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document
LDL cholesterol-raising effect of low-dose docosahexaenoic acid in middle-aged men and women . BACKGROUND Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have variable effects on LDL cholesterol , and the effects of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) are uncertain . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the effect on blood lipids of a daily intake of 0.7 g DHA as triacylglycerol in middle-aged men and women . DESIGN Men and women aged 40-65 y ( n = 38 ) underwent a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover trial of treatment with 0.7 g DHA/d for 3 mo . RESULTS DHA supplementation increased the DHA concentration in plasma by 76 % ( P < 0.0001 ) and the proportion in erythrocyte lipids by 58 % ( P < 0.0001 ) . Values for serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , and plasma apolipoprotein B concentrations were 4.2 % ( 0.22 mmol/L ; P = 0.04 ) , 7.1 % ( 0.23 mmol/L ; P = 0.004 ) , and 3.4 % ( P = 0.03 ) higher , respectively , with DHA treatment than with placebo . In addition , the LDL cholesterol : apolipoprotein B ratio was 3.1 % higher with DHA treatment than with placebo ( P = 0.04 ) , which suggested an increase in LDL size . Plasma lathosterol and plant sterol concentrations were unaffected by treatment . CONCLUSION A daily intake of approximately 0.7 g DHA increases LDL cholesterol by 7 % in middle-aged men and women . It is suggested that DHA down-regulates the expression of the LDL receptor .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
docosahexaenoic acid
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Intervention_Pharmacological
docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
DHA
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Intervention_Control
placebo-controlled
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Intervention_Pharmacological
DHA/d
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Intervention_Pharmacological
DHA
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Pharmacological
DHA
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Intervention_Pharmacological
DHA
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Outcome_Physical
effect on blood lipids
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Outcome_Physical
DHA concentration in plasma
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Outcome_Physical
proportion in erythrocyte lipids
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Outcome_Physical
serum total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , and plasma apolipoprotein B concentrations
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Outcome_Physical
LDL cholesterol : apolipoprotein B ratio
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Outcome_Physical
increase in LDL size
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Outcome_Physical
Plasma lathosterol and plant sterol concentrations
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Outcome_Physical
increases LDL cholesterol
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Participant_Sex
men
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Participant_Sex
women
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Participant_Age
40-65 y