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Analgesic efficacy of caudal block versus diclofenac suppository and local anesthetic infiltration following pediatric laparoscopy . AIM To compare the analgesic efficacy of caudal block with diclofenac suppository and local anesthetic infiltration in children undergoing laparoscopy . METHODS We studied 50 children undergoing laparoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes . Their ages ranged from 3 to 13 years , and all belonged to American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) class I or II . Anesthesia was carried out using the standard procedure . Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups . Group 1 received caudal block with bupivacaine 1 mL/kg after anesthetic induction . Group 2 received diclofenac suppository 3 mg/kg postinduction and local anesthetic infiltration at the port sites at the end of the procedure . Pain was assessed using the Hannallah objective pain scale at 15 , 30 , 60 , 120 , and 360 minutes postextubation . RESULTS The pain scores were comparable in both groups at all times . Twelve percent of caudal block patients and 20 % of diclofenac patients needed rescue analgesic , a statistically insignificant difference . In 2 patients , caudal block was technically difficult and they were excluded from the study . The incidence of side effects was low in our study . CONCLUSION We find the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac suppository combined with local anesthetic infiltration at port sites comparable to caudal block . Given the necessarily invasive nature of caudal block , we suggest the combined use of diclofenac suppository with local anesthetic infiltration at port sites as a useful and more economical alternative for analgesia following pediatric laparoscopy .
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Intervention_Physical
caudal block
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diclofenac suppository
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Intervention_Pharmacological
caudal block
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diclofenac suppository
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Intervention_Pharmacological
local anesthetic infiltration
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Anesthesia
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Intervention_Pharmacological
caudal block with bupivacaine 1 mL/kg after anesthetic induction
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diclofenac suppository 3 mg/kg postinduction and local anesthetic infiltration at the port sites
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diclofenac suppository
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Intervention_Pharmacological
anesthetic infiltration
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diclofenac suppository
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Intervention_Pharmacological
anesthetic infiltration
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Outcome_Other
Analgesic efficacy
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Outcome_Physical
analgesic
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Outcome_Pain
Pain was assessed
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Outcome_Pain
Hannallah objective pain scale
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Outcome_Pain
pain scores
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Outcome_Other
rescue analgesic
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Outcome_Physical
analgesic