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document
Effects of hydraulic circuit training on cardiovascular function . The effect of hydraulic circuit training ( HCT ) on cardiovascular ( CV ) function was assessed in 32 healthy middle-aged males ( X age = 42.2 +/- 2.1 yr ) . Maximal aerobic power ( VO2max ) , with simultaneous measurement of stroke volume ( SV ) and cardiac output ( CO ) , by impedance cardiography , was assessed pre- and post-training . Subjects were randomly assigned to a nonexercising control group , a cycle training group ( cycle ) , or one of the two HCT groups . Training groups participated in a 9 wk program , 3 d.wk-1 . Subjects assigned to HCT exercised on a 9 station circuit , completing 3 circuits.d-1 . Each circuit consisted of three 20 s work intervals at each station with a 1:1 work : rest ratio . One HCT group ( HCTmax ) completed the maximal repetitions possible ( RM ) during each work interval . The other HCT group ( HCTsub ) exercised at 70-85 % of RM . Following training VO2max ( ml.kg-1 min-1 ) was significantly increased in all training groups ( 18.0 , 12.5 , and 11.3 % for cycle , HCTsub , and HCTmax groups , respectively ; P less than 0.05 ) . The increase in VO2max observed in the cycle group was significantly greater than that recorded by the two HCT groups ( P less than 0.05 ) . For all three training groups , the increase in VO2max was associated with increases in SVmax and COmax ( P less than 0.05 for both ) . These findings suggest that both maximal and submaximal HCT programs can elicit improvements in cardiovascular fitness .
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Intervention_Control
nonexercising control group , a cycle training group ( cycle ) , or one of the two HCT groups
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Intervention_Educational
Training groups participated in a 9 wk program , 3 d.wk-1
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Intervention_Physical
Subjects assigned to HCT exercised on a 9 station circuit , completing 3 circuits.d-1
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Outcome_Physical
cardiovascular ( CV ) function
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Outcome_Physical
Maximal aerobic power ( VO2max )
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Outcome_Physical
simultaneous measurement of stroke volume ( SV )
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Outcome_Physical
cardiac output ( CO )
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Outcome_Other
impedance cardiography
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Outcome_Physical
VO2max
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Outcome_Physical
HCTmax groups
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Outcome_Physical
VO2max
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Outcome_Physical
VO2max
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Outcome_Physical
SVmax
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Outcome_Physical
COmax
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Outcome_Physical
cardiovascular fitness
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Participant_Condition
cardiovascular function
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Participant_Sample-size
32
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Participant_Sex
males
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Participant_Age
42.2 +/- 2.1 yr