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Manganese Coatings on Hydroxyapatite-Deposited Ti–29Nb–xHf Alloys After Nanomesh Formation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate manganese coatings on the hydroxyapatite-deposited Ti–29Nb–xHf alloy after nanomesh formation. The Ti alloy substrates for nanomesh formation were immersed in 5 M NaOH aqueous solution at 60 °C for 12 h. Electrochemical deposition of HA was carried out using cyclic voltammetry at 80 °C in 2.5 mM Ca(NO3)2 + 1.5 mM NH4H2PO4. The manganese coating was obtained by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The microstructure, composition, and phase structure of the coated alloys were examined by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The microstructures of the Ti–29Nb–xHf alloys were changed from an α″ + β phase to a β phase, and needle-like structure to equiaxed structure with Hf content. The bulk surfaces of Ti–29Nb alloy were partially covered with a rod-like hydroxyapatite layer and exhibited rod-like and round edge shape. In contrast, the hydroxyapatite coating after mesh formation on the Ti–29Nb–15Hf alloy showed plate-like precipitates. Manganese coatings on the Ti–29Nb–xHf alloys with mesh formation exhibited rod-like particles at the tip of plate-like precipitates by RF-sputtering. The Ca/P ratios of the coatings were 1.4 and 1.68 without and with mesh formation, respectively.