77318
document
Drug preference in normal volunteers : effects of age and time of day . These experiments assessed the influence of two variables , age of subjects and time of drug administration , on the reinforcing properties of amphetamine and of diazepam in normal volunteers . Three groups of subjects were tested : i ) a group of 40-55-year-old subjects ( AGE group ; N = 11 ) who were tested in the morning , ii ) a group of 21-35-year-old subjects ( CTL group ; N = 12 ) who were also tested in the morning , and iii ) a group of 21-35-year-olds who were tested in the late afternoon ( AFT group ; N = 13 ) . All subjects participated in three separate experiments comparing one drug ( 5 mg d , l-amphetamine , 5 mg diazepam or 10 mg diazepam ) to placebo . Each experiment consisted of nine sessions : On the first four sessions subjects sampled two color-coded capsules on alternate sessions and on the following five sessions they chose and ingested the capsule they preferred . Subjective effects of the drugs were monitored using the Profile of Mood States ( POMS ) and a shortened version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory ( ARCI ) . Subjects in all three groups chose 5 mg diazepam as often as placebo but preferred placebo to 10 mg diazepam . In contrast , they chose amphetamine either as often as or more often than placebo . The subjective effects of diazepam ( i.e . sedation ) were similar across all three groups , but after amphetamine the AGE group showed greater stimulant effects . In addition , the AFT group showed fewer positive mood effects after amphetamine than the CTL group . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
77319
Intervention_Pharmacological
amphetamine
77320
Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
77321
Intervention_Pharmacological
d , l-amphetamine
77322
Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
77323
Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
77324
Intervention_Control
placebo
77325
Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
77326
Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
77327
Intervention_Pharmacological
amphetamine
77328
Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
77329
Outcome_Mental
Profile of Mood States ( POMS )
77330
Outcome_Mental
shortened version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory ( ARCI ) .
77331
Participant_Age
a group of 40-55-year-old subjects
77332
Participant_Sample-size
N = 11
77333
Participant_Age
a group of 21-35-year-old subjects
77334
Participant_Sample-size
12
77335
Participant_Age
a group of 21-35-year-olds