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document
Carbon dioxide versus normal saline as a uterine distension medium for diagnostic vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in infertile patients : a prospective , randomized , multicenter study . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the satisfaction rate , efficacy , and complication rate of carbon dioxide ( CO ( 2 ) ) versus normal saline as a uterine distension medium for outpatient diagnostic vaginoscopic hysteroscopy in infertile patients . DESIGN Prospective , randomized multicenter study . SETTING Hysteroscopy units in two university hospitals and in a private center . PATIENT ( S ) One hundred eighty-nine infertile women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy . INTERVENTION ( S ) Outpatient hysteroscopy was performed with CO ( 2 ) ( group A ) or normal saline ( group B ) and with endometrial biopsy when indicated . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) Quality of the visualization of the uterine cavity , procedure time , complications , patient discomfort , and satisfaction rate . RESULT ( S ) Significantly lower abdominal and shoulder tip pain and a lower incidence of vasovagal reactions were observed in group B in comparison with group A . A higher satisfaction rate and a lower operative time were obtained in the normal saline group in comparison with the CO ( 2 ) group . Moreover , group A required significantly more analgesics after the procedure than group B . CONCLUSION ( S ) Uterine distension with normal saline seems to have less adverse effects and is better tolerated by patients . Moreover , it allows operative procedures to be performed with the new bipolar instruments .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Carbon dioxide
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Intervention_Control
normal saline
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Intervention_Pharmacological
carbon dioxide ( CO ( 2 ) )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
normal saline
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Intervention_Pharmacological
CO ( 2 ) ( group A )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
normal saline ( group B )
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Intervention_Surgical
endometrial biopsy
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Intervention_Pharmacological
CO ( 2 )
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Outcome_Other
satisfaction rate
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Outcome_Other
efficacy
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Outcome_Adverse-effects
complication rate
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Outcome_Other
Quality of the visualization of the uterine cavity
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Outcome_Other
procedure time
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Outcome_Adverse-effects
complications
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Outcome_Other
patient discomfort
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Outcome_Other
satisfaction rate
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Outcome_Pain
abdominal and shoulder tip pain
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Outcome_Physical
vasovagal reactions
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Outcome_Other
higher satisfaction rate
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Outcome_Other
lower operative time
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Participant_Condition
infertile
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Participant_Sample-size
One hundred eighty-nine
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Participant_Condition
infertile
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Participant_Sex
women