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[Immune markers in preclinical phases of diabetes type 1. Role of cytokines, adhesion molecules and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in the pathogenesis and prediction of insulin-dependent diabetes].

Multidirectional studies estimating the alterations of cellular immune system in the preclinical phase of type 1 diabetes mellitus create the possibilities for better understanding the mechanisms of the auto-aggression process leading to the pancreatic beta cells destruction and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus development. In the present review we analyse the recent studies concerning the alterations of the cellular immune markers (ex. peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets, cytokines production or adhesion molecules expression, etc...), which could reflect an early stages of autoimmune process and better identify people at risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In summary we suggest that the measurements of new immune markers of prediabetes, together with the estimation of the pancreatic auto-antibodies, genetic risk and age of the studied subjects give the possibility for the better early diagnosis of the people at high risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus development. There is an increasing hope that these markers are useful for the estimation of the efficacy of the preventive therapeutic procedures aiming to type 1 diabetes mellitus protection.