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document
Plasma kinetics of zeaxanthin and 3'-dehydro-lutein after multiple oral doses of synthetic zeaxanthin . BACKGROUND Zeaxanthin is hypothesized to reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration ; however , kinetic information is limited . OBJECTIVES The objective was to investigate the plasma kinetics of synthetic zeaxanthin after repeated oral doses and to assess the possible influence of other carotenoids on plasma zeaxanthin concentrations . DESIGN After a run-in of 3 d , 20 healthy volunteers assigned to 2 parallel dose groups received once daily oral doses of either 1 mg ( 1.76 micro mol ) or 10 mg ( 17.6 micro mol ) zeaxanthin for 42 d. Plasma concentration-time profiles on days 1 and 42 , concentrations immediately before zeaxanthin intake during the dosing period , and concentrations after the last dose until day 76 were monitored . RESULTS all-E-Zeaxanthin concentrations increased from 0.048 +/- 0.026 micro mol/L at baseline to 0.20 +/- 0.07 and 0.92 +/- 0.28 micro mol/L with 1 and 10 mg zeaxanthin , respectively . The dose-normalized bioavailability of all-E-zeaxanthin after the10-mg dose was 40 % lower ( P < 0.001 ) than after the 1-mg dose . Other kinetic parameters did not differ significantly between groups . After 17 d of dosing , > 90 % of steady state concentrations were reached , which was compatible with an effective half-life for accumulation of 5 d. The terminal elimination half-life was 12 +/- 7 d ( n = 20 ) . The time course of plasma all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein concentrations resembled that of all-E-zeaxanthin . The data provided evidence that all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein was derived from all-E-zeaxanthin . Concentrations of other carotenoids were not affected . Zeaxanthin was well tolerated . CONCLUSION Long-term oral intake of 1 and 10 mg zeaxanthin as beadlets increases plasma zeaxanthin concentrations approximately 4- and 20-fold , respectively . Evidence that all-E-3-dehydro-lutein is formed from zeaxanthin was strong .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
synthetic zeaxanthin
16324
Intervention_Pharmacological
Zeaxanthin
16325
Intervention_Pharmacological
zeaxanthin
16326
Intervention_Pharmacological
zeaxanthin
16327
Intervention_Pharmacological
zeaxanthin
16328
Intervention_Pharmacological
all-E-Zeaxanthin
16329
Intervention_Pharmacological
all-E-zeaxanthin
16330
Intervention_Pharmacological
Zeaxanthin
16331
Intervention_Pharmacological
zeaxanthin
16332
Intervention_Pharmacological
zeaxanthin
16333
Outcome_Physical
plasma kinetics of synthetic zeaxanthin
16334
Outcome_Physical
plasma zeaxanthin concentrations
16335
Outcome_Physical
Plasma concentration-time profiles
16336
Outcome_Physical
all-E-Zeaxanthin concentrations
16337
Outcome_Physical
dose-normalized bioavailability of all-E-zeaxanthin
16338
Outcome_Physical
kinetic parameters
16339
Outcome_Physical
concentrations
16340
Outcome_Physical
terminal elimination half-life
16341
Outcome_Physical
time course of plasma all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein concentrations
16342
Outcome_Physical
all-E-3-'dehydro-lutein
16343
Outcome_Physical
all-E-zeaxanthin
16344
Outcome_Physical
Concentrations of other carotenoids
16345
Outcome_Physical
plasma zeaxanthin concentrations
16346
Outcome_Physical
all-E-3-dehydro-lutein
16347
Participant_Condition
macular degeneration
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Participant_Sample-size
20
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Participant_Condition
healthy