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Osteoporosis and gait and balance disturbances in older sarcopenic obese New Zealanders . UNLABELLED Bone , muscle , and fat may affect gait and balance in older adults . Osteoporosis was prevalent in low muscle mass participants and related to gait and balance deficits . Low muscle combined with high fat mass had more functional deficits and poorer bone health , which has implications for falls risk and fractures . INTRODUCTION Decreasing bone density and muscle mass and increasing fat mass may act synergistically to affect gait and balance in older adults . METHODS One hundred eighty-three older adults ( age 72.7 +/- 6 years , range 56-93 ; body mass index 28.2 +/- 4.9 , range 16.6-46.0 ) were recruited from a New Zealand falls prevention intervention trial . Total and appendicular skeletal muscle mass ( ASM ) , percent fat , and bone mineralization were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and used to characterize normal lean ( NL , n = 51 ) , sarcopenic ( SS , n = 18 ) , sarcopenic obese ( SO , n = 29 ) , and obese ( OO , n = 85 ) phenotypes . Functional performance was assessed using timed up and go , chair stand , single leg stand , and step test . Regression models were adjusted for age , sex , medications , and physical activity . RESULTS Femoral neck osteoporosis was present in 22 % SS , 17 % SO , 12 % NL , and 7 % OO . Femoral neck osteoporosis with low ASM predicted poor chair stand performance ( beta -3.3 , standard error 1.6 , p = 0.04 ) . SO scored lowest on the chair stand ( p = 0.03 ) and step test ( p = 0.03 ) . Higher ASM predicted faster timed up and go performance ( p = 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis was prevalent in low ASM groups ( SS and SO ) and related to gait and balance deficits , particularly in the SO . This has implications for falls risk , fractures , and interventions .
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Intervention_Other
Osteoporosis
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Intervention_Physical
dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
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Intervention_Other
step test
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Outcome_Physical
Total and appendicular skeletal muscle mass ( ASM )
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Outcome_Physical
percent fat
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Outcome_Physical
bone mineralization
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Outcome_Physical
Femoral neck osteoporosis
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Outcome_Physical
ASM
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Outcome_Physical
chair stand performance
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Outcome_Physical
Higher ASM
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Participant_Condition
Osteoporosis
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Participant_Sample-size
One hundred eighty-three older adults
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Participant_Condition
Total and appendicular skeletal muscle mass
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Participant_Condition
ASM