+will emit plus 4 diopters of its power to cancel
+
+16
+00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:13,180
+كيف هعرف ما تبقى؟ نقول U زائد P تساوي V ال U minus
+
+17
+00:01:13,180 --> 00:01:19,620
+4 diopter و العدسة قوتها 5 diopter يساوي V إذا V
+
+18
+00:01:19,620 --> 00:01:23,920
+تساوي plus 1 diopter
+
+19
+00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:32,160
+Which is equal to unshort on I, so I for the
+
+20
+00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:36,340
+required image is equal to unshort on V, we change
+
+21
+00:01:36,340 --> 00:01:40,960
+the place of each other and it is equal to unshort
+
+22
+00:01:40,960 --> 00:01:46,510
+on 1 on V which is plus one diopter plus one
+
+23
+00:01:46,510 --> 00:01:51,550
+diopter is equal to one plus one plus one the
+
+24
+00:01:51,550 --> 00:01:54,090
+diopter which is one meter square when it comes
+
+25
+00:01:54,090 --> 00:01:56,670
+out it becomes one meter so the image will be
+
+26
+00:01:56,670 --> 00:02:01,210
+formed one meter away one meter away from the lens
+
+27
+00:02:01,210 --> 00:02:03,730
+now what is required is to bring the transphase
+
+28
+00:02:03,730 --> 00:02:08,950
+magnification Here, V is plus one diopter and U is
+
+29
+00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:11,310
+minus one diopter As if the power of the lenses
+
+30
+00:02:11,310 --> 00:02:15,310
+divided into two parts is plus four To cancel the
+
+31
+00:02:15,310 --> 00:02:17,870
+minus four which is the distortion And we remain
+
+32
+00:02:17,870 --> 00:02:21,310
+after two decades plus one diopter The highest
+
+33
+00:02:21,310 --> 00:02:28,230
+transfer magnification is equal to U over V U over
+
+34
+00:02:28,230 --> 00:02:31,330
+V is equal to U minus four diopter on the decimal
+
+35
+00:02:31,330 --> 00:02:36,970
+I subtract And V plus one diopter And it is equal
+
+36
+00:02:36,970 --> 00:02:42,970
+to X minus four So the picture is inverted And
+
+37
+00:02:42,970 --> 00:02:47,310
+four times the height of the object One can say
+
+38
+00:02:47,310 --> 00:02:49,790
+that I want to get the transference magnification
+
+39
+00:02:49,790 --> 00:02:52,330
+in terms of distances We say that the transference
+
+40
+00:02:52,330 --> 00:02:55,570
+magnification is equal to the image distance over
+
+41
+00:02:55,570 --> 00:02:58,190
+the object distance And it is equal to the image
+
+42
+00:02:58,190 --> 00:03:01,630
+distance plus one meter to the right of the lens
+
+43
+00:03:01,630 --> 00:03:05,270
+And the object distance minus a quarter of a meter
+
+44
+00:03:06,990 --> 00:03:11,910
+ويساوي X plus على minus بطلع minus واحد متر على
+
+45
+00:03:11,910 --> 00:03:15,870
+ربع بطلع minus أربع سواء جيتها بطريقة ال U على V
+
+46
+00:03:15,870 --> 00:03:19,130
+Transverse Magnification أو Image Distance على
+
+47
+00:03:19,130 --> 00:03:23,290
+Object Distance هتطلع نفس القضية ويعطيكم العافية
+
+48
+00:03:23,290 --> 00:03:25,870
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/LK8k-5eKwtc_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+1
+00:00:05,260 --> 00:00:07,460
+Now we have an example that we are going to solve
+
+2
+00:00:07,460 --> 00:00:10,440
+using divergence calculations. We have an object
+
+3
+00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:14,500
+on the left, 25 cm in diameter, with a force of
+
+4
+00:00:14,500 --> 00:00:18,160
+plus 5 diopters. The angle of the wind on this
+
+5
+00:00:18,160 --> 00:00:21,100
+side, on the side of the object, is 1. Of course,
+
+6
+00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:23,940
+the angle of the wind on the other side of the
+
+7
+00:00:23,940 --> 00:00:30,010
+object will also be 1.الضوء هيصل من ال object لسطح
+
+8
+00:00:30,010 --> 00:00:34,190
+العدسة with reduced divergence يساوي U U تساوي
+
+9
+00:00:34,190 --> 00:00:42,150
+ناقص N على O يساوي ناقص 1 على 25 cm يعني 25 من 100
+
+10
+00:00:42,150 --> 00:00:45,110
+متر ليش ناقص لإن الضوء هيطلع من ال object
+
+11
+00:00:45,110 --> 00:00:50,880
+divergent إذا ال U تساوي ناقص 4 ديوترQuickly, on
+
+12
+00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:54,160
+the front of the lens, I write minus 4 diopters,
+
+13
+00:00:54,540 --> 00:00:57,580
+as if the light reaches Dane or with a magnitude
+
+14
+00:00:57,580 --> 00:01:01,420
+of minus 4 diopters. It will consume or the lens
+
+15
+00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:05,840
+will emit plus 4 diopters of its power to cancel
+
+16
+00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:13,180
+كيف هعرف ما تبقى؟ نقول U زائد P تساوي V ال U minus
+
+17
+00:01:13,180 --> 00:01:19,620
+4 diopter و العدسة قوتها 5 diopter يساوي V إذا V
+
+18
+00:01:19,620 --> 00:01:23,920
+تساوي plus 1 diopter
+
+19
+00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:32,160
+Which is equal to unshort on I, so I for the
+
+20
+00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:36,340
+required image is equal to unshort on V, we change
+
+21
+00:01:36,340 --> 00:01:40,960
+the place of each other and it is equal to unshort
+
+22
+00:01:40,960 --> 00:01:46,510
+on 1 on V which is plus one diopter plus one
+
+23
+00:01:46,510 --> 00:01:51,550
+diopter is equal to one plus one plus one the
+
+24
+00:01:51,550 --> 00:01:54,090
+diopter which is one meter square when it comes
+
+25
+00:01:54,090 --> 00:01:56,670
+out it becomes one meter so the image will be
+
+26
+00:01:56,670 --> 00:02:01,210
+formed one meter away one meter away from the lens
+
+27
+00:02:01,210 --> 00:02:03,730
+now what is required is to bring the transphase
+
+28
+00:02:03,730 --> 00:02:08,950
+magnification Here, V is plus one diopter and U is
+
+29
+00:02:08,950 --> 00:02:11,310
+minus one diopter As if the power of the lenses
+
+30
+00:02:11,310 --> 00:02:15,310
+divided into two parts is plus four To cancel the
+
+31
+00:02:15,310 --> 00:02:17,870
+minus four which is the distortion And we remain
+
+32
+00:02:17,870 --> 00:02:21,310
+after two decades plus one diopter The highest
+
+33
+00:02:21,310 --> 00:02:28,230
+transfer magnification is equal to U over V U over
+
+34
+00:02:28,230 --> 00:02:31,330
+V is equal to U minus four diopter on the decimal
+
+35
+00:02:31,330 --> 00:02:36,970
+I subtract And V plus one diopter And it is equal
+
+36
+00:02:36,970 --> 00:02:42,970
+to X minus four So the picture is inverted And
+
+37
+00:02:42,970 --> 00:02:47,310
+four times the height of the object One can say
+
+38
+00:02:47,310 --> 00:02:49,790
+that I want to get the transference magnification
+
+39
+00:02:49,790 --> 00:02:52,330
+in terms of distances We say that the transference
+
+40
+00:02:52,330 --> 00:02:55,570
+magnification is equal to the image distance over
+
+41
+00:02:55,570 --> 00:02:58,190
+the object distance And it is equal to the image
+
+42
+00:02:58,190 --> 00:03:01,630
+distance plus one meter to the right of the lens
+
+43
+00:03:01,630 --> 00:03:05,270
+And the object distance minus a quarter of a meter
+
+44
+00:03:06,990 --> 00:03:11,910
+ويساوي X plus على minus بطلع minus واحد متر على
+
+45
+00:03:11,910 --> 00:03:15,870
+ربع بطلع minus أربع سواء جيتها بطريقة ال U على V
+
+46
+00:03:15,870 --> 00:03:19,130
+Transverse Magnification أو Image Distance على
+
+47
+00:03:19,130 --> 00:03:23,290
+Object Distance هتطلع نفس القضية ويعطيكم العافية
+
+48
+00:03:23,290 --> 00:03:25,870
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/OSUPUrFrhtg.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+1
+00:00:01,850 --> 00:00:02,730
+In the name of God, the most gracious, the most 
+
+2
+00:00:02,730 --> 00:00:06,170
+merciful. We have an example. We want to calculate
+
+3
+00:00:06,170 --> 00:00:09,930
+the vergence and the reduced vergence of the light 
+
+4
+00:00:09,930 --> 00:00:13,090
+that started from a point, a point source that I
+
+5
+00:00:13,090 --> 00:00:16,330
+pointed out. This point started from this point and
+
+6
+00:00:16,330 --> 00:00:18,870
+the light went through the air. After 10 
+
+7
+00:00:18,870 --> 00:00:20,710
+centimeters, we want to calculate the vergence and
+
+8
+00:00:20,710 --> 00:00:22,810
+the reduced vergence. We say that the vergence is
+
+9
+00:00:22,810 --> 00:00:24,810
+the inverse of the distance. The calculation is
+
+10
+00:00:24,810 --> 00:00:30,710
+done in the form of vergence equals one over the
+
+11
+00:00:30,710 --> 00:00:31,110
+distance. 
+
+12
+00:00:38,510 --> 00:00:41,010
+Divergent light is a negative divergence that
+
+13
+00:00:41,010 --> 00:00:46,070
+takes a negative sign. 1 over 10 cm becomes 1
+
+14
+00:00:46,070 --> 00:00:48,550
+meter, which is 1 out of 10 meters.
+
+15
+00:00:51,310 --> 00:00:56,290
+Minus 1 over 1 out of 10 equals minus 10 and when
+
+16
+00:00:56,290 --> 00:00:58,790
+the meter is in the right place, it becomes meter
+
+17
+00:00:58,790 --> 00:01:04,510
+cos minus one meter cos minus one and then it
+
+18
+00:01:04,510 --> 00:01:09,850
+becomes minus meter 
+
+19
+00:01:09,850 --> 00:01:14,210
+cos minus one. This
+
+20
+00:01:14,210 --> 00:01:18,970
+is the variance. Let's make it smaller by minus one 
+
+21
+00:01:18,970 --> 00:01:23,170
+which is cos. We say one meter minus one. Of course,
+
+22
+00:01:23,410 --> 00:01:35,110
+one meter minus one is equal to minus
+
+23
+00:01:35,110 --> 00:01:35,690
+ten
+
+24
+00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:45,080
+because the meter must be less than 1 which is 
+
+25
+00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:48,500
+equal to minus 10 diopters. Minus 10 diopters is
+
+26
+00:01:48,500 --> 00:01:51,280
+the vergence. The reduced vergence. The reduced
+
+27
+00:01:51,280 --> 00:02:00,200
+vergence is equal to the vergence times the
+
+28
+00:02:00,200 --> 00:02:03,160
+refractive index which is n times n which is equal
+
+29
+00:02:03,160 --> 00:02:07,660
+to refractive index 1 which is minus 10 diopters
+
+30
+00:02:07,660 --> 00:02:22,650
+times 1.  تساوي minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي
+
+31
+00:02:22,650 --> 00:02:24,030
+minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي 
+
+32
+00:02:24,030 --> 00:02:24,390
+minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي
+
+33
+00:02:24,390 --> 00:02:26,450
+minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي
+
+34
+00:02:26,450 --> 00:02:29,150
+minus عشرة ديوتر تساوي minus عشرة. Ended the matter,
+
+35
+00:02:29,350 --> 00:02:31,950
+minus 10 diopters, the vergence of light at a 
+
+36
+00:02:31,950 --> 00:02:34,810
+distance of 10 cm from the starting point, and the
+
+37
+00:02:34,810 --> 00:02:38,350
+reduced vergence at this distance, minus 10 
+
+38
+00:02:38,350 --> 00:02:40,830
+diopters. May Allah give you health and peace, and
+
+39
+00:02:40,830 --> 00:02:42,330
+His mercy and blessings are upon you. 

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/OSUPUrFrhtg_raw.json

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PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/P_poCHustFY.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1895 @@
+
+1
+00:00:01,670 --> 00:00:06,090
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنستكمل محاضرات البصريات
+
+2
+00:00:06,090 --> 00:00:13,010
+الهندسية، ووصلنا حقيقة عند موضوع مهم للغاية، وبده 
+
+3
+00:00:13,010 --> 00:00:18,350
+شوية تخيل، مش صعب، ولكن بده شوية تخيل، اللي هو ال
+
+4
+00:00:18,350 --> 00:00:23,370
+virtual images and objects What does virtual images
+
+5
+00:00:23,370 --> 00:00:26,650
+and objects mean? It means imaginary images and
+
+6
+00:00:26,650 --> 00:00:30,190
+imaginary objects A person might have heard the 
+
+7
+00:00:30,190 --> 00:00:33,290
+word imaginary image, but he didn't hear imaginary
+
+8
+00:00:33,290 --> 00:00:37,430
+body, imaginary body Today we will talk about the
+
+9
+00:00:37,430 --> 00:00:40,290
+virtual image and in the next lecture, God 
+
+10
+00:00:40,290 --> 00:00:43,030
+willing, we will talk about the virtual object and
+
+11
+00:00:43,030 --> 00:00:46,130
+we will know that the image can be a real image or 
+
+12
+00:00:46,130 --> 00:00:50,950
+it can be an imaginary image. وال object أيضا ممكن
+
+13
+00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:55,870
+يكون object حقيقي يلمس باليد أو حتى لا يلمس باليد
+
+14
+00:00:55,870 --> 00:01:02,450
+وهذا هنشرحه وممكن يكون object تخيل .. object تخيل 
+
+15
+00:01:02,450 --> 00:01:07,290
+.. إذا many people .. Find the subject of virtual
+
+16
+00:01:07,290 --> 00:01:10,310
+images and virtual objects to be the most 
+
+17
+00:01:10,310 --> 00:01:14,130
+difficult aspect of Geometric Optics يعني كتير من
+
+18
+00:01:14,130 --> 00:01:17,730
+الناس بيلاجوا هذا الموضوع، موضوع ال virtual images 
+
+19
+00:01:17,730 --> 00:01:20,730
+and objects هو أصعب موضوع في ال Geometric Optics 
+
+20
+00:01:20,730 --> 00:01:25,070
+بس هو على النقيد حقيقة هو with a little
+
+21
+00:01:25,070 --> 00:01:36,770
+imagination, it becomes a very enjoyable topic If
+
+22
+00:01:36,770 --> 00:01:41,330
+we follow some simple rules and stick to them, it
+
+23
+00:01:41,330 --> 00:01:43,990
+is very important to stick to them, we will find 
+
+24
+00:01:43,990 --> 00:01:46,450
+that we understood the subject of virtual images
+
+25
+00:01:46,450 --> 00:01:51,920
+and objects The trick in this subject and the idea 
+
+26
+00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:55,940
+in the subject of virtual image and object is that 
+
+27
+00:01:55,940 --> 00:01:59,780
+the person does not overthink the subject, that 
+
+28
+00:01:59,780 --> 00:02:02,960
+is, he does not go with his imagination and
+
+29
+00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:05,560
+complicate the subject and say what is a virtual
+
+30
+00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:09,360
+image and what is a virtual object, simply very 
+
+31
+00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:15,180
+very very The virtual images and objects, which
+
+32
+00:02:15,180 --> 00:02:18,720
+means the imaginary objects and images are not 
+
+33
+00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:23,540
+present in reality They are not present in the 
+
+34
+00:02:23,540 --> 00:02:27,860
+experiments of geometric optics If we wanted to
+
+35
+00:02:27,860 --> 00:02:33,160
+meet or take a picture or get a receipt and 
+
+36
+00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:36,960
+receive a virtual image or virtual object, it is 
+
+37
+00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:40,420
+impossible to do this Why? Because it is simply 
+
+38
+00:02:40,420 --> 00:02:43,810
+virtual means they are hypothetical things 
+
+39
+00:02:43,810 --> 00:02:48,230
+hypothesized by scientists to facilitate reaching
+
+40
+00:02:48,230 --> 00:02:52,990
+the final picture when I use several lenses and we 
+
+41
+00:02:52,990 --> 00:02:55,710
+will see this by example we will see it by example 
+
+42
+00:02:55,710 --> 00:02:58,070
+we say consider .. this is an experience we have
+
+43
+00:02:58,070 --> 00:03:03,370
+consider an object 10 cm in front of plus 5
+
+44
+00:03:03,370 --> 00:03:06,750
+diopter thin lens in air we say as follows .. this
+
+45
+00:03:06,750 --> 00:03:07,310
+is my drawing
+
+46
+00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:15,580
+عندي object على بعد عشرة سانتي من عدسة قوتها خمسة 
+
+47
+00:03:15,580 --> 00:03:23,880
+ديوبتر الضوء هيوصل ب U نحسبها نقول
+
+48
+00:03:23,880 --> 00:03:33,640
+U تساوي ناقص N على O ويساوي ناقص لأنه divergent, 
+
+49
+00:03:33,820 --> 00:03:38,700
+divergent ناقص واحد في الهواء طبعا على O عشرة صنط 
+
+50
+00:03:38,700 --> 00:03:45,990
+يعني واحد من عشرة متر ويساوي ناقص عشرة ديوبتر So, 
+
+51
+00:03:46,090 --> 00:03:49,830
+the light will reach the surface of the lens by a
+
+52
+00:03:49,830 --> 00:03:54,530
+magnitude of 10 diopters. The lens must emit from
+
+53
+00:03:54,530 --> 00:03:59,950
+its power enough to emit 10 diopters. But the
+
+54
+00:03:59,950 --> 00:04:03,090
+total power of the lens is less than the magnitude
+
+55
+00:04:03,090 --> 00:04:08,180
+of the light. Its power is plus 5. It will all
+
+56
+00:04:08,180 --> 00:04:11,260
+explode on the front surface It will cancel the
+
+57
+00:04:11,260 --> 00:04:13,980
+plus 5 from the minus 10 It will cancel the minus 
+
+58
+00:04:13,980 --> 00:04:16,960
+5 and I will have minus 5 So the light will come
+
+59
+00:04:16,960 --> 00:04:30,180
+out with V Which is U plus P equals V Okay The U
+
+60
+00:04:30,180 --> 00:04:38,280
+minus 10 diopter plus the power 5 diopter يساوي V
+
+61
+00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:47,120
+إذا V تساوي minus خمسة ديوبتر إيش يعني V تساوي
+
+62
+00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:50,200
+minus خمسة ديوبتر زي ما على الرسم المرسوم يعني 
+
+63
+00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:53,860
+الضوء طلع divergence minus إيش يعني طلع divergence
+
+64
+00:04:53,860 --> 00:05:00,330
+minus يعني الضوء لازال متشتتاالضوء المتشتت مستحيل 
+
+65
+00:05:00,330 --> 00:05:02,990
+يكوّن صورة Why is it impossible to form a picture?
+
+66
+00:05:03,230 --> 00:05:06,450
+Because the farther a distance is, the farther the
+
+67
+00:05:06,450 --> 00:05:10,390
+rays are away from each other The condition to 
+
+68
+00:05:10,390 --> 00:05:13,190
+form a picture and call it a real picture is that
+
+69
+00:05:13,190 --> 00:05:17,730
+the rays are gathered even if it is a simple 
+
+70
+00:05:17,730 --> 00:05:20,930
+collection, so that at a certain distance, the
+
+71
+00:05:20,930 --> 00:05:26,850
+rays can meet in a real picture Let's see this in
+
+72
+00:05:26,850 --> 00:05:30,090
+demonstration, we say as follows This is my first 
+
+73
+00:05:30,090 --> 00:05:33,350
+example, this is a bright point, a point source of 
+
+74
+00:05:33,350 --> 00:05:36,670
+light, the light reached a certain divergence, the 
+
+75
+00:05:36,670 --> 00:05:40,070
+lens began to gather at this point, this point is 
+
+76
+00:05:40,070 --> 00:05:43,380
+the location of the picture This is the picture, 
+
+77
+00:05:43,440 --> 00:05:47,020
+this is the screen, okay Now after the light is
+
+78
+00:05:47,020 --> 00:05:49,560
+collected, it separates again This is the first 
+
+79
+00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:51,420
+picture, if we imagine that there is another lens 
+
+80
+00:05:51,420 --> 00:05:54,600
+here, it will start to collect to form the second
+
+81
+00:05:54,600 --> 00:05:57,000
+picture This picture is number one, the point
+
+82
+00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:01,000
+where the rays meet Okay, if we say that the rays
+
+83
+00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,480
+came out of the first lens divergent 
+
+84
+00:06:08,990 --> 00:06:11,690
+means that it reached a big divergence and the 
+
+85
+00:06:11,690 --> 00:06:13,990
+lens couldn't gather it as you can see, there is
+
+86
+00:06:13,990 --> 00:06:17,470
+no image at all the rays don't gather and the more
+
+87
+00:06:17,470 --> 00:06:23,870
+we move away, the more the rays diverge there is 
+
+88
+00:06:23,870 --> 00:06:26,830
+no image at all one can say the circle, this 
+
+89
+00:06:26,830 --> 00:06:29,870
+circle is not an image this residential circle is
+
+90
+00:06:29,870 --> 00:06:32,870
+not an image, but these rays are separated from 
+
+91
+00:06:32,870 --> 00:06:40,040
+each othersome of them, so it means that a picture
+
+92
+00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:41,360
+does not form a picture does not form a picture
+
+93
+00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:46,020
+So, in this case .. in this case, a picture will 
+
+94
+00:06:46,020 --> 00:06:49,560
+not form no matter how much we put the screen or 
+
+95
+00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:52,900
+the paper of the receipt whether we put it on a
+
+96
+00:06:52,900 --> 00:06:54,640
+distance of a millimeter from the lens or ten
+
+97
+00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:56,780
+centimeters or a meter or two meters or a
+
+98
+00:06:56,780 --> 00:07:00,020
+kilometer So, in this case .. in this case, a 
+
+99
+00:07:00,020 --> 00:07:03,000
+picture does not form Okay, let's continue with
+
+100
+00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:08,770
+the example we say of course light strikes the lens
+
+101
+00:07:08,770 --> 00:07:12,890
+with a divergence of minus 10 diopter 
+
+102
+00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:21,380
+and leaves with a divergence of minus five
+
+103
+00:07:21,380 --> 00:07:26,660
+diopters in 
+
+104
+00:07:26,660 --> 00:07:30,520
+this case in this case unlike all in all previous
+
+105
+00:07:30,520 --> 00:07:35,380
+examples this example differs from all previous
+
+106
+00:07:35,380 --> 00:07:38,720
+examples light emerges with a negative divergence
+
+107
+00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:42,560
+light emerges with a divergence of negative
+
+108
+00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:46,800
+divergence all previous examples The light used to 
+
+109
+00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:49,320
+come out with positive divergence and gather and
+
+110
+00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:52,000
+form a picture in space. I can receive this 
+
+111
+00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,840
+picture on the receiving paper. This is true as
+
+112
+00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:57,560
+long as the high frequency is different and the 
+
+113
+00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:01,200
+light also came out of the lens. It came out of
+
+114
+00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:06,290
+the lens with a magnitude of minus 5 diopter. which
+
+115
+00:08:06,290 --> 00:08:10,250
+means that light is still diverging after crossing 
+
+116
+00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:14,830
+the lens, no real image is produced طبعا طالما بعد 
+
+117
+00:08:14,830 --> 00:08:19,490
+ما غادر العدسة لساته divergent لساته has negative
+
+118
+00:08:19,490 --> 00:08:23,730
+divergence او divergent مافي real image is
+
+119
+00:08:23,730 --> 00:08:27,110
+produced طيب ممكن تقول طبعا أنا مش متأكد من هذا
+
+120
+00:08:27,110 --> 00:08:31,850
+الموضوع ممكن نقولك جيب شمعة و جيب عدسة plus 5
+
+121
+00:08:31,850 --> 00:08:35,890
+ديوبتر و أجيب الشمعة on a distance of 10
+
+122
+00:08:35,890 --> 00:08:38,990
+centimeters and that means turn on the candle and 
+
+123
+00:08:38,990 --> 00:08:42,510
+put the plus 5 diopter lens on a distance of 10 
+
+124
+00:08:42,510 --> 00:08:45,550
+centimeters and bring the receipt paper turn off
+
+125
+00:08:45,550 --> 00:08:48,330
+the light in the room and grab the receipt paper 
+
+126
+00:08:48,330 --> 00:08:50,310
+from the back of the ceiling you will find the
+
+127
+00:08:50,310 --> 00:08:53,570
+lens and stay away no matter how far you go you 
+
+128
+00:08:53,570 --> 00:08:55,790
+will not receive a picture of the candle you will
+
+129
+00:08:55,790 --> 00:09:00,630
+not receive a picture of the candle so you can
+
+130
+00:09:00,630 --> 00:09:03,070
+make sure of it by the practical experience the 
+
+131
+00:09:03,070 --> 00:09:07,680
+reader can easily verify this by repeating the
+
+132
+00:09:07,680 --> 00:09:11,120
+basic imaging demonstration with plus five diopter 
+
+133
+00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:13,740
+spherical convex trial lenses.
+
+134
+00:09:33,500 --> 00:09:37,420
+Notice that an image does not appear no matter 
+
+135
+00:09:37,420 --> 00:09:41,440
+where the paper is held. نرجع تانى هنا بنقول هى 
+
+136
+00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:45,180
+احنا عندنا الأشعة طلعت divergence هى ال paper أو
+
+137
+00:09:45,180 --> 00:09:47,820
+ال screen اللى احنا بنتلقى عليه الصورة هى حملناها 
+
+138
+00:09:47,820 --> 00:09:53,760
+جريبة جدا فش صورة فش صورة فش صورة مافي صورة ابدا
+
+139
+00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:59,880
+مهما حملناها في أي مكان بعيدا او قريبا، بعيدا او
+
+140
+00:09:59,880 --> 00:10:02,760
+قريبا، في حالة ما يكون عند الأشعة اللي بتطلع من 
+
+141
+00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:08,880
+العدسة convergent، convergent، اه الأشعة بتتجمع في
+
+142
+00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:12,160
+نقطة، هذه النقطة لأنها صدرت من نقطة و لازم تكون 
+
+143
+00:10:12,160 --> 00:10:16,570
+تقريبا نقطة So this point which is closest to the
+
+144
+00:10:16,570 --> 00:10:22,350
+place where the rays gather is point A. If we 
+
+145
+00:10:22,350 --> 00:10:23,950
+assume that this point is point A, then this point
+
+146
+00:10:23,950 --> 00:10:27,650
+is point A. If we remove the screen and move it
+
+147
+00:10:27,650 --> 00:10:30,310
+away, it will meet in the first picture, this is 
+
+148
+00:10:30,310 --> 00:10:32,510
+the first picture, then it will separate again
+
+149
+00:10:32,510 --> 00:10:36,950
+towards the gap or towards another lens if there
+
+150
+00:10:36,950 --> 00:10:38,730
+is another lens. But here
+
+151
+00:10:42,770 --> 00:10:46,170
+The rays came out divergent from the lens. True it
+
+152
+00:10:46,170 --> 00:10:48,530
+came out with a lot of divergence, but it came out
+
+153
+00:10:48,530 --> 00:10:52,530
+with less divergence, less divergence, like the 
+
+154
+00:10:52,530 --> 00:10:56,760
+picture here or the powerpoint shows us The rays 
+
+155
+00:10:56,760 --> 00:11:00,200
+entered with a divergence of 10 minus 10 and also 
+
+156
+00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:02,420
+came out with a divergence but less than what 
+
+157
+00:11:02,420 --> 00:11:05,900
+entered in it Why? Because the lens changed the 
+
+158
+00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:09,200
+oscillation state reduced from the divergence
+
+159
+00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:11,300
+reduced from the divergence became instead of 
+
+160
+00:11:11,300 --> 00:11:15,180
+minus 10 minus 5 but in all cases as long as the
+
+161
+00:11:15,180 --> 00:11:17,540
+divergence is negative as long as divergence means
+
+162
+00:11:17,540 --> 00:11:21,820
+it will not form a real image will not form a real 
+
+163
+00:11:21,820 --> 00:11:23,400
+image Now let's continue
+
+164
+00:11:27,450 --> 00:11:31,930
+Now suppose a plus 6 diopter thin lens is placed 5
+
+165
+00:11:31,930 --> 00:11:36,870
+cm behind the first lens هل هتتكون صورة احنا روحنا
+
+166
+00:11:36,870 --> 00:11:43,570
+جيبنا عدسة تانية بعد ب5 cm و حطناها بعد ب5 cm و
+
+167
+00:11:43,570 --> 00:11:48,110
+حطناها طيب في هذه الحالة هل هتتكون صورة؟ اذا
+
+168
+00:11:48,110 --> 00:11:51,510
+هتتكون صورة وين مكانها؟ and how much is the 
+
+169
+00:11:51,510 --> 00:11:55,510
+Transphase Magnification Transphase Magnification
+
+170
+00:11:55,510 --> 00:11:59,670
+can be complicated first of all we need to
+
+171
+00:11:59,670 --> 00:12:03,710
+establish a fact that any light any light this is
+
+172
+00:12:03,710 --> 00:12:07,550
+a general fact any light that comes out of a 
+
+173
+00:12:07,550 --> 00:12:11,450
+divergent lens in a negative scattering state will
+
+174
+00:12:11,450 --> 00:12:16,050
+not form a picture if we put a distance to this 
+
+175
+00:12:16,050 --> 00:12:18,510
+lens that came out of it negative it will not form 
+
+176
+00:12:18,510 --> 00:12:22,880
+a picture وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل
+
+177
+00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:26,620
+هتتكون صورة؟
+
+178
+00:12:26,620 --> 00:12:31,260
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+179
+00:12:31,260 --> 00:12:33,640
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+180
+00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:35,000
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+181
+00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:38,500
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+182
+00:12:38,500 --> 00:12:40,160
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+183
+00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:45,800
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هصورة العدسة
+
+184
+00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:50,720
+الأولى صورة العدسة الأولى هي جسم للعدسة التانية هي
+
+185
+00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:55,360
+جسم للعدسة التانية نروح بس لصورة فيها العدستين 
+
+186
+00:12:55,360 --> 00:13:00,860
+موجودين هاي العدستين هندي، هاي العدسة الأولى، وهي 
+
+187
+00:13:00,860 --> 00:13:05,880
+الجسم الأول بالخط المنقط، العدسة بالخط المنقط، إذا
+
+188
+00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:11,690
+نطلع على عرض مكبر شوية بنقول هاي العدسة الأولى وهي
+
+189
+00:13:11,690 --> 00:13:
+
+223
+00:15:40,630 --> 00:15:45,110
+التزام بقاعدة انه الجسم بتاع العدسة الأولى بتاع 
+
+224
+00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:48,530
+العدسة التانية الجسم بتاع العدسة التانية هو صورة 
+
+225
+00:15:48,530 --> 00:15:52,530
+العدسة الأولىطب يا عم أنا الصورة العدسة الأولى ما 
+
+226
+00:15:52,530 --> 00:15:59,110
+تكونت، آه، الآن بدنا نفرض فرضية أنه العدسة الأولى 
+
+227
+00:15:59,110 --> 00:16:04,010
+كونتلي صورة تخيلية، هى ما كونت، عشان نكسب منها 
+
+228
+00:16:04,010 --> 00:16:09,530
+تخيلية، بدنا نتخيل مع بعض أنه العدسة الأولى كونت 
+
+229
+00:16:09,530 --> 00:16:14,600
+صورة في مكان ما من الفراغفى مكان ما من الفراغ 
+
+230
+00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:18,940
+وهادي الصورة فى مكان ما من الفراغ بده اعتبرها جسم 
+
+231
+00:16:18,940 --> 00:16:22,940
+للعدسة التانية بده اعتبرها جسم للعدسة التانية و 
+
+232
+00:16:22,940 --> 00:16:28,220
+ساعتها بيتكتمل عندى حل المثل اذا العلماء قالوا انه 
+
+233
+00:16:28,220 --> 00:16:32,240
+احنا لابدTo imagine is to imagine, this is not 
+
+234
+00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:35,020
+real, this is not real, it is just an imagination 
+
+235
+00:16:35,020 --> 00:16:40,160
+That the first lens that could not form a real 
+
+236
+00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:43,760
+image, we want to assume or imagine that it formed 
+
+237
+00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:48,720
+a picture that is out of spaceوهذه الصورة ما في 
+
+238
+00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:52,660
+مكان ما من الفراغ، بدّه اعتبرها جسم للعدسة التانية 
+
+239
+00:16:52,660 --> 00:16:56,660
+اللي هي الـPlus 6 ديوتر. هيك اتفقوا العلماء، الآن 
+
+240
+00:16:56,660 --> 00:17:01,680
+طرحوا سؤال على بعضهم البعض، يا ترى وين هذا المكان؟ 
+
+241
+00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:06,200
+عشان أعرفه، أجيس بعضه عن العدسة التانية، أجيس بعضه 
+
+242
+00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:09,620
+عن العدسة التانية، إجوا العلماء قالوا، احنا بنقول 
+
+243
+00:17:09,620 --> 00:17:14,320
+كالقادةthis is the first lens that failed to form 
+
+244
+00:17:14,320 --> 00:17:18,320
+a picture and this is the first body that reached 
+
+245
+00:17:18,320 --> 00:17:23,740
+divergence minus ten and stayed away from the back 
+
+246
+00:17:23,740 --> 00:17:28,180
+surface of the first lens the refractive state of 
+
+247
+00:17:28,180 --> 00:17:31,980
+light is minus five now the scientists said as 
+
+248
+00:17:31,980 --> 00:17:36,580
+usual the light at this exact point at this exact 
+
+249
+00:17:36,580 --> 00:17:40,480
+point its refractive state is minus five diopters 
+
+250
+00:17:41,150 --> 00:17:45,150
+Okay, this case is similar to if the light is 
+
+251
+00:17:45,150 --> 00:17:50,190
+emitted alone in space without a lens without a 
+
+252
+00:17:50,190 --> 00:17:54,970
+lens after 20 cm if I calculate the vergence the 
+
+253
+00:17:54,970 --> 00:17:57,530
+vergence is the inverse of the distance the 
+
+254
+00:17:57,530 --> 00:17:59,810
+vergence is the inverse of the distance we say as 
+
+255
+00:17:59,810 --> 00:18:02,510
+follows we want to calculate the vergence of the 
+
+256
+00:18:02,510 --> 00:18:05,070
+light emitted alone in space without a lens 
+
+257
+00:18:05,070 --> 00:18:07,910
+without a lens we want to calculate the vergence 
+
+258
+00:18:07,910 --> 00:18:11,650
+at a distance of 10 cm we saythe divergence of 
+
+259
+00:18:11,650 --> 00:18:15,210
+light is 
+
+260
+00:18:15,210 --> 00:18:21,810
+equal to one over distance as we learned before 
+
+261
+00:18:21,810 --> 00:18:31,670
+so divergence is equal to one over 
+
+262
+00:18:38,490 --> 00:18:40,570
+minus, why minus? because the distance is coming 
+
+263
+00:18:40,570 --> 00:18:45,650
+from the left coming from the left to minus or 
+
+264
+00:18:45,650 --> 00:18:47,910
+because the light is scattered, as if because the 
+
+265
+00:18:47,910 --> 00:18:50,890
+light is scattered the scattered light, we give it 
+
+266
+00:18:50,890 --> 00:18:55,570
+a minus sign one over minus twenty centimeters is 
+
+267
+00:18:55,570 --> 00:19:04,630
+two out of ten meters and equals equals 
+
+268
+00:19:04,630 --> 00:19:09,840
+minus five1 minus 1 means it's a diopter. It means 
+
+269
+00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:13,800
+the light. When it comes from a point in the gap 
+
+270
+00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:18,160
+20 cm away and you measure it with this point, it 
+
+271
+00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:21,120
+was 20 cm away. This point which is exactly equal 
+
+272
+00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:24,280
+to or exactly on top of the back surface of the 
+
+273
+00:19:24,280 --> 00:19:29,460
+lens is equal to 20 cm. The divergence is minus 5 
+
+274
+00:19:29,460 --> 00:19:34,260
+diopters.and here in this case object at a 
+
+275
+00:19:34,260 --> 00:19:37,860
+distance of 10 cm and 5 out of 10 and plus 5 
+
+276
+00:19:37,860 --> 00:19:41,180
+diopters gave me at the back surface of the lens 
+
+277
+00:19:41,180 --> 00:19:44,940
+minus 5 diopters so the fluctuation state of light 
+
+278
+00:19:44,940 --> 00:19:48,240
+here is the same fluctuation state of light here 
+
+279
+00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:52,460
+but here without a lens here with a body with a 
+
+280
+00:19:52,460 --> 00:19:54,040
+lens of course here is a narrow point which means 
+
+281
+00:19:54,040 --> 00:19:56,500
+body here is a body by itself at a distance of 20 
+
+282
+00:19:56,500 --> 00:20:00,010
+cmfrom the area that I mentioned with the virgins, 
+
+283
+00:20:00,050 --> 00:20:03,310
+and here an object 10 cm wide with a plus 5 lens 
+
+284
+00:20:03,310 --> 00:20:07,890
+The refractive state of light at this point is the 
+
+285
+00:20:07,890 --> 00:20:12,070
+same refractive state of light at the back surface 
+
+286
+00:20:12,070 --> 00:20:15,590
+of the lens .. at the back surface of the lens The 
+
+287
+00:20:15,590 --> 00:20:18,590
+scientists said, then it is excellent, then any 
+
+288
+00:20:18,590 --> 00:20:23,280
+object with a plus lensit gives me a negative 
+
+289
+00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:26,940
+divergence at the back of the lens I want to 
+
+290
+00:20:26,940 --> 00:20:29,660
+remove these two and get used to them by a point 
+
+291
+00:20:29,660 --> 00:20:32,100
+.. get used to them by a point .. as if they don't 
+
+292
+00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:35,060
+exist .. get used to them by a point on the left 
+
+293
+00:20:35,060 --> 00:20:37,660
+with a distance that gives me the same divergence 
+
+294
+00:20:37,660 --> 00:20:42,060
+that is here in other words, if I put an object at 
+
+295
+00:20:42,060 --> 00:20:43,980
+a distance of 10 cm and it is plus or minus 5 cm, 
+
+296
+00:20:44,380 --> 00:20:47,680
+the light at the back of the lens, at this area of 
+
+297
+00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:50,280
+​​the gap, will fluctuate to minus 5 cm or more 
+
+298
+00:20:50,810 --> 00:20:53,510
+Okay, I don't want this object and I don't want 
+
+299
+00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:55,490
+this lens, I want to assume that there is a point 
+
+300
+00:20:55,490 --> 00:20:58,370
+in the gap at a distance of 20 cm, at a distance 
+
+301
+00:20:58,370 --> 00:21:01,030
+of 20 cm and I remove the object and I remove the 
+
+302
+00:21:01,030 --> 00:21:03,050
+lens and I calculate that at this point in the gap 
+
+303
+00:21:03,050 --> 00:21:06,430
+there will also be minus 5 degrees Most scientists 
+
+304
+00:21:06,430 --> 00:21:08,950
+say that this point which is on the left with 20 
+
+305
+00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:13,410
+cm, this point, this point 
+
+306
+00:21:19,700 --> 00:21:22,560
+Which is 20 centimeters away from the rear surface 
+
+307
+00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:24,820
+of the lens, which is considered the location of 
+
+308
+00:21:24,820 --> 00:21:25,700
+the imaginary image 
+
+309
+00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:32,320
+We want to emphasize a very important point, let's 
+
+310
+00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:36,180
+say as follows This point does not mean to go back 
+
+311
+00:21:36,180 --> 00:21:41,640
+and forth, no As if this object and the lens As if 
+
+312
+00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:45,780
+.. As if .. As if this object and the lens form a 
+
+313
+00:21:45,780 --> 00:21:48,560
+picture here And this picture will be considered 
+
+314
+00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:52,360
+the object of the next lens Object of the next 
+
+315
+00:21:52,360 --> 00:21:57,490
+lens So the imaginary pictureالصورة التخيلية تكونت 
+
+316
+00:21:57,490 --> 00:22:03,450
+على الإشمال أو بدنا نفرض إنها تكونت على الإشمالand 
+
+317
+00:22:03,450 --> 00:22:06,810
+it is 20 cm away from the first lens from the 
+
+318
+00:22:06,810 --> 00:22:11,330
+first lens now as follows this is the first real 
+
+319
+00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:15,430
+body this is the first real body this is the 
+
+320
+00:22:15,430 --> 00:22:19,830
+object, this is the first lens drawn in red the 
+
+321
+00:22:19,830 --> 00:22:23,770
+first real body is 10 cm away from the lens it 
+
+322
+00:22:23,770 --> 00:22:27,350
+formed a picture 20 cm away from the left it did 
+
+323
+00:22:27,350 --> 00:22:29,830
+not form a bright light to form the light turned 
+
+324
+00:22:29,830 --> 00:22:34,490
+out to be divergentWe talked about this amount a 
+
+325
+00:22:34,490 --> 00:22:37,990
+while ago 
+
+326
+00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:41,730
+The 
+
+327
+00:22:41,730 --> 00:22:43,490
+light came out as a divergent of the amount of 
+
+328
+00:22:43,490 --> 00:22:47,890
+minus 5 diopters And this minus 5 diopters means 
+
+329
+00:22:47,890 --> 00:22:50,890
+that it will not form a real image We will imagine 
+
+330
+00:22:50,890 --> 00:22:55,410
+that it formed an imaginary image on the left at a 
+
+331
+00:22:55,410 --> 00:22:58,190
+distance of 20 cm Why left at a distance of 20 cm? 
+
+332
+00:22:58,230 --> 00:23:01,610
+Why is it at a distance of 30 or 40 cm?Because at 
+
+333
+00:23:01,610 --> 00:23:05,090
+a distance of 20 cm, if the light starts from this 
+
+334
+00:23:05,090 --> 00:23:08,670
+point, it will give me at this area of ​​the gap, 
+
+335
+00:23:08,710 --> 00:23:13,110
+at this area of ​​the gap, minus 5 diopters So 
+
+336
+00:23:13,110 --> 00:23:15,950
+this is the place of the image that is agreed on 
+
+337
+00:23:15,950 --> 00:23:18,030
+the assumption of its formation, on the assumption 
+
+338
+00:23:18,030 --> 00:23:20,570
+of its formation This image will be considered an 
+
+339
+00:23:20,570 --> 00:23:25,300
+object for the next lensThis image which is 20 cm 
+
+340
+00:23:25,300 --> 00:23:27,960
+away will be considered as object of the first 
+
+341
+00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:31,000
+lens This image of the first lens will be 
+
+342
+00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,700
+considered as object of the second lens Ok, the 
+
+343
+00:23:34,700 --> 00:23:37,900
+image of the first lens will be considered as 
+
+344
+00:23:37,900 --> 00:23:40,560
+object of the second lens How far is it from the 
+
+345
+00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:45,500
+second lens? We said that this image is 20 cm away 
+
+346
+00:23:45,500 --> 00:23:49,800
+from the first lensوفي مسافة بين العدسة الأولى 
+
+347
+00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:53,600
+والتانية خمسة صنطي اذا هذه الصورة تحت العدسة 
+
+348
+00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:56,660
+الأولى اللى هى object للعدسة التانية بتبعد عن 
+
+349
+00:23:56,660 --> 00:24:01,040
+العدسة التانية مقدار خمسة وعشرين صنطي خمسة زائد 
+
+350
+00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:05,680
+عشرين صنطي الان بدنا نتعامل مع كل عدسة على حده 
+
+351
+00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:12,150
+بدنا نتعامل مع كل عدسة على حده فبأنصح انا حقيقةI 
+
+352
+00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:15,870
+hide the first lens and the first object I hide 
+
+353
+00:24:15,870 --> 00:24:20,610
+the first lens and the first object And I come and 
+
+354
+00:24:20,610 --> 00:24:25,330
+work as follows Now I have a new problem, a new 
+
+355
+00:24:25,330 --> 00:24:28,550
+problem But before I get into this topic, we 
+
+356
+00:24:28,550 --> 00:24:32,010
+haven't finished our work with the first lens yet 
+
+357
+00:24:32,010 --> 00:24:37,700
+So, the first lens created a picture for meon a 
+
+358
+00:24:37,700 --> 00:24:40,840
+distance of 20 centimeters one can say that I'm 
+
+359
+00:24:40,840 --> 00:24:44,140
+exaggerating, how can I get the distance? we get 
+
+360
+00:24:44,140 --> 00:24:47,880
+the distance in a very simple way very simple, we 
+
+361
+00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:52,040
+say as follows the divergence here is 5 
+
+362
+00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:54,940
+centimeters I want to work with this problem I 
+
+363
+00:24:54,940 --> 00:24:58,180
+want to work with this problem, I work very simply 
+
+364
+00:24:58,180 --> 00:25:02,020
+we say U equals 
+
+365
+00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:06,640
+minus n over o, I still want to start working with 
+
+366
+00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:09,860
+the first lens and it is equal to minus one 
+
+367
+00:25:09,860 --> 00:25:12,380
+because the light is divergent over ten 
+
+368
+00:25:12,380 --> 00:25:16,380
+centimeters which is one out of ten meters and it 
+
+369
+00:25:16,380 --> 00:25:22,100
+is equal to minus ten diopters minus ten diopters 
+
+370
+00:25:22,100 --> 00:25:27,860
+I go to the front surface of the lens I say minus 
+
+371
+00:25:27,860 --> 00:25:29,300
+ten diopters 
+
+372
+00:25:38,850 --> 00:25:43,190
+minus 10 diopter, we took out the u, we take out 
+
+373
+00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:53,830
+the v, we say v or u plus p, u plus p equals v, 
+
+374
+00:25:55,330 --> 00:26:01,830
+the u minus 10 diopter plus the power 5 diopter 
+
+375
+00:26:01,830 --> 00:26:03,070
+equals 
+
+376
+00:26:06,610 --> 00:26:15,490
+the power plus 5 is greater than or equal to V, so 
+
+377
+00:26:15,490 --> 00:26:25,460
+V is equal to minus 5Vthis is more ok we will take 
+
+378
+00:26:25,460 --> 00:26:27,460
+out the place of the picture the picture will not 
+
+379
+00:26:27,460 --> 00:26:30,880
+form a picture but we have to imagine that a 
+
+380
+00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:32,880
+picture was formed in a place of space so that we 
+
+381
+00:26:32,880 --> 00:26:35,660
+can continue with the light that will reach the 
+
+382
+00:26:35,660 --> 00:26:40,440
+surface of the other lens we say V is equal to 
+
+383
+00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:49,440
+unconditional over I then 
+
+384
+00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:49,920
+I 
+
+385
+00:26:52,640 --> 00:27:00,900
+I is equal to unconditional over V is equal to 
+
+386
+00:27:00,900 --> 00:27:09,800
+unconditional 1 over V minus 5 this is possible 1 
+
+387
+00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:14,340
+over minus 5 is minus 2 out of 10 meters 
+
+388
+00:27:20,590 --> 00:27:23,850
+means minus 20 centimeters that's how I know minus 
+
+389
+00:27:23,850 --> 00:27:28,670
+here is the distance minus 20 minus 20 centimeters 
+
+390
+00:27:28,670 --> 00:27:31,250
+or minus 2 out of 10 meters so the distance to the 
+
+391
+00:27:31,250 --> 00:27:35,310
+left the distance to the left okay now I want the 
+
+392
+00:27:35,310 --> 00:27:37,830
+transfers magnification the transfers 
+
+393
+00:27:37,830 --> 00:27:47,370
+magnification U over V which is TM1 equals U over 
+
+394
+00:27:47,370 --> 00:27:58,750
+Vand it is equal to minus ten diopters over minus 
+
+395
+00:27:58,750 --> 00:28:08,240
+five diopters and it is equal to xminus to minus 
+
+396
+00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:12,900
+plus is a regular picture and ten to five is two, 
+
+397
+00:28:13,060 --> 00:28:17,640
+which is a diopter with a diopter. So x plus two, 
+
+398
+00:28:18,360 --> 00:28:21,060
+which means that the picture is big and regular. 
+
+399
+00:28:24,900 --> 00:28:28,740
+The picture is big and regular. We will cancel it 
+
+400
+00:28:28,740 --> 00:28:30,360
+here. And at a distance of twenty centimeters to 
+
+401
+00:28:30,360 --> 00:28:39,340
+the left, to the left ofومرتين أعلى من ال object 
+
+402
+00:28:39,340 --> 00:28:43,380
+مرتين أعلى من ال object حقيقة الصورة 
+
+403
+00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:53,860
+The imaginary picture is preferred to .. or I like 
+
+404
+00:28:53,860 --> 00:28:57,620
+to write it in a shortened form to indicate that 
+
+405
+00:28:57,620 --> 00:28:59,340
+it is an imaginary picture, not a composite 
+
+406
+00:28:59,340 --> 00:29:01,400
+
+
+445
+00:32:25,820 --> 00:32:33,500
+I تساوي Uncharted على V ويساوي 
+
+446
+00:32:33,500 --> 00:32:41,260
+1 Uncharted في الهواء على V plus 2 ديوبتر ويساوي 1
+
+447
+00:32:41,260 --> 00:32:46,280
+على 2 إذا plus نص and the diopter which is 1 minus
+
+448
+00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:49,920
+1 when it comes out becomes 1 meter so the picture
+
+449
+00:32:49,920 --> 00:32:53,320
+will be half a meter away on the right of the lens
+
+450
+00:32:53,320 --> 00:32:57,900
+on the right of the lens we want to see the total
+
+451
+00:32:57,900 --> 00:33:01,140
+transphase magnification so half a meter away on
+
+452
+00:33:01,140 --> 00:33:06,280
+the right of the lens half
+
+453
+00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:13,390
+a meter away which is 50 centimeters on a distance
+
+454
+00:33:13,390 --> 00:33:15,030
+of fifty centimeters, but let's see the 
+
+455
+00:33:15,030 --> 00:33:17,030
+magnification of the lens, let's see the 
+
+456
+00:33:17,030 --> 00:33:24,530
+magnification of the lens, we say of
+
+457
+00:33:24,530 --> 00:33:27,570
+course a real picture, why? Because the rays are
+
+458
+00:33:27,570 --> 00:33:29,750
+collected, the rays are collected
+
+459
+00:33:41,350 --> 00:33:44,430
+we say transference magnification number 2 is
+
+460
+00:33:44,430 --> 00:33:48,310
+equal to
+
+461
+00:33:48,310 --> 00:33:55,810
+T M 2 T
+
+462
+00:33:55,810 --> 00:34:02,030
+M 2 is equal to U over V U minus 4 diopter over V 
+
+463
+00:34:02,030 --> 00:34:07,570
+plus 2 diopter so minus 4 diopter
+
+464
+00:34:10,110 --> 00:34:17,330
+minus 4 diopter by plus 2 diopter which is equal
+
+465
+00:34:17,330 --> 00:34:24,050
+to x minus by plus minus and 4 by 2 is equal to 2
+
+466
+00:34:24,050 --> 00:34:29,590
+and the diopter with the doipter goes away so the 
+
+467
+00:34:29,590 --> 00:34:37,910
+final picture is bigger than its body by twice 
+
+468
+00:34:39,250 --> 00:34:45,370
+Bimقدار مرتين طب بنا نحسب ال TM total ال TM total
+
+469
+00:34:45,370 --> 00:34:52,630
+اللي هو TM one في TM two ال total TM
+
+470
+00:34:52,630 --> 00:35:07,270
+يساوي TM one ضرب TM two ويساق TM two اذا يساوي
+
+471
+00:35:13,090 --> 00:35:17,490
+tm1 we go back to the previous slide, tm1 plus 2
+
+472
+00:35:17,490 --> 00:35:27,310
+and tm2 minus 2 plus 2
+
+473
+00:35:27,310 --> 00:35:39,880
+times minus 2 which is equal to x minus 4x-4 which
+
+474
+00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:42,880
+is the total transference magnification what does
+
+475
+00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:44,840
+total transference magnification mean?
+
+476
+00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:55,540
+it means that the 
+
+477
+00:35:55,540 --> 00:35:58,120
+final magnification of the final image for the
+
+478
+00:35:58,120 --> 00:36:03,260
+first body for the first body is considered now
+
+479
+00:36:03,260 --> 00:36:10,230
+I'm going to remove this put it asideThis is my 
+
+480
+00:36:10,230 --> 00:36:14,750
+final view, this is the first body, this is the 
+
+481
+00:36:14,750 --> 00:36:17,970
+picture of it, of the first lens, this is the
+
+482
+00:36:17,970 --> 00:36:20,330
+second body, and this is the final picture The
+
+483
+00:36:20,330 --> 00:36:24,110
+final picture is twice as big as its body, and it 
+
+484
+00:36:24,110 --> 00:36:28,140
+is upside down for itهاي أكبر مرتين من الجسم
+
+485
+00:36:28,140 --> 00:36:31,540
+بتاعها و الجسم بتاعها اللي هو الصورة الأولى أكبر 
+
+486
+00:36:31,540 --> 00:36:35,640
+مرتين من الجسم بتاعه فبالتالي تنين فتنين بقى أربع
+
+487
+00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:39,200
+و الصورة النهائية مجلوة الصورة النهائية مجلوة هاي
+
+488
+00:36:39,200 --> 00:36:43,540
+قضية .. هاي قضية اللي هو ال virtual image ال
+
+489
+00:36:43,540 --> 00:36:46,420
+virtual image و هنا زي ما قلنا احنا ال virtual 
+
+490
+00:36:46,420 --> 00:36:52,010
+image بنحب أنه يكون لها ..It should be in a
+
+491
+00:36:52,010 --> 00:36:54,570
+simplified form, so that it does not confuse 
+
+492
+00:36:54,570 --> 00:36:58,710
+people that this is a picture. This will not 
+
+493
+00:36:58,710 --> 00:37:09,070
+happen. Light will follow exactly the way that we 
+
+494
+00:37:09,070 --> 00:37:13,650
+will see in the simulation to end this case. We
+
+495
+00:37:13,650 --> 00:37:18,610
+say that light will come with divergenceIt will 
+
+496
+00:37:18,610 --> 00:37:20,750
+reduce divergence with it, but it will be
+
+497
+00:37:20,750 --> 00:37:24,350
+divergent, another lens will come and collect it 
+
+498
+00:37:24,350 --> 00:37:26,810
+and form a real image. This is the path of light.
+
+499
+00:37:26,910 --> 00:37:29,270
+Light does not come back and forth to form a 
+
+500
+00:37:29,270 --> 00:37:33,590
+virtual image. Virtual image is an idea to 
+
+501
+00:37:33,590 --> 00:37:35,830
+facilitate imagination, to facilitate. We talked 
+
+502
+00:37:35,830 --> 00:37:38,690
+about virtual image. This light, which is drawn in 
+
+503
+00:37:38,690 --> 00:37:41,650
+white color, will continue its way in white color.
+
+504
+00:37:42,070 --> 00:37:47,570
+These green lines, but we will say as if a picture 
+
+505
+00:37:47,570 --> 00:37:50,290
+was formed here.So why are we forced to do this? 
+
+506
+00:37:50,730 --> 00:37:53,710
+Because we have a rule that we can't ignore which
+
+507
+00:37:53,710 --> 00:37:57,610
+is dealing with each lens one by one What does it 
+
+508
+00:37:57,610 --> 00:37:59,270
+mean dealing with each lens one by one? It means 
+
+509
+00:37:59,270 --> 00:38:02,890
+that in order to deal with lens number two you 
+
+510
+00:38:02,890 --> 00:38:06,570
+have to bring the object of lens number two Okay,
+
+511
+00:38:06,650 --> 00:38:10,670
+the object of lens number two is the image of lens
+
+512
+00:38:10,670 --> 00:38:13,270
+number one Okay, lens number one did not form an
+
+513
+00:38:13,270 --> 00:38:16,630
+image We say okay, suppose it formed an image in
+
+514
+00:38:16,630 --> 00:38:20,310
+spaceOkay, let's assume. Okay, where is this
+
+515
+00:38:20,310 --> 00:38:21,870
+assumption? I mean, where is the place of this 
+
+516
+00:38:21,870 --> 00:38:25,210
+picture that we imagined? Imagine. We say that the 
+
+517
+00:38:25,210 --> 00:38:30,070
+picture is exactly in the place that gives me the 
+
+518
+00:38:30,070 --> 00:38:32,490
+emergence of the light. It gives me the emergence 
+
+519
+00:38:32,490 --> 00:38:35,130
+of the light and a fluctuating state of light. It 
+
+520
+00:38:35,130 --> 00:38:37,450
+is exactly similar to the fluctuating state of
+
+521
+00:38:37,450 --> 00:38:39,890
+light at the source of the first lens that could
+
+522
+00:38:39,890 --> 00:38:42,170
+not form a picture. Okay, how do I calculate it? 
+
+523
+00:38:42,850 --> 00:38:45,090
+We say that V is equal to unconditional over I. 
+
+524
+00:38:45,470 --> 00:38:49,230
+then I is unconditional over V and I will
+
+525
+00:38:49,230 --> 00:38:52,590
+sometimes appear as minus on the left of the lens, 
+
+526
+00:38:52,770 --> 00:38:57,870
+so the problem will be very easy, very easy, not 
+
+527
+00:38:57,870 --> 00:39:01,970
+just a warning, not just a warning or to warn 
+
+528
+00:39:01,970 --> 00:39:05,430
+where the picture is formed, where the picture is
+
+529
+00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:08,270
+formed, we say as follows How did we know that the
+
+530
+00:39:08,270 --> 00:39:12,490
+imaginary picture is here? V is unconditional over 
+
+531
+00:39:12,490 --> 00:39:16,890
+I, then I is unconditional over V1 over minus 5 
+
+532
+00:39:16,890 --> 00:39:19,690
+diopter which is V which is minus 2 out of 10
+
+533
+00:39:19,690 --> 00:39:24,070
+meters. Okay, if here I have V minus 4 diopter, I 
+
+534
+00:39:24,070 --> 00:39:26,190
+will divide by minus 4 diopter and I will get
+
+535
+00:39:26,190 --> 00:39:30,090
+minus quarter meter which is minus 25 centimeters. 
