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Spatial distribution of malaria indicators in Ethiopia in 2009-2013

Background: Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. This study examines the spatial and temporal pattern of malaria distribution to generate useful spatial distribution of malaria indicators to support decision making concerning malaria control and monitoring in Ethiopia. Methods: spatial statistics tools like spatial Autocorrelation, Global Moran’s I index and GetisOrd Gi* were used for analysis by using ArcGIS Software. We examine the global and local pattern of malaria indicator distribution in 77 zone and 679 woredas in Ethiopia using malaria data collected by Ethiopian Public Health Institute from 2009-2013. Result: Map of all malaria indicators were extracted based on their statistical significant during the study period. During 2009-2013 total malaria cases, total malaria inpatient, total malaria death, total malaria suspected and p.falciparum distribution were nonsignificant. During 2009-2013 cold spot category exhibited downward trend whereas high risk and hot spot category exhibited upward trend. During 20122013 all malaria indicators such as total malaria cases, total malaria outpatient, total malaria inpatient; total malaria death, total malaria suspected, and p.falciparum and p.vivax distribution were clustered. Conclusion: Malaria hot spot and high risks are displayed as risk maps that are useful for controlling and spatial targeting of malaria prevention and control measures against the disease. The study recommended priority control in 29 hot spot and 51 high risk reporting zones. The result of this study can be used as an input for the future work by integrating with altitude, temperature and humidity.