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The Italian Silence

Who are the Italians engaged in critical thinking today? It almost takes an Italianist to answer. The intellectual leadership of the French in the postwar years has left Italy's contributions in a dark shadow, and one must reject the francophobia that attributes this to the greater efficiency and arrogance with which the French have always promoted their culture, especially abroad, like a consumer product.' The reasons are more substantial. The situation in Europe today recalls that of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when the Montagne St. Genevieve swarmed with masters and students engaged in dialectic, scriptural exegesis and speculative theology. One recalls some of the master dialecticians: Guillaume de Champeaux, Abelard, Anselm, Albertus Magnus, Bonaventura, Thomas Aquinas, Siger de Brabant, and others. Scholars in Italy who were not fortunate enough to migrate north eventually found ways to get their hands on the great commentaries coming out of Paris, the center of critical discourse throughout the medieval period. But the intellectual surge of the Middle Ages left its lasting mark in Italy not on the local scholastics but rather on the poets.