+
+536
+00:39:30,410 --> 00:39:32,710
+So I apply the rule V is equal to I 
+
+537
+00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:35,230
+unconditionally over I, so I is equal to V 
+
+538
+00:39:35,230 --> 00:39:36,410
+unconditionally over I, whether the picture is
+
+539
+00:39:36,410 --> 00:39:40,390
+real or imaginary So we will stop at this point 
+
+540
+00:39:40,390 --> 00:39:41,990
+and we will take examples, God willing, in the
+
+541
+00:39:41,990 --> 00:39:44,650
+exercises to clarify the issue of the imaginary 
+
+542
+00:39:44,650 --> 00:39:49,510
+picture and we will stop at .. at .. that objects 
+
+543
+00:39:49,510 --> 00:39:53,170
+can .. the object itself can be virtual as the
+
+544
+00:39:53,170 --> 00:39:56,570
+picture we took today can be virtual and give you
+
+545
+00:39:56,570 --> 00:39:59,490
+wellness and peace, mercy and blessings of God 

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/P_poCHustFY_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2180 @@
+1
+00:00:01,670 --> 00:00:06,090
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنستكمل محاضرات البصريات
+
+2
+00:00:06,090 --> 00:00:13,010
+الهندسية، ووصلنا حقيقة عند موضوع مهم للغاية، وبده
+
+3
+00:00:13,010 --> 00:00:18,350
+شوية تخيل، مش صعب، ولكن بده شوية تخيل، اللي هو ال
+
+4
+00:00:18,350 --> 00:00:23,370
+virtual images and objectsWhat does virtual images
+
+5
+00:00:23,370 --> 00:00:26,650
+and objects mean? It means imaginary images and
+
+6
+00:00:26,650 --> 00:00:30,190
+imaginary objects A person might have heard the
+
+7
+00:00:30,190 --> 00:00:33,290
+word imaginary image, but he didn't hear imaginary
+
+8
+00:00:33,290 --> 00:00:37,430
+body, imaginary body Today we will talk about the
+
+9
+00:00:37,430 --> 00:00:40,290
+virtual image and in the next lecture, God
+
+10
+00:00:40,290 --> 00:00:43,030
+willing, we will talk about the virtual object and
+
+11
+00:00:43,030 --> 00:00:46,130
+we will know that the image can be a real image or
+
+12
+00:00:46,130 --> 00:00:50,950
+it can be an imaginary imageوال object أيضا ممكن
+
+13
+00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:55,870
+يكون object حقيقي يلمس باليد أو حتى لا يلمس باليد
+
+14
+00:00:55,870 --> 00:01:02,450
+وهذا هنشرحه وممكن يكون object تخيل .. object تخيل
+
+15
+00:01:02,450 --> 00:01:07,290
+.. إذا many people ..Find the subject of virtual
+
+16
+00:01:07,290 --> 00:01:10,310
+images and virtual objects to be the most
+
+17
+00:01:10,310 --> 00:01:14,130
+difficult aspect of Geometric Optics يعني كتير من
+
+18
+00:01:14,130 --> 00:01:17,730
+الناس بيلاجوا هذا الموضوع، موضوع ال virtual images
+
+19
+00:01:17,730 --> 00:01:20,730
+and objects هو أصعب موضوع في ال Geometric Optics
+
+20
+00:01:20,730 --> 00:01:25,070
+بس هو على النقيد حقيقة هوwith a little
+
+21
+00:01:25,070 --> 00:01:36,770
+imagination, it becomes a very enjoyable topic If
+
+22
+00:01:36,770 --> 00:01:41,330
+we follow some simple rules and stick to them, it
+
+23
+00:01:41,330 --> 00:01:43,990
+is very important to stick to them, we will find
+
+24
+00:01:43,990 --> 00:01:46,450
+that we understood the subject of virtual images
+
+25
+00:01:46,450 --> 00:01:51,920
+and objectsThe trick in this subject and the idea
+
+26
+00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:55,940
+in the subject of virtual image and object is that
+
+27
+00:01:55,940 --> 00:01:59,780
+the person does not overthink the subject, that
+
+28
+00:01:59,780 --> 00:02:02,960
+is, he does not go with his imagination and
+
+29
+00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:05,560
+complicate the subject and say what is a virtual
+
+30
+00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:09,360
+image and what is a virtual object, simply very
+
+31
+00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:15,180
+very veryThe virtual images and objects, which
+
+32
+00:02:15,180 --> 00:02:18,720
+means the imaginary objects and images are not
+
+33
+00:02:18,720 --> 00:02:23,540
+present in reality They are not present in the
+
+34
+00:02:23,540 --> 00:02:27,860
+experiments of geometric optics If we wanted to
+
+35
+00:02:27,860 --> 00:02:33,160
+meet or take a picture or get a receipt and
+
+36
+00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:36,960
+receive a virtual image or virtual object, it is
+
+37
+00:02:36,960 --> 00:02:40,420
+impossible to do this Why? Because it is simply
+
+38
+00:02:40,420 --> 00:02:43,810
+virtualmeans they are hypothetical things
+
+39
+00:02:43,810 --> 00:02:48,230
+hypothesized by scientists to facilitate reaching
+
+40
+00:02:48,230 --> 00:02:52,990
+the final picture when I use several lenses and we
+
+41
+00:02:52,990 --> 00:02:55,710
+will see this by example we will see it by example
+
+42
+00:02:55,710 --> 00:02:58,070
+we say consider .. this is an experience we have
+
+43
+00:02:58,070 --> 00:03:03,370
+consider an object 10 cm in front of plus 5
+
+44
+00:03:03,370 --> 00:03:06,750
+diopter thin lens in air we say as follows .. this
+
+45
+00:03:06,750 --> 00:03:07,310
+is my drawing
+
+46
+00:03:10,060 --> 00:03:15,580
+عندي object على بعد عشرة سانتي من عدسة قوتها خمسة
+
+47
+00:03:15,580 --> 00:03:23,880
+ديوبتر الضوء هيوصل ب U نحسبها نقول
+
+48
+00:03:23,880 --> 00:03:33,640
+U تساوي ناقص N على Oويساوي ناقص لأنه divergent,
+
+49
+00:03:33,820 --> 00:03:38,700
+divergent ناقص واحد في الهواء طبعا على O عشرة صنط
+
+50
+00:03:38,700 --> 00:03:45,990
+يعني واحد من عشرة متر ويساوي ناقص عشرة ديوبترSo,
+
+51
+00:03:46,090 --> 00:03:49,830
+the light will reach the surface of the lens by a
+
+52
+00:03:49,830 --> 00:03:54,530
+magnitude of 10 diopters. The lens must emit from
+
+53
+00:03:54,530 --> 00:03:59,950
+its power enough to emit 10 diopters. But the
+
+54
+00:03:59,950 --> 00:04:03,090
+total power of the lens is less than the magnitude
+
+55
+00:04:03,090 --> 00:04:08,180
+of the light. Its power is plus 5.It will all
+
+56
+00:04:08,180 --> 00:04:11,260
+explode on the front surface It will cancel the
+
+57
+00:04:11,260 --> 00:04:13,980
+plus 5 from the minus 10 It will cancel the minus
+
+58
+00:04:13,980 --> 00:04:16,960
+5 and I will have minus 5 So the light will come
+
+59
+00:04:16,960 --> 00:04:30,180
+out with V Which is U plus P equals V Okay The U
+
+60
+00:04:30,180 --> 00:04:38,280
+minus 10 diopter plus the power 5 diopterيساوي V
+
+61
+00:04:38,280 --> 00:04:47,120
+إذا V تساوي minus خمسة ديوبتر إيش يعني V تساوي
+
+62
+00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:50,200
+minus خمسة ديوبتر زي ما على الرسم المرسوم يعني
+
+63
+00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:53,860
+الضوء طلع divergence minus إيش يعني طلع divergence
+
+64
+00:04:53,860 --> 00:05:00,330
+minus يعني الضوء لازال متشتتاالضوء المتشتت مستحيل
+
+65
+00:05:00,330 --> 00:05:02,990
+يكوّن صورة Why is it impossible to form a picture?
+
+66
+00:05:03,230 --> 00:05:06,450
+Because the farther a distance is, the farther the
+
+67
+00:05:06,450 --> 00:05:10,390
+rays are away from each other The condition to
+
+68
+00:05:10,390 --> 00:05:13,190
+form a picture and call it a real picture is that
+
+69
+00:05:13,190 --> 00:05:17,730
+the rays are gatheredeven if it is a simple
+
+70
+00:05:17,730 --> 00:05:20,930
+collection, so that at a certain distance, the
+
+71
+00:05:20,930 --> 00:05:26,850
+rays can meet in a real picture Let's see this in
+
+72
+00:05:26,850 --> 00:05:30,090
+demonstration, we say as follows This is my first
+
+73
+00:05:30,090 --> 00:05:33,350
+example, this is a bright point, a point source of
+
+74
+00:05:33,350 --> 00:05:36,670
+light, the light reached a certain divergence, the
+
+75
+00:05:36,670 --> 00:05:40,070
+lens began to gather at this point, this point is
+
+76
+00:05:40,070 --> 00:05:43,380
+the location of the pictureThis is the picture,
+
+77
+00:05:43,440 --> 00:05:47,020
+this is the screen, okay Now after the light is
+
+78
+00:05:47,020 --> 00:05:49,560
+collected, it separates again This is the first
+
+79
+00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:51,420
+picture, if we imagine that there is another lens
+
+80
+00:05:51,420 --> 00:05:54,600
+here, it will start to collect to form the second
+
+81
+00:05:54,600 --> 00:05:57,000
+picture This picture is number one, the point
+
+82
+00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:01,000
+where the rays meet Okay, if we say that the rays
+
+83
+00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,480
+came out of the first lens divergent
+
+84
+00:06:08,990 --> 00:06:11,690
+means that it reached a big divergence and the
+
+85
+00:06:11,690 --> 00:06:13,990
+lens couldn't gather it as you can see, there is
+
+86
+00:06:13,990 --> 00:06:17,470
+no image at all the rays don't gather and the more
+
+87
+00:06:17,470 --> 00:06:23,870
+we move away, the more the rays diverge there is
+
+88
+00:06:23,870 --> 00:06:26,830
+no image at all one can say the circle, this
+
+89
+00:06:26,830 --> 00:06:29,870
+circle is not an image this residential circle is
+
+90
+00:06:29,870 --> 00:06:32,870
+not an image, but these rays are separated from
+
+91
+00:06:32,870 --> 00:06:40,040
+each othersome of them, so it means that a picture
+
+92
+00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:41,360
+does not form a picture does not form a picture
+
+93
+00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:46,020
+So, in this case .. in this case, a picture will
+
+94
+00:06:46,020 --> 00:06:49,560
+not form no matter how much we put the screen or
+
+95
+00:06:49,560 --> 00:06:52,900
+the paper of the receipt whether we put it on a
+
+96
+00:06:52,900 --> 00:06:54,640
+distance of a millimeter from the lens or ten
+
+97
+00:06:54,640 --> 00:06:56,780
+centimeters or a meter or two meters or a
+
+98
+00:06:56,780 --> 00:07:00,020
+kilometer So, in this case .. in this case, a
+
+99
+00:07:00,020 --> 00:07:03,000
+picture does not form Okay, let's continue with
+
+100
+00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:08,770
+the example we say of courselight strikes the lens
+
+101
+00:07:08,770 --> 00:07:12,890
+with a divergence of minus 10 diopter
+
+102
+00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:21,380
+and leaves with a divergence of minus five
+
+103
+00:07:21,380 --> 00:07:26,660
+diopters in
+
+104
+00:07:26,660 --> 00:07:30,520
+this case in this case unlike all in all previous
+
+105
+00:07:30,520 --> 00:07:35,380
+examples this example differs from all previous
+
+106
+00:07:35,380 --> 00:07:38,720
+examples light emerges with a negative divergence
+
+107
+00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:42,560
+light emerges with a divergence of negative
+
+108
+00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:46,800
+divergence all previous examplesThe light used to
+
+109
+00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:49,320
+come out with positive divergence and gather and
+
+110
+00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:52,000
+form a picture in space. I can receive this
+
+111
+00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,840
+picture on the receiving paper. This is true as
+
+112
+00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:57,560
+long as the high frequency is different and the
+
+113
+00:07:57,560 --> 00:08:01,200
+light also came out of the lens. It came out of
+
+114
+00:08:01,200 --> 00:08:06,290
+the lens with a magnitude of minus 5 diopter.which
+
+115
+00:08:06,290 --> 00:08:10,250
+means that light is still diverging after crossing
+
+116
+00:08:10,250 --> 00:08:14,830
+the lens, no real image is produced طبعا طالما بعد
+
+117
+00:08:14,830 --> 00:08:19,490
+ما غادر العدسة لساته divergent لساته has negative
+
+118
+00:08:19,490 --> 00:08:23,730
+divergence او divergent مافي real image is
+
+119
+00:08:23,730 --> 00:08:27,110
+produced طيب ممكن تقول طبعا أنا مش متأكد من هذا
+
+120
+00:08:27,110 --> 00:08:31,850
+الموضوع ممكن نقولك جيب شمعة و جيب عدسة plus 5
+
+121
+00:08:31,850 --> 00:08:35,890
+ديوبتر و أجيب الشمعةon a distance of 10
+
+122
+00:08:35,890 --> 00:08:38,990
+centimeters and that means turn on the candle and
+
+123
+00:08:38,990 --> 00:08:42,510
+put the plus 5 diopter lens on a distance of 10
+
+124
+00:08:42,510 --> 00:08:45,550
+centimeters and bring the receipt paper turn off
+
+125
+00:08:45,550 --> 00:08:48,330
+the light in the room and grab the receipt paper
+
+126
+00:08:48,330 --> 00:08:50,310
+from the back of the ceiling you will find the
+
+127
+00:08:50,310 --> 00:08:53,570
+lens and stay away no matter how far you go you
+
+128
+00:08:53,570 --> 00:08:55,790
+will not receive a picture of the candle you will
+
+129
+00:08:55,790 --> 00:09:00,630
+not receive a picture of the candle so you can
+
+130
+00:09:00,630 --> 00:09:03,070
+make sure of it by the practical experience the
+
+131
+00:09:03,070 --> 00:09:07,680
+readercan easily verify this by repeating the
+
+132
+00:09:07,680 --> 00:09:11,120
+basic imaging demonstration with plus five diopter
+
+133
+00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:13,740
+spherical convex trial lenses.
+
+134
+00:09:33,500 --> 00:09:37,420
+Notice that an image does not appear no matter
+
+135
+00:09:37,420 --> 00:09:41,440
+where the paper is held. نرجع تانى هنا بنقول هى
+
+136
+00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:45,180
+احنا عندنا الأشعة طلعت divergence هى ال paper أو
+
+137
+00:09:45,180 --> 00:09:47,820
+ال screen اللى احنا بنتلقى عليه الصورة هى حملناها
+
+138
+00:09:47,820 --> 00:09:53,760
+جريبة جدا فش صورة فش صورة فش صورة مافي صورة ابدا
+
+139
+00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:59,880
+مهماحملناها في أي مكان بعيدا او قريبا، بعيدا او
+
+140
+00:09:59,880 --> 00:10:02,760
+قريبا، في حالة ما يكون عند الأشعة اللي بتطلع من
+
+141
+00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:08,880
+العدسة convergent، convergent، اه الأشعة بتتجمع في
+
+142
+00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:12,160
+نقطة، هذه النقطة لأنها صدرت من نقطة و لازم تكون
+
+143
+00:10:12,160 --> 00:10:16,570
+تقريبا نقطةSo this point which is closest to the
+
+144
+00:10:16,570 --> 00:10:22,350
+place where the rays gather is point A. If we
+
+145
+00:10:22,350 --> 00:10:23,950
+assume that this point is point A, then this point
+
+146
+00:10:23,950 --> 00:10:27,650
+is point A. If we remove the screen and move it
+
+147
+00:10:27,650 --> 00:10:30,310
+away, it will meet in the first picture, this is
+
+148
+00:10:30,310 --> 00:10:32,510
+the first picture, then it will separate again
+
+149
+00:10:32,510 --> 00:10:36,950
+towards the gap or towards another lens if there
+
+150
+00:10:36,950 --> 00:10:38,730
+is another lens. But here
+
+151
+00:10:42,770 --> 00:10:46,170
+The rays came out divergent from the lens. True it
+
+152
+00:10:46,170 --> 00:10:48,530
+came out with a lot of divergence, but it came out
+
+153
+00:10:48,530 --> 00:10:52,530
+with less divergence, less divergence, like the
+
+154
+00:10:52,530 --> 00:10:56,760
+picture here or the powerpoint shows usThe rays
+
+155
+00:10:56,760 --> 00:11:00,200
+entered with a divergence of 10 minus 10 and also
+
+156
+00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:02,420
+came out with a divergence but less than what
+
+157
+00:11:02,420 --> 00:11:05,900
+entered in it Why? Because the lens changed the
+
+158
+00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:09,200
+oscillation state reduced from the divergence
+
+159
+00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:11,300
+reduced from the divergence became instead of
+
+160
+00:11:11,300 --> 00:11:15,180
+minus 10 minus 5 but in all cases as long as the
+
+161
+00:11:15,180 --> 00:11:17,540
+divergence is negative as long as divergence means
+
+162
+00:11:17,540 --> 00:11:21,820
+it will not form a real image will not form a real
+
+163
+00:11:21,820 --> 00:11:23,400
+image Now let's continue
+
+164
+00:11:27,450 --> 00:11:31,930
+Now suppose a plus 6 diopter thin lens is placed 5
+
+165
+00:11:31,930 --> 00:11:36,870
+cm behind the first lens هل هتتكون صورة احنا روحنا
+
+166
+00:11:36,870 --> 00:11:43,570
+جيبنا عدسة تانية بعد ب5 cm و حطناها بعد ب5 cm و
+
+167
+00:11:43,570 --> 00:11:48,110
+حطناها طيب في هذه الحالة هل هتتكون صورة؟ اذا
+
+168
+00:11:48,110 --> 00:11:51,510
+هتتكون صورة وين مكانها؟and how much is the
+
+169
+00:11:51,510 --> 00:11:55,510
+Transphase Magnification Transphase Magnification
+
+170
+00:11:55,510 --> 00:11:59,670
+can be complicated first of all we need to
+
+171
+00:11:59,670 --> 00:12:03,710
+establish a fact that any light any light this is
+
+172
+00:12:03,710 --> 00:12:07,550
+a general fact any light that comes out of a
+
+173
+00:12:07,550 --> 00:12:11,450
+divergent lens in a negative scattering state will
+
+174
+00:12:11,450 --> 00:12:16,050
+not form a picture if we put a distance to this
+
+175
+00:12:16,050 --> 00:12:18,510
+lens that came out of it negative it will not form
+
+176
+00:12:18,510 --> 00:12:22,880
+a pictureوحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل
+
+177
+00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:26,620
+هتتكون صورة؟
+
+178
+00:12:26,620 --> 00:12:31,260
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+179
+00:12:31,260 --> 00:12:33,640
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+180
+00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:35,000
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+181
+00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:38,500
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+182
+00:12:38,500 --> 00:12:40,160
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هتتكون صورة؟
+
+183
+00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:45,800
+وحطينا عدسة تانية عشان تجمع الضوء هل هصورة العدسة
+
+184
+00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:50,720
+الأولى صورة العدسة الأولى هي جسم للعدسة التانية هي
+
+185
+00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:55,360
+جسم للعدسة التانية نروح بس لصورة فيها العدستين
+
+186
+00:12:55,360 --> 00:13:00,860
+موجودين هاي العدستين هندي، هاي العدسة الأولى، وهي
+
+187
+00:13:00,860 --> 00:13:05,880
+الجسم الأول بالخط المنقط، العدسة بالخط المنقط، إذا
+
+188
+00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:11,690
+نطلع على عرض مكبر شويةبنقول هاي العدسة الأولى وهي
+
+189
+00:13:11,690 --> 00:13:17,150
+الجسم الأول هو الجسم الحقيقي الأول الضوء طلع من
+
+190
+00:13:17,150 --> 00:13:21,310
+العدسة الأولى divergent إذا مش هيكون صورة روحت أنا
+
+191
+00:13:21,310 --> 00:13:25,930
+على بعد خمسة سانتي حطيت عدسة تانية السؤال هل
+
+192
+00:13:25,930 --> 00:13:31,640
+هتتكون صورة ولا مش هتتكون صورة؟ بنقولI must track
+
+193
+00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:35,340
+the path of light when it reaches the other lens
+
+194
+00:13:35,340 --> 00:13:38,380
+and see if the other lens can cancel its
+
+195
+00:13:38,380 --> 00:13:41,320
+distortion and form a picture as the arrow shows
+
+196
+00:13:41,320 --> 00:13:45,220
+that it has become convergent or not? Okay, in
+
+197
+00:13:45,220 --> 00:13:48,200
+order to track the path of light in a base in
+
+198
+00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:55,240
+Geometric Optics, I can't .. I can't ignore it The
+
+199
+00:13:55,240 --> 00:14:00,720
+base is simply and very strictly thatالجسم بتاع
+
+200
+00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:05,900
+العدسة التانية هو صورة العدسة الأولى الجسم ال
+
+201
+00:14:05,900 --> 00:14:09,300
+object بتاع العدسة التانية هو صورة العدسة الأولى
+
+202
+00:14:09,300 --> 00:14:14,780
+طيب العدسة الأولى ما كونت صورة اذا هل من الممكن
+
+203
+00:14:14,780 --> 00:14:18,120
+انه اقول هذه القضية معناته ان هذا ال optical
+
+204
+00:14:18,120 --> 00:14:23,070
+system لا يستطيع انه يكونلي صورةIf we suppose this
+
+205
+00:14:23,070 --> 00:14:26,870
+argument and we go and get the acceptance papers
+
+206
+00:14:26,870 --> 00:14:29,470
+and we put the experiment with the conditions that
+
+207
+00:14:29,470 --> 00:14:34,170
+we see This is a body 10 cm wide and 10 cm away
+
+208
+00:14:34,170 --> 00:14:37,090
+and this is a first lens with a power of plus 5
+
+209
+00:14:37,090 --> 00:14:43,570
+diopters as we draw
+
+210
+00:14:43,570 --> 00:14:48,900
+this body 10 cm wideAnd her lens is plus 5
+
+211
+00:14:48,900 --> 00:14:56,320
+diopters. And we added another lens that is plus 6
+
+212
+00:14:56,320 --> 00:15:00,920
+diopters 5 cm away from the first lens. And we
+
+213
+00:15:00,920 --> 00:15:03,860
+brought the receipt papers. We will find that
+
+214
+00:15:03,860 --> 00:15:06,200
+there is a picture that was formed.As long as
+
+215
+00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:08,780
+there is an infinite image that is formed, then
+
+216
+00:15:08,780 --> 00:15:13,220
+this optical system is able to form an image for
+
+217
+00:15:13,220 --> 00:15:17,600
+me The two lenses together are able to form a real
+
+218
+00:15:17,600 --> 00:15:22,660
+image Okay, this lens alone cannot do it while the
+
+219
+00:15:22,660 --> 00:15:26,620
+two lenses together can do it, can do it Okay, now
+
+220
+00:15:26,620 --> 00:15:31,200
+the question, the question is I want to know the
+
+221
+00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:36,290
+lightوأتعامل مع الضوء لما وصل لسطح العدسة التانية
+
+222
+00:15:36,290 --> 00:15:40,630
+لسطح العدسة التانية بيقول عشان نعمل هيك لابد من
+
+223
+00:15:40,630 --> 00:15:45,110
+التزام بقاعدة انه الجسم بتاع العدسة الأولى بتاع
+
+224
+00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:48,530
+العدسة التانية الجسم بتاع العدسة التانية هو صورة
+
+225
+00:15:48,530 --> 00:15:52,530
+العدسة الأولىطب يا عم أنا الصورة العدسة الأولى ما
+
+226
+00:15:52,530 --> 00:15:59,110
+تكونت، آه، الآن بدنا نفرض فرضية أنه العدسة الأولى
+
+227
+00:15:59,110 --> 00:16:04,010
+كونتلي صورة تخيلية، هى ما كونت، عشان نكسب منها
+
+228
+00:16:04,010 --> 00:16:09,530
+تخيلية، بدنا نتخيل مع بعض أنه العدسة الأولى كونت
+
+229
+00:16:09,530 --> 00:16:14,600
+صورة في مكان ما من الفراغفى مكان ما من الفراغ
+
+230
+00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:18,940
+وهادي الصورة فى مكان ما من الفراغ بده اعتبرها جسم
+
+231
+00:16:18,940 --> 00:16:22,940
+للعدسة التانية بده اعتبرها جسم للعدسة التانية و
+
+232
+00:16:22,940 --> 00:16:28,220
+ساعتها بيتكتمل عندى حل المثل اذا العلماء قالوا انه
+
+233
+00:16:28,220 --> 00:16:32,240
+احنا لابدTo imagine is to imagine, this is not
+
+234
+00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:35,020
+real, this is not real, it is just an imagination
+
+235
+00:16:35,020 --> 00:16:40,160
+That the first lens that could not form a real
+
+236
+00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:43,760
+image, we want to assume or imagine that it formed
+
+237
+00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:48,720
+a picture that is out of spaceوهذه الصورة ما في
+
+238
+00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:52,660
+مكان ما من الفراغ، بدّه اعتبرها جسم للعدسة التانية
+
+239
+00:16:52,660 --> 00:16:56,660
+اللي هي الـPlus 6 ديوتر. هيك اتفقوا العلماء، الآن
+
+240
+00:16:56,660 --> 00:17:01,680
+طرحوا سؤال على بعضهم البعض، يا ترى وين هذا المكان؟
+
+241
+00:17:01,680 --> 00:17:06,200
+عشان أعرفه، أجيس بعضه عن العدسة التانية، أجيس بعضه
+
+242
+00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:09,620
+عن العدسة التانية، إجوا العلماء قالوا، احنا بنقول
+
+243
+00:17:09,620 --> 00:17:14,320
+كالقادةthis is the first lens that failed to form
+
+244
+00:17:14,320 --> 00:17:18,320
+a picture and this is the first body that reached
+
+245
+00:17:18,320 --> 00:17:23,740
+divergence minus ten and stayed away from the back
+
+246
+00:17:23,740 --> 00:17:28,180
+surface of the first lens the refractive state of
+
+247
+00:17:28,180 --> 00:17:31,980
+light is minus five now the scientists said as
+
+248
+00:17:31,980 --> 00:17:36,580
+usual the light at this exact point at this exact
+
+249
+00:17:36,580 --> 00:17:40,480
+point its refractive state is minus five diopters
+
+250
+00:17:41,150 --> 00:17:45,150
+Okay, this case is similar to if the light is
+
+251
+00:17:45,150 --> 00:17:50,190
+emitted alone in space without a lens without a
+
+252
+00:17:50,190 --> 00:17:54,970
+lens after 20 cm if I calculate the vergence the
+
+253
+00:17:54,970 --> 00:17:57,530
+vergence is the inverse of the distance the
+
+254
+00:17:57,530 --> 00:17:59,810
+vergence is the inverse of the distance we say as
+
+255
+00:17:59,810 --> 00:18:02,510
+follows we want to calculate the vergence of the
+
+256
+00:18:02,510 --> 00:18:05,070
+light emitted alone in space without a lens
+
+257
+00:18:05,070 --> 00:18:07,910
+without a lens we want to calculate the vergence
+
+258
+00:18:07,910 --> 00:18:11,650
+at a distance of 10 cm we saythe divergence of
+
+259
+00:18:11,650 --> 00:18:15,210
+light is
+
+260
+00:18:15,210 --> 00:18:21,810
+equal to one over distance as we learned before
+
+261
+00:18:21,810 --> 00:18:31,670
+so divergence is equal to one over
+
+262
+00:18:38,490 --> 00:18:40,570
+minus, why minus? because the distance is coming
+
+263
+00:18:40,570 --> 00:18:45,650
+from the left coming from the left to minus or
+
+264
+00:18:45,650 --> 00:18:47,910
+because the light is scattered, as if because the
+
+265
+00:18:47,910 --> 00:18:50,890
+light is scattered the scattered light, we give it
+
+266
+00:18:50,890 --> 00:18:55,570
+a minus sign one over minus twenty centimeters is
+
+267
+00:18:55,570 --> 00:19:04,630
+two out of ten meters and equals equals
+
+268
+00:19:04,630 --> 00:19:09,840
+minus five1 minus 1 means it's a diopter. It means
+
+269
+00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:13,800
+the light. When it comes from a point in the gap
+
+270
+00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:18,160
+20 cm away and you measure it with this point, it
+
+271
+00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:21,120
+was 20 cm away. This point which is exactly equal
+
+272
+00:19:21,120 --> 00:19:24,280
+to or exactly on top of the back surface of the
+
+273
+00:19:24,280 --> 00:19:29,460
+lens is equal to 20 cm. The divergence is minus 5
+
+274
+00:19:29,460 --> 00:19:34,260
+diopters.and here in this case object at a
+
+275
+00:19:34,260 --> 00:19:37,860
+distance of 10 cm and 5 out of 10 and plus 5
+
+276
+00:19:37,860 --> 00:19:41,180
+diopters gave me at the back surface of the lens
+
+277
+00:19:41,180 --> 00:19:44,940
+minus 5 diopters so the fluctuation state of light
+
+278
+00:19:44,940 --> 00:19:48,240
+here is the same fluctuation state of light here
+
+279
+00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:52,460
+but here without a lens here with a body with a
+
+280
+00:19:52,460 --> 00:19:54,040
+lens of course here is a narrow point which means
+
+281
+00:19:54,040 --> 00:19:56,500
+body here is a body by itself at a distance of 20
+
+282
+00:19:56,500 --> 00:20:00,010
+cmfrom the area that I mentioned with the virgins,
+
+283
+00:20:00,050 --> 00:20:03,310
+and here an object 10 cm wide with a plus 5 lens
+
+284
+00:20:03,310 --> 00:20:07,890
+The refractive state of light at this point is the
+
+285
+00:20:07,890 --> 00:20:12,070
+same refractive state of light at the back surface
+
+286
+00:20:12,070 --> 00:20:15,590
+of the lens .. at the back surface of the lens The
+
+287
+00:20:15,590 --> 00:20:18,590
+scientists said, then it is excellent, then any
+
+288
+00:20:18,590 --> 00:20:23,280
+object with a plus lensit gives me a negative
+
+289
+00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:26,940
+divergence at the back of the lens I want to
+
+290
+00:20:26,940 --> 00:20:29,660
+remove these two and get used to them by a point
+
+291
+00:20:29,660 --> 00:20:32,100
+.. get used to them by a point .. as if they don't
+
+292
+00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:35,060
+exist .. get used to them by a point on the left
+
+293
+00:20:35,060 --> 00:20:37,660
+with a distance that gives me the same divergence
+
+294
+00:20:37,660 --> 00:20:42,060
+that is here in other words, if I put an object at
+
+295
+00:20:42,060 --> 00:20:43,980
+a distance of 10 cm and it is plus or minus 5 cm,
+
+296
+00:20:44,380 --> 00:20:47,680
+the light at the back of the lens, at this area of
+
+297
+00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:50,280
+​​the gap, will fluctuate to minus 5 cm or more
+
+298
+00:20:50,810 --> 00:20:53,510
+Okay, I don't want this object and I don't want
+
+299
+00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:55,490
+this lens, I want to assume that there is a point
+
+300
+00:20:55,490 --> 00:20:58,370
+in the gap at a distance of 20 cm, at a distance
+
+301
+00:20:58,370 --> 00:21:01,030
+of 20 cm and I remove the object and I remove the
+
+302
+00:21:01,030 --> 00:21:03,050
+lens and I calculate that at this point in the gap
+
+303
+00:21:03,050 --> 00:21:06,430
+there will also be minus 5 degrees Most scientists
+
+304
+00:21:06,430 --> 00:21:08,950
+say that this point which is on the left with 20
+
+305
+00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:13,410
+cm, this point, this point
+
+306
+00:21:19,700 --> 00:21:22,560
+Which is 20 centimeters away from the rear surface
+
+307
+00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:24,820
+of the lens, which is considered the location of
+
+308
+00:21:24,820 --> 00:21:25,700
+the imaginary image
+
+309
+00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:32,320
+We want to emphasize a very important point, let's
+
+310
+00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:36,180
+say as follows This point does not mean to go back
+
+311
+00:21:36,180 --> 00:21:41,640
+and forth, no As if this object and the lens As if
+
+312
+00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:45,780
+.. As if .. As if this object and the lens form a
+
+313
+00:21:45,780 --> 00:21:48,560
+picture here And this picture will be considered
+
+314
+00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:52,360
+the object of the next lens Object of the next
+
+315
+00:21:52,360 --> 00:21:57,490
+lens So the imaginary pictureالصورة التخيلية تكونت
+
+316
+00:21:57,490 --> 00:22:03,450
+على الإشمال أو بدنا نفرض إنها تكونت على الإشمالand
+
+317
+00:22:03,450 --> 00:22:06,810
+it is 20 cm away from the first lens from the
+
+318
+00:22:06,810 --> 00:22:11,330
+first lens now as follows this is the first real
+
+319
+00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:15,430
+body this is the first real body this is the
+
+320
+00:22:15,430 --> 00:22:19,830
+object, this is the first lens drawn in red the
+
+321
+00:22:19,830 --> 00:22:23,770
+first real body is 10 cm away from the lens it
+
+322
+00:22:23,770 --> 00:22:27,350
+formed a picture 20 cm away from the left it did
+
+323
+00:22:27,350 --> 00:22:29,830
+not form a bright light to form the light turned
+
+324
+00:22:29,830 --> 00:22:34,490
+out to be divergentWe talked about this amount a
+
+325
+00:22:34,490 --> 00:22:37,990
+while ago
+
+326
+00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:41,730
+The
+
+327
+00:22:41,730 --> 00:22:43,490
+light came out as a divergent of the amount of
+
+328
+00:22:43,490 --> 00:22:47,890
+minus 5 diopters And this minus 5 diopters means
+
+329
+00:22:47,890 --> 00:22:50,890
+that it will not form a real image We will imagine
+
+330
+00:22:50,890 --> 00:22:55,410
+that it formed an imaginary image on the left at a
+
+331
+00:22:55,410 --> 00:22:58,190
+distance of 20 cm Why left at a distance of 20 cm?
+
+332
+00:22:58,230 --> 00:23:01,610
+Why is it at a distance of 30 or 40 cm?Because at
+
+333
+00:23:01,610 --> 00:23:05,090
+a distance of 20 cm, if the light starts from this
+
+334
+00:23:05,090 --> 00:23:08,670
+point, it will give me at this area of ​​the gap,
+
+335
+00:23:08,710 --> 00:23:13,110
+at this area of ​​the gap, minus 5 diopters So
+
+336
+00:23:13,110 --> 00:23:15,950
+this is the place of the image that is agreed on
+
+337
+00:23:15,950 --> 00:23:18,030
+the assumption of its formation, on the assumption
+
+338
+00:23:18,030 --> 00:23:20,570
+of its formation This image will be considered an
+
+339
+00:23:20,570 --> 00:23:25,300
+object for the next lensThis image which is 20 cm
+
+340
+00:23:25,300 --> 00:23:27,960
+away will be considered as object of the first
+
+341
+00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:31,000
+lens This image of the first lens will be
+
+342
+00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,700
+considered as object of the second lens Ok, the
+
+343
+00:23:34,700 --> 00:23:37,900
+image of the first lens will be considered as
+
+344
+00:23:37,900 --> 00:23:40,560
+object of the second lens How far is it from the
+
+345
+00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:45,500
+second lens? We said that this image is 20 cm away
+
+346
+00:23:45,500 --> 00:23:49,800
+from the first lensوفي مسافة بين العدسة الأولى
+
+347
+00:23:49,800 --> 00:23:53,600
+والتانية خمسة صنطي اذا هذه الصورة تحت العدسة
+
+348
+00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:56,660
+الأولى اللى هى object للعدسة التانية بتبعد عن
+
+349
+00:23:56,660 --> 00:24:01,040
+العدسة التانية مقدار خمسة وعشرين صنطي خمسة زائد
+
+350
+00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:05,680
+عشرين صنطي الان بدنا نتعامل مع كل عدسة على حده
+
+351
+00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:12,150
+بدنا نتعامل مع كل عدسة على حده فبأنصح انا حقيقةI
+
+352
+00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:15,870
+hide the first lens and the first object I hide
+
+353
+00:24:15,870 --> 00:24:20,610
+the first lens and the first object And I come and
+
+354
+00:24:20,610 --> 00:24:25,330
+work as follows Now I have a new problem, a new
+
+355
+00:24:25,330 --> 00:24:28,550
+problem But before I get into this topic, we
+
+356
+00:24:28,550 --> 00:24:32,010
+haven't finished our work with the first lens yet
+
+357
+00:24:32,010 --> 00:24:37,700
+So, the first lens created a picture for meon a
+
+358
+00:24:37,700 --> 00:24:40,840
+distance of 20 centimeters one can say that I'm
+
+359
+00:24:40,840 --> 00:24:44,140
+exaggerating, how can I get the distance? we get
+
+360
+00:24:44,140 --> 00:24:47,880
+the distance in a very simple way very simple, we
+
+361
+00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:52,040
+say as follows the divergence here is 5
+
+362
+00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:54,940
+centimeters I want to work with this problem I
+
+363
+00:24:54,940 --> 00:24:58,180
+want to work with this problem, I work very simply
+
+364
+00:24:58,180 --> 00:25:02,020
+we say U equals
+
+365
+00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:06,640
+minus n over o, I still want to start working with
+
+366
+00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:09,860
+the first lens and it is equal to minus one
+
+367
+00:25:09,860 --> 00:25:12,380
+because the light is divergent over ten
+
+368
+00:25:12,380 --> 00:25:16,380
+centimeters which is one out of ten meters and it
+
+369
+00:25:16,380 --> 00:25:22,100
+is equal to minus ten diopters minus ten diopters
+
+370
+00:25:22,100 --> 00:25:27,860
+I go to the front surface of the lens I say minus
+
+371
+00:25:27,860 --> 00:25:29,300
+ten diopters
+
+372
+00:25:38,850 --> 00:25:43,190
+minus 10 diopter, we took out the u, we take out
+
+373
+00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:53,830
+the v, we say v or u plus p, u plus p equals v,
+
+374
+00:25:55,330 --> 00:26:01,830
+the u minus 10 diopter plus the power 5 diopter
+
+375
+00:26:01,830 --> 00:26:03,070
+equals
+
+376
+00:26:06,610 --> 00:26:15,490
+the power plus 5 is greater than or equal to V, so
+
+377
+00:26:15,490 --> 00:26:25,460
+V is equal to minus 5Vthis is more ok we will take
+
+378
+00:26:25,460 --> 00:26:27,460
+out the place of the picture the picture will not
+
+379
+00:26:27,460 --> 00:26:30,880
+form a picture but we have to imagine that a
+
+380
+00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:32,880
+picture was formed in a place of space so that we
+
+381
+00:26:32,880 --> 00:26:35,660
+can continue with the light that will reach the
+
+382
+00:26:35,660 --> 00:26:40,440
+surface of the other lens we say V is equal to
+
+383
+00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:49,440
+unconditional over I then
+
+384
+00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:49,920
+I
+
+385
+00:26:52,640 --> 00:27:00,900
+I is equal to unconditional over V is equal to
+
+386
+00:27:00,900 --> 00:27:09,800
+unconditional 1 over V minus 5 this is possible 1
+
+387
+00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:14,340
+over minus 5 is minus 2 out of 10 meters
+
+388
+00:27:20,590 --> 00:27:23,850
+means minus 20 centimeters that's how I know minus
+
+389
+00:27:23,850 --> 00:27:28,670
+here is the distance minus 20 minus 20 centimeters
+
+390
+00:27:28,670 --> 00:27:31,250
+or minus 2 out of 10 meters so the distance to the
+
+391
+00:27:31,250 --> 00:27:35,310
+left the distance to the left okay now I want the
+
+392
+00:27:35,310 --> 00:27:37,830
+transfers magnification the transfers
+
+393
+00:27:37,830 --> 00:27:47,370
+magnification U over V which is TM1 equals U over
+
+394
+00:27:47,370 --> 00:27:58,750
+Vand it is equal to minus ten diopters over minus
+
+395
+00:27:58,750 --> 00:28:08,240
+five diopters and it is equal to xminus to minus
+
+396
+00:28:08,240 --> 00:28:12,900
+plus is a regular picture and ten to five is two,
+
+397
+00:28:13,060 --> 00:28:17,640
+which is a diopter with a diopter. So x plus two,
+
+398
+00:28:18,360 --> 00:28:21,060
+which means that the picture is big and regular.
+
+399
+00:28:24,900 --> 00:28:28,740
+The picture is big and regular. We will cancel it
+
+400
+00:28:28,740 --> 00:28:30,360
+here. And at a distance of twenty centimeters to
+
+401
+00:28:30,360 --> 00:28:39,340
+the left, to the left ofومرتين أعلى من ال object
+
+402
+00:28:39,340 --> 00:28:43,380
+مرتين أعلى من ال object حقيقة الصورة
+
+403
+00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:53,860
+The imaginary picture is preferred to .. or I like
+
+404
+00:28:53,860 --> 00:28:57,620
+to write it in a shortened form to indicate that
+
+405
+00:28:57,620 --> 00:28:59,340
+it is an imaginary picture, not a composite
+
+406
+00:28:59,340 --> 00:29:01,400
+picture, not a composite picture That's how we
+
+407
+00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:04,120
+finish our work with the first part of the problem
+
+408
+00:29:04,120 --> 00:29:06,800
+We say as follows now to work with the second
+
+409
+00:29:06,800 --> 00:29:10,710
+part, the second part of the problemHere I have
+
+410
+00:29:10,710 --> 00:29:13,590
+the first picture, which is 20 cm away from the
+
+411
+00:29:13,590 --> 00:29:16,190
+left of the first lens The first picture is the
+
+412
+00:29:16,190 --> 00:29:19,390
+body of the second lens, I must deal with each
+
+413
+00:29:19,390 --> 00:29:26,990
+lens one by one I must cancel the first lens or
+
+414
+00:29:26,990 --> 00:29:29,570
+its coverage, it and the first body in its final
+
+415
+00:29:29,570 --> 00:29:38,300
+form In its final form and thereforeI complete my
+
+416
+00:29:38,300 --> 00:29:41,040
+solution in a very comfortable way .. in a very
+
+417
+00:29:41,040 --> 00:29:43,840
+comfortable way This is the body of the second
+
+418
+00:29:43,840 --> 00:29:49,500
+lens which is 25 cm away from it I use the pieces
+
+419
+00:29:49,500 --> 00:29:54,680
+of A4 paper to see the answer U because it deals
+
+420
+00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:58,940
+with the second lens, its body is 25 cm away from
+
+421
+00:29:58,940 --> 00:30:08,150
+it minus N over O equals minus 1 over25 cm which
+
+422
+00:30:08,150 --> 00:30:10,130
+is a quarter of a meter always the measurements
+
+423
+00:30:10,130 --> 00:30:16,890
+are in meters and it is equal to minus 4 diopters
+
+424
+00:30:16,890 --> 00:30:21,850
+minus 4 diopters then I put minus 4 which means
+
+425
+00:30:21,850 --> 00:30:24,450
+the light will reach by oscillation minus 4
+
+426
+00:30:24,450 --> 00:30:28,970
+diopters minus 4 diopters on the front surface of
+
+427
+00:30:28,970 --> 00:30:33,550
+the lens which is its force plus 6 diopters plus 6
+
+428
+00:30:33,550 --> 00:30:37,560
+diopters we write the force of the lensAs my
+
+429
+00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:40,940
+example shows plus 6 diopters
+
+430
+00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:22,840
+Okay, the light reached the magnitude of minus
+
+431
+00:31:22,840 --> 00:31:25,880
+four diopters and the strength of the lens
+
+432
+00:31:25,880 --> 00:31:31,740
+strength of the lens plus six diopters Either
+
+433
+00:31:31,740 --> 00:31:34,740
+you will succeed in collecting this light, we say
+
+434
+00:31:34,740 --> 00:31:36,620
+that it will start from its strength plus four
+
+435
+00:31:36,620 --> 00:31:43,180
+diopters U plus the power equals V U which is
+
+436
+00:31:43,180 --> 00:31:47,040
+minus four diopters and the power plus six
+
+437
+00:31:47,040 --> 00:31:55,850
+dioptersis equal to V, so V is equal to plus two
+
+438
+00:31:55,850 --> 00:31:59,510
+diopter plus two diopter means that the rays are
+
+439
+00:31:59,510 --> 00:32:01,410
+collected, the rays are collected because it will
+
+440
+00:32:01,410 --> 00:32:05,250
+form a real picture on the right of the lens, so
+
+441
+00:32:05,250 --> 00:32:10,830
+plus two diopter the light reached four times and
+
+442
+00:32:10,830 --> 00:32:15,460
+went out collecting its amount of two, soنشوف
+
+443
+00:32:15,460 --> 00:32:20,060
+الصورة أولا هتتكوّم، نقول V تساوي Uncharted على I
+
+444
+00:32:20,060 --> 00:32:25,820
+إذا
+
+445
+00:32:25,820 --> 00:32:33,500
+I تساوي Uncharted على V ويساوي
+
+446
+00:32:33,500 --> 00:32:41,260
+1 Uncharted في الهواء على V plus 2 ديوبتر ويساوي 1
+
+447
+00:32:41,260 --> 00:32:46,280
+على 2 إذا plus نصand the diopter which is 1 minus
+
+448
+00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:49,920
+1 when it comes out becomes 1 meter so the picture
+
+449
+00:32:49,920 --> 00:32:53,320
+will be half a meter away on the right of the lens
+
+450
+00:32:53,320 --> 00:32:57,900
+on the right of the lens we want to see the total
+
+451
+00:32:57,900 --> 00:33:01,140
+transphase magnification so half a meter away on
+
+452
+00:33:01,140 --> 00:33:06,280
+the right of the lens half
+
+453
+00:33:06,280 --> 00:33:13,390
+a meter away which is 50 centimeterson a distance
+
+454
+00:33:13,390 --> 00:33:15,030
+of fifty centimeters, but let's see the
+
+455
+00:33:15,030 --> 00:33:17,030
+magnification of the lens, let's see the
+
+456
+00:33:17,030 --> 00:33:24,530
+magnification of the lens, we say of
+
+457
+00:33:24,530 --> 00:33:27,570
+course a real picture, why? Because the rays are
+
+458
+00:33:27,570 --> 00:33:29,750
+collected, the rays are collected
+
+459
+00:33:41,350 --> 00:33:44,430
+we say transference magnification number 2 is
+
+460
+00:33:44,430 --> 00:33:48,310
+equal to
+
+461
+00:33:48,310 --> 00:33:55,810
+T M 2 T
+
+462
+00:33:55,810 --> 00:34:02,030
+M 2 is equal to U over V U minus 4 diopter over V
+
+463
+00:34:02,030 --> 00:34:07,570
+plus 2 diopter so minus 4 diopter
+
+464
+00:34:10,110 --> 00:34:17,330
+minus 4 diopter by plus 2 diopter which is equal
+
+465
+00:34:17,330 --> 00:34:24,050
+to x minus by plus minus and 4 by 2 is equal to 2
+
+466
+00:34:24,050 --> 00:34:29,590
+and the diopter with the doipter goes away so the
+
+467
+00:34:29,590 --> 00:34:37,910
+final picture is bigger than its body by twice
+
+468
+00:34:39,250 --> 00:34:45,370
+Bimقدار مرتين طب بنا نحسب ال TM total ال TM total
+
+469
+00:34:45,370 --> 00:34:52,630
+اللي هو TM one في TM two ال total TM
+
+470
+00:34:52,630 --> 00:35:07,270
+يساوي TM one ضرب TM two ويساق TM two اذا يساوي
+
+471
+00:35:13,090 --> 00:35:17,490
+tm1 we go back to the previous slide, tm1 plus 2
+
+472
+00:35:17,490 --> 00:35:27,310
+and tm2 minus 2 plus 2
+
+473
+00:35:27,310 --> 00:35:39,880
+times minus 2 which is equal to x minus 4x-4 which
+
+474
+00:35:39,880 --> 00:35:42,880
+is the total transference magnification what does
+
+475
+00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:44,840
+total transference magnification mean?
+
+476
+00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:55,540
+it means that the
+
+477
+00:35:55,540 --> 00:35:58,120
+final magnification of the final image for the
+
+478
+00:35:58,120 --> 00:36:03,260
+first body for the first body is considered now
+
+479
+00:36:03,260 --> 00:36:10,230
+I'm going to remove this put it asideThis is my
+
+480
+00:36:10,230 --> 00:36:14,750
+final view, this is the first body, this is the
+
+481
+00:36:14,750 --> 00:36:17,970
+picture of it, of the first lens, this is the
+
+482
+00:36:17,970 --> 00:36:20,330
+second body, and this is the final picture The
+
+483
+00:36:20,330 --> 00:36:24,110
+final picture is twice as big as its body, and it
+
+484
+00:36:24,110 --> 00:36:28,140
+is upside down for itهاي أكبر مرتين من الجسم
+
+485
+00:36:28,140 --> 00:36:31,540
+بتاعها و الجسم بتاعها اللي هو الصورة الأولى أكبر
+
+486
+00:36:31,540 --> 00:36:35,640
+مرتين من الجسم بتاعه فبالتالي تنين فتنين بقى أربع
+
+487
+00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:39,200
+و الصورة النهائية مجلوة الصورة النهائية مجلوة هاي
+
+488
+00:36:39,200 --> 00:36:43,540
+قضية .. هاي قضية اللي هو ال virtual image ال
+
+489
+00:36:43,540 --> 00:36:46,420
+virtual image و هنا زي ما قلنا احنا ال virtual
+
+490
+00:36:46,420 --> 00:36:52,010
+image بنحب أنه يكون لها ..It should be in a
+
+491
+00:36:52,010 --> 00:36:54,570
+simplified form, so that it does not confuse
+
+492
+00:36:54,570 --> 00:36:58,710
+people that this is a picture. This will not
+
+493
+00:36:58,710 --> 00:37:09,070
+happen. Light will follow exactly the way that we
+
+494
+00:37:09,070 --> 00:37:13,650
+will see in the simulation to end this case. We
+
+495
+00:37:13,650 --> 00:37:18,610
+say that light will come with divergenceIt will
+
+496
+00:37:18,610 --> 00:37:20,750
+reduce divergence with it, but it will be
+
+497
+00:37:20,750 --> 00:37:24,350
+divergent, another lens will come and collect it
+
+498
+00:37:24,350 --> 00:37:26,810
+and form a real image. This is the path of light.
+
+499
+00:37:26,910 --> 00:37:29,270
+Light does not come back and forth to form a
+
+500
+00:37:29,270 --> 00:37:33,590
+virtual image. Virtual image is an idea to
+
+501
+00:37:33,590 --> 00:37:35,830
+facilitate imagination, to facilitate. We talked
+
+502
+00:37:35,830 --> 00:37:38,690
+about virtual image. This light, which is drawn in
+
+503
+00:37:38,690 --> 00:37:41,650
+white color, will continue its way in white color.
+
+504
+00:37:42,070 --> 00:37:47,570
+These green lines, but we will say as if a picture
+
+505
+00:37:47,570 --> 00:37:50,290
+was formed here.So why are we forced to do this?
+
+506
+00:37:50,730 --> 00:37:53,710
+Because we have a rule that we can't ignore which
+
+507
+00:37:53,710 --> 00:37:57,610
+is dealing with each lens one by one What does it
+
+508
+00:37:57,610 --> 00:37:59,270
+mean dealing with each lens one by one? It means
+
+509
+00:37:59,270 --> 00:38:02,890
+that in order to deal with lens number two you
+
+510
+00:38:02,890 --> 00:38:06,570
+have to bring the object of lens number two Okay,
+
+511
+00:38:06,650 --> 00:38:10,670
+the object of lens number two is the image of lens
+
+512
+00:38:10,670 --> 00:38:13,270
+number one Okay, lens number one did not form an
+
+513
+00:38:13,270 --> 00:38:16,630
+image We say okay, suppose it formed an image in
+
+514
+00:38:16,630 --> 00:38:20,310
+spaceOkay, let's assume. Okay, where is this
+
+515
+00:38:20,310 --> 00:38:21,870
+assumption? I mean, where is the place of this
+
+516
+00:38:21,870 --> 00:38:25,210
+picture that we imagined? Imagine. We say that the
+
+517
+00:38:25,210 --> 00:38:30,070
+picture is exactly in the place that gives me the
+
+518
+00:38:30,070 --> 00:38:32,490
+emergence of the light. It gives me the emergence
+
+519
+00:38:32,490 --> 00:38:35,130
+of the light and a fluctuating state of light. It
+
+520
+00:38:35,130 --> 00:38:37,450
+is exactly similar to the fluctuating state of
+
+521
+00:38:37,450 --> 00:38:39,890
+light at the source of the first lens that could
+
+522
+00:38:39,890 --> 00:38:42,170
+not form a picture. Okay, how do I calculate it?
+
+523
+00:38:42,850 --> 00:38:45,090
+We say that V is equal to unconditional over I.
+
+524
+00:38:45,470 --> 00:38:49,230
+then I is unconditional over V and I will
+
+525
+00:38:49,230 --> 00:38:52,590
+sometimes appear as minus on the left of the lens,
+
+526
+00:38:52,770 --> 00:38:57,870
+so the problem will be very easy, very easy, not
+
+527
+00:38:57,870 --> 00:39:01,970
+just a warning, not just a warning or to warn
+
+528
+00:39:01,970 --> 00:39:05,430
+where the picture is formed, where the picture is
+
+529
+00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:08,270
+formed, we say as follows How did we know that the
+
+530
+00:39:08,270 --> 00:39:12,490
+imaginary picture is here? V is unconditional over
+
+531
+00:39:12,490 --> 00:39:16,890
+I, then I is unconditional over V1 over minus 5
+
+532
+00:39:16,890 --> 00:39:19,690
+diopter which is V which is minus 2 out of 10
+
+533
+00:39:19,690 --> 00:39:24,070
+meters. Okay, if here I have V minus 4 diopter, I
+
+534
+00:39:24,070 --> 00:39:26,190
+will divide by minus 4 diopter and I will get
+
+535
+00:39:26,190 --> 00:39:30,090
+minus quarter meter which is minus 25 centimeters.
+
+536
+00:39:30,410 --> 00:39:32,710
+So I apply the rule V is equal to I
+
+537
+00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:35,230
+unconditionally over I, so I is equal to V
+
+538
+00:39:35,230 --> 00:39:36,410
+unconditionally over I, whether the picture is
+
+539
+00:39:36,410 --> 00:39:40,390
+real or imaginary So we will stop at this point
+
+540
+00:39:40,390 --> 00:39:41,990
+and we will take examples, God willing, in the
+
+541
+00:39:41,990 --> 00:39:44,650
+exercises to clarify the issue of the imaginary
+
+542
+00:39:44,650 --> 00:39:49,510
+picture and we will stop at .. at .. that objects
+
+543
+00:39:49,510 --> 00:39:53,170
+can .. the object itself can be virtual as the
+
+544
+00:39:53,170 --> 00:39:56,570
+picture we took today can be virtual and give you
+
+545
+00:39:56,570 --> 00:39:59,490
+wellness and peace, mercy and blessings of God
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/Q0jwlQFH1sU_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2268 @@
+1
+00:00:01,470 --> 00:00:04,770
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنبدأ في حل النسخة الأولى
+
+2
+00:00:04,770 --> 00:00:08,650
+من الاختبار النسخة، النسخة الأولى، السؤال أول،
+
+3
+00:00:08,650 --> 00:00:11,270
+light rays coming from real objects have negative
+
+4
+00:00:11,270 --> 00:00:13,870
+versions؟ هذا كلام صحيح، إذا الإجابة صح
+
+5
+00:00:17,570 --> 00:00:20,690
+How much is the divergence of light coming from a
+
+6
+00:00:20,690 --> 00:00:24,350
+candle after two meters of propagation of air? I
+
+7
+00:00:24,350 --> 00:00:27,570
+have two words, distance which is two meters and
+
+8
+00:00:27,570 --> 00:00:32,350
+candle which is a real object, so the rail will
+
+9
+00:00:32,350 --> 00:00:35,310
+diverge from it, so every plus is an exception,
+
+10
+00:00:35,890 --> 00:00:39,330
+plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus
+
+11
+00:00:39,330 --> 00:00:39,870
+five, plus six, plus seven, plus eight, plus nine,
+
+12
+00:00:39,870 --> 00:00:40,190
+plus ten, plus eleven, plus twelve, plus thirteen,
+
+13
+00:00:40,190 --> 00:00:40,210
+eighteen, plus eighteen, plus eighteen, plus
+
+14
+00:00:40,210 --> 00:00:40,230
+eighteen, plus eighteen, plus eighteen, plus
+
+15
+00:00:40,230 --> 00:00:42,540
+eighteen, plus eighteen,طيب ال divergence مقلوب
+
+16
+00:00:42,540 --> 00:00:47,820
+المسافة واحد على اتنين متر .. واحد على اتنين بيصير
+
+17
+00:00:47,820 --> 00:00:52,000
+نص و متر لما بطلع بيصير متر اصلا minus واحد يعني
+
+18
+00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:54,920
+ضايب تر يعني minus نص ضايب تر ال minus عشانه
+
+19
+00:00:54,920 --> 00:01:00,820
+divergence إذا الإجابة minus نص ضايب تر السؤال
+
+20
+00:01:00,820 --> 00:01:01,360
+اللي بعده
+
+21
+00:01:04,440 --> 00:01:08,840
+سؤال سهل جدا ال image ارتفاع ال image اربعين صنطي
+
+22
+00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:12,620
+تحت ال optical axis تحت ال optical axis اذا ال
+
+23
+00:01:12,620 --> 00:01:16,500
+image بتمتد او ارتفاعها تحت ال optical axis اربعين
+
+24
+00:01:16,500 --> 00:01:20,820
+صنطي ال transfers magnification minus نص minus
+
+25
+00:01:20,820 --> 00:01:23,560
+يعني هي مجلوبة الصورة نفسها مجلوبة ايه بما انها
+
+26
+00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:26,360
+تحت ال optical axis معناته ال object above the
+
+27
+00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:29,840
+optical axis اذا كلمة below و belowها دي هدول
+
+28
+00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:34,070
+إجابة الأولى و الرابعةnot flowers, because as long
+
+29
+00:01:34,070 --> 00:01:37,090
+as the image is down, the object is up, why?
+
+30
+00:01:37,170 --> 00:01:39,210
+because the transfer is magnification with minus,
+
+31
+00:01:39,310 --> 00:01:41,650
+so the image is upside down and its position is
+
+32
+00:01:41,650 --> 00:01:45,490
+upside down with respect to the object and its
+
+33
+00:01:45,490 --> 00:01:48,110
+height is half the height of the object, but if
+
+34
+00:01:48,110 --> 00:01:52,170
+its height is 40 cm, then the object is 80 cm, so
+
+35
+00:01:52,170 --> 00:01:59,720
+80 cm above the optical axis next questionAn
+
+36
+00:01:59,720 --> 00:02:02,560
+object stands to the left of a single reflecting
+
+37
+00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:05,860
+surface with a radius of curvature R, the image
+
+38
+00:02:05,860 --> 00:02:08,100
+distance is mid-centimeter and the transverse
+
+39
+00:02:08,100 --> 00:02:12,240
+magnification is minus two. Find the object
+
+40
+00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:14,340
+distance and the radius of curvature.
