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document
Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade . In a prospective double-blind clinical study , single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery . Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups . Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine . Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3 , 1:1 or 3:1 by volume . Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups . Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated ( P less than 0.05 ) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min ( partial ) and 70 min ( complete ) for lidocaine , to 128 min ( partial ) and 101 min ( complete ) for bupivacaine . Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade , all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs , lidocaine ( 124 +/- 13 min ) and bupivacaine ( 286 +/- 32 min ) . Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine . Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Lidocaine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
epinephrine .
80309
Intervention_Pharmacological
0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl , 2 per cent lidocaine HCl , and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures
80310
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
80311
Intervention_Pharmacological
lidocaine
80312
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
80313
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
80314
Intervention_Pharmacological
lidocaine
80315
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
80316
Outcome_Mental
Onset and complete spread of
80317
Outcome_Physical
sensory blockade
80318
Outcome_Other
duration of action
80319
Outcome_Physical
Onset of complete motor blockade
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Outcome_Physical
degree of motor blockade
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Participant_Sample-size
60
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Participant_Condition
healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery