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Scott Ury. Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jews . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012. 448 pp.

provide the period’s most advanced model of interethnic symbiosis” (128). That last word—symbiosis—appears a lot in this book, linking Dynner’s work to that of scholars like Rose Lehmann and Sean Martin, who have long been urging us to break away from old dichotomies that either idealized PolishJewish relations or cast the two communities as perpetually poised on the edge of hatred and violence. The picture we get from Yankel’s Tavern is one in which familiarity, mistrust, friendliness, rivalry, intimacy, and hostility are all equally important, with no single characterization sufficient to capture the nuances of the intertwined lives in these small east European villages. Dynner tells us about peasants using violence against tavern keepers suspected of cheating, as well as stories of tavern keepers who really did engage in some less-than-admirable practices. He relates tales of late nights in the inns, with the songs alternating between Yiddish and Polish, but he also explains how the practice of buying liquor on credit led to simmering tensions on all sides. Above all, he offers a story of nuance and complexity, one that defies any attempt to squeeze it into the simplistic dualities that have long weakened both Polish and Jewish history. This alone should place Yankel’s Tavern on everyone’s must-read list.