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Insular and anterior cingulate circuits in smokers with schizophrenia . Schizophrenia ( SZ ) is associated with high rates of smoking . We previously found that resting state functional connectivity ( rsFC ) between the dorsal anterior cingulate ( dACC ) and striatum is independently associated with nicotine addiction and psychiatric illness . Since the insula is implicated in nicotine dependence , we hypothesized that SZ smokers will have greater dysfunction in smoking-related insular and dACC circuits than normal control smokers ( NC ) independent of smoking severity , consistent with an inherent disease-related weakening of smoking-related circuits . Nicotine challenge was used to demonstrate that decreased rsFC in identified circuits reflects addiction trait and is not affected by pharmacological state . Twenty-four NC smokers and 20 smokers with SZ matched on nicotine addiction severity participated in a resting state fMRI study and were scanned during two separate sessions while receiving a placebo or nicotine patch , in a randomized , cross-over design . Using individualized , anatomically defined anterior and posterior insula and dACC as regions of interest ( ROI ) , whole brain rsFC was performed using each ROI as a seed . Significant negative correlations between smoking severity and rsFC between insula , dACC and striatum were found for both groups . Furthermore , smokers with SZ demonstrated additive reductions in circuit strength between the dACC and insula compared to NC smokers independent of smoking severity . Nicotine challenge did not significantly alter rsFC in insula-dACC-striatal circuits . Reduced rsFC strength between the insula , dACC and striatum is associated with nicotine addiction severity in both non-psychiatrically ill and in SZ smokers . Decreased insula-dACC rsFC may index overlapping circuitry associated with smoking and SZ .
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Intervention_Physical
resting state fMRI study and were scanned during two separate sessions while receiving a
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Physical
or
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Intervention_Pharmacological
nicotine patch ,
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Intervention_Physical
in a randomized , cross-over design
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Outcome_Mental
smoking severity
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Outcome_Physical
rsFC between insula
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Outcome_Other
Nicotine challenge
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Outcome_Physical
alter rsFC in insula-dACC-striatal circuits .
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Outcome_Physical
rsFC strength
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Participant_Condition
schizophrenia
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Participant_Condition
Schizophrenia
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Participant_Condition
SZ
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Participant_Condition
normal control smokers
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Participant_Sample-size
Twenty-four
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Participant_Condition
NC
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Participant_Sample-size
20
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Participant_Condition
SZ
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Participant_Condition
SZ