16251
document
Pretreatment with thiopental for prevention of pain associated with propofol injection . UNLABELLED Propofol causes pain on IV injection in 28 % -90 % of patients . A number of techniques have been tried to minimize propofol-induced pain , with variable results . We compared the efficacy of pretreatment with thiopental 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg and lidocaine 40 mg after venous occlusion for prevention of propofol-induced pain . One-hundred-twenty-four adult patients , ASA physical status I-II , undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 31 each . Group I received normal saline , group II received lidocaine 2 % ( 40 mg ) , and groups III and IV received thiopental 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg , respectively . All pretreatment drugs were made in 2 mL and were accompanied by manual venous occlusion for 1 min . Propofol was administered after release of venous occlusion . Pain was assessed with a four-point scale : 0 = no pain , 1 = mild pain , 2 = moderate pain , and 3 = severe pain at the time of propofol injection . Twenty-four patients ( 77 % ) complained of pain in the group pretreated with normal saline as compared with 12 ( 39 % ) , 10 ( 32 % ) , and 1 ( 3 % ) in the groups pretreated with lidocaine 40 mg , thiopental 0.25 mg/kg , and thiopental 0.5 mg/kg , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . Thiopental 0.5 mg/kg was the most effective treatment . We therefore suggest routine pretreatment with thiopental 0.5 mg/kg along with venous occlusion for 1 min for prevention of pain associated with propofol injection . IMPLICATIONS Pain associated with IV injection of propofol is seen in 28 % -90 % patients . Pretreatment with thiopental 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg after manual venous occlusion for 1 min effectively attenuated pain associated with propofol injection . Thiopental 0.5 mg/kg was the most effective in prevention of propofol pain and can be used routinely .
16252
Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopental
16253
Intervention_Pharmacological
propofol injection
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Propofol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopental
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Intervention_Pharmacological
lidocaine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
normal saline
16258
Intervention_Pharmacological
lidocaine
16259
Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopental
16260
Intervention_Pharmacological
manual venous occlusion
16261
Intervention_Pharmacological
Propofol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
lidocaine
16263
Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopental
16264
Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopental
16265
Intervention_Pharmacological
Thiopental
16266
Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopental
16267
Intervention_Pharmacological
thiopental
16268
Intervention_Pharmacological
Thiopental
16269
Outcome_Pain
pain associated with propofol injection .
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Outcome_Pain
pain on IV injection
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Outcome_Pain
propofol-induced pain
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Outcome_Physical
Pain
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Outcome_Physical
pain
16274
Outcome_Other
effective
16275
Outcome_Physical
pain
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Outcome_Physical
Pain
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Outcome_Physical
pain
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Outcome_Pain
propofol pain
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Participant_Condition
pain associated with propofol injection .
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Participant_Sample-size
One-hundred-twenty-four
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Participant_Age
adult