49721
document
A randomised non-inferiority controlled trial of a single versus a four intradermal sterile water injection technique for relief of continuous lower back pain during labour . BACKGROUND Almost one third of women suffer continuous lower back pain during labour . Evidence from three systematic reviews demonstrates that sterile water injections ( SWI ) provide statistically and clinically significant pain relief in women experiencing continuous lower back pain during labour . The most effective technique to administer SWI is yet to be determined . Therefore , the aim of this study is to determine if the single injection SWI technique is no less effective than the routinely used four injection SWI method in reducing continuous lower back pain during labour . METHODS/DESIGN The trial protocol was developed in consultation with an interdisciplinary team of clinical researchers . We aim to recruit 319 women presenting at term , seeking analgesia for continuous severe lower back pain during labour . Participants will be recruited from two major maternity hospitals in Australia . Randomised participants are allocated to receive a four or single intradermal needle SWI technique . The primary outcome is the change in self-reported pain measured by visual analogue scale at baseline and thirty minutes post intervention . Secondary outcomes include VAS change scores at 10 , 60 , 90 and 120 min , analgesia use , mode of birth and maternal satisfaction . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Sample size was calculated to achieve 90 % power at an alpha of 0.025 to detect a non-inferiority margin of ≤1 cm on the VAS , using a one-sided , two-sample t-test . Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics will be analysed for comparability between groups . Differences in primary ( VAS pain score ) and secondary outcomes between groups will be analysed by intention to treat and per protocol analysis using Student 's t-test and ANOVA . CONCLUSION This study will determine if a single intradermal SWI technique is no less effective than the routinely used four injection technique for lower back pain during labour . The findings will allow midwives to offer women requesting SWI during labour an evidence-based alternative technique more easily administered by staff and accepted by labouring women . TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12609000964213 .
49722
Intervention_Pharmacological
sterile water injection technique
49723
Intervention_Pharmacological
sterile water injections ( SWI )
49724
Intervention_Pharmacological
SWI
49725
Intervention_Pharmacological
SWI
49726
Intervention_Pharmacological
intradermal needle SWI technique
49727
Outcome_Pain
pain relief
49728
Outcome_Pain
change in self-reported pain
49729
Outcome_Other
visual analogue scale
49730
Outcome_Other
VAS change scores at 10 , 60 , 90 and 120 min
49731
Outcome_Other
analgesia use
49732
Outcome_Other
mode of birth
49733
Outcome_Mental
maternal satisfaction
49734
Participant_Sex
women
49735
Participant_Sample-size
319
49736
Participant_Sex
women
49737
Participant_Condition
analgesia for continuous severe lower back pain during labour