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A 2 minute surgical hand scrub was associated with higher, but not clinically significant, bacteria counts compared with a 3 minute hand scrub

Intervention Participants were allocated to 2 minute or 3 minute scrub times for a first trial, and after a minimum of 7 days were allocated to the alternative scrub time. Participants, under the supervision of the study investigators, scrubbed at sinks equipped with timers, and used a scrub protocol based on existing guidelines by the Association of Operating Room Nurses, the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the US Food and Drug Administration. 10 participants used 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as a scrub agent, and 15 participants who had previously experienced skin reactions used scrub agents that were less irritating (eg, 2% CHG or parachlorometaxylenol). Participants then put on sterile surgical gloves and completed their regular duties, but had no patient or surgical field contact. Main outcome measures Bacterial growth under the surgical gloves was measured using the “glove juice sampling” procedure. After participants wore the gloves for 1 hour, 50 ml of sterile solution was introduced into the glove of the participant’s non-dominant hand; the glove was then secured at the wrist with a rubber band, and the participant vigorously rubbed the hand for 1 minute. Sample dilutions of 0.5 ml, 0.1 ml, and 0.05 ml were plated and incubated for 48 hours. Colony forming units were counted by hand, averaged for plate counts, and converted into log10 values.