32876
document
A study on the effect of the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection on bruising and pain . AIM This study was carried out to determine the effect of injection duration on bruising and pain following the administration of the subcutaneous injection of heparin . BACKGROUND Although different methods to prevent bruising and pain following the subcutaneous injection of heparin have been widely studied and described , the effect of injection duration on the occurrence of bruising and pain is little documented . DESIGN This study was designed as within-subject , quasi-experimental research . METHOD The sample for the study consisted of 50 patients to whom subcutaneous heparin was administered . Heparin was injected over 10 seconds on the right abdominal site and 30 seconds on the left abdominal site . Injections areas were assessed for the presence of bruising at 48 and 72 hours after each injection . Dimensions of the bruising on the heparin applied areas were measured using transparent millimetric measuring paper . The visual analog scale ( VAS ) was used to measure pain intensity and a stop-watch was used to time the pain period . Data were analysed using chi-square test , Mann-Whitney U , Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and correlation . RESULTS The percentage of bruising occurrence was 64 % with the injection of 10 seconds duration and 42 % in the 30-second injection . It was determined that the size of the bruising was smaller in the 30-second injection . Pain intensity and pain period were statistically significantly lower for the 30-second injection than for the 10-second injection . CONCLUSIONS It was determined that injection duration had an effect on bruising and pain following the subcutaneous administration of heparin . This study should be repeated on a larger sample . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE When administering subcutaneous heparin injections , it is important to extend the duration of the injection .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
subcutaneous heparin injection
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Intervention_Pharmacological
heparin
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Intervention_Pharmacological
heparin
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Intervention_Pharmacological
heparin
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Heparin
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Intervention_Pharmacological
heparin
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Intervention_Pharmacological
heparin
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Outcome_Physical
bruising
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Outcome_Other
visual analog scale ( VAS )
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Outcome_Physical
percentage of bruising occurrence
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Outcome_Physical
size of the bruising
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Outcome_Pain
Pain intensity and pain period
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Participant_Condition
bruising and pain
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Participant_Sample-size
50
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Participant_Condition
subcutaneous heparin was administered