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document
Beneficial effects of a diabetes specific formula on insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . BACKGROUND This prospective , randomized , controlled study was designed to investigate the effects of a diabetes specific formula ( Diason low energy : 313.8 kJ/100 ml ) , compared with a standard formula , on insulin sensitivity , serum C peptide , serum lipids and free fatty acid ( FFA ) in type 2 diabetics . METHODS In total of 71 type 2 diabetics completed the study . Enteral formulas were given orally as the sole source of nutrition to the subjects for 6 days . Venous blood samples ( 0.5 , 1 , 2 , 3 hours ) were collected at day-7 after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT ) , day 1 after a standard test meal ( 1673.6 kJ ) and after 6 days of either the test diabetes specific formula or a standard formula . Plasma glucose , serum insulin , C peptide and lipids were measured . RESULTS After the intervention period , the diabetes specific formula resulted in a significantly lower postprandial rise in blood glucose concentrations at 0.5 hour ( P < 0.05 ) and 1 hour ( P < 0.01 ) ; significantly lower peak height of plasma glucose ( P = 0.05 ) ; significantly lower plasma insulin concentrations at 0.5 hour ( P < 0.01 ) , 1 hour ( P < 0.01 ) and 2 hours ( P < 0.01 ) ; and a significantly lower plasma insulin peak compared to controls ; both OGTT and a standard test meal ( P < 0.05 ) . The glucose and insulin area under the curve after the diabetes specific formula compared to the standard formula were significantly lower . The C peptide level was lower after 6 days of both nutrition formulas compare to 75 g OGTT , but not different from the standard mixed meal . Both formulas were well tolerated . CONCLUSIONS In summary the diabetes specific formula with a relatively high monounsaturated fatty acid and high multi fiber proportion significantly improved glycemic control . On top of this , the insulin sensitivity ( HOMA-IS ) was significantly improved and may therefore directly improve the impact on long term complications . The disease specific formula should therefore be the preferred option to be used by diabetic and hyperglycemic patients in need of nutritional support .
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Intervention_Physical
diabetes specific formula
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Intervention_Physical
diabetes specific formula
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Intervention_Pharmacological
(
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Intervention_Physical
Diason low energy
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Intervention_Pharmacological
: 313.8 kJ/100 ml )
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Intervention_Pharmacological
standard formula
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Intervention_Physical
Enteral formulas
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Intervention_Physical
diabetes specific formula
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Intervention_Pharmacological
standard formula
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diabetes specific formula
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diabetes specific formula
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Intervention_Pharmacological
standard formula
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Intervention_Physical
nutrition formulas
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Intervention_Physical
standard mixed meal
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Intervention_Physical
diabetes specific formula
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Intervention_Physical
disease specific formula
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Outcome_Other
Beneficial effects
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Outcome_Physical
insulin sensitivity
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Outcome_Physical
free fatty acid
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Outcome_Physical
insulin sensitivity
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Outcome_Physical
serum C peptide
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Outcome_Physical
serum lipids
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Outcome_Physical
free fatty acid ( FFA )
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Outcome_Physical
Plasma glucose
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Outcome_Physical
serum insulin
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Outcome_Physical
C peptide
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Outcome_Physical
lipids
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Outcome_Physical
postprandial rise in blood glucose concentrations
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Outcome_Physical
peak height of plasma glucose
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Outcome_Physical
plasma insulin peak
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Outcome_Physical
glucose and insulin
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Outcome_Physical
C peptide level
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Outcome_Physical
glycemic control
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Outcome_Physical
insulin sensitivity ( HOMA-IS )
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Participant_Condition
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .
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Participant_Condition
type 2 diabetics .