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document
Randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschoolers with developmental disorders . OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of methylphenidate ( MPH ) to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) symptoms in an understudied population of preschoolers with pervasive developmental disorder ( PDD ) or intellectual disability ( ID ) . METHODS Fourteen preschoolers with developmental disorders ( DD , n = 14 ; PDD , n = 12 ; ID , n = 2 ) underwent MPH titration in a single-blind manner followed by a 4-week double-blind crossover phase . Each child was administered placebo for 2 weeks and " optimal dose " for 2 weeks . The primary outcome measure was the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4 ( th ) edition ( DSM-IV ) ADHD subscale of the Conners ' Parent Rating Scale-Revised ( CPRS-R-DSM-IV-ADHD ) . RESULTS MPH improved parent-rated ADHD symptoms of the preschoolers ; 50 % were rated as responders . The CPRS-R-DSM-IV-ADHD subscale was significant for the PDD subgroup ( p = 0.005 , Cohen d = 0.97 ) and marginally significant for the entire DD sample ( p = 0.08 , Cohen d = 0.50 ) . Half of the preschoolers experienced side effects with MPH , including reports of increased stereotypic behavior , upset stomach , sleep-related difficulties , and emotional lability . One child discontinued during titration due to side effects . CONCLUSION The predominant direction of response in these preschoolers with both ADHD and PDD/ID favored MPH , even though the response was more subtle and variable than in older and typically developing children . Due to high rates of adverse effects , preschoolers should be monitored closely .
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Intervention_Control
placebo-controlled
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Intervention_Pharmacological
methylphenidate
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Intervention_Pharmacological
methylphenidate ( MPH )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
MPH titration
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Pharmacological
optimal dose
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Intervention_Pharmacological
MPH
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Intervention_Pharmacological
MPH
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Intervention_Pharmacological
MPH
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Outcome_Other
efficacy
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Outcome_Mental
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4 ( th ) edition ( DSM-IV ) ADHD subscale of the Conners ' Parent Rating Scale-Revised
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Outcome_Mental
parent-rated ADHD symptoms
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Outcome_Mental
CPRS-R-DSM-IV-ADHD subscale
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Outcome_Adverse-effects
side effects
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Outcome_Mental
stereotypic behavior , upset stomach , sleep-related difficulties , and emotional lability
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Participant_Condition
in preschoolers with developmental disorders .
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Participant_Condition
understudied population of preschoolers with pervasive developmental disorder ( PDD ) or intellectual disability ( ID ) .
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Participant_Condition
Fourteen preschoolers with developmental disorders ( DD , n = 14 ; PDD , n = 12 ; ID , n = 2 )
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Participant_Condition
preschoolers