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document
Do colonic short-chain fatty acids contribute to the long-term adaptation of blood lipids in subjects with type 2 diabetes consuming a high-fiber diet ? BACKGROUND We recently obtained evidence of long-term adaptation of blood lipids to changes in intakes of carbohydrate and fiber in subjects with type 2 diabetes . OBJECTIVE We determined the effect of increased carbohydrate and fiber intakes on serum short-chain fatty acids ( SCFAs ) and the relation between changes in serum acetate and changes in blood lipids . DESIGN Subjects with type 2 diabetes ( n = 62 ) were randomly assigned to receive approximately 10 % of energy from low-fiber breakfast cereal ( LF diet ) , high-fiber breakfast cereal ( HF diet ) , or monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFA diet ) for 6 mo . RESULTS Carbohydrate intakes were higher in the LF and HF groups than in the MUFA group ( 54 % compared with 43 % ) , and more fiber was consumed by the HF group ( approximately 50 g/d ) than by the LF or MUFA group ( approximately 23 g/d ) . Fasting serum SCFAs did not change significantly over the first 3 mo . Between 3 and 6 mo , serum acetate tended ( NS ) to decrease in the LF group ( from 69 +/- 4 to 59 +/- 5 micromol/L ) and increase in the HF group ( from 100 +/- 18 to 107 +/- 17 micromol/L ) , with no significant change in the MUFA group . Serum butyrate did not change significantly in the LF or MUFA group but increased in the HF group ( from 2.5 +/- 0.5 to 3.1 +/- 0.6 micromol/L ; P < 0.001 ) . Changes in serum acetate from 0 to 3 mo were not related to changes in lipids . However , changes in serum acetate from 3 to 6 mo were positively related to changes in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol ( P = 0.041 ) and in fasting ( P = 0.013 ) and postprandial ( P = 0.016 ) triacylglycerols . CONCLUSIONS In subjects with type 2 diabetes , changes in serum SCFAs in response to changes in carbohydrate and fiber intakes took many months to occur , and the changes in serum acetate were significantly related to the long-term adaptive changes in blood lipids .
9195
Intervention_Pharmacological
high-fiber diet
9196
Intervention_Pharmacological
carbohydrate and fiber
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Intervention_Pharmacological
increased carbohydrate and fiber intakes
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Intervention_Pharmacological
energy from low-fiber breakfast cereal ( LF diet )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
high-fiber breakfast cereal ( HF diet )
9200
Intervention_Pharmacological
monounsaturated fatty acids ( MUFA diet )
9201
Outcome_Physical
long-term adaptation of blood lipids
9202
Outcome_Physical
long-term adaptation of blood lipids
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Outcome_Physical
serum short-chain fatty acids ( SCFAs )
9204
Outcome_Physical
relation between changes in serum acetate and changes in blood lipids
9205
Outcome_Physical
Carbohydrate intakes
9206
Outcome_Physical
Fasting serum SCFAs
9207
Outcome_Physical
serum acetate
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Outcome_Physical
Serum butyrate
9209
Outcome_Physical
Changes in serum acetate
9210
Outcome_Physical
changes in lipids
9211
Outcome_Physical
changes in serum acetate
9212
Outcome_Physical
changes in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol
9213
Outcome_Physical
postprandial
9214
Outcome_Physical
triacylglycerols
9215
Outcome_Physical
serum SCFAs
9216
Outcome_Physical
carbohydrate and fiber intakes
9217
Outcome_Physical
serum acetate
9218
Outcome_Physical
long-term adaptive changes in blood lipids
9219
Participant_Condition
type 2 diabetes
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Participant_Condition
type 2 diabetes
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Participant_Condition
type 2 diabetes
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Participant_Sample-size
62
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Participant_Condition
type 2 diabetes