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Problems and solutions in the classification of compensatory strategies

It has been common practice to classify communication strategies (CmS) by means of taxonomies which are largely product-oriented. In such taxonomies different types of achievement strategies (also known as compensatory strategies (CpS)) are distinguished on the basis of the resources (source language, target language, gestures) which are used to encode the strategy, and the linguistic structure in which the strategy is couched. In this paper it will be argued that these taxonomies are inadequate for a number of practical and theoretical reasons. As an alternative, a process-oriented approach towards the classification and study of CpS will be proposed. This approach distinguishes between two basic strategy types only, conceptual and linguistic. It will be demonstrated that the choice between these two strategies is largely constrained by the nature of the experimental task and, to a much smaller extent, by the subjects' foreign language proficiency level. It is expected that a systematic study of these constraints in terms of the process-oriented taxonomy described here will increase our ability to explain and predict CpS use.