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document
Effects of skin-to-skin contact on autonomic pain responses in preterm infants . UNLABELLED The purpose of this randomized crossover trial was to determine the effects on autonomic responses in preterm infants of longer Kangaroo Care ( 30 minutes , KC30 ) and shorter KC ( 15 minutes , KC15 ) before and throughout heel stick compared with incubator care ( IC ) . Beat-to-beat heart rate ( HR ) and spectral power analysis of heart rate variability , low frequency power ( LF ) , high frequency power ( HF ) , and LF/HF ratio were measured in 26 infants . HR changes from Baseline to Heel Stick were significantly less in KC30 and KC15 than in IC , and more infants had HR decrease in IC than in 2 KC conditions . In IC , LF and HF significantly increased from Baseline to Heel Stick and dropped from Heel Stick to Recovery ; in 2 KC conditions , no changes across study phases were found . During Heel Stick , LF and HF were significantly higher in IC than in KC30 . In all 3 conditions , LF/HF ratio decreased from Baseline to Heel Stick and increased to Recovery ; no differences were found between IC and two KC conditions . Both longer and shorter KC before and throughout heel stick can stabilize HR response in preterm infants , and longer KC significantly affected infants ' sympathetic and parasympathetic responses during heel stick compared with incubator care . PERSPECTIVE This study showed that KC has a significant effect on reducing autonomic pain responses in preterm infants . The findings support that KC is a safe and effective pain intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit .
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Intervention_Physical
skin-to-skin contact
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Intervention_Physical
Kangaroo Care
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Intervention_Physical
KC30
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Intervention_Physical
KC
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Intervention_Physical
KC15
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Intervention_Physical
incubator care ( IC
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Intervention_Educational
)
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Intervention_Physical
KC30
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Intervention_Physical
IC
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Intervention_Educational
KC
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Intervention_Physical
KC
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Intervention_Physical
KC
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Intervention_Physical
incubator care
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Intervention_Physical
KC
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Intervention_Physical
KC
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Outcome_Pain
autonomic pain responses
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Outcome_Physical
HR
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Outcome_Physical
HR
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Outcome_Physical
LF
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Outcome_Physical
HF
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Outcome_Physical
LF
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Outcome_Physical
HF
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Outcome_Physical
LF/HF ratio
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Outcome_Physical
HR response
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Participant_Age
preterm infants
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Participant_Condition
longer Kangaroo Care ( 30 minutes , KC30 )
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Participant_Condition
shorter KC ( 15 minutes , KC15 ) before and throughout heel stick compared with incubator care ( IC )
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Participant_Sample-size
26
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Participant_Age
infants
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Participant_Age
preterm infants .