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document
Sunlight exposure or vitamin D supplementation for vitamin D-deficient non-western immigrants : a randomized clinical trial . UNLABELLED Vitamin D deficiency is very common in non-western immigrants . In this randomized clinical trial , vitamin D 800 IU/day or 100,000 IU/3 months were compared with advised sunlight exposure . Vitamin D supplementation was more effective than advised sunlight exposure in improving vitamin D status and lowering parathyroid hormone levels . INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency ( 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] < 25 nmol/l ) is common among non-western immigrants . It can be treated with vitamin D supplementation or sunlight exposure . METHODS To determine whether the effect of vitamin D ( 3 ) supplementation ( daily 800 IU or 100,000 IU/3 months ) or sunlight exposure advice is similar with regard to serum 25 ( OH ) D and parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) concentrations . Randomized clinical trial in 11 general practices in The Netherlands . Non-western immigrants , aged 18-65 years ( n = 232 ) and serum 25 ( OH ) D < 25 nmol/l were randomly assigned to supplementation ( daily 800 IU or 100,000 IU/3 months ) or advice for sunlight exposure for 6 months ( March-September ) . Blood samples were collected at baseline , during treatment ( 3 months , 6 months ) , and at follow-up ( 12 months ) . Statistical analysis was performed with multilevel regression modelling . RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis included 211 persons . Baseline serum 25 ( OH ) D was 22.5 ± 11.1 nmol/l . After 6 months , mean serum 25 ( OH ) D increased to 53 nmol/l with 800 IU/day , to 50.5 nmol/l with 100,000 IU/3 months , and to 29.1 nmol/l with advised sunlight exposure ( supplementation vs sunshine p < 0.001 ) . Serum PTH decreased significantly in all groups after 3 months , more in the supplementation groups than in the advised sunlight group ( p < 0.05 ) . There was no significant effect on physical performance and functional limitations . CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation is more effective than advised sunlight exposure for treating vitamin D deficiency in non-western immigrants .
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Intervention_Control
Sunlight exposure
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Intervention_Pharmacological
vitamin D supplementation
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Vitamin D
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Intervention_Pharmacological
vitamin D
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Intervention_Physical
advised sunlight exposure
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Vitamin D supplementation
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Intervention_Control
advised sunlight exposure
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Outcome_Physical
Baseline serum
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Outcome_Physical
mean
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Participant_Condition
vitamin D-deficient