+
+41
+00:02:23,640 --> 00:02:27,400
+وعندي image معلومة المسافة ال image معلومة المسافة
+
+42
+00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:31,680
+ال image على بعد 100
+
+43
+00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:37,400
+cm يعني واحد متر 100 cm تمام and the image
+
+44
+00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:41,980
+distance is 100 cm لtransfiguration magnification
+
+45
+00:02:41,980 --> 00:02:48,500
+minus 2 بنقول هذه المسافة عبارة عن واحد متر اللي
+
+46
+00:02:48,500 --> 00:02:51,420
+هى 100 عفوان 100
+
+47
+00:02:53,390 --> 00:02:57,990
+100 cm The
+
+48
+00:02:57,990 --> 00:03:00,790
+distance between the image and the surface of the
+
+49
+00:03:00,790 --> 00:03:04,270
+refracting surface is 100 cm We want to see what
+
+50
+00:03:04,270 --> 00:03:10,410
+is the object distance Transverse magnification
+
+51
+00:03:10,410 --> 00:03:13,270
+equals image distance
+
+52
+00:03:22,310 --> 00:03:29,590
+on object distance I
+
+53
+00:03:29,590 --> 00:03:38,530
+want object distance to be
+
+54
+00:03:38,530 --> 00:03:44,890
+equal to transference magnification to be equal
+
+55
+00:03:44,890 --> 00:03:48,470
+to image distance to transference magnification
+
+56
+00:03:56,370 --> 00:04:03,970
+and it's equal to image distance 1 meter over
+
+57
+00:04:03,970 --> 00:04:08,730
+transference magnification minus 2 and it's equal
+
+58
+00:04:08,730 --> 00:04:15,350
+to 1 over minus 2 which is minus half and the
+
+59
+00:04:15,350 --> 00:04:20,370
+meter is simply the same so the object is at minus
+
+60
+00:04:20,370 --> 00:04:26,660
+half meter the object is at minus half meter50 cm
+
+61
+00:04:26,660 --> 00:04:29,860
+to the left, the word minus means 50 cm to the
+
+62
+00:04:29,860 --> 00:04:37,140
+left, 50 cm to the left if
+
+63
+00:04:37,140 --> 00:04:39,480
+the object distance is minus half a meter, which
+
+64
+00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:42,340
+means 50 cm to the left, now we want to get the
+
+65
+00:04:42,340 --> 00:04:45,380
+radius of curvature, it is known that all the
+
+66
+00:04:45,380 --> 00:04:50,020
+problems in this exam, the n condition is one and
+
+67
+00:04:50,020 --> 00:04:53,720
+a half and the n is one, okay, we say negative n
+
+68
+00:04:53,720 --> 00:05:02,210
+to oplus the power which is unconditional minus n
+
+69
+00:05:02,210 --> 00:05:14,410
+over r equals unconditional over i minus
+
+70
+00:05:14,410 --> 00:05:21,790
+one over half
+
+71
+00:05:21,790 --> 00:05:22,130
+a meter
+
+72
+00:05:27,220 --> 00:05:35,740
+plus one and a half minus one over the unknown r
+
+73
+00:05:35,740 --> 00:05:42,620
+equals minus one over I minus one and a half over
+
+74
+00:05:42,620 --> 00:05:47,980
+I which is one meter minus
+
+75
+00:05:47,980 --> 00:05:51,600
+one over half is equal to minus two and the meter
+
+76
+00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:53,320
+in the place that comes out becomes the diopter
+
+77
+00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:57,310
+which is minus one plusone and a half minus one
+
+78
+00:05:57,310 --> 00:06:04,030
+remains as half over R unknown equals one and a
+
+79
+00:06:04,030 --> 00:06:07,590
+half over one which is one and a half and the
+
+80
+00:06:07,590 --> 00:06:15,370
+meter in the place appears as a diode half over R
+
+81
+00:06:15,370 --> 00:06:17,730
+equals
+
+82
+00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:21,840
+when I move minus two diopters to the other side
+
+83
+00:06:21,840 --> 00:06:25,640
+it becomes plus two diopters plus two diopters and
+
+84
+00:06:25,640 --> 00:06:27,680
+if I have one and a half diopters it means three
+
+85
+00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:34,620
+and a half diopters so
+
+86
+00:06:34,620 --> 00:06:37,540
+half over r is equal to three and a half diopters
+
+87
+00:06:37,540 --> 00:06:43,820
+so r I change it to three and a half r is equal to
+
+88
+00:06:43,820 --> 00:06:48,760
+half
+
+89
+00:06:51,670 --> 00:06:57,110
+on three and a half diopters if you want to know
+
+90
+00:06:57,110 --> 00:07:07,210
+how much it equals, go to the calculator say
+
+91
+00:07:07,210 --> 00:07:11,810
+half divided
+
+92
+00:07:11,810 --> 00:07:17,110
+by three and a half equals
+
+93
+00:07:19,190 --> 00:07:21,690
+one hundred or one thousand four hundred and
+
+94
+00:07:21,690 --> 00:07:24,310
+twenty-eight one thousand four hundred and twenty
+
+95
+00:07:24,310 --> 00:07:27,770
+-eight or let's use the nearest three numbers
+
+96
+00:07:27,770 --> 00:07:30,070
+twenty one hundred and forty-two thousand meters
+
+97
+00:07:30,070 --> 00:07:33,870
+one hundred and forty-two thousand meters one
+
+98
+00:07:33,870 --> 00:07:38,530
+hundred and forty-two thousand meters the diopter
+
+99
+00:07:38,530 --> 00:07:40,410
+in the building when it goes up becomes a meter
+
+100
+00:07:40,410 --> 00:07:45,650
+then it equals fourteen centimeters and two tenths
+
+101
+00:07:45,650 --> 00:07:48,090
+fourteen centimeters and two tenths
+
+102
+00:07:54,960 --> 00:08:02,280
+so r is 14.2 cm and the object is about minus half
+
+103
+00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:05,480
+a meter or half a meter on the left this is the
+
+104
+00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:09,820
+answer to the question let's see from among the
+
+105
+00:08:09,820 --> 00:08:15,340
+answers object
+
+106
+00:08:15,340 --> 00:08:24,380
+is half a meterThe radius is 14.2 cm You
+
+107
+00:08:24,380 --> 00:08:31,800
+can ask me why I put 1 meter and read 12.4 cm
+
+108
+00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:36,860
+instead of 14.2 cm So the correct answer is number
+
+109
+00:08:36,860 --> 00:08:41,520
+2 here
+
+110
+00:08:44,190 --> 00:08:46,610
+we have another question object is one meter to
+
+111
+00:08:46,610 --> 00:08:50,890
+the left of spherical refracting surface radius is
+
+112
+00:08:50,890 --> 00:08:54,230
+two out of ten meters where is damage and what is
+
+113
+00:08:54,230 --> 00:08:57,230
+the transverse magnification? there are drawings
+
+114
+00:08:57,230 --> 00:09:02,510
+that explain this issue radius is two out of ten
+
+115
+00:09:02,510 --> 00:09:07,970
+meters radius is two out of ten meters and the
+
+116
+00:09:07,970 --> 00:09:10,170
+object is one meter away and the object is one
+
+117
+00:09:10,170 --> 00:09:14,920
+meter awaythere is a drawing that I drew with this
+
+118
+00:09:14,920 --> 00:09:20,120
+meaning this is the object at a distance of one
+
+119
+00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:23,080
+meter and the radius is two tenths of a meter to
+
+120
+00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:26,780
+get the image we say minus n over o plus
+
+121
+00:09:26,780 --> 00:09:29,460
+unconditional minus n over r equals unconditional
+
+122
+00:09:29,460 --> 00:09:33,300
+over i minus one over o which is one meter plus
+
+123
+00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:36,080
+one and a half minus one we said unconditional in
+
+124
+00:09:36,080 --> 00:09:39,100
+every subject of the exam one and a half and n one
+
+125
+00:09:39,470 --> 00:09:42,270
+one and a half minus one over the radius which is
+
+126
+00:09:42,270 --> 00:09:44,410
+two out of ten meters is equal to one and a half
+
+127
+00:09:44,410 --> 00:09:47,750
+over I here minus one over one is equal to minus
+
+128
+00:09:47,750 --> 00:09:50,090
+one and the meter when it comes out becomes a
+
+129
+00:09:50,090 --> 00:09:54,130
+diopter plus one and a half minus one remains
+
+130
+00:09:54,130 --> 00:09:56,610
+half, the half when I divide by two out of ten
+
+131
+00:09:56,610 --> 00:09:59,490
+meters comes out two and a half diopter is equal
+
+132
+00:09:59,490 --> 00:10:04,480
+to one and a half over Iminus diopter plus two and
+
+133
+00:10:04,480 --> 00:10:06,480
+a half diopter gives me plus one and a half
+
+134
+00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:10,400
+diopter equals one and a half over I so I change
+
+135
+00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:13,420
+the place of one and a half diopter and one and a
+
+136
+00:10:13,420 --> 00:10:15,700
+half diopter changes the place of I so I equals
+
+137
+00:10:15,700 --> 00:10:19,040
+one and a half over plus one and a half diopter
+
+138
+00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:21,980
+one and a half over one and a half of course plus
+
+139
+00:10:21,980 --> 00:10:25,320
+on plus equals plus one and a half on one and a
+
+140
+00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:30,150
+half oneوالديوبتر لما بيطلع من المقام بيصير واحد
+
+141
+00:10:30,150 --> 00:10:35,350
+متر اذا الصورة على بعد واحد متر
+
+142
+00:10:35,350 --> 00:10:39,350
+ال transfer is magnificationit's supposed to be
+
+143
+00:10:39,350 --> 00:10:42,730
+one it's supposed to be minus one, excuse me minus
+
+144
+00:10:42,730 --> 00:10:46,890
+one so it should be one meter to the right of
+
+145
+00:10:46,890 --> 00:10:50,310
+refracting service and TM is equal to minus one
+
+146
+00:10:50,310 --> 00:10:54,250
+this is the correct answer why minus one? we say
+
+147
+00:10:54,250 --> 00:10:59,110
+as follows the body let's solve it with a better
+
+148
+00:10:59,110 --> 00:11:03,670
+book we
+
+149
+00:11:03,670 --> 00:11:07,530
+say TM is equal toimage distance over object
+
+150
+00:11:07,530 --> 00:11:12,710
+distance image distance plus one meter plus one
+
+151
+00:11:12,710 --> 00:11:18,010
+meter over the object distance minus one meter and
+
+152
+00:11:18,010 --> 00:11:23,810
+it equals x plus minus minus and one by one
+
+153
+00:11:23,810 --> 00:11:27,890
+remains one and meter by meter goes to x minus one
+
+154
+00:11:27,890 --> 00:11:30,690
+so the image is one meter away and the
+
+155
+00:11:30,690 --> 00:11:32,850
+magnification is minus one magnification is minus
+
+156
+00:11:32,850 --> 00:11:37,560
+one move on to the next questionThe critical angle
+
+157
+00:11:37,560 --> 00:11:42,160
+is, is the angle of incidence that gives an angle
+
+158
+00:11:42,160 --> 00:11:45,380
+of transmission which equals 90.
+
+159
+00:11:59,890 --> 00:12:03,950
+Okay, an optical system consisting of seven lenses
+
+160
+00:12:03,950 --> 00:12:08,310
+has how many degrees of freedom? كل لنز تلاتة، كل
+
+161
+00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:11,210
+لنز تلاتة، سطحة الأمامي و سطحة الخلفي و السمك
+
+162
+00:12:11,210 --> 00:12:15,290
+بتاعها، هدول بقدر أتحكم فيهم و أغيرهم طالما كل لنز
+
+163
+00:12:15,290 --> 00:12:19,560
+تلاتة، عندي سبعة لنز في تلاتة بواحد وعشرين7 lenses
+
+164
+00:12:19,560 --> 00:12:22,760
+have 21 degrees of freedom and I also have 6
+
+165
+00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:24,720
+degrees of freedom which are the distances between
+
+166
+00:12:24,720 --> 00:12:27,100
+the 7 lenses distance between the first lens and
+
+167
+00:12:27,100 --> 00:12:29,820
+the second lens I can control between the second
+
+168
+00:12:29,820 --> 00:12:31,120
+lens and the third lens between the third lens I
+
+169
+00:12:31,120 --> 00:12:34,760
+have 6 distances between the 7 lenses so I have 21
+
+170
+00:12:34,760 --> 00:12:39,620
+and I have 6 which means 27 is the correct answer
+
+171
+00:12:39,620 --> 00:12:42,660
+okay
+
+172
+00:12:45,350 --> 00:12:48,270
+for light travelling from a medium with lower
+
+173
+00:12:48,270 --> 00:12:51,850
+refractive index زي الهوى to a medium with higher
+
+174
+00:12:51,850 --> 00:12:56,230
+refractive index زي الميقى which is true فلنقرأ
+
+175
+00:12:56,230 --> 00:13:00,560
+the refracted ray gets fartherfrom the service
+
+176
+00:13:00,560 --> 00:13:01,000
+normal.
+
+177
+00:13:04,600 --> 00:13:11,080
+The transmitted ray does not change its direction
+
+178
+00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:17,560
+if the angle of incidence is equal to zero.Theta T
+
+179
+00:13:17,560 --> 00:13:20,060
+is greater than Theta I. No, when we move from air
+
+180
+00:13:20,060 --> 00:13:23,180
+to water, or from air to glass, or from medium to
+
+181
+00:13:23,180 --> 00:13:26,420
+less medium to higher medium, theta I is greater
+
+182
+00:13:26,420 --> 00:13:29,620
+than theta T Of course, not all choices are wrong,
+
+183
+00:13:29,680 --> 00:13:33,700
+because this choice is correct When the angle of
+
+184
+00:13:33,700 --> 00:13:39,400
+incidence is equal to zero, it does not change its
+
+185
+00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:39,940
+direction
+
+186
+00:13:43,450 --> 00:13:45,670
+What is the refractive power of a spherical
+
+187
+00:13:45,670 --> 00:13:48,490
+surface of a glass rod if the object was half a
+
+188
+00:13:48,490 --> 00:13:52,050
+meter distance to the left of the surface and the
+
+189
+00:13:52,050 --> 00:13:55,150
+image formed one meter right to the surface?
+
+190
+00:14:16,320 --> 00:14:21,580
+Okay, this is the drawing. We say... What is
+
+191
+00:14:21,580 --> 00:14:27,000
+required? We want refractive power of spherical
+
+192
+00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:27,660
+surface.
+
+193
+00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:37,220
+We say as follows...
+
+194
+00:14:37,220 --> 00:14:40,740
+All
+
+195
+00:14:40,740 --> 00:14:41,840
+these words will be cancelled.
+
+196
+00:14:45,190 --> 00:14:47,890
+let's say I have an object half a meter away from
+
+197
+00:14:47,890 --> 00:14:52,310
+me on
+
+198
+00:14:52,310 --> 00:14:56,270
+the
+
+199
+00:14:56,270 --> 00:15:00,350
+left of the refracting surface and we want to get
+
+200
+00:15:00,350 --> 00:15:02,590
+the refractive power we want to get the refractive
+
+201
+00:15:02,590 --> 00:15:07,390
+power first
+
+202
+00:15:07,390 --> 00:15:12,890
+thing we want to get the R of course let's say
+
+203
+00:15:12,890 --> 00:15:14,130
+negative N over O
+
+204
+00:15:21,660 --> 00:15:29,360
+plus n condition minus
+
+205
+00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:39,280
+n over r equals n condition over i minus
+
+206
+00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:47,840
+one over half meter plus
+
+207
+00:15:47,840 --> 00:16:01,930
+one and a half-1 over R unknown which is 1.5 over
+
+208
+00:16:01,930 --> 00:16:08,430
+I which is 1 meter minus 1 over half which is
+
+209
+00:16:08,430 --> 00:16:16,130
+minus 2 diopter plus half which is 1.5 minus 1
+
+210
+00:16:16,130 --> 00:16:23,540
+which is half over R which is unknown1.5x1.5x1.5x1
+
+211
+00:16:23,540 --> 00:16:28,400
+.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1
+
+212
+00:16:28,400 --> 00:16:29,880
+.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1
+
+213
+00:16:29,880 --> 00:16:30,480
+.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1.5x1
+
+214
+00:16:30,480 --> 00:16:38,160
+.5x1.5x1
+
+215
+00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:47,140
+.5x1.5x1.5xplus two diopters and one and a half
+
+216
+00:16:47,140 --> 00:16:49,300
+diopters which is three and a half diopters three
+
+217
+00:16:49,300 --> 00:16:58,920
+and a half diopters then R is equal
+
+218
+00:16:58,920 --> 00:17:04,020
+to half
+
+219
+00:17:04,020 --> 00:17:10,280
+divided by three and a half diopters
+
+220
+00:17:14,540 --> 00:17:19,120
+but make sure that the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+221
+00:17:19,120 --> 00:17:19,220
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+222
+00:17:19,220 --> 00:17:19,300
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+223
+00:17:19,300 --> 00:17:20,280
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+224
+00:17:20,280 --> 00:17:21,420
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+225
+00:17:21,420 --> 00:17:21,940
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+226
+00:17:21,940 --> 00:17:22,360
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+227
+00:17:22,360 --> 00:17:26,540
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the .. the
+
+228
+00:17:26,540 --> 00:17:32,460
+.. the .. the .. the .. the .. the ..
+
+229
+00:17:32,460 --> 00:17:35,180
+the .. the ..
+
+230
+00:17:48,040 --> 00:17:50,720
+fourteen or one hundred and forty two thousand
+
+231
+00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:51,200
+meters.
+
+232
+00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:57,540
+I still haven't got the power. Now I'm going to
+
+233
+00:17:57,540 --> 00:18:01,020
+get the power. The power of the refracting service
+
+234
+00:18:01,020 --> 00:18:09,700
+is equal to N minus N divided by R.
+
+235
+00:18:16,570 --> 00:18:30,250
+It is equal to 1.5 minus 1 over R which is 142 out
+
+236
+00:18:30,250 --> 00:18:35,390
+of 1000 It
+
+237
+00:18:35,390 --> 00:18:39,070
+is equal to
+
+238
+00:18:39,070 --> 00:18:51,020
+1.5 minus 1 which is half to 142.000 and it equals
+
+239
+00:18:51,020 --> 00:18:58,220
+142
+
+240
+00:18:58,220 --> 00:19:02,820
+.000 meters from the meter because when it comes
+
+241
+00:19:02,820 --> 00:19:08,420
+out, it becomes a power diopter Let's
+
+242
+00:19:08,420 --> 00:19:12,140
+go to the calculator to divide half by 142.000
+
+243
+00:19:16,390 --> 00:19:20,550
+one and a half divided
+
+244
+00:19:20,550 --> 00:19:28,030
+by one hundred and forty two thousand is equal to
+
+245
+00:19:28,030 --> 00:19:30,350
+three and a half diopters three and a half
+
+246
+00:19:30,350 --> 00:19:36,890
+diopters approximately let's see the answers three
+
+247
+00:19:36,890 --> 00:19:40,710
+and
+
+248
+00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:43,840
+a half dioptersThe closest answer is three and a
+
+249
+00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:48,740
+half diopters As we got the meaning here The
+
+250
+00:19:48,740 --> 00:19:51,240
+closest answer is three and a half diopters So we
+
+251
+00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:58,700
+go to the next question Of
+
+252
+00:19:58,700 --> 00:20:02,960
+course, the question has three marks, three marks
+
+253
+00:20:02,960 --> 00:20:06,560
+I
+
+254
+00:20:06,560 --> 00:20:10,300
+have
+
+255
+00:20:10,300 --> 00:20:14,120
+a questionwhere is the image if we know that
+
+256
+00:20:14,120 --> 00:20:18,360
+object is 50 cm to the left of the lens and the
+
+257
+00:20:18,360 --> 00:20:22,920
+transphase magnification x minus 2 from 10 okay
+
+258
+00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:26,620
+this is a direct question we say that the object
+
+259
+00:20:26,620 --> 00:20:30,320
+is 50 cm away and the transphase magnification is
+
+260
+00:20:30,320 --> 00:20:32,740
+x minus 2 from 10 we say that the transphase
+
+261
+00:20:32,740 --> 00:20:35,580
+magnification is the image distance over the
+
+262
+00:20:35,580 --> 00:20:38,400
+object distance we repeat directly the transphase
+
+263
+00:20:38,400 --> 00:20:42,940
+magnification is minus 2 from 10The image distance
+
+264
+00:20:42,940 --> 00:20:46,040
+is unknown and the object distance is less than 5
+
+265
+00:20:46,040 --> 00:20:49,640
+meters. Why is it less than 5 meters? Because we
+
+266
+00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:53,120
+are dealing with distances that are less than 5
+
+267
+00:20:53,120 --> 00:20:57,820
+meters.عشان أعرف ال image بضرب الاتنين في بعض، إذا
+
+268
+00:20:57,820 --> 00:21:03,260
+ال image تساوي minus 2 من 10 في minus نص متر، ال
+
+269
+00:21:03,260 --> 00:21:06,640
+minus في minus بيصير plus و ال 2 من 10 ضرب نص
+
+270
+00:21:06,640 --> 00:21:11,120
+بيطلع 1 من 10 متر، إذا plus 1 من 10 متر على اليمين
+
+271
+00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:16,860
+يعني plus 10 cm، plus 10 cm، نشوف الإجابات، طبعا
+
+272
+00:21:16,860 --> 00:21:20,540
+10 cm to the right of the lens، 10 cm to the right
+
+273
+00:21:20,540 --> 00:21:25,330
+of the lens، هذا هو الجواب الصحيحIn para-axial
+
+274
+00:21:25,330 --> 00:21:27,390
+regions, the surface of spherical refracting
+
+275
+00:21:27,390 --> 00:21:30,250
+surfaces can be considered flat.
+
+276
+00:21:32,210 --> 00:21:36,110
+The more
+
+277
+00:21:36,110 --> 00:21:38,710
+the difference in refractive indices between the
+
+278
+00:21:38,710 --> 00:21:39,350
+two media,
+
+279
+00:21:48,650 --> 00:21:53,230
+كل مكان more كل مكانة الـ small critical angle.
+
+280
+00:21:53,270 --> 00:21:55,390
+The smaller the critical angle.
+
+281
+00:22:00,910 --> 00:22:06,070
+طيب. An object 20 cm to the left of a thin lens in
+
+282
+00:22:06,070 --> 00:22:09,550
+air, the image is formed to the right of the lens
+
+283
+00:22:09,550 --> 00:22:12,750
+at a distance of 20 cm. What is the power of the
+
+284
+00:22:12,750 --> 00:22:14,990
+lens? هذا سؤال أيضا رسمناه.
+
+285
+00:22:17,710 --> 00:22:21,230
+The object is 20 cm to the left and the image is
+
+286
+00:22:21,230 --> 00:22:26,130
+20 cm to the right. What is the power of the lens?
+
+287
+00:22:26,570 --> 00:22:29,390
+We say negative n over o plus p is equal to
+
+288
+00:22:29,390 --> 00:22:32,470
+uncertainty over i. Thin lens equation. Negative
+
+289
+00:22:32,470 --> 00:22:35,870
+one over two of ten meters plus the power is equal
+
+290
+00:22:35,870 --> 00:22:41,050
+to one over two of ten meters. Notice herethe
+
+291
+00:22:41,050 --> 00:22:45,550
+distance or the divergent ray, divergent ray, I
+
+292
+00:22:45,550 --> 00:22:49,090
+give it minus, or even in distances, this distance
+
+293
+00:22:49,090 --> 00:22:51,210
+on the left I give it minus, here the distance on
+
+294
+00:22:51,210 --> 00:22:55,830
+the right I give it plus Okay, so minus one out of
+
+295
+00:22:55,830 --> 00:22:58,690
+two out of ten, minus five, and the meter turns
+
+296
+00:22:58,690 --> 00:23:02,190
+out to be minus five diopter plus powerhere it's
+
+297
+00:23:02,190 --> 00:23:04,270
+the same thing but the sign is plus one and two
+
+298
+00:23:04,270 --> 00:23:06,470
+from ten is five and the meter turns out to be one
+
+299
+00:23:06,470 --> 00:23:09,570
+minus one which is the diopter so minus five
+
+300
+00:23:09,570 --> 00:23:13,070
+diopters plus the power equals five diopters or
+
+301
+00:23:13,070 --> 00:23:16,150
+plus five diopters when I subtract minus five from
+
+302
+00:23:16,150 --> 00:23:18,950
+the other side and it becomes plus five plus five
+
+303
+00:23:18,950 --> 00:23:22,730
+with plus five so the power is plus ten diopters
+
+304
+00:23:22,730 --> 00:23:26,270
+so the power is plus ten diopters and this is the
+
+305
+00:23:26,270 --> 00:23:26,870
+correct answer
+
+306
+00:23:31,420 --> 00:23:34,560
+What is the transphase magnification if we know
+
+307
+00:23:34,560 --> 00:23:38,640
+that the object is 50 cm to the left of a lens and
+
+308
+00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:42,080
+the image is 20 cm to the right of the lens?
+
+309
+00:23:54,300 --> 00:23:56,560
+transfers magnification is equal to image distance
+
+310
+00:23:56,560 --> 00:24:00,020
+over object distance, the image distance is plus 2
+
+311
+00:24:00,020 --> 00:24:02,840
+out of 10 meters, the object distance is minus
+
+312
+00:24:02,840 --> 00:24:05,420
+half a meter, plus 2 out of 10 meters is plus 20
+
+313
+00:24:05,420 --> 00:24:08,440
+centimeters, and here minus 50 centimeters, so the
+
+314
+00:24:08,440 --> 00:24:13,360
+answer is x minus 4 out of 10, x minus 4 out of 10
+
+315
+00:24:13,360 --> 00:24:18,880
+is the correct answerIn an optical medium, the
+
+316
+00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:21,860
+longer the wavelength of light passing through it,
+
+317
+00:24:22,140 --> 00:24:25,660
+the lower the refractive index of that medium for
+
+318
+00:24:25,660 --> 00:24:26,660
+that wavelength.
+
+319
+00:24:48,660 --> 00:24:51,440
+An object stands 0.5 meters to the left of a
+
+320
+00:24:51,440 --> 00:24:55,660
+single refracting surface with R 5 cm and for air
+
+321
+00:24:55,660 --> 00:24:58,380
+of course 1 and for glass 1.5 meters. Where is the
+
+322
+00:24:58,380 --> 00:25:02,420
+image and what is transphase magnification? So the
+
+323
+00:25:02,420 --> 00:25:04,960
+object is about 0.5 meters away and the radius is
+
+324
+00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:06,000
+5 cm.
+
+325
+00:25:20,660 --> 00:25:24,000
+single refractive, the radius is 5What is required
+
+326
+00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:27,000
+is the image and the transference magnification.
+
+327
+00:25:27,100 --> 00:25:30,980
+We say negative n over O plus negative n over R is
+
+328
+00:25:30,980 --> 00:25:34,180
+equal to negative n over I minus one over half a
+
+329
+00:25:34,180 --> 00:25:35,900
+meter which is the distance of the object which is
+
+330
+00:25:35,900 --> 00:25:39,340
+O plus one and a half minus one which is negative
+
+331
+00:25:39,340 --> 00:25:43,140
+n over R which is five centimeters. Note that five
+
+332
+00:25:43,140 --> 00:25:45,300
+centimeters is not half a meter. Fifty centimeters
+
+333
+00:25:45,300 --> 00:25:47,160
+is half a meter. Five centimeters is five out of
+
+334
+00:25:47,160 --> 00:25:49,640
+one hundred meters. It is equal to negative n over
+
+335
+00:25:49,640 --> 00:25:51,260
+I which is negative one and a half over the
+
+336
+00:25:51,260 --> 00:25:54,980
+unknown I.minus 1 over half becomes minus 2 and
+
+337
+00:25:54,980 --> 00:25:58,840
+the meter becomes diopter when it goes up plus 1
+
+338
+00:25:58,840 --> 00:26:02,040
+and a half minus 1 is half the half when I
+
+339
+00:26:02,040 --> 00:26:05,240
+multiply by 5 from 100 it becomes 10 and the meter
+
+340
+00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:09,060
+becomes diopter so minus 2 diopter plus 10 diopter
+
+341
+00:26:09,060 --> 00:26:12,180
+equals 1 and a half over I goes down as it is
+
+342
+00:26:12,180 --> 00:26:16,380
+minus 2 and plus 10 remains plus 8 diopter equals
+
+343
+00:26:16,380 --> 00:26:21,000
+1 and a half over Iإذن I تساوي واحد و نص على
+
+344
+00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:26,060
+تمانية ديوبتر و يساوي مية أو الف و تمانية و خمسة و
+
+345
+00:26:26,060 --> 00:26:28,700
+سبعين، ممكن نقول مية و سبعة و تمانين من الف من
+
+346
+00:26:28,700 --> 00:26:31,940
+المتر، يعني تمانتاشر صانتي و تلت تربع، تمانتاشر
+
+347
+00:26:31,940 --> 00:26:35,760
+صانتي و تلت تربع على اليمين لإنها طلعت بالإبلاس
+
+348
+00:26:36,750 --> 00:26:39,330
+Transphase Magnification Image Distance by Object
+
+349
+00:26:39,330 --> 00:26:42,790
+Distance Now there is a point that the image
+
+350
+00:26:42,790 --> 00:26:47,170
+distance is 18.75 meters and the object distance
+
+351
+00:26:47,170 --> 00:26:49,370
+is half a meter, but we agreed that it should be
+
+352
+00:26:49,370 --> 00:26:54,110
+measured from the radius of curvature5 cm will be
+
+353
+00:26:54,110 --> 00:26:56,270
+added to the distance of the object and will be
+
+354
+00:26:56,270 --> 00:26:59,650
+subtracted from the distance of the image when I
+
+355
+00:26:59,650 --> 00:27:01,170
+subtract from the distance of the image which is
+
+356
+00:27:01,170 --> 00:27:05,770
+18 and three quarters 5 cm will subtract 13.75 cm
+
+357
+00:27:05,770 --> 00:27:09,470
+from 100 cm when I add to the half meter 5 cm will
+
+358
+00:27:09,470 --> 00:27:13,370
+become 55 cm so the transfer magnification is
+
+359
+00:27:13,370 --> 00:27:17,710
+equal to13.75 cm which is the distance of the
+
+360
+00:27:17,710 --> 00:27:22,790
+image from the center of curvature to minus 55
+
+361
+00:27:22,790 --> 00:27:25,030
+because it is on the left which is equal to x
+
+362
+00:27:25,030 --> 00:27:27,670
+minus quarter which is equal to x minus quarter so
+
+363
+00:27:27,670 --> 00:27:30,510
+the image distance from the surface of the
+
+364
+00:27:30,510 --> 00:27:34,660
+refracting surface is 18.75 cmand the transference
+
+365
+00:27:34,660 --> 00:27:37,860
+magnification is x minus a quarter, x minus a
+
+366
+00:27:37,860 --> 00:27:40,100
+quarter, so eighteen and three quarters
+
+367
+00:27:40,100 --> 00:27:42,540
+centimeters and the transference magnification is
+
+368
+00:27:42,540 --> 00:27:46,180
+x minus a quarter by mistake in the program, the
+
+369
+00:27:46,180 --> 00:27:48,560
+answer was set to eighteen and three quarters
+
+370
+00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:50,440
+centimeters
+
+371
+00:27:51,610 --> 00:27:54,850
+Eighteen and three quarters of an inch, here,
+
+372
+00:27:54,950 --> 00:27:57,250
+eighteen and three quarters of an inch and the
+
+373
+00:27:57,250 --> 00:27:59,370
+transference magnification minus four is this
+
+374
+00:27:59,370 --> 00:28:01,990
+error that was modified, so that's why some
+
+375
+00:28:01,990 --> 00:28:04,710
+students found that the mark went down because
+
+376
+00:28:04,710 --> 00:28:07,210
+they had solved the error and considered that it
+
+377
+00:28:07,210 --> 00:28:10,550
+was a correct answer, this is the correct answer,
+
+378
+00:28:10,670 --> 00:28:13,370
+this is the correct answer, let's move to the next
+
+379
+00:28:13,370 --> 00:28:19,960
+questionThis question is very easy, the smaller
+
+380
+00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:22,880
+the radius of curvature, the more power you have.
+
+381
+00:28:22,920 --> 00:28:25,300
+This is the most powerful, this is the most
+
+382
+00:28:25,300 --> 00:28:27,600
+powerful, this is the most powerful, this is the
+
+383
+00:28:27,600 --> 00:28:27,920
+most powerful, this is the most powerful, this is
+
+384
+00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:27,980
+powerful, this is the most powerful, this is the
+
+385
+00:28:27,980 --> 00:28:29,280
+the most powerful, this is the most powerful, this
+
+386
+00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:29,320
+is the most powerful, this is the most powerful,
+
+387
+00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:29,660
+this is the most powerful, this is the most
+
+388
+00:28:29,660 --> 00:28:29,860
+most powerful, this is the most powerful, this is
+
+389
+00:28:29,860 --> 00:28:31,180
+the most powerful, this is the most powerful, this
+
+390
+00:28:31,180 --> 00:28:32,140
+is the most powerful, this is the most powerful,
+
+391
+00:28:32,140 --> 00:28:33,880
+this is the most powerful, this is the most
+
+392
+00:28:33,880 --> 00:28:35,040
+powerful, this is the most powerful, this is the
+
+393
+00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:37,140
+most powerful, this is the most powerful, this is
+
+394
+00:28:37,140 --> 00:28:40,640
+the most powerful, this is the most powerful, this
+
+395
+00:28:43,990 --> 00:28:47,750
+refractive error means a mistake in any of the
+
+396
+00:28:47,750 --> 00:28:51,670
+image characteristics in the location here we
+
+397
+00:28:51,670 --> 00:28:57,610
+finished the first version, let's go to the second
+
+398
+00:28:57,610 --> 00:29:03,610
+version let's go to the second version let's see
+
+399
+00:29:03,610 --> 00:29:05,910
+what it has, it has similar questions, but there
+
+400
+00:29:05,910 --> 00:29:07,350
+are some differences
+
+401
+00:29:11,990 --> 00:29:14,470
+We will start with the first question.
+
+402
+00:29:17,450 --> 00:29:21,150
+The critical angle is the angle of incidence that
+
+403
+00:29:21,150 --> 00:29:23,810
+gives an angle of transmission which equals 90
+
+404
+00:29:23,810 --> 00:29:24,870
+degrees. The question was asked in the first
+
+405
+00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:29,890
+version. If the image is 40 cm, also mark 80 cm
+
+406
+00:29:29,890 --> 00:29:33,150
+above the optical axis. Mark in the same
+
+407
+00:29:33,150 --> 00:29:36,350
+recording. Whoever wants to go back can go back.
+
+408
+00:29:40,410 --> 00:29:48,730
+هنا أيضا ..هنا أيضا مر The
+
+409
+00:29:48,730 --> 00:29:51,870
+higher
+
+410
+00:29:51,870 --> 00:29:54,730
+the up number for a material, the higher the
+
+411
+00:29:54,730 --> 00:29:58,110
+dispersion طبعا خطأ لأن كل ما كان ال up number
+
+412
+00:29:58,110 --> 00:30:01,510
+higher بيكون ال dispersion أقل The lower the
+
+413
+00:30:01,510 --> 00:30:03,010
+dispersion مش the higher the dispersion
+
+414
+00:30:07,430 --> 00:30:10,410
+In thin lenses, we can ignore the change of light
+
+415
+00:30:10,410 --> 00:30:11,670
+divergence on transfer.
+
+416
+00:30:15,450 --> 00:30:16,310
+Refractive error.
+
+417
+00:30:20,790 --> 00:30:25,390
+What is the divergence? This is our solution. That
+
+418
+00:30:25,390 --> 00:30:28,110
+is, at a distance of 2 meters, the distance is 1
+
+419
+00:30:28,110 --> 00:30:30,710
+by 2 meters, which is half a diopter. But as long
+
+420
+00:30:30,710 --> 00:30:33,090
+as it comes from a candle, from a real object, the
+
+421
+00:30:33,090 --> 00:30:36,450
+divergence is divergent. So minus half a meter.
+
+422
+00:30:42,660 --> 00:30:47,060
+Okay, let's go to the optical path length, I
+
+423
+00:30:47,060 --> 00:30:50,740
+prepared the distances and refractive index, let's
+
+424
+00:30:50,740 --> 00:30:52,460
+see the results
+
+425
+00:30:57,350 --> 00:30:59,670
+This is the first optical path length, it passes
+
+426
+00:30:59,670 --> 00:31:03,710
+through air 1, then through glass 1.5, distance 2
+
+427
+00:31:03,710 --> 00:31:07,350
+.5 meters, then through water distance 5 meters,
+
+428
+00:31:07,490 --> 00:31:10,750
+then through silicon oil distance 1.4 meters, all
+
+429
+00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:14,650
+of them are measured in refractive index 2x1x2
+
+430
+00:31:14,650 --> 00:31:22,720
+meters, 2.5x1.5x3.4 meters, 5x1x3.8x6.5 metersand
+
+431
+00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:26,680
+added 41x45x42
+
+432
+00:31:26,680 --> 00:31:30,680
+and 3 from 100 meters as if he walked in the air
+
+433
+00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:35,100
+14 meters and 28 from 100 meters this in the same
+
+434
+00:31:35,100 --> 00:31:38,820
+period of time that penetrated these distancesطيب
+
+435
+00:31:38,820 --> 00:31:42,640
+ال optical path length التاني بطلع عندى سبعتاش و
+
+436
+00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:47,940
+تسعة من عشرة بما يعادل سبعتاش و تسعة من عشرة متر
+
+437
+00:31:47,940 --> 00:31:51,920
+في الهوا، إذا ال optical path length التاني أطول
+
+438
+00:31:51,920 --> 00:31:56,640
+من ال optical path length الأول، إذا which optical
+
+439
+00:31:56,640 --> 00:32:00,540
+path length is longer, A or B؟ طبعا الإجابة B
+
+440
+00:32:05,060 --> 00:32:08,280
+This is also an easy question at the end. We have
+
+441
+00:32:08,280 --> 00:32:13,200
+three radius of curvature, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm.
+
+442
+00:32:13,580 --> 00:32:15,440
+The larger the radius, the larger the radius of
+
+443
+00:32:15,440 --> 00:32:19,180
+curvature. So this will take 20 cm, this will take
+
+444
+00:32:19,180 --> 00:32:22,420
+15 cm and this will take 10 cm.
+
+445
+00:32:31,170 --> 00:32:34,030
+The longer the wavelength of light, the lower the
+
+446
+00:32:34,030 --> 00:32:34,890
+refractive index.
+
+447
+00:32:44,370 --> 00:32:47,450
+Lightly exiting a high-index medium to air is
+
+448
+00:32:47,450 --> 00:32:50,910
+pinned toward the surface normal؟ لأ away from the
+
+449
+00:32:50,910 --> 00:32:54,470
+surface normal لما بنتقل من high exiting يعني خارج
+
+450
+00:32:54,470 --> 00:32:57,770
+من high-index medium to air يعني air to lower
+
+451
+00:32:57,770 --> 00:33:01,810
+-index medium فبالتالي هيروح away from مش toward
+
+452
+00:33:01,810 --> 00:33:07,310
+the surface normal إذا الإجابة خاطئة
+
+453
+00:33:07,310 --> 00:33:11,350
+Larger pinhole gives dimmer خطأ ال smaller pinhole
+
+454
+00:33:11,350 --> 00:33:13,410
+gives dimmer image
+
+455
+00:33:16,820 --> 00:33:20,340
+images are imperfect facsimiles, not exact scaled
+
+456
+00:33:20,340 --> 00:33:22,340
+duplicates of the original object
+
+457
+00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:32,060
+Total internal reflection occurs when light
+
+458
+00:33:32,060 --> 00:33:35,360
+travels from a medium with lower refractive index
+
+459
+00:33:35,360 --> 00:33:37,340
+to a medium with higher refractive index
+
+460
+00:33:52,770 --> 00:33:56,450
+from higher to lower. If I find from lower to
+
+461
+00:33:56,450 --> 00:33:58,310
+higher, I will not complete the example. Total
+
+462
+00:33:58,310 --> 00:34:01,470
+internal reflection is impossible to occur if the
+
+463
+00:34:01,470 --> 00:34:04,630
+light moves from a lower refractive index medium
+
+464
+00:34:04,630 --> 00:34:08,970
+to a medium with a higher refractive index.
+
+465
+00:34:32,470 --> 00:34:36,550
+The more difference in refractive indices between
+
+466
+00:34:36,550 --> 00:34:39,150
+the two medium, the smaller the critical angle
+
+467
+00:34:42,640 --> 00:34:45,180
+The image for the dianoptical system is the
+
+468
+00:34:45,180 --> 00:34:49,320
+spatial summation of point spread functions for
+
+469
+00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:50,400
+every object point.
+
+470
+00:34:59,270 --> 00:35:02,550
+Single refracting service with R equal quarter
+
+471
+00:35:02,550 --> 00:35:05,270
+meter and the object is meet centimeter to the
+
+472
+00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:09,670
+left of this service is a radius quarter meter and
+
+473
+00:35:09,670 --> 00:35:12,550
+the object is one meter away. Where is the image?
+
+474
+00:35:12,890 --> 00:35:15,390
+Only the image is required. Let's see the drawing
+
+475
+00:35:16,530 --> 00:35:18,930
+which explains this situation, this is the
+
+476
+00:35:18,930 --> 00:35:22,690
+drawing, we say 1 meter and R is quarter meter
+
+477
+00:35:22,690 --> 00:35:25,590
+which is 25 centimeters, we say negative N over O
+
+478
+00:35:25,590 --> 00:35:28,750
+plus negative N minus N over R is equal to
+
+479
+00:35:28,750 --> 00:35:32,470
+negative N minus I minus 1 over 1 meter which is
+
+480
+00:35:32,470 --> 00:35:35,000
+the distance of the object plusone and a half
+
+481
+00:35:35,000 --> 00:35:37,220
+minus one over a quarter of a meter which is the
+
+482
+00:35:37,220 --> 00:35:40,720
+radius which is one and a half minus one over a
+
+483
+00:35:40,720 --> 00:35:40,760
+quarter of a meter which is the radius which is
+
+484
+00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:41,820
+one and a half minus one over a quarter of a meter
+
+485
+00:35:41,820 --> 00:35:43,340
+which is the radius which is one and a half minus
+
+486
+00:35:43,340 --> 00:35:44,800
+one over a quarter of a meter which is one and a
+
+487
+00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:44,840
+half minus one over a quarter of a meter which is
+
+488
+00:35:44,840 --> 00:35:45,680
+one and a half minus one over a quarter of a meter
+
+489
+00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:46,660
+which is one and a half minus one over a quarter
+
+490
+00:35:46,660 --> 00:35:49,860
+of a meter which is one and a half minus one over
+
+491
+00:35:49,860 --> 00:35:51,080
+a quarter of a meter which is one and a half minus
+
+492
+00:35:51,080 --> 00:35:56,540
+one over a quarter of a meter which is one and
+
+493
+00:35:56,540 --> 00:35:58,900
+a half minus one over a quarter of a meter which
+
+494
+00:35:58,900 --> 00:36:01,680
+is one and a half minus one over a quarter of a
+
+495
+00:36:01,680 --> 00:36:03,820
+meter which is one and a half minus one over a
+
+496
+00:36:03,820 --> 00:36:06,020
+which is one andSo I change the place of one
+
+497
+00:36:06,020 --> 00:36:08,800
+diopter to become I equals one and a half to plus
+
+498
+00:36:08,800 --> 00:36:12,080
+one diopter, one and a half to one becomes plus
+
+499
+00:36:12,080 --> 00:36:14,980
+one and a half, and the diopter becomes a meter.
+
+500
+00:36:15,300 --> 00:36:17,740
+So plus one and a half meters, then on the right
+
+501
+00:36:17,740 --> 00:36:19,740
+of the refracting surface with a quantity of one
+
+502
+00:36:19,740 --> 00:36:23,400
+and a half meters is the correct answer. So plus
+
+503
+00:36:23,400 --> 00:36:26,780
+one and a half meters. Plus one and a half meters.
+
+504
+00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:34,430
+See the next question. Okay.An object stands one
+
+505
+00:36:34,430 --> 00:36:37,270
+meter to the left of a thin lens in air. The power
+
+506
+00:36:37,270 --> 00:36:40,190
+is plus 5. Where is the image and what is the
+
+507
+00:36:40,190 --> 00:36:43,010
+transfer's magnification? Let's see the picture
+
+508
+00:36:43,010 --> 00:36:45,710
+that shows this example.
+
+509
+00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:53,230
+Okay.
+
+510
+00:36:58,010 --> 00:37:00,650
+We don't have a picture. Let's make a picture, God
+
+511
+00:37:00,650 --> 00:37:09,270
+willing.To solve this problem
+
+512
+00:37:09,270 --> 00:37:18,310
+I have the optical axis and
+
+513
+00:37:18,310 --> 00:37:24,050
+here I have the lens The
+
+514
+00:37:24,050 --> 00:37:27,130
+lens has 5 diopters, plus 5 diopters
+
+515
+00:37:36,910 --> 00:37:43,710
+and the object on the rod let's
+
+516
+00:37:43,710 --> 00:37:48,470
+go back to the object and say one meter one meter
+
+517
+00:37:48,470 --> 00:37:59,110
+okay so the distance of the object is one meter we
+
+518
+00:37:59,110 --> 00:38:01,650
+want to calculate where is the image
+
+519
+00:38:11,410 --> 00:38:18,810
+and the transfer is magnification we
+
+520
+00:38:18,810 --> 00:38:26,330
+say u is equal to minus n by o is
+
+521
+00:38:26,330 --> 00:38:34,950
+equal to minus one by one meter is equal to minus
+
+522
+00:38:34,950 --> 00:38:41,500
+one diopter quickly I put that the light will
+
+523
+00:38:41,500 --> 00:38:44,320
+reach a wavelength of minus one diopter this will
+
+524
+00:38:44,320 --> 00:38:50,100
+be placed on the front surface of the lens the
+
+525
+00:38:50,100 --> 00:38:52,980
+light will reach a wavelength of one diopter we
+
+526
+00:38:52,980 --> 00:38:54,380
+will see how much light will come out of the lens
+
+527
+00:38:54,380 --> 00:39:04,100
+by wavelength we say u plus p equals v
+
+528
+00:39:05,910 --> 00:39:13,730
+U-1 diopter plus power A5 diopter is equal to V,
+
+529
+00:39:14,410 --> 00:39:20,390
+so V is equal to plus 4 diopter, plus 4 diopter,
+
+530
+00:39:21,470 --> 00:39:25,230
+so the light will come out in a fluctuation, in a
+
+531
+00:39:25,230 --> 00:39:26,510
+fluctuation of the amount A
+
+532
+00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:36,820
+plus 4 diopter means that I am plural in the case
+
+533
+00:39:36,820 --> 00:39:39,220
+of apostrophe I am plural because plus, the virgin
+
+534
+00:39:39,220 --> 00:39:42,440
+is plus as long as I am plural, it will form a
+
+535
+00:39:42,440 --> 00:39:45,900
+real picture in whatever space we want to see
+
+536
+00:39:45,900 --> 00:39:48,520
+where this picture is let's say v equals
+
+537
+00:39:48,520 --> 00:39:55,600
+unconditional on i then
+
+538
+00:39:55,600 --> 00:39:57,100
+i equals
+
+539
+00:40:04,370 --> 00:40:08,510
+I equals condition
+
+540
+00:40:08,510 --> 00:40:12,670
+on V which
+
+541
+00:40:12,670 --> 00:40:16,890
+equals condition which is one because we are in
+
+542
+00:40:16,890 --> 00:40:20,050
+the air on V which is plus four which is greater
+
+543
+00:40:20,050 --> 00:40:23,550
+which
+
+544
+00:40:23,550 --> 00:40:27,530
+equals one over plus four plus quarter
+
+545
+00:40:37,330 --> 00:40:40,610
+Image distance on the right side of the lens
+
+546
+00:40:40,610 --> 00:40:44,110
+Transverse
+
+547
+00:40:44,110 --> 00:40:49,270
+magnification is equal to U over V or image
+
+548
+00:40:49,270 --> 00:40:50,870
+distance over object distance
+
+549
+00:40:58,710 --> 00:41:06,530
+imageDistance over objectDistance is
+
+550
+00:41:06,530 --> 00:41:17,650
+equal to imageDistance plus quarter meter over
+
+551
+00:41:17,650 --> 00:41:22,130
+objectDistance minus one meter why minus? because
+
+552
+00:41:22,130 --> 00:41:26,690
+the object is on the left plus over minusgive me
+
+553
+00:41:26,690 --> 00:41:32,730
+minus, so x minus, and a quarter over one remains
+
+554
+00:41:32,730 --> 00:41:35,270
+a quarter, anything divided by one remains as it
+
+555
+00:41:35,270 --> 00:41:39,750
+is, so minus a quarter, minus a quarter, excuse
+
+556
+00:41:39,750 --> 00:41:47,490
+me, a quarter, x minus a quarter, this is the
+
+557
+00:41:47,490 --> 00:41:50,850
+transference magnification in this problem
+
+558
+00:42:06,650 --> 00:42:09,570
+to the right of the lens which transfers
+
+559
+00:42:09,570 --> 00:42:11,550
+magnification x minus quarter
+
+560
+00:42:15,720 --> 00:42:18,040
+Total internal reflection occurs when light
+
+561
+00:42:18,040 --> 00:42:21,500
+travels from a medium with higher refractive index
+
+562
+00:42:21,500 --> 00:42:24,900
+to a medium with lower refractive index if the
+
+563
+00:42:24,900 --> 00:42:27,640
+incidence angle is more than the critical angle.
+
+564
+00:42:33,420 --> 00:42:38,200
+طيب أخر سؤال مر علينا optical system سبعة عدسات
+
+565
+00:42:38,200 --> 00:42:42,040
+كام degrees of freedom سبعة وعشرين و هيك بنكون
+
+566
+00:42:42,040 --> 00:42:46,120
+احنا حلنا أسئلة النسختين و يعطيكم العافية والسلام
+
+567
+00:42:46,120 --> 00:42:48,420
+عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/SNwhZDaqSxM_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+1
+00:00:03,740 --> 00:00:09,020
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم اليوم هنحكي عن ال angular
+
+2
+00:00:09,020 --> 00:00:13,100
+magnification نقول find angular magnification for
+
+3
+00:00:13,100 --> 00:00:18,100
+the following magnifiers if viewing distance is 25
+
+4
+00:00:18,100 --> 00:00:21,820
+cm ال viewing distance مسافة الرؤية اللي بستعمل
+
+5
+00:00:21,820 --> 00:00:25,160
+فيها ال magnifier 25 cm يعني ال object بدي بعيد عن
+
+6
+00:00:25,160 --> 00:00:29,960
+عيني ربع متر و بدي أحط مرة plus 20 And again I put
+
+7
+00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:33,740
+plus 28 How much angular magnification happens
+
+8
+00:00:33,740 --> 00:00:36,440
+with me? As long as the distance of vision is a
+
+9
+00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:39,000
+quarter of a meter, then I want to divide by 4 The
+
+10
+00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:42,700
+equation of angular magnification which is M which
+
+11
+00:00:42,700 --> 00:00:45,280
+is the angular magnification equals the power of
+
+12
+00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:48,540
+the magnifier which is 20 diopters divided by 4
+
+13
+00:00:48,540 --> 00:00:54,000
+and equals the power plus 20 divided by 4 and
+
+14
+00:00:54,000 --> 00:01:00,990
+equals x5X5 يعني هيصير يعمل زاوية معيني خمس أضعاف
+
+15
+00:01:00,990 --> 00:01:04,750
+الزاوية اللي كان يعملها ال object نفسه قبل ما
+
+16
+00:01:04,750 --> 00:01:09,010
+أستعمل ال magnifier لو أنا كنت بتطلع على شمعة و
+
+17
+00:01:09,010 --> 00:01:13,330
+هاد الشمعة من قمتها لأسفل هتعمل معيني زاوية عشرة
+
+18
+00:01:13,330 --> 00:01:17,970
+degree و حطيت هذا ال magnifier هتصير تعمل خمسين
+
+19
+00:01:17,970 --> 00:01:22,290
+degree بدل العشرة degree يعني بمعنى هتكبر أو يضعف
+
+20
+00:01:22,290 --> 00:01:26,370
+الزاوية اللي بتعملها معيني خمس أضعاف Now for the
+
+21
+00:01:26,370 --> 00:01:30,190
+other magnifier, we want to see the angular
+
+22
+00:01:30,190 --> 00:01:31,670
+magnification, which is the same as the distance
+
+23
+00:01:31,670 --> 00:01:33,490
+of vision, which is a quarter of a meter, then the
+
+24
+00:01:33,490 --> 00:01:39,610
+power over four is equal to28 divided by 4 is
+
+25
+00:01:39,610 --> 00:01:45,210
+equal to x7 So this magnifier amplifies the angle
+
+26
+00:01:45,210 --> 00:01:48,790
+of the object that I'm looking at Of course it
+
+27
+00:01:48,790 --> 00:01:50,670
+amplifies the angle when I put it in front of my
+
+28
+00:01:50,670 --> 00:01:54,230
+eye, it amplifies it 7 times So if the candle or
+
+29
+00:01:54,230 --> 00:01:59,690
+the object that I'm looking at is 25 cm away from
+
+30
+00:01:59,690 --> 00:02:04,410
+meبيعمل زاوية مع عيني 10 degree إذا لما بحط هذا ال
+
+31
+00:02:04,410 --> 00:02:08,530
+magnifier أمام عيني بيصير بدل 10 degree 70 degree
+
+32
+00:02:08,530 --> 00:02:12,690
+يعني 7 أضعاف ال angular height ال angular height
+
+33
+00:02:12,690 --> 00:02:15,930
+إذا هذا بيكبر 5 مرات angular magnification و هذا
+
+34
+00:02:15,930 --> 00:02:19,910
+بيكبر 7 مرات angular magnification و هيك بيكون
+
+35
+00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:22,870
+الحل انتهى و يعطيكم العافية و السلام عليكم و رحمة
+
+36
+00:02:22,870 --> 00:02:24,230
+الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/WhDP7Okb7qc.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2498 @@
+
+1
+00:00:01,530 --> 00:00:04,790
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بنواصل مع محاضرات ال
+
+2
+00:00:04,790 --> 00:00:09,170
+geometric optics ووصلنا لموضوع ال a focal system
+
+3
+00:00:10,010 --> 00:00:13,590
+The focal system is a very important topic, and 
+
+4
+00:00:13,590 --> 00:00:17,430
+here, what is negative? I mean, we have optical
+
+5
+00:00:17,430 --> 00:00:22,870
+systems without focus, without focus, what is this 
+
+6
+00:00:22,870 --> 00:00:25,170
+optical system? How do we understand it? We know
+
+7
+00:00:25,170 --> 00:00:28,630
+that every optical system, until now, every
+
+8
+00:00:28,630 --> 00:00:31,310
+optical system has two focal points, that is, it
+
+9
+00:00:31,310 --> 00:00:35,330
+is a focal system and LO2 nodal point and LO2
+
+10
+00:00:35,330 --> 00:00:39,610
+principal point. The focal systems are a kind of 
+
+11
+00:00:39,610 --> 00:00:43,550
+optical system that differs a little bit from what 
+
+12
+00:00:43,550 --> 00:00:49,190
+we studied before. But to know what the difference
+
+13
+00:00:49,190 --> 00:00:53,090
+is, we can say that لو عندنا عدسة واحدة، هذه العدسة
+
+14
+00:00:53,090 --> 00:00:56,350
+تعتبر لحالها optical system، إليها two nodal
+
+15
+00:00:56,350 --> 00:00:59,610
+points و two principal points و two focal points،
+
+16
+00:00:59,610 --> 00:01:03,690
+هذه لحالها تعتبر optical system و بنزميه focal
+
+17
+00:01:03,690 --> 00:01:07,350
+optical system، يعني optical system إليه focus Or
+
+18
+00:01:07,350 --> 00:01:10,850
+it has cardinal points This lens also has the same
+
+19
+00:01:10,850 --> 00:01:13,470
+thing, it has two nodal points, two focal points,
+
+20
+00:01:13,590 --> 00:01:16,270
+two principal points, and we consider it as an 
+
+21
+00:01:16,270 --> 00:01:19,470
+optical system based on itself, and it has three 
+
+22
+00:01:19,470 --> 00:01:23,150
+pairs of cardinal points Now if we talk about two 
+
+23
+00:01:23,150 --> 00:01:28,010
+lenses together, two lenses together Also, they
+
+24
+00:01:28,010 --> 00:01:31,850
+consider a focal system to have two nodal points,
+
+25
+00:01:31,950 --> 00:01:34,130
+two principal points, two focal points, but they
+
+26
+00:01:34,130 --> 00:01:37,250
+are different from the three pairs that belong to 
+
+27
+00:01:37,250 --> 00:01:40,010
+each lens on it, that is, a new optical system
+
+28
+00:01:40,010 --> 00:01:42,690
+Okay, either you see today what we want to 
+
+29
+00:01:42,690 --> 00:01:47,110
+understand or how we want to know to understand
+
+30
+00:01:47,110 --> 00:01:51,990
+the focal systems, the focal systems To remember in 
+
+31
+00:01:51,990 --> 00:01:55,290
+the focal systems, some very important things that 
+
+32
+00:01:55,290 --> 00:01:57,910
+we should remember from the previous lectures is
+
+33
+00:01:57,910 --> 00:02:02,870
+that the parallel rays, the parallel rays that 
+
+34
+00:02:02,870 --> 00:02:05,730
+come parallel to the optical axis must pass
+
+35
+00:02:05,730 --> 00:02:08,270
+through the FP of the system, whether it is one
+
+36
+00:02:08,270 --> 00:02:11,070
+lens or several lenses, that is, the parallel 
+
+37
+00:02:11,070 --> 00:02:14,110
+rays, this line, let's go to the colored picture
+
+38
+00:02:18,950 --> 00:02:26,490
+This blue line, parallel to the optical axis,
+
+39
+00:02:27,290 --> 00:02:32,450
+passes through the entire FB of the system Okay,
+
+40
+00:02:32,870 --> 00:02:35,970
+the second blue line or the second light ray that 
+
+41
+00:02:35,970 --> 00:02:39,210
+enters the FA will be parallel to the optical
+
+42
+00:02:39,210 --> 00:02:42,730
+axis, so the parallel must enter the FP and the
+
+43
+00:02:42,730 --> 00:02:45,990
+one that enters the FA must be parallel, whether 
+
+44
+00:02:45,990 --> 00:02:48,310
+we are talking about one lens or we are talking
+
+45
+00:02:48,310 --> 00:02:51,290
+about many lenses. Okay, in the focal system,
+
+46
+00:02:51,710 --> 00:02:53,290
+let's see what happens to me
+
+47
+00:02:59,890 --> 00:03:04,010
+Consider an optical system consisting of two thin
+
+48
+00:03:04,010 --> 00:03:07,870
+lenses in air I have a plus two diopter lens and I
+
+49
+00:03:07,870 --> 00:03:10,850
+have a minus five diopter lens and the distance
+
+50
+00:03:10,850 --> 00:03:12,830
+between them is thirty centimeters and the
+
+51
+00:03:12,830 --> 00:03:15,030
+distance between them is thirty centimeters and
+
+52
+00:03:15,030 --> 00:03:19,050
+now I want to have parallel rays, parallel rays,
+
+53
+00:03:19,190 --> 00:03:22,770
+so we want to see where these parallel rays will 
+
+54
+00:03:22,770 --> 00:03:25,190
+come out, where they will come out, we add a chip
+
+55
+00:03:25,190 --> 00:03:27,430
+and we come to do our calculations
+
+56
+00:03:34,630 --> 00:03:41,250
+But we need to move the image to make things clear
+
+57
+00:03:41,250 --> 00:03:47,850
+Let's
+
+58
+00:03:47,850 --> 00:03:54,650
+zoom in a little bit and follow the Virgin's
+
+59
+00:03:54,650 --> 00:03:57,930
+Calculation calculations First thing, Parallel
+
+60
+00:03:57,930 --> 00:04:02,130
+Rays means that U is zero U at the first lens is 
+
+61
+00:04:02,130 --> 00:04:08,630
+equal to zero without calculation Okay, u plus b
+
+62
+00:04:08,630 --> 00:04:11,710
+is 
+
+63
+00:04:11,710 --> 00:04:24,810
+equal to v, let's lower the speech a little bit 
+
+64
+00:04:24,810 --> 00:04:29,870
+Okay, the u I have is zero plus the power two is
+
+65
+00:04:29,870 --> 00:04:33,310
+equal to, two is a diopter of course, is equal to 
+
+66
+00:04:33,310 --> 00:04:45,860
+vإذن V تساوي plus اتنين ديوبتر I تساوي هنشرط على V
+
+67
+00:04:45,860 --> 00:04:52,000
+ويساوي
+
+68
+00:04:52,000 --> 00:05:02,100
+واحد على plus اتنين ديوبتر ويساوي plus نص متريعني
+
+69
+00:05:02,100 --> 00:05:06,140
+على يمين العدسة ال plus على بعد نص متر هي تلاتين 
+
+70
+00:05:06,140 --> 00:05:10,630
+سانتي و عشرين سانتي، اذا الصورة الأولىالصورة
+
+71
+00:05:10,630 --> 00:05:14,290
+الأولى بتاعت العدسة لplus على بعد خمسين صنطي من
+
+72
+00:05:14,290 --> 00:05:18,570
+العدسة لplus على بعد خمسين صنطي من العدسة لplus
+
+73
+00:05:18,570 --> 00:05:23,770
+طيب الصورة الأولى هي object للعدسة التانية بس جاي
+
+74
+00:05:23,770 --> 00:05:26,310
+عاليمين الأشعة هتضرب في العدسة التانية و هي 
+
+75
+00:05:26,310 --> 00:05:30,050
+convergent يعني virtual object virtual object 
+
+76
+00:05:30,050 --> 00:05:38,860
+للعدسة التانية بنقول U تساوي زائد N على Oplus N
+
+77
+00:05:38,860 --> 00:05:43,100
+over O, then because the body on the right is a 
+
+78
+00:05:43,100 --> 00:05:45,700
+virtual object, the rays are convergent, which is
+
+79
+00:05:45,700 --> 00:05:51,720
+plus and equal to plus one, which is N over O, the
+
+80
+00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:54,780
+distance is twenty centimeters, the object is the
+
+81
+00:05:54,780 --> 00:05:56,060
+image of the first lens, which is fifty
+
+82
+00:05:56,060 --> 00:05:59,280
+centimeters away from the first lens, but twenty
+
+83
+00:05:59,280 --> 00:06:01,460
+centimeters away from the second lens on the
+
+84
+00:06:01,460 --> 00:06:09,660
+right, then plus two out of ten metersويساوي plus 
+
+85
+00:06:09,660 --> 00:06:14,800
+خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus
+
+86
+00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:15,800
+خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus
+
+87
+00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:21,200
+خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus
+
+88
+00:06:21,200 --> 00:06:24,200
+خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus
+
+89
+00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:25,800
+خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus
+
+90
+00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:29,260
+خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus خمسة ديوبتر ويساوي plus
+
+91
+00:06:29,260 --> 00:06:35,700
+خمسة ديوبتV is equal to zero means that the rays
+
+92
+00:06:35,700 --> 00:06:40,600
+are parallel The rays entered this system parallel
+
+93
+00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:43,780
+and came out parallel So this is the first time we
+
+94
+00:06:43,780 --> 00:06:49,820
+have an example of this The rays parallel to the 
+
+95
+00:06:49,820 --> 00:06:53,220
+optical axis come out parallel and do not enter 
+
+96
+00:06:53,220 --> 00:06:59,300
+the FP of the system Actually, this system doesn't 
+
+97
+00:06:59,300 --> 00:07:06,400
+have FP, FA, or cardinal points, nor nodal points,
+
+98
+00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:11,660
+nor principal points, nor focal points, as the
+
+99
+00:07:11,660 --> 00:07:12,440
+question clarified
+
+100
+00:07:15,170 --> 00:07:18,050
+parallel to the optical axis and it turned out to 
+
+101
+00:07:18,050 --> 00:07:22,930
+be parallel. So this is the first time that there
+
+102
+00:07:22,930 --> 00:07:27,730
+are no focal points or even cardinal points for
+
+103
+00:07:27,730 --> 00:07:31,510
+this system. This system is called a focal system.
