60089
document
Long-term effects of choline on productive performance and egg quality of brown-egg laying hens . A total of five hundred forty 19-wk-old HyLine Brown hens were used to study the long-term effects of increasing choline with 0 ( control ) , 425 , 850 , 1,700 , 3,400 , and 6,800 mg/kg of corn-soybean meal-based diets on productive performance and egg quality . Phase 1 was from 19 to 58 wk , and phase 2 was from 59 to 68 wk . During the whole experimental period , dietary choline had no significant effects on feed intake , egg weight , and egg mass ( P > 0.05 ) . During phase 1 , egg production decreased linearly ( P < 0.05 ) and feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) tended to increase linearly ( P = 0.057 ) with increasing choline level in the diet . Moreover , BW decreased both linearly ( P < 0.01 ) and quadratically ( P < 0.05 ) as choline increased from 0 to 6,800 mg/kg . No significant treatment effects were found for shell thickness and shell strength of eggs ( P > 0.05 ) . However , albumen height and Haugh units increased linearly ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 , respectively ) as choline increased during phase 2 . Compared with the control group , diets supplemented with 425 or 850 mg of choline/kg significantly ( P < 0.01 ) improved yolk color during phase 1 . This study indicates that a dietary choline level of no more than 700 mg/kg is sufficient to maintain egg production . The effect of choline on egg quality was minimal when hens were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet from 19 to 68 wk of age .
60090
Intervention_Pharmacological
choline
60091
Intervention_Pharmacological
choline with 0 ( control ) , 425 , 850 , 1,700 , 3,400
60092
Intervention_Pharmacological
6,800 mg/kg of corn-soybean meal-based diets
60093
Intervention_Pharmacological
corn-soybean meal-based diet
60094
Outcome_Mental
productive performance and egg quality
60095
Outcome_Mental
productive performance and egg quality
60096
Outcome_Mental
feed intake , egg weight , and egg mass
60097
Outcome_Mental
egg production
60098
Outcome_Mental
feed conversion ratio ( FCR )
60099
Outcome_Mental
BW
60100
Outcome_Mental
shell thickness and shell strength
60101
Outcome_Mental
albumen height and Haugh units
60102
Outcome_Mental
yolk color
60103
Outcome_Mental
egg quality
60104
Participant_Sample-size
five hundred forty
60105
Participant_Age
19-wk-old