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document
Clinical evaluation of the speed and effectiveness of subgingival calculus removal on single-rooted teeth with diamond-coated ultrasonic tips . Several studies have found incomplete calculus removal during periodontal treatment with traditional hand curets , sonic , and ultrasonic instruments . This study evaluated the speed and effectiveness of subgingival calculus removal with new diamond-coated ultrasonic tips on single-rooted teeth . Single session subgingival scaling and root planing was performed on 80 teeth with 5 to 12 mm probing depths in 15 patients . Each patient provided groups of 4 teeth that were randomly treated with either hand curets ( HAND ) ; standard smooth ultrasonic tip ( US ) ; or fine grit ( FINDIAM ) or medium grit ( MEDDIAM ) diamond-coated ultrasonic tips . The time taken to reach the therapeutic endpoint of a clean , smooth root surface in a defined region on each tooth with each instrument by the 3 therapists with differing experience levels was recorded . The teeth were then atraumatically extracted , stored in a surfactant , photographed at 10X , and the percent of calculus present in the area of the pocket or on a comparable control surface calculated by histometric point counting . ANOVA and paired t tests showed that mean percent remaining calculus on treated versus control surfaces was HAND 4.6 +/- 5.3 versus 57.5 +/- 28.2 , US 4.7 +/- 6.4 versus 54.4 +/- 25.9 , FINDIAM 4.3 +/- 5.2 versus 37.5 +/- 22.1 , and MEDDIAM 3.4 +/- 4.2 versus 50.7 +/- 20.1 , respectively ( all P < 0.01 ) . The mean time in seconds to reach the clinical endpoint ranged from HAND 289 +/- 193 , US 194 +/- 67 , FINDIAM 167 +/- 71 , to MEDDIAM 147 +/- 92 . All powered instruments were significantly faster than HAND ( P < 0.05 ) , but did not differ from each other . On a 0 = " smooth " to 3 = " rough " scale , most often HAND resulted in " smooth " surfaces ( 10/20 ) , the powered tips of all types " slight " surface roughness ( 10/20 each ) , and US the most " moderate " roughness ( 7/20 ) . There were no differences in percent calculus remaining , surface roughness , or time spent among the 3 treating clinicians despite their varying experience levels . The results of this study showed that percent calculus remaining was < 5 % with all the instruments given time ad libitum on a given root surface . Root roughness was generally slightly greater with all 3 powered tips . All of the powered instruments took significantly less time than the HAND . Both DIAM tips took less time than US . Diamond-coated ultrasonic tips appeared to be much more efficient than HAND or US in removing calculus in moderate-deep probing depths on single-rooted teeth in vivo .
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Intervention_Physical
diamond-coated ultrasonic tips
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Intervention_Physical
subgingival calculus removal
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Intervention_Physical
new diamond-coated ultrasonic tips
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Intervention_Physical
hand curets ( HAND )
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Intervention_Physical
standard smooth ultrasonic tip ( US )
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Intervention_Physical
fine grit ( FINDIAM )
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Intervention_Physical
medium grit ( MEDDIAM ) diamond-coated ultrasonic tips
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Intervention_Physical
US
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Intervention_Physical
Diamond-coated ultrasonic tips
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Outcome_Physical
speed and effectiveness of subgingival calculus removal
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Outcome_Physical
calculus removal
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Outcome_Other
speed and effectiveness of subgingival calculus removal
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Outcome_Other
time taken to reach the therapeutic endpoint of a clean , smooth root surface in a defined region on each tooth
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Outcome_Physical
mean percent remaining calculus
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Outcome_Other
mean time in seconds to reach the clinical endpoint
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Outcome_Physical
" smooth " surfaces
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Outcome_Physical
" slight " surface roughness
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Outcome_Physical
" moderate " roughness
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Outcome_Physical
percent calculus remaining , surface roughness , or time spent among the 3 treating clinicians
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Outcome_Physical
percent calculus remaining
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Outcome_Physical
Root roughness
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Outcome_Other
time
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Outcome_Other
time
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Participant_Condition
80 teeth with 5 to 12 mm probing depths in 15 patients .