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document
Relationship between subjective effects and drug preferences : ethanol and diazepam . The relationship between subjective effects and drug preferences in normal volunteers was explored in a meta-analysis of several previously published studies . Subjective effects of , and preference for , ethanol and diazepam vs. placebo were measured using a choice procedure . Subjects were grouped according to their drug choices : 'non-choosers ' never chose drug , whereas 'choosers ' always chose drug . The two groups were compared on their subjective responses to drug and on demographic variables . Ethanol decreased Arousal , Elation , Positive Mood and Vigor , and increased Anxiety , Depression and Fatigue in the non-choosers , whereas it increased Arousal and Vigor in the choosers . Ethanol choosers were also more likely to be males and/or full-time students than non-choosers . Diazepam produced sedative-like effects in both choosers and non-choosers , but markedly decreased Anxiety and increased Friendliness in choosers only . Diazepam choice was also associated with more frequent recreational use of marijuana and stimulants . Thus , both demographic variables and subjective drug effects were related to drug preference .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
ethanol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
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Intervention_Pharmacological
ethanol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
diazepam
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Intervention_Control
placebo
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Ethanol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Ethanol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Diazepam
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Diazepam
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Outcome_Mental
decreased Arousal , Elation , Positive Mood and Vigor
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Outcome_Mental
increased Anxiety
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Outcome_Mental
Depression
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Outcome_Physical
and Fatigue
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Outcome_Mental
increased Arousal
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Outcome_Mental
Vigor
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Outcome_Other
likely to be males and/or full-time students
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Outcome_Mental
sedative-like effects
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Outcome_Mental
decreased Anxiety and increased Friendliness
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Outcome_Other
more frequent recreational use of marijuana and stimulants .
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Outcome_Adverse-effects
demographic variables and subjective drug effects
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Participant_Condition
drug preferences
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Participant_Condition
normal
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Participant_Sex
males