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The effects of prism adaptation on egocentric metric distance estimation . OBJECTIVE The present experiment evaluated whether training involving throwing transferred to metric distance estimation ( i.e. , describing in feet and inches the distance between oneself and targets ) . BACKGROUND In prior work , we found that metric estimation training negatively transferred to throwing . We explained our results in terms of cognitive intrusion . The present study tested that possibility by swapping our training and transfer tasks . METHOD During pretesting , participants verbally estimated the metric distances between themselves and targets , or they threw a beanbag to targets . During training , participants donned goggles that distorted their vision . While wearing the goggles , they threw a beanbag to targets . Half received feedback . During posttesting , participants removed the distorting goggles and completed the same task that they performed during pretesting . RESULTS The results indicated that the distorting goggles degraded throwing at the beginning of training , visual feedback improved throwing during training , the effects of training with feedback persisted into the throwing posttest , and the effects of training with feedback did not transfer to the verbal metric estimation posttest . CONCLUSION Training involving throwing was effective , but did not transfer to verbal metric distance estimation . This supports our argument that the negative transfer observed in our previous study stemmed from cognitive intrusion . APPLICATION The present experiment suggests that the creation of distance estimation training should begin with a careful analysis of the transfer task , and that distance estimation training programs should explicitly teach trainees that their training will not generalize to all distance estimation tasks .
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Intervention_Educational
verbally estimated the metric distances
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Intervention_Educational
threw a beanbag to targets
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Intervention_Educational
participants donned goggles
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Intervention_Educational
threw a beanbag to targets
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Intervention_Educational
goggles
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Outcome_Other
effects
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Outcome_Other
metric distance estimation .
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Outcome_Other
verbal metric estimation
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Outcome_Other
throwing
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Outcome_Other
effective
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Outcome_Other
verbal metric distance estimation .
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Participant_Condition
participants verbally estimated the metric distances between themselves and targets , or they threw a beanbag to targets
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Participant_Condition
trainees that their training