66951
document
Egg intake during carbohydrate restriction alters peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in metabolic syndrome . Egg yolk contains bioactive components that improve plasma inflammatory markers and HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) under carbohydrate restriction . We further sought to determine whether egg yolk intake affects peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS , as HDL and its associated lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 ( ABCA1 ) reduce the inflammatory potential of leukocytes through modulation of cellular cholesterol content and distribution . Thirty-seven men and women classified with MetS consumed a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet ( 25 % -30 % of energy ) for 12 weeks , in addition to consuming either three whole eggs per day ( EGG ) or the equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute ( SUB ) . Interestingly , lipopolysaccharide-induced PBMC IL-1β and TNFα secretion increased from baseline to week 12 in the SUB group only , despite increases in PBMC toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) mRNA expression in the EGG group . Compared to baseline , ABCA1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl ( HMG ) -CoA reductase mRNA expression increased by week 12 in the EGG group only , whereas changes in PBMC total cholesterol positively correlated with changes in lipid raft content . Together , these findings suggest that intake of whole eggs during carbohydrate restriction alters PBMC inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
Egg intake
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Intervention_Pharmacological
egg yolk intake
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Intervention_Pharmacological
moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet
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Intervention_Pharmacological
either three whole eggs per day ( EGG
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Intervention_Control
equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute ( SUB
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Outcome_Physical
peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) inflammation
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Outcome_Physical
lipopolysaccharide-induced PBMC IL-1β and TNFα secretion increased
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Outcome_Physical
PBMC toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) mRNA expression
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Outcome_Physical
baseline , ABCA1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl ( HMG ) -CoA reductase mRNA expression increased
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Outcome_Physical
in PBMC total cholesterol
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Outcome_Physical
alters PBMC inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis
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Participant_Sample-size
Thirty-seven
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Participant_Sex
men
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Participant_Sex
women
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Participant_Condition
MetS