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document
An evaluation of chemical arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the horse by using monoiodoacetate . The use of monoiodoacetate ( MIA ) for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint ( PIJ ) and the effect of exercise on the degree of fusion were investigated . Eight horses received 3 injections ( Weeks 0 , 3 , 6 ) of MIA ( 2 mL ; 60 mg/mL ) into the right or left front PIJ . Peri-operatively , the horses received phenylbutazone , butorphanol , and abaxial sesamoidean nerve blocks to relieve pain . During the study , the horses were monitored for general health , lameness , and swelling around the injection area . Radiographs were taken biweekly to evaluate bony fusion . Horses were randomly divided into non-exercised and exercised groups . Exercise consisted of 20 minutes of trotting on a treadmill ( 4 m/s ) , 3 days per week for 13 weeks . The horses were euthanized at 24 weeks . Slab sections of the PIJ were evaluated grossly and radiographically for bony fusion . Histologic examinations were performed to evaluate articular cartilage . Three horses were excluded from the study after developing soft tissue necrosis around the injection site , septic arthritis , and necrotic tendinitis . The remaining horses remained healthy , developed a grade 1 to 4 lameness with minimal to severe swelling in the PIJ region . All 5 horses showed radiographic evidence of bony fusion , however , no fusion was present when injected joints were examined on postmortem examination . Histologic examination revealed thinning of the cartilage , diffuse necrosis of chondrocytes , with the calcified zone intact . Subjectively , exercise did not influence the degree of cartilage destruction . Based on this study , chemical arthrodesis can not be advocated in clinical cases because of the high complication rate and lack of bony fusion .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
monoiodoacetate
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Intervention_Pharmacological
monoiodoacetate ( MIA )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
MIA
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Intervention_Pharmacological
phenylbutazone
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Intervention_Pharmacological
butorphanol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
abaxial sesamoidean
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Intervention_Physical
nerve blocks
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Intervention_Physical
Exercise
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Intervention_Pharmacological
chemical arthrodesis
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Outcome_Physical
bony fusion
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Outcome_Physical
thinning of the cartilage
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Outcome_Physical
diffuse necrosis of chondrocytes
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Outcome_Physical
degree of cartilage destruction
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Outcome_Adverse-effects
complication rate
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Outcome_Physical
bony fusion
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Participant_Condition
proximal interphalangeal joint in the horse
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Participant_Sample-size
Eight
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Participant_Condition
horses