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SEASONAL VARIATION IN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND MACROPHYTES OF GUTHIA TAAL, BAHRAICH (U.P.)

: Seasonal variations in primary and macrophytes biomass were carried out during July, 2019 to June, 2020. Grass primary productivity 3 (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) ranged from 54.27 to 92.36 mgC/m /3hr and 34.95 to 59.59 3 mgC/m /3hr, respectively. The respiration (R) value and chlorophyll concentration varied between 3 3 15.32 and 34.16 mgC/m /3hr and 0.0047 and 0.149 mg pig/m in respectively. The primary productivity rate was maximