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Complex activation is more focal and concentrated to parenchymal tissue

INTRODUCTION In functional magnetic resonance imaging, voxel time courses after "image reconstruction" are complex valued. Nearly all fMRI studies derive functional "activation" based on magnitude-only data time courses [1]. The phase time courses are usually discarded. Recently a magnitude activation from complex data model was introduced that did not lose activation power as the SNR decreased [2]. Subsequently the magnitude-only data model activation statistic was derived from complex data [3] and the parameters of both models characterized [4]. MODEL In a voxel, the observed complex-valued data can be described with the vector/matrix model