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document
The effects of strength training on central arterial compliance in middle-aged and older adults . BACKGROUND Contrary to aerobic exercise , strength training ( ST ) is associated with decreased central arterial compliance in young men . It is unknown whether ST , with or without concurrent endurance training , would have a similar effect in older adults with reduced baseline arterial compliance . OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of a ST program on central arterial compliance in middle-aged and older adults . DESIGN Randomized , controlled intervention study in which 37 healthy , sedentary men and women ( 52+/-2 years ) performed 13 weeks of ST ( n=13 ) , ST+aerobic exercise ( n=12 ) or stretching exercises as a control group ( n=12 ) . METHODS Participants were rigorously screened for cardiovascular disease and underwent pre-post testing for carotid arterial compliance ( via simultaneous ultrasound and applanation tonometry ) , carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity , plasma endothelin-1 and angiotensin II concentrations and carotid artery vasoreactivity ( cold pressor test ) . RESULTS ST performed alone , or in conjunction with aerobic exercise , improved maximal muscle strength and increased total lean body mass ( both P < 0.01 ) . No significant changes were observed in carotid artery compliance or carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity following ST or ST+aerobic exercise . Carotid artery compliance increased significantly ( 23 % ) following stretching which may be attributed to a reduction in carotid pulse pressure . No significant changes were observed in plasma vasoconstrictor hormones or carotid artery vasoreactivity following the interventions . CONCLUSION Thirteen weeks of moderate ST two or three times per week does not reduce central arterial compliance in middle-aged and older adults .
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Intervention_Physical
strength training
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Intervention_Physical
strength training ( ST )
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Intervention_Physical
ST
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Intervention_Physical
ST
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Intervention_Physical
ST+aerobic exercise
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Intervention_Control
or stretching exercises as a control group
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Intervention_Physical
aerobic exercise
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Intervention_Physical
ST or ST+aerobic exercise
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Intervention_Physical
ST
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Outcome_Physical
central arterial compliance
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Outcome_Physical
central arterial compliance
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Outcome_Physical
arterial compliance .
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Outcome_Physical
central arterial compliance
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Outcome_Physical
carotid arterial compliance
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Outcome_Physical
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity , plasma endothelin-1
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Outcome_Physical
angiotensin II concentrations
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Outcome_Physical
carotid artery vasoreactivity
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Outcome_Physical
maximal muscle strength
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Outcome_Physical
increased total lean body mass
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Outcome_Other
carotid artery compliance
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Outcome_Physical
carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity
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Outcome_Other
ST or ST+aerobic exercise
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Outcome_Physical
Carotid artery compliance
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Outcome_Physical
plasma vasoconstrictor hormones or carotid artery vasoreactivity
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Outcome_Physical
central arterial compliance
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Participant_Age
middle-aged
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Participant_Age
older adults
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Participant_Condition
decreased central arterial compliance
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Participant_Age
young
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Participant_Condition
reduced baseline arterial compliance
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Participant_Sample-size
37
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Participant_Condition
healthy
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Participant_Condition
sedentary
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Participant_Sex
men
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Participant_Sex
women
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Participant_Age
52+/-2 years
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Participant_Condition
cardiovascular disease
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Participant_Condition
carotid arterial compliance