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document
A randomized intervention to improve ongoing participation in mammography . OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of interventions intended to increase rates of regular breast cancer screening , according to recommended guidelines . STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled trial of 2 outreach interventions ( a mail reminder and a telephone reminder plus appointment scheduling ) compared with a routine publicity campaign to encourage continued participation in mammography screening . PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants were 1908 women aged 50 to 75 years continuously enrolled in a large group-model HMO during the study who underwent a bilateral mammogram during the first quarter of 1994 and no subsequent mammogram during the next 18 to 21 months . Data were obtained from health plan administrative data files supplemented by medical chart review . Women were randomly assigned to receive ( 1 ) a mail reminder , ( 2 ) a telephone reminder , or ( 3 ) routine publicity on mammography for all women . The outcome measure was a mammogram received after the intervention period and within 2 years of the initial mammogram date . RESULTS Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses showed that participation was significantly higher for women contacted by telephone than through routine publicity . Mail reminders were no more effective than a routine publicity campaign . Primary care physician and gynecologist visits increased the likelihood of a subsequent mammogram for women in all intervention groups . CONCLUSIONS Telephone contact by regular health plan staff was more successful than publicity in encouraging continued participation in mammography screening in women enrolled in a group-model managed health care plan . Because mailings did not influence participation in mammography screening , health plans should be cautious about investing in member mailings without first evaluating their effectiveness in the context of existing outreach efforts .
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Intervention_Physical
interventions intended
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Intervention_Educational
outreach interventions ( a mail reminder and a telephone reminder plus appointment scheduling )
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Intervention_Educational
routine publicity campaign
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Intervention_Physical
mammography
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Intervention_Educational
a mail reminder , ( 2 ) a telephone reminder , or ( 3 ) routine publicity on mammography for all women .
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Intervention_Educational
routine publicity campaign .
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Intervention_Educational
Telephone contact
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Outcome_Mental
ongoing participation in mammography
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Outcome_Mental
rates of regular breast cancer screening
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Outcome_Mental
continued participation in mammography screening
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Outcome_Mental
mammogram received after the intervention period and within 2 years of the initial mammogram date
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Outcome_Mental
subsequent mammogram
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Outcome_Mental
mammography screening
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Outcome_Mental
mammography screening