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Modest visceral fat gain causes endothelial dysfunction in healthy humans . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the impact of fat gain and its distribution on endothelial function in lean healthy humans . BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction has been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events . Whether fat gain impairs endothelial function is unknown . METHODS A randomized controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of fat gain on endothelial function . Forty-three normal-weight healthy volunteers were recruited ( mean age 29 years ; 18 women ) . Subjects were assigned to gain weight ( approximately 4 kg ) ( n=35 ) or to maintain weight ( n=8 ) . Endothelial function ( brachial artery flow-mediated dilation [ FMD ] ) was measured at baseline , after fat gain ( 8 weeks ) , and after weight loss ( 16 weeks ) for fat gainers and at baseline and follow-up ( 8 weeks ) for weight maintainers . Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomographic scans . RESULTS After an average weight gain of 4.1 kg , fat gainers significantly increased their total , visceral , and subcutaneous fat . Blood pressure and overnight polysomnography did not change after fat gain or loss . FMD remained unchanged in weight maintainers . FMD decreased in fat gainers ( 9.1+/-3 % vs. 7.8+/-3.2 % , p=0.003 ) but recovered to baseline when subjects shed the gained weight . There was a significant correlation between the decrease in FMD and the increase in visceral fat gain ( rho=-0.42 , p=0.004 ) , but not with subcutaneous fat gain ( rho=-0.22 , p=0.15 ) . CONCLUSIONS In normal-weight healthy young subjects , modest fat gain results in impaired endothelial function , even in the absence of changes in blood pressure . Endothelial function recovers after weight loss . Increased visceral rather than subcutaneous fat predicts endothelial dysfunction . ( Fat Gain and Cardiovascular Disease Mechanisms ; NCT00589498 ) .
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Intervention_Physical
fat gain
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Intervention_Physical
fat gain
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Intervention_Physical
fat gain
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Intervention_Physical
gain weight
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Intervention_Control
maintain weight
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Intervention_Physical
fat gain
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Outcome_Physical
endothelial function
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Outcome_Physical
Endothelial dysfunction
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Outcome_Physical
endothelial function
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Outcome_Physical
Endothelial function ( brachial artery flow-mediated dilation [ FMD ] )
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Outcome_Physical
total , visceral , and subcutaneous fat . Blood pressure and overnight polysomnography
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Outcome_Physical
FMD
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Outcome_Physical
FMD
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Outcome_Physical
FMD
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Outcome_Physical
visceral fat gain
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Outcome_Physical
subcutaneous fat gain
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Outcome_Physical
endothelial function
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Outcome_Physical
blood pressure
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Outcome_Physical
Endothelial function
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Outcome_Physical
fat
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Outcome_Physical
endothelial dysfunction