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Natural killer T cells suppress zymosan A‐mediated granuloma formation in the liver by modulating interferon‐γ and interleukin‐10

Wild‐type (WT) and CD1d−/− [without natural killer (NK) T cells] mice were treated with zymosan A to induce granuloma formation in the liver. Increased granuloma formation was seen in NKT‐less mice on days 7 and 14 after administration. WT mice showed limited granuloma formation, and zymosan A eventually induced NKT cell accumulation as identified by their surface marker (e.g. CD1d‐tetramer). Zymosan A augmented the expression of Toll‐like receptor 2 on the cell surface of both macrophages and NKT cells. One possible reason for accelerated granuloma formation in NKT‐less mice was increased production of interferon‐ γ (IFN‐γ); a theory that was confirmed using IFN‐γ−/− mice. Also, zymosan A increased interleukin‐10 production in WT mice, which suppresses IFN‐γ production. Taken together, these results suggest that NKT cells in the liver have the potential to suppress zymosan A‐mediated granuloma formation.