56331
document
Psychological adjustment and levels of self esteem in children with visual-motor integration difficulties influences the results of a randomized intervention trial . This study evaluates how much the effects of intervention programs are influenced by pre-existing psychological adjustment and self-esteem levels in kindergarten and first grade children with poor visual-motor integration skills , from low socioeconomic backgrounds . One hundred and sixteen mainstream kindergarten and first-grade children , from low socioeconomic backgrounds , scoring below the 25th percentile on a measure of visual-motor integration ( VMI ) were recruited and randomly divided into two parallel intervention groups . One intervention group received directive visual-motor intervention ( DVMI ) , while the second intervention group received a non-directive supportive intervention ( NDSI ) . Tests were administered to evaluate visual-motor integration skills outcome . Children with higher baseline measures of psychological adjustment and self-esteem responded better in NDSI while children with lower baseline performance on psychological adjustment and self-esteem responded better in DVMI . This study suggests that children from low socioeconomic backgrounds with low VMI performance scores will benefit more from intervention programs if clinicians choose the type of intervention according to baseline psychological adjustment and self-esteem measures .
56332
Intervention_Educational
Psychological adjustment
56333
Intervention_Educational
self esteem
56334
Intervention_Educational
directive visual-motor intervention ( DVMI
56335
Intervention_Educational
non-directive supportive intervention ( NDSI )
56336
Intervention_Educational
NDSI
56337
Intervention_Educational
DVMI