10861
document
The effects of chloroquine , amodiaquine and chloroquine plus chlorpheniramine on the disposition kinetics of the hepatomegaly associated with acute , uncomplicated , Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children . The effects of chloroquine ( CQ ) , amodiaquine ( AQ ) and CQ plus chlorpheniramine ( a histamine H ( 1 ) antagonist that reverses CQ resistance in vitro and in vivo ) on the disposition of the enlarged liver associated with acute , symptomatic , uncomplicated , Plasmodium falciparum malaria were evaluated . The subjects , 131 children aged 0.6-12 years who lived in an endemic area of Nigeria , were randomly allotted to the three treatment groups . The cumulative proportions of the children with complete resolution of their enlarged livers at 48 , 96 , 168 or 336 and 504 h after commencement of treatment were significantly higher in those treated with CQ plus chlorpheniramine ( CQCP ) than in the other two treatment groups ( with P-values of 0.02 , 0.001 , 0.00000 and 0.00002 , respectively ) . Among those with complete resolution , however , the times to resolution of 50 % ( HR50 ) or 90 % ( HR90 ) of the liver enlargement were similar in all the treatment groups . Complete resolution of the enlarged liver within 168 h was associated with a sensitive response to each treatment . Overall , in children with complete or partial resolution of their enlarged livers , the area produced by plotting liver size against time ( i.e . the area under the curve of hepatomegaly v. time , or AUC ( hp ) ) and the half-life of the hepatomegaly ( t ( 1/2hp ) ) were significantly lower in the CQCP group than in the other two groups . The volume of blood completely cleared of the 'hepatic pathological processes ' which led to the hepatomegaly ( CL ( Bhp ) ) and the fractional reduction of AUC ( hp ) at 48 and 96 h ( i.e . AUC ( hpFr148 ) and AUC ( hpFr96 ) ) were significantly higher in the CQCP group than in the other treatment groups . When the children with complete resolution of their liver enlargement were considered separately , t ( 1/2hp ) ( P=0.0008 ) but not AUC ( hp ) was found to be significantly lower , and AUC ( hpFr196 ) ( P=0.01 ) and CL ( Bhl ) ( P=0.002 ) were found to be significantly higher in the CQCP group than in the other groups . Among the children with only partial resolution of their enlarged livers , the indices of resolution and the kinetic parameters of disposition were similar in all three groups . The data indicate that the addition of chlorpheniramine to chloroquine had a beneficial effect on both the early and late stages of the resolution of the liver enlargement associated with acute , symptomatic , uncomplicated , P. falciparum malaria .
10862
Intervention_Pharmacological
chloroquine , amodiaquine
10863
Intervention_Pharmacological
chloroquine plus chlorpheniramine
10864
Intervention_Pharmacological
chloroquine ( CQ ) , amodiaquine ( AQ )
10865
Intervention_Pharmacological
CQ plus chlorpheniramine
10866
Intervention_Pharmacological
CQ plus chlorpheniramine ( CQCP )
10867
Intervention_Pharmacological
CQCP
10868
Intervention_Pharmacological
CQCP
10869
Intervention_Pharmacological
CQCP
10870
Intervention_Pharmacological
chlorpheniramine
10871
Intervention_Pharmacological
chloroquine
10872
Outcome_Physical
complete resolution of their enlarged livers
10873
Outcome_Physical
Complete resolution of the enlarged liver
10874
Outcome_Physical
complete or partial resolution
10875
Outcome_Physical
area produced by plotting liver size against time
10876
Outcome_Physical
half-life of the hepatomegaly
10877
Outcome_Physical
volume of blood completely cleared of the 'hepatic pathological processes
10878
Outcome_Physical
fractional reduction of AUC ( hp
10879
Outcome_Physical
AUC ( hp
10880
Outcome_Physical
AUC ( hpFr196 )
10881
Outcome_Physical
CL ( Bhl )
10882
Outcome_Physical
partial resolution of their enlarged livers
10883
Outcome_Physical
indices of resolution and the kinetic parameters of disposition
10884
Outcome_Physical
resolution of the liver enlargement
10885
Participant_Condition
Plasmodium falciparum malaria
10886
Participant_Age
children
10887
Participant_Condition
enlarged liver associated
10888
Participant_Sample-size
131
10889
Participant_Age
0.6-12 years
10890
Participant_Condition
liver enlargement
10891
Participant_Condition
acute , symptomatic , uncomplicated , P. falciparum malaria