+
+104
+00:07:31,610 --> 00:07:34,430
+We will see this in resimulation, how it will 
+
+105
+00:07:34,430 --> 00:07:41,070
+happen in this case. We say that this is a lens 
+
+106
+00:07:42,930 --> 00:07:47,630
+Plus two No 
+
+107
+00:07:47,630 --> 00:07:52,830
+First
+
+108
+00:07:52,830 --> 00:07:57,450
+we put the grid Then
+
+109
+00:07:57,450 --> 00:08:05,610
+we put lens plus two Okay 
+
+110
+00:08:05,610 --> 00:08:10,210
+Plus two means the focal length is five hundred 
+
+111
+00:08:10,210 --> 00:08:17,870
+millimeters, fifty centimetersand then we put a
+
+112
+00:08:17,870 --> 00:08:21,770
+length minus 5
+
+113
+00:08:21,770 --> 00:08:26,050
+which is minus 200 mm, minus 20 cm above its
+
+114
+00:08:26,050 --> 00:08:28,930
+length and we put between them a certain distance 
+
+115
+00:08:40,810 --> 00:08:46,950
+ط��ب، الآن بدنا نجيب حزمة إشعاعية متوازية مع بعضها
+
+116
+00:08:46,950 --> 00:08:50,610
+البعض،
+
+117
+00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:57,330
+و طبعا نخفف كثافة الأشعة، 
+
+118
+00:08:57,330 --> 00:08:58,470
+و نضلنا نبعد 
+
+119
+00:09:06,230 --> 00:09:09,570
+when the rays are parallel when the rays are
+
+120
+00:09:09,570 --> 00:09:13,310
+parallel now we take a ruler and we see the
+
+121
+00:09:13,310 --> 00:09:20,130
+distance between no this is not a ruler we take a
+
+122
+00:09:20,130 --> 00:09:23,830
+ruler and
+
+123
+00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:29,270
+this is the ruler we see the distance between the 
+
+124
+00:09:29,270 --> 00:09:29,750
+two lenses
+
+125
+00:09:36,030 --> 00:09:40,110
+طبعا عشان تخرج الأشعة متساوي أو متوازية تماما لازم
+
+126
+00:09:40,110 --> 00:09:44,890
+يكون المسافة عندي تلاتين سانتي، يعني تلاتميت ملي،
+
+127
+00:09:44,890 --> 00:09:48,730
+تلاتميت ملي، فبالتالي هذه القضية، هذا a focal
+
+128
+00:09:48,730 --> 00:09:55,170
+system، أشعة دخلت لل system موازية لبعضها البعض،
+
+129
+00:09:55,170 --> 00:09:58,930
+وخرجت من ال system موازية لبعضها البعض، موازية
+
+130
+00:09:58,930 --> 00:10:02,810
+لبعضها البعض، فبالتالي هذه القضية ضروري جدا تكون 
+
+131
+00:10:02,810 --> 00:10:07,290
+واضحة، ضروري جدا تكون واضحة.The distance must be
+
+132
+00:10:07,290 --> 00:10:09,670
+calculated accurately, and we will tell you why 30 
+
+133
+00:10:09,670 --> 00:10:16,450
+cm if the lens is plus 2 and minus 5 Let's take 
+
+134
+00:10:16,450 --> 00:10:21,230
+another example This is the grid, this is me for 
+
+135
+00:10:21,230 --> 00:10:28,870
+example No, this is a ray We 
+
+136
+00:10:28,870 --> 00:10:30,090
+need an ideal lens
+
+137
+00:10:38,630 --> 00:10:41,590
+Let's assume that plus four is more than two
+
+138
+00:10:41,590 --> 00:10:48,470
+hundred and fifty millimeters The focal length is
+
+139
+00:10:48,470 --> 00:10:53,050
+two hundred and fifty millimeters This is another 
+
+140
+00:10:53,050 --> 00:11:05,550
+lens Let's
+
+141
+00:11:05,550 --> 00:11:06,410
+make it for example
+
+142
+00:11:10,790 --> 00:11:15,530
+minus one hundred which is minus ten diopters and 
+
+143
+00:11:15,530 --> 00:11:19,050
+see how much distance there should be between them 
+
+144
+00:11:19,050 --> 00:11:27,930
+to give me a focal system a focal system we
+
+145
+00:11:27,930 --> 00:11:29,530
+said that the first attribute of a focal system is 
+
+146
+00:11:29,530 --> 00:11:31,570
+that the rays that enter it are parallel and exit 
+
+147
+00:11:31,570 --> 00:11:36,270
+parallel here it didn't exit parallel we want to 
+
+148
+00:11:36,270 --> 00:11:40,730
+see how we can make it paralleland then we see how 
+
+149
+00:11:40,730 --> 00:11:43,090
+the distance is calculated, but it's better to
+
+150
+00:11:43,090 --> 00:11:46,170
+reduce the intensity of the rays to make the
+
+151
+00:11:46,170 --> 00:11:52,650
+picture clearer this 
+
+152
+00:11:52,650 --> 00:11:55,810
+way the rays are parallel or close to be parallel
+
+153
+00:11:55,810 --> 00:11:58,930
+we 
+
+154
+00:11:58,930 --> 00:12:00,930
+will see with the ruler how much is the distance 
+
+155
+00:12:00,930 --> 00:12:05,130
+between the two poles this
+
+156
+00:12:05,130 --> 00:12:09,400
+is the rulerand see the distance between the two 
+
+157
+00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:09,520
+lenses
+
+158
+00:12:14,130 --> 00:12:16,870
+Exactly fifteen centimeters, one hundred and fifty
+
+159
+00:12:16,870 --> 00:12:21,030
+millimeters, fifteen centimeters. Okay, you might 
+
+160
+00:12:21,030 --> 00:12:23,230
+ask, is it the distance of deviation? No, it's the
+
+161
+00:12:23,230 --> 00:12:25,170
+distance, not deviation. The distance, not
+
+162
+00:12:25,170 --> 00:12:27,950
+deviation. By measuring the focal length of the
+
+163
+00:12:27,950 --> 00:12:31,390
+plus lens and measuring the focal length of the
+
+164
+00:12:31,390 --> 00:12:34,070
+minus lens, the focal length of the plus lens to 
+
+165
+00:12:34,070 --> 00:12:36,950
+the plus four is the focal length of twenty-five
+
+166
+00:12:36,950 --> 00:12:43,830
+centimeters.And the focal length of minus ten is
+
+167
+00:12:43,830 --> 00:12:47,030
+minus ten centimeters Twenty-five centimeters
+
+168
+00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:49,850
+minus ten centimeters is fifteen centimeters The
+
+169
+00:12:49,850 --> 00:12:53,230
+distance must be between the two to give me a 
+
+170
+00:12:53,230 --> 00:12:56,950
+focal system A focal system Here in the example 
+
+171
+00:12:56,950 --> 00:13:01,450
+that we hit a while ago We said that the focal 
+
+172
+00:13:01,450 --> 00:13:05,310
+length of plus two is the maximum distance of plus 
+
+173
+00:13:05,310 --> 00:13:08,230
+two which is fifty centimeters Fifty centimeters
+
+174
+00:13:09,020 --> 00:13:12,920
+And the distance of the minus 5 diopter lens is 
+
+175
+00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:16,800
+minus 20 centimeters. 50 centimeters minus 20 
+
+176
+00:13:16,800 --> 00:13:19,000
+centimeters, then the distance must be 30 
+
+177
+00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:21,080
+centimeters between the two. 
+
+178
+00:13:25,310 --> 00:13:28,530
+The posterior focus of this lens, not of the 
+
+179
+00:13:28,530 --> 00:13:31,810
+system, the system has no focus The posterior 
+
+180
+00:13:31,810 --> 00:13:35,170
+focus of this lens is applied to the anterior 
+
+181
+00:13:35,170 --> 00:13:38,090
+focus of this lens It is known that the anterior 
+
+182
+00:13:38,090 --> 00:13:43,290
+focus of the minus lens comes to its right The 
+
+183
+00:13:43,290 --> 00:13:47,270
+anterior F A on the right and this F B on the 
+
+184
+00:13:47,270 --> 00:13:52,070
+right So this F B is 50 cm away from it and this F 
+
+185
+00:13:52,070 --> 00:13:54,190
+A is 20 cm away from it So they are coming from 
+
+186
+00:13:54,190 --> 00:13:57,630
+the same point This is F F A for the minus lens 
+
+187
+00:13:57,630 --> 00:14:00,970
+and F B for the plus lens They have to come 
+
+188
+00:14:00,970 --> 00:14:05,550
+together to have the afocal system This afocal
+
+189
+00:14:05,550 --> 00:14:10,810
+system that we presentedor what we drew is called
+
+190
+00:14:10,810 --> 00:14:15,970
+Galilean telescope Galilean 
+
+191
+00:14:15,970 --> 00:14:21,270
+telescope which is named after the scientist
+
+192
+00:14:21,270 --> 00:14:25,490
+Galileo Galilei, but not the inventor Galileo 
+
+193
+00:14:25,490 --> 00:14:29,730
+Galilei So, in the Galilean telescope, which is
+
+194
+00:14:29,73
+
+223
+00:17:02,720 --> 00:17:08,700
+تاعة العدسة ال minusFa to the minus of the lens is 
+
+224
+00:17:08,700 --> 00:17:14,980
+equal to minus Unconditional
+
+225
+00:17:14,980 --> 00:17:18,660
+over I Because we want to depart from each other
+
+226
+00:17:18,660 --> 00:17:23,200
+First
+
+227
+00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,120
+let's say, but let's bring it as an absolute 
+
+228
+00:17:26,120 --> 00:17:32,300
+distance Unconditional over I And it is equal to
+
+229
+00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:44,500
+واحد على minus
+
+230
+00:17:44,500 --> 00:17:52,880
+عشرين ده يقدر ويساوي minus خمسة من مية متر يعني 
+
+231
+00:17:52,880 --> 00:18:01,470
+minus خمسة سانت، minus خمسة سانتSo, FP plus 10 cm
+
+232
+00:18:01,470 --> 00:18:05,910
+and FA minus 5 cm And if we want to avoid
+
+233
+00:18:05,910 --> 00:18:12,090
+confusion, these distances or these signals, we 
+
+234
+00:18:12,090 --> 00:18:15,690
+delay them for a very simple reason that FA of 
+
+235
+00:18:15,690 --> 00:18:18,230
+this lens is on the right, so if we put minus on
+
+236
+00:18:18,230 --> 00:18:21,090
+it, the situation will become confusing. But we 
+
+237
+00:18:21,090 --> 00:18:23,150
+say in the Galilean telescope
+
+238
+00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:29,860
+In Galilean telescope,
+
+239
+00:18:39,260 --> 00:18:44,230
+we set distancesset the distances, the distance
+
+240
+00:18:44,230 --> 00:18:46,890
+from the lens to the place is less than the 
+
+241
+00:18:46,890 --> 00:18:49,550
+distance from the lens to the place, so this is 
+
+242
+00:18:49,550 --> 00:18:51,810
+like a rule that relaxes us so the distance from
+
+243
+00:18:51,810 --> 00:18:55,890
+here is 5 cm and the distance from here is 10 cm,
+
+244
+00:18:56,030 --> 00:18:58,130
+we set them apart, so the length of the telescope 
+
+245
+00:18:58,130 --> 00:19:02,230
+must be 
+
+246
+00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:07,650
+the
+
+247
+00:19:07,650 --> 00:19:09,190
+length of the telescope must be
+
+248
+00:19:13,420 --> 00:19:18,400
+ten minus five equals five centimeters let's see
+
+249
+00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:22,180
+this talk this distance must be five centimeters
+
+250
+00:19:22,180 --> 00:19:24,860
+let's see this talk in simulation let's say this 
+
+251
+00:19:24,860 --> 00:19:39,000
+is the grid and here I have a lens plus ten and 
+
+252
+00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:40,440
+I want a lens minus 
+
+253
+00:19:48,930 --> 00:19:56,130
+Lens is minus 20mm The focal length will be minus 
+
+254
+00:19:56,130 --> 00:20:00,670
+5cm
+
+255
+00:20:00,670 --> 00:20:04,550
+which is 50mm And I want the distance between them
+
+256
+00:20:04,550 --> 00:20:10,190
+to be 5cm
+
+257
+00:20:10,190 --> 00:20:15,970
+only This is 10cm and I want it to be 5cm
+
+258
+00:20:27,690 --> 00:20:42,270
+so that the measurement is even we are 
+
+259
+00:20:42,270 --> 00:20:48,410
+still less than 5 cm this 
+
+260
+00:20:48,410 --> 00:20:55,870
+is 5 cm now what is required is to take
+
+261
+00:20:55,870 --> 00:20:56,170
+a parallel beam 
+
+262
+00:21:04,630 --> 00:21:14,890
+and reduce its density to know that the 
+
+263
+00:21:14,890 --> 00:21:27,050
+rays will be exactly parallel to each other
+
+264
+00:21:27,050 --> 00:21:28,810
+exactly parallel to each other exactly parallel to 
+
+265
+00:21:28,810 --> 00:21:30,570
+zero exactly parallel to
+
+266
+00:21:35,910 --> 00:21:37,510
+That's how we enlarged the picture a little,
+
+267
+00:21:37,890 --> 00:21:39,590
+exactly it came to zero and came to five
+
+268
+00:21:39,590 --> 00:21:42,510
+centimeters, the rays that came out are parallel 
+
+269
+00:21:42,510 --> 00:21:46,070
+to each other, parallel to each other, so that's 
+
+270
+00:21:46,070 --> 00:21:51,270
+how the Galilean telescope is five centimeters 
+
+271
+00:21:51,270 --> 00:21:55,680
+long, five centimeters long, so this isThe
+
+272
+00:21:55,680 --> 00:21:58,280
+Galilean telescope, the Galilean telescope Is 
+
+273
+00:21:58,280 --> 00:22:00,960
+there another type of telescope? Yes, there is
+
+274
+00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:04,460
+another type of telescope which is the Keplerian 
+
+275
+00:22:04,460 --> 00:22:09,670
+telescope, the Keplerian telescopeThe lenses in it
+
+276
+00:22:09,670 --> 00:22:14,670
+are all plus. Before we start with the Keplerian
+
+277
+00:22:14,670 --> 00:22:16,890
+telescope, we want to say that the Galilean 
+
+278
+00:22:16,890 --> 00:22:20,050
+telescope is composed of a plus lens, they call it
+
+279
+00:22:20,050 --> 00:22:22,670
+objective, which is directed towards the object
+
+280
+00:22:22,670 --> 00:22:25,670
+that the person is looking at, objective lens,
+
+281
+00:22:26,270 --> 00:22:27,210
+objective lens
+
+282
+00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:40,340
+وهنا بسموها eyepiece lens، يعني اللي بحط الإنسان
+
+283
+00:22:40,340 --> 00:22:43,740
+الفاحس عليها عين، eyepiece lens
+
+284
+00:22:47,700 --> 00:22:51,040
+So here if we look in the telescope, we put our
+
+285
+00:22:51,040 --> 00:22:54,460
+eye here and look in it, and this is the lens 
+
+286
+00:22:54,460 --> 00:22:57,660
+directed to the object, directed to the object Of 
+
+287
+00:22:57,660 --> 00:23:00,740
+course, always and forever, always and forever,
+
+288
+00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:05,620
+the objective lens is plus and its force is less
+
+289
+00:23:05,620 --> 00:23:08,920
+than the eyepiece lens which is minus, which is 
+
+290
+00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:13,500
+minus So the objective lens is low power plus, low
+
+291
+00:23:13,500 --> 00:23:17,300
+power plus, and here it is high power minushigh 
+
+292
+00:23:17,300 --> 00:23:20,340
+power minus in the Galilean telescope. Let's see 
+
+293
+00:23:20,340 --> 00:23:21,760
+what's different between the Keplerian telescope
+
+294
+00:23:21,760 --> 00:23:25,760
+and the Galilean telescope. Let's see this case. 
+
+295
+00:23:26,280 --> 00:23:31,560
+This is a grid. This means I have a plus lens. 
+
+296
+00:23:40,240 --> 00:23:42,020
+Let's make a duplication.
+
+297
+00:23:58,900 --> 00:24:05,780
+this is the lens, we want to make it for example 5 
+
+298
+00:24:05,780 --> 00:24:10,560
+diopters, so it should be 250mm
+
+299
+00:24:10,560 --> 00:24:14,620
+and this is 10 diopters and this is 10 diopters, 
+
+300
+00:24:15,060 --> 00:24:18,780
+we want to see what distances we want to make of 
+
+301
+00:24:18,780 --> 00:24:21,780
+course the distance between the two lenses to get 
+
+302
+00:24:21,780 --> 00:24:27,060
+a Keplerian telescope it should be the total focal 
+
+303
+00:24:27,060 --> 00:24:34,580
+length of itFor plus 5, the focal length is 25 cm,
+
+304
+00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:38,600
+and for plus 10, the focal length is 10 cm, which 
+
+305
+00:24:38,600 --> 00:24:43,480
+is 25 cm, plus 10 cm, which is 35 cm. We see that 
+
+306
+00:24:43,480 --> 00:24:47,620
+we need to make the distance between them equal to 
+
+307
+00:24:47,620 --> 00:24:49,080
+35 cm.
+
+308
+00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:56,060
+they give me a Keplerian telescope Keplerian
+
+309
+00:24:56,060 --> 00:25:00,760
+telescope, as we will see in a while The distance 
+
+310
+00:25:00,760 --> 00:25:05,280
+is still not equal to thirty-five centimeters
+
+311
+00:25:05,280 --> 00:25:09,720
+Let's move this lens away from thirty-five 
+
+312
+00:25:09,720 --> 00:25:10,380
+centimeters
+
+313
+00:25:17,120 --> 00:25:22,580
+now the distance between them is 35 cm, we need a 
+
+314
+00:25:22,580 --> 00:25:26,160
+beam of light
+
+315
+00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:31,320
+to 
+
+316
+00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:36,740
+reduce its density and enlarge the image a little 
+
+317
+00:25:45,750 --> 00:25:49,770
+zoom in to see the rays 
+
+318
+00:25:54,960 --> 00:25:59,960
+كيف طلعت عندي متوازية مع بعضها البعض متوازية مع
+
+319
+00:25:59,960 --> 00:26:04,200
+بعضها البعض إذا عندي دخلت متوازية وخرجت متوازية
+
+320
+00:26:04,200 --> 00:26:08,980
+المسافة في حالة ال Keplerian telescope في حالة ال
+
+321
+00:26:08,980 --> 00:26:12,320
+Keplerian telescope تساوي ال focal length بتاع
+
+322
+00:26:12,320 --> 00:26:15,420
+العدسة ال plus الأولى زائد ال focal length بتاع 
+
+323
+00:26:15,420 --> 00:26:20,420
+العدسة ال plus التانية إذا FP بتاع العدسة الأولى
+
+324
+00:26:20,420 --> 00:26:25,190
+ينطبق على FA بتاع العدسات التانيةIn the case of
+
+325
+00:26:25,190 --> 00:26:28,450
+the Galilean telescope, it's the same thing Fb of
+
+326
+00:26:28,450 --> 00:26:34,600
+the first lens Fb of the first lens hereof the 
+
+327
+00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:38,160
+plus lens is equivalent to the F of the minus lens
+
+328
+00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:41,600
+F of the minus lens on its right opposite of the 
+
+329
+00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:45,200
+plus lens opposite of the plus lens So it is
+
+330
+00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:48,460
+necessary that the posterior focus of the first
+
+331
+00:26:48,460 --> 00:26:50,940
+lens is equivalent to the anterior focus of the
+
+332
+00:26:50,940 --> 00:26:55,420
+second lens This is called Galilean telescope and
+
+333
+00:26:55,420 --> 00:26:59,100
+this is called Keplerian telescope The differences
+
+334
+00:26:59,100 --> 00:27:04,190
+between them is that the Galilean telescopeThe
+
+335
+00:27:04,190 --> 00:27:10,510
+Galilean telescope has a plus lens and a minus 
+
+336
+00:27:10,510 --> 00:27:13,790
+lens. The Keplerian telescope has two plus lenses. 
+
+337
+00:27:14,780 --> 00:27:19,080
+Okay, the objective always in both is plus and low
+
+338
+00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:23,760
+power The objective always, the objective lens in
+
+339
+00:27:23,760 --> 00:27:27,820
+both, in both is considered plus and low power The
+
+340
+00:27:27,820 --> 00:27:32,000
+IBS lens in the Galilean telescope is minus and
+
+341
+00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:36,700
+high power In the Keplerian telescope is plus and
+
+342
+00:27:36,700 --> 00:27:41,580
+high power, plus and high power So these are the 
+
+343
+00:27:41,580 --> 00:27:46,110
+differences between themin length, the Galilean is 
+
+344
+00:27:46,110 --> 00:27:49,130
+shorter and the Keplerian is longer the Galilean
+
+345
+00:27:49,130 --> 00:27:51,850
+is shorter and the Keplerian is longer here its 
+
+346
+00:27:51,850 --> 00:27:55,470
+length is 35 cm which is the Keplerian telescope
+
+347
+00:27:55,470 --> 00:27:59,510
+if we imagine this I piece which is 10 diopters we
+
+348
+00:27:59,510 --> 00:28:03,170
+have to make it minus 10 diopters minus 10
+
+349
+00:28:03,170 --> 00:28:07,270
+dioptersExcuse me, minus one hundred millimeters,
+
+350
+00:28:07,530 --> 00:28:11,130
+which is minus ten centimeters, so I have minus 
+
+351
+00:28:11,130 --> 00:28:13,650
+ten degrees. The length of the Keplerian was
+
+352
+00:28:13,650 --> 00:28:16,190
+thirty-five centimeters. The Galilean, which has
+
+353
+00:28:16,190 --> 00:28:19,890
+the same force, but its lens is Ibs minus, will 
+
+354
+00:28:19,890 --> 00:28:30,570
+have25 minus 10 will be 15 cm and therefore the
+
+355
+00:28:30,570 --> 00:28:35,870
+rays will be parallel. So if we bring a Galilean
+
+356
+00:28:35,870 --> 00:28:38,410
+telescope and a Keplerian telescope with the same
+
+357
+00:28:38,410 --> 00:28:40,450
+force, of course, the difference is that in the
+
+358
+00:28:40,450 --> 00:28:43,690
+Galilean the I is minus and the Galilean is much
+
+359
+00:28:43,690 --> 00:28:47,200
+smaller.from the Keplerian telescope, from the 
+
+360
+00:28:47,200 --> 00:28:51,740
+Keplerian telescope, so this case should be clear
+
+361
+00:28:51,740 --> 00:28:54,140
+to me, should be clear to me Now there are 
+
+362
+00:28:54,140 --> 00:28:57,100
+differences or there are things that distinguish
+
+363
+00:28:57,100 --> 00:29:01,660
+these focal systems Of course, the Keplerian
+
+364
+00:29:01,660 --> 00:29:05,180
+telescope was invented by Johannes Kepler,
+
+365
+00:29:05,380 --> 00:29:08,740
+Johannes Kepler Okay, then consider an optical
+
+366
+00:29:08,740 --> 00:29:12,980
+system consisting of two thin lenses in air, as
+
+367
+00:29:12,980 --> 00:29:17,870
+the drawing showsThe lens powers are plus 2 
+
+368
+00:29:17,870 --> 00:29:23,910
+diopter and minus 5 diopter respectively. Where is
+
+369
+00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:28,270
+FB for this system? مش للنس واحدة منه ولكن for
+
+370
+00:29:28,270 --> 00:29:33,070
+this system the posterior focal point هي المكان
+
+371
+00:29:33,070 --> 00:29:37,640
+اللي ال incoming parallel rays focusHowever, as
+
+372
+00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:40,840
+ray tracing demonstrates, rays entering the system
+
+373
+00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:44,320
+parallel to the optical axis emerge parallel to 
+
+374
+00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:57,160
+the optical axis This system
+
+375
+00:29:57,160 --> 00:30:01,360
+has no focal points. In other words, it is a focal
+
+376
+00:30:01,360 --> 00:30:06,500
+systemIf an object is placed two meters in front 
+
+377
+00:30:06,500 --> 00:30:09,560
+of the first lens, where is the image and what is 
+
+378
+00:30:09,560 --> 00:30:13,620
+the transfer's magnification? طبعا لو حسبنا ال
+
+379
+00:30:13,620 --> 00:30:17,280
+transfer's magnification بال Virgin's calculation
+
+380
+00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:21,320
+لو قولنا هذا ال system هذا ال system a focal
+
+381
+00:30:21,320 --> 00:30:25,120
+system وعندي
+
+382
+00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:30,740
+object object على بعد meter
+
+383
+00:30:34,060 --> 00:30:43,500
+On a distance of one meter And I 
+
+384
+00:30:43,500 --> 00:30:47,900
+want to calculate the total transfer magnification
+
+385
+00:30:47,900 --> 00:30:52,120
+of the last image of the object I want to use the 
+
+386
+00:30:52,120 --> 00:30:55,180
+vergence calculationOkay, the divergence
+
+387
+00:30:55,180 --> 00:30:58,520
+calculation will take a long time and each one of 
+
+388
+00:30:58,520 --> 00:31:01,540
+us who learned a lot or took many lessons on this
+
+389
+00:31:01,540 --> 00:31:05,160
+topic can do this problem at home The result will 
+
+390
+00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:08,480
+be that the total transference magnification is 4
+
+391
+00:31:08,480 --> 00:31:14,340
+out of 10 in case the body is 2 meters or 1 meter
+
+392
+00:31:14,340 --> 00:31:17,180
+and if we put it on 2 meters it will be 4 out of 
+
+393
+00:31:17,180 --> 00:31:20,340
+10 and if we put it on 3 meters it will be 4 out
+
+394
+00:31:20,340 --> 00:31:23,300
+of 10 then the magnification of these systems 
+
+395
+00:31:24,070 --> 00:31:26,970
+Fixed, fixed, if I have a certain amount of
+
+396
+00:31:26,970 --> 00:31:30,490
+magnification, I will keep it fixed regardless of 
+
+397
+00:31:30,490 --> 00:31:33,530
+the location of the object what changed So it's 
+
+398
+00:31:33,530 --> 00:31:36,910
+different from the normal optical systems that 
+
+399
+00:31:36,910 --> 00:31:39,270
+first thing it doesn't have cardinal points and
+
+400
+00:31:39,270 --> 00:31:42,210
+second thing it doesn't have focal points It
+
+401
+00:31:42,210 --> 00:31:44,350
+doesn't have cardinal points at all, so therefore 
+
+402
+00:31:44,350 --> 00:31:47,330
+no focal points, no nodal points, no principal
+
+403
+00:31:47,330 --> 00:31:51,440
+pointsOkay, we say as usual, this system that we
+
+404
+00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:55,380
+proposed and that we said the first lens is plus 5 
+
+405
+00:31:55,380 --> 00:31:58,200
+diopter or plus 2 diopter and the second lens is 
+
+406
+00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:01,080
+minus 5 diopter and we named it Galilean telescope 
+
+407
+00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:03,660
+and the distance between the two lenses is 30 
+
+408
+00:32:03,660 --> 00:32:08,540
+centimeters, it will give me a magnification of 4 
+
+409
+00:32:08,540 --> 00:32:14,840
+out of tenFour out of ten. Very good. So wherever
+
+410
+00:32:14,840 --> 00:32:17,600
+the object stands, whether it's one meter, two
+
+411
+00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:21,520
+meters, three meters, ten meters, twenty meters, 
+
+412
+00:32:21,960 --> 00:32:24,340
+regardless of the distance of the object, the
+
+413
+00:32:24,340 --> 00:32:27,020
+magnification will remain four out of tenطيب احنا
+
+414
+00:32:27,020 --> 00:32:30,540
+اذا فاكرين حكينا ما ح
+
+445
+00:34:34,930 --> 00:34:38,120
+principal plane if I have only one magnitude? هل
+
+446
+00:34:38,120 --> 00:34:41,840
+على بعض نص متر، عبعد متر، عبعد عشرين سانتي، عبعد
+
+447
+00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:44,620
+خمسة سانتي، عبعد واحد ملي، كله بيعطيني
+
+448
+00:34:44,620 --> 00:34:48,780
+magnification one، اذا مافيش عندي principal planes
+
+449
+00:34:48,780 --> 00:34:53,840
+In general، و هذه الكلمة بتلخص كل شيء عن ال .. ال
+
+450
+00:34:53,840 --> 00:34:57,660
+focal .. ال .. a focal systems A focal systems do
+
+451
+00:34:57,660 --> 00:35:01,880
+not have cardinal points Do not have cardinal
+
+452
+00:35:01,880 --> 00:35:06,980
+points A focal systems are used clinically as
+
+453
+00:35:06,980 --> 00:35:16,540
+telescopes and low or low vision aids The
+
+454
+00:35:16,540 --> 00:35:29,620
+two 
+
+455
+00:35:29,620 --> 00:35:32,840
+basic types of telescopes are Galilean telescope
+
+456
+00:35:33,690 --> 00:35:37,930
+named for, but not invented by Galileo, of course,
+
+457
+00:35:38,170 --> 00:35:40,810
+it is called with respect and appreciation to the
+
+458
+00:35:40,810 --> 00:35:44,390
+scientist Galileo Galilei, of course, it is not
+
+459
+00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:47,170
+him who invented it and the Keplerian telescope,
+
+460
+00:35:47,690 --> 00:35:52,250
+which is an astronomical telescope, which is used
+
+461
+00:35:52,250 --> 00:35:57,390
+in space mostly, was invented by Johannes Kepler,
+
+462
+00:35:57,890 --> 00:36:01,380
+so this case is very important to be clear The
+
+463
+00:36:01,380 --> 00:36:04,680
+Galilean telescope consists of two lenses. The
+
+464
+00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:07,380
+first lens, which is the objective lens, is always
+
+465
+00:36:07,380 --> 00:36:13,340
+positive and usually has low power, whereas the
+
+466
+00:36:13,340 --> 00:36:16,580
+second lens, the eyepiece or ocular, is always
+
+467
+00:36:16,580 --> 00:36:21,630
+negative and usually has high power. The lenses are
+
+468
+00:36:21,630 --> 00:36:24,690
+separated by the difference in their focal lengths 
+
+469
+00:36:24,690 --> 00:36:27,690
+. الان في ال Galilean telescope المسافة بين
+
+470
+00:36:27,690 --> 00:36:31,750
+العدستين هي حاصل الفرق الفرق بين ال two focal
+
+471
+00:36:31,750 --> 00:36:34,910
+lengths ده العدسة ال plus و العدسة ال minus The
+
+472
+00:36:34,910 --> 00:36:37,910
+focal system depicted in the previous figure is
+
+473
+00:36:37,910 --> 00:36:40,790
+Galilean telescope اللي هو عرضناه كمثال في الأول
+
+474
+00:36:40,790 --> 00:36:46,270
+هذا Galilean telescope هذا Galilean telescope أيضا
+
+475
+00:36:46,270 --> 00:36:49,150
+المثال التاني اللي رسمناه مع بعض هو Galilean
+
+476
+00:36:49,150 --> 00:36:49,770
+telescope
+
+477
+00:36:53,210 --> 00:36:56,610
+The Galilean telescope is also used in some slit
+
+478
+00:36:56,610 --> 00:36:57,930
+lamp biomicroscope
+
+479
+00:37:10,350 --> 00:37:13,450
+this is a Galilean telescope this is a Galilean
+
+480
+00:37:13,450 --> 00:37:17,490
+telescope the Keplerian telescope also consists of
+
+481
+00:37:17,490 --> 00:37:22,250
+two lenses a low power objective lens and high
+
+482
+00:37:22,250 --> 00:37:26,050
+power ocular lens or eyepiece lens but both are
+
+483
+00:37:26,050 --> 00:37:28,890
+positive and this is different from the Galilean
+
+484
+00:37:28,890 --> 00:37:32,130
+telescope and separated by the sum of their focal
+
+485
+00:37:32,130 --> 00:37:34,490
+length the distance between the two lenses in the
+
+486
+00:37:34,490 --> 00:37:38,950
+Keplerian telescope is the sum of the focal length
+
+487
+00:37:38,950 --> 00:37:42,750
+of the first lens which is the objective lens with
+
+488
+00:37:42,750 --> 00:37:48,890
+the focal length of the eyepiece lens which is the
+
+489
+00:37:48,890 --> 00:37:53,070
+total focal length of both lenses. Of course, here
+
+490
+00:37:53,070 --> 00:37:55,790
+the image in the Galilean telescope is erect
+
+491
+00:37:55,790 --> 00:38:00,390
+magnified, a normal image, while in the Keplerian
+
+492
+00:38:00,390 --> 00:38:03,970
+telescope the image is inverted. The image is
+
+493
+00:38:03,970 --> 00:38:07,410
+inverted, as the picture shows, it is 2 plus.
+
+494
+00:38:07,960 --> 00:38:11,200
+lenses, objective lens, this one is directed
+
+495
+00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:16,240
+towards 
+
+496
+00:38:16,240 --> 00:38:19,680
+the stars and planets and towards space, and this
+
+497
+00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:23,440
+astronomical eyepiece lens which a person puts his
+
+498
+00:38:23,440 --> 00:38:25,780
+eye and watches from it, so when it is directed
+
+499
+00:38:25,780 --> 00:38:28,460
+towards the moon or the planet or a star or 
+
+500
+00:38:28,460 --> 00:38:32,480
+something similar, parallel rays come and make a
+
+501
+00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:37,830
+picture reversed to this planet or star or space 
+
+502
+00:38:37,830 --> 00:38:41,450
+object, and we look at this reversed image that
+
+503
+00:38:41,450 --> 00:38:43,990
+forms another image on the eye network that we
+
+504
+00:38:43,990 --> 00:38:47,610
+perceive, so the image is inverted in the
+
+505
+00:38:47,610 --> 00:38:50,710
+astronomical or Keplerian telescope, in the
+
+506
+00:38:50,710 --> 00:38:57,420
+Keplerian telescope To compare, in the beginning of
+
+507
+00:38:57,420 --> 00:39:00,720
+the lecture, we used plus 2 diopter with minus 5
+
+508
+00:39:00,720 --> 00:39:05,300
+diopter Now, we use Keplerian telescope, as in 
+
+509
+00:39:05,300 --> 00:39:08,720
+Galilean Keplerian telescope, we use plus 2
+
+510
+00:39:08,720 --> 00:39:13,280
+diopter and plus 5 diopter trial lens from the
+
+511
+00:39:13,280 --> 00:39:16,380
+trial set, from the lens bag And we distance them,
+
+512
+00:39:16,460 --> 00:39:19,500
+this focal length is 20 cm and this focal length 
+
+513
+00:39:19,500 --> 00:39:24,970
+is 50 cm, so to make a Keplerian telescope 20 cm
+
+514
+00:39:24,970 --> 00:39:29,170
+and 50 cm, the distance should be 70 cm between
+
+515
+00:39:29,170 --> 00:39:32,930
+the two lenses. We will see this in the
+
+516
+00:39:32,930 --> 00:39:34,830
+simulation, we will see how it will turn out with 
+
+517
+00:39:34,830 --> 00:39:38,330
+us. This is reset, this is grid. We have a lens
+
+518
+00:39:38,330 --> 00:39:46,910
+plus two diopters. This is not a lens. This is a
+
+519
+00:39:46,910 --> 00:39:48,510
+lens plus two diopters.
+
+520
+00:39:57,750 --> 00:40:01,650
+We are going 
+
+521
+00:40:01,650 --> 00:40:04,530
+to adjust their strength, but first this lens has
+
+522
+00:40:04,530 --> 00:40:09,030
+to be 2 diopters, which means 50 cm or 500 mm, and
+
+523
+00:40:09,030 --> 00:40:11,210
+this will be
+
+524
+00:40:14,690 --> 00:40:16,550
+Twenty centimeters means two hundred millimeters,
+
+525
+00:40:16,730 --> 00:40:18,730
+which means five diopters. So this is two diopters
+
+526
+00:40:18,730 --> 00:40:21,590
+and this is five diopters. The distance between
+
+527
+00:40:21,590 --> 00:40:23,610
+them is supposed to be seventy centimeters because
+
+528
+00:40:23,610 --> 00:40:26,490
+the focal length is two hundred millimeters and
+
+529
+00:40:26,490 --> 00:40:28,750
+five hundred millimeters, which means seven
+
+530
+00:40:28,750 --> 00:40:30,010
+hundred millimeters, which means seventy 
+
+531
+00:40:30,010 --> 00:40:31,910
+centimeters. There must be a difference between
+
+532
+00:40:31,910 --> 00:40:36,150
+them to get a Keplerian telescope. To get a
+
+533
+00:40:36,150 --> 00:40:37,390
+Keplerian telescope.
+
+534
+00:40:40,190 --> 00:40:44,990
+Let's see the ruler. It will help me in this case
+
+535
+00:40:44,990 --> 00:41:00,090
+so we tried from 700 ml we move it like this and 
+
+536
+00:41:00,090 --> 00:41:04,530
+we bring the goal to zero and we bring here to
+
+537
+00:41:04,530 --> 00:41:05,710
+700 ml
+
+538
+00:41:11,030 --> 00:41:14,590
+70 cm which is the total focal length of the first 
+
+539
+00:41:14,590 --> 00:41:17,130
+lens, the objective and eyepiece of course our eye
+
+540
+00:41:17,130 --> 00:41:21,650
+should be here and the planet should be in this 
+
+541
+00:41:21,650 --> 00:41:24,630
+direction here this lens is directed towards the
+
+542
+00:41:24,630 --> 00:41:28,290
+planet let's see the beam of ray coming from a 
+
+543
+00:41:28,290 --> 00:41:37,970
+distant planet how does it work let's
+
+544
+00:41:37,970 --> 00:41:42,640
+reduce the intensity of the rays إذن الأشعة خرجت 
+
+545
+00:41:42,640 --> 00:41:47,380
+parallel، دخلت parallel وخرجت parallel وبالتالي
+
+546
+00:41:47,380 --> 00:41:51,860
+هذا
+
+547
+00:41:51,860 --> 00:41:54,880
+a focal system، هذا Keplerian telescope، هذا
+
+548
+00:41:54,880 --> 00:41:59,980
+Keplerian telescope، بنقدر نعمل or we build a
+
+549
+00:41:59,980 --> 00:42:03,460
+Keplerian telescope using plus two diopters and
+
+550
+00:42:03,460 --> 00:42:06,980
+plus
+
+551
+00:42:06,980 --> 00:42:09,460
+five diopters and leave a distance between them of 
+
+552
+00:42:09,460 --> 00:42:12,480
+seventy centimeters now to calculate the
+
+553
+00:42:12,480 --> 00:42:15,480
+transference magnification we said that the
+
+554
+00:42:15,480 --> 00:42:17,800
+transference magnification is constant the
+
+555
+00:42:17,800 --> 00:42:20,020
+transference magnification is constant as long as 
+
+556
+00:42:20,020 --> 00:42:22,020
+the transference magnification is constant there 
+
+557
+00:42:22,020 --> 00:42:27,640
+is no need for me to keep taking I say U and V and
+
+558
+00:42:27,640 --> 00:42:32,620
+then I divide TM1 by U by V and then I get TM2 by 
+
+559
+00:42:32,620 --> 00:42:35,940
+U by V and I multiply TM1 by TM2 Scientists found
+
+560
+00:42:35,940 --> 00:42:39,780
+a very simple equation for transference 
+
+561
+00:42:39,780 --> 00:42:49,080
+magnification for telescopes Transference 
+
+562
+00:42:49,080 --> 00:42:53,140
+magnification is the power of the eyepiece over
+
+563
+00:42:53,140 --> 00:42:58,320
+the power of the object ويسوء الـ focal length بتاع
+
+564
+00:42:58,320 --> 00:43:02,100
+الـ eyepiece على ال focal length بتاع الobjective 
+
+565
+00:43:02,100 --> 00:43:06,880
+بتاع الobjective إذا ل transfers magnification ال 
+
+566
+00:43:06,880 --> 00:43:09,580
+power بتاعة ال eyepiece على ال power بتاعة ال
+
+567
+00:43:09,580 --> 00:43:10,060
+objective
+
+568
+00:43:13,100 --> 00:43:16,280
+No, sorry, this is the angular magnification, this 
+
+569
+00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:18,720
+is the angular magnification The angular
+
+570
+00:43:18,720 --> 00:43:23,220
+magnification is not the axis that transfers
+
+571
+00:43:23,220 --> 00:43:25,480
+magnification, we need to correct it here The
+
+572
+00:43:25,480 --> 00:43:29,800
+angular magnification equals the power of the 
+
+573
+00:43:29,800 --> 00:43:33,840
+eyepiece over the power of the objective Or equals
+
+574
+00:43:33,840 --> 00:43:36,980
+the focal length the power of the objective over
+
+575
+00:43:36,980 --> 00:43:39,920
+the focal length of the eyepiece this is angular
+
+576
+00:43:39,920 --> 00:43:45,260
+magnification now for transverse magnification for 
+
+577
+00:43:45,260 --> 00:43:47,780
+transverse magnification it is equal to the
+
+578
+00:43:47,780 --> 00:43:54,080
+opposite the power of the objective over
+
+579
+00:43:54,080 --> 00:44:00,740
+the power of the eyepiece and
+
+580
+00:44:00,740 --> 00:44:08,890
+it is equal to The focal length of the eyepiece on 
+
+581
+00:44:08,890 --> 00:44:16,650
+the focal length of the object It
+
+582
+00:44:16,650 --> 00:44:19,230
+is very important to make sure of the type of
+
+583
+00:44:19,230 --> 00:44:23,370
+magnification So the magnification here for 
+
+584
+00:44:23,370 --> 00:44:26,630
+transfers magnification I will give it a different
+
+585
+00:44:34,280 --> 00:44:37,320
+Version's calculation without any calculations
+
+586
+00:45:08,490 --> 00:45:11,630
+so the angular magnification is the power of the 
+
+587
+00:45:11,630 --> 00:45:15,210
+eyepiece over the power of the objective or the
+
+588
+00:45:15,210 --> 00:45:17,390
+focal length of the objective over the focal 
+
+589
+00:45:17,390 --> 00:45:19,910
+length of the eyepiece for the transverse
+
+590
+00:45:19,910 --> 00:45:22,410
+magnification it is exactly the opposite, the
+
+591
+00:45:22,410 --> 00:45:23,930
+position becomes the lowest and the lowest becomes
+
+592
+00:45:23,930 --> 00:45:25,730
+the highest, that is, the power of the objective
+
+593
+00:45:25,730 --> 00:45:28,850
+over the power of the eyepiece or the focal length 
+
+594
+00:45:28,850 --> 00:45:30,890
+of the eyepiece over the focal length of the
+
+595
+00:45:30,890 --> 00:45:33,930
+objective the opposite of magnification is the
+
+596
+00:45:33,930 --> 00:45:35,370
+transverse magnification
+
+597
+00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:53,380
+and this is known to us since a long time ago now 
+
+598
+00:45:53,380 --> 00:45:58,740
+there is a third thing
+
+599
+00:45:58,740 --> 00:46:05,220
+that transfers magnification is equal to one over
+
+600
+00:46:05,220 --> 00:46:06,940
+the angular magnification
+
+601
+00:46:14,190 --> 00:46:14,970
+Also,
+
+602
+00:46:18,790 --> 00:46:25,890
+the angular magnification is
+
+603
+00:46:25,890 --> 00:46:31,410
+equal to 1 over the transverse magnification Both 
+
+604
+00:46:31,410 --> 00:46:34,590
+are confused with each other, but we will give
+
+605
+00:46:34,590 --> 00:46:41,600
+them a loan to clarify the picture transfers
+
+606
+00:46:41,600 --> 00:46:45,720
+magnification I can get it by powers and I can get
+
+607
+00:46:45,720 --> 00:46:49,320
+it by focal length or I can get it if I know 
+
+608
+00:46:49,320 --> 00:46:51,940
+angular magnification I can say transfers
+
+609
+00:46:51,940 --> 00:46:54,040
+magnification is converted to angular
+
+610
+00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:58,060
+magnification so these are many equations in 
+
+611
+00:46:58,060 --> 00:47:02,440
+magnification I can use any one of them and
+
+612
+00:47:02,440 --> 00:47:07,180
+inshallah in this lecture we will take examples on
+
+613
+00:47:07,690 --> 00:47:11,350
+the method of calculation or practical examples of
+
+614
+00:47:11,350 --> 00:47:15,990
+calculation of magnification of these telescopes, 
+
+615
+00:47:16,250 --> 00:47:18,690
+whether the Galilean telescope or the Keplerian 
+
+616
+00:47:18,690 --> 00:47:21,790
+telescope. The last thing I want to say is that
+
+617
+00:47:21,790 --> 00:47:29,710
+our picture is reversed in ..
+
+618
+00:47:29,710 --> 00:47:34,290
+our picture is reversed in the telescope which is
+
+619
+00:47:34,290 --> 00:47:35,750
+the Keplerian telescope
+
+620
+00:47:38,560 --> 00:47:42,460
+وهدا مش مشكلة كبيرة، بتم وضع برزمات داخل ال
+
+621
+00:47:42,460 --> 00:47:48,300
+telescope اللي تعدل الصورة و بتعمل على يعني انها
+
+622
+00:47:48,300 --> 00:47:52,420
+تخلي الصورة معتدلة و ليست inverted، و ليست
+
+623
+00:47:52,420 --> 00:47:56,000
+inverted، فبالتالي هذا القضية For a focal system,
+
+624
+00:47:56,320 --> 00:47:59,340
+telescopes such as the Galilean and Keplerian 
+
+625
+00:47:59,340 --> 00:48:02,790
+telescope, the focal point of objective lens and
+
+626
+00:48:02,790 --> 00:48:06,070
+the focal point of the ocular lens are in the same
+
+627
+00:48:06,070 --> 00:48:06,510
+position
+
+628
+00:48:25,860 --> 00:48:28,700
+Each form of telescope has advantages and 
+
+629
+00:48:28,700 --> 00:48:35,980
+disadvantages The 
+
+630
+00:48:35,980 --> 00:48:38,540
+advantage of Galilean telescope is that it
+
+631
+00:48:38,540 --> 00:48:40,360
+produces an upright image
+
+632
+00:48:45,870 --> 00:48:49,270
+يعني الصورة معتادة تاني حاجة ال telescope short
+
+633
+00:48:49,270 --> 00:48:53,570
+يعني قصير و هذا يعني بيخليه ممكن يوضع في الجيبة
+
+634
+00:48:53,570 --> 00:48:56,970
+ممكن يوضع في شانطة صغيرة إلى آخرين then telescope
+
+635
+00:48:56,970 --> 00:49:01,170
+these features make Galilean telescope popular as
+
+636
+00:49:01,170 --> 00:49:04,410
+spectacle mounted ممكن يتثبت على النضارة ممكن
+
+637
+00:49:04,410 --> 00:49:11,770
+يتثبت على النضارة لو شفنا هنا spectacle
+
+638
+00:49:17,620 --> 00:49:21,100
+Mounted Galilean Telescope 
+
+639
+00:49:30,320 --> 00:49:32,860
+This is a Galilean telescope fixed on glasses 
+
+640
+00:49:32,860 --> 00:49:39,040
+until people or people who suffer from low vision 
+
+641
+00:49:39,040 --> 00:49
+
+667
+00:51:30,050 --> 00:51:32,830
+rays that are collected line up inside the eye of
+
+668
+00:51:32,830 --> 00:51:34,670
+the observer, inside the eye of the observer,
+
+669
+00:51:35,050 --> 00:51:40,390
+while in the Galilean telescope في عدسة مشتتة عندي 
+
+670
+00:51:40,390 --> 00:51:44,630
+في عدسة مشتتة فبالتالي ممكن افقد جزء من هذا الضوء 
+
+671
+00:51:44,630 --> 00:51:47,870
+جزء من هذا الضوء اذا conversely the Keplerian
+
+672
+00:51:47,870 --> 00:51:52,390
+telescope uses light more efficiently يعني بيستخدم
+
+673
+00:51:52,390 --> 00:51:56,550
+الضوء او الضوء اللى داخل فيه بيستفيد منه بشكل اكثر
+
+674
+00:51:56,550 --> 00:52:00,730
+كفاءة لإنه عدساته كلها plus عدساته كلها plus
+
+675
+00:52:00,730 --> 00:52:04,210
+فبالتالي هذه القضية هذا in the Keplerian design
+
+676
+00:52:04,210 --> 00:52:11,920
+all the light all the light all the light from an 
+
+677
+00:52:11,920 --> 00:52:14,880
+object point collected by the objective lens
+
+678
+00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:18,400
+ultimately in the end enters the eye because all
+
+679
+00:52:18,400 --> 00:52:21,880
+the lenses are lost in the Galilean design some of 
+
+680
+00:52:21,880 --> 00:52:25,960
+the light collected by objective is lost why is it 
+
+681
+00:52:25,960 --> 00:52:30,200
+lost? because the other lenses العدسة الأولى جمعت
+
+682
+00:52:30,200 --> 00:52:33,980
+في ال Galilean telescope، العدسة الأولى جمعت 
+
+683
+00:52:33,980 --> 00:52:36,800
+والتانية شتتت، فبالتالي مش كل الضوء بيدخل في 
+
+684
+00:52:36,800 --> 00:52:41,040
+العين، بعضه بيتشتت، مش مرسوم هنا عندي، بس بعضه
+
+685
+00:52:41,040 --> 00:52:41,960
+بيتشتت
+
+686
+00:52:44,670 --> 00:52:49,770
+All the light from an object point collected by
+
+687
+00:52:49,770 --> 00:52:53,230
+the objective lens ultimately enters the eye. In
+
+688
+00:52:53,230 --> 00:52:56,770
+the Galilean design, some of the light collected
+
+689
+00:52:56,770 --> 00:53:02,850
+by the objective lens is lost. Because astronomical
+
+690
+00:53:02,850 --> 00:53:06,390
+observation is largely a matter of making faint
+
+691
+00:53:06,390 --> 00:53:10,910
+star visible, the observations of space science 
+
+692
+00:53:10,910 --> 00:53:15,450
+and astronomy 
+
+693
+00:53:29,480 --> 00:53:34,340
+All astronomical telescopes are of the Keplerian
+
+694
+00:53:34,340 --> 00:53:37,450
+design Why? Because the Keplerian design is two 
+
+695
+00:53:37,450 --> 00:53:40,810
+plus lenses, there are no overlapping lenses. The
+
+696
+00:53:40,810 --> 00:53:44,910
+inverted image, which is the flaw of the Keplerian 
+
+697
+00:53:44,910 --> 00:53:48,370
+telescope. The inverted image is not a problem. It
+
+698
+00:53:48,370 --> 00:53:52,970
+is not a problem for astronomers, but inverting 
+
+699
+00:53:52,970 --> 00:53:55,490
+prisms are placed inside the telescope. 
+
+700
+00:53:58,070 --> 00:54:03,550
+Common binoculars are handheld binoculars. Visual 
+
+701
+00:54:03,550 --> 00:54:07,110
+aids are usually of the Keplerian design. 
+
+702
+00:54:07,350 --> 00:54:09,250
+Occasionally there are some visual aids, the
+
+703
+00:54:09,250 --> 00:54:12,290
+visual aids that are carried by hand have a 
+
+704
+00:54:12,290 --> 00:54:14,350
+Keplerian design, that is, the two lenses that 
+
+705
+00:54:14,350 --> 00:54:19,810
+have a plus, and sometimes the lenses have a
+
+706
+00:54:19,810 --> 00:54:25,590
+Keplerian design. And this concludes the lecture
+
+707
+00:54:25,590 --> 00:54:29,110
+on the focal systems. God bless you and peace be 
+
+708
+00:54:29,110 --> 00:54:29,450
+upon you.

