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document
Phase II study of the effects of ginger root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer . Inhibitors of COX indicate that upregulation of inflammatory eicosanoids produced by COX , and in particular prostaglandin E ( 2 ) ( PGE ( 2 ) ) , are early events in the development of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) . Ginger has shown downregulation of COX in vitro and decreased incidence/multiplicity of adenomas in rats . This study was conducted to determine if 2.0 g/d of ginger could decrease the levels of PGE ( 2 ) , 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids , and 5- , 12- , and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ( 5- , 12- , and 15-HETE ) , in the colon mucosa of healthy volunteers . To investigate this aim , we randomized 30 subjects to 2.0 g/d ginger or placebo for 28 days . Flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and day 28 was used to obtain colon biopsies . A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies , and levels were expressed per protein or per free arachidonic acid . There were no significant differences in mean percent change between baseline and day 28 for any of the eicosanoids , when normalized to protein . There was a significant decrease in mean percent change in PGE ( 2 ) ( P = 0.05 ) and 5-HETE ( P = 0.04 ) , and a trend toward significant decreases in 12-HETE ( P = 0.09 ) and 15-HETE ( P = 0.06 ) normalized to free arachidonic acid . There was no difference between the groups in terms of total adverse events P = 0.55 ) . On the basis of these results , it seems that ginger has the potential to decrease eicosanoid levels , perhaps by inhibiting their synthesis from arachidonic acid . Ginger also seemed to be tolerable and safe . Further investigation in people at high risk for CRC seems warranted .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
ginger root extract
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Intervention_Pharmacological
ginger
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Intervention_Pharmacological
2.0 g/d ginger or
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Physical
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
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Intervention_Physical
liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Ginger
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Outcome_Physical
PGE ( 2 ) , 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids , and 5- , 12- , and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ( 5- , 12- , and 15-HETE )
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Outcome_Physical
Flexible sigmoidoscopy
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Outcome_Physical
eicosanoid levels
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Outcome_Physical
mean percent change
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Outcome_Physical
eicosanoids
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Outcome_Physical
mean percent change in PGE ( 2 )
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Outcome_Physical
free arachidonic acid .
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Outcome_Adverse-effects
total adverse events
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Outcome_Other
tolerable and safe .
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Participant_Condition
normal risk for colorectal cancer
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Participant_Condition
healthy
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Participant_Sample-size
30