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document
Neurophysiological responses to faces and gaze direction differentiate children with ASD , ADHD and ASD+ADHD . Children with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) demonstrate face processing abnormalities that may underlie social impairment . Despite substantial overlap between ASD and ADHD , ERP markers of face and gaze processing have not been directly compared across pure and comorbid cases . Children with ASD ( n=19 ) , ADHD ( n=18 ) , comorbid ASD+ADHD ( n=29 ) and typically developing ( TD ) controls ( n=26 ) were presented with upright/inverted faces with direct/averted gaze , with concurrent recording of the P1 and N170 components . While the N170 was predominant in the right hemisphere in TD and ADHD , children with ASD ( ASD/ASD+ADHD ) showed a bilateral distribution . In addition , children with ASD demonstrated altered response to gaze direction on P1 latency and no sensitivity to gaze direction on midline-N170 amplitude compared to TD and ADHD . In contrast , children with ADHD ( ADHD/ASD+ADHD ) exhibited a reduced face inversion effect on P1 latency compared to TD and ASD . These findings suggest children with ASD have specific abnormalities in gaze processing and altered neural specialisation , whereas children with ADHD show abnormalities at early visual attention stages . Children with ASD+ADHD are an additive co-occurrence with deficits of both disorders . Elucidating the neural basis of the overlap between ASD and ADHD is likely to inform aetiological investigation and clinical assessment .
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Intervention_Psychological
upright/inverted faces with direct/averted gaze
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Outcome_Mental
Neurophysiological responses to faces and gaze direction
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Outcome_Mental
face processing abnormalities
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Outcome_Mental
ERP markers of face and gaze processing
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Outcome_Mental
response to gaze direction
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Outcome_Mental
sensitivity to gaze direction
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Outcome_Mental
face inversion effect
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Outcome_Mental
abnormalities in gaze processing and altered neural specialisation
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Outcome_Mental
abnormalities
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Participant_Condition
children with ASD