3902
document
Transesophageal echocardiography in quantification of emboli during femoral nailing : reamed versus unreamed techniques . We quantified the embolic load to the lungs created with two different techniques of femoral nailing . Eleven patients with 12 traumatic femur fractures were randomized to reamed ( 7 fractures ) and unreamed ( 5 fractures ) groups . Intramedullary nailing was with the AO/ASIF* universal reamed or unreamed nail . Transesophageal echocardiography ( TEE ) was used to evaluate the quantity and quality of emboli generated by nailing . Data were analyzed using software that digitized the TEE images and quantified the area of embolic particles in each frame . The duration of each level of embolic phenomena ( zero , moderate , severe ) was used to determine total embolic load with various steps ( fracture manipulation , proximal portal opening , reaming , and nail passage ) . Manual grading of emboli correlated highly with software quantification . Our data confirm the presence and similarity of emboli generation with both methods of intramedullary nailing . Unreamed nails do not protect the patient from pulmonary embolization of marrow contents .
3903
Intervention_Physical
Transesophageal echocardiography
3904
Intervention_Surgical
reamed
3905
Intervention_Surgical
unreamed
3906
Intervention_Surgical
femoral nailing
3907
Intervention_Surgical
reamed
3908
Intervention_Surgical
unreamed
3909
Intervention_Surgical
reamed
3910
Intervention_Surgical
unreamed nail
3911
Intervention_Physical
Transesophageal echocardiography ( TEE
3912
Outcome_Physical
quantity and quality of emboli generated by nailing
3913
Outcome_Physical
emboli
3914
Outcome_Physical
emboli generation with both methods of intramedullary nailing
3915
Outcome_Physical
Unreamed nails