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/XdNOzpeZdqw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1572 @@
+1
+00:00:02,280 --> 00:00:04,400
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
+
+2
+00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:09,360
+تحدثنا في المرة الماضية عن ال transfers
+
+3
+00:00:09,360 --> 00:00:10,400
+magnification تحدثنا في المرة الماضية عن ال
+
+4
+00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:10,640
+transfers magnification تحدثنا في المرة الماضية عن
+
+5
+00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:11,660
+ال transfers magnification تحدثنا في المرة الماضية
+
+6
+00:00:11,660 --> 00:00:11,740
+عن ال transfers magnification تحدثنا في المرة
+
+7
+00:00:11,740 --> 00:00:13,140
+الماضية عن ال transfers magnification تحدثنا في
+
+8
+00:00:13,140 --> 00:00:13,160
+المرة الماضية عن ال transfers magnification تحدثنا
+
+9
+00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:13,800
+transfers magnification تحدثنا في المرة الماضية عن
+
+10
+00:00:13,800 --> 00:00:14,460
+ال transfers magnification تحدثنا في المرة الماضية
+
+11
+00:00:14,460 --> 00:00:15,320
+عن ال transfers magnification تحدثنا في المرة
+
+12
+00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:21,340
+الماضية عن ال transfers magnification تحدثنا في
+
+13
+00:00:21,340 --> 00:00:27,740
+المرة الماضية عن ال transfers magnification تحدثنا
+
+14
+00:00:27,740 --> 00:00:32,970
+في المرة الماضية عن that everything above the
+
+15
+00:00:32,970 --> 00:00:35,550
+optical axis we give it a positive sign and
+
+16
+00:00:35,550 --> 00:00:39,910
+everything below the optical axis we give it a
+
+17
+00:00:39,910 --> 00:00:44,770
+negative sign and we also said that when I want to
+
+18
+00:00:44,770 --> 00:00:48,630
+characterize the transference magnification I put
+
+19
+00:00:48,630 --> 00:00:53,910
+the X mark, the X means when we say X minus half,
+
+20
+00:00:54,330 --> 00:00:59,380
+the X means the magnificationالminus بترمز إلا إن
+
+21
+00:00:59,380 --> 00:01:04,740
+الصورة مجلوبة و القدر هنا بيرمز لي لكمية ال
+
+22
+00:01:04,740 --> 00:01:07,700
+magnification يعني لما أقول x minus نص يعني الصورة
+
+23
+00:01:07,700 --> 00:01:12,480
+مجلوبة لإشارة minus و نص يعني نص ارتفاعها يساوي نص
+
+24
+00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:16,020
+ارتفاع ال object وحكينا أيضا أكدنا على إن
+
+25
+00:01:16,020 --> 00:01:19,500
+transfers magnification رغم إن كلمة magnification
+
+26
+00:01:19,500 --> 00:01:24,520
+تعني التكبيرإلا إن ممكن هي تعني التكبير أو التصغير
+
+27
+00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:27,980
+لو لجيت الرقم هنا واحد، معناته مافي عندي لا تكبير
+
+28
+00:01:27,980 --> 00:01:33,330
+ولا تصغير، معناته الصورةIrtifaaha يساوي ارتفاع
+
+29
+00:01:33,330 --> 00:01:38,050
+الجسم. الصورة يساوي .. ارتفاعها يساوي ارتفاع الجسم
+
+30
+00:01:38,050 --> 00:01:42,750
+لو أقل من واحد معناته فيه تصغير ولم .. لو أكتر من
+
+31
+00:01:42,750 --> 00:01:47,770
+واحد بيكون عندي تكبير في حجم الصورة أو في ارتفاع
+
+32
+00:01:47,770 --> 00:01:53,110
+الصورة مقارنة مع ارتفاع الجسم. Generally the
+
+33
+00:01:53,110 --> 00:01:57,280
+multiplication sign اللي هي ال Xis used to
+
+34
+00:01:57,280 --> 00:02:00,960
+indicate magnification, we use it to indicate
+
+35
+00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:05,840
+magnification, to indicate magnification The last
+
+36
+00:02:05,840 --> 00:02:08,200
+thing we remember from the previous lecture is
+
+37
+00:02:08,200 --> 00:02:10,620
+that for transfers, magnification is not
+
+38
+00:02:10,620 --> 00:02:13,560
+distinguished because this is a percentage and a
+
+39
+00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:16,560
+percentage is not distinguished We distinguish
+
+40
+00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:19,500
+heights with centimeters or meters or millimeters
+
+41
+00:02:20,520 --> 00:02:24,020
+When we calculate the transfers magnification, it
+
+42
+00:02:24,020 --> 00:02:26,700
+means that the picture here in this example is
+
+43
+00:02:26,700 --> 00:02:29,600
+half the height of the object and upside down But
+
+44
+00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:31,340
+when we say half the height of the object, we do
+
+45
+00:02:31,340 --> 00:02:34,820
+not distinguish with this, the ratio does not
+
+46
+00:02:34,820 --> 00:02:38,000
+distinguish, does not distinguish Today we will
+
+47
+00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:42,040
+learn about something new in geometrical optics
+
+48
+00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:46,120
+that helps us or facilitates calculation of
+
+49
+00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:48,640
+transfers magnification and facilitates other
+
+50
+00:02:48,640 --> 00:02:52,800
+thingsNow, we need to know that every optical
+
+51
+00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:59,820
+system exists there are many references to this
+
+52
+00:02:59,820 --> 00:03:02,920
+optical system that help us to understand the
+
+53
+00:03:02,920 --> 00:03:05,420
+relation between the image and the object in the
+
+54
+00:03:05,420 --> 00:03:08,020
+optical system we said that the light leaves the
+
+55
+00:03:08,020 --> 00:03:11,220
+object and passes through the optical system and
+
+56
+00:03:11,220 --> 00:03:14,460
+this optical system forms an image of what is in
+
+57
+00:03:14,460 --> 00:03:18,040
+the space of this object so, the light leaves the
+
+58
+00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:20,970
+objecttowards the formation of the image, of
+
+59
+00:03:20,970 --> 00:03:24,170
+course with the help of the optical system Now, to
+
+60
+00:03:24,170 --> 00:03:26,990
+know the relationship between the body and the
+
+61
+00:03:26,990 --> 00:03:30,570
+optical system and the image and their locations
+
+62
+00:03:30,570 --> 00:03:34,610
+in space, we use a lot of reference things The
+
+63
+00:03:34,610 --> 00:03:38,030
+first reference thing that came to us was the
+
+64
+00:03:38,030 --> 00:03:42,190
+optical axis, the optical axis One might ask, how
+
+65
+00:03:42,190 --> 00:03:44,530
+is this considered a reference thing? We say, yes,
+
+66
+00:03:44,810 --> 00:03:48,720
+the heights are measured from the optical axisSo,
+
+67
+00:03:48,820 --> 00:03:50,360
+the height of the body, we say from the highest
+
+68
+00:03:50,360 --> 00:03:53,020
+point in the body, we drop a column when we reach
+
+69
+00:03:53,020 --> 00:03:55,620
+the optical axis, which means the point that ends
+
+70
+00:03:55,620 --> 00:03:58,900
+with us, the optical axis. Also, the height of the
+
+71
+00:03:58,900 --> 00:04:01,280
+image is measured from the optical axis, is
+
+72
+00:04:01,280 --> 00:04:04,140
+measured from the optical axis. So, the height of
+
+73
+00:04:04,140 --> 00:04:06,520
+the image or the height of the body means a
+
+74
+00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:09,580
+comparison or departure from the optical axis,
+
+75
+00:04:09,740 --> 00:04:13,200
+which means the point of addiction or the point of
+
+76
+00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:15,900
+addiction. Now we want to get to know today about
+
+77
+00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:21,060
+another reference point, another reference point
+
+78
+00:04:21,060 --> 00:04:24,320
+helps us in solving our problems we say most
+
+79
+00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:28,880
+optical systems have a pair of nodal points which
+
+80
+00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:34,780
+means most optical systems have reference points
+
+81
+00:04:34,780 --> 00:04:38,560
+which they call nodal points or nodal points or
+
+82
+00:04:38,560 --> 00:04:44,200
+nodal points so I have a pair of nodal points,
+
+83
+00:04:44,500 --> 00:04:48,450
+these nodal points existIn most of the optical
+
+84
+00:04:48,450 --> 00:04:52,670
+systems, their location is on the optical axis, on
+
+85
+00:04:52,670 --> 00:04:55,890
+the optical axis We say as the following, try to
+
+86
+00:04:55,890 --> 00:04:59,630
+get the drawing The
+
+87
+00:04:59,630 --> 00:05:03,050
+point that I point out, let's go to the magnifying
+
+88
+00:05:03,050 --> 00:05:06,180
+glassThis point that I'm pointing at is called
+
+89
+00:05:06,180 --> 00:05:09,760
+anterior nodal point and this point that I'm
+
+90
+00:05:09,760 --> 00:05:12,780
+pointing at is called posterior nodal point. Of
+
+91
+00:05:12,780 --> 00:05:16,280
+course anterior is closer to the object, it's on
+
+92
+00:05:16,280 --> 00:05:18,260
+the front surface of the lens and on the back
+
+93
+00:05:18,260 --> 00:05:22,890
+surface of the lensI have anterior nodal point and
+
+94
+00:05:22,890 --> 00:05:50,490
+posterior nodal point
+
+95
+00:05:50,660 --> 00:05:53,740
+Hadola the two nodal points مابنفع يكونوا لا فوق
+
+96
+00:05:53,740 --> 00:05:57,340
+ال optical axis ولا تحت ال optical axis لازم
+
+97
+00:05:57,340 --> 00:06:03,490
+يكونوا على ال optical axis و أحيانا .. أحياناIt
+
+98
+00:06:03,490 --> 00:06:06,830
+becomes overlapping, overlapping What does
+
+99
+00:06:06,830 --> 00:06:08,930
+overlapping mean? We apply the anterior and
+
+100
+00:06:08,930 --> 00:06:11,530
+posterior nodal points to each other and they
+
+101
+00:06:11,530 --> 00:06:15,890
+become one point If they become one point, I will
+
+102
+00:06:15,890 --> 00:06:18,510
+still consider them two points, two points,
+
+103
+00:06:19,050 --> 00:06:22,010
+despite their overlapping each other A person may
+
+104
+00:06:22,010 --> 00:06:25,970
+wonder how can I consider them two points, in
+
+105
+00:06:25,970 --> 00:06:30,910
+other wordsI want to look at them as two points,
+
+106
+00:06:31,310 --> 00:06:34,550
+although they are similar to each other and seem
+
+107
+00:06:34,550 --> 00:06:38,490
+to be one point To approximate the concept, we
+
+108
+00:06:38,490 --> 00:06:41,230
+need to take an example from everyday life If we
+
+109
+00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:44,670
+say that a person specialized in vision
+
+110
+00:06:44,670 --> 00:06:48,350
+specialists and became a vision specialist after
+
+111
+00:06:48,350 --> 00:06:52,190
+he finished his specializationI mean he didn't
+
+112
+00:06:52,190 --> 00:06:54,530
+find a job, so he said I want to get another
+
+113
+00:06:54,530 --> 00:06:57,350
+specialization, so he went to specialize in
+
+114
+00:06:57,350 --> 00:07:00,470
+computer engineering for example This person
+
+115
+00:07:00,470 --> 00:07:02,490
+became with him two specializations Now this
+
+116
+00:07:02,490 --> 00:07:05,470
+person is one person, but when he attends a
+
+117
+00:07:05,470 --> 00:07:07,990
+conference, no, the visionists attend with his
+
+118
+00:07:07,990 --> 00:07:11,010
+attribute that he is a vision specialist And when
+
+119
+00:07:11,010 --> 00:07:13,410
+he attends a conference in computer engineering
+
+120
+00:07:13,410 --> 00:07:15,210
+and programming, he attends with his attribute
+
+121
+00:07:15,210 --> 00:07:17,410
+that he is a computer engineer, that is, he is a
+
+122
+00:07:17,410 --> 00:07:19,950
+person, but inside himinside it has two
+
+123
+00:07:19,950 --> 00:07:23,850
+characteristics, which are at the same time visual
+
+124
+00:07:23,850 --> 00:07:26,790
+characteristics and at the same time engineer,
+
+125
+00:07:27,390 --> 00:07:31,210
+computer and programming and so on Also when two
+
+126
+00:07:31,210 --> 00:07:34,830
+points match each other, which are the anterior
+
+127
+00:07:34,830 --> 00:07:37,810
+nodal point and the posterior nodal point I keep
+
+128
+00:07:37,810 --> 00:07:41,050
+telling them that I have an anterior nodal point
+
+129
+00:07:41,050 --> 00:07:44,290
+and the posterior nodal point matches itو هذا
+
+130
+00:07:44,290 --> 00:07:49,470
+الكلام إله فائدة، هنجيها بالتدريج، هنجيها بالتدريج
+
+131
+00:07:49,470 --> 00:07:54,450
+طيب، ممكن إنسان يتساءل، يقول طيب إحنا الآن يعني
+
+132
+00:07:54,450 --> 00:07:59,330
+وصلت معلومة إنه في عندي زوج من ال nodal point، زوج
+
+133
+00:07:59,330 --> 00:08:03,890
+من ال nodal point وإنه occasionally أحيانا ال
+
+134
+00:08:03,890 --> 00:08:06,850
+nodal points overlap، بيجوا على بعضهم البعض,
+
+135
+00:08:07,170 --> 00:08:10,550
+appearing as single point, appearing as single
+
+136
+00:08:10,550 --> 00:08:15,880
+point، نطلع من العرضoccasionally the nodal points
+
+137
+00:08:15,880 --> 00:08:20,740
+overlap appearing as a single point but
+
+138
+00:08:20,740 --> 00:08:24,600
+technically من ناحية تقنية they remain a pair of
+
+139
+00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:28,240
+overlapping nodal points يعني بيظلوا زوج من النقاط
+
+140
+00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:31,640
+اللي جاية على بعضها و بعتبرهم مش أنهم صاروا نقطة
+
+141
+00:08:31,640 --> 00:08:36,640
+واحدة طيب يا ترى إيش الصفة المميزة .. إيش الصفة
+
+142
+00:08:36,640 --> 00:08:42,560
+المميزة لهدولة ال nodal pointsلهدولة ال two nodal
+
+143
+00:08:42,560 --> 00:08:45,440
+points ال anterior و ال posterior nodal points هذا
+
+144
+00:08:45,440 --> 00:08:50,280
+هنجيله بالتدريج بنقول أول صفة من صفات ال nodal
+
+145
+00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:54,440
+points the nodal points are always on the optical
+
+146
+00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:59,360
+axis and have an important property and have an
+
+147
+00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:03,120
+important property يا ترى إيش الصفة المهمة اللي
+
+148
+00:09:03,120 --> 00:09:08,550
+ميزت ال nodal points على عنThe rest of the points
+
+149
+00:09:08,550 --> 00:09:12,720
+go back to the magnifying glass.We want to take an
+
+150
+00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:17,140
+example, a point from the object, point A, and its
+
+151
+00:09:17,140 --> 00:09:20,280
+shape which is a condition, as we used to say at
+
+152
+00:09:20,280 --> 00:09:23,060
+the top of a candle Of course, we will give an
+
+153
+00:09:23,060 --> 00:09:27,200
+example on point A, and this applies to all points
+
+154
+00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:30,360
+of the object We want to say the story or tell the
+
+155
+00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:34,780
+story with A, and this also applies to all stories
+
+156
+00:09:34,780 --> 00:09:38,200
+for all points of the object Point A starts from
+
+157
+00:09:38,200 --> 00:09:41,340
+itthousands and hundreds of thousands and millions
+
+158
+00:09:41,340 --> 00:09:45,220
+of rays in all directions there is a group of
+
+159
+00:09:45,220 --> 00:09:48,080
+rays, let's say one hundred thousand rays will
+
+160
+00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:51,060
+enter the lens these one hundred thousand rays,
+
+161
+00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:54,620
+which are all coming from A, will be collected by
+
+162
+00:09:54,620 --> 00:09:59,090
+the lens and form A conditionUntil now, there was
+
+163
+00:09:59,090 --> 00:10:02,510
+no mention of nodal points From the 100,000 rays,
+
+164
+00:10:03,170 --> 00:10:07,630
+there will be one direction that is directed
+
+165
+00:10:07,630 --> 00:10:11,390
+towards the anterior nodal point Scientists found
+
+166
+00:10:11,390 --> 00:10:14,310
+in the experiment that this ray will come out of
+
+167
+00:10:14,310 --> 00:10:17,710
+the posterior nodal point and go to form an A
+
+168
+00:10:17,710 --> 00:10:21,570
+-shape You can say, what's the difference? The 100
+
+169
+00:10:21,570 --> 00:10:25,060
+,000 rays will enter the lensthey will enter the
+
+170
+00:10:25,060 --> 00:10:27,180
+lens and they will gather all of them, which means
+
+171
+00:10:27,180 --> 00:10:29,380
+that the ray that entered the lens from the front
+
+172
+00:10:29,380 --> 00:10:32,080
+surface will exit from the back surface after
+
+173
+00:10:32,080 --> 00:10:34,120
+breaking, after breaking the lens and leaving
+
+174
+00:10:34,120 --> 00:10:36,340
+which means that it contributes to the formation
+
+175
+00:10:36,340 --> 00:10:39,660
+of what is what condition we say yes, but the
+
+176
+00:10:39,660 --> 00:10:42,580
+difference is that this ray that was destined to
+
+177
+00:10:42,580 --> 00:10:45,960
+enter the anterior nodal point and exit from the
+
+178
+00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:49,800
+posterior nodal point this ray will make an angle
+
+179
+00:10:49,800 --> 00:10:53,660
+with the optical axis which is thetaequal to the
+
+180
+00:10:53,660 --> 00:10:57,600
+angle of exit of this ray after breaking it, of
+
+181
+00:10:57,600 --> 00:11:01,340
+course, which is equal to theta 2. We called it
+
+182
+00:11:01,340 --> 00:11:04,700
+theta 2. So theta, which is the angle of entry of
+
+183
+00:11:04,700 --> 00:11:08,780
+the ray coming from A and going to the anterior
+
+184
+00:11:08,780 --> 00:11:11,780
+nodal point, exits from the posterior nodal point
+
+185
+00:11:12,130 --> 00:11:17,270
+وبيروح هو منتهى لإي شرطة ده قولا واحدا بس الفرق ..
+
+186
+00:11:17,270 --> 00:11:21,430
+فرق هذا الشعاع .. هذا الشعاع خلينا نسمي الشعاع
+
+187
+00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:24,410
+scene تمام؟ هذا الشعاع scene لما بدخل في ال
+
+188
+00:11:24,410 --> 00:11:27,490
+anterior nodal point بيعمل زاوية مع ال optical
+
+189
+00:11:27,490 --> 00:11:31,150
+axis و هو نفس الشعاع scene لما بخرج من العدسة
+
+190
+00:11:31,150 --> 00:11:36,590
+تمام؟ و بيروح على إي شرطة بيعمل θ2Theta and theta2
+
+191
+00:11:36,590 --> 00:11:40,950
+are equilateral angles .. equilateral angles If we
+
+192
+00:11:40,950 --> 00:11:45,070
+assume that the
+
+193
+00:11:45,070 --> 00:11:48,710
+anterior and posterior nodal points are the same I
+
+194
+00:11:48,710 --> 00:11:51,130
+will keep saying .. if we come to describe here in
+
+195
+00:11:51,130 --> 00:11:53,370
+the science of geometrical optics, we say the ray
+
+196
+00:11:53
+
+223
+00:13:31,600 --> 00:13:34,020
+is the beam that came out of the lens with the
+
+224
+00:13:34,020 --> 00:13:38,060
+optical axis. Okay, until now, the speech was
+
+225
+00:13:38,060 --> 00:13:40,760
+excellent, but we did not understand what can be
+
+226
+00:13:40,760 --> 00:13:45,000
+gained from this case. What can be gained from this 
+
+227
+00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:48,320
+case? To say what can be gained from the case of 
+
+228
+00:13:48,320 --> 00:13:53,140
+equal entry and exit angle to the rays, only the
+
+229
+00:13:53,140 --> 00:13:56,580
+rays, only the rays that enter the anterior nodal
+
+230
+00:13:56,580 --> 00:13:59,960
+point and exit the posterior nodal point make an 
+
+231
+00:13:59,960 --> 00:14:03,100
+even angle. The rest of the rays that do not enter 
+
+232
+00:14:03,100 --> 00:14:06,300
+the anterior nodal point will not...that is, the 
+
+233
+00:14:06,300 --> 00:14:08,940
+exit angle will differ from the entry angle. Okay, 
+
+234
+00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:11,520
+what does this mean when we talk about it? Also 
+
+235
+00:14:11,520 --> 00:14:16,160
+point B, point B sends millions of rays in all 
+
+236
+00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:19,860
+directions. It will be the share of rays one by one 
+
+237
+00:14:19,860 --> 00:14:23,630
+only to enter the anterior nodal point, then it
+
+238
+00:14:23,630 --> 00:14:26,190
+will make a certain angle, let's call it the angle
+
+239
+00:14:26,190 --> 00:14:29,710
+of the arc, for example, an arc will come out, and 
+
+240
+00:14:29,710 --> 00:14:34,230
+two arcs will be equal, the point, for example, G,
+
+241
+00:14:34,550 --> 00:14:39,070
+present, for example, in the object, the point G, 
+
+242
+00:14:39,390 --> 00:14:43,770
+will send its rays in all directions, and one of 
+
+243
+00:14:43,770 --> 00:14:48,600
+them will enter the anterior nodal point.ملخص
+
+244
+00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:53,520
+الحكاية إنه كل شعاعة بغض النظر قادم من أي نقطة من 
+
+245
+00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:58,380
+الجسم كل شعاعة بغض النظر قادم من أي نقطة من الجسم
+
+246
+00:14:58,380 --> 00:15:03,460
+داخل ال anterior nodal point هيخرج من ال posterior 
+
+247
+00:15:03,460 --> 00:15:06,720
+nodal point ويروح يكوّن صورة النقطة اللي أتى منها 
+
+248
+00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:10,990
+صورة النقطة اللي أتى منها the angle of entry and 
+
+249
+00:15:10,990 --> 00:15:17,310
+exit are exactly equal. Let's
+
+250
+00:15:17,310 --> 00:15:20,710
+go back to point A. We say point A there is one of
+
+251
+00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:23,230
+the rays that came out of it and entered the 
+
+252
+00:15:23,230 --> 00:15:25,450
+optical system. It was allowed to enter the
+
+253
+00:15:25,450 --> 00:15:27,930
+anterior nodal point and made an angle with the 
+
+254
+00:15:27,930 --> 00:15:32,150
+optical axis theta. Now it came out of the
+
+255
+00:15:32,150 --> 00:15:35,150
+posterior nodal point and made theta 2.
+
+256
+00:15:37,640 --> 00:15:43,740
+Since θ is equal to θ2, as we said, then tan θ is 
+
+257
+00:15:43,740 --> 00:15:48,800
+equal to tan θ2. Since these angles are equal, then 
+
+258
+00:15:48,800 --> 00:15:52,500
+the shadow of θ is equal to the shadow of θ2. Well,
+
+259
+00:15:52,540 --> 00:15:55,260
+we know that the shadow is equal to the reciprocal 
+
+260
+00:15:55,260 --> 00:15:58,400
+over the adjacent, this is the triangle of the
+
+261
+00:15:58,400 --> 00:16:01,400
+angle, this is the reciprocal, which is the height
+
+262
+00:16:01,400 --> 00:16:07,150
+of the body والمجاور، المجاور اللي هي بعد الجسم عن
+
+263
+00:16:07,150 --> 00:16:10,610
+ال optical system اللي بيسموها object distance،
+
+264
+00:16:10,610 --> 00:16:14,900
+هنا object هي ..and object distance, so the shadow 
+
+265
+00:16:14,900 --> 00:16:19,220
+of theta is object height over object distance, so
+
+266
+00:16:19,220 --> 00:16:23,880
+tan theta is equal to tan theta 2, why? because if 
+
+267
+00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:26,820
+this angle is 30 degrees and this angle is 30 
+
+268
+00:16:26,820 --> 00:16:30,580
+degrees for example, the shadow of 30 is equal to
+
+269
+00:16:30,580 --> 00:16:33,680
+the shadow of 30 and therefore, since theta is 
+
+270
+00:16:33,680 --> 00:16:37,080
+equal to theta 2, then tan theta which is the 
+
+271
+00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:39,920
+shadow of theta is equal to tan theta 2 which is
+
+272
+00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:44,210
+the shadow of theta 2. طب إيش بدنا نعوض عن ذل فيتا،
+
+273
+00:16:44,210 --> 00:16:48,630
+بنقول ذل فيتا المقابل على المجاور، يعني ال object
+
+274
+00:16:48,630 --> 00:16:53,070
+head على ال object distance، object head على ال
+
+275
+00:16:53,070 --> 00:16:57,050
+object distance. طيب و فيتا اتنين، فيتا اتنين ذلها 
+
+276
+00:16:57,050 --> 00:17:02,190
+برضه المقابل على المجاور، المقابل اللي هو ال image
+
+277
+00:17:02,190 --> 00:17:06,350
+head، و المجاور ال image distance، بعد ال image عن
+
+278
+00:17:06,350 --> 00:17:10,270
+ال optical system. So object height over object
+
+279
+00:17:10,270 --> 00:17:13,390
+distance is equal to image height over image
+
+280
+00:17:13,390 --> 00:17:18,210
+distance, okay? Now object height over object 
+
+281
+00:17:18,210 --> 00:17:21,250
+distance is equal to image height over image 
+
+282
+00:17:21,250 --> 00:17:25,030
+distance. We know in mathematics and in the science
+
+283
+00:17:25,030 --> 00:17:28,270
+of faults, if they are too much equal, if they are 
+
+284
+00:17:28,270 --> 00:17:31,170
+too much equal, then the lowest over the lowest is 
+
+285
+00:17:31,170 --> 00:17:34,110
+equal to the highest over the highest. This is the
+
+286
+00:17:34,110 --> 00:17:38,060
+Foucault equation. We want to repeat the order by 
+
+287
+00:17:38,060 --> 00:17:43,440
+saying image distance which is the position over 
+
+288
+00:17:43,440 --> 00:17:49,320
+object distance is equal to image height over
+
+289
+00:17:49,320 --> 00:17:52,960
+object height or let's say as follows: the bus on 
+
+290
+00:17:52,960 --> 00:17:56,440
+the bus is equal to the position on the position.
+
+291
+00:17:56,440 --> 00:18:01,080
+Let's repeat again: the bus on the bus is equal to
+
+292
+00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:04,400
+the position on the position, so image height over
+
+293
+00:18:04,400 --> 00:18:08,110
+object height is equal to image distance over 
+
+294
+00:18:08,110 --> 00:18:10,350
+object distance. A person might object and say,
+
+295
+00:18:10,450 --> 00:18:12,270
+what made us think that this is correct? It is
+
+296
+00:18:12,270 --> 00:18:18,870
+said in math. Half is equal to two quarters. لو قلنا
+
+297
+00:18:18,870 --> 00:18:23,250
+البسط على البسط هنا واحد على اتنين يساوي اتنين على 
+
+298
+00:18:23,250 --> 00:18:26,210
+اربع. طب ممكن انسان يقول ممكن بالعكس؟ اه ممكن 
+
+299
+00:18:26,210 --> 00:18:30,470
+بالعكس البسط على البسط اتنين على واحد يساوي اربع
+
+300
+00:18:30,470 --> 00:18:33,910
+على اتنين لإن اتنين على واحد يساوي اتنين واربع على 
+
+301
+00:18:33,910 --> 00:18:37,670
+اتنين يساوي اتنين. مثال آخر بنقول البسط على البسط 
+
+302
+00:18:37,670 --> 00:18:41,890
+واحد على اتنين يساوي تلاتة على ست. ممكن بالعكس 
+
+303
+00:18:41,890 --> 00:18:46,660
+نمشي؟ اه ممكن. Two over one equals six over three,
+
+304
+00:18:46,760 --> 00:18:49,080
+because two over one equals two, and six over
+
+305
+00:18:49,080 --> 00:18:53,420
+three equals two. So, in calculus, one over one
+
+306
+00:18:53,420 --> 00:18:58,620
+equals one over one, or vice versa, one over one,
+
+307
+00:18:58,820 --> 00:19:02,320
+whether we go from right to left or from left to 
+
+308
+00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:07,200
+right, one over one equals one over one. or مقام على 
+
+309
+00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:12,640
+مقام يساوي bust على bust. نرجع لقصتنا بنقول ال bust
+
+310
+00:19:12,640 --> 00:19:17,240
+على ال bust, image height على object height يساوي
+
+311
+00:19:17,240 --> 00:19:20,220
+image distance على object distance. هذه الكلام اللي
+
+312
+00:19:20,220 --> 00:19:23,440
+أنا بحكيه رتبنا لإنه ال image height اللي هو ال 
+
+313
+00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:26,900
+bust على object height ال bust في ناحية تانية 
+
+314
+00:19:26,900 --> 00:19:31,720
+يساوي image distance على object distance. طيب إيش 
+
+315
+00:19:31,720 --> 00:19:34,560
+هو ال image height على ال object height? Which is
+
+316
+00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:37,780
+the transference magnification. Image height is the
+
+317
+00:19:37,780 --> 00:19:40,600
+ratio of the height of the image when we divide it
+
+318
+00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:42,340
+by the height of the object, which is the image 
+
+319
+00:19:42,340 --> 00:19:47,120
+height over the object height. The image height 
+
+320
+00:19:47,120 --> 00:19:49,560
+over the object height equals we reached this 
+
+321
+00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:51,840
+point that the image height over the object height 
+
+322
+00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,660
+equals the image distance over the object distance.
+
+323
+00:19:54,660 --> 00:19:57,520
+We know from the previous lecture that the image 
+
+324
+00:19:57,520 --> 00:19:59,760
+height over the object height equals the
+
+325
+00:19:59,760 --> 00:20:04,440
+transference magnification. The nodal points helped
+
+326
+00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:09,000
+me to reach the transference magnification not
+
+327
+00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,820
+only in heights but also in distances. In other
+
+328
+00:20:12,820 --> 00:20:15,020
+words, let's say I have an example, and we tell
+
+329
+00:20:15,020 --> 00:20:19,720
+someone to look at this example and bring us the
+
+330
+00:20:19,720 --> 00:20:23,620
+transference magnification. How big is the image 
+
+331
+00:20:23,620 --> 00:20:27,040
+compared to the object, okay? And what is the
+
+332
+00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:31,130
+height of the object? And gave us the height of the
+
+333
+00:20:31,130 --> 00:20:35,970
+image, but gave us the distances, distance of the
+
+334
+00:20:35,970 --> 00:20:38,210
+object and distance of the image. We say transfers
+
+335
+00:20:38,210 --> 00:20:44,070
+magnification equals image distance over object
+
+336
+00:20:44,070 --> 00:20:46,950
+distance. Why did I use this? Transfers 
+
+337
+00:20:46,950 --> 00:20:49,410
+magnification equals image distance over object
+
+338
+00:20:49,410 --> 00:20:53,230
+distance. لأن الإرتفاعات بالنسبة إلي في المسألة ماحد 
+
+339
+00:20:53,230 --> 00:20:57,770
+أعطانيها وإنما أعطوني المسافات بأستطيع باستخدام
+
+340
+00:20:57,770 --> 00:21:03,670
+المسافات إني أوجد ل transfers magnification.. إني 
+
+341
+00:21:03,670 --> 00:21:07,850
+أوجد ل transfers magnification وبالتالي ..and thus 
+
+342
+00:21:07,850 --> 00:21:11,870
+the nodal points helped me or through the nodal 
+
+343
+00:21:11,870 --> 00:21:15,490
+points I reached a new equation. Last time our
+
+344
+00:21:15,490 --> 00:21:18,590
+equation was Transverse Magnification equals image 
+
+345
+00:21:18,590 --> 00:21:21,670
+height over object height and we said we drop a 
+
+346
+00:21:21,670 --> 00:21:24,290
+column from the top of the image to the optical 
+
+347
+00:21:24,290 --> 00:21:27,750
+axis and we drop a column from the top of the 
+
+348
+00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:30,730
+object to the optical axis and we calculate the
+
+349
+00:21:30,730 --> 00:21:33,600
+height of the image, and we divide it by height body.
+
+350
+00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:37,280
+And consequently I get transfers magnification.
+
+351
+00:21:37,280 --> 00:21:40,760
+Now, today we have a new equation that transfers 
+
+352
+00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:43,160
+magnification is equal to image distance over 
+
+353
+00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:45,280
+object distance. I measure the distance of the
+
+354
+00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:47,960
+image from the optical system, from the lens, and I
+
+355
+00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:49,580
+measure the distance of the object from the
+
+356
+00:21:49,580 --> 00:21:52,560
+optical system, from the lens. I divide the 
+
+357
+00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:54,060
+distance of the image by the distance of the 
+
+358
+00:21:54,060 --> 00:21:57,860
+object, and I get transfers magnification. One can 
+
+359
+00:21:57,860 --> 00:22:04,020
+ask that we have. When we were using the heights, we 
+
+360
+00:22:04,020 --> 00:22:05,920
+used to say that the one below the optical axis
+
+361
+00:22:05,920 --> 00:22:09,100
+gives a minus sign and the one above the optical 
+
+362
+00:22:09,100 --> 00:22:12,660
+axis gives a plus sign. Are there certain signals 
+
+363
+00:22:12,660 --> 00:22:14,440
+in the distances to help me turn the picture
+
+364
+00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,500
+upside down or not? We say yes, it was identified, 
+
+365
+00:22:17,960 --> 00:22:20,680
+it was identified that whatever is on the right of 
+
+366
+00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:23,340
+the optical system, which is the lens, is
+
+367
+00:22:23,340 --> 00:22:25,840
+considered positive and whatever is on the left is 
+
+368
+00:22:25,840 --> 00:22:28,280
+considered negative, is considered negative. 
+
+369
+00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:44,860
+The essential property of nodal points is that 
+
+370
+00:22:44,860 --> 00:22:52,220
+these two angles are equal for any selected object
+
+371
+00:22:52,220 --> 00:22:52,680
+point.
+
+372
+00:23:07,260 --> 00:23:12,080
+Because of this feature nodal points are useful
+
+373
+00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:15,940
+for establishing a relationship among transphase 
+
+374
+00:23:15,940 --> 00:23:19,340
+magnification, object distance, and image distance
+
+375
+00:23:19,340 --> 00:23:21,860
+and because of this feature that the entry angle 
+
+376
+00:23:21,860 --> 00:23:25,740
+and exit angle are equal, nodal point helped us to
+
+377
+00:23:25,740 --> 00:23:27,740
+create a relation between the transphase 
+
+378
+00:23:27,740 --> 00:23:30,620
+magnification and the object distance and the 
+
+379
+00:23:30,620 --> 00:23:33,000
+image distance. This relation is summarized in the 
+
+380
+00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:34,160
+equation that
+
+381
+00:23:36,660 --> 00:23:39,900
+transfers magnification equals image distance over
+
+382
+00:23:39,900 --> 00:23:43,440
+object distance, regardless of the location of an 
+
+383
+00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:47,200
+object. The object and the image subtends equal 
+
+384
+00:23:47,200 --> 00:23:51,440
+angles with respect to their nodal points, and this 
+
+385
+00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:53,800
+is what we said that the angle of entry of any
+
+386
+00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:57,060
+beam that enters the nodal point equals the angle
+
+387
+00:23:57,060 --> 00:24:00,920
+of exit of this beam from the nodal point. We
+
+388
+00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:02,740
+reached the relationship that transfers 
+
+389
+00:24:02,740 --> 00:24:06,100
+magnification. Like it equals image height over 
+
+390
+00:24:06,100 --> 00:24:09,040
+object height, it also equals image distance over
+
+391
+00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:13,580
+object distance in heights. In heights, we said the
+
+392
+00:24:13,580 --> 00:24:16,920
+one above the optical axis gets a plus sign, and 
+
+393
+00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:19,940
+the one below the optical axis gets a minus sign.
+
+394
+00:24:19,940 --> 00:24:24,260
+In distances, the one on the right is positive, on 
+
+395
+00:24:24,260 --> 00:24:25,800
+the right of the lens or on the right of the
+
+396
+00:24:25,800 --> 00:24:28,660
+optical system, and the one on the left is
+
+397
+00:24:28,660 --> 00:24:34,550
+negative, is negative. We say as follows. As a
+
+398
+00:24:34,550 --> 00:24:38,310
+practical matter, object and image distances must
+
+399
+00:24:38,310 --> 00:24:42,030
+obey a sign convention. لازم نعطي إشارة لمسافة
+
+400
+00:24:42,030 --> 00:24:45,950
+الصورة ومسافة ال object عشان نعرف بالظبط هل الصورة
+
+401
+00:24:45,950 --> 00:24:49,950
+مجلوبة و لا الصورة معتادلة و لا الصورة معتادلة
+
+402
+00:24:49,950 --> 00:24:54,750
+طبعا هذا sign convention أو العلامة اللي بنعطيها
+
+403
+00:24:55,110 --> 00:24:58,130
+plus or minus, consistent with the established
+
+404
+00:24:58,130 --> 00:25:06,090
+convention for transverse magnification. Object 
+
+405
+00:25:06,090 --> 00:25:14,030
+distance
+
+406
+00:25:14,030 --> 00:25:17,410
+is measured from the object to the anterior nodal 
+
+407
+00:25:17,410 --> 00:25:21,130
+point and image distance is measured from the 
+
+408
+00:25:21,130 --> 00:25:24,470
+posterior nodal point to the image. When we move,
+
+409
+00:25:24,690 --> 00:25:28,650
+we say as follows to measure the object distance, 
+
+410
+00:25:28,750 --> 00:25:30,650
+the object distance is the distance from the
+
+411
+00:25:30,650 --> 00:25:35,210
+object to the anterior nodal point and the image 
+
+412
+
+445
+00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:19,140
+أنه لما بنحسب ال transfer magnification ونقول 
+
+446
+00:27:19,140 --> 00:27:21,980
+يساوي ال image distance ع ال object distance
+
+447
+00:27:21,980 --> 00:27:25,280
+ماننساش أنه اللي ع اليمين هنعطي إشارة موجب،
+
+448
+00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:27,740
+المسافة اللي ع اليمين هنعطيها إشارة موجبة،
+
+449
+00:27:27,740 --> 00:27:30,240
+والمسافة اللي ع الشمال هنعطيها إشارة 
+
+450
+00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:40,920
+We will stop at 
+
+451
+00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:45,100
+this point and we will continue next time and give
+
+452
+00:27:45,100 --> 00:27:45,720
+you the answer

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/XqJKSOA7ldw_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+1
+00:00:05,570 --> 00:00:15,690
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم
+
+2
+00:00:15,690 --> 00:00:17,490
+الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+3
+00:00:17,490 --> 00:00:17,530
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+4
+00:00:17,530 --> 00:00:19,290
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحمن الرحيم بسم
+
+5
+00:00:19,290 --> 00:00:20,450
+الله الرحمن الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحمن
+
+6
+00:00:20,450 --> 00:00:20,730
+الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن
+
+7
+00:00:20,730 --> 00:00:20,810
+الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن الرحمن
+
+8
+00:00:20,810 --> 00:00:24,110
+الرحمن
+
+9
+00:00:24,110 --> 00:00:26,590
+الرح
+
+10
+00:00:29,310 --> 00:00:32,010
+As long as the image distance is unknown, I cannot
+
+11
+00:00:32,010 --> 00:00:34,870
+draw it on the right of the lens or on the left
+
+12
+00:00:34,870 --> 00:00:40,530
+until I get the result The simple solution is to
+
+13
+00:00:40,530 --> 00:00:44,350
+say that the transference magnification is equal
+
+14
+00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:48,250
+to the image distance which is unknown over the
+
+15
+00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:51,970
+object distance I want the image distance Image
+
+16
+00:00:51,970 --> 00:00:55,530
+distance is equal to the transference
+
+17
+00:00:55,530 --> 00:01:00,440
+magnification times the object distanceTransphase
+
+18
+00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:05,120
+magnification is minus 4. Dark. The object
+
+19
+00:01:05,120 --> 00:01:08,620
+distance. The object distance on the left is a
+
+20
+00:01:08,620 --> 00:01:15,040
+minus sign. 25 cm is a meter, so it is a quarter
+
+21
+00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:21,440
+of a meter. Minus times minus is plus. Four times
+
+22
+00:01:21,440 --> 00:01:27,080
+a quarter is one. So the distance of the picture
+
+23
+00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:33,790
+is plus 1 meter on the right of the lens 1 meter
+
+24
+00:01:33,790 --> 00:01:37,350
+on the right of the lens 1 meter ok, what if I
+
+25
+00:01:37,350 --> 00:01:40,190
+draw the image up and what if I draw it down? I go
+
+26
+00:01:40,190 --> 00:01:42,910
+back to the transphase magnification as long as
+
+27
+00:01:42,910 --> 00:01:45,130
+there is a minus sign in it, then the image is
+
+28
+00:01:45,130 --> 00:01:48,350
+inverted for the object the object is up, so what
+
+29
+00:01:48,350 --> 00:01:51,750
+is it? down this is what I drew four times the
+
+30
+00:01:51,750 --> 00:01:56,430
+height of the object one meter away fromالعدسة
+
+31
+00:01:56,430 --> 00:02:00,530
+وهيك بتكون حلت المسألة إذا ال image distance plus
+
+32
+00:02:00,530 --> 00:02:04,770
+1 meter الصورة تبعد عن يمين العدسة المقدار 1 meter
+
+33
+00:02:04,770 --> 00:02:08,810
+ويعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركة
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/_JqRXpYw4i4_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@
+1
+00:00:01,650 --> 00:00:05,710
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنواصل محاضرات الـ
+
+2
+00:00:05,710 --> 00:00:08,570
+Geometric Optics، واتوقفنا المرة الماضية عند ال
+
+3
+00:00:08,570 --> 00:00:14,730
+dispersion أو التشتت بتاع الموجات الضوئية، وبنحكي
+
+4
+00:00:14,730 --> 00:00:17,490
+أنه with the exception of a vacuum، باستثناء
+
+5
+00:00:17,490 --> 00:00:20,710
+الفرار، which always has a refractive index of
+
+6
+00:00:20,710 --> 00:00:26,150
+one،Refractive indices are not fixed values بمعنى
+
+7
+00:00:26,150 --> 00:00:31,010
+كل مادة أو وسط بصري إله أكتر من refractive index
+
+8
+00:00:31,010 --> 00:00:35,690
+يعني إله refractive index لكل طول موجي معين لو
+
+9
+00:00:35,690 --> 00:00:39,990
+حبينا نشوف القضية هاي و نشوف ال refractive index
+
+10
+00:00:39,990 --> 00:00:43,330
+يعني
+
+11
+00:00:43,330 --> 00:00:44,990
+احنا بنقول احنا الآن
+
+12
+00:00:52,910 --> 00:00:58,670
+The refractive index of the red wave length is one
+
+13
+00:00:58,670 --> 00:01:02,310
+and a half. We want to see the refractive index of
+
+14
+00:01:02,310 --> 00:01:05,070
+light when the wave length changes. The substance
+
+15
+00:01:05,070 --> 00:01:07,030
+will remain as it is, which is the substance of
+
+16
+00:01:07,030 --> 00:01:10,850
+the glass. We say that the shorter the wave
+
+17
+00:01:10,850 --> 00:01:14,370
+length, the higher the refractive index.If we
+
+18
+00:01:14,370 --> 00:01:17,110
+focus on this number which is in front of us and
+
+19
+00:01:17,110 --> 00:01:19,430
+which is indicated by the mouse We say that the
+
+20
+00:01:19,430 --> 00:01:23,550
+shorter the wavelength of the wave The shorter the
+
+21
+00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:27,550
+wavelength of the wave The more the refractive
+
+22
+00:01:27,550 --> 00:01:29,790
+index increases The more the refractive index
+
+23
+00:01:29,790 --> 00:01:33,790
+increases Well, if I have a gap in the middle Or
+
+24
+00:01:33,790 --> 00:01:37,370
+air, meaning a dispute We will see what will
+
+25
+00:01:37,370 --> 00:01:41,970
+happen to us Whether it increases Whether it
+
+26
+00:01:41,970 --> 00:01:42,090
+increases
+
+27
+00:01:46,190 --> 00:01:48,570
+the wavelength, or whether it's less than the
+
+28
+00:01:48,570 --> 00:01:51,710
+wavelength, the refractive index remains the same,
+
+29
+00:01:51,810 --> 00:01:54,630
+it doesn't change The refractive index, which is
+
+30
+00:01:54,630 --> 00:01:57,490
+one, doesn't change because the speed of the
+
+31
+00:01:57,490 --> 00:02:01,590
+different wavelengths .. the speed of the
+
+32
+00:02:01,590 --> 00:02:06,170
+different wavelengths travels
+
+33
+00:02:06,170 --> 00:02:10,730
+at the same speed in space or in the air while any
+
+34
+00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:12,850
+other substance .. we gave an example of glass
+
+35
+00:02:12,850 --> 00:02:14,550
+because we take water as the middle of another
+
+36
+00:02:14,550 --> 00:02:20,470
+onionWe say as follows, when the wave length
+
+37
+00:02:20,470 --> 00:02:22,590
+changes, the refractive index also changes
+
+38
+00:02:24,350 --> 00:02:25,910
+refractive index will increase as long as it
+
+39
+00:02:25,910 --> 00:02:28,930
+reduces the wavelength of the wave Refractive
+
+40
+00:02:28,930 --> 00:02:34,350
+index will increase as long as it reduces the
+
+41
+00:02:34,350 --> 00:02:38,770
+wavelength of the wave Refractive index will
+
+42
+00:02:38,770 --> 00:02:44,450
+decrease as long as it reduces the wavelength of
+
+43
+00:02:44,450 --> 00:02:45,450
+the wave
+
+44
+00:02:48,590 --> 00:02:54,190
+الrefractive index وطول الموجي لضوء المعرر في وسط
+
+45
+00:02:54,190 --> 00:02:58,810
+ما، في وسط ما. So with the exception of a vacuum
+
+46
+00:02:58,810 --> 00:03:02,050
+which always has a refractive index of one,
+
+47
+00:03:02,630 --> 00:03:05,970
+refractive indices are not fixed values, are not
+
+48
+00:03:05,970 --> 00:03:09,700
+fixed valuesThey vary as a function of wavelength.
+
+49
+00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:12,980
+In general, refractive indices are higher for
+
+50
+00:03:12,980 --> 00:03:18,080
+short wavelength and lower for long wavelength. As
+
+51
+00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:26,180
+a
+
+52
+00:03:26,180 --> 00:03:31,080
+result, blue light travels more slowly than red
+
+53
+00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:34,990
+light in most media.And Snell's law predicts
+
+54
+00:03:34,990 --> 00:03:38,590
+greater angle of refraction for blue light than
+
+55
+00:03:38,590 --> 00:03:39,570
+for red light
+
+56
+00:03:44,600 --> 00:03:47,700
+Slower than the speed of the red light Or if we
+
+57
+00:03:47,700 --> 00:03:50,620
+want to talk in another sentence Since the
+
+58
+00:03:50,620 --> 00:03:54,580
+refractive index of any medium for the blue light
+
+59
+00:03:54,580 --> 00:03:57,200
+is higher than that of the red light for the same
+
+60
+00:03:57,200 --> 00:04:00,600
+medium We are talking about a fixed medium, water,
+
+61
+00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:03,240
+we are not going to change the water The
+
+62
+00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:06,520
+refractive index of the blue light, of the blue
+
+63
+00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:10,630
+light compared to the waterone, three, four, five,
+
+64
+00:04:10,690 --> 00:04:14,370
+while for the red light it's less, one, three,
+
+65
+00:04:14,530 --> 00:04:19,370
+three, two The higher the refractive index, this
+
+66
+00:04:19,370 --> 00:04:23,470
+means that the light travels slower and breaks
+
+67
+00:04:23,470 --> 00:04:26,770
+more and breaks more
+
+68
+00:04:28,770 --> 00:04:32,830
+Since the blue light, its refractive index is
+
+69
+00:04:32,830 --> 00:04:37,450
+higher than the red light's refractive index, of
+
+70
+00:04:37,450 --> 00:04:41,030
+course in the same medium, it means that the blue
+
+71
+00:04:41,030 --> 00:04:46,370
+light travels slower and breaks more, that is, it
+
+72
+00:04:46,370 --> 00:04:48,930
+moves away more or approaches more than the
+
+73
+00:04:48,930 --> 00:04:50,810
+service normally, the amount of reduction of the
+
+74
+00:04:50,810 --> 00:04:55,270
+blue lightإذا ما قورنت بكمية انكسار الضوء الأحمر
+
+75
+00:04:55,270 --> 00:04:59,590
+تعتبر أكتر من انكسار الضوء الأحمر بسبب أنه ال
+
+76
+00:04:59,590 --> 00:05:03,010
+refractive index للضوء الأزرق أعلى منه للضوء
+
+77
+00:05:03,010 --> 00:05:07,700
+الأحمر، وهذا معناه الكلامas a result blue light
+
+78
+00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:12,420
+travels more slowly than red light in most media
+
+79
+00:05:12,420 --> 00:05:16,780
+and Snell's law if we apply Snell's law which is
+
+80
+00:05:16,780 --> 00:05:19,780
+the law of contraction which is ni sine theta i
+
+81
+00:05:19,780 --> 00:05:24,180
+equals nt sine theta t if we apply it we will find
+
+82
+00:05:24,180 --> 00:05:29,440
+that the blue light breaks more and changes its
+
+83
+00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:33,630
+path more in a bigger angleمن الضوء الأحمر إذا
+
+84
+00:05:33,630 --> 00:05:37,170
+اتعرضوا لنفس الظروف، نفس الوسط
+
+85
+00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:42,300
+Here I have light outside the glass, this is the
+
+86
+00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:44,520
+surface between the glass and the air, this is the
+
+87
+00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:48,980
+service normal, of course the three wavelengths
+
+88
+00:05:48,980 --> 00:05:51,080
+that are given as an example, the red, the yellow
+
+89
+00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:53,540
+and the blue, the three are away from the service
+
+90
+00:05:53,540 --> 00:05:56,540
+normal, which means θt in all cases is greater
+
+91
+00:05:56,540 --> 00:05:59,720
+than θi, but the reduction of blue light is more
+
+92
+00:05:59,720 --> 00:06:02,920
+than that, either yellow or red, which means in
+
+93
+00:06:02,920 --> 00:06:08,400
+the end, the blue light is more than the red light
+
+94
+00:06:10,110 --> 00:06:12,770
+Before we talk about the up number, which was
+
+95
+00:06:12,770 --> 00:06:15,850
+mentioned in the physical optics lecture, let's
+
+96
+00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:18,170
+see a practical experiment that the blue light
+
+97
+00:06:18,170 --> 00:06:23,610
+means more short circuit, more short circuit,
+
+98
+00:06:23,730 --> 00:06:26,490
+let's watch the video together, but a small part
+
+99
+00:06:26,490 --> 00:06:30,270
+of the video, then we stop. First, before we start
+
+100
+00:06:30,270 --> 00:06:31,910
+the video, this is the source of the light from
+
+101
+00:06:31,910 --> 00:06:35,460
+here, white lightWe will put a prism in its path
+
+102
+00:06:35,460 --> 00:06:41,820
+and see what happens
+
+103
+00:06:41,820 --> 00:06:47,280
+This is the
+
+104
+00:06:47,280 --> 00:06:49,800
+prism, this is the glass ball and this is its top
+
+105
+00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:53,240
+this is the top, this is the top of the librism,
+
+106
+00:06:53,360 --> 00:06:57,680
+and this is its base directed up, directed up. Of
+
+107
+00:06:57,680 --> 00:06:59,700
+course, always when the librism is built, and this
+
+108
+00:06:59,700 --> 00:07:02,320
+will come in its date, the librism always moves
+
+109
+00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:05,420
+the rays towards its base, that is, these rays
+
+110
+00:07:05,420 --> 00:07:08,600
+before entering the librism are its direction, and
+
+111
+00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:10,500
+these after entering the librism have become
+
+112
+00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:12,300
+closer to the base, that is, they have moved in
+
+113
+00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:17,270
+this direction, moved in this direction.The
+
+114
+00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:20,490
+dispersion or التشتت كيف هنلاحظه بدنا نجيب ورق
+
+115
+00:07:20,490 --> 00:07:28,190
+التلقي هنا و نتلقى عليها و نشوف إيش اللي هيحصل
+
+116
+00:07:28,190 --> 00:07:34,330
+معانا، هيك عند هذه النقطة انتهت التجربة واضح إن كل
+
+117
+00:07:34,330 --> 00:07:38,610
+الأشياء انكسرت، كل الأشياء ان��سرت، بس انكسار الضوء
+
+118
+00:07:38,610 --> 00:07:42,090
+الأزرق أقرب للقاعدة من الضوء الأحمر لإنه انكسر
+
+119
+00:07:42,090 --> 00:07:45,710
+بزاوية أكبرSo, away from the main path, the main
+
+120
+00:07:45,710 --> 00:07:50,750
+path to the light, before we put it in its path to
+
+121
+00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:54,050
+the prism, the main path is in the direction of
+
+122
+00:07:54,050 --> 00:07:56,450
+the mouse movement in this direction, so it will
+
+123
+00:07:56,450 --> 00:08:00,360
+light up that blue lightmuch more than the yellow
+
+124
+00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:02,740
+light and more than the red light, why? Because
+
+125
+00:08:02,740 --> 00:08:05,620
+the refractive index for glass material, light
+
+126
+00:08:05,620 --> 00:08:08,420
+enters the glass of the prism, the refractive
+
+127
+00:08:08,420 --> 00:08:10,920
+index for blue is higher than that of yellow,
+
+128
+00:08:11,100 --> 00:08:14,320
+higher than that of red, red is less than them, so
+
+129
+00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:16,680
+therefore the amount of reduction of red is less
+
+130
+00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:19,380
+than the reduction of blue or vice versa, the
+
+131
+00:08:19,380 --> 00:08:21,380
+amount of reduction of blue is more than the
+
+132
+00:08:21,380 --> 00:08:26,810
+reduction of red, more than the reductionAlso here
+
+133
+00:08:26,810 --> 00:08:30,990
+we run the experiment through simulation We say
+
+134
+00:08:30,990 --> 00:08:39,330
+that we have a white light and we place it in its
+
+135
+00:08:39,330 --> 00:08:42,870
+path
+
+136
+00:08:42,870 --> 00:08:50,170
+If
+
+137
+00:08:50,170 --> 00:08:52,310
+you notice here
+
+138
+00:08:54,170 --> 00:08:55,750
+The colors of the bird started to show up for me,
+
+139
+00:08:55,810 --> 00:08:58,750
+more than a defect in myself, then the blue, then
+
+140
+00:08:58,750 --> 00:09:01,130
+.. I mean, the blue if compared to the red, the
+
+141
+00:09:01,130 --> 00:09:03,170
+red is less than a defect, it is in the highest
+
+142
+00:09:03,170 --> 00:09:06,530
+lines of the bird, or the colors of the bird,
+
+143
+00:09:06,810 --> 00:09:08,650
+because it is less than a defect, more than a
+
+144
+00:09:08,650 --> 00:09:10,710
+defect, meaning closer to the base, less than a
+
+145
+00:09:10,710 --> 00:09:14,430
+defect, meaning the angle of the defect is less
+
+146
+00:09:14,430 --> 00:09:20,180
+than if compared to it, which is ..the red light
+
+147
+00:09:20,180 --> 00:09:24,260
+less than the blue light less than the blue light
+
+148
+00:09:24,260 --> 00:09:26,640
+and this phenomenon is called the formation
+
+149
+00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:31,080
+phenomenon the ab number or the V number is a
+
+150
+00:09:31,080 --> 00:09:34,620
+measure of materials dispersion which means that
+
+151
+00:09:34,620 --> 00:09:37,160
+the ab number is a number that indicates
+
+152
+00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:42,270
+dispersionthat the colors of the birds are mixed
+
+153
+00:09:42,270 --> 00:09:44,790
+or I have a range of colors of the birds as a
+
+154
+00:09:44,790 --> 00:09:46,930
+result of their passage in the middle of the air
+
+155
+00:09:46,930 --> 00:09:49,790
+or space, this is called dispersion or the
+
+156
+00:09:49,790 --> 00:09:53,370
+fluctuation of the waves or the color fluctuation
+
+157
+00:09:53,370 --> 00:09:59,210
+The up number or the V number gives me .. gives me
+
+158
+00:09:59,210 --> 00:10:01,510
+the amount of fluctuation, the amount of
+
+159
+00:10:01,510 --> 00:10:05,710
+fluctuation Of course, this up number is called in
+
+160
+00:10:05,710 --> 00:10:10,570
+honor of the German scientist Ernest UpApp number
+
+161
+00:10:10,570 --> 00:10:14,910
+we get or calculate for any glass material or any
+
+162
+00:10:14,910 --> 00:10:19,070
+object or any visual medium through the equation
+
+163
+00:10:19,070 --> 00:10:25,950
+ND minus 1 divided by NF minus NC What is ND and
+
+164
+00:10:25,950 --> 00:10:29,870
+NF and NC? N stands for refractive index, which
+
+165
+00:10:29,870 --> 00:10:33,010
+means I want to get a medium, let's say the medium
+
+166
+00:10:33,010 --> 00:10:35,510
+is C, I want to calculate the app number for it
+
+167
+00:10:35,510 --> 00:10:40,940
+and thereforeI calculate the refractive index for
+
+168
+00:10:40,940 --> 00:10:44,040
+this medium, C, for the wavelength of the wave D,
+
+169
+00:10:44,380 --> 00:10:46,240
+and for the wavelength of the wave F, and for the
+
+170
+00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:48,520
+wavelength of the wave C. If the wavelength of the
+
+171
+00:10:48,520 --> 00:10:50,200
+wave is different, the refractive index is
+
+172
+00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:52,140
+different. Therefore, when I calculate the
+
+173
+00:10:52,140 --> 00:10:54,460
+refractive index for the same medium, for these
+
+174
+00:10:54,460 --> 00:11:00,020
+wave lengths,I enter the refractive index that I
+
+175
+00:11:00,020 --> 00:11:02,260
+calculated in its place in the equation if I get
+
+176
+00:11:02,260 --> 00:11:05,360
+the V number If the V number is high, it means
+
+177
+00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:07,800
+that the medium or the material that I want to
+
+178
+00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:12,000
+make lenses from is considered good for making
+
+179
+00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:20,340
+lenses If the medium has a low V number or up
+
+180
+00:11:20,340 --> 00:11:25,180
+number, it means that the material is bad to make
+
+181
+00:11:25,180 --> 00:11:31,480
+from itWhere ND and NF and NC are the refractive
+
+182
+00:11:31,480 --> 00:11:36,140
+indices of the Fraunhofer DF and C spectral lines
+
+183
+00:11:36,140 --> 00:11:39,260
+الأطوال الموجية اللي هي خمسمية و تسعة و تمانية و
+
+184
+00:11:39,260 --> 00:11:42,640
+إتنية من عشرة نانومتر أربعمية و ستة و تمانية و أحد
+
+185
+00:11:42,640 --> 00:11:46,340
+من عشرة نانومتر و ستمية و ستة و فمسينة و تلاتة من
+
+186
+00:11:46,340 --> 00:11:48,790
+عشرة نانومترnanometer respectively. Of course,
+
+187
+00:11:48,890 --> 00:11:51,930
+these numbers are not required to memorize. What
+
+188
+00:11:51,930 --> 00:11:54,370
+is required is to know that the low dispersion
+
+189
+00:11:54,370 --> 00:11:58,670
+material, the materials or the visual mediums that
+
+190
+00:11:58,670 --> 00:12:01,410
+make a little distortion, that is, good, because
+
+191
+00:12:01,410 --> 00:12:08,140
+they do not distort much, haveLow chromatic
+
+192
+00:12:08,140 --> 00:12:13,260
+dispersion, طبعا have high values of V يعني كل
+
+193
+00:12:13,260 --> 00:12:16,840
+مكان V أعلى كل مكان أفضل و V اللي هو ال up number
+
+194
+00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:20,920
+كل مكان أعلى كل مكان أفضل لإنه يكون تشتيت الوسط أو
+
+195
+00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:26,210
+تشتيت المادة قليل وهذا مطلوب في صناعة العدسةHigh
+
+196
+00:12:26,210 --> 00:12:29,150
+dispersion materials على العكس لما بكون انديماد ده
+
+197
+00:12:29,150 --> 00:12:34,710
+أو وسط بصري بشتت كتير have low values of V up
+
+198
+00:12:34,710 --> 00:12:37,850
+number for common optical media typically range
+
+199
+00:12:37,850 --> 00:12:42,390
+from 20 ل70 كل مكان أقرب لل 70 كل مكان أفضل كل
+
+200
+00:12:42,390 --> 00:12:47,650
+مكان أقرب لل 20 كل مكان أسوأ و تشتيته أكتر و
+
+201
+00:12:47,650 --> 00:12:54,420
+تشتيته أكترand this word was also explained in the
+
+202
+00:12:54,420 --> 00:12:56,700
+article Physical Optics
+
+203
+00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:05,400
+reflection and refraction at curved surfaces at
+
+204
+00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:09,400
+curved surfaces until now, if we notice that all
+
+205
+00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:13,500
+the gaps between two materials, between air and
+
+206
+00:13:13,500 --> 00:13:16,380
+glass, between air and water, etc. we used to draw
+
+207
+00:13:16,380 --> 00:13:20,660
+them flatly, flatly but it is known that our
+
+208
+00:13:20,660 --> 00:13:24,200
+lenses are mostly curved, our lenses are mostly
+
+209
+00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:28,700
+curved and therefore, I mean, if we wanted to draw
+
+210
+00:13:30,100 --> 00:13:35,400
+عدسة هي كده بس بشكل بسيط، بنقول العدسة سواء plus
+
+211
+00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:39,980
+أو minus، سطحها بيكون منحني، سطحها بيكون منحني، و
+
+212
+00:13:39,980 --> 00:13:45,080
+هذا بالتالي ضروري نعرف الأن الانكسار أو الانعكاس
+
+213
+00:13:45,080 --> 00:13:50,680
+على سطح منحني، على سطح منحني، بنقول for the sake
+
+214
+00:13:50,680 --> 00:13:54,330
+of simplicityThe laws of reflection and refraction
+
+215
+00:13:54,330 --> 00:13:58,610
+were illustrated at flat optical interfaces يعني
+
+216
+00:13:58,610 --> 00:14:04,670
+بحثا عن التبصيد كل ما مضى كان بنستخدم فيه رسومات
+
+217
+00:14:04,670 --> 00:14:09,670
+بتبين أن السطح الفاصل بين وسطين هو سطح flat وهذا
+
+218
+00:14:09,670 --> 00:14:13,390
+في حقيقة القمر يعني لا يحاكي الحياة العملية
+
+219
+00:14:13,390 --> 00:14:17,690
+المعتادة اللي فيها النضارات، عدسات النضارات أو
+
+220
+00:14:17,690 --> 00:14:22,830
+العدسات اللاصقة أو أي عدسات أخرىغالبا، غالبا بتكون
+
+221
+00:14:22,830 --> 00:14:29,010
+curved surfaces يعني سطوح منحنية، اذا however most
+
+222
+00:14:29,010 --> 00:14:33,010
+optical elements have curved surfaces، have curved
+
+223
+00:14:33,010 --> 00:14:33,550
+surfaces
+
+224
+00:14:36,030 --> 00:14:38,790
+the law of reflection or refraction to care
+
+225
+00:14:38,790 --> 00:14:42,070
+services, the position of the service normal must
+
+226
+00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:45,630
+be determined. Because the angle of incidence and
+
+227
+00:14:45,630 --> 00:14:48,930
+the reflection and refraction are defined with
+
+228
+00:14:48,930 --> 00:14:51,850
+respect to the service normal. لو أنا عندي سطح
+
+229
+00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:57,050
+منحني، بنرجع بنرسم هذا السطح مرة أخرى، في الفرار
+
+230
+00:14:57,050 --> 00:15:03,330
+لو أنا عندي سطح مثلا منحني، عدسة، بيضاوية الشكل
+
+231
+00:15:04,390 --> 00:15:14,310
+والضوء مثلا ضرب فيها في
+
+232
+00:15:14,310 --> 00:15:17,250
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب فيها في النقطة هذه الضوء
+
+233
+00:15:17,250 --> 00:15:24,390
+مثلا ضرب فيها في النقطة هذه الضوء
+
+234
+00:15:24,390 --> 00:15:28,170
+مثلا ضرب فيها في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في
+
+235
+00:15:28,170 --> 00:15:29,730
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا
+
+236
+00:15:29,730 --> 00:15:30,270
+ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه
+
+237
+00:15:30,270 --> 00:15:30,410
+الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في
+
+238
+00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:30,510
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا
+
+239
+00:15:30,510 --> 00:15:30,570
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا
+
+240
+00:15:30,570 --> 00:15:34,000
+ضThe service normal after we draw it, it will be
+
+241
+00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,180
+the angle between the service normal and the beam,
+
+242
+00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:42,700
+it will be the angle of fall, and then I apply the
+
+243
+00:15:42,700 --> 00:15:45,840
+law of reflection and the law of contraction, the
+
+244
+00:15:45,840 --> 00:15:47,720
+law of reflection of the reflected light, and the
+
+245
+00:15:47,720 --> 00:15:52,280
+law of contraction of the reflected light, if we
+
+246
+00:15:52,280 --> 00:15:56,910
+imagine that here I have the service normalit
+
+247
+00:15:56,910 --> 00:15:59,390
+becomes this is the angle of fall, it becomes this
+
+248
+00:15:59,390 --> 00:16:03,090
+is the angle of fall Of course, it is not simply
+
+249
+00:16:03,090 --> 00:16:08,410
+what we imagine because it is a three-dimensional
+
+250
+00:16:08,410 --> 00:16:12,730
+white object So, to find the normal surface, you
+
+251
+00:16:12,730 --> 00:16:16,370
+need to draw curves at the point .. at the point
+
+252
+00:16:16,370 --> 00:16:21,390
+where the beam hit the surface of the lens or the
+
+253
+00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:25,600
+curved surface .. or the curved surfaceSo, it is
+
+254
+00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:30,740
+very important to use mathematical equations and
+
+255
+00:16:30,740 --> 00:16:33,740
+these equations are kind of complicated and make
+
+256
+00:16:33,740 --> 00:16:38,540
+it difficult for a person to .. I mean .. I mean
+
+257
+00:16:38,540 --> 00:16:41,700
+it takes time and effort to have the service
+
+258
+00:16:41,700 --> 00:16:45,080
+normal to one beam, to one beam It is known that
+
+259
+00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:48,280
+every lost point in the object .. every lost point
+
+260
+00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:51,340
+in the object sends thousands of rays and hundreds
+
+261
+00:16:51,340 --> 00:16:52,900
+of thousands of rays and a number that is not
+
+262
+00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:56,230
+limited to those raysin all directions, and
+
+263
+00:16:56,230 --> 00:16:58,910
+hundreds of thousands of rays enter the optical
+
+264
+00:16:58,910 --> 00:17:02,830
+system, which is the camera or lens. So
+
+265
+00:17:05,730 --> 00:17:10,730
+to apply عشان نطبق قانون الانعكاس وقانون الانكسار
+
+266
+00:17:10,730 --> 00:17:14,490
+to curved surfaces على السطوح المنحنية the
+
+267
+00:17:14,490 --> 00:17:18,150
+position of the surface normal must be determined
+
+268
+00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:21,070
+because ليش بدنا نحدد ال surface normal؟ إيش
+
+269
+00:17:21,070 --> 00:17:23,930
+الهدف؟ لأنه قبل ما نحدد ال surface normal اللي
+
+270
+00:17:23,930 --> 00:17:27,250
+هنعرف ال angle of incidenceولا ال angle of
+
+271
+00:17:27,250 --> 00:17:29,770
+reflection ولا ال angle of refraction أو
+
+272
+00:17:29,770 --> 00:17:34,250
+transmission ليش؟ لأن هدولة التلت زوايا هما زوايا
+
+273
+00:17:34,250 --> 00:17:38,810
+محصورة بين service normal وبين الشعاع الساقط أو
+
+274
+00:17:38,810 --> 00:17:42,150
+الشعاع المنعكس أو الشعاع المار يعني ال service
+
+275
+00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:45,870
+normal ضروري تم تحديله once the position of the
+
+276
+00:17:45,870 --> 00:17:49,290
+service normal is known, the laws of refraction
+
+277
+00:17:49,290 --> 00:17:53,870
+and reflection define the relationship between the
+
+278
+00:17:53,870 --> 00:17:57,900
+angle of incidenceand the angles of refraction and
+
+279
+00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:01,120
+reflection respectively يعني لو احنا بنحكي عن
+
+280
+00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:05,000
+انعكاس بنقول اضنو انعكس كده اوجدنا ال service
+
+281
+00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:08,420
+normal بعد ما اوجدنا ال service normal هنجيس
+
+282
+00:18:08,420 --> 00:18:11,380
+الزاوية هاي ونقول عنها زاوية السقوط طبعا في
+
+283
+00:18:11,380 --> 00:18:14,560
+الانعكاس بنقول زاوية السقوط تساوي زاوية الانعكس
+
+284
+00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:17,060
+اذا طلعت هاي معايا تلاتين degree معناته زاوية
+
+285
+00:18:17,060 --> 00:18:21,120
+الانعكس تلاتين degree طيب الان الجزء اللي انكسر
+
+286
+00:18:21,460 --> 00:18:24,780
+الجزء الانكسار بتطبق عليه قانون الانكسار او
+
+287
+00:18:24,780 --> 00:18:28,140
+Snell's law بنقول هنا الزاوية تلاتين و هنا الهوى
+
+288
+00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:35,600
+اذا sin او ni اللي هو الهوى واحد ضرب sin theta i
+
+289
+00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:40,180
+جيب التلاتين يساوي nt sin theta t اللي هو قانون
+
+290
+00:18:40,180 --> 00:18:44,530
+الانكسار ni sin theta iit's equal to nt sin theta
+
+291
+00:18:44,530 --> 00:18:50,010
+t and then I get theta t and I draw the broken
+
+292
+00:18:50,010 --> 00:18:52,570
+beam and I know the angle of the break or the
+
+293
+00:18:52,570 --> 00:18:55,470
+angle of the passage. So the first thing I have to
+
+294
+00:18:55,470 --> 00:19:01,030
+do is to find the normal service and we said it's
+
+295
+00:19:01,030 --> 00:19:07,950
+not easy to understandWhile there is a
+
+296
+00:19:07,950 --> 00:19:10,450
+mathematical procedure for determining the
+
+297
+00:19:10,450 --> 00:19:13,290
+position of the service normal in any situation,
+
+298
+00:19:13,770 --> 00:19:16,530
+the details of it are beyond the scope of this
+
+299
+00:19:16,530 --> 00:19:21,310
+text Of course, there is a mathematical method, a
+
+300
+00:19:21,310 --> 00:19:24,630
+calculative method to find the service normal at
+
+301
+00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:29,390
+every pointI mean it touched the optical system
+
+302
+00:19:29,390 --> 00:19:33,690
+But this method is not simple and complicated And
+
+303
+00:19:33,690 --> 00:19:39,410
+geometric optics does not rely on mathematical and
+
+304
+00:19:39,410 --> 00:19:42,010
+mathematical methods to find the normal surface
+
+305
+00:19:42,010 --> 00:19:44,950
+Because this method is complicated and tiring and
+
+306
+00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:49,820
+it will take a lot of timewhile this science
+
+307
+00:19:49,820 --> 00:19:52,620
+studies the journey of light and the meaning of
+
+308
+00:19:52,620 --> 00:19:58,800
+how light got its way in an easy way without
+
+309
+00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:03,180
+having big computational complexities and at the
+
+310
+00:20:03,180 --> 00:20:06,120
+same time it has to be a precise way, precise but
+
+311
+00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:11,450
+easyFor selected geometric shapes, for selected
+
+312
+00:20:11,450 --> 00:20:14,250
+geometric shapes, however the position of the
+
+313
+00:20:14,250 --> 00:20:17,990
+surface normal is easy to determine, is easy to
+
+314
+00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:20,150
+determine There are some specific mechanical
+
+315
+00:20:20,150 --> 00:20:25,330
+shapes that we can simply define the surface
+
+316
+00:20:25,330 --> 00:20:28,790
+normal without calculations and we mean in this
+
+317
+00:20:28,790 --> 00:20:31,950
+case the spherical body, the spherical body when
+
+318
+00:20:31,950 --> 00:20:37,680
+we say we have ballsWe have a ball. The spherical
+
+319
+00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:41,940
+body is enough to extend from the center of the
+
+320
+00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:44,780
+ball to its surroundings, to any point on the
+
+321
+00:20:44,780 --> 00:20:47,400
+surroundings. I extend a line. This line is
+
+322
+00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:49,340
+considered vertical on the line. This line is
+
+323
+00:20:49,340 --> 00:20:52,080
+considered vertical on the line. That is, if I
+
+324
+00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:56,400
+extend ..
