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document
Prediction of metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses to maximum cycle ergometry : a randomised study . All of the most widely-cited studies for the prediction of maximum exercise responses have utilized either volunteers or referred subjects . Therefore , selection bias , with overestimation of the reference values , is a likely consequence . In order to establish a set of predictive equations for the gas exchange , ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to maximum ramp-incremental cycle ergometry , this study prospectively evaluated 120 sedentary individuals ( 60 males , 60 females , aged 20-80 ) , randomly-selected from > 8,000 subjects . Regular physical activity pattern by questionnaire , body composition by anthropometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( n = 75 ) and knee strength by isokinetic dynamometry were also assessed . Previously reported equations typically overestimated the subjects ' peak oxygen uptake ( p < 0.05 ) . Prediction linear equations for the main variables of clinical interest were established by backward stepwise regression analysis including : sex , age , knee extensor peak torque , bone-free lean leg mass , total and lean body mass , height , and physical activity scores . Reference intervals ( 95 % confidence limits ) were calculated : some of these values differed markedly from those formerly recommended . The results therefore might provide a more appropriate frame of reference for interpretation of the responses to symptom-limited ramp incremental cycle ergometry in sedentary subjects ; i.e . those usually referred for clinical cardiopulmonary exercise tests .
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Intervention_Physical
maximum cycle ergometry
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Intervention_Physical
maximum ramp-incremental cycle ergometry
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Intervention_Physical
dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
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Intervention_Physical
ramp incremental cycle ergometry
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Outcome_Physical
maximum exercise responses
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Outcome_Physical
gas exchange , ventilatory and cardiovascular responses
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Outcome_Physical
physical activity pattern by questionnaire , body composition by anthropometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( n = 75 ) and knee strength by isokinetic dynamometry
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Outcome_Physical
peak oxygen uptake
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Outcome_Physical
Reference intervals
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Outcome_Physical
responses to symptom-limited ramp incremental cycle ergometry
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Participant_Condition
either volunteers or referred subjects
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Participant_Sample-size
120
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Participant_Condition
sedentary individuals
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Participant_Sample-size
60
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Participant_Sex
males
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Participant_Sample-size
60
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Participant_Sex
females
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Participant_Age
aged 20-80
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Participant_Condition
randomly-selected from > 8,000 subjects