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Temperature-switchable surfactant-free microemulsion.

Stimuli-responsive microemulsions have recently attracted significant interest due to their unique properties. Here, we developed a novel surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) in a non-toxic ternary mixture, in which dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as an amphi-solvent, n-butanol as nonpolar phase and water as polar phase. The DLS results confirmed the presence of pre-ouzo zone and the polarity experiment revealed that the single-phase region can be further divided into oil-in-water, bicontinuous, and water-in-oil subregions. The size of droplets increased upon increasing the water or n-butanol content, but decreased with increasing DMSO content. With increasing temperature, the area of single-phase region increased accompanied by a decrease in the size of droplets, and the critical point moved to the corner of n-butanol. No matter what subregion the formulation was in, decreasing temperature below the phase transition temperature (PIT) will induce a transition from monophasic MEs to complete phase separation. Vice versa. This is mainly attributed to the effect of temperature on the hydrogen-bond interaction. Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can be prepared above PIT and facilely separated below PIT. The Ag-NPs obtained from the current SFME showed higher catalytic activity than that obtained from a common surfactant-based ME.