+
+325
+00:20:56,400 --> 00:21:02,800
+I prefer to go to a new slide Or
+
+326
+00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:06,530
+this is a drawn slideWe say as follows, here I
+
+327
+00:21:06,530 --> 00:21:10,270
+have a ball, and this is the incidence ratio of
+
+328
+00:21:10,270 --> 00:21:14,610
+the dropped ball It hit the ball, the ball is a
+
+329
+00:21:14,610 --> 00:21:16,950
+complete ball, it's a glass ball, it hit the drop
+
+330
+00:21:16,950 --> 00:21:20,590
+at this point So in order to get the normal
+
+331
+00:21:20,590 --> 00:21:22,450
+surface at this point, I extend a line from the
+
+332
+00:21:22,450 --> 00:21:23,150
+center of the ball
+
+333
+00:21:27,380 --> 00:21:30,020
+pass through this point and extend to infinity.
+
+334
+00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:33,420
+This line is considered vertical on the surface
+
+335
+00:21:33,420 --> 00:21:38,020
+because it is known in engineering that any line
+
+336
+00:21:38,020 --> 00:21:40,890
+that passes through the center of the ballAny line
+
+337
+00:21:40,890 --> 00:21:42,830
+that passes through the center of the ball is
+
+338
+00:21:42,830 --> 00:21:45,410
+considered vertical on the surface So if I pass
+
+339
+00:21:45,410 --> 00:21:46,790
+through a line like this, it is considered
+
+340
+00:21:46,790 --> 00:21:48,930
+vertical on the surface This line which is this
+
+341
+00:21:48,930 --> 00:21:52,230
+line is vertical on the surface So any line that
+
+342
+00:21:52,230 --> 00:21:53,830
+passes through the center of the ball is
+
+343
+00:21:53,830 --> 00:21:56,110
+considered vertical on the surface of the ball and
+
+344
+00:21:56,110 --> 00:21:58,470
+therefore finding the service is normal, it is
+
+345
+00:21:58,470 --> 00:22:00,870
+considered easy, but only for the body of the
+
+346
+00:22:00,870 --> 00:22:05,210
+ball, only for the bodySo, for selected geometric
+
+347
+00:22:05,210 --> 00:22:08,590
+shapes, however, the position of surface normal is
+
+348
+00:22:08,590 --> 00:22:12,590
+easy to determine. In particular, the normal, the
+
+349
+00:22:12,590 --> 00:22:15,610
+column, the spherical surface always intersects
+
+350
+00:22:15,610 --> 00:22:17,690
+the center of the sphere. And this is from
+
+351
+00:22:17,690 --> 00:22:20,850
+engineering science that was learned in schools
+
+352
+00:22:20,850 --> 00:22:25,330
+that any column on the surface of the ball must
+
+353
+00:22:25,330 --> 00:22:27,610
+pass through its center. Any column on the surface
+
+354
+00:22:27,610 --> 00:22:31,740
+of the ball must alwaysيقطع المركز، يعني لو مديت
+
+355
+00:22:31,740 --> 00:22:36,120
+هذا العمود للداخل، هتلاقيه بيمر في المركز، في
+
+356
+00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:40,660
+المركز For example, the following figure shows a
+
+357
+00:22:40,660 --> 00:22:43,460
+ray incident on a spherical surface, the incident
+
+358
+00:22:43,460 --> 00:22:47,000
+ray is two centimeters above and parallel to the
+
+359
+00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:50,520
+optical axis، يعني هذا ال incident ray، شعاع
+
+360
+00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:54,850
+الساقطIt means higher than the optical axis by 2
+
+361
+00:22:54,850 --> 00:22:58,310
+cm and parallel to the optical axis multiplied by
+
+362
+00:22:58,310 --> 00:23:04,180
+the point Cمس سطح الكرا لمس سطح الكرا عند النقطة
+
+363
+00:23:04,180 --> 00:23:08,920
+سين وعشان أجيب زاوية السقوط بأوصل بين مركز الكرا
+
+364
+00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:13,120
+ونقطة سين و بمده إلى مالة نهاية، إذا هذه هي θ I
+
+365
+00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:16,400
+اللي هي زاوية السقوط، زاوية السقوط The service
+
+366
+00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:20,520
+normal is found with the extension بإنه المد of
+
+367
+00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:23,720
+line connecting the center of the service to the
+
+368
+00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:27,120
+point where the incident ray strikes the service
+
+369
+00:23:27,250 --> 00:23:31,750
+يعني بمد خط من ال center of the surface of the
+
+370
+00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:34,730
+spherical surface ال center بتاع بمد خط to the
+
+371
+00:23:34,730 --> 00:23:37,870
+point where the incident ray strikes the surface
+
+372
+00:23:37,870 --> 00:23:41,990
+لنقطة اللي بيضرب فيها ال incident ray strikes يعني
+
+373
+00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:48,150
+يضرب او يرتطن بال surface بامد خط من المركز لنقطة
+
+374
+00:23:48,150 --> 00:23:53,050
+حيث ارتطم الشعاع الساقط ثم امده بعد ذلك قليلا فهذا
+
+375
+00:23:53,050 --> 00:23:57,130
+يعتبر ال surface normalوبالتالي الزاوية المحصورة
+
+376
+00:23:57,130 --> 00:23:59,730
+بين ال service normal و ال incident ray هي زاوية
+
+377
+00:23:59,730 --> 00:24:06,430
+السقوط θI, the angle of incidenceand the sine of
+
+378
+00:24:06,430 --> 00:24:09,350
+the angle of incidence, أنا بعرف الزاوية، بجيسها
+
+379
+00:24:09,350 --> 00:24:14,710
+بالمنجلة، و بجيب جيبها، و بحسب بطريقة حساب
+
+380
+00:24:14,710 --> 00:24:18,990
+المثلثات البسيطة، طالما عرف الزاوية، بنعرف جيب
+
+381
+00:24:18,990 --> 00:24:22,470
+الزاوية، و بالتالي بتم تدخيل هذه المعلومات في
+
+382
+00:24:22,470 --> 00:24:27,450
+قانون الانكسار، اللي بنص على ان ن I sine theta I
+
+383
+00:24:27,450 --> 00:24:32,620
+يساوي NT sineand theta T. Of course, Ni is the
+
+384
+00:24:32,620 --> 00:24:36,680
+refractive index of the light falling from the
+
+385
+00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,480
+object, and Nt is the refractive index of the
+
+386
+00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:44,080
+light going to the glass ball, so they are known
+
+387
+00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:46,600
+as Salafan, and at the end I get the angle of
+
+388
+00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:48,820
+deflection or the angle of deflection
+
+389
+00:24:53,450 --> 00:24:57,970
+هنتوقف عند ال firmat principle و هنتحدث عنه المرة
+
+390
+00:24:57,970 --> 00:25:03,530
+الماضية .. المرة القادمة عفوًا بس هنا هنتوقف عشان
+
+391
+00:25:03,530 --> 00:25:08,070
+نعرف انه المحاضرة هي كانت على انه بدنا احنا بدنا
+
+392
+00:25:08,070 --> 00:25:11,970
+نتعامل مع سقوط الضوء على أسطح منحنية و اللي هي
+
+393
+00:25:11,970 --> 00:25:16,390
+الأسطح الغالب استعمالها في حياتنا العملية من
+
+394
+00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:20,550
+نضارات و عدسات لاصقة و ما إلى ذلك و يعطيكم العافية
+
+395
+00:25:20,550 --> 00:25:22,990
+و السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركة
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/_JqRXpYw4i4_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1588 @@
+1
+00:00:01,650 --> 00:00:05,710
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنواصل محاضرات الـ
+
+2
+00:00:05,710 --> 00:00:08,570
+Geometric Optics، واتوقفنا المرة الماضية عند ال
+
+3
+00:00:08,570 --> 00:00:14,730
+dispersion أو التشتت بتاع الموجات الضوئية، وبنحكي
+
+4
+00:00:14,730 --> 00:00:17,490
+أنه with the exception of a vacuum، باستثناء
+
+5
+00:00:17,490 --> 00:00:20,710
+الفرار، which always has a refractive index of
+
+6
+00:00:20,710 --> 00:00:26,150
+one،Refractive indices are not fixed values بمعنى
+
+7
+00:00:26,150 --> 00:00:31,010
+كل مادة أو وسط بصري إله أكتر من refractive index
+
+8
+00:00:31,010 --> 00:00:35,690
+يعني إله refractive index لكل طول موجي معين لو
+
+9
+00:00:35,690 --> 00:00:39,990
+حبينا نشوف القضية هاي و نشوف ال refractive index
+
+10
+00:00:39,990 --> 00:00:43,330
+يعني
+
+11
+00:00:43,330 --> 00:00:44,990
+احنا بنقول احنا الآن
+
+12
+00:00:52,910 --> 00:00:58,670
+The refractive index of the red wave length is one
+
+13
+00:00:58,670 --> 00:01:02,310
+and a half. We want to see the refractive index of
+
+14
+00:01:02,310 --> 00:01:05,070
+light when the wave length changes. The substance
+
+15
+00:01:05,070 --> 00:01:07,030
+will remain as it is, which is the substance of
+
+16
+00:01:07,030 --> 00:01:10,850
+the glass. We say that the shorter the wave
+
+17
+00:01:10,850 --> 00:01:14,370
+length, the higher the refractive index.If we
+
+18
+00:01:14,370 --> 00:01:17,110
+focus on this number which is in front of us and
+
+19
+00:01:17,110 --> 00:01:19,430
+which is indicated by the mouse We say that the
+
+20
+00:01:19,430 --> 00:01:23,550
+shorter the wavelength of the wave The shorter the
+
+21
+00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:27,550
+wavelength of the wave The more the refractive
+
+22
+00:01:27,550 --> 00:01:29,790
+index increases The more the refractive index
+
+23
+00:01:29,790 --> 00:01:33,790
+increases Well, if I have a gap in the middle Or
+
+24
+00:01:33,790 --> 00:01:37,370
+air, meaning a dispute We will see what will
+
+25
+00:01:37,370 --> 00:01:41,970
+happen to us Whether it increases Whether it
+
+26
+00:01:41,970 --> 00:01:42,090
+increases
+
+27
+00:01:46,190 --> 00:01:48,570
+the wavelength, or whether it's less than the
+
+28
+00:01:48,570 --> 00:01:51,710
+wavelength, the refractive index remains the same,
+
+29
+00:01:51,810 --> 00:01:54,630
+it doesn't change The refractive index, which is
+
+30
+00:01:54,630 --> 00:01:57,490
+one, doesn't change because the speed of the
+
+31
+00:01:57,490 --> 00:02:01,590
+different wavelengths .. the speed of the
+
+32
+00:02:01,590 --> 00:02:06,170
+different wavelengths travels
+
+33
+00:02:06,170 --> 00:02:10,730
+at the same speed in space or in the air while any
+
+34
+00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:12,850
+other substance .. we gave an example of glass
+
+35
+00:02:12,850 --> 00:02:14,550
+because we take water as the middle of another
+
+36
+00:02:14,550 --> 00:02:20,470
+onionWe say as follows, when the wave length
+
+37
+00:02:20,470 --> 00:02:22,590
+changes, the refractive index also changes
+
+38
+00:02:24,350 --> 00:02:25,910
+refractive index will increase as long as it
+
+39
+00:02:25,910 --> 00:02:28,930
+reduces the wavelength of the wave Refractive
+
+40
+00:02:28,930 --> 00:02:34,350
+index will increase as long as it reduces the
+
+41
+00:02:34,350 --> 00:02:38,770
+wavelength of the wave Refractive index will
+
+42
+00:02:38,770 --> 00:02:44,450
+decrease as long as it reduces the wavelength of
+
+43
+00:02:44,450 --> 00:02:45,450
+the wave
+
+44
+00:02:48,590 --> 00:02:54,190
+الrefractive index وطول الموجي لضوء المعرر في وسط
+
+45
+00:02:54,190 --> 00:02:58,810
+ما، في وسط ما. So with the exception of a vacuum
+
+46
+00:02:58,810 --> 00:03:02,050
+which always has a refractive index of one,
+
+47
+00:03:02,630 --> 00:03:05,970
+refractive indices are not fixed values, are not
+
+48
+00:03:05,970 --> 00:03:09,700
+fixed valuesThey vary as a function of wavelength.
+
+49
+00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:12,980
+In general, refractive indices are higher for
+
+50
+00:03:12,980 --> 00:03:18,080
+short wavelength and lower for long wavelength. As
+
+51
+00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:26,180
+a
+
+52
+00:03:26,180 --> 00:03:31,080
+result, blue light travels more slowly than red
+
+53
+00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:34,990
+light in most media.And Snell's law predicts
+
+54
+00:03:34,990 --> 00:03:38,590
+greater angle of refraction for blue light than
+
+55
+00:03:38,590 --> 00:03:39,570
+for red light
+
+56
+00:03:44,600 --> 00:03:47,700
+Slower than the speed of the red light Or if we
+
+57
+00:03:47,700 --> 00:03:50,620
+want to talk in another sentence Since the
+
+58
+00:03:50,620 --> 00:03:54,580
+refractive index of any medium for the blue light
+
+59
+00:03:54,580 --> 00:03:57,200
+is higher than that of the red light for the same
+
+60
+00:03:57,200 --> 00:04:00,600
+medium We are talking about a fixed medium, water,
+
+61
+00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:03,240
+we are not going to change the water The
+
+62
+00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:06,520
+refractive index of the blue light, of the blue
+
+63
+00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:10,630
+light compared to the waterone, three, four, five,
+
+64
+00:04:10,690 --> 00:04:14,370
+while for the red light it's less, one, three,
+
+65
+00:04:14,530 --> 00:04:19,370
+three, two The higher the refractive index, this
+
+66
+00:04:19,370 --> 00:04:23,470
+means that the light travels slower and breaks
+
+67
+00:04:23,470 --> 00:04:26,770
+more and breaks more
+
+68
+00:04:28,770 --> 00:04:32,830
+Since the blue light, its refractive index is
+
+69
+00:04:32,830 --> 00:04:37,450
+higher than the red light's refractive index, of
+
+70
+00:04:37,450 --> 00:04:41,030
+course in the same medium, it means that the blue
+
+71
+00:04:41,030 --> 00:04:46,370
+light travels slower and breaks more, that is, it
+
+72
+00:04:46,370 --> 00:04:48,930
+moves away more or approaches more than the
+
+73
+00:04:48,930 --> 00:04:50,810
+service normally, the amount of reduction of the
+
+74
+00:04:50,810 --> 00:04:55,270
+blue lightإذا ما قورنت بكمية انكسار الضوء الأحمر
+
+75
+00:04:55,270 --> 00:04:59,590
+تعتبر أكتر من انكسار الضوء الأحمر بسبب أنه ال
+
+76
+00:04:59,590 --> 00:05:03,010
+refractive index للضوء الأزرق أعلى منه للضوء
+
+77
+00:05:03,010 --> 00:05:07,700
+الأحمر، وهذا معناه الكلامas a result blue light
+
+78
+00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:12,420
+travels more slowly than red light in most media
+
+79
+00:05:12,420 --> 00:05:16,780
+and Snell's law if we apply Snell's law which is
+
+80
+00:05:16,780 --> 00:05:19,780
+the law of contraction which is ni sine theta i
+
+81
+00:05:19,780 --> 00:05:24,180
+equals nt sine theta t if we apply it we will find
+
+82
+00:05:24,180 --> 00:05:29,440
+that the blue light breaks more and changes its
+
+83
+00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:33,630
+path more in a bigger angleمن الضوء الأحمر إذا
+
+84
+00:05:33,630 --> 00:05:37,170
+اتعرضوا لنفس الظروف، نفس الوسط
+
+85
+00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:42,300
+Here I have light outside the glass, this is the
+
+86
+00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:44,520
+surface between the glass and the air, this is the
+
+87
+00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:48,980
+service normal, of course the three wavelengths
+
+88
+00:05:48,980 --> 00:05:51,080
+that are given as an example, the red, the yellow
+
+89
+00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:53,540
+and the blue, the three are away from the service
+
+90
+00:05:53,540 --> 00:05:56,540
+normal, which means θt in all cases is greater
+
+91
+00:05:56,540 --> 00:05:59,720
+than θi, but the reduction of blue light is more
+
+92
+00:05:59,720 --> 00:06:02,920
+than that, either yellow or red, which means in
+
+93
+00:06:02,920 --> 00:06:08,400
+the end, the blue light is more than the red light
+
+94
+00:06:10,110 --> 00:06:12,770
+Before we talk about the up number, which was
+
+95
+00:06:12,770 --> 00:06:15,850
+mentioned in the physical optics lecture, let's
+
+96
+00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:18,170
+see a practical experiment that the blue light
+
+97
+00:06:18,170 --> 00:06:23,610
+means more short circuit, more short circuit,
+
+98
+00:06:23,730 --> 00:06:26,490
+let's watch the video together, but a small part
+
+99
+00:06:26,490 --> 00:06:30,270
+of the video, then we stop. First, before we start
+
+100
+00:06:30,270 --> 00:06:31,910
+the video, this is the source of the light from
+
+101
+00:06:31,910 --> 00:06:35,460
+here, white lightWe will put a prism in its path
+
+102
+00:06:35,460 --> 00:06:41,820
+and see what happens
+
+103
+00:06:41,820 --> 00:06:47,280
+This is the
+
+104
+00:06:47,280 --> 00:06:49,800
+prism, this is the glass ball and this is its top
+
+105
+00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:53,240
+this is the top, this is the top of the librism,
+
+106
+00:06:53,360 --> 00:06:57,680
+and this is its base directed up, directed up. Of
+
+107
+00:06:57,680 --> 00:06:59,700
+course, always when the librism is built, and this
+
+108
+00:06:59,700 --> 00:07:02,320
+will come in its date, the librism always moves
+
+109
+00:07:02,320 --> 00:07:05,420
+the rays towards its base, that is, these rays
+
+110
+00:07:05,420 --> 00:07:08,600
+before entering the librism are its direction, and
+
+111
+00:07:08,600 --> 00:07:10,500
+these after entering the librism have become
+
+112
+00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:12,300
+closer to the base, that is, they have moved in
+
+113
+00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:17,270
+this direction, moved in this direction.The
+
+114
+00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:20,490
+dispersion or التشتت كيف هنلاحظه بدنا نجيب ورق
+
+115
+00:07:20,490 --> 00:07:28,190
+التلقي هنا و نتلقى عليها و نشوف إيش اللي هيحصل
+
+116
+00:07:28,190 --> 00:07:34,330
+معانا، هيك عند هذه النقطة انتهت التجربة واضح إن كل
+
+117
+00:07:34,330 --> 00:07:38,610
+الأشياء انكسرت، كل الأشياء ان��سرت، بس انكسار الضوء
+
+118
+00:07:38,610 --> 00:07:42,090
+الأزرق أقرب للقاعدة من الضوء الأحمر لإنه انكسر
+
+119
+00:07:42,090 --> 00:07:45,710
+بزاوية أكبرSo, away from the main path, the main
+
+120
+00:07:45,710 --> 00:07:50,750
+path to the light, before we put it in its path to
+
+121
+00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:54,050
+the prism, the main path is in the direction of
+
+122
+00:07:54,050 --> 00:07:56,450
+the mouse movement in this direction, so it will
+
+123
+00:07:56,450 --> 00:08:00,360
+light up that blue lightmuch more than the yellow
+
+124
+00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:02,740
+light and more than the red light, why? Because
+
+125
+00:08:02,740 --> 00:08:05,620
+the refractive index for glass material, light
+
+126
+00:08:05,620 --> 00:08:08,420
+enters the glass of the prism, the refractive
+
+127
+00:08:08,420 --> 00:08:10,920
+index for blue is higher than that of yellow,
+
+128
+00:08:11,100 --> 00:08:14,320
+higher than that of red, red is less than them, so
+
+129
+00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:16,680
+therefore the amount of reduction of red is less
+
+130
+00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:19,380
+than the reduction of blue or vice versa, the
+
+131
+00:08:19,380 --> 00:08:21,380
+amount of reduction of blue is more than the
+
+132
+00:08:21,380 --> 00:08:26,810
+reduction of red, more than the reductionAlso here
+
+133
+00:08:26,810 --> 00:08:30,990
+we run the experiment through simulation We say
+
+134
+00:08:30,990 --> 00:08:39,330
+that we have a white light and we place it in its
+
+135
+00:08:39,330 --> 00:08:42,870
+path
+
+136
+00:08:42,870 --> 00:08:50,170
+If
+
+137
+00:08:50,170 --> 00:08:52,310
+you notice here
+
+138
+00:08:54,170 --> 00:08:55,750
+The colors of the bird started to show up for me,
+
+139
+00:08:55,810 --> 00:08:58,750
+more than a defect in myself, then the blue, then
+
+140
+00:08:58,750 --> 00:09:01,130
+.. I mean, the blue if compared to the red, the
+
+141
+00:09:01,130 --> 00:09:03,170
+red is less than a defect, it is in the highest
+
+142
+00:09:03,170 --> 00:09:06,530
+lines of the bird, or the colors of the bird,
+
+143
+00:09:06,810 --> 00:09:08,650
+because it is less than a defect, more than a
+
+144
+00:09:08,650 --> 00:09:10,710
+defect, meaning closer to the base, less than a
+
+145
+00:09:10,710 --> 00:09:14,430
+defect, meaning the angle of the defect is less
+
+146
+00:09:14,430 --> 00:09:20,180
+than if compared to it, which is ..the red light
+
+147
+00:09:20,180 --> 00:09:24,260
+less than the blue light less than the blue light
+
+148
+00:09:24,260 --> 00:09:26,640
+and this phenomenon is called the formation
+
+149
+00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:31,080
+phenomenon the ab number or the V number is a
+
+150
+00:09:31,080 --> 00:09:34,620
+measure of materials dispersion which means that
+
+151
+00:09:34,620 --> 00:09:37,160
+the ab number is a number that indicates
+
+152
+00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:42,270
+dispersionthat the colors of the birds are mixed
+
+153
+00:09:42,270 --> 00:09:44,790
+or I have a range of colors of the birds as a
+
+154
+00:09:44,790 --> 00:09:46,930
+result of their passage in the middle of the air
+
+155
+00:09:46,930 --> 00:09:49,790
+or space, this is called dispersion or the
+
+156
+00:09:49,790 --> 00:09:53,370
+fluctuation of the waves or the color fluctuation
+
+157
+00:09:53,370 --> 00:09:59,210
+The up number or the V number gives me .. gives me
+
+158
+00:09:59,210 --> 00:10:01,510
+the amount of fluctuation, the amount of
+
+159
+00:10:01,510 --> 00:10:05,710
+fluctuation Of course, this up number is called in
+
+160
+00:10:05,710 --> 00:10:10,570
+honor of the German scientist Ernest UpApp number
+
+161
+00:10:10,570 --> 00:10:14,910
+we get or calculate for any glass material or any
+
+162
+00:10:14,910 --> 00:10:19,070
+object or any visual medium through the equation
+
+163
+00:10:19,070 --> 00:10:25,950
+ND minus 1 divided by NF minus NC What is ND and
+
+164
+00:10:25,950 --> 00:10:29,870
+NF and NC? N stands for refractive index, which
+
+165
+00:10:29,870 --> 00:10:33,010
+means I want to get a medium, let's say the medium
+
+166
+00:10:33,010 --> 00:10:35,510
+is C, I want to calculate the app number for it
+
+167
+00:10:35,510 --> 00:10:40,940
+and thereforeI calculate the refractive index for
+
+168
+00:10:40,940 --> 00:10:44,040
+this medium, C, for the wavelength of the wave D,
+
+169
+00:10:44,380 --> 00:10:46,240
+and for the wavelength of the wave F, and for the
+
+170
+00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:48,520
+wavelength of the wave C. If the wavelength of the
+
+171
+00:10:48,520 --> 00:10:50,200
+wave is different, the refractive index is
+
+172
+00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:52,140
+different. Therefore, when I calculate the
+
+173
+00:10:52,140 --> 00:10:54,460
+refractive index for the same medium, for these
+
+174
+00:10:54,460 --> 00:11:00,020
+wave lengths,I enter the refractive index that I
+
+175
+00:11:00,020 --> 00:11:02,260
+calculated in its place in the equation if I get
+
+176
+00:11:02,260 --> 00:11:05,360
+the V number If the V number is high, it means
+
+177
+00:11:05,360 --> 00:11:07,800
+that the medium or the material that I want to
+
+178
+00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:12,000
+make lenses from is considered good for making
+
+179
+00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:20,340
+lenses If the medium has a low V number or up
+
+180
+00:11:20,340 --> 00:11:25,180
+number, it means that the material is bad to make
+
+181
+00:11:25,180 --> 00:11:31,480
+from itWhere ND and NF and NC are the refractive
+
+182
+00:11:31,480 --> 00:11:36,140
+indices of the Fraunhofer DF and C spectral lines
+
+183
+00:11:36,140 --> 00:11:39,260
+الأطوال الموجية اللي هي خمسمية و تسعة و تمانية و
+
+184
+00:11:39,260 --> 00:11:42,640
+إتنية من عشرة نانومتر أربعمية و ستة و تمانية و أحد
+
+185
+00:11:42,640 --> 00:11:46,340
+من عشرة نانومتر و ستمية و ستة و فمسينة و تلاتة من
+
+186
+00:11:46,340 --> 00:11:48,790
+عشرة نانومترnanometer respectively. Of course,
+
+187
+00:11:48,890 --> 00:11:51,930
+these numbers are not required to memorize. What
+
+188
+00:11:51,930 --> 00:11:54,370
+is required is to know that the low dispersion
+
+189
+00:11:54,370 --> 00:11:58,670
+material, the materials or the visual mediums that
+
+190
+00:11:58,670 --> 00:12:01,410
+make a little distortion, that is, good, because
+
+191
+00:12:01,410 --> 00:12:08,140
+they do not distort much, haveLow chromatic
+
+192
+00:12:08,140 --> 00:12:13,260
+dispersion, طبعا have high values of V يعني كل
+
+193
+00:12:13,260 --> 00:12:16,840
+مكان V أعلى كل مكان أفضل و V اللي هو ال up number
+
+194
+00:12:16,840 --> 00:12:20,920
+كل مكان أعلى كل مكان أفضل لإنه يكون تشتيت الوسط أو
+
+195
+00:12:20,920 --> 00:12:26,210
+تشتيت المادة قليل وهذا مطلوب في صناعة العدسةHigh
+
+196
+00:12:26,210 --> 00:12:29,150
+dispersion materials على العكس لما بكون انديماد ده
+
+197
+00:12:29,150 --> 00:12:34,710
+أو وسط بصري بشتت كتير have low values of V up
+
+198
+00:12:34,710 --> 00:12:37,850
+number for common optical media typically range
+
+199
+00:12:37,850 --> 00:12:42,390
+from 20 ل70 كل مكان أقرب لل 70 كل مكان أفضل كل
+
+200
+00:12:42,390 --> 00:12:47,650
+مكان أقرب لل 20 كل مكان أسوأ و تشتيته أكتر و
+
+201
+00:12:47,650 --> 00:12:54,420
+تشتيته أكترand this word was also explained in the
+
+202
+00:12:54,420 --> 00:12:56,700
+article Physical Optics
+
+203
+00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:05,400
+reflection and refraction at curved surfaces at
+
+204
+00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:09,400
+curved surfaces until now, if we notice that all
+
+205
+00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:13,500
+the gaps between two materials, between air and
+
+206
+00:13:13,500 --> 00:13:16,380
+glass, between air and water, etc. we used to draw
+
+207
+00:13:16,380 --> 00:13:20,660
+them flatly, flatly but it is known that our
+
+208
+00:13:20,660 --> 00:13:24,200
+lenses are mostly curved, our lenses are mostly
+
+209
+00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:28,700
+curved and therefore, I mean, if we wanted to draw
+
+210
+00:13:30,100 --> 00:13:35,400
+عدسة هي كده بس بشكل بسيط، بنقول العدسة سواء plus
+
+211
+00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:39,980
+أو minus، سطحها بيكون منحني، سطحها بيكون منحني، و
+
+212
+00:13:39,980 --> 00:13:45,080
+هذا بالتالي ضروري نعرف الأن الانكسار أو الانعكاس
+
+213
+00:13:45,080 --> 00:13:50,680
+على سطح منحني، على سطح منحني، بنقول for the sake
+
+214
+00:13:50,680 --> 00:13:54,330
+of simplicityThe laws of reflection and refraction
+
+215
+00:13:54,330 --> 00:13:58,610
+were illustrated at flat optical interfaces يعني
+
+216
+00:13:58,610 --> 00:14:04,670
+بحثا عن التبصيد كل ما مضى كان بنستخدم فيه رسومات
+
+217
+00:14:04,670 --> 00:14:09,670
+بتبين أن السطح الفاصل بين وسطين هو سطح flat وهذا
+
+218
+00:14:09,670 --> 00:14:13,390
+في حقيقة القمر يعني لا يحاكي الحياة العملية
+
+219
+00:14:13,390 --> 00:14:17,690
+المعتادة اللي فيها النضارات، عدسات النضارات أو
+
+220
+00:14:17,690 --> 00:14:22,830
+العدسات اللاصقة أو أي عدسات أخرىغالبا، غالبا بتكون
+
+221
+00:14:22,830 --> 00:14:29,010
+curved surfaces يعني سطوح منحنية، اذا however most
+
+222
+00:14:29,010 --> 00:14:33,010
+optical elements have curved surfaces، have curved
+
+223
+00:14:33,010 --> 00:14:33,550
+surfaces
+
+224
+00:14:36,030 --> 00:14:38,790
+the law of reflection or refraction to care
+
+225
+00:14:38,790 --> 00:14:42,070
+services, the position of the service normal must
+
+226
+00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:45,630
+be determined. Because the angle of incidence and
+
+227
+00:14:45,630 --> 00:14:48,930
+the reflection and refraction are defined with
+
+228
+00:14:48,930 --> 00:14:51,850
+respect to the service normal. لو أنا عندي سطح
+
+229
+00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:57,050
+منحني، بنرجع بنرسم هذا السطح مرة أخرى، في الفرار
+
+230
+00:14:57,050 --> 00:15:03,330
+لو أنا عندي سطح مثلا منحني، عدسة، بيضاوية الشكل
+
+231
+00:15:04,390 --> 00:15:14,310
+والضوء مثلا ضرب فيها في
+
+232
+00:15:14,310 --> 00:15:17,250
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب فيها في النقطة هذه الضوء
+
+233
+00:15:17,250 --> 00:15:24,390
+مثلا ضرب فيها في النقطة هذه الضوء
+
+234
+00:15:24,390 --> 00:15:28,170
+مثلا ضرب فيها في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في
+
+235
+00:15:28,170 --> 00:15:29,730
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا
+
+236
+00:15:29,730 --> 00:15:30,270
+ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه
+
+237
+00:15:30,270 --> 00:15:30,410
+الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في
+
+238
+00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:30,510
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا
+
+239
+00:15:30,510 --> 00:15:30,510
+ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه
+
+240
+00:15:30,510 --> 00:15:30,510
+الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في
+
+241
+00:15:30,510 --> 00:15:30,570
+النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا ضرب في النقطة هذه الضوء مثلا
+
+242
+00:15:30,570 --> 00:15:34,000
+ضThe service normal after we draw it, it will be
+
+243
+00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,180
+the angle between the service normal and the beam,
+
+244
+00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:42,700
+it will be the angle of fall, and then I apply the
+
+245
+00:15:42,700 --> 00:15:45,840
+law of reflection and the law of contraction, the
+
+246
+00:15:45,840 --> 00:15:47,720
+law of reflection of the reflected light, and the
+
+247
+00:15:47,720 --> 00:15:52,280
+law of contraction of the reflected light, if we
+
+248
+00:15:52,280 --> 00:15:56,910
+imagine that here I have the service normalit
+
+249
+00:15:56,910 --> 00:15:59,390
+becomes this is the angle of fall, it becomes this
+
+250
+00:15:59,390 --> 00:16:03,090
+is the angle of fall Of course, it is not simply
+
+251
+00:16:03,090 --> 00:16:08,410
+what we imagine because it is a three-dimensional
+
+252
+00:16:08,410 --> 00:16:12,730
+white object So, to find the normal surface, you
+
+253
+00:16:12,730 --> 00:16:16,370
+need to draw curves at the point .. at the point
+
+254
+00:16:16,370 --> 00:16:21,390
+where the beam hit the surface of the lens or the
+
+255
+00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:25,600
+curved surface .. or the curved surfaceSo, it is
+
+256
+00:16:25,600 --> 00:16:30,740
+very important to use mathematical equations and
+
+257
+00:16:30,740 --> 00:16:33,740
+these equations are kind of complicated and make
+
+258
+00:16:33,740 --> 00:16:38,540
+it difficult for a person to .. I mean .. I mean
+
+259
+00:16:38,540 --> 00:16:41,700
+it takes time and effort to have the service
+
+260
+00:16:41,700 --> 00:16:45,080
+normal to one beam, to one beam It is known that
+
+261
+00:16:45,080 --> 00:16:48,280
+every lost point in the object .. every lost point
+
+262
+00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:51,340
+in the object sends thousands of rays and hundreds
+
+263
+00:16:51,340 --> 00:16:52,900
+of thousands of rays and a number that is not
+
+264
+00:16:52,900 --> 00:16:56,230
+limited to those raysin all directions, and
+
+265
+00:16:56,230 --> 00:16:58,910
+hundreds of thousands of rays enter the optical
+
+266
+00:16:58,910 --> 00:17:02,830
+system, which is the camera or lens. So
+
+267
+00:17:05,730 --> 00:17:10,730
+to apply عشان نطبق قانون الانعكاس وقانون الانكسار
+
+268
+00:17:10,730 --> 00:17:14,490
+to curved surfaces على السطوح المنحنية the
+
+269
+00:17:14,490 --> 00:17:18,150
+position of the surface normal must be determined
+
+270
+00:17:18,150 --> 00:17:21,070
+because ليش بدنا نحدد ال surface normal؟ إيش
+
+271
+00:17:21,070 --> 00:17:23,930
+الهدف؟ لأنه قبل ما نحدد ال surface normal اللي
+
+272
+00:17:23,930 --> 00:17:27,250
+هنعرف ال angle of incidenceولا ال angle of
+
+273
+00:17:27,250 --> 00:17:29,770
+reflection ولا ال angle of refraction أو
+
+274
+00:17:29,770 --> 00:17:34,250
+transmission ليش؟ لأن هدولة التلت زوايا هما زوايا
+
+275
+00:17:34,250 --> 00:17:38,810
+محصورة بين service normal وبين الشعاع الساقط أو
+
+276
+00:17:38,810 --> 00:17:42,150
+الشعاع المنعكس أو الشعاع المار يعني ال service
+
+277
+00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:45,870
+normal ضروري تم تحديله once the position of the
+
+278
+00:17:45,870 --> 00:17:49,290
+service normal is known, the laws of refraction
+
+279
+00:17:49,290 --> 00:17:53,870
+and reflection define the relationship between the
+
+280
+00:17:53,870 --> 00:17:57,900
+angle of incidenceand the angles of refraction and
+
+281
+00:17:57,900 --> 00:18:01,120
+reflection respectively يعني لو احنا بنحكي عن
+
+282
+00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:05,000
+انعكاس بنقول اضنو انعكس كده اوجدنا ال service
+
+283
+00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:08,420
+normal بعد ما اوجدنا ال service normal هنجيس
+
+284
+00:18:08,420 --> 00:18:11,380
+الزاوية هاي ونقول عنها زاوية السقوط طبعا في
+
+285
+00:18:11,380 --> 00:18:14,560
+الانعكاس بنقول زاوية السقوط تساوي زاوية الانعكس
+
+286
+00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:17,060
+اذا طلعت هاي معايا تلاتين degree معناته زاوية
+
+287
+00:18:17,060 --> 00:18:21,120
+الانعكس تلاتين degree طيب الان الجزء اللي انكسر
+
+288
+00:18:21,460 --> 00:18:24,780
+الجزء الانكسار بتطبق عليه قانون الانكسار او
+
+289
+00:18:24,780 --> 00:18:28,140
+Snell's law بنقول هنا الزاوية تلاتين و هنا الهوى
+
+290
+00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:35,600
+اذا sin او ni اللي هو الهوى واحد ضرب sin theta i
+
+291
+00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:40,180
+جيب التلاتين يساوي nt sin theta t اللي هو قانون
+
+292
+00:18:40,180 --> 00:18:44,530
+الانكسار ni sin theta iit's equal to nt sin theta
+
+293
+00:18:44,530 --> 00:18:50,010
+t and then I get theta t and I draw the broken
+
+294
+00:18:50,010 --> 00:18:52,570
+beam and I know the angle of the break or the
+
+295
+00:18:52,570 --> 00:18:55,470
+angle of the passage. So the first thing I have to
+
+296
+00:18:55,470 --> 00:19:01,030
+do is to find the normal service and we said it's
+
+297
+00:19:01,030 --> 00:19:07,950
+not easy to understandWhile there is a
+
+298
+00:19:07,950 --> 00:19:10,450
+mathematical procedure for determining the
+
+299
+00:19:10,450 --> 00:19:13,290
+position of the service normal in any situation,
+
+300
+00:19:13,770 --> 00:19:16,530
+the details of it are beyond the scope of this
+
+301
+00:19:16,530 --> 00:19:21,310
+text Of course, there is a mathematical method, a
+
+302
+00:19:21,310 --> 00:19:24,630
+calculative method to find the service normal at
+
+303
+00:19:24,630 --> 00:19:29,390
+every pointI mean it touched the optical system
+
+304
+00:19:29,390 --> 00:19:33,690
+But this method is not simple and complicated And
+
+305
+00:19:33,690 --> 00:19:39,410
+geometric optics does not rely on mathematical and
+
+306
+00:19:39,410 --> 00:19:42,010
+mathematical methods to find the normal surface
+
+307
+00:19:42,010 --> 00:19:44,950
+Because this method is complicated and tiring and
+
+308
+00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:49,820
+it will take a lot of timewhile this science
+
+309
+00:19:49,820 --> 00:19:52,620
+studies the journey of light and the meaning of
+
+310
+00:19:52,620 --> 00:19:58,800
+how light got its way in an easy way without
+
+311
+00:19:58,800 --> 00:20:03,180
+having big computational complexities and at the
+
+312
+00:20:03,180 --> 00:20:06,120
+same time it has to be a precise way, precise but
+
+313
+00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:11,450
+easyFor selected geometric shapes, for selected
+
+314
+00:20:11,450 --> 00:20:14,250
+geometric shapes, however the position of the
+
+315
+00:20:14,250 --> 00:20:17,990
+surface normal is easy to determine, is easy to
+
+316
+00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:20,150
+determine There are some specific mechanical
+
+317
+00:20:20,150 --> 00:20:25,330
+shapes that we can simply define the surface
+
+318
+00:20:25,330 --> 00:20:28,790
+normal without calculations and we mean in this
+
+319
+00:20:28,790 --> 00:20:31,950
+case the spherical body, the spherical body when
+
+320
+00:20:31,950 --> 00:20:37,680
+we say we have ballsWe have a ball. The spherical
+
+321
+00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:41,940
+body is enough to extend from the center of the
+
+322
+00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:44,780
+ball to its surroundings, to any point on the
+
+323
+00:20:44,780 --> 00:20:47,400
+surroundings. I extend a line. This line is
+
+324
+00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:49,340
+considered vertical on the line. This line is
+
+325
+00:20:49,340 --> 00:20:52,080
+considered vertical on the line. That is, if I
+
+326
+00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:56,400
+extend ..
+
+327
+00:20:56,400 --> 00:21:02,800
+I prefer to go to a new slide Or
+
+328
+00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:06,530
+this is a drawn slideWe say as follows, here I
+
+329
+00:21:06,530 --> 00:21:10,270
+have a ball, and this is the incidence ratio of
+
+330
+00:21:10,270 --> 00:21:14,610
+the dropped ball It hit the ball, the ball is a
+
+331
+00:21:14,610 --> 00:21:16,950
+complete ball, it's a glass ball, it hit the drop
+
+332
+00:21:16,950 --> 00:21:20,590
+at this point So in order to get the normal
+
+333
+00:21:20,590 --> 00:21:22,450
+surface at this point, I extend a line from the
+
+334
+00:21:22,450 --> 00:21:23,150
+center of the ball
+
+335
+00:21:27,380 --> 00:21:30,020
+pass through this point and extend to infinity.
+
+336
+00:21:30,560 --> 00:21:33,420
+This line is considered vertical on the surface
+
+337
+00:21:33,420 --> 00:21:38,020
+because it is known in engineering that any line
+
+338
+00:21:38,020 --> 00:21:40,890
+that passes through the center of the ballAny line
+
+339
+00:21:40,890 --> 00:21:42,830
+that passes through the center of the ball is
+
+340
+00:21:42,830 --> 00:21:45,410
+considered vertical on the surface So if I pass
+
+341
+00:21:45,410 --> 00:21:46,790
+through a line like this, it is considered
+
+342
+00:21:46,790 --> 00:21:48,930
+vertical on the surface This line which is this
+
+343
+00:21:48,930 --> 00:21:52,230
+line is vertical on the surface So any line that
+
+344
+00:21:52,230 --> 00:21:53,830
+passes through the center of the ball is
+
+345
+00:21:53,830 --> 00:21:56,110
+considered vertical on the surface of the ball and
+
+346
+00:21:56,110 --> 00:21:58,470
+therefore finding the service is normal, it is
+
+347
+00:21:58,470 --> 00:22:00,870
+considered easy, but only for the body of the
+
+348
+00:22:00,870 --> 00:22:05,210
+ball, only for the bodySo, for selected geometric
+
+349
+00:22:05,210 --> 00:22:08,590
+shapes, however, the position of surface normal is
+
+350
+00:22:08,590 --> 00:22:12,590
+easy to determine. In particular, the normal, the
+
+351
+00:22:12,590 --> 00:22:15,610
+column, the spherical surface always intersects
+
+352
+00:22:15,610 --> 00:22:17,690
+the center of the sphere. And this is from
+
+353
+00:22:17,690 --> 00:22:20,850
+engineering science that was learned in schools
+
+354
+00:22:20,850 --> 00:22:25,330
+that any column on the surface of the ball must
+
+355
+00:22:25,330 --> 00:22:27,610
+pass through its center. Any column on the surface
+
+356
+00:22:27,610 --> 00:22:31,740
+of the ball must alwaysيقطع المركز، يعني لو مديت
+
+357
+00:22:31,740 --> 00:22:36,120
+هذا العمود للداخل، هتلاقيه بيمر في المركز، في
+
+358
+00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:40,660
+المركز For example, the following figure shows a
+
+359
+00:22:40,660 --> 00:22:43,460
+ray incident on a spherical surface, the incident
+
+360
+00:22:43,460 --> 00:22:47,000
+ray is two centimeters above and parallel to the
+
+361
+00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:50,520
+optical axis، يعني هذا ال incident ray، شعاع
+
+362
+00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:54,850
+الساقطIt means higher than the optical axis by 2
+
+363
+00:22:54,850 --> 00:22:58,310
+cm and parallel to the optical axis multiplied by
+
+364
+00:22:58,310 --> 00:23:04,180
+the point Cمس سطح الكرا لمس سطح الكرا عند النقطة
+
+365
+00:23:04,180 --> 00:23:08,920
+سين وعشان أجيب زاوية السقوط بأوصل بين مركز الكرا
+
+366
+00:23:08,920 --> 00:23:13,120
+ونقطة سين و بمده إلى مالة نهاية، إذا هذه هي θ I
+
+367
+00:23:13,120 --> 00:23:16,400
+اللي هي زاوية السقوط، زاوية السقوط The service
+
+368
+00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:20,520
+normal is found with the extension بإنه المد of
+
+369
+00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:23,720
+line connecting the center of the service to the
+
+370
+00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:27,120
+point where the incident ray strikes the service
+
+371
+00:23:27,250 --> 00:23:31,750
+يعني بمد خط من ال center of the surface of the
+
+372
+00:23:31,750 --> 00:23:34,730
+spherical surface ال center بتاع بمد خط to the
+
+373
+00:23:34,730 --> 00:23:37,870
+point where the incident ray strikes the surface
+
+374
+00:23:37,870 --> 00:23:41,990
+لنقطة اللي بيضرب فيها ال incident ray strikes يعني
+
+375
+00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:48,150
+يضرب او يرتطن بال surface بامد خط من المركز لنقطة
+
+376
+00:23:48,150 --> 00:23:53,050
+حيث ارتطم الشعاع الساقط ثم امده بعد ذلك قليلا فهذا
+
+377
+00:23:53,050 --> 00:23:57,130
+يعتبر ال surface normalوبالتالي الزاوية المحصورة
+
+378
+00:23:57,130 --> 00:23:59,730
+بين ال service normal و ال incident ray هي زاوية
+
+379
+00:23:59,730 --> 00:24:06,430
+السقوط θI, the angle of incidenceand the sine of
+
+380
+00:24:06,430 --> 00:24:09,350
+the angle of incidence, أنا بعرف الزاوية، بجيسها
+
+381
+00:24:09,350 --> 00:24:14,710
+بالمنجلة، و بجيب جيبها، و بحسب بطريقة حساب
+
+382
+00:24:14,710 --> 00:24:18,990
+المثلثات البسيطة، طالما عرف الزاوية، بنعرف جيب
+
+383
+00:24:18,990 --> 00:24:22,470
+الزاوية، و بالتالي بتم تدخيل هذه المعلومات في
+
+384
+00:24:22,470 --> 00:24:27,450
+قانون الانكسار، اللي بنص على ان ن I sine theta I
+
+385
+00:24:27,450 --> 00:24:32,620
+يساوي NT sineand theta T. Of course, Ni is the
+
+386
+00:24:32,620 --> 00:24:36,680
+refractive index of the light falling from the
+
+387
+00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,480
+object, and Nt is the refractive index of the
+
+388
+00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:44,080
+light going to the glass ball, so they are known
+
+389
+00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:46,600
+as Salafan, and at the end I get the angle of
+
+390
+00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:48,820
+deflection or the angle of deflection
+
+391
+00:24:53,450 --> 00:24:57,970
+هنتوقف عند ال firmat principle و هنتحدث عنه المرة
+
+392
+00:24:57,970 --> 00:25:03,530
+الماضية .. المرة القادمة عفوًا بس هنا هنتوقف عشان
+
+393
+00:25:03,530 --> 00:25:08,070
+نعرف انه المحاضرة هي كانت على انه بدنا احنا بدنا
+
+394
+00:25:08,070 --> 00:25:11,970
+نتعامل مع سقوط الضوء على أسطح منحنية و اللي هي
+
+395
+00:25:11,970 --> 00:25:16,390
+الأسطح الغالب استعمالها في حياتنا العملية من
+
+396
+00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:20,550
+نضارات و عدسات لاصقة و ما إلى ذلك و يعطيكم العافية
+
+397
+00:25:20,550 --> 00:25:22,990
+و السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركة
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/b_2PfffxlHE_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1964 @@
+1
+00:00:00,520 --> 00:00:05,080
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، بنستكمل مع محاضرات الـ
+
+2
+00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:09,880
+Geometric Optics، واتوقفنا عند الـ Central Ray for
+
+3
+00:00:09,880 --> 00:00:14,280
+Mirrors، أو الشعاع الرئيسي للمرايا، The Central
+
+4
+00:00:14,280 --> 00:00:17,380
+Ray for Mirrors is just as useful as the Central
+
+5
+00:00:17,380 --> 00:00:21,260
+Ray for Lenses.means that the central ray is
+
+6
+00:00:21,260 --> 00:00:26,840
+useful in
+
+7
+00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:30,560
+the case of mirrors as well as in the case of
+
+8
+00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:36,500
+lenses because if image location is determined by
+
+9
+00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:39,920
+vergence calculations if we use the vergence
+
+10
+00:00:39,920 --> 00:00:43,320
+equation u plus p equals v to determine the
+
+11
+00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:47,570
+location of the imagewhich is the image location.
+
+12
+00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:51,710
+The central ray helps us directly by indicating
+
+13
+00:00:51,710 --> 00:00:54,590
+the orientation and size of the image. The
+
+14
+00:00:54,590 --> 00:00:57,530
+orientation means if it is above the optical axis
+
+15
+00:00:57,530 --> 00:00:59,730
+or below the optical axis, which means straight or
+
+16
+00:00:59,730 --> 00:01:02,990
+curved. And the size means the magnification of
+
+17
+00:01:02,990 --> 00:01:07,040
+the image, which will be shown later.The first
+
+18
+00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:11,020
+thing is what is the central ray for mirror? The
+
+19
+00:01:11,020 --> 00:01:14,600
+central ray is any ray from any point that enters
+
+20
+00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:17,320
+the center of the curvature, not in the focus. We
+
+21
+00:01:17,320 --> 00:01:21,500
+said R from the center of the ball, which is the
+
+22
+00:01:21,500 --> 00:01:25,270
+mirror is part of itfrom R to 2F, which means that
+
+23
+00:01:25,270 --> 00:01:27,750
+half of the distance is equal to F. This is called
+
+24
+00:01:27,750 --> 00:01:30,110
+a central rail because it enters the center. It
+
+25
+00:01:30,110 --> 00:01:34,830
+enters the center of the woman's sphere. Here,
+
+26
+00:01:35,070 --> 00:01:39,650
+too, for the convex mirror, the mirrors behind it
+
+27
+00:01:39,650 --> 00:01:45,170
+in the virtual space,فبالتالي أي central ray موجه
+
+28
+00:01:45,170 --> 00:01:50,790
+باتجاهه، أي خط لو مدناه، طبعا الضوء مش هيخترق، مش
+
+29
+00:01:50,790 --> 00:01:55,970
+هيخترق المرايو، لكن هينعكس، بس أي واحد، أي ray، من
+
+30
+00:01:55,970 --> 00:02:03,430
+أي نقطة، امتداده بيدخل فيهR in the center of the
+
+31
+00:02:03,430 --> 00:02:09,930
+mirror is considered a central area Note that
+
+32
+00:02:09,930 --> 00:02:13,310
+using the ratio of image distance to object
+
+33
+00:02:13,310 --> 00:02:16,450
+distance to calculate the size of the image, the
+
+34
+00:02:16,450 --> 00:02:20,210
+image and object distances are measured either
+
+35
+00:02:20,210 --> 00:02:23,690
+from the center of curvature of the mirror or from
+
+36
+00:02:23,690 --> 00:02:25,190
+the surface of the mirror
+
+37
+00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:32,240
+هي أنا عندي ال image، هيها، مش واضحة كتير، بس هنا
+
+38
+00:02:32,240 --> 00:02:35,440
+.. هنا في المنطقة هاي، ال image بتاعة الشامعة، وهي
+
+39
+00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:40,860
+ال object إذا أنا بده أجيس، ممكن أقول .. اعتمد ال
+
+40
+00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:43,500
+center of curvature أجيس منه، أقول هاي ال object
+
+41
+00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:46,820
+distancefrom here to here and this is image
+
+42
+00:02:46,820 --> 00:02:50,220
+distance when I divide image distance by object
+
+43
+00:02:50,220 --> 00:02:53,920
+distance I get transphase magnification or I can
+
+44
+00:02:53,920 --> 00:02:56,340
+depend on the surface of the mirror I say this is
+
+45
+00:02:56,340 --> 00:02:58,240
+image distance from the image to the surface of
+
+46
+00:02:58,240 --> 00:03:02,100
+the mirror and this is object distancefrom the
+
+47
+00:03:02,100 --> 00:03:04,400
+object to the surface of the mirror, regardless of
+
+48
+00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:07,140
+which one is extended, the answer will be the same
+
+49
+00:03:07,140 --> 00:03:10,320
+in both cases, that is, the answer is correct and
+
+50
+00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:13,040
+there is no difference between them, so the point
+
+51
+00:03:13,040 --> 00:03:15,480
+of measurement for the object distance and for the
+
+52
+00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:18,120
+image distance is either the center, that is, from
+
+53
+00:03:18,120 --> 00:03:21,000
+here to here image distance and from here to here
+
+54
+00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:24,780
+object distance or the surface of the mirror,
+
+55
+00:03:25,940 --> 00:03:28,420
+which is from the surface of the mirror to the
+
+56
+00:03:28,420 --> 00:03:32,130
+objectfrom the surface of the mirror to the object
+
+57
+00:03:32,130 --> 00:03:34,470
+is considered object distance and from the surface
+
+58
+00:03:34,470 --> 00:03:37,370
+of the mirror to the image is considered image
+
+59
+00:03:37,370 --> 00:03:41,850
+distance whether the mirror is concave or convex
+
+60
+00:03:41,850 --> 00:03:44,430
+in the case of convex convex either I measure the
+
+61
+00:03:44,430 --> 00:03:47,170
+object distance from the center to the object and
+
+62
+00:03:47,170 --> 00:03:49,430
+the image distance from the center to the object
+
+63
+00:03:49,430 --> 00:03:51,190
+or if I want to measure from the surface of the
+
+64
+00:03:51,190 --> 00:03:53,790
+mirror I say this is the image distance
+
+65
+00:03:57,770 --> 00:04:00,210
+and this is the object distance and of course
+
+66
+00:04:00,210 --> 00:04:03,210
+numerically it can either be measured or I can get
+
+67
+00:04:03,210 --> 00:04:05,510
+it by vergence calculations by vergence
+
+68
+00:04:05,510 --> 00:04:24,170
+calculations there is actually a drawing the
+
+69
+00:04:24,170 --> 00:04:25,170
+vergence calculations
+
+70
+00:04:28,540 --> 00:04:32,340
+بالنسبة لـvergence calculations, because a plane
+
+71
+00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:35,420
+mirror adds no vergence to light but simply
+
+72
+00:04:35,420 --> 00:04:38,580
+reverses its direction, vergence does not change
+
+73
+00:04:38,580 --> 00:04:43,040
+when light is reflected. For example, light from
+
+74
+00:04:43,040 --> 00:04:46,280
+an object one meter to the left of a plane mirror
+
+75
+00:04:46,280 --> 00:04:50,820
+has a vergence of minus one diopter at the mirror.
