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Prevention of type 2 ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise . The 6-year Malmö feasibility study . From a previously reported 5-year screening programme of 6,956 47-49-year-old Malmö males , a series of 41 subjects with early-stage Type 2 ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes mellitus and 181 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were selected for prospective study and to test the feasibility aspect of long-term intervention with an emphasis on life-style changes . A 5-year protocol , including an initial 6-months ( randomised ) pilot study , consisting of dietary treatment and/or increase of physical activity or training with annual check-ups , was completed by 90 % of subjects . Body weight was reduced by 2.3-3.7 % among participants , whereas values increased by 0.5-1.7 % in non-intervened subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and in normal control subjects ( p less than 0.0001 ) ; maximal oxygen uptake ( ml.min-1.kg-1 ) was increased by 10-14 % vs decreased by 5-9 % , respectively ( p less than 0.0001 ) . Glucose tolerance was normalized in greater than 50 % of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance , the accumulated incidence of diabetes was 10.6 % , and more than 50 % of the diabetic patients were in remission after a mean follow-up of 6 years . Blood pressure , lipids , and hyperinsulinaemia were reduced and early insulin responsiveness to glucose loading preserved . Improvement in glucose tolerance was correlated to weight reduction ( r = 0.19 , p less than 0.02 ) and increased fitness ( r = 0.22 , p less than 0.02 ) . Treatment was safe , and mortality was low ( in fact 33 % lower than in the remainder of the cohort ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
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Outcome_Physical
Body weight
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Outcome_Physical
maximal oxygen uptake
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Outcome_Physical
Glucose tolerance
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Outcome_Physical
Blood pressure , lipids , and hyperinsulinaemia
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Outcome_Physical
early insulin responsiveness to glucose
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Outcome_Physical
in glucose tolerance
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Outcome_Physical
weight reduction
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Outcome_Physical
increased fitness
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Participant_Condition
type 2 ( non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes mellitus