51774
document
[ The equipotency of ropivacaine , bupivacaine and etidocaine ] . Ropivacaine , congenerate to bupivacaine and mepivacaine has been widely studied in laboratory animals , but there have been few investigations of its efficacy in human epidural anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks . The aim of this study was to compare the three long-acting local anesthetics ( bupivacaine 0.75 % , ropivacaine 1 % and etidocaine 1 % ) and to try , with reference to previous studies , to make some statement about the equipotency of ropivacaine relative to bupivacaine and etidocaine . METHODS . In a double blind randomized study , epidural anesthesia was carried out with 20 ml bupivacaine 0.75 % ( n = 24 ) and ropivacaine 1 % ( n = 21 ) . Following this study epidural anesthesia was carried out with 20 ml etidocaine 1 % ( n = 20 ) in an open study . Patients with ASA I or II were enrolled in the study . All patients were scheduled for varicose vein stripping . Male and female patients aged 18-70 years and weighing 50-100 kg were included in the study . Patients were all placed in a sitting position , after which the epidural space was identified by the " loss of resistance " technique and a midline approach , at the L-3/4 interspace . Injections of 3 ml of the local anesthetic were given , followed by the remainder of the local anesthetic at 10 ml/min 1 min later . Following injection patients were immediately positioned supine . Analgesia was determined by the pin-prick method and motor blockade was assessed according to the Bromage scale . Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored until 3 h after injection . RESULTS . The latency of analgesia for the first blocked segment ( T 12 for bupivacaine and ropivacaine and L-1 for etidocaine ) was 6.0 min for bupivacaine 0.75 , 5.5 min for ropivacaine 1 % , and 5.2 min for etidocaine 1 % , and the highest thoracic dermatome ( T 5 for bupivacaine , T 4 for ropivacaine and T 7 for etidocaine ) was reached after 24 +/- 10 , 26 +/- 9 , and 30 +/- 18 min for bupivacaine , ropivacaine , and etidocaine , respectively . The duration of sensory anesthesia at the T 10 dermatomal level was 257 +/- 102 , 278 +/- 67 , and 191 +/- 86 min for bupivacaine , ropivacaine , and etidocaine , respectively . The two-segment regression time was 199 +/- 80 min for bupivacaine , 201 +/- 52 min for ropivacaine , and 174 +/- 81 min for etidocaine . The total duration of sensory block was 340 +/- 103 min for bupivacaine , 428 +/- 65 min for ropivacaine and 223 +/- 62 min for etidocaine , respectively . In the ropivacaine and bupivacaine groups sensory anesthesia was considered adequate for surgery in all cases but one in each group ; in the etidocaine group , however 60 % of the patients showed inadequate analgesia and all these patients ( 12/20 ) required additional analgesics . Bupivacaine achieved an average of motor block 2.1 , ropivacaine 2.3 , and etidocaine 2.4 . CONCLUSION . The results of this study indicate that ropivacaine is an effective local anesthetic agent . Its potency is about equal to that of bupivacaine and much higher than that of etidocaine ...
51775
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51776
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51777
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51778
Intervention_Pharmacological
Ropivacaine
51779
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51780
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51781
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51782
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51783
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51784
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51785
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51786
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51787
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51788
Intervention_Pharmacological
Injections of 3 ml of the local anesthetic
51789
Intervention_Pharmacological
followed by the remainder of the local anesthetic at 10 ml/min 1 min later
51790
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51791
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51792
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51793
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51794
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51795
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51796
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51797
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51798
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51799
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51800
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51801
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51802
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51803
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51804
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51805
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51806
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51807
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51808
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51809
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51810
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51811
Intervention_Pharmacological
Bupivacaine
51812
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51813
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51814
Intervention_Pharmacological
ropivacaine
51815
Intervention_Pharmacological
bupivacaine
51816
Intervention_Pharmacological
etidocaine
51817
Outcome_Pain
pin-prick method
51818
Outcome_Physical
Bromage scale . Heart rate and blood pressure
51819
Outcome_Pain
latency of analgesia
51820
Outcome_Physical
duration of sensory anesthesia
51821
Outcome_Pain
two-segment regression time
51822
Outcome_Pain
total duration of sensory block
51823
Outcome_Pain
inadequate analgesia
51824
Participant_Condition
ASA I or II
51825
Participant_Sex
Male
51826
Participant_Sex
female
51827
Participant_Age
18-70