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Hydroxyapatite–316L stainless steel fibre composite biomaterials fabricated by hot pressing

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HA)–316L stainless steel composite biomaterials with different 316L stainless steel fibre volume fraction in the composite were fabricated by hot pressing and sintering at elevated temperature. 316L stainless steel fibres were enwrapped in the HA matrix with integration being very tight. Metallographic microscope, SEM and EDAX analysis were carried out in order to investigate the microstructure in the materials and the combination interface between HA and 316L stainless steel fibre was observed in detail. While the composite contained 20 vol.-%316L stainless steel fibre, the bending strength and the compressive strength are equal to ∼200 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively. The research displayed that mechanical properties increase with the increase in volume of the 316L stainless steel fibres, but decrease with increasing diameter and mean length of the fibres. Toughness of the composite increases with the rise of 316L stainless steel contents. It has been shown that some Fe atom diffusion takes place through the interface into ceramic matrix during hot pressing and sintering.