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document
Can sedation reduce the cardiac stress during gastrointestinal endoscopy ? A study with non-invasive automated cardiac flow measurement by color Doppler echocardiography . BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ( UGIE ) may cause some cardiac stress . The effect of sedation on hemodynamics during UGIE has not been fully studied , and therefore the aim of this study was to clarify whether or not sedation can reduce cardiac stress dufing UGIE . METHODS Eight normal male volunteers undergoing UGIE with sedation ( 0.1 mg/kg of midazolam ) and without it ( two endoscopies per volunteer in random order ) were monitored throughout the procedure by means of electrocardiogram , blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation ( SpO2 ) . Cardiac output was measured at six points before , during and after endoscopy from automated cardiac flow measurement by color Doppler echocardiography . Serum norepinephrine , epinephrine , dopamine and ACTH concentrations were measured before and after the examination . RESULTS No significant differences in heart rate , systolic blood pressure , rate-pressure product , cardiac output and left ventricular work index were observed between the sedated and non-sedated groups . SpO2 hardly changed during endoscopy in the non-sedated group , but decreased slightly in the sedated group ( P = 0.075 ) . Although all serum catecholamine concentration changes were within normal limits in both groups , after endoscopy only epinephrine concentration was significantly lower in the sedated group than in the non-sedated group ( P = 0.0027 ) . CONCLUSIONS Conscious sedation with midazolam does not reduce the cardiac stress during UGIE .
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Intervention_Physical
UGIE
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Intervention_Pharmacological
with sedation ( 0.1 mg/kg of midazolam )
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Intervention_Physical
endoscopies
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Intervention_Physical
electrocardiogram
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Intervention_Physical
blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation ( SpO2 )
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Intervention_Surgical
endoscopy
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Intervention_Physical
color Doppler echocardiography .
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Intervention_Pharmacological
midazolam
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Outcome_Physical
electrocardiogram
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Outcome_Physical
blood pressure
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Outcome_Physical
peripheral oxygen saturation
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Outcome_Physical
Cardiac output
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Outcome_Physical
Serum norepinephrine
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Outcome_Physical
epinephrine
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Outcome_Physical
dopamine
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Outcome_Physical
ACTH concentrations
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Outcome_Physical
heart rate
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Outcome_Physical
systolic blood pressure
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Outcome_Physical
rate-pressure product
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Outcome_Physical
cardiac output
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Outcome_Physical
left ventricular work index
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Outcome_Physical
SpO2
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Participant_Condition
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
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Participant_Sample-size
Eight
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Participant_Sex
male