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Effect of antipsychotic drugs on cortical thickness . A randomized controlled one-year follow-up study of haloperidol , risperidone and olanzapine . BACKGROUND Imaging evidence indicates that brain alterations are primary to the full-blown onset of schizophrenia and seem to progress across time . The potential effects of antipsychotic medication on brain structure represent a key factor in understanding brain changes in psychosis . We aimed to investigate the effects of low doses of haloperidol , risperidone and olanzapine on cortical thickness . METHOD We investigated the effects of risperidone ( N=16 ) , olanzapine ( N=18 ) and low doses of haloperidol ( N=18 ) in cortical thickness changes during 1-year follow-up period in a large and heterogeneous sample of schizophrenia spectrum patients . The relationship between cortical thickness changes and clinical and cognitive outcome was also assessed . A group of 45 healthy volunteers was also longitudinally evaluated . Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans ( 1.5T ) were obtained and images were analyzed by using BRAINS2 . RESULTS There were no significant effects of time ( F ( 1,47 ) < 1.66 ; P > 0.204 ) , treatment group ( F ( 2,47 ) < 1.47 ; P > 0.242 ) or group-by-time interaction ( F ( 2,47 ) < 1.82 ; P > 0.174 ) for any of the cortical thickness variables . When the group of healthy controls was included in the analyses , it is of note that group-by-time interaction showed a significant result for the frontal lobe at trend level ( F ( 3,81 ) =2.686 ; P=0.052 ) . After the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons , there were no significant associations between changes in cortical thickness and clinical and cognitive outcome . CONCLUSIONS Low doses of haloperidol , risperidone , and olanzapine seem to equally affect gray matter cortical thickness , overall and lobes , at the medium-term ( 1 year ) . The clinical effectiveness of treatments was not significantly related to changes in cortical thickness .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
antipsychotic drugs
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Intervention_Pharmacological
haloperidol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
risperidone
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Intervention_Pharmacological
olanzapine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
antipsychotic medication
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Intervention_Pharmacological
haloperidol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
risperidone
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Intervention_Pharmacological
olanzapine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
risperidone
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Intervention_Pharmacological
olanzapine
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Intervention_Pharmacological
haloperidol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
haloperidol
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Intervention_Pharmacological
risperidone
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Intervention_Pharmacological
olanzapine
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Outcome_Physical
cortical thickness .
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Outcome_Other
effects of antipsychotic medication
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Outcome_Physical
cortical thickness
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Outcome_Physical
cortical thickness changes
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Outcome_Physical
clinical
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Outcome_Physical
cortical thickness variables .
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Outcome_Physical
changes in cortical thickness
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Outcome_Physical
gray matter cortical thickness , overall and lobes
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Outcome_Physical
cortical thickness
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Participant_Condition
risperidone
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Participant_Sample-size
N=16
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Participant_Condition
olanzapine
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Participant_Sample-size
N=18
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Participant_Condition
haloperidol
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Participant_Sample-size
N=18
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Participant_Condition
schizophrenia spectrum
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Participant_Sample-size
45
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Participant_Condition
healthy