52291
document
Effects of body orientation on maximum voluntary arm torques . INTRODUCTION Increased reliance on bulbospinal motor systems has been implicated in individuals with chronic stroke during maximum voluntary arm joint torque generation . METHODS Maximum isometric single-joint and multi-joint arm strength was observed in two body orientations ( sitting and supine ) while maintaining identical head/neck/trunk/extremity joint configurations in order to identify bulbospinal contributions to maximum joint torque generation in 11 individuals with stroke and 10 individuals without stroke . RESULTS During sitting , shoulder flexion was greater for both groups , whereas shoulder extension and elbow flexion , part of the " flexion synergy , " were greater only in individuals with stroke . CONCLUSIONS Body orientation influenced isometric arm strength , notably the constituents of flexion synergy in individuals with stroke , suggesting bulbospinal motor pathway involvement . From a practical perspective , clinical evaluation of single joint strength in the supine position may underestimate strength available during activities of daily living that are performed in an upright orientation .
52292
Intervention_Physical
body orientation
52293
Intervention_Physical
bulbospinal motor systems
52294
Intervention_Physical
two body orientations ( sitting and supine )
52295
Intervention_Physical
head/neck/trunk/extremity joint configurations
52296
Intervention_Physical
sitting
52297
Intervention_Physical
Body orientation
52298
Intervention_Physical
supine position
52299
Intervention_Physical
upright orientation .
52300
Outcome_Physical
isometric single-joint and multi-joint arm strength
52301
Outcome_Physical
shoulder flexion
52302
Outcome_Physical
shoulder extension and elbow flexion
52303
Outcome_Physical
isometric arm strength
52304
Outcome_Physical
flexion synergy
52305
Outcome_Physical
single joint strength
52306
Participant_Condition
chronic stroke
52307
Participant_Sample-size
11
52308
Participant_Condition
stroke
52309
Participant_Sample-size
10 individuals
52310
Participant_Condition
without stroke