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Bladder augmentation in children: where have we been and where are we going?

This important linkage between bladder augmentation and CIC cannot be overemphasized. Indeed, the most important single factor in planning bladder reconstruction in young patients is establishing the potential for effective CIC. However, given the assurance that CIC can be used effectively, details of bladder augmentation are discussed which include the indications, type of material (gastrointestinal, autoaugmentation, ureter, engineered tissue), consequences of augmentation cystoplasty and even what the future will hold.