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The TOM test : a new instrument for assessing theory of mind in normal children and children with pervasive developmental disorders . This article describes a first attempt to investigate the reliability and validity of the TOM test , a new instrument for assessing theory of mind ability in normal children and children with pervasive developmental disorders ( PDDs ) . In Study 1 , TOM test scores of normal children ( n = 70 ) correlated positively with their performance on other theory of mind tasks . Furthermore , young children only succeeded on TOM items that tap the basic domains of theory of mind ( e.g. , emotion recognition ) , whereas older children also passed items that measure the more mature areas of theory of mind ( e.g. , understanding of humor , understanding of second-order beliefs ) . Taken together , the findings of Study 1 suggest that the TOM test is a valid measure . Study 2 showed for a separate sample of normal children ( n = 12 ) that the TOM test possesses sufficient test-retest stability . Study 3 demonstrated for a sample of children with PDDs ( n = 10 ) that the interrater reliability of the TOM test is good . Study 4 found that children with PDDs ( n = 20 ) had significantly lower TOM test scores than children with other psychiatric disorders ( e.g. , children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ; n = 32 ) , a finding that underlines the discriminant validity of the TOM test . Furthermore , Study 4 showed that intelligence as indexed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children was positively associated with TOM test scores . Finally , in all studies , the TOM test was found to be reliable in terms of internal consistency . Altogether , results indicate that the TOM test is a reliable and valid instrument that can be employed to measure various aspects of theory of mind .
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Intervention_Other
TOM test
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Outcome_Other
TOM test
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Outcome_Other
TOM test
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Outcome_Other
TOM test
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Outcome_Other
interrater reliability
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Outcome_Other
TOM test
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Outcome_Other
TOM test scores
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Outcome_Mental
intelligence
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Outcome_Other
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
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Outcome_Other
TOM test scores
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Outcome_Other
TOM test
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Participant_Condition
pervasive developmental disorders
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Participant_Condition
pervasive developmental disorders ( PDDs ) .
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Participant_Sample-size
70
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Participant_Age
young children
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Participant_Age
older children
360
Participant_Age
children
361
Participant_Sample-size
12
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Participant_Age
children
363
Participant_Condition
PDDs
364
Participant_Sample-size
10
365
Participant_Age
children
366
Participant_Condition
PDDs
367
Participant_Sample-size
20
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Participant_Age
children
369
Participant_Condition
psychiatric disorders
370
Participant_Age
children
371
Participant_Condition
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
372
Participant_Sample-size
32