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Effect of clinical pharmacy services on the blood pressure of African-American renal transplant patients . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if African-American renal transplant patients who received direct patient care from a clinical pharmacist had better blood pressure control compared to African-American renal transplant patients who did not have clinical pharmacy services . METHODS Renal transplant patients were prospectively randomized into an intervention group or a control group . Patients in the intervention group received clinical pharmacy services that included a clinical pharmacist performing patient medication reviews , with emphasis on preventing or resolving medication-related problems and providing medication recommendations . Patients in the control group received routine clinic services , but had no clinical pharmacist interaction . Analysis was performed to detect differences between the intervention and control groups in baseline and quarterly systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) for one year post-study enrollment . RESULTS There were no differences between the intervention ( N = 13 ) and control ( N = 10 ) groups in baseline blood pressures or in the percentage of hypertensive patients . Significant differences in the change in SBP and DBP from baseline between the intervention and control groups were observed at the second , third , and fourth quarters of the study , favoring the intervention group ( P < .01 ) . Mean SBP was significantly lower in the intervention group at the second ( 137.8 +/- 15.0 vs 168.9 +/- 15.3 ) , third ( 135.9 +/- 11.7 vs 164.6 +/- 20.1 ) , and fourth ( 145.3 +/- 16.8 vs 175.8 +/- 33.9 ) quarters of the study ( P < .05 ) . Mean DBP was significantly lower in the intervention group at the second ( 76.0 +/- 11.8 vs 84.9 +/- 6.1 ) and fourth ( 77.0 +/- 10.2 vs 91.8 +/- 12.0 ) quarters ( P < .05 ) . CONCLUSION Direct patient care services provided by a clinical pharmacist , in addition to routine clinical services , have a positive effect on the blood pressure of African-American renal transplant patients . A multidisciplinary team that includes a clinical pharmacist is beneficial to patient care .
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Intervention_Educational
clinical pharmacy services
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Intervention_Educational
clinical pharmacist
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Intervention_Educational
received clinical pharmacy services that included a clinical pharmacist performing patient medication reviews , with emphasis on preventing or resolving medication-related problems and providing medication recommendations .
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Intervention_Educational
received
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Intervention_Control
routine clinic services
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Intervention_Educational
, but had
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Intervention_Control
no clinical pharmacist interaction
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Intervention_Educational
.
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Outcome_Physical
blood pressure
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Outcome_Physical
blood pressure control
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Outcome_Physical
baseline and quarterly systolic blood pressure ( SBP )
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Outcome_Physical
diastolic blood pressure ( DBP )
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Outcome_Physical
blood pressures
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Outcome_Physical
SBP
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Outcome_Physical
DBP
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Outcome_Physical
Mean SBP
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Outcome_Physical
Mean DBP
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Outcome_Physical
blood pressure
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Participant_Condition
renal transplant
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Participant_Sample-size
Renal transplant patients
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Participant_Sample-size
13
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Participant_Sample-size
10