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document
Comparison of thiopentone/guaifenesin , ketamine/guaifenesin and ketamine/midazolam for the induction of horses to be anaesthetised with isoflurane . Forty-eight horses subjected to elective surgery were randomly assigned to three groups of 16 horses . After premedication with 0.1 mg/kg acepromazine intramuscularly and 0.6 mg/kg xylazine intravenously , anaesthesia was induced either with 2 g thiopentone in 500 ml of a 10 per cent guaifenesin solution , given intravenously at a dose of 1 ml/kg ( group TG ) , or with 100 mg/kg guaifenesin and 2.2 mg/kg ketamine given intravenously ( group KG ) , or with 0.06 mg/kg midazolam , and 2.2 mg/kg ketamine given intravenously ( group KM ) . Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane . The mean ( sd ) end tidal isoflurane concentration ( per cent ) needed to maintain a light surgical anaesthesia ( stage III , plane 2 ) was significantly lower in group KM ( 0.91 [ 0.03 ] ) than in groups TG ( 1.11 [ 0.03 ] ) and KG ( 1.14 [ 0.03 ] ) . The mean ( sd ) arterial pressure ( mmHg ) was significantly lower in group KG ( 67.4 [ 2.07 ] ) than in groups TC ( 75.6 [ 2.23 ] ) and KM ( 81.0 [ 2.16 ] ) . There were no significant differences in the logarithm of the heart rate , recovery time or quality of recovery between the three induction groups . However , pronounced ataxia was observed in the horses of group KM , especially after periods of anaesthesia lasting less than 75 minutes .
6948
Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopentone/guaifenesin , ketamine/guaifenesin and ketamine/midazolam
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Intervention_Pharmacological
acepromazine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
xylazine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopentone
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Intervention_Pharmacological
guaifenesin
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Intervention_Pharmacological
guaifenesin and 2.2 mg/kg ketamine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
midazolam
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Intervention_Pharmacological
ketamine
6956
Intervention_Pharmacological
isoflurane .
6957
Intervention_Pharmacological
isoflurane
6958
Outcome_Other
Anaesthesia
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Outcome_Other
mean ( sd ) end tidal isoflurane concentration ( per cent )
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Outcome_Other
light surgical anaesthesia
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Outcome_Physical
mean ( sd ) arterial pressure ( mmHg )
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Outcome_Physical
heart rate , recovery time or quality of recovery
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Outcome_Other
anaesthesia
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Participant_Condition
horses to be anaesthetised with isoflurane
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Participant_Sample-size
Forty-eight
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Participant_Condition
horses subjected to elective surgery