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document
Over time relationships between early adolescent and peer substance use . Peer and adolescent substance use are highly correlated , but this relationship is not fully understood . In particular , the relative contributions of selection and socialization to substance use progression have not been established . Students ( n=2453 ) in the seven middle schools in one school district were assessed at school at the beginning and end of the sixth , seventh , eighth grade and beginning of the 9th grade . Self-reported smoking and drinking and the number of substance using friends were assessed 5 times over 3 years . The relationship between peer and adolescent substance use were assessed in parallel processes as part of an autoregressive latent trajectory model . Substance use and the number of substance using friends increased in linear fashion from T1 to T5 . Initial substance use predicted an increase in the number of substance using friends over time , indicating an effect of selection , and the initial number of substance using friends predicted substance use progression , providing evidence of socialization . The magnitudes of these relationships were similar . Bivariate , lagged autoregressive analyses of the successive relationships from one assessment to the next showed consistent , significant associations from peer use to adolescent substance use . The association from adolescent to peer use was significant only from 7th to 8th grade . The findings provide evidence of reciprocal influences , but socialization was a more consistent influence than selection .
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Intervention_Educational
Self-reported
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Intervention_Educational
relationship between peer and adolescent substance use were assessed in parallel processes as part of an autoregressive latent trajectory model .
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Outcome_Mental
peer substance
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Outcome_Mental
Self-reported smoking and drinking
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Outcome_Mental
peer and adolescent substance use
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Outcome_Mental
Substance use
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Outcome_Mental
the number of substance
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Outcome_Mental
number of substance using friends over time
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Outcome_Mental
substance use
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Outcome_Mental
peer use to adolescent substance use
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Outcome_Mental
adolescent to peer use
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Participant_Condition
Self-reported smoking and drinking and the number of substance using friends were assessed 5 times over 3 years .