67067
document
Prior experience with a pain stimulus as a predictor of placebo analgesia . Placebo effects are important in pain reduction , but the effects are inconsistent . Prior experience with a pain stimulus may moderate placebo analgesia . The current study tests the effect of prior experience with a pain stimulus on placebo analgesia during a laboratory pain task . Healthy normotensive undergraduates ( 66 women , 68 men ) who either did or did not report prior experience with pain from submerging a limb in cold water were enrolled . In the laboratory , an experimenter applied an inert , medicinal-smelling cream to participants ' non-dominant hand . Participants randomized to the no-expectation group were told that the cream was a hand cleanser . Participants randomized to the placebo expectation group were told that the cream would reduce the pain associated with the cold pressor task . Participants then completed the cold pressor task and reported their pain on the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire . Analysis of variance revealed a main effect of expectation ( p < .05 ) , such that participants in the placebo expectation group reported less pain . An interaction was also found between expectation and prior experience ( p < .05 ) , such that participants with prior experience with pain from cold water immersion showed no difference in pain reports between expectation groups . In a pain context , prior experience with the pain stimulus may prevent a placebo expectation from reducing the experience of pain .
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Intervention_Control
Placebo
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Intervention_Pharmacological
medicinal-smelling cream
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Intervention_Pharmacological
cream was a hand cleanser
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Pharmacological
cream
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Intervention_Educational
cold pressor task
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Intervention_Educational
cold pressor task
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Outcome_Physical
analgesia
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Outcome_Pain
pain reduction
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Outcome_Pain
analgesia
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Outcome_Physical
placebo analgesia
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Outcome_Pain
pain
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Outcome_Pain
pain
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Outcome_Pain
pain
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Outcome_Mental
McGill Pain Questionnaire
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Outcome_Pain
less pain
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Outcome_Pain
with pain
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Outcome_Pain
difference in pain reports
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Outcome_Other
the experience of pain
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Participant_Condition
pain stimulus
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Participant_Age
undergraduates
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Participant_Sample-size
66
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Participant_Sex
women
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Participant_Sample-size
68
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Participant_Sex
men
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Participant_Condition
pain stimulus