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document
Arm-cranking exercise reduced oxidative damage in adults with chronic spinal cord injury . OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a 12-week arm-cranking exercise program on reducing oxidative damage in untrained adults with chronic spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . DESIGN Randomized controlled trial . SETTING Community-based supervised intervention . PARTICIPANTS Male adults with complete SCI at or below the fifth thoracic level ( T5 ) ( N=17 ) volunteered for this study . Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention ( n=9 ) or control ( n=8 ) group using a concealed method . INTERVENTION A 12-week arm-cranking exercise program , 3 sessions/wk , consisting of warming-up ( 10-15min ) followed by a main part in arm-crank ( 20-30min [ increasing 2min and 30s every 3wk ] ) at a moderate work intensity of 50 % to 65 % of the heart rate reserve ( starting at 50 % and increasing 5 % every 3 weeks ) and by a cooling-down period ( 5-10min ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasmatic levels of total antioxidant status as well as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were measured . Lipid and protein oxidation were determined as malondialdehyde and carbonyl group levels , respectively . Furthermore , physical fitness and body composition were assessed . RESULTS When compared with baseline results , maximum oxygen consumption was significantly increased ( P=.031 ) , suggesting an improvement in physical fitness in the intervention group . Regarding the antioxidant defense system , it was found that both total antioxidant status ( P=.014 ) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity ( P=.027 ) were significantly increased at the end of the training program . As a consequence , plasmatic levels of malondialdehyde ( P=.008 ) and carbonyl groups ( P=.022 ) were significantly reduced . CONCLUSION A 12-week arm-cranking exercise program improved the antioxidant defense system in adults with chronic SCI , which may finally attenuate both lipid and protein oxidation in this population .
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Intervention_Physical
Arm-cranking exercise
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Intervention_Physical
arm-cranking exercise program
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Intervention_Control
control
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Intervention_Physical
12-week arm-cranking exercise program
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Intervention_Physical
consisting of warming-up ( 10-15min ) followed by a main part in arm-crank
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Intervention_Physical
cooling-down
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Intervention_Physical
arm-cranking exercise program
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Outcome_Physical
oxidative damage
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Outcome_Physical
oxidative damage
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Outcome_Physical
Plasmatic levels of total antioxidant status
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Outcome_Physical
erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity
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Outcome_Physical
Lipid and protein oxidation
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Outcome_Physical
malondialdehyde and carbonyl group levels
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Outcome_Physical
physical fitness and body composition
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Outcome_Physical
maximum oxygen consumption
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Outcome_Physical
physical fitness
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Outcome_Physical
total antioxidant status
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Outcome_Physical
erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity
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Outcome_Physical
plasmatic levels of malondialdehyde
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Outcome_Physical
antioxidant defense system
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Outcome_Physical
lipid and protein oxidation