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document
Efficient tetanus toxoid immunization on vitamin D supplementation . BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vitamin D mediates immunomodulatory functions , and its deficiency has been associated with an increased prevalence of immunological diseases . The supplementation of vitamin D might be therapeutically beneficial , for example , in lupus erythematosus patients . However , its affect on established recall immune responses is undefined . SUBJECTS/METHODS In all , 32 individuals were randomized in a placebo controlled , double-blind setting , and received vitamin D ( daily 2000 IU ) for 10 weeks followed by tetanus toxoid ( TT ) booster immunization . RESULTS During vitamin D supplementation the median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration increased to 80.3 nM , which as expected decreased in the placebo group to 29.1 nM during the ultraviolet-deprived winter months . The TT-specific immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) boost efficiency was marginal higher in the vitamin D group ( P = 0.04 ) . The increase of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlated with the increase of TT-IgG serum concentrations . The induction of specific serum IgA and specific antibody secreting cells was comparable between both groups . Accordingly , the TT-specific and polyclonally triggered T-cell cytokine profiles were stable as well . CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation was successful and booster immunization induced efficiently specific antibodies titers .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
tetanus toxoid immunization
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Intervention_Pharmacological
vitamin D
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Intervention_Pharmacological
vitamin D
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Pharmacological
vitamin D
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Intervention_Pharmacological
tetanus toxoid ( TT ) booster immunization .
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Outcome_Physical
vitamin D
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Outcome_Physical
median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration
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Outcome_Physical
TT-specific immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) boost efficiency
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Outcome_Physical
25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
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Outcome_Physical
TT-IgG serum concentrations .
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Outcome_Physical
serum IgA
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Outcome_Physical
TT-specific
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Outcome_Physical
polyclonally triggered T-cell cytokine profiles
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Participant_Condition
tetanus toxoid immunization
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Participant_Condition
vitamin D supplementation
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Participant_Sample-size
32