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COVID-19, Job Loss, and Intimate Partner Violence in Peru

We collect retrospective panel survey data on household socioeconomic status and domestic conﬂict from a large nationwide sample in Peru and ﬁnd a sizable and sustained increase in intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of physical IPV increased by an estimated 56% from 2019 to April/May 2020, and the increase was sustained until July/August 2020, the latest data point collected in our survey. Households most likely to lose a job experienced the largest increases in IPV over the period, measured by variation in the level of job loss across occupations. These patterns suggest that part of the increase in IPV was a causal eﬀect of income shocks created by the COVID-19 pandemic. strongly associated with changes in the incidence of IPV. While increases in IPV appear to be orthogonal to employment losses in the ﬁrst two months of the pandemic, households most exposed to pandemic related job-losses suﬀered disproportionate and extremely large increases in physical IPV six months into the pandemic. This pattern is consistent with lockdown measures and uncertainty contributing to domestic violence at the onset of the shock, while income losses experienced by a subset of the population led to sustained levels of IPV several months later. These results provide important additional empirical evidence that economic crises, in this case generated by COVID-19, produce violence through both the stress of economic uncertainty as well as through material losses to individual households.