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document
The effect of halothane and isoflurane on plasma cytokine levels . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of halothane vs. isoflurane on cytokine production during minor elective surgery . Forty adult patients , ASA I-II were randomly allocated to receive halothane or isoflurane . Venous samples for interleukin ( IL ) -1beta , IL-2 , IL-6 , tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) and interferon-gamma ( IFN-gamma ) were taken before anaesthesia , before incision , at the end of anaesthesia and 24 h postoperatively . In both groups , IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels remained low throughout the study period . Before incision , in both groups IL-1beta and IFN-gamma showed a decrease ( p < 0.01 for IL-1beta in isoflurane group and p < 0.05 for the others ) compared with pre-induction . By the end of anaesthesia and surgery , IL-1beta had increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) and IFN-gamma had decreased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) in both groups compared with pre-incisional levels . By 24 h postoperatively in both groups , IL-1beta had decreased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) , whereas IFN-gamma had increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) compared with the end of anaesthesia and surgery level . Pre-incisionally , IL-2 increased in the halothane group ( p < 0.01 ) , whereas it decreased significantly in the isoflurane group ( p < 0.001 ) compared with the pre-induction level . By the end of anaesthesia and surgery and by 24 h postoperatively , IL-2 had decreased significantly in the halothane group ( p < 0.001 ) , whereas it increased significantly in the isoflurane group ( p < 0.001 ) compared with pre-incision and end of anaesthesia and surgery levels , respectively .
4077
Intervention_Pharmacological
halothane
4078
Intervention_Pharmacological
isoflurane
4079
Intervention_Pharmacological
halothane
4080
Intervention_Pharmacological
isoflurane
4081
Intervention_Pharmacological
halothane
4082
Intervention_Pharmacological
isoflurane
4083
Intervention_Pharmacological
halothane
4084
Intervention_Pharmacological
isoflurane
4085
Intervention_Pharmacological
halothane
4086
Intervention_Pharmacological
isoflurane
4087
Outcome_Physical
plasma cytokine levels
4088
Outcome_Physical
cytokine production
4089
Outcome_Physical
IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels
4090
Outcome_Physical
IL-1beta and IFN-gamma
4091
Outcome_Physical
IL-1beta
4092
Outcome_Physical
IL-1beta
4093
Outcome_Physical
IFN-gamma
4094
Outcome_Physical
IL-1beta
4095
Outcome_Physical
IFN-gamma
4096
Outcome_Physical
IL-2
4097
Outcome_Physical
IL-2