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Comparison of non-invasive methods for the assessment of haemodynamic drug effects in healthy male and female volunteers : sex differences in cardiovascular responsiveness . 1 . The study was performed to determine the sensitivity and short-term and day-to-day variability of a novel technique based on laser interferometry of ocular fundus pulsations and of non-invasive methods for the quantification of haemodynamic drug effects . An additional aim was to assess sex differences in haemodynamic responsiveness to cardiovascular drugs in male and female healthy volunteers . 2 . Ten males and nine females ( age range 20-33 years ) were studied in a double-blind , randomized , cross-over trial . Simultaneous measurements from systemic haemodynamics , laser interferometry of ocular fundus pulsations , systolic time intervals from mechanocardiography , a/b ratio from oxymetric fingerplethysmography and Doppler sonography of the radial artery were used to describe the haemodynamic effects of cumulative , stepwise increasing intravenous doses of phenylephrine , isoprenaline , sodium nitroprusside and of placebo . 3 . Laser interferometry detected the isoprenaline-effects at the lowest dose level of 0.1 micrograms min-1 with a high signal-to-noise ratio . The reproducibility of measurements under baseline was high , no changes were observed after systemically effective doses of phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside . Systolic time intervals were sensitive and specific for isoprenaline-induced effects , PEP and QS2c-measurements had high reproducibility . Fingerplethysmography proved a sensitive measurement for the detection of the vasodilating effects of sodium nitroprusside , but was not specific , and showed low reproducibility . Measurements from Doppler sonography had lower reproducibility and sensitivity compared with the other applied methods . 4 . There was a significant sex difference for several of the haemodynamic parameters under baseline conditions ; however , the responsiveness to the drugs under study was not different , when drug effects were expressed as % -change from the baseline . 5 . Laser interferometry is a valuable non-invasive , highly sensitive and specific approach for the detection of pulse pressure changes . A battery of non-invasive tests appears useful for the characterization of cardiovascular drugs . Gender differences may not pose a relevant problem for the study of acute haemodynamic effects of cardiovascular drugs .
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Intervention_Other
non-invasive methods
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Intervention_Physical
haemodynamic
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Intervention_Physical
laser interferometry of ocular fundus pulsations
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Intervention_Physical
non-invasive methods
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Intervention_Physical
haemodynamics
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Intervention_Physical
laser interferometry of ocular fundus pulsations
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Intervention_Physical
mechanocardiography
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Intervention_Physical
oxymetric fingerplethysmography
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Intervention_Physical
Doppler sonography
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Intervention_Pharmacological
intravenous doses of phenylephrine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
isoprenaline
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Intervention_Pharmacological
sodium nitroprusside
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Physical
Laser interferometry
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Outcome_Other
systemic haemodynamics , laser interferometry of ocular fundus pulsations , systolic time intervals from mechanocardiography , a/b ratio from oxymetric fingerplethysmography and Doppler sonography of the radial artery
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Outcome_Other
reproducibility and sensitivity
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Participant_Sample-size
Ten
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Participant_Sex
males
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Participant_Sample-size
nine
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Participant_Sex
females