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document
Stepwise assessment tool of operative skills ( SATOS ) : validity testing on a porcine training model of open gastrectomy . BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate and compare operative performance and technical improvement of surgical trainees learning open gastrectomy using an objective structured stepwise assessment tool of operative skills ( SATOS ) previously validated for open surgery . STUDY DESIGN Thirty residents in general surgery performed 2 open partial gastrectomy training events on a porcine model . Earlier instruction was provided for the critical operative steps , with additional intraoperative instruction when required . Performance was assessed by postgraduate year ( PGY ) according to operative time , technical skills using a 23-step objective structured tool , and error rate . RESULTS There were 11 PGY-3 , 11 PGY-4 , and 8 PGY-5 residents . At the initial assessment , performance significantly differentiated the 3 PGY grades according to technical skills and error rate . At the second assessment , all 3 PGY classes were still significantly differentiable by technical skills , with no difference in error rate . Comparing performances , residents improved operative time ( p < 0.001 ) , technical skills ( p < 0.001 ) , and error rate ( p = 0.019 ) over the 2 training events . CONCLUSIONS SATOS demonstrated relevant and accurate objective assessment of trainees ' operative skills and improvement for open gastrectomy in a porcine model . This tool may be useful to standardize instruction , to expose weaknesses of trainees , and to determine minimal technical standards in residency programs .
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Intervention_Physical
operative skills ( SATOS )
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Intervention_Educational
porcine training model
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Intervention_Physical
stepwise assessment tool of operative skills ( SATOS )
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Intervention_Surgical
open partial gastrectomy training events
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Intervention_Surgical
porcine model
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Intervention_Physical
.
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Outcome_Other
postgraduate year ( PGY )
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Outcome_Other
operative time
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Outcome_Mental
technical skills
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Outcome_Other
23-step objective structured tool , and error rate .
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Outcome_Other
technical skills and error rate .
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Outcome_Other
technical skills , with no difference in error rate .
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Outcome_Other
operative time
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Outcome_Other
technical skills
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Outcome_Other
error rate
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Outcome_Other
relevant and accurate objective assessment
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Outcome_Other
operative skills and improvement