8934
document
Effects of clonidine on postoperative nausea and vomiting in breast cancer surgery . BACKGROUND Postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) is still common , especially among female patients . Our hypothesis is that coinduction with clonidine reduces the incidence of PONV in adult patients undergoing breast cancer surgery . METHODS Sixty-eight women premedicated with midazolam were randomly allocated to coinduction with intravenous clonidine ( group C ) or placebo ( group P ) in this prospective , double-blind study . Anesthesia was standardized ( laryngeal mask airway , fentanyl , propofol , sevoflurane , nitrous oxide , and oxygen ) . Hemodynamic parameters and the requirements for propofol , sevoflurane , and the postoperative need for ketobemidone were noted . The primary endpoints studied were the number of PONV-free patients and patient satisfaction with respect to PONV . RESULTS Patients in group C had a significantly reduced need for propofol ( P < 0.04 ) and sevoflurane ( P < 0.01 ) and a reduced early need for ketobemidone ( P < 0.04 ) . There were significantly more PONV-free patients in group C compared with group P ( 20 and 11 of 30 , respectively ; P < 0.04 ) . The number needed to treat was 3.3 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.8 , 16.9 ) . Intraoperative blood pressure , postoperative heart rate , and postoperative blood pressure were all significantly lower in group C compared with group P , but were not considered to be of clinical importance . No negative side effects were recorded . CONCLUSION Coinduction with clonidine significantly increased the number of PONV-free patients after breast cancer surgery with general anesthesia .
8935
Intervention_Pharmacological
clonidine
8936
Intervention_Pharmacological
clonidine
8937
Intervention_Pharmacological
clonidine
8938
Intervention_Control
placebo
8939
Intervention_Pharmacological
laryngeal mask airway
8940
Intervention_Pharmacological
fentanyl
8941
Intervention_Pharmacological
propofol
8942
Intervention_Pharmacological
sevoflurane
8943
Intervention_Pharmacological
nitrous oxide , and oxygen
8944
Intervention_Pharmacological
clonidine
8945
Outcome_Physical
number of PONV-free patients
8946
Outcome_Mental
patient satisfaction with respect to PONV
8947
Outcome_Other
reduced need for propofol
8948
Outcome_Other
early need for ketobemidone
8949
Outcome_Physical
PONV-free patients
8950
Outcome_Physical
Intraoperative blood pressure , postoperative heart rate , and postoperative blood pressure
8951
Outcome_Adverse-effects
side effects
8952
Outcome_Physical
PONV-free patients
8953
Participant_Condition
breast cancer surgery .