50336
document
Tailored , iterative , printed dietary feedback is as effective as group education in improving dietary behaviours : results from a randomised control trial in middle-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors . BACKGROUND Tailored nutrition interventions have been shown to be more effective than non-tailored materials in changing dietary behaviours , particularly fat intake and fruit and vegetable intake . But further research examining efficacy of tailored nutrition education in comparison to other nutrition education methods and across a wider range of dietary behaviours is needed . The Stages to Healthy Eating Patterns Study ( STEPs ) was an intervention study , in middle-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors , to examine the effectiveness of printed , tailored , iterative dietary feedback delivered by mail in improving short-term dietary behaviour in the areas of saturated fat , fruit , vegetable and grain and cereal intake . METHODS STEPs was a 3-month randomised controlled trial with a pre and post-test design . There were three experimental conditions : 1 ) tailored , iterative , printed dietary feedback ( TF ) with three instalments mail-delivered over a 3-month period that were re-tailored to most recent assessment of dietary intake , intention to change and assessment of self-adequacy of dietary intake . Tailoring for dietary intake was performed on data from a validated 63-item combination FFQ designed for the purpose 2 ) small group nutrition education sessions ( GE ) : consisting of two 90-minute dietitian-led small group nutrition education sessions and 3 ) and a wait-listed control ( C ) group who completed the dietary measures and socio-demographic questionnaires at baseline and 3-months later . Dietary outcome measures in the areas of saturated fat intake ( g ) , and the intake of fruit ( serves ) , vegetables ( serves ) , grain and cereals as total and wholegrain ( serves ) were collected using 7-day estimated dietary records . Descriptive statistics , paired t-tests and general linear models adjusted for baseline dietary intake , age and gender were used to examine the effectiveness of different nutrition interventions . RESULTS The TF group reported a significantly greater increase in fruit intake ( 0.3 serves/d P = 0.031 ) in comparison to GE and the C group . All three intervention groups showed a reduction in total saturated fat intake . GE also had a within-group increase in mean vegetable intake after 3 months , but this increase was not different from changes in the other groups . CONCLUSIONS In this study , printed , tailored , iterative dietary feedback was more effective than small group nutrition education in improving the short-term fruit intake behaviour , and as effective in improving saturated fat intake of middle-aged adults with cardiovascular risk factors . This showed that a low-level dietary intervention could achieve modest dietary behaviour changes that are of public health significance .
50337
Intervention_Educational
Tailored , iterative , printed dietary feedback
50338
Intervention_Educational
tailored , iterative , printed dietary feedback ( TF )
50339
Intervention_Educational
nutrition education sessions
50340
Intervention_Educational
dietary measures and socio-demographic questionnaires
50341
Intervention_Educational
TF
50342
Outcome_Mental
saturated fat intake ( g )
50343
Outcome_Mental
intake of fruit ( serves ) , vegetables ( serves ) , grain and cereals
50344
Outcome_Mental
total and wholegrain ( serves )
50345
Outcome_Mental
fruit intake
50346
Outcome_Mental
total saturated fat intake
50347
Outcome_Mental
mean vegetable intake
50348
Participant_Age
middle-aged adults
50349
Participant_Condition
cardiovascular risk factors
50350
Participant_Age
middle-aged adults
50351
Participant_Condition
cardiovascular risk factors
50352
Participant_Age
middle-aged adults
50353
Participant_Condition
cardiovascular risk factors