66071
document
Variations in EEG discharges predict ADHD severity within individual Smith-Lemli-Opitz patients . OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ( SLOS ) as well as the relationship between interictal epileptiform discharges ( IEDs ) and within-subject variations in attentional symptom severity . METHODS In the context of a clinical trial for SLOS , we performed cross-sectional and repeated-measure observational studies of the relationship between EEG findings and cognitive/behavioral factors on 23 children ( aged 4-17 years ) . EEGs were reviewed for clinical abnormalities , including IEDs , by readers blinded to participants ' behavioral symptoms . Between-group differences in baseline characteristics of participants with and without IEDs were analyzed . Within-subject analyses examined the association between the presence of IEDs and changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) symptoms . RESULTS Of 85 EEGs , 43 ( 51 % ) were abnormal , predominantly because of IEDs . Only one subject had documented clinical seizures . IEDs clustered in 13 subjects ( 57 % ) , whereas 9 subjects ( 39 % ) had EEGs consistently free of IEDs . While there were no significant group differences in sex , age , intellectual disability , language level , or baseline ADHD symptoms , autistic symptoms tended to be more prevalent in the " IED " group ( according to Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 criteria ) . Within individuals , the presence of IEDs on a particular EEG predicted , on average , a 27 % increase in ADHD symptom severity . CONCLUSIONS Epileptiform discharges are common in SLOS , despite a relatively low prevalence of epilepsy . Fluctuations in the presence of epileptiform discharges within individual children with a developmental disability syndrome may be associated with fluctuations in ADHD symptomatology , even in the absence of clinical seizures .
66072
Intervention_Physical
EEG discharges
66073
Intervention_Physical
EEG
66074
Intervention_Physical
EEGs
66075
Outcome_Physical
EEG discharges
66076
Outcome_Physical
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) symptoms .
66077
Outcome_Physical
abnormal
66078
Outcome_Adverse-effects
clinical seizures .
66079
Outcome_Mental
sex , age , intellectual disability , language level , or baseline ADHD symptoms , autistic symptoms
66080
Outcome_Mental
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 criteria )
66081
Outcome_Mental
ADHD symptom severity .
66082
Participant_Condition
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ( SLOS )
66083
Participant_Sample-size
23
66084
Participant_Age
aged 4-17 years