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Effect of runner design on metal flow into cavity

The runner design is very important to secure the optimum metal charge into cavity. Typical runner designs include (1) linear, (2) fan, (3) T-shaped or (4) ramified runner. Among them, a linear runner can easily make the uniform metal flow throughout its cross-section, while the uniform flows of the other three runners cannot be always satisfied. A designer assumes the filled flow satisfying the equation of continuity across the runner, but it is not always the case. The runner flow analysis considering the metal distribution to the gates of a cavity has not been reported before. In this research, the said four runner designs are simulated by the flow analysis software. The important thing is found that the appropriate injection velocity (critical runner speed) before the gate for each runner design exists. The fan angle vs. the injection speed relation for fan runners and the width vs. the injection speed relation for T-shaped runners are analyzed. For ramified runners, the metal distribution depending on the injection speed is analyzed and the critical runner speed is found considering the requirement of the equation of continuity.