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Epinephrine-induced panic attacks and hyperventilation . To assess the effects of epinephrine on ventilation in patients with panic disorder and in social phobics , analyses were performed on pooled data from two previous infusion studies . Throughout the infusion , changes in transcutaneous PCO2 ( tcPCO2 ) , subjective anxiety , heart rate and blood pressure were recorded continuously . Twenty-nine patients received epinephrine , ten patients received placebo . Thirteen patients ( 45 % ) had a panic attack during epinephrine . The fall in tcPCO2 and the cardiovascular response was greater in panicking patients than patients who did not panic . Although the fall in tcPCO2 associated with panic was not substantial and did not indicate clinically significant acute hyperventilation , it appears to be a sensitive index for epinephrine-induced panic . The fall in tcPCO2 was predicted rather by the frequency of occurrence of anxiety-related somatic symptoms than by the fear of these symptoms . These findings further reduce a role for fear of bodily sensations in epinephrine-induced panic attacks and favor a biological sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
epinephrine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
epinephrine
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Intervention_Control
placebo .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
epinephrine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
epinephrine-induced
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Outcome_Physical
changes in transcutaneous PCO2 ( tcPCO2 )
319
Outcome_Mental
subjective anxiety
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Outcome_Physical
heart rate
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Outcome_Physical
blood pressure
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Outcome_Physical
fall in tcPCO2
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Outcome_Physical
the cardiovascular response
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Outcome_Physical
tcPCO2
325
Outcome_Physical
acute hyperventilation
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Outcome_Physical
fall in tcPCO2
327
Outcome_Mental
occurrence of anxiety-related somatic symptoms
328
Participant_Condition
panic disorder
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Participant_Condition
social phobics
330
Participant_Sample-size
Twenty-nine patients
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Participant_Sample-size
ten patients