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Improved survival with early intensification : combined results from the Medical Research Council childhood ALL randomised trials , UKALL X and UKALL XI . Medical Research Council Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia . The Medical Research Council ( MRC ) United Kingdom trial for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ( UKALL X ) randomised patients aged 0-14 years inclusive with an initial white blood count of less than 100 x 10 ( 9 ) /l to receive an early intensification block , a late intensification block , both , or neither . The next trial , UKALL XI , for children aged 1-14 years , randomised between different central nervous system ( CNS ) directed therapies . At the beginning of the trial , all patients were also randomised between late intensification alone and both early plus late blocks . The effects of both the early and the late block in UKALL X alone have been reported previously . This paper examines the effect of the addition of the early intensification block to treatment which included late intensification , combining the data from UKALL X and the first part of UKALL XI . Early intensification was associated with fewer bone marrow relapses and a reduction in the odds of death of 0.63 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.46-0.87 ) . Survival was significantly improved with an increase at 5 years of 8 % , from 79 to 87 % . Following this demonstration that early intensification improves survival , the effect of a third intensification block is under investigation .
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Intervention_Educational
early intensification
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Intervention_Other
an early intensification block
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Intervention_Other
late intensification block
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Intervention_Physical
different central nervous system ( CNS ) directed therapies
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Intervention_Educational
late intensification alone
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Intervention_Educational
both early plus late blocks
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Outcome_Physical
bone marrow relapses
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Outcome_Mortality
death
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Outcome_Mortality
Survival
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Participant_Condition
randomised trials