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Turkish political parties and elections: Half a century of multiparty democracy

Competitive politics in Turkey began in 1950 and has since developed in an environment of rapid socioeconomic change. It has been characterized by polarization and increasing party fragmentation. The system has manifested an intertwining of elite factionalism with religious and ethnic cleavages among the masses, producing electoral volatility. The military retains a significant role in the wake of several past interventions.