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document
Vinegar intake enhances flow-mediated vasodilatation via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity . This study examined the effect of acetate on endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) by immunoblotting assay and the ability of acetic acid to upregulate flow-mediated vasodilatation in humans . In HUVECs , acetate induced a biphasic increase in the phosphorylated form of eNOS . The amount of phosphorylated eNOS was significantly increased by exposure to 200 mumol/l acetate for 20 min ( early phase ) and for 4 h ( late phase ) . The inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase ( PKA ) and AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) blocked acetate-induced eNOS phosphorylation in the early and the late phase respectively . Furthermore , in postmenopausal women , maximum forearm blood flow ( FBF ) in response to shear stress increased in the vinegar ( acetic acid ) administered group compared to the placebo group . These results suggest that acetic acid-induced eNOS phosphorylation contributes to upregulation of flow-mediated vasodilatation in humans .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Vinegar
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Intervention_Pharmacological
acetate
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Intervention_Pharmacological
200 mumol/l acetate for 20 min ( early phase ) and for 4 h ( late phase )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
( acetic acid )
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Outcome_Physical
maximum forearm blood flow ( FBF )
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Participant_Condition
flow-mediated vasodilatation
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Participant_Condition
flow-mediated vasodilatation in humans .
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Participant_Sex
women