70233
document
Effects of sodium and potassium supplementation on blood pressure and arterial stiffness : a fully controlled dietary intervention study . We performed a randomised , placebo-controlled , crossover study to examine the effects of sodium and potassium supplementation on blood pressure ( BP ) and arterial stiffness in untreated ( pre ) hypertensive individuals . During the study , subjects were on a fully controlled diet that was relatively low in sodium and potassium . After a 1-week run-in period , subjects received capsules with supplemental sodium ( 3 g d ( -1 ) , equals 7.6 g d ( -1 ) of salt ) , supplemental potassium ( 3 g d ( -1 ) ) or placebo , for 4 weeks each , in random order . Fasting office BP , 24-h ambulatory BP and measures of arterial stiffness were assessed at baseline and every 4 weeks . Of 37 randomized subjects , 36 completed the study . They had a mean pre-treatment BP of 145/81 mm Hg and 69 % had systolic BP ⩾140 mm Hg . Sodium excretion was increased by 98 mmol per 24 h and potassium excretion by 63 mmol per 24 h during active interventions , compared with placebo . During sodium supplementation , office BP was significantly increased by 7.5/3.3 mm Hg , 24-h BP by 7.5/2.7 mm Hg and central BP by 8.5/3.6 mm Hg . During potassium supplementation , 24-h BP was significantly reduced by 3.9/1.6 mm Hg and central pulse pressure by 2.9 mm Hg . Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were not significantly affected by sodium or potassium supplementation . In conclusion , increasing the intake of sodium caused a substantial increase in BP in subjects with untreated elevated BP . Increased potassium intake , on top of a relatively low-sodium diet , had a beneficial effect on BP . Arterial stiffness did not materially change during 4-week interventions with sodium or potassium .
70234
Intervention_Pharmacological
sodium and potassium supplementation
70235
Intervention_Pharmacological
sodium and potassium supplementation
70236
Intervention_Pharmacological
sodium
70237
Intervention_Pharmacological
supplemental potassium
70238
Intervention_Control
placebo
70239
Outcome_Physical
blood pressure and arterial stiffness :
70240
Outcome_Physical
blood pressure ( BP ) and arterial stiffness
70241
Outcome_Other
measures of arterial
70242
Outcome_Other
pre-treatment
70243
Outcome_Physical
increased
70244
Outcome_Other
intake
70245
Participant_Condition
blood pressure
70246
Participant_Condition
arterial stiffness :
70247
Participant_Condition
blood pressure ( BP )
70248
Participant_Condition
arterial stiffness
70249
Participant_Condition
untreated ( pre ) hypertensive individuals
70250
Participant_Sample-size
37
70251
Participant_Sample-size
36
70252
Participant_Condition
sodium caused a substantial increase