69542
document
Wrist Rehabilitation Assisted by an Electromyography-Driven Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Robot After Stroke . BACKGROUND Augmented physical training with assistance from robot and neuromuscular electrical stimulation ( NMES ) may introduce intensive motor improvement in chronic stroke . OBJECTIVE To compare the rehabilitation effectiveness achieved by NMES robot-assisted wrist training and that by robot-assisted training . METHODS This study was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up . Twenty-six hemiplegic subjects with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to receive 20-session wrist training with an electromyography ( EMG ) -driven NMES robot ( NMES robot group , n = 11 ) and with an EMG-driven robot ( robot group , n = 15 ) , completed within 7 consecutive weeks . Clinical scores , Fugl-Meyer Assessment ( FMA ) , Modified Ashworth Score ( MAS ) , and Action Research Arm Test ( ARAT ) were used to evaluate the training effects before and after the training , as well as 3 months later . An EMG parameter , muscle co-contraction index , was also applied to investigate the session-by-session variation in muscular coordination patterns during the training . RESULTS The improvement in FMA ( shoulder/elbow , wrist/hand ) obtained in the NMES robot group was more significant than the robot group ( P < .05 ) . Significant improvement in ARAT was achieved in the NMES robot group ( P < .05 ) but absent in the robot group . NMES robot-assisted training showed better performance in releasing muscle co-contraction than the robot-assisted across the training sessions ( P < .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The NMES robot-assisted wrist training was more effective than the pure robot . The additional NMES application in the treatment could bring more improvements in the distal motor functions and faster rehabilitation progress .
69543
Intervention_Physical
Electromyography-Driven Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Robot
69544
Intervention_Educational
Augmented physical training with assistance from robot and neuromuscular electrical stimulation ( NMES )
69545
Intervention_Educational
NMES robot-assisted wrist training
69546
Intervention_Educational
robot-assisted training .
69547
Intervention_Educational
20-session wrist training with an electromyography ( EMG ) -driven NMES robot
69548
Intervention_Physical
EMG-driven robot
69549
Intervention_Physical
NMES robot
69550
Intervention_Educational
NMES robot-assisted wrist training
69551
Outcome_Physical
Fugl-Meyer Assessment ( FMA )
69552
Outcome_Physical
Modified Ashworth Score ( MAS )
69553
Outcome_Physical
Action Research Arm Test ( ARAT )
69554
Outcome_Physical
improvement in FMA ( shoulder/elbow , wrist/hand )
69555
Outcome_Physical
ARAT
69556
Outcome_Other
better performance
69557
Outcome_Physical
releasing muscle co-contraction
69558
Participant_Condition
Stroke
69559
Participant_Sample-size
Twenty-six
69560
Participant_Condition
hemiplegic
69561
Participant_Condition
chronic stroke