+
+76
+00:04:52,580 --> 00:04:55,960
+On reflection, the reflection will still be minus
+
+77
+00:04:55,960 --> 00:04:59,540
+one diopter. However, in tracing imaginary
+
+78
+00:04:59,540 --> 00:05:04,040
+extensions of the reflected image rays to the far
+
+79
+00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:06,760
+side of the mirror into virtual image space, the
+
+80
+00:05:06,760 --> 00:05:10,280
+virtual image is located one meter to the right of
+
+81
+00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:13,400
+the mirror. Let's see how to understand this issue
+
+82
+00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:19,100
+so that we don't have any problem. Let's take a
+
+83
+00:05:19,100 --> 00:05:20,080
+plain mirror with us.
+
+84
+00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:34,540
+and we go to the place where we stopped this is
+
+85
+00:05:34,540 --> 00:05:36,940
+the virgin's calculations, we put the picture here
+
+86
+00:05:36,940 --> 00:05:40,000
+and
+
+87
+00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:46,060
+we make it smaller and
+
+88
+00:05:46,060 --> 00:05:49,680
+we say since the man stands at a distance of one
+
+89
+00:05:49,680 --> 00:05:53,550
+meter, so I have one meterone meter the object
+
+90
+00:05:53,550 --> 00:05:57,190
+distance one meter to the left of a plane mirror
+
+91
+00:05:57,190 --> 00:06:00,550
+one meter to the left of a plane mirror let's see
+
+92
+00:06:00,550 --> 00:06:03,110
+where the picture will show up Virgin's
+
+93
+00:06:03,110 --> 00:06:06,610
+Calculations Calculations means u is equal to
+
+94
+00:06:06,610 --> 00:06:12,670
+negative n over o and is equal to negative one
+
+95
+00:06:12,670 --> 00:06:16,870
+over one meter and is equal to negative one
+
+96
+00:06:16,870 --> 00:06:20,750
+diopterSo, when the refractive field of light
+
+97
+00:06:20,750 --> 00:06:22,870
+reaches the object,
+
+98
+00:06:26,290 --> 00:06:29,550
+it reaches a refractive field of minus one diode.
+
+99
+00:06:29,670 --> 00:06:40,900
+U plus P equals V. U equals minus one diode.plus
+
+100
+00:06:40,900 --> 00:06:44,480
+power is zero, the level of power is zero, it is
+
+101
+00:06:44,480 --> 00:06:47,100
+neither convergence nor divergence, it does not
+
+102
+00:06:47,100 --> 00:06:49,940
+change from the fluctuation state to the light, so
+
+103
+00:06:49,940 --> 00:06:56,540
+plus zero is equal to V, so V is equal to minus
+
+104
+00:06:56,540 --> 00:07:00,070
+one diopter As long as the light reached a
+
+105
+00:07:00,070 --> 00:07:03,190
+wavelength of minus 1 diopter and went out a
+
+106
+00:07:03,190 --> 00:07:06,570
+wavelength of minus 1 diopter, then the wavelength
+
+107
+00:07:06,570 --> 00:07:11,230
+did not change at all. What happened is that the
+
+108
+00:07:11,230 --> 00:07:13,650
+light that came from this object reached a
+
+109
+00:07:13,650 --> 00:07:17,290
+wavelength and returned to a wavelength and
+
+110
+00:07:17,290 --> 00:07:20,190
+returned to a wavelength
+
+111
+00:07:49,580 --> 00:07:56,860
+متشتت عن بعضها البعض بمقدار تشتتية مقدارها واحد
+
+112
+00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:01,040
+Diopter, minus one diopter.
+
+113
+00:08:05,180 --> 00:08:05,860
+Divergent.
+
+114
+00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:16,260
+Let's see
+
+115
+00:08:16,260 --> 00:08:22,040
+where the image is. Let's say V is equal to I.
+
+116
+00:08:28,970 --> 00:08:35,030
+I is small, then I is equal to condition on V
+
+117
+00:08:35,030 --> 00:08:42,670
+which is equal to condition 1 on V which is minus
+
+118
+00:08:42,670 --> 00:08:47,170
+1 diopter which
+
+119
+00:08:47,170 --> 00:08:52,540
+is equal to minus 1 meterNow we have to pay
+
+120
+00:08:52,540 --> 00:08:53,720
+attention to the fact that there is a distance of
+
+121
+00:08:53,720 --> 00:08:57,820
+minus one meter in the lenses to the left. Of
+
+122
+00:08:57,820 --> 00:08:59,540
+course, in the pictures we said that the image
+
+123
+00:08:59,540 --> 00:09:02,180
+space is inverted. So, if it was in the lens, it
+
+124
+00:09:02,180 --> 00:09:03,840
+would be on the left and this would be on the
+
+125
+00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:08,240
+right due to the divergence of the rays. So, image
+
+126
+00:09:08,240 --> 00:09:17,140
+is one meter to the right. If you notice, the
+
+127
+00:09:17,140 --> 00:09:19,620
+distance of the body when we started the example
+
+128
+00:09:21,330 --> 00:09:24,270
+The distance of the body is one meter to the left,
+
+129
+00:09:24,850 --> 00:09:27,730
+and the distance of the image is one meter to the
+
+130
+00:09:27,730 --> 00:09:31,670
+right. And as long as the image distance is one
+
+131
+00:09:31,670 --> 00:09:36,370
+over the object distance, one over one, then the
+
+132
+00:09:36,370 --> 00:09:42,350
+imageجد الجسم في الحجم erect و جد الجسم في الحجم
+
+133
+00:09:42,350 --> 00:09:46,310
+جد الجسم في الحجم فبالتالي هذه القضية ضروري تكون
+
+134
+00:09:46,310 --> 00:09:51,770
+واضحة جدا، ضروري تكون واضحة جدا، فبالتالي هذا هو
+
+135
+00:09:51,770 --> 00:09:55,230
+الvergence calculations بالنسبة ل ال plane mirror
+
+136
+00:09:55,230 --> 00:10:01,430
+و ال plane mirror قوتها صفر، قوتها صفرOf course,
+
+137
+00:10:01,490 --> 00:10:04,310
+this place is called virtual image space because
+
+138
+00:10:04,310 --> 00:10:08,070
+virtual image means that what is behind the mirror
+
+139
+00:10:08,070 --> 00:10:10,550
+is actually a space that does not exist. I mean,
+
+140
+00:10:10,630 --> 00:10:13,350
+we look at our picture in the mirror, but if we
+
+141
+00:10:13,350 --> 00:10:15,910
+look behind the mirror, there is nothing because
+
+142
+00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:19,530
+the light reaches the mirror and is reflected. I
+
+143
+00:10:19,530 --> 00:10:23,330
+mean, this is the active space for the mirrorThe
+
+144
+00:10:23,330 --> 00:10:26,170
+light goes and comes in this area, it has nothing
+
+145
+00:10:26,170 --> 00:10:29,430
+to do with what's behind it. But we see along the
+
+146
+00:10:29,430 --> 00:10:34,870
+rays, we see our image. We see our image. Of
+
+147
+00:10:34,870 --> 00:10:37,610
+course, the rays actually reached the mirror and
+
+148
+00:10:37,610 --> 00:10:41,830
+reflected in the same direction that came from it.
+
+149
+00:10:41,870 --> 00:10:43,750
+In the same direction that came from it. In
+
+150
+00:10:43,750 --> 00:10:48,530
+general. Plain mirrors create upright, as you can
+
+151
+00:10:48,530 --> 00:10:54,130
+see.a bright virtual image, صورة مش حقيقية a
+
+152
+00:10:54,130 --> 00:10:55,890
+bright virtual image, صورة مش حقيقية a bright
+
+153
+00:10:55,890 --> 00:10:57,250
+virtual image, صورة مش حقيقية a bright virtual
+
+154
+00:10:57,250 --> 00:11:00,570
+image, صورة مش حقيقية a bright virtual image, صورة
+
+155
+00:11:00,570 --> 00:11:02,430
+مش حقيقية a bright virtual image, صورة مش حقيقية a
+
+156
+00:11:02,430 --> 00:11:04,370
+bright virtual image, صورة مش حقيقية a bright
+
+157
+00:11:04,370 --> 00:11:07,790
+virtual image, صورة مش حقيقية a bright virtual
+
+158
+00:11:07,790 --> 00:11:10,510
+image, صورة مش حقيقية a bright virtual image, صورة
+
+159
+00:11:10,510 --> 00:11:15,910
+مش حقيقية a bright virtual image, صورة مش حقيقية
+
+160
+00:11:16,150 --> 00:11:19,870
+Any real object in its virtual form. Why? Because
+
+161
+00:11:19,870 --> 00:11:23,110
+the real object is actually made of divergent
+
+162
+00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:27,250
+things. Divergent rays. If we add zero to it, the
+
+163
+00:11:27,250 --> 00:11:30,270
+power of the mirror, it will remain divergent. I
+
+164
+00:11:30,270 --> 00:11:36,640
+have a debt of ten dinarsوماعيش أسده فبيضل عندي
+
+165
+00:11:36,640 --> 00:11:41,360
+عشر دينار، اذا مافيش عندي قوة سداد المستوى القوة
+
+166
+00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:47,500
+عندها صفر With virtual images located as far
+
+167
+00:11:47,500 --> 00:11:50,880
+behind the mirror as the real object is in front،
+
+168
+00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:56,340
+اذا هذه قاعدة plain mirrorsPlain mirrors create a
+
+169
+00:11:56,340 --> 00:12:00,380
+bright virtual image from real objects طب لو عندي
+
+170
+00:12:00,380 --> 00:12:04,620
+virtual object بتكونله صورة حقيقية بتكونله صورة
+
+171
+00:12:04,620 --> 00:12:08,540
+حقيقية من وين بده أجيب ال virtual object لو أنا
+
+172
+00:12:08,540 --> 00:12:14,440
+جيبت مثلا شامعة و حطيت أمامها عدسة اللي اتج��ع ضوء
+
+173
+00:12:14,440 --> 00:12:19,250
+الشامعة و أصطدم الضوء و هو convergentin the plane
+
+174
+00:12:19,250 --> 00:12:21,550
+mirror Convergent for example in the amount of
+
+175
+00:12:21,550 --> 00:12:24,730
+plus 2 to reflect it Convergent in the amount of
+
+176
+00:12:24,730 --> 00:12:27,830
+plus 2 It will neither increase nor decrease in
+
+177
+00:12:27,830 --> 00:12:30,510
+the fluctuation state of light So the virtual
+
+178
+00:12:30,510 --> 00:12:33,930
+object Here is also another rule derived from this
+
+179
+00:12:33,930 --> 00:12:37,570
+rule We write it so that we do not forget to say
+
+180
+00:12:37,570 --> 00:12:47,170
+plane mirrors create real image
+
+181
+00:12:53,110 --> 00:13:00,670
+of virtual objects this is also a base
+
+182
+00:13:22,490 --> 00:13:31,030
+So, plane mirrors create real
+
+183
+00:13:31,030 --> 00:13:37,050
+images of virtual objects of virtual objects and
+
+184
+00:13:37,050 --> 00:13:41,750
+plane mirrors create upright virtual image virtual
+
+185
+00:13:41,750 --> 00:13:44,910
+image for real objects and real image for virtual
+
+186
+00:13:44,910 --> 00:13:49,760
+objectsعكس بعض، with virtual image located as far
+
+187
+00:13:49,760 --> 00:13:53,500
+behind the mirror as the real object is in front
+
+188
+00:13:53,500 --> 00:13:56,780
+طيب،
+
+189
+00:13:56,780 --> 00:14:01,160
+الآن أنا بدي أستعمل المراية واضح أن المراية عندي
+
+190
+00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:08,100
+يعني من الأرض إلى الصقف مثلا أو إلى طول هذا الرجل،
+
+191
+00:14:08,100 --> 00:14:13,390
+هل الراجل هذا بحتاج كل مراية عشان يشوف؟he sees
+
+192
+00:14:13,390 --> 00:14:15,610
+himself completely from the bottom of his foot to
+
+193
+00:14:15,610 --> 00:14:18,270
+the top of his head what is correct is that I have
+
+194
+00:14:18,270 --> 00:14:21,830
+this figure that explains why this is for example
+
+195
+00:14:21,830 --> 00:14:29,610
+the real man's foot the light fell from it and was
+
+196
+00:14:29,610 --> 00:14:32,530
+reflected towards it fell from it towards this and
+
+197
+00:14:32,530 --> 00:14:34,710
+was reflected of course this is a reflected
+
+198
+00:14:34,710 --> 00:14:37,870
+surface not a breathable surface the light from
+
+199
+00:14:37,870 --> 00:14:42,070
+the man's footcame to this point and reflected
+
+200
+00:14:42,070 --> 00:14:47,610
+towards the eye of the same man So he will see his
+
+201
+00:14:47,610 --> 00:14:49,030
+foot as if it came from this point, it is a
+
+202
+00:14:49,030 --> 00:14:51,870
+reflection of the reflected light So this part is
+
+203
+00:14:51,870 --> 00:14:54,930
+what is necessary This part is what is necessary
+
+204
+00:14:54,930 --> 00:14:58,830
+in work and here this is called unused mirrors,
+
+205
+00:14:59,010 --> 00:15:02,480
+unused mirror, thereforethere's no need for it to
+
+206
+00:15:02,480 --> 00:15:05,380
+be there. It can be replaced for example by wooden
+
+207
+00:15:05,380 --> 00:15:10,200
+planks or anything else, but this part of the
+
+208
+00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:13,660
+mirror is enough for a person to see himself
+
+209
+00:15:13,660 --> 00:15:19,160
+completely. To see .. to see ..As illustrated in
+
+210
+00:15:19,160 --> 00:15:22,340
+the following figure, only half a full-length
+
+211
+00:15:22,340 --> 00:15:25,280
+plain mirror is needed to see one's entire body.
+
+212
+00:15:36,210 --> 00:15:40,350
+Now for the concave mirror The concave mirror adds
+
+213
+00:15:40,350 --> 00:15:43,570
+positive versions to incident light The incident
+
+214
+00:15:43,570 --> 00:15:46,910
+light if it comes with minus, the U minus, the
+
+215
+00:15:46,910 --> 00:15:49,250
+concave mirror tries to collect it according to
+
+216
+00:15:49,250 --> 00:15:52,590
+its strength The concave mirror means there are
+
+217
+00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:54,850
+many examples of it, such as the make-up mirror
+
+218
+00:15:54,850 --> 00:15:59,090
+used in beauty operations The shaving mirror, also
+
+219
+00:15:59,090 --> 00:16:06,270
+mirrors used in barber salons Also in retinaThe
+
+220
+00:16:06,270 --> 00:16:09,710
+internal limiting membrane of the fovea can act as
+
+221
+00:16:09,710 --> 00:16:13,690
+a concave mirror. The concave mirror adds positive
+
+222
+00:16:13,690 --> 00:16:17,050
+divergence to incident light. It therefore has
+
+223
+00:16:17,050 --> 00:16:20,830
+positive or converging power. If parallel rays
+
+224
+00:16:20,830 --> 00:16:24,270
+strike the mirror, they reflect and converge
+
+225
+00:16:24,270 --> 00:16:28,090
+toward a point halfway to the center of curvature.
+
+226
+00:16:28,270 --> 00:16:29,590
+We see this in simulation.
+
+227
+00:16:32,520 --> 00:16:37,100
+here I have the mirror, I want circular arc here I
+
+228
+00:16:37,100 --> 00:16:42,260
+have concave mirror
+
+229
+00:16:42,260 --> 00:16:51,720
+here
+
+230
+00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:54,900
+is the concave mirror, I want parallel rays
+
+231
+00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:04,240
+we have to reduce the density of the rays in order
+
+232
+00:17:04,240 --> 00:17:17,240
+to have parallel rays now
+
+233
+00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:24,180
+everything
+
+234
+00:17:24,180 --> 00:17:27,260
+becomes convergence convergence
+
+235
+00:17:29,450 --> 00:17:34,550
+I'm going to use a very light blocker just to make
+
+236
+00:17:34,550 --> 00:17:43,210
+things look clear if we
+
+237
+00:17:43,210 --> 00:17:53,090
+make it smaller ok
+
+238
+00:17:53,090 --> 00:17:57,920
+ifParallel rays that come from minus optical
+
+239
+00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:01,900
+infinity converges to a point, this point is the
+
+240
+00:18:01,900 --> 00:18:02,880
+focus of the mirror
+
+241
+00:18:22,230 --> 00:18:26,630
+If parallel rays strike the mirror, they reflect
+
+242
+00:18:26,630 --> 00:18:30,130
+and converge.toward a point halfway to the center
+
+243
+00:18:30,130 --> 00:18:44,030
+of curvature. The focal point
+
+244
+00:18:44,030 --> 00:18:48,930
+F of a concave mirror is not unique for any
+
+245
+00:18:48,930 --> 00:18:55,100
+central ray can serve as optical axis.Here, this
+
+246
+00:18:55,100 --> 00:18:57,220
+is the optical axis. The lenses have only one
+
+247
+00:18:57,220 --> 00:19:02,660
+optical axis, and this is the central ray, which
+
+248
+00:19:02,660 --> 00:19:06,480
+enters the nodal point. In the mirror, the order
+
+249
+00:19:06,480 --> 00:19:10,220
+is different. This is the central ray, the blue
+
+250
+00:19:10,220 --> 00:19:12,580
+one, and this is the central red ray, and this is
+
+251
+00:19:12,580 --> 00:19:18,770
+the central yellow ray. Each light rayكل light ray
+
+252
+00:19:18,770 --> 00:19:22,010
+بدخل في ال center بتاع ال curvature يعتبر central
+
+253
+00:19:22,010 --> 00:19:37,670
+ray طيب لو أنا عندي object هذا
+
+254
+00:19:37,670 --> 00:19:41,390
+ال object موجود
+
+255
+00:19:41,390 --> 00:19:41,610
+هنا
+
+256
+00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:52,560
+I will consider the blue line to be the optical
+
+257
+00:19:52,560 --> 00:19:56,920
+axis and the axis from the center to the surface
+
+258
+00:19:56,920 --> 00:20:00,860
+from the middle here is F, this is F So here there
+
+259
+00:20:00,860 --> 00:20:10,760
+is a focal point Ok, if the object was in
+
+260
+00:20:10,760 --> 00:20:17,610
+this area or in this areaSo, the red line is the
+
+261
+00:20:17,610 --> 00:20:20,490
+central ray. Central ray because I can consider it
+
+262
+00:20:20,490 --> 00:20:23,750
+the optical axis and half the distance from the
+
+263
+00:20:23,750 --> 00:20:26,770
+center to this surface is the focus. So, here it
+
+264
+00:20:26,770 --> 00:20:28,490
+is very focused, here it is very focused, here it
+
+265
+00:20:28,490 --> 00:20:30,810
+is very focused, here it is very focused. Every
+
+266
+00:20:30,810 --> 00:20:43,450
+central ray, this is a rule, every central ray in
+
+267
+00:20:43,450 --> 00:20:44,250
+mirrors
+
+268
+00:20:46,640 --> 00:20:54,860
+can work or can act as optical axis so
+
+269
+00:20:54,860 --> 00:20:57,920
+it's not a specific optical axis as long as I have
+
+270
+00:20:57,920 --> 00:21:03,030
+more than one optical axisفي عندي أكتر من focus،
+
+271
+00:21:03,030 --> 00:21:05,770
+هنا focal point، طبعا anterior مع posterior
+
+272
+00:21:05,770 --> 00:21:08,070
+منطبقين على بعضهم، هنا نفس الاشياء، هنا نفس
+
+273
+00:21:08,070 --> 00:21:11,410
+الاشياء، هنا نفس الاشياء، كيف أحسبه نص المسافة من
+
+274
+00:21:11,410 --> 00:21:15,250
+C لسطح المرأة؟ يعني نص المسافة من C لسطح المرأة،
+
+275
+00:21:15,250 --> 00:21:18,730
+نص .. طبعا هدولة كلهم متساوين لأنهم أنصاف أكترIt's
+
+276
+00:21:18,730 --> 00:21:22,110
+always and always F equals F equals F, but I have
+
+277
+00:21:22,110 --> 00:21:25,430
+more than F, I have more than F. So, the focal
+
+278
+00:21:25,430 --> 00:21:29,610
+point F of a concave mirror is not unique, it's
+
+279
+00:21:29,610 --> 00:21:33,550
+not a unique one, it's not similar to it. Why is
+
+280
+00:21:33,550 --> 00:21:36,570
+it not unique? Because for any central ray it can
+
+281
+00:21:36,570 --> 00:21:40,550
+serve as an optical axis. Any central ray in the
+
+282
+00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:45,050
+mirror can serve, can perform the function of the
+
+283
+00:21:45,050 --> 00:21:49,160
+optical axis.Not only that, the anterior and
+
+284
+00:21:49,160 --> 00:21:53,020
+posterior focal points of a concave mirror are in
+
+285
+00:21:53,020 --> 00:21:54,740
+exactly the same place
+
+286
+00:22:06,050 --> 00:22:07,890
+means that it is not in the world of the mirror.
+
+287
+00:22:08,030 --> 00:22:10,150
+The mirror is a world where everything is opposite
+
+288
+00:22:10,150 --> 00:22:12,730
+to it. Light is coming, then light is going back.
+
+289
+00:22:12,790 --> 00:22:16,950
+It is as if this world is blurred and here only
+
+290
+00:22:16,950 --> 00:22:20,350
+light is in its field to form a picture for it to
+
+291
+00:22:20,350 --> 00:22:23,590
+work with it as if it is an optical system. Its
+
+292
+00:22:23,590 --> 00:22:25,970
+field is in front of the mirror, not behind the
+
+293
+00:22:25,970 --> 00:22:27,930
+mirror. So here we have Bengal
+
+294
+00:22:31,850 --> 00:22:34,750
+The anterior and posterior focal points of a
+
+295
+00:22:34,750 --> 00:22:39,430
+concave mirror are in exactly the same space or
+
+296
+00:22:39,430 --> 00:22:43,370
+the same place. As an example, let's assume that
+
+297
+00:22:43,370 --> 00:22:46,810
+we have an object 1 meter away to the left of a
+
+298
+00:22:46,810 --> 00:22:50,890
+concave mirror with a curvature radius of half a
+
+299
+00:22:50,890 --> 00:22:51,250
+centimeter.
+
+300
+00:22:54,410 --> 00:22:56,710
+Where is the image? Let's look at the divergence
+
+301
+00:22:56,710 --> 00:23:01,610
+calculation. The power of the mirror is 1 over For
+
+302
+00:23:01,610 --> 00:23:08,070
+2 to the power of r okay here we said half of its
+
+303
+00:23:08,070 --> 00:23:14,050
+diameter is how much? half of its diameter radius
+
+304
+00:23:14,050 --> 00:23:17,090
+of curvature is 50 cm which is half a meter we
+
+305
+00:23:17,090 --> 00:23:19,310
+want to calculate the power of the mirror we
+
+306
+00:23:19,310 --> 00:23:21,610
+calculate the power of the mirror we say quickly
+
+307
+00:23:21,610 --> 00:23:24,490
+of course this is a detailed statement to say that
+
+308
+00:23:24,490 --> 00:23:27,910
+r is equal to 2f or f is equal to half of r we say
+
+309
+00:23:27,910 --> 00:23:34,900
+the power of the mirrorتساوي اتنين على R ويساوي
+
+310
+00:23:34,900 --> 00:23:43,460
+اتنين تقسيم نص متر ويساوي
+
+311
+00:23:43,460 --> 00:23:48,860
+طالع منها concave ده حطلها plus اتنين على نص يعني
+
+312
+00:23:48,860 --> 00:23:55,030
+اربع اربع diode four diopters, so plus four
+
+313
+00:23:55,030 --> 00:23:59,770
+diopters like what I have here this is for the
+
+314
+00:23:59,770 --> 00:24:03,210
+power of the mirror put it on the side and now we
+
+315
+00:24:03,210 --> 00:24:10,370
+want to calculate the object at a distance one
+
+316
+00:24:10,370 --> 00:24:14,290
+meter to the left, u is equal to negative n over o
+
+317
+00:24:14,290 --> 00:24:16,690
+and is equal to
+
+318
+00:24:22,240 --> 00:24:28,720
+Okay, u plus p equals v, it's already written here
+
+319
+00:24:30,740 --> 00:24:34,460
+u plus the power of the mirror is equal to v, the
+
+320
+00:24:34,460 --> 00:24:38,900
+power of the mirror plus 4 diopters and u minus 1
+
+321
+00:24:38,900 --> 00:24:42,860
+diopter, so minus 1 diopter plus 4 diopters is
+
+322
+00:24:42,860 --> 00:24:45,880
+equal to v, so v remains here and we subtract it
+
+323
+00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:49,020
+and we get 3 diopters, v is equal to unconditional
+
+324
+00:24:49,020 --> 00:24:53,360
+over i, we continue here and say v is equal to
+
+325
+00:24:53,360 --> 00:24:54,520
+unconditional over i
+
+326
+00:24:59,310 --> 00:25:06,350
+إذن I تساوي N شرط على V ويساوي
+
+327
+00:25:06,350 --> 00:25:16,610
+واحد على plus تلاتة ديوبتر ويساوي plus تلت متر
+
+328
+00:25:16,610 --> 00:25:26,610
+يعني plus تلت متر ويساوي plus تلاتة و تلاتين و
+
+329
+00:25:26,610 --> 00:25:30,710
+تلاتة من عشرة صنط33
+
+330
+00:25:30,710 --> 00:25:46,230
+.333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
+
+331
+00:25:48,580 --> 00:25:54,000
+the image will be 33cm on the left and not on the
+
+332
+00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:57,700
+right now the transfer is magnification u over v u
+
+333
+00:25:57,700 --> 00:26:01,580
+minus one diopter over v plus three diopters which
+
+334
+00:26:01,580 --> 00:26:04,420
+is minus one third so the image is inverted and
+
+335
+00:26:04,420 --> 00:26:06,560
+one third of the object and one third of the
+
+336
+00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:09,960
+object so this case must be clear we try to prove
+
+337
+00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:14,360
+this by simulation as much as we can
+
+338
+00:26:22,810 --> 00:26:30,830
+Hi, I have a mirror The
+
+339
+00:26:30,830 --> 00:26:36,470
+radius of curvature of it, we will try to
+
+340
+00:26:36,470 --> 00:26:40,910
+get a way to it
+
+341
+00:26:40,910 --> 00:26:47,550
+Here,
+
+342
+00:26:47,710 --> 00:26:51,390
+we will print the mirror here Concave mirror
+
+343
+00:26:55,660 --> 00:26:59,880
+Focal Length is
+
+344
+00:26:59,880 --> 00:27:03,520
+a mirror, not a minus lens, it's a concave mirror.
+
+345
+00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:07,060
+The focal length is 500mm, which is 50cm.
+
+346
+00:27:09,980 --> 00:27:13,780
+Now we need a point source of light to represent
+
+347
+00:27:13,780 --> 00:27:14,620
+the object.
+
+348
+00:27:23,830 --> 00:27:26,090
+It should be the point source of light at a
+
+349
+00:27:26,090 --> 00:27:32,470
+distance of one meter. So, we use the ruler.
+
+350
+00:27:45,830 --> 00:27:47,910
+We use the ruler.
+
+351
+00:27:52,290 --> 00:28:10,590
+The mirror should be at angle 0 And
+
+352
+00:28:10,590 --> 00:28:16,090
+the point source of light should be at time
+
+353
+00:28:24,170 --> 00:28:30,210
+on a meter distance, the apparent force is F F,
+
+354
+00:28:30,330 --> 00:28:36,190
+but we want R 500 milli R double F, so here F
+
+355
+00:28:36,190 --> 00:28:44,690
+should be 250 natural,
+
+356
+00:28:44,870 --> 00:28:49,610
+here the situation is better let's
+
+357
+00:28:49,610 --> 00:28:55,670
+seein the focal length which is 250 mm which is 25
+
+358
+00:28:55,670 --> 00:29:00,050
+cm which is 4 diopters this is correct the object
+
+359
+00:29:00,050 --> 00:29:02,670
+is at a distance of one meter at a distance of one
+
+360
+00:29:02,670 --> 00:29:05,530
+meter the image is supposed to take shape at a
+
+361
+00:29:05,530 --> 00:29:08,170
+distance of one third of a meter let's see the
+
+362
+00:29:08,170 --> 00:29:17,230
+ruler not the blocker to reduce
+
+363
+00:29:17,230 --> 00:29:18,870
+the radiation which is not desirable
+
+364
+00:29:22,090 --> 00:29:28,670
+And this is a duplicate for the blocker It didn't
+
+365
+00:29:28,670 --> 00:29:31,050
+get a duplication, but I found it
+
+366
+00:29:44,730 --> 00:29:47,990
+They are actually the rays that are reflected by
+
+367
+00:29:47,990 --> 00:29:50,910
+two rays only, this is a ray and this is a ray, we
+
+368
+00:29:50,910 --> 00:29:57,670
+want to leave more That's
+
+369
+00:29:57,670 --> 00:30:01,790
+how the picture became a picture The simulation
+
+370
+00:30:01,790 --> 00:30:06,610
+needs a lot of training Okay,
+
+371
+00:30:07,010 --> 00:30:09,530
+here we also want this blocker to cover a part
+
+372
+00:30:16,950 --> 00:30:20,810
+So the rays met at this point. Notice that this
+
+373
+00:30:20,810 --> 00:30:23,610
+point is thirty-three centimeters. Of course this
+
+374
+00:30:23,610 --> 00:30:25,730
+is in centimeters. Here it is ten centimeters,
+
+375
+00:30:25,810 --> 00:30:28,410
+twenty, thirty, thirty-three. The picture is
+
+376
+00:30:28,410 --> 00:30:31,290
+upside down and the height of the object is three.
+
+377
+00:30:31,290 --> 00:30:33,190
+Here the height of the object is how many squares?
+
+378
+00:30:33,350 --> 00:30:36,690
+Square two, three, four, five. Here it is
+
+379
+00:30:36,690 --> 00:30:41,320
+approximately a square.and a third or a square and
+
+380
+00:30:41,320 --> 00:30:43,840
+four out of ten, approximately, meaning a third of
+
+381
+00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:45,440
+the height of the object. So this is through
+
+382
+00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:48,580
+simulation as much as we could to make it
+
+383
+00:30:48,580 --> 00:30:51,340
+invertible. So the picture of course on the left,
+
+384
+00:30:52,380 --> 00:30:56,060
+plus thirty-three centimeters, if we are talking
+
+385
+00:30:56,060 --> 00:31:01,060
+about lenses, we are talking aboutاليمين بس لما
+
+386
+00:31:01,060 --> 00:31:04,620
+بنحكي عن مرايه ال plus بطلع عندي معكوس العدسات
+
+387
+00:31:04,620 --> 00:31:09,600
+معكوس العدسات فهذه القضية بالنسبة ل ال concave
+
+388
+00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:13,820
+mirror ال concave mirror therefore the image is
+
+389
+00:31:13,820 --> 00:31:16,200
+located one third meter to the left of the mirror
+
+390
+00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:20,080
+in real image space it is real image it is also
+
+391
+00:31:20,080 --> 00:31:23,380
+minified and inverted تلت ال object يعني minified
+
+392
+00:31:23,380 --> 00:31:27,310
+و inverted مجلوبة below the optical axisالان
+
+393
+00:31:27,310 --> 00:31:31,710
+الكلام بده ينتهي او بدنا ننتقل لل convex mirror ال
+
+394
+00:31:31,710 --> 00:31:34,530
+convex mirror adds negative versions to the
+
+395
+00:31:34,530 --> 00:31:38,030
+incident light negative versions يعني اذا هو متشتت
+
+396
+00:31:38,030 --> 00:31:41,870
+بتشتته اكتر اذا هو convergent جاي من virtual
+
+397
+00:31:41,870 --> 00:31:46,290
+object بتجلل من ال convergence بتاع it is
+
+398
+00:31:46,290 --> 00:31:49,050
+therefore or it therefore has negative or
+
+399
+00:31:49,050 --> 00:31:53,420
+diverging powerThe anterior and posterior focal
+
+400
+00:31:53,420 --> 00:31:57,820
+points which coincide. Also for the convex mirror,
+
+401
+00:31:57,940 --> 00:32:00,640
+the anterior and posterior focal points are
+
+402
+00:32:00,640 --> 00:32:03,420
+adjacent to each other, but behind the mirror in
+
+403
+00:32:03,420 --> 00:32:09,660
+the focal or virtual space.Virtual focal points.
+
+404
+00:32:09,900 --> 00:32:13,420
+Virtual means that they will not get light at all.
+
+405
+00:32:13,520 --> 00:32:14,620
+Because they will be reflected from the surface of
+
+406
+00:32:14,620 --> 00:32:18,460
+the mirror. They are
+
+407
+00:32:18,460 --> 00:32:21,340
+located halfway between the surface of the mirror
+
+408
+00:32:21,340 --> 00:32:25,920
+and the center of curvature. They are located
+
+409
+00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:29,940
+halfway between the surface of the mirror and the
+
+410
+00:32:29,940 --> 00:32:32,880
+center of curvature.these are the anterior and
+
+411
+00:32:32,880 --> 00:32:38,580
+posterior focal points of the convex mirror they
+
+412
+00:32:38,580 --> 00:32:41,240
+are behind the mirror, they are not facing each
+
+413
+00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:44,880
+other, so they are in the virtual space, in the
+
+414
+00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:49,320
+virtual space, so this case should be clear
+
+415
+00:32:56,310 --> 00:33:00,610
+In the same example, the object is standing at a
+
+416
+00:33:00,610 --> 00:33:04,230
+distance of one meter from the object. The u value
+
+417
+00:33:04,230 --> 00:33:07,710
+is minus one diopter. The power of the mirror is
+
+418
+00:33:07,710 --> 00:33:10,130
+the same as the curvature, but with minus instead
+
+419
+00:33:10,130 --> 00:33:13,550
+of plus four diopters. Here we calculated that it
+
+420
+00:33:13,550 --> 00:33:18,430
+is plus 4 diopters 2 over a If we bring a convex
+
+421
+00:33:18,430 --> 00:33:21,710
+mirror
+
+422
+00:33:21,710 --> 00:33:24,850
+It has the same angles It will have the same
+
+423
+00:33:24,850 --> 00:33:28,470
+calculations But it will be minus, it will be
+
+424
+00:33:28,470 --> 00:33:33,370
+minus 4 diopters So minus 1 diopters which is the
+
+425
+00:33:33,370 --> 00:33:34,990
+amplitude of light which is standing at a distance
+
+426
+00:33:34,990 --> 00:33:37,250
+of one meter Which is the object standing at a
+
+427
+00:33:37,250 --> 00:33:41,220
+distance of one meterConvex mirror magnification
+
+428
+00:33:41,220 --> 00:33:46,200
+increased by 4. The reflected light from the
+
+429
+00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:47,660
+surface of the mirror will have a magnitude of
+
+430
+00:33:47,660 --> 00:33:51,820
+minus 5. Because U plus P equals V. Transfers
+
+431
+00:33:51,820 --> 00:33:57,290
+magnification minus one diopter.minus 5 diopter
+
+432
+00:33:57,290 --> 00:34:01,890
+which is U over V equals plus 2 out of 10 or plus
+
+433
+00:34:01,890 --> 00:34:06,330
+5 so the picture is regular and 5 is the object so
+
+434
+00:34:06,330 --> 00:34:09,410
+where is the location of the picture? this is what
+
+435
+00:34:09,410 --> 00:34:12,370
+we want to calculate and we say as usual exactly
+
+436
+00:34:12,370 --> 00:34:15,550
+virgin's calculations V is equal to unconditional
+
+437
+00:34:15,550 --> 00:34:20,490
+over I so
+
+438
+00:34:20,490 --> 00:34:23,630
+I is equal to unconditional over V
+
+439
+00:34:26,370 --> 00:34:31,550
+unconditional 1 over V which is minus 5 diopters
+
+440
+00:34:31,550 --> 00:34:40,610
+minus 5 diopters which is equal to minus 2 out of
+
+441
+00:34:40,610 --> 00:34:44,050
+10 meters minus 20 centimeters 2 out of 10 meters
+
+442
+00:34:44,050 --> 00:34:46,990
+this is the I so the picture is 20 centimeters
+
+443
+00:34:46,990 --> 00:34:50,070
+away but as long as it is minus not to the left
+
+444
+00:34:50,070 --> 00:34:52,910
+because we are not lenses on the right so it is to
+
+445
+00:34:52,910 --> 00:34:57,030
+the right of imagein this case the image ray are
+
+446
+00:34:57,030 --> 00:35:00,210
+diverging and a virtual image will appear to be
+
+447
+00:35:00,210 --> 00:35:03,310
+located will appear to be located it will appear
+
+448
+00:35:03,310 --> 00:35:06,850
+to be located at a distance of 20 cm to the right
+
+449
+00:35:06,850 --> 00:35:10,290
+of the mirror the image is minified and erected of
+
+450
+00:35:10,290 --> 00:35:13,170
+course virtual because the v is minus virtual
+
+451
+00:35:13,170 --> 00:35:16,090
+because the v is minus we will try to simulate
+
+452
+00:35:16,090 --> 00:35:23,170
+this again this is the grid this is the ruler
+
+453
+00:35:25,840 --> 00:35:44,620
+And here we started from zero Now
+
+454
+00:35:44,620 --> 00:35:49,520
+we need a mirror Ideal mirror, we put it under
+
+455
+00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:04,780
+Let's put it at the decimal point 100 And there we
+
+456
+00:36:04,780 --> 00:36:17,600
+put it at 1100 at 110 cm So that we can start
+
+457
+00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:22,420
+with the point source of light The first thing we
+
+458
+00:36:22,420 --> 00:36:28,100
+need is the mirror Its strength should be minus 5
+
+459
+00:36:28,100 --> 00:36:35,140
+dioptersإذن minus 250 لأ الاربع ده يبتر اه minus 4
+
+460
+00:36:35,140 --> 00:36:41,310
+ده يبتر إذا minus 250The power of it The mirror
+
+461
+00:36:41,310 --> 00:36:45,190
+Ideal curved mirror As long as the minus means I
+
+462
+00:36:45,190 --> 00:36:49,410
+have this Convex mirror Convex mirror Now we want
+
+463
+00:36:49,410 --> 00:36:52,810
+to get point source of light We put it at a
+
+464
+00:36:52,810 --> 00:36:54,410
+distance of one thousand and two hundred meters To
+
+465
+00:36:54,410 --> 00:36:56,630
+be here two hundred to one thousand and two means
+
+466
+00:36:56,630 --> 00:37:00,170
+one meter And we make the height six squares
+
+467
+00:37:00,170 --> 00:37:08,210
+Square two three four five six Or five to see What
+
+468
+00:37:08,210 --> 00:37:16,230
+will come out with me? The light is divergent, it
+
+469
+00:37:16,230 --> 00:37:19,950
+is clear that it is divergent But we need to
+
+470
+00:37:19,950 --> 00:37:25,830
+enlarge the mirror in the beginning That's
+
+471
+00:37:25,830 --> 00:37:30,870
+how we enlarged the mirror, okay? Okay, now we
+
+472
+00:37:30,870 --> 00:37:35,130
+need a blocker To cancel all the radiation that we
+
+473
+00:37:35,130 --> 00:37:41,540
+do not want with itand it doesn't disturb our
+
+474
+00:37:41,540 --> 00:37:44,920
+vision ok
+
+475
+00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:54,940
+here we also need duplication for the blocker here
+
+476
+00:37:54,940 --> 00:37:59,380
+I have three signals one went in a certain
+
+477
+00:37:59,380 --> 00:38:01,780
+direction and the other in a different direction
+
+478
+00:38:01,780 --> 00:38:09,090
+if we ask for extensionThe picture here is 20 cm
+
+479
+00:38:09,090 --> 00:38:14,670
+wide, 20 cm, so 20 cm is usually small, 20 cm is
+
+480
+00:38:14,670 --> 00:38:19,370
+usually small If we right click and try to see how
+
+481
+00:38:19,370 --> 00:38:25,110
+high it is, of course, the height isIt's supposed
+
+482
+00:38:25,110 --> 00:38:33,370
+to be five height .. five height of the object But
+
+483
+00:38:33,370 --> 00:38:35,470
+I have here .. maybe I made a mistake in drawing
+
+484
+00:38:35,470 --> 00:38:43,670
+Maybe
+
+485
+00:38:43,670 --> 00:38:48,880
+I made a mistake in drawingلأن مافيش تحكم كتير
+
+486
+00:38:48,880 --> 00:38:52,260
+بالإشعارات، القصد إنه هتطلع على قعد عشرين سانتي
+
+487
+00:38:52,260 --> 00:38:55,300
+تماما to the right و هذه virtual، ليش؟ لأن ال
+
+488
+00:38:55,300 --> 00:38:58,840
+image بنعكس من ال mirror divergent، divergent،
+
+489
+00:38:58,840 --> 00:39:01,680
+فبالتالي هذه القضية بال divergence calculation
+
+490
+00:39:01,680 --> 00:39:05,980
+ممكن تحسن، اتوقف عند هذه المقطة و يعطيكم العافية و
+
+491
+00:39:05,980 --> 00:39:08,320
+السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركة
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/bvkvObAN1wQ_raw.json

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the diopter so minus six diopters plus one diopters equals one over O equals minus five diopters I want O I change it I say one over", "tokens": [546, 562, 321, 9845, 309, 538, 1804, 472, 309, 7023, 1804, 472, 264, 9255, 294, 264, 4985, 562, 309, 1709, 493, 309, 3643, 9255, 1804, 3175, 472, 597, 307, 264, 1026, 404, 391, 370, 3175, 2309, 1026, 404, 1559, 1804, 472, 1026, 404, 1559, 6915, 472, 670, 422, 6915, 3175, 1732, 1026, 404, 1559, 286, 528, 422, 286, 1319, 309, 286, 584, 472, 670], "avg_logprob": -0.46610576923076924, "compression_ratio": 1.8531468531468531, "no_speech_prob": 1.4901161193847656e-06, "words": [{"start": 107.63, "end": 108.07, "word": "one", "probability": 0.344482421875}, {"start": 108.07, "end": 108.27, "word": " when", "probability": 0.64306640625}, {"start": 108.27, "end": 108.43, "word": " we", "probability": 0.65966796875}, {"start": 108.43, "end": 108.63, "word": " divide", "probability": 0.53515625}, {"start": 108.63, "end": 108.87, "word": " it", 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PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/eDumwBvz0Bg_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+1
+00:00:01,800 --> 00:00:10,360
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم
+
+2
+00:00:10,360 --> 00:00:14,460
+الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+3
+00:00:14,460 --> 00:00:15,860
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+4
+00:00:15,860 --> 00:00:15,900
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+5
+00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:17,420
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+6
+00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:22,460
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+7
+00:00:22,460 --> 00:00:26,180
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله
+
+8
+00:00:26,180 --> 00:00:28,900
+الرحمن الرحيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم بسم Allah
+
+9
+00:00:34,470 --> 00:00:41,110
+N is equal to 1 and
+
+10
+00:00:41,110 --> 00:00:52,610
+Uncertainty is also equal to 1 Uncertainty
+
+11
+00:00:52,610 --> 00:00:53,630
+and Uncertainty must be written in small letters
+
+12
+00:00:53,630 --> 00:00:57,770
+as it is known in Geometric Optics and Refractive
+
+13
+00:00:57,770 --> 00:01:03,920
+Indexnow to solve this problem and get the power
+
+14
+00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:16,520
+of the lens we
+
+15
+00:01:16,520 --> 00:01:23,140
+say negative n by o by
+
+16
+00:01:23,140 --> 00:01:29,010
+o plus the power which is unknown which is
+
+17
+00:01:29,010 --> 00:01:43,830
+unconditional over I minus
+
+18
+00:01:43,830 --> 00:01:55,890
+one over O which is one meter plus the powerequal
+
+19
+00:01:55,890 --> 00:02:08,930
+to 1 over I which is quarter meter minus 1
+
+20
+00:02:08,930 --> 00:02:13,110
+over 1 gives minus 1 and when meter goes up it
+
+21
+00:02:13,110 --> 00:02:17,470
+becomes meter minus 1 which is diopter plus power
+
+22
+00:02:17,470 --> 00:02:20,670
+equals
+
+23
+00:02:22,520 --> 00:02:25,640
+one over four means four plus four of course
+
+24
+00:02:25,640 --> 00:02:34,120
+meters minus one means diopter now the power we
+
+25
+00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:41,480
+put it on the left side plus four diopter minus
+
+26
+00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:44,720
+one diopter this minus one diopter when it moves
+
+27
+00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:49,990
+to the other side it becomes plus one diopterيعني
+
+28
+00:02:49,990 --> 00:02:55,430
+بمعنى آخر المجموع أربعة ديوبتر وواحد ديوبتر كلهم
+
+29
+00:02:55,430 --> 00:03:00,190
+ال plus يساوي plus
+
+30
+00:03:00,190 --> 00:03:05,110
+خمسة ديوبتر هذا هو الجواب النهائي اللي هو قوة
+
+31
+00:03:05,110 --> 00:03:09,310
+العدسة تساوي plus خمسة ديوبتر هيك تمتهي المسألة
+
+32
+00:03:09,310 --> 00:03:12,990
+ويعطيكم العافية والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركة
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/eDumwBvz0Bg_raw.json

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{"start": 173.85, "end": 174.49, "word": " ديوبتر", "probability": 0.97578125}, {"start": 174.49, "end": 175.43, "word": " كلهم", "probability": 0.7509765625}, {"start": 175.43, "end": 175.57, "word": " ال", "probability": 0.86962890625}, {"start": 175.57, "end": 175.83, "word": " plus", "probability": 0.66357421875}, {"start": 175.83, "end": 177.11, "word": " يساوي", "probability": 0.931640625}, {"start": 177.11, "end": 180.19, "word": " plus", "probability": 0.4404296875}, {"start": 180.19, "end": 181.59, "word": " خمسة", "probability": 0.9278564453125}, {"start": 181.59, "end": 182.87, "word": " ديوبتر", "probability": 0.95576171875}, {"start": 182.87, "end": 183.27, "word": " هذا", "probability": 0.58740234375}, {"start": 183.27, "end": 183.45, "word": " هو", "probability": 0.98681640625}, {"start": 183.45, "end": 183.93, "word": " الجواب", "probability": 0.9532877604166666}, {"start": 183.93, "end": 184.43, "word": " النهائي", "probability": 0.9385986328125}, {"start": 184.43, 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PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/fwaLFDW2z_c_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
+1
+00:00:02,390 --> 00:00:03,290
+In the name of Allah, the most merciful, the most
+
+2
+00:00:03,290 --> 00:00:06,010
+merciful, we continue the lectures on engineering
+
+3
+00:00:06,010 --> 00:00:09,930
+vision, and we actually reached to a very
+
+4
+00:00:09,930 --> 00:00:14,590
+important topic which is the first order optics In
+
+5
+00:00:14,590 --> 00:00:20,250
+order to talk about this topic, the first order
+
+6
+00:00:20,250 --> 00:00:26,170
+optics is a system of equations and mathematical
+
+7
+00:00:26,170 --> 00:00:27,930
+calculations
+
+8
+00:00:29,750 --> 00:00:32,250
+which facilitated a lot the science of geometric
+
+9
+00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:36,430
+optics, so it's a system of calculations and
+
+10
+00:00:36,430 --> 00:00:39,950
+mathematical equations which made the science of
+
+11
+00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:42,670
+geometric optics or the science of engineering
+
+12
+00:00:42,670 --> 00:00:51,110
+vision easy and flexible for centuriesلقرون عديدة
+
+13
+00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:55,030
+ال spheres, spherical surfaces was the only useful
+
+14
+00:00:55,030 --> 00:00:58,850
+lens surface that could be manufactured يعني ال ..
+
+15
+00:00:58,850 --> 00:01:03,380
+ال .. ال .. spherical refracting surfaceكانت هي
+
+16
+00:01:03,380 --> 00:01:09,080
+السطح الوحيد اللي ممكن تصنيعه لقرون عديدة و اللي
+
+17
+00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:14,620
+كان يعني يعطي useful image But common experience
+
+18
+00:01:14,620 --> 00:01:18,700
+shows that such lenses can produce useful image
+
+19
+00:01:18,700 --> 00:01:24,860
+هاد ال spherical refracting surface السطوحالقراوية
+
+20
+00:01:24,860 --> 00:01:29,260
+الشكل يعني بتعطينا useful image بمعنى صورة ماشي
+
+21
+00:01:29,260 --> 00:01:35,020
+حالها وعمليا يمكن استخدامها عمليا يمكن استخدامها
+
+22
+00:01:35,020 --> 00:01:37,920
+consequently the properties of spherical
+
+23
+00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:41,020
+refracting surfaces have been carefully studied
+
+24
+00:01:41,020 --> 00:01:45,000
+واتجهت دراسة العلماء بما أن ال spherical
+
+25
+00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:49,280
+refracting surface بتعطيني useful image تركزت
+
+26
+00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:54,490
+دراسة العلماءعلى دراسة الأسطح الكراوية أو the
+
+27
+00:01:54,490 --> 00:01:58,930
+spherical refracting surface طبعا في زماننا الحاضر
+
+28
+00:01:58,930 --> 00:02:02,450
+the accepted approach for studying the imaging
+
+29
+00:02:02,450 --> 00:02:06,290
+properties of any lens أو any optical system is
+
+30
+00:02:06,290 --> 00:02:11,690
+the method called exact ray tracing طبعا عشان ندرس
+
+31
+00:02:13,210 --> 00:02:15,610
+The characteristics of photography of any optical
+
+32
+00:02:15,610 --> 00:02:17,110
+system, that is, what are the characteristics of
+
+33
+00:02:17,110 --> 00:02:20,990
+the image that the optical system gives me? I want
+
+34
+00:02:20,990 --> 00:02:22,590
+to know the characteristics of the image,
+
+35
+00:02:23,190 --> 00:02:25,030
+therefore, in order to know the characteristics of
+
+36
+00:02:25,030 --> 00:02:28,750
+the image, that is, magnification, location,
+
+37
+00:02:29,070 --> 00:02:31,410
+quality and brightness, these are the
+
+38
+00:02:31,410 --> 00:02:32,730
+characteristics of the image, in order to know
+
+39
+00:02:32,730 --> 00:02:34,910
+them, I must knowThe characteristics of the
+
+40
+00:02:34,910 --> 00:02:37,370
+object, which are the photography tools and the
+
+41
+00:02:37,370 --> 00:02:41,030
+optical system that made this image, is the best
+
+42
+00:02:41,030 --> 00:02:44,270
+accepted method at the moment, and very accurate,
+
+43
+00:02:45,330 --> 00:02:48,750
+called ... to study the characteristics of the
+
+44
+00:02:48,750 --> 00:02:51,070
+optical system and thus deduce the characteristics
+
+45
+00:02:51,070 --> 00:02:53,650
+of the image, this method of studying the
+
+46
+00:02:53,650 --> 00:02:56,230
+characteristics of the optical system and studying
+
+47
+00:02:56,230 --> 00:02:58,780
+the characteristics of the image is calledExact
+
+48
+00:02:58,780 --> 00:03:03,780
+Ray Tracing، التتبع، التتبع الدقيق أو الحرفي
+
+49
+00:03:03,780 --> 00:03:08,260
+للأشعة، إيش يعني تتبع دقيق أو حرفي للأشعة أو exact
+
+50
+00:03:08,260 --> 00:03:12,070
+ray tracing؟ يعني أنا بدي ..I continue to follow
+
+51
+00:03:12,070 --> 00:03:16,430
+the rays from the first point of the object and
+
+52
+00:03:16,430 --> 00:03:19,110
+when it passes through the first surface and the
+
+53
+00:03:19,110 --> 00:03:21,310
+second surface and the third surface until it
+
+54
+00:03:21,310 --> 00:03:23,530
+reaches its place in the image or the image of
+
+55
+00:03:23,530 --> 00:03:28,030
+this point in the image In this way, exact ray
+
+56
+00:03:28,030 --> 00:03:31,650
+tracing is done by tracking the rays emitted, for
+
+57
+00:03:31,650 --> 00:03:35,710
+example, from a point in this techniqueSnell's law
+
+58
+00:03:35,710 --> 00:03:39,270
+is used to trace the paths of several rays, all
+
+59
+00:03:39,270 --> 00:03:42,730
+originating from a single object point Let's see
+
+60
+00:03:42,730 --> 00:03:45,990
+what this drawing tells us to clarify the idea I
+
+61
+00:03:45,990 --> 00:03:49,310
+have an extended object made up of an infinite
+
+62
+00:03:49,310 --> 00:03:55,030
+number of points I want to take one point from it
+
+63
+00:03:55,030 --> 00:04:02,200
+and track accurately several rays20, 30, 100
+
+64
+00:04:02,200 --> 00:04:06,320
+candles for example, and I use Snell's law for
+
+65
+00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:11,340
+each candle that leaves the medium, optical
+
+66
+00:04:11,340 --> 00:04:14,500
+medium, and moves to another optical medium. Let's
+
+67
+00:04:14,500 --> 00:04:18,300
+say I have, for example, 100 candles. The 100
+
+68
+00:04:18,300 --> 00:04:21,820
+candles hit the spherical refracting surface and
+
+69
+00:04:21,820 --> 00:04:25,070
+went into the glass.In the first case, I have to
+
+70
+00:04:25,070 --> 00:04:27,850
+apply Snell's law in the second case and the third
+
+71
+00:04:27,850 --> 00:04:31,290
+case to know exactly where the glass is going
+
+72
+00:04:31,290 --> 00:04:33,050
+after entering it. How do I know where it is
+
+73
+00:04:33,050 --> 00:04:35,290
+going? By applying the law of induction, which is
+
+74
+00:04:35,290 --> 00:04:41,270
+Ni sin theta I equals Nt sin theta T. Okay, when I
+
+75
+00:04:41,270 --> 00:04:44,170
+want to apply Snell's law to this large number of
+
+76
+00:04:44,170 --> 00:04:45,790
+particles, the first thing I have to do is to draw
+
+77
+00:04:45,790 --> 00:04:52,450
+the normal surfaceوين عند النقاط التقت الأشعة وين
+
+78
+00:04:52,450 --> 00:04:57,110
+التقت في السطح فبالتالي هذه القضية هتكون متعبة و
+
+79
+00:04:57,110 --> 00:05:01,690
+بتستهلك للوقت اذا in this technique Snell's law is
+
+80
+00:05:01,690 --> 00:05:05,530
+used to trace the paths of several raysAll
+
+81
+00:05:05,530 --> 00:05:09,270
+originating from a single object point يعني في هذه
+
+82
+00:05:09,270 --> 00:05:13,290
+الطريقة أنا بستخدم قانون الانكسار Snell's Law عشان
+
+83
+00:05:13,290 --> 00:05:18,830
+أتتبع الممرات الفراغية أو الخطوط أو المسارات اللي
+
+84
+00:05:18,830 --> 00:05:22,890
+صارت فيها العديد من الإشعاعات اللي كلها انطلقت من
+
+85
+00:05:22,890 --> 00:05:26,620
+one object pointA computer carries out the
+
+86
+00:05:26,620 --> 00:05:29,780
+calculations to as high a degree as necessary,
+
+87
+00:05:30,300 --> 00:05:33,580
+usually between six and eight significant figures
+
+88
+00:05:33,580 --> 00:05:37,220
+يعني ممكن أنا أستخدم الكمبيوتر عشان يجريلي هذه
+
+89
+00:05:37,220 --> 00:05:42,660
+الحسابات وممكن يعطيلي إجابات دقيقة عالية الدقة
+
+90
+00:05:42,660 --> 00:05:47,320
+عالية الدقةto the point where it could be a break
+
+91
+00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:51,300
+that extends to 6 or 8 numbers after the break,
+
+92
+00:05:51,760 --> 00:05:55,120
+which means that it precisely determines the angle
+
+93
+00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:57,440
+of the fall and the angle of the break, which
+
+94
+00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:58,780
+means that it precisely determines the course of
+
+95
+00:05:58,780 --> 00:05:59,020
+the flash
+
+96
+00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:06,320
+The following figure is the drawing that we showed
+
+97
+00:06:06,320 --> 00:06:10,460
+a while ago. Show an exact ray trace for a single
+
+98
+00:06:10,460 --> 00:06:13,480
+refracting service. Let's show the picture again.
+
+99
+00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:16,260
+We say I have a single refracting service. And
+
+100
+00:06:16,260 --> 00:06:20,840
+here I have a very precise tracking of multiple
+
+101
+00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:24,800
+rays that all started from one point. As we
+
+102
+00:06:24,800 --> 00:06:27,300
+noticed that all the rays when they entered the
+
+103
+00:06:27,300 --> 00:06:29,940
+glass, but it became a short circuit and
+
+104
+00:06:29,940 --> 00:06:32,900
+transmitted to the transmission.It didn't gather
+
+105
+00:06:32,900 --> 00:06:36,380
+in one point. Why? Because the image is not
+
+106
+00:06:36,380 --> 00:06:40,160
+stigmatic. The image is not stigmatic. It gathered
+
+107
+00:06:40,160 --> 00:06:44,820
+in a point spread function. Or in the case of
+
+108
+00:06:44,820 --> 00:06:48,480
+pinholing, we call it player circle.المهم تجمعت في
+
+109
+00:06:48,480 --> 00:06:52,020
+شكل .. هذه الشكل بيسموه point spread function أين
+
+110
+00:06:52,020 --> 00:06:55,180
+تقع ال point spread function؟ في المنطقة high ولا
+
+111
+00:06:55,180 --> 00:06:58,700
+high ولا high؟ لأ في أضيق منطقة تجمعت فيها
+
+112
+00:06:58,700 --> 00:07:04,310
+الأشعار، في أضيق منطقة تجمعت فيها الأشعارBecause
+
+113
+00:07:04,310 --> 00:07:07,790
+the image is not stigmatic, the rays do not
+
+114
+00:07:07,790 --> 00:07:09,410
+converge to a single point
+
+115
+00:07:30,060 --> 00:07:35,320
+I have a certain area inside the glass
+
+116
+00:07:40,730 --> 00:07:47,190
+confined and this is the location of the image or
+
+117
+00:07:47,190 --> 00:07:52,930
+point spread function the distribution of rays at
+
+118
+00:07:52,930 --> 00:07:55,910
+the image location indicates the size of the
+
+119
+00:07:55,910 --> 00:07:59,320
+player circleOr the best way to call it is point
+
+120
+00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:04,420
+spread function The distribution of
+
+121
+00:08:04,420 --> 00:08:07,720
+rays determines the shape and size of the point
+
+122
+00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:10,200
+spread function Is the point spread function big
+
+123
+00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:14,660
+or small?The smaller it is, the higher the quality
+
+124
+00:08:14,660 --> 00:08:18,800
+of the image. The larger the point spread function
+
+125
+00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:25,060
+is, the worse the image quality is. You may ask,
+
+126
+00:08:25,200 --> 00:08:28,340
+why don't we use lenses in experiments? We say
+
+127
+00:08:28,340 --> 00:08:32,060
+this is a single refracting service because it is
+
+128
+00:08:32,060 --> 00:08:35,160
+a single refracting service. And we want to start
+
+129
+00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:37,780
+studying the literal tracking of rays or accurate
+
+130
+00:08:37,780 --> 00:08:42,000
+tracking of rays, exact ray tracing.By using one
+
+131
+00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:44,760
+surface, because if I want to use two surfaces, it
+
+132
+00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:46,960
+means that I have to apply Snell's law on the
+
+133
+00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:51,180
+first surface and apply Snell's law again on the
+
+134
+00:08:51,180 --> 00:08:54,460
+second surface They themselves when they move the
+
+135
+00:08:54,460 --> 00:08:56,820
+back surface to the lens, so it will become more
+
+136
+00:08:56,820 --> 00:09:01,860
+difficult and complicated, and complicated, so ..
