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document
Relationships of PROP Taste Phenotype , Taste Receptor Genotype , and Oral Nicotine Replacement Use . INTRODUCTION Recommended dosage of oral nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) product is often not achieved in smoking cessation attempts . n-6-propylthiouracil ( PROP ) bitter taste phenotype may be a potential risk factor for non-adherence to oral NRT products due to their bitter taste . There is limited literature on this phenotype in the context of smoking and none in relation to oral NRT pharmacotherapy . METHODS The association of PROP taste phenotype with NRT usage and sensory response to products was examined . In a cross-over experimental design , 120 participants received a 1 week supply of nicotine inhalers and 1 week of nicotine lozenges with random assignment to order . Mixed effects linear model analyses were conducted . RESULTS PROP taste phenotype and taste receptor genotype were not associated with NRT usage or sensory response to NRT , after adjusting for other factors . However , PROP non-tasters used a higher number of lozenges per day ( continuous exposure ) than nicotine cartridges ( intermittent exposure ) . Unexpectedly , half of baseline PROP non-tasters shifted to taster phenotype 2 weeks after smoking cessation or reduction . Menthol cigarette smokers identified higher NRT strength of sensation scores than nonmenthol smokers . Taste receptor genotype was related to PROP taste phenotype ( Kendall τ = .591 , p = .0001 ) . CONCLUSIONS A nonsignificant relationship of PROP phenotype and NRT usage may be associated with NRT under-dosing and limited variance in the outcome variable . PROP non-tasters ' greater use of lozenges is consistent with nicotine exposure being less aversive to non-tasters . Further research of this and other factors impacting NRT usage are warranted to effectively inform smoking cessation pharmacotherapy .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
1 week supply of nicotine inhalers and 1 week of nicotine lozenges
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Outcome_Other
number of lozenges per day
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Outcome_Physical
higher NRT strength of sensation scores
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Participant_Sample-size
120
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Participant_Condition
nicotine inhalers
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Participant_Condition
Menthol cigarette smokers
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Participant_Condition
nonmenthol smokers .