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document
Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose appearance rate in people with type 2 diabetes . Amino acids derived from ingested protein are potential substrates for gluconeogenesis . However , several laboratories have reported that protein ingestion does not result in an increase in the circulating glucose concentration in people with or without type 2 diabetes . The reason for this has remained unclear . In people without diabetes it seems to be due to less glucose being produced and entering the circulation than the calculated theoretical amount . Therefore , we were interested in determining whether this also was the case in people with type 2 diabetes . Ten male subjects with untreated type 2 diabetes were given , in random sequence , 50 g protein in the form of very lean beef or only water at 0800 h and studied over the subsequent 8 h. Protein ingestion resulted in an increase in circulating insulin , C-peptide , glucagon , alpha amino and urea nitrogen , and triglycerides ; a decrease in nonesterified fatty acids ; and a modest increase in respiratory quotient . The total amount of protein deaminated and the amino groups incorporated into urea was calculated to be approximately 20-23 g. The net amount of glucose estimated to be produced , based on the quantity of amino acids deaminated , was approximately 11-13 g. However , the amount of glucose appearing in the circulation was only approximately 2 g. The peripheral plasma glucose concentration decreased by approximately 1 mM after ingestion of either protein or water , confirming that ingested protein does not result in a net increase in glucose concentration , and results in only a modest increase in the rate of glucose disappearance .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
protein ingestion
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Intervention_Pharmacological
50 g
5740
Intervention_Physical
protein
5741
Intervention_Pharmacological
in the form of very lean beef
5742
Intervention_Control
only water
5743
Intervention_Pharmacological
Protein
5744
Outcome_Physical
glucose appearance rate
5745
Outcome_Physical
circulating glucose concentration
5746
Outcome_Physical
circulating insulin
5747
Outcome_Physical
C-peptide
5748
Outcome_Physical
glucagon
5749
Outcome_Physical
alpha amino and urea nitrogen
5750
Outcome_Physical
triglycerides
5751
Outcome_Physical
nonesterified fatty acids
5752
Outcome_Physical
respiratory quotient
5753
Outcome_Physical
protein deaminated and the amino groups incorporated into urea
5754
Outcome_Physical
glucose
5755
Outcome_Physical
amount of glucose appearing in the circulation
5756
Outcome_Physical
peripheral plasma glucose concentration
5757
Outcome_Physical
glucose concentration
5758
Outcome_Physical
rate of glucose disappearance
5759
Participant_Condition
people with type 2 diabetes .
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Participant_Condition
type 2 diabetes .
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Participant_Sample-size
Ten