+
+137
+00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:07,760
+The distribution of rays at the image location
+
+138
+00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:11,680
+indicates the size of the Blair circle or point
+
+139
+00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:15,140
+spread function.From the size of the player circle
+
+140
+00:09:15,140 --> 00:09:17,960
+or point spread function, the image quality is
+
+141
+00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:21,060
+determined. How? From the size of the player
+
+142
+00:09:21,060 --> 00:09:25,560
+circle or point spread function, the image quality
+
+143
+00:09:25,560 --> 00:09:27,640
+is determined. The opposite relationship. We say
+
+144
+00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:30,740
+that the smaller the point spread function, the
+
+145
+00:09:30,740 --> 00:09:34,120
+higher the image quality. The larger the point
+
+146
+00:09:34,120 --> 00:09:37,680
+spread function, the lower the image quality. This
+
+147
+00:09:37,680 --> 00:09:41,140
+is what we heard in previous lectures.
+
+148
+00:09:43,700 --> 00:09:47,000
+another thing is that I set the image quality from
+
+149
+00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:52,560
+the size of the point spread function we set the
+
+150
+00:09:52,560 --> 00:09:54,800
+image quality which is one of the attributes of
+
+151
+00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:57,540
+the image now I want to see the image location
+
+152
+00:09:57,540 --> 00:10:00,300
+image location is the location of the image this
+
+153
+00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:04,720
+image here image location is calculated from this
+
+154
+00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:09,520
+object location from the spherical refracting
+
+155
+00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,430
+surface from the surfaceto the object, this object
+
+156
+00:10:13,430 --> 00:10:18,430
+distance and from the service to the image, this
+
+157
+00:10:18,430 --> 00:10:21,210
+image distance When I determine the location of
+
+158
+00:10:21,210 --> 00:10:24,570
+the image and I know the location of the object in
+
+159
+00:10:24,570 --> 00:10:26,250
+advance, that is, the image distance and the
+
+160
+00:10:26,250 --> 00:10:29,630
+object distance I determine, then the location is
+
+161
+00:10:29,630 --> 00:10:31,430
+determined for me and the location is one of the
+
+162
+00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:34,730
+attributes of the imageAs long as I know the
+
+163
+00:10:34,730 --> 00:10:37,210
+location, I'm going to get the magnification from
+
+164
+00:10:37,210 --> 00:10:38,870
+it. I'm going to get the magnification from it
+
+165
+00:10:38,870 --> 00:10:41,930
+because what transfers magnification is equal to
+
+166
+00:10:41,930 --> 00:10:45,950
+image distance over object distance. Therefore, I
+
+167
+00:10:45,950 --> 00:10:48,090
+get the attributes of the image I know from the
+
+168
+00:10:48,090 --> 00:10:51,550
+image location. From the location of the image,
+
+169
+00:10:51,730 --> 00:10:55,130
+other properties such as magnification are
+
+170
+00:10:55,130 --> 00:10:57,650
+determined. How does it determine magnification
+
+171
+00:10:57,650 --> 00:11:00,510
+from the location of the image. Image location is
+
+172
+00:11:00,510 --> 00:11:03,210
+the same as image distance.It's the same image
+
+173
+00:11:03,210 --> 00:11:05,510
+distance And the object distance is already known
+
+174
+00:11:05,510 --> 00:11:08,270
+because I know how far the object is away from the
+
+175
+00:11:08,270 --> 00:11:11,110
+single refracting surface I divide the image
+
+176
+00:11:11,110 --> 00:11:13,950
+location or image distance by the object distance
+
+177
+00:11:13,950 --> 00:11:17,390
+and it gives me a transphase magnification
+
+178
+00:11:17,390 --> 00:11:20,570
+Ultimately
+
+179
+00:11:20,570 --> 00:11:26,170
+and in the end, all image properties
+
+180
+00:11:26,170 --> 00:11:30,930
+may be determined with exact ray tracingWith exact
+
+181
+00:11:30,930 --> 00:11:35,590
+ray tracing طبعا باستعمال ال exact ray tracing و
+
+182
+00:11:35,590 --> 00:11:38,890
+اللي هو دقيق للغاية ليش دقيق للغاية لأن انا مابسيب
+
+183
+00:11:38,890 --> 00:11:43,590
+الشعاع و بخمن تخمين انه هدف مينه سقط بميلان معين
+
+184
+00:11:43,590 --> 00:11:49,530
+اذا خلينا نرسم انكساره بهذا الاتجاه لأ لازم عند كل
+
+185
+00:11:49,530 --> 00:11:54,610
+شعاعI draw the service normal on this line, I draw
+
+186
+00:11:54,610 --> 00:11:57,370
+the service normal, and after I draw the service
+
+187
+00:11:57,370 --> 00:12:01,070
+normal, I bring theta I, the angle of fall, and I
+
+188
+00:12:01,070 --> 00:12:03,670
+enter it in the equation Ni, known as the
+
+189
+00:12:03,670 --> 00:12:06,610
+windbreaker, sine theta I, which I have defined
+
+190
+00:12:06,610 --> 00:12:09,010
+now between the service normal and the falling
+
+191
+00:12:09,010 --> 00:12:12,270
+lightningIt's equal to nt which is for the glass,
+
+192
+00:12:12,610 --> 00:12:15,230
+and this is known, sine theta t, which I want to
+
+193
+00:12:15,230 --> 00:12:18,850
+find, and from sine theta t, I want to find theta
+
+194
+00:12:18,850 --> 00:12:20,730
+t which is the angle of contraction, and after
+
+195
+00:12:20,730 --> 00:12:26,330
+that, I draw the rays according to the angle of
+
+196
+00:12:26,330 --> 00:12:28,610
+theta t, and this is what I want to do with each
+
+197
+00:12:28,610 --> 00:12:29,770
+ray of the rays
+
+198
+00:12:51,400 --> 00:12:55,320
+ultimately all image properties may be determined
+
+199
+00:12:55,320 --> 00:12:57,220
+with exact ray tracing
+
+200
+00:13:00,300 --> 00:13:04,800
+الطريقة دقيقة للغاية ولكن متعبة للغاية ومرهقة
+
+201
+00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:09,540
+للغاية وحنحكي ليش متعبة للغاية ومرهقة للغاية لأنها
+
+202
+00:13:09,540 --> 00:13:13,580
+أول إشي time consuming يعني تستهلك الوقت تاني إشي
+
+203
+00:13:13,580 --> 00:13:20,720
+ليس سهلا .. ليس سهلا أني أرسم .. أني أرسم service
+
+204
+00:13:20,720 --> 00:13:25,000
+normal لكل عمود طبعا قد يكون سهل الأمر .. سهل
+
+205
+00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:29,080
+الأمر لل spherical refracting serviceThe surface
+
+206
+00:13:29,080 --> 00:13:31,960
+of the sphere, which is part of a ball, can be
+
+207
+00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:33,980
+from the center of this ball, I can pass any
+
+208
+00:13:33,980 --> 00:13:35,860
+column to the surface, it is considered a column
+
+209
+00:13:35,860 --> 00:13:38,680
+and therefore this is an easy job, but if I had
+
+210
+00:13:38,680 --> 00:13:42,980
+this shape or this surface, elliptical or nearly
+
+211
+00:13:42,980 --> 00:13:46,760
+elliptical or conoid or something similar, that
+
+212
+00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:49,280
+is, a torus surface, a rectangular surface,
+
+213
+00:13:49,760 --> 00:13:52,720
+sometimes it becomes very very difficult for meAnd
+
+214
+00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:55,120
+I have to ask for help from people specialized in
+
+215
+00:13:55,120 --> 00:14:00,000
+mathematics to have a column with a point on the
+
+216
+00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,360
+surface with mathematical equations So the exact
+
+217
+00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:07,340
+rate racing is very precise but very tiring and
+
+218
+00:14:07,340 --> 00:14:11,740
+can consume a very long timeOkay, what did the
+
+219
+00:14:11,740 --> 00:14:14,360
+scientists do .. what did the scientists do in the
+
+220
+00:14:14,360 --> 00:14:16,720
+years .. or in the seventeenth century, in the
+
+221
+00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:20,880
+year 1600 and .. and towards our current era,
+
+222
+00:14:21,580 --> 00:14:25,540
+especially that at that time there was no computer
+
+223
+00:14:25,540 --> 00:14:28,510
+topic, right I have the computer here as we saidHe
+
+224
+00:14:28,510 --> 00:14:32,590
+can give me the answer in a very precise way, not
+
+225
+00:14:32,590 --> 00:14:35,250
+only with correct numbers, but also with fractions
+
+226
+00:14:35,250 --> 00:14:38,210
+and decimals and so on, up to six numbers after
+
+227
+00:14:38,210 --> 00:14:39,890
+the decimal on the right hand side, and sometimes
+
+228
+00:14:39,890 --> 00:14:42,830
+up to eight numbers, and this is very accurate But
+
+229
+00:14:42,830 --> 00:14:45,830
+in their time, there was no computer, or even a
+
+230
+00:14:45,830 --> 00:14:53,430
+computer, or anything like thatفي سنوات الالف و
+
+231
+00:14:53,430 --> 00:14:58,090
+ستمية او ابتدا من الف و ستمية و طالع methods of
+
+232
+00:14:58,090 --> 00:15:02,010
+analyzing optical systems were developed that
+
+233
+00:15:02,010 --> 00:15:05,510
+either greatly reduced or eliminated the need for
+
+234
+00:15:05,510 --> 00:15:10,750
+calculation يعني تم تطوير طرق معينة للحسابات هذه
+
+235
+00:15:10,750 --> 00:15:16,830
+الطرق هذه الطرق اما خففت كتيرa lot of need for
+
+236
+00:15:16,830 --> 00:15:20,470
+calculations, and sometimes the need for
+
+237
+00:15:20,470 --> 00:15:22,410
+calculations faded away, which means that things
+
+238
+00:15:22,410 --> 00:15:26,830
+became very simple and the science of geometric
+
+239
+00:15:26,830 --> 00:15:34,150
+optics became advanced in this field and developed
+
+240
+00:15:34,150 --> 00:15:37,510
+because of these methods that were developed to
+
+241
+00:15:37,510 --> 00:15:39,850
+understand the science of geometric optics and the
+
+242
+00:15:39,850 --> 00:15:42,190
+journey of light from the object to the optical
+
+243
+00:15:42,190 --> 00:15:46,960
+system to the imageThese ways that were developed
+
+244
+00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:51,560
+in the 17th century and towards us or towards our
+
+245
+00:15:51,560 --> 00:15:59,400
+current era are mainly based on one thing onlyIt's
+
+246
+00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:03,760
+approximations, the approximations, these methods
+
+247
+00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,560
+that were developed to simplify the science of
+
+248
+00:16:06,560 --> 00:16:09,780
+geometric optics are based on the word
+
+249
+00:16:09,780 --> 00:16:13,420
+approximation, or on the subject of approximations
+
+250
+00:16:16,420 --> 00:16:20,580
+that is these methods do not give exact answers
+
+251
+00:16:20,580 --> 00:16:25,120
+nevertheless carefully choosing approximations can
+
+252
+00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:28,200
+yield results that are very close to the exact
+
+253
+00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,820
+answer while greatly simplifying the mathematics
+
+254
+00:16:31,820 --> 00:16:34,840
+before we explain this sentence we need to say
+
+255
+00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:39,910
+that from our general lifeThe approximate things
+
+256
+00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:42,370
+or approximations, we use them a lot without
+
+257
+00:16:42,370 --> 00:16:46,670
+feeling or without feeling them An example of
+
+258
+00:16:46,670 --> 00:16:51,430
+that, a merchant lost in his goods one hundred
+
+259
+00:16:51,430 --> 00:16:55,270
+thousand and four dollarsone hundred thousand and
+
+260
+00:16:55,270 --> 00:17:00,550
+four dollars when this merchant is asked how much
+
+261
+00:17:00,550 --> 00:17:04,530
+did you lose in the commercial deal that you made
+
+262
+00:17:04,530 --> 00:17:08,510
+he doesn't say I lost one hundred thousand dollars
+
+263
+00:17:08,510 --> 00:17:11,690
+and four dollars one hundred it's hard and long to
+
+264
+00:17:11,690 --> 00:17:14,210
+say it's easier to say one hundred thousand
+
+265
+00:17:14,210 --> 00:17:17,270
+dollars one hundred thousand dollars of course
+
+266
+00:17:17,270 --> 00:17:21,200
+it's not far from the truthI gave an approximate
+
+267
+00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:24,780
+answer, but it was very close to the exact answer
+
+268
+00:17:24,780 --> 00:17:28,900
+In other words, I lost $100,000, but in fact I
+
+269
+00:17:28,900 --> 00:17:32,640
+lost $100,000 with another $4 loss, okay?
+
+270
+00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:36,600
+Therefore, if I keep .. every person asks me or
+
+271
+00:17:36,600 --> 00:17:38,440
+when I register in the accounts or something
+
+272
+00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:42,480
+similar I say $100,000 and $4 means it takes time
+
+273
+00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:45,340
+and I'm tired of saying it, while 100 ..one
+
+274
+00:17:45,340 --> 00:17:47,140
+hundred thousand dollars, that's it, it's
+
+275
+00:17:47,140 --> 00:17:49,000
+considered a shortcut and approximate, an
+
+276
+00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,420
+approximate answer but very very close to the
+
+277
+00:17:52,420 --> 00:17:55,560
+correct answer When we say that the students and
+
+278
+00:17:55,560 --> 00:17:57,560
+students of the Islamic university, their number
+
+279
+00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:03,140
+is twenty thousand and seven studentsAnd we asked
+
+280
+00:18:03,140 --> 00:18:05,580
+a person, for example, how many students go to the
+
+281
+00:18:05,580 --> 00:18:07,640
+Islamic university? He said about 20,000 students
+
+282
+00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:13,180
+We did not go far from the truth So, the ways that
+
+283
+00:18:13,180 --> 00:18:15,020
+were developed to simplify the science of
+
+284
+00:18:15,020 --> 00:18:17,780
+geometric optics are based on approximation
+
+285
+00:18:17,780 --> 00:18:20,200
+Instead of telling me the location of the picture,
+
+286
+00:18:20,340 --> 00:18:23,460
+for example, one and a half meters and four
+
+287
+00:18:23,460 --> 00:18:25,580
+millimeters, tell me, for example, one and a half
+
+288
+00:18:25,580 --> 00:18:28,060
+meters Of course, we did not go far from the truth
+
+289
+00:18:28,670 --> 00:18:31,390
+We are very close to correctness, while if I want
+
+290
+00:18:31,390 --> 00:18:35,130
+to bring the correct place completely, the math
+
+291
+00:18:35,130 --> 00:18:37,790
+problems will be complicated and I will have a
+
+292
+00:18:37,790 --> 00:18:40,550
+very tiring job, while choosing these
+
+293
+00:18:40,550 --> 00:18:43,350
+approximations, choosing these approximations,
+
+294
+00:18:43,930 --> 00:18:46,850
+simplifies the calculations in a very large way,
+
+295
+00:18:47,010 --> 00:18:50,270
+as we will see in this lecture or the following
+
+296
+00:18:50,270 --> 00:18:55,060
+lectures. So we've made ..These methods are based
+
+297
+00:18:55,060 --> 00:18:58,240
+on approximations. What does it mean based on
+
+298
+00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:01,680
+approximations? That is, we interpret, these
+
+299
+00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:06,080
+methods do not give exact answers. It does not
+
+300
+00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:09,620
+give a 100% correct answer, but it is very close.
+
+301
+00:19:10,140 --> 00:19:13,580
+Nevertheless, carefully chosen approximations,
+
+302
+00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:18,400
+that is, they are chosen approximationsبشكل دقيق و
+
+303
+00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:22,360
+مختار بعناية بتعطيني can yield results بتعطيني
+
+304
+00:19:22,360 --> 00:19:26,840
+نتائج that are very close to the exact answerطيب
+
+305
+00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:29,960
+ليش أنا مابدي ال exact answer؟ ليش ما أصل ال exact
+
+306
+00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:33,960
+answer؟ إذا أنا بدي ال exact answer، هعقد ال
+
+307
+00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:38,700
+mathematics بشكل كبير جداً، بينما لما أنا أستعمل
+
+308
+00:19:38,700 --> 00:19:41,740
+بعض المقاربات، و هذا هيتضح في ما هو قادم من
+
+309
+00:19:41,740 --> 00:19:47,000
+المحاضرات، لما بستعمل المقاربات هاي، بعمل a great
+
+310
+00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:50,400
+simplification للمathematics، يعني بعمل ..يعني
+
+311
+00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:55,880
+تبسيط شديد جداto the subject of mathematics to the
+
+312
+00:19:55,880 --> 00:20:00,920
+subject of mathematics the trick in the subject or
+
+313
+00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:05,200
+which is the mystery in the subject or the main
+
+314
+00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:08,820
+thing in the main subject the trick is to choose
+
+315
+00:20:08,820 --> 00:20:12,920
+approximations that provide as much simplification
+
+316
+00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:17,040
+as possible while retaining as much accuracy as
+
+317
+00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:20,640
+possible I have two issues I want to simplify as
+
+318
+00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:25,480
+much as I canو في نفس الوجد بدي أكون دقيق قدر ما
+
+319
+00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:29,800
+أستطيع مثال احنا بنرجع لطلبة الجامعة الإسلامية
+
+320
+00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:35,680
+بنقول بنفرض عددهم عشرين الف طالب عشرين الف طالب و
+
+321
+00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:40,320
+سبع طلابI want to simplify this word by saying
+
+322
+00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:43,100
+that I have around 20,000 students, but I don't
+
+323
+00:20:43,100 --> 00:20:45,080
+want to say that I want to simplify the word
+
+324
+00:20:45,080 --> 00:20:47,680
+because there are 20,007 students, I want to say
+
+325
+00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:51,400
+that there are 21,000 students, that's too far
+
+326
+00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,870
+from the truthBecause when I want to say twenty
+
+327
+00:20:54,870 --> 00:20:57,290
+thousand students, I'm just .. what I didn't
+
+328
+00:20:57,290 --> 00:20:59,850
+mention, it's not seven students compared to
+
+329
+00:20:59,850 --> 00:21:03,570
+twenty thousand, it's nothing While when I say ..
+
+330
+00:21:03,570 --> 00:21:05,390
+instead of saying twenty thousand and seven
+
+331
+00:21:05,390 --> 00:21:08,190
+students, I said twenty-one thousand, which means
+
+332
+00:21:08,190 --> 00:21:15,990
+I addedOr I moved away from correctness by 993
+
+333
+00:21:15,990 --> 00:21:19,170
+students, I added them, so I'm almost weak on the
+
+334
+00:21:19,170 --> 00:21:22,050
+number, almost 1000 students, and that's how I'm
+
+335
+00:21:22,050 --> 00:21:27,550
+not accurate, not accurate, correctness of 21000
+
+336
+00:21:27,550 --> 00:21:30,730
+students is easyIt's easier than saying twenty
+
+337
+00:21:30,730 --> 00:21:33,050
+thousand students and seven students Yes, but
+
+338
+00:21:33,050 --> 00:21:36,510
+there's another number that's easy and at the same
+
+339
+00:21:36,510 --> 00:21:40,190
+time very close to accuracy As accurate as
+
+340
+00:21:40,190 --> 00:21:42,190
+possible, which means when I say twenty thousand
+
+341
+00:21:42,190 --> 00:21:45,030
+students, I'm away from the truth with seven
+
+342
+00:21:45,030 --> 00:21:48,640
+studentsWhen I say 21000 students, I am away from
+
+343
+00:21:48,640 --> 00:21:52,680
+the fact that there are 993 students Which one is
+
+344
+00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:54,640
+closer to the accuracy? No, the 20,000 students
+
+345
+00:21:54,640 --> 00:21:59,700
+So, the trick and the myth and the essential thing
+
+346
+00:21:59,700 --> 00:22:03,480
+in the matter is thatI build the science of
+
+347
+00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:07,000
+geometrical optics on approximations, on
+
+348
+00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:08,540
+approximations, that I want to choose
+
+349
+00:22:08,540 --> 00:22:12,660
+approximations, approximate answers to the truth
+
+350
+00:22:12,660 --> 00:22:17,360
+to be as much simple as possible, that is, as
+
+351
+00:22:17,360 --> 00:22:20,320
+simple as we can simplify, simplify, but taking
+
+352
+00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:23,680
+into account how accurate we can be, precisely,
+
+353
+00:22:24,120 --> 00:22:25,880
+that is, it must combine the two attributes, that
+
+354
+00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:28,060
+is, to be simple and at the same time accurate,
+
+355
+00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:32,800
+simple and at the same time accuratein this field
+
+356
+00:22:32,800 --> 00:22:36,360
+.. in this field .. the field of approximations ..
+
+357
+00:22:36,360 --> 00:22:39,040
+the .. the .. the scientist .. the mathematician
+
+358
+00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:43,940
+Carl Gauss his birth date and his death date made
+
+359
+00:22:43,940 --> 00:22:46,960
+many contributions to the analysis of optical
+
+360
+00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:51,760
+system to the analysis of optical system so Carl
+
+361
+00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:58,080
+Gauss played a big role in analyzing what is ..
+
+362
+00:22:59,360 --> 00:23:03,040
+أجهزة ال .. ال optical systems أو الأجهزة البصرية
+
+363
+00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:06,180
+بطريقة ال approximations، بطريقة ال
+
+364
+00:23:06,180 --> 00:23:10,260
+approximations. Gauss's work combined with that of
+
+365
+00:23:10,260 --> 00:23:13,360
+others developed into a system of analyzing
+
+366
+00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:17,180
+optical systems that has become known as first
+
+367
+00:23:17,180 --> 00:23:21,600
+order optics.Of course, the research and work that
+
+368
+00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:25,700
+Carl Gauss did, in addition to the work of
+
+369
+00:23:25,700 --> 00:23:31,620
+contemporary people, evolved and became a system
+
+370
+00:23:31,620 --> 00:23:35,580
+of equations and calculations This system of
+
+371
+00:23:35,580 --> 00:23:38,640
+equations and calculations produced by Gauss and
+
+372
+00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:42,460
+his colleagues of scientists at that time became
+
+373
+00:23:42,460 --> 00:23:48,100
+known as First Order Opticsوكأنهم بيقولوا ليه
+
+374
+00:23:48,100 --> 00:23:50,440
+وكأنه العلمان بيقول ليه عشان تفهم ال geometric
+
+375
+00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:55,420
+optics هذا اللي هي الخط الأول لفهم ال geometric
+
+376
+00:23:55,420 --> 00:23:59,020
+optics ال first order optics هي عبارة عن منظومة من
+
+377
+00:23:59,020 --> 00:24:05,400
+المعادلات و الحسابات الرياضية المبسطة اللي بسطت كل
+
+378
+00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:10,650
+ما بني عليها من علمالبصريات الهندسية. هنتوقف عند
+
+379
+00:24:10,650 --> 00:24:15,130
+هذه النقطة ونشوف إيش عملوا جماعة العلماء في ذلك
+
+380
+00:24:15,130 --> 00:24:21,010
+الزمن وكيف يعني بسطوا الأمر ويعطيكم العافية
+
+381
+00:24:21,010 --> 00:24:23,650
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKway0xLRTe7OlRxcQic7R2s-/fwaLFDW2z_c_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
+1
+00:00:02,390 --> 00:00:03,290
+In the name of Allah, the most merciful, the most
+
+2
+00:00:03,290 --> 00:00:06,010
+merciful, we continue the lectures on engineering
+
+3
+00:00:06,010 --> 00:00:09,930
+vision, and we actually reached to a very
+
+4
+00:00:09,930 --> 00:00:14,590
+important topic which is the first order optics In
+
+5
+00:00:14,590 --> 00:00:20,250
+order to talk about this topic, the first order
+
+6
+00:00:20,250 --> 00:00:26,170
+optics is a system of equations and mathematical
+
+7
+00:00:26,170 --> 00:00:27,930
+calculations
+
+8
+00:00:29,750 --> 00:00:32,250
+which facilitated a lot the science of geometric
+
+9
+00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:36,430
+optics, so it's a system of calculations and
+
+10
+00:00:36,430 --> 00:00:39,950
+mathematical equations which made the science of
+
+11
+00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:42,670
+geometric optics or the science of engineering
+
+12
+00:00:42,670 --> 00:00:51,110
+vision easy and flexible for centuriesلقرون عديدة
+
+13
+00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:55,030
+ال spheres, spherical surfaces was the only useful
+
+14
+00:00:55,030 --> 00:00:58,850
+lens surface that could be manufactured يعني ال ..
+
+15
+00:00:58,850 --> 00:01:03,380
+ال .. ال .. spherical refracting surfaceكانت هي
+
+16
+00:01:03,380 --> 00:01:09,080
+السطح الوحيد اللي ممكن تصنيعه لقرون عديدة و اللي
+
+17
+00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:14,620
+كان يعني يعطي useful image But common experience
+
+18
+00:01:14,620 --> 00:01:18,700
+shows that such lenses can produce useful image
+
+19
+00:01:18,700 --> 00:01:24,860
+هاد ال spherical refracting surface السطوحالقراوية
+
+20
+00:01:24,860 --> 00:01:29,260
+الشكل يعني بتعطينا useful image بمعنى صورة ماشي
+
+21
+00:01:29,260 --> 00:01:35,020
+حالها وعمليا يمكن استخدامها عمليا يمكن استخدامها
+
+22
+00:01:35,020 --> 00:01:37,920
+consequently the properties of spherical
+
+23
+00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:41,020
+refracting surfaces have been carefully studied
+
+24
+00:01:41,020 --> 00:01:45,000
+واتجهت دراسة العلماء بما أن ال spherical
+
+25
+00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:49,280
+refracting surface بتعطيني useful image تركزت
+
+26
+00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:54,490
+دراسة العلماءعلى دراسة الأسطح الكراوية أو the
+
+27
+00:01:54,490 --> 00:01:58,930
+spherical refracting surface طبعا في زماننا الحاضر
+
+28
+00:01:58,930 --> 00:02:02,450
+the accepted approach for studying the imaging
+
+29
+00:02:02,450 --> 00:02:06,290
+properties of any lens أو any optical system is
+
+30
+00:02:06,290 --> 00:02:11,690
+the method called exact ray tracing طبعا عشان ندرس
+
+31
+00:02:13,210 --> 00:02:15,610
+The characteristics of photography of any optical
+
+32
+00:02:15,610 --> 00:02:17,110
+system, that is, what are the characteristics of
+
+33
+00:02:17,110 --> 00:02:20,990
+the image that the optical system gives me? I want
+
+34
+00:02:20,990 --> 00:02:22,590
+to know the characteristics of the image,
+
+35
+00:02:23,190 --> 00:02:25,030
+therefore, in order to know the characteristics of
+
+36
+00:02:25,030 --> 00:02:28,750
+the image, that is, magnification, location,
+
+37
+00:02:29,070 --> 00:02:31,410
+quality and brightness, these are the
+
+38
+00:02:31,410 --> 00:02:32,730
+characteristics of the image, in order to know
+
+39
+00:02:32,730 --> 00:02:34,910
+them, I must knowThe characteristics of the
+
+40
+00:02:34,910 --> 00:02:37,370
+object, which are the photography tools and the
+
+41
+00:02:37,370 --> 00:02:41,030
+optical system that made this image, is the best
+
+42
+00:02:41,030 --> 00:02:44,270
+accepted method at the moment, and very accurate,
+
+43
+00:02:45,330 --> 00:02:48,750
+called ... to study the characteristics of the
+
+44
+00:02:48,750 --> 00:02:51,070
+optical system and thus deduce the characteristics
+
+45
+00:02:51,070 --> 00:02:53,650
+of the image, this method of studying the
+
+46
+00:02:53,650 --> 00:02:56,230
+characteristics of the optical system and studying
+
+47
+00:02:56,230 --> 00:02:58,780
+the characteristics of the image is calledExact
+
+48
+00:02:58,780 --> 00:03:03,780
+Ray Tracing، التتبع، التتبع الدقيق أو الحرفي
+
+49
+00:03:03,780 --> 00:03:08,260
+للأشعة، إيش يعني تتبع دقيق أو حرفي للأشعة أو exact
+
+50
+00:03:08,260 --> 00:03:12,070
+ray tracing؟ يعني أنا بدي ..I continue to follow
+
+51
+00:03:12,070 --> 00:03:16,430
+the rays from the first point of the object and
+
+52
+00:03:16,430 --> 00:03:19,110
+when it passes through the first surface and the
+
+53
+00:03:19,110 --> 00:03:21,310
+second surface and the third surface until it
+
+54
+00:03:21,310 --> 00:03:23,530
+reaches its place in the image or the image of
+
+55
+00:03:23,530 --> 00:03:28,030
+this point in the image In this way, exact ray
+
+56
+00:03:28,030 --> 00:03:31,650
+tracing is done by tracking the rays emitted, for
+
+57
+00:03:31,650 --> 00:03:35,710
+example, from a point in this techniqueSnell's law
+
+58
+00:03:35,710 --> 00:03:39,270
+is used to trace the paths of several rays, all
+
+59
+00:03:39,270 --> 00:03:42,730
+originating from a single object point Let's see
+
+60
+00:03:42,730 --> 00:03:45,990
+what this drawing tells us to clarify the idea I
+
+61
+00:03:45,990 --> 00:03:49,310
+have an extended object made up of an infinite
+
+62
+00:03:49,310 --> 00:03:55,030
+number of points I want to take one point from it
+
+63
+00:03:55,030 --> 00:04:02,200
+and track accurately several rays20, 30, 100
+
+64
+00:04:02,200 --> 00:04:06,320
+candles for example, and I use Snell's law for
+
+65
+00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:11,340
+each candle that leaves the medium, optical
+
+66
+00:04:11,340 --> 00:04:14,500
+medium, and moves to another optical medium. Let's
+
+67
+00:04:14,500 --> 00:04:18,300
+say I have, for example, 100 candles. The 100
+
+68
+00:04:18,300 --> 00:04:21,820
+candles hit the spherical refracting surface and
+
+69
+00:04:21,820 --> 00:04:25,070
+went into the glass.In the first case, I have to
+
+70
+00:04:25,070 --> 00:04:27,850
+apply Snell's law in the second case and the third
+
+71
+00:04:27,850 --> 00:04:31,290
+case to know exactly where the glass is going
+
+72
+00:04:31,290 --> 00:04:33,050
+after entering it. How do I know where it is
+
+73
+00:04:33,050 --> 00:04:35,290
+going? By applying the law of induction, which is
+
+74
+00:04:35,290 --> 00:04:41,270
+Ni sin theta I equals Nt sin theta T. Okay, when I
+
+75
+00:04:41,270 --> 00:04:44,170
+want to apply Snell's law to this large number of
+
+76
+00:04:44,170 --> 00:04:45,790
+particles, the first thing I have to do is to draw
+
+77
+00:04:45,790 --> 00:04:52,450
+the normal surfaceوين عند النقاط التقت الأشعة وين
+
+78
+00:04:52,450 --> 00:04:57,110
+التقت في السطح فبالتالي هذه القضية هتكون متعبة و
+
+79
+00:04:57,110 --> 00:05:01,690
+بتستهلك للوقت اذا in this technique Snell's law is
+
+80
+00:05:01,690 --> 00:05:05,530
+used to trace the paths of several raysAll
+
+81
+00:05:05,530 --> 00:05:09,270
+originating from a single object point يعني في هذه
+
+82
+00:05:09,270 --> 00:05:13,290
+الطريقة أنا بستخدم قانون الانكسار Snell's Law عشان
+
+83
+00:05:13,290 --> 00:05:18,830
+أتتبع الممرات الفراغية أو الخطوط أو المسارات اللي
+
+84
+00:05:18,830 --> 00:05:22,890
+صارت فيها العديد من الإشعاعات اللي كلها انطلقت من
+
+85
+00:05:22,890 --> 00:05:26,620
+one object pointA computer carries out the
+
+86
+00:05:26,620 --> 00:05:29,780
+calculations to as high a degree as necessary,
+
+87
+00:05:30,300 --> 00:05:33,580
+usually between six and eight significant figures
+
+88
+00:05:33,580 --> 00:05:37,220
+يعني ممكن أنا أستخدم الكمبيوتر عشان يجريلي هذه
+
+89
+00:05:37,220 --> 00:05:42,660
+الحسابات وممكن يعطيلي إجابات دقيقة عالية الدقة
+
+90
+00:05:42,660 --> 00:05:47,320
+عالية الدقةto the point where it could be a break
+
+91
+00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:51,300
+that extends to 6 or 8 numbers after the break,
+
+92
+00:05:51,760 --> 00:05:55,120
+which means that it precisely determines the angle
+
+93
+00:05:55,120 --> 00:05:57,440
+of the fall and the angle of the break, which
+
+94
+00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:58,780
+means that it precisely determines the course of
+
+95
+00:05:58,780 --> 00:05:59,020
+the flash
+
+96
+00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:06,320
+The following figure is the drawing that we showed
+
+97
+00:06:06,320 --> 00:06:10,460
+a while ago. Show an exact ray trace for a single
+
+98
+00:06:10,460 --> 00:06:13,480
+refracting service. Let's show the picture again.
+
+99
+00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:16,260
+We say I have a single refracting service. And
+
+100
+00:06:16,260 --> 00:06:20,840
+here I have a very precise tracking of multiple
+
+101
+00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:24,800
+rays that all started from one point. As we
+
+102
+00:06:24,800 --> 00:06:27,300
+noticed that all the rays when they entered the
+
+103
+00:06:27,300 --> 00:06:29,940
+glass, but it became a short circuit and
+
+104
+00:06:29,940 --> 00:06:32,900
+transmitted to the transmission.It didn't gather
+
+105
+00:06:32,900 --> 00:06:36,380
+in one point. Why? Because the image is not
+
+106
+00:06:36,380 --> 00:06:40,160
+stigmatic. The image is not stigmatic. It gathered
+
+107
+00:06:40,160 --> 00:06:44,820
+in a point spread function. Or in the case of
+
+108
+00:06:44,820 --> 00:06:48,480
+pinholing, we call it player circle.المهم تجمعت في
+
+109
+00:06:48,480 --> 00:06:52,020
+شكل .. هذه الشكل بيسموه point spread function أين
+
+110
+00:06:52,020 --> 00:06:55,180
+تقع ال point spread function؟ في المنطقة high ولا
+
+111
+00:06:55,180 --> 00:06:58,700
+high ولا high؟ لأ في أضيق منطقة تجمعت فيها
+
+112
+00:06:58,700 --> 00:07:04,310
+الأشعار، في أضيق منطقة تجمعت فيها الأشعارBecause
+
+113
+00:07:04,310 --> 00:07:07,790
+the image is not stigmatic, the rays do not
+
+114
+00:07:07,790 --> 00:07:09,410
+converge to a single point
+
+115
+00:07:30,060 --> 00:07:35,320
+I have a certain area inside the glass
+
+116
+00:07:40,730 --> 00:07:47,190
+confined and this is the location of the image or
+
+117
+00:07:47,190 --> 00:07:52,930
+point spread function the distribution of rays at
+
+118
+00:07:52,930 --> 00:07:55,910
+the image location indicates the size of the
+
+119
+00:07:55,910 --> 00:07:59,320
+player circleOr the best way to call it is point
+
+120
+00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:04,420
+spread function The distribution of
+
+121
+00:08:04,420 --> 00:08:07,720
+rays determines the shape and size of the point
+
+122
+00:08:07,720 --> 00:08:10,200
+spread function Is the point spread function big
+
+123
+00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:14,660
+or small?The smaller it is, the higher the quality
+
+124
+00:08:14,660 --> 00:08:18,800
+of the image. The larger the point spread function
+
+125
+00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:25,060
+is, the worse the image quality is. You may ask,
+
+126
+00:08:25,200 --> 00:08:28,340
+why don't we use lenses in experiments? We say
+
+127
+00:08:28,340 --> 00:08:32,060
+this is a single refracting service because it is
+
+128
+00:08:32,060 --> 00:08:35,160
+a single refracting service. And we want to start
+
+129
+00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:37,780
+studying the literal tracking of rays or accurate
+
+130
+00:08:37,780 --> 00:08:42,000
+tracking of rays, exact ray tracing.By using one
+
+131
+00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:44,760
+surface, because if I want to use two surfaces, it
+
+132
+00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:46,960
+means that I have to apply Snell's law on the
+
+133
+00:08:46,960 --> 00:08:51,180
+first surface and apply Snell's law again on the
+
+134
+00:08:51,180 --> 00:08:54,460
+second surface They themselves when they move the
+
+135
+00:08:54,460 --> 00:08:56,820
+back surface to the lens, so it will become more
+
+136
+00:08:56,820 --> 00:09:01,860
+difficult and complicated, and complicated, so ..
+
+137
+00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:07,760
+The distribution of rays at the image location
+
+138
+00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:11,680
+indicates the size of the Blair circle or point
+
+139
+00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:15,140
+spread function.From the size of the player circle
+
+140
+00:09:15,140 --> 00:09:17,960
+or point spread function, the image quality is
+
+141
+00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:21,060
+determined. How? From the size of the player
+
+142
+00:09:21,060 --> 00:09:25,560
+circle or point spread function, the image quality
+
+143
+00:09:25,560 --> 00:09:27,640
+is determined. The opposite relationship. We say
+
+144
+00:09:27,640 --> 00:09:30,740
+that the smaller the point spread function, the
+
+145
+00:09:30,740 --> 00:09:34,120
+higher the image quality. The larger the point
+
+146
+00:09:34,120 --> 00:09:37,680
+spread function, the lower the image quality. This
+
+147
+00:09:37,680 --> 00:09:41,140
+is what we heard in previous lectures.
+
+148
+00:09:43,700 --> 00:09:47,000
+another thing is that I set the image quality from
+
+149
+00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:52,560
+the size of the point spread function we set the
+
+150
+00:09:52,560 --> 00:09:54,800
+image quality which is one of the attributes of
+
+151
+00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:57,540
+the image now I want to see the image location
+
+152
+00:09:57,540 --> 00:10:00,300
+image location is the location of the image this
+
+153
+00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:04,720
+image here image location is calculated from this
+
+154
+00:10:04,720 --> 00:10:09,520
+object location from the spherical refracting
+
+155
+00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,430
+surface from the surfaceto the object, this object
+
+156
+00:10:13,430 --> 00:10:18,430
+distance and from the service to the image, this
+
+157
+00:10:18,430 --> 00:10:21,210
+image distance When I determine the location of
+
+158
+00:10:21,210 --> 00:10:24,570
+the image and I know the location of the object in
+
+159
+00:10:24,570 --> 00:10:26,250
+advance, that is, the image distance and the
+
+160
+00:10:26,250 --> 00:10:29,630
+object distance I determine, then the location is
+
+161
+00:10:29,630 --> 00:10:31,430
+determined for me and the location is one of the
+
+162
+00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:34,730
+attributes of the imageAs long as I know the
+
+163
+00:10:34,730 --> 00:10:37,210
+location, I'm going to get the magnification from
+
+164
+00:10:37,210 --> 00:10:38,870
+it. I'm going to get the magnification from it
+
+165
+00:10:38,870 --> 00:10:41,930
+because what transfers magnification is equal to
+
+166
+00:10:41,930 --> 00:10:45,950
+image distance over object distance. Therefore, I
+
+167
+00:10:45,950 --> 00:10:48,090
+get the attributes of the image I know from the
+
+168
+00:10:48,090 --> 00:10:51,550
+image location. From the location of the image,
+
+169
+00:10:51,730 --> 00:10:55,130
+other properties such as magnification are
+
+170
+00:10:55,130 --> 00:10:57,650
+determined. How does it determine magnification
+
+171
+00:10:57,650 --> 00:11:00,510
+from the location of the image. Image location is
+
+172
+00:11:00,510 --> 00:11:03,210
+the same as image distance.It's the same image
+
+173
+00:11:03,210 --> 00:11:05,510
+distance And the object distance is already known
+
+174
+00:11:05,510 --> 00:11:08,270
+because I know how far the object is away from the
+
+175
+00:11:08,270 --> 00:11:11,110
+single refracting surface I divide the image
+
+176
+00:11:11,110 --> 00:11:13,950
+location or image distance by the object distance
+
+177
+00:11:13,950 --> 00:11:17,390
+and it gives me a transphase magnification
+
+178
+00:11:17,390 --> 00:11:20,570
+Ultimately
+
+179
+00:11:20,570 --> 00:11:26,170
+and in the end, all image properties
+
+180
+00:11:26,170 --> 00:11:30,930
+may be determined with exact ray tracingWith exact
+
+181
+00:11:30,930 --> 00:11:35,590
+ray tracing طبعا باستعمال ال exact ray tracing و
+
+182
+00:11:35,590 --> 00:11:38,890
+اللي هو دقيق للغاية ليش دقيق للغاية لأن انا مابسيب
+
+183
+00:11:38,890 --> 00:11:43,590
+الشعاع و بخمن تخمين انه هدف مينه سقط بميلان معين
+
+184
+00:11:43,590 --> 00:11:49,530
+اذا خلينا نرسم انكساره بهذا الاتجاه لأ لازم عند كل
+
+185
+00:11:49,530 --> 00:11:54,610
+شعاعI draw the service normal on this line, I draw
+
+186
+00:11:54,610 --> 00:11:57,370
+the service normal, and after I draw the service
+
+187
+00:11:57,370 --> 00:12:01,070
+normal, I bring theta I, the angle of fall, and I
+
+188
+00:12:01,070 --> 00:12:03,670
+enter it in the equation Ni, known as the
+
+189
+00:12:03,670 --> 00:12:06,610
+windbreaker, sine theta I, which I have defined
+
+190
+00:12:06,610 --> 00:12:09,010
+now between the service normal and the falling
+
+191
+00:12:09,010 --> 00:12:12,270
+lightningIt's equal to nt which is for the glass,
+
+192
+00:12:12,610 --> 00:12:15,230
+and this is known, sine theta t, which I want to
+
+193
+00:12:15,230 --> 00:12:18,850
+find, and from sine theta t, I want to find theta
+
+194
+00:12:18,850 --> 00:12:20,730
+t which is the angle of contraction, and after
+
+195
+00:12:20,730 --> 00:12:26,330
+that, I draw the rays according to the angle of
+
+196
+00:12:26,330 --> 00:12:28,610
+theta t, and this is what I want to do with each
+
+197
+00:12:28,610 --> 00:12:29,770
+ray of the rays
+
+198
+00:12:51,400 --> 00:12:55,320
+ultimately all image properties may be determined
+
+199
+00:12:55,320 --> 00:12:57,220
+with exact ray tracing
+
+200
+00:13:00,300 --> 00:13:04,800
+الطريقة دقيقة للغاية ولكن متعبة للغاية ومرهقة
+
+201
+00:13:04,800 --> 00:13:09,540
+للغاية وحنحكي ليش متعبة للغاية ومرهقة للغاية لأنها
+
+202
+00:13:09,540 --> 00:13:13,580
+أول إشي time consuming يعني تستهلك الوقت تاني إشي
+
+203
+00:13:13,580 --> 00:13:20,720
+ليس سهلا .. ليس سهلا أني أرسم .. أني أرسم service
+
+204
+00:13:20,720 --> 00:13:25,000
+normal لكل عمود طبعا قد يكون سهل الأمر .. سهل
+
+205
+00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:29,080
+الأمر لل spherical refracting serviceThe surface
+
+206
+00:13:29,080 --> 00:13:31,960
+of the sphere, which is part of a ball, can be
+
+207
+00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:33,980
+from the center of this ball, I can pass any
+
+208
+00:13:33,980 --> 00:13:35,860
+column to the surface, it is considered a column
+
+209
+00:13:35,860 --> 00:13:38,680
+and therefore this is an easy job, but if I had
+
+210
+00:13:38,680 --> 00:13:42,980
+this shape or this surface, elliptical or nearly
+
+211
+00:13:42,980 --> 00:13:46,760
+elliptical or conoid or something similar, that
+
+212
+00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:49,280
+is, a torus surface, a rectangular surface,
+
+213
+00:13:49,760 --> 00:13:52,720
+sometimes it becomes very very difficult for meAnd
+
+214
+00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:55,120
+I have to ask for help from people specialized in
+
+215
+00:13:55,120 --> 00:14:00,000
+mathematics to have a column with a point on the
+
+216
+00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,360
+surface with mathematical equations So the exact
+
+217
+00:14:03,360 --> 00:14:07,340
+rate racing is very precise but very tiring and
+
+218
+00:14:07,340 --> 00:14:11,740
+can consume a very long timeOkay, what did the
+
+219
+00:14:11,740 --> 00:14:14,360
+scientists do .. what did the scientists do in the
+
+220
+00:14:14,360 --> 00:14:16,720
+years .. or in the seventeenth century, in the
+
+221
+00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:20,880
+year 1600 and .. and towards our current era,
+
+222
+00:14:21,580 --> 00:14:25,540
+especially that at that time there was no computer
+
+223
+00:14:25,540 --> 00:14:28,510
+topic, right I have the computer here as we saidHe
+
+224
+00:14:28,510 --> 00:14:32,590
+can give me the answer in a very precise way, not
+
+225
+00:14:32,590 --> 00:14:35,250
+only with correct numbers, but also with fractions
+
+226
+00:14:35,250 --> 00:14:38,210
+and decimals and so on, up to six numbers after
+
+227
+00:14:38,210 --> 00:14:39,890
+the decimal on the right hand side, and sometimes
+
+228
+00:14:39,890 --> 00:14:42,830
+up to eight numbers, and this is very accurate But
+
+229
+00:14:42,830 --> 00:14:45,830
+in their time, there was no computer, or even a
+
+230
+00:14:45,830 --> 00:14:53,430
+computer, or anything like thatفي سنوات الالف و
+
+231
+00:14:53,430 --> 00:14:58,090
+ستمية او ابتدا من الف و ستمية و طالع methods of
+
+232
+00:14:58,090 --> 00:15:02,010
+analyzing optical systems were developed that
+
+233
+00:15:02,010 --> 00:15:05,510
+either greatly reduced or eliminated the need for
+
+234
+00:15:05,510 --> 00:15:10,750
+calculation يعني تم تطوير طرق معينة للحسابات هذه
+
+235
+00:15:10,750 --> 00:15:16,830
+الطرق هذه الطرق اما خففت كتيرa lot of need for
+
+236
+00:15:16,830 --> 00:15:20,470
+calculations, and sometimes the need for
+
+237
+00:15:20,470 --> 00:15:22,410
+calculations faded away, which means that things
+
+238
+00:15:22,410 --> 00:15:26,830
+became very simple and the science of geometric
+
+239
+00:15:26,830 --> 00:15:34,150
+optics became advanced in this field and developed
+
+240
+00:15:34,150 --> 00:15:37,510
+because of these methods that were developed to
+
+241
+00:15:37,510 --> 00:15:39,850
+understand the science of geometric optics and the
+
+242
+00:15:39,850 --> 00:15:42,190
+journey of light from the object to the optical
+
+243
+00:15:42,190 --> 00:15:46,960
+system to the imageThese ways that were developed
+
+244
+00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:51,560
+in the 17th century and towards us or towards our
+
+245
+00:15:51,560 --> 00:15:59,400
+current era are mainly based on one thing onlyIt's
+
+246
+00:15:59,400 --> 00:16:03,760
+approximations, the approximations, these methods
+
+247
+00:16:03,760 --> 00:16:06,560
+that were developed to simplify the science of
+
+248
+00:16:06,560 --> 00:16:09,780
+geometric optics are based on the word
+
+249
+00:16:09,780 --> 00:16:13,420
+approximation, or on the subject of approximations
+
+250
+00:16:16,420 --> 00:16:20,580
+that is these methods do not give exact answers
+
+251
+00:16:20,580 --> 00:16:25,120
+nevertheless carefully choosing approximations can
+
+252
+00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:28,200
+yield results that are very close to the exact
+
+253
+00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,820
+answer while greatly simplifying the mathematics
+
+254
+00:16:31,820 --> 00:16:34,840
+before we explain this sentence we need to say
+
+255
+00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:39,910
+that from our general lifeThe approximate things
+
+256
+00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:42,370
+or approximations, we use them a lot without
+
+257
+00:16:42,370 --> 00:16:46,670
+feeling or without feeling them An example of
+
+258
+00:16:46,670 --> 00:16:51,430
+that, a merchant lost in his goods one hundred
+
+259
+00:16:51,430 --> 00:16:55,270
+thousand and four dollarsone hundred thousand and
+
+260
+00:16:55,270 --> 00:17:00,550
+four dollars when this merchant is asked how much
+
+261
+00:17:00,550 --> 00:17:04,530
+did you lose in the commercial deal that you made
+
+262
+00:17:04,530 --> 00:17:08,510
+he doesn't say I lost one hundred thousand dollars
+
+263
+00:17:08,510 --> 00:17:11,690
+and four dollars one hundred it's hard and long to
+
+264
+00:17:11,690 --> 00:17:14,210
+say it's easier to say one hundred thousand
+
+265
+00:17:14,210 --> 00:17:17,270
+dollars one hundred thousand dollars of course
+
+266
+00:17:17,270 --> 00:17:21,200
+it's not far from the truthI gave an approximate
+
+267
+00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:24,780
+answer, but it was very close to the exact answer
+
+268
+00:17:24,780 --> 00:17:28,900
+In other words, I lost $100,000, but in fact I
+
+269
+00:17:28,900 --> 00:17:32,640
+lost $100,000 with another $4 loss, okay?
+
+270
+00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:36,600
+Therefore, if I keep .. every person asks me or
+
+271
+00:17:36,600 --> 00:17:38,440
+when I register in the accounts or something
+
+272
+00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:42,480
+similar I say $100,000 and $4 means it takes time
+
+273
+00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:45,340
+and I'm tired of saying it, while 100 ..one
+
+274
+00:17:45,340 --> 00:17:47,140
+hundred thousand dollars, that's it, it's
+
+275
+00:17:47,140 --> 00:17:49,000
+considered a shortcut and approximate, an
+
+276
+00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,420
+approximate answer but very very close to the
+
+277
+00:17:52,420 --> 00:17:55,560
+correct answer When we say that the students and
+
+278
+00:17:55,560 --> 00:17:57,560
+students of the Islamic university, their number
+
+279
+00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:03,140
+is twenty thousand and seven studentsAnd we asked
+
+280
+00:18:03,140 --> 00:18:05,580
+a person, for example, how many students go to the
+
+281
+00:18:05,580 --> 00:18:07,640
+Islamic university? He said about 20,000 students
+
+282
+00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:13,180
+We did not go far from the truth So, the ways that
+
+283
+00:18:13,180 --> 00:18:15,020
+were developed to simplify the science of
+
+284
+00:18:15,020 --> 00:18:17,780
+geometric optics are based on approximation
+
+285
+00:18:17,780 --> 00:18:20,200
+Instead of telling me the location of the picture,
+
+286
+00:18:20,340 --> 00:18:23,460
+for example, one and a half meters and four
+
+287
+00:18:23,460 --> 00:18:25,580
+millimeters, tell me, for example, one and a half
+
+288
+00:18:25,580 --> 00:18:28,060
+meters Of course, we did not go far from the truth
+
+289
+00:18:28,670 --> 00:18:31,390
+We are very close to correctness, while if I want
+
+290
+00:18:31,390 --> 00:18:35,130
+to bring the correct place completely, the math
+
+291
+00:18:35,130 --> 00:18:37,790
+problems will be complicated and I will have a
+
+292
+00:18:37,790 --> 00:18:40,550
+very tiring job, while choosing these
+
+293
+00:18:40,550 --> 00:18:43,350
+approximations, choosing these approximations,
+
+294
+00:18:43,930 --> 00:18:46,850
+simplifies the calculations in a very large way,
+
+295
+00:18:47,010 --> 00:18:50,270
+as we will see in this lecture or the following
+
+296
+00:18:50,270 --> 00:18:55,060
+lectures. So we've made ..These methods are based
+
+297
+00:18:55,060 --> 00:18:58,240
+on approximations. What does it mean based on
+
+298
+00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:01,680
+approximations? That is, we interpret, these
+
+299
+00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:06,080
+methods do not give exact answers. It does not
+
+300
+00:19:06,080 --> 00:19:09,620
+give a 100% correct answer, but it is very close.
+
+301
+00:19:10,140 --> 00:19:13,580
+Nevertheless, carefully chosen approximations,
+
+302
+00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:18,400
+that is, they are chosen approximationsبشكل دقيق و
+
+303
+00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:22,360
+مختار بعناية بتعطيني can yield results بتعطيني
+
+304
+00:19:22,360 --> 00:19:26,840
+نتائج that are very close to the exact answerطيب
+
+305
+00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:29,960
+ليش أنا مابدي ال exact answer؟ ليش ما أصل ال exact
+
+306
+00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:33,960
+answer؟ إذا أنا بدي ال exact answer، هعقد ال
+
+307
+00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:38,700
+mathematics بشكل كبير جداً، بينما لما أنا أستعمل
+
+308
+00:19:38,700 --> 00:19:41,740
+بعض المقاربات، و هذا هيتضح في ما هو قادم من
+
+309
+00:19:41,740 --> 00:19:47,000
+المحاضرات، لما بستعمل المقاربات هاي، بعمل a great
+
+310
+00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:50,400
+simplification للمathematics، يعني بعمل ..يعني
+
+311
+00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:55,880
+تبسيط شديد جداto the subject of mathematics to the
+
+312
+00:19:55,880 --> 00:20:00,920
+subject of mathematics the trick in the subject or
+
+313
+00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:05,200
+which is the mystery in the subject or the main
+
+314
+00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:08,820
+thing in the main subject the trick is to choose
+
+315
+00:20:08,820 --> 00:20:12,920
+approximations that provide as much simplification
+
+316
+00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:17,040
+as possible while retaining as much accuracy as
+
+317
+00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:20,640
+possible I have two issues I want to simplify as
+
+318
+00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:25,480
+much as I canو في نفس الوجد بدي أكون دقيق قدر ما
+
+319
+00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:29,800
+أستطيع مثال احنا بنرجع لطلبة الجامعة الإسلامية
+
+320
+00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:35,680
+بنقول بنفرض عددهم عشرين الف طالب عشرين الف طالب و
+
+321
+00:20:35,680 --> 00:20:40,320
+سبع طلابI want to simplify this word by saying
+
+322
+00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:43,100
+that I have around 20,000 students, but I don't
+
+323
+00:20:43,100 --> 00:20:45,080
+want to say that I want to simplify the word
+
+324
+00:20:45,080 --> 00:20:47,680
+because there are 20,007 students, I want to say
+
+325
+00:20:47,680 --> 00:20:51,400
+that there are 21,000 students, that's too far
+
+326
+00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,870
+from the truthBecause when I want to say twenty
+
+327
+00:20:54,870 --> 00:20:57,290
+thousand students, I'm just .. what I didn't
+
+328
+00:20:57,290 --> 00:20:59,850
+mention, it's not seven students compared to
+
+329
+00:20:59,850 --> 00:21:03,570
+twenty thousand, it's nothing While when I say ..
+
+330
+00:21:03,570 --> 00:21:05,390
+instead of saying twenty thousand and seven
+
+331
+00:21:05,390 --> 00:21:08,190
+students, I said twenty-one thousand, which means
+
+332
+00:21:08,190 --> 00:21:15,990
+I addedOr I moved away from correctness by 993
+
+333
+00:21:15,990 --> 00:21:19,170
+students, I added them, so I'm almost weak on the
+
+334
+00:21:19,170 --> 00:21:22,050
+number, almost 1000 students, and that's how I'm
+
+335
+00:21:22,050 --> 00:21:27,550
+not accurate, not accurate, correctness of 21000
+
+336
+00:21:27,550 --> 00:21:30,730
+students is easyIt's easier than saying twenty
+
+337
+00:21:30,730 --> 00:21:33,050
+thousand students and seven students Yes, but
+
+338
+00:21:33,050 --> 00:21:36,510
+there's another number that's easy and at the same
+
+339
+00:21:36,510 --> 00:21:40,190
+time very close to accuracy As accurate as
+
+340
+00:21:40,190 --> 00:21:42,190
+possible, which means when I say twenty thousand
+
+341
+00:21:42,190 --> 00:21:45,030
+students, I'm away from the truth with seven
+
+342
+00:21:45,030 --> 00:21:48,640
+studentsWhen I say 21000 students, I am away from
+
+343
+00:21:48,640 --> 00:21:52,680
+the fact that there are 993 students Which one is
+
+344
+00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:54,640
+closer to the accuracy? No, the 20,000 students
+
+345
+00:21:54,640 --> 00:21:59,700
+So, the trick and the myth and the essential thing
+
+346
+00:21:59,700 --> 00:22:03,480
+in the matter is thatI build the science of
+
+347
+00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:07,000
+geometrical optics on approximations, on
+
+348
+00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:08,540
+approximations, that I want to choose
+
+349
+00:22:08,540 --> 00:22:12,660
+approximations, approximate answers to the truth
+
+350
+00:22:12,660 --> 00:22:17,360
+to be as much simple as possible, that is, as
+
+351
+00:22:17,360 --> 00:22:20,320
+simple as we can simplify, simplify, but taking
+
+352
+00:22:20,320 --> 00:22:23,680
+into account how accurate we can be, precisely,
+
+353
+00:22:24,120 --> 00:22:25,880
+that is, it must combine the two attributes, that
+
+354
+00:22:25,880 --> 00:22:28,060
+is, to be simple and at the same time accurate,
+
+355
+00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:32,800
+simple and at the same time accuratein this field
+
+356
+00:22:32,800 --> 00:22:36,360
+.. in this field .. the field of approximations ..
+
+357
+00:22:36,360 --> 00:22:39,040
+the .. the .. the scientist .. the mathematician
+
+358
+00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:43,940
+Carl Gauss his birth date and his death date made
+
+359
+00:22:43,940 --> 00:22:46,960
+many contributions to the analysis of optical
+
+360
+00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:51,760
+system to the analysis of optical system so Carl
+
+361
+00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:58,080
+Gauss played a big role in analyzing what is ..
+
+362
+00:22:59,360 --> 00:23:03,040
+أجهزة ال .. ال optical systems أو الأجهزة البصرية
+
+363
+00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:06,180
+بطريقة ال approximations، بطريقة ال
+
+364
+00:23:06,180 --> 00:23:10,260
+approximations. Gauss's work combined with that of
+
+365
+00:23:10,260 --> 00:23:13,360
+others developed into a system of analyzing
+
+366
+00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:17,180
+optical systems that has become known as first
+
+367
+00:23:17,180 --> 00:23:21,600
+order optics.Of course, the research and work that
+
+368
+00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:25,700
+Carl Gauss did, in addition to the work of
+
+369
+00:23:25,700 --> 00:23:31,620
+contemporary people, evolved and became a system
+
+370
+00:23:31,620 --> 00:23:35,580
+of equations and calculations This system of
+
+371
+00:23:35,580 --> 00:23:38,640
+equations and calculations produced by Gauss and
+
+372
+00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:42,460
+his colleagues of scientists at that time became
+
+373
+00:23:42,460 --> 00:23:48,100
+known as First Order Opticsوكأنهم بيقولوا ليه
+
+374
+00:23:48,100 --> 00:23:50,440
+وكأنه العلمان بيقول ليه عشان تفهم ال geometric
+
+375
+00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:55,420
+optics هذا اللي هي الخط الأول لفهم ال geometric
+
+376
+00:23:55,420 --> 00:23:59,020
+optics ال first order optics هي عبارة عن منظومة من
+
+377
+00:23:59,020 --> 00:24:05,400
+المعادلات و الحسابات الرياضية المبسطة اللي بسطت كل
+
+378
+00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:10,650
+ما بني عليها من علمالبصريات الهندسية. هنتوقف عند
+
+379
+00:24:10,650 --> 00:24:15,130
+هذه النقطة ونشوف إيش عملوا جماعة العلماء في ذلك
+
+380
+00:24:15,130 --> 00:24:21,010
+الزمن وكيف يعني بسطوا الأمر ويعطيكم العافية
+
+381
+00:24:21,010 --> 00:24:23,650
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+