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Wireless Sensor Network Capacity Enhancement Using Spatial Concurrency

The capacity of an ad hoc wireless network is determined by its topology and the resulting signal-to-interference ratio experienced by the various wireless links that interconnect different nodes. The Shannon capacity theorem is the fundamental result that relates the link bandwidth and the signal-tointerference ratio (SIR) experienced by a link. The link capacity in turn defines the upper bound on the data rate that a wireless link can support under the prevailing link conditions. The Shannon capacity of different links can be used to determine capacity regions that ensure stable link scheduling and link data rates. Since much of the research reported so far in this area has not dealt with exploiting concurrency that can be provisioned in the spatial domain using beamforming techniques, the links are forced to use transmission schedules that limit the network capacity. Assuming that each transmitter and/or receiver uses a multi-element transmit/receive antenna array, in this paper we describe a spatial processing technique that allows a receiver to concurrently form multiple high gain beams in the direction of different transmitters. Each beamformer can be designed in such a way that it provides high gain toward a single selected data source while nulling out the other sources. The resulting technique is shown to lead to higher traffic carrying capacity in a wireless network as a result of increased signal-to-interference ratio in the presence of multiple concurrent transmitters. While the proposed technique can be applied to any type of wireless network, the paper’s primary focus is on wireless sensor network topologies for supporting sensor data fusion by forming ad-hoc clusters of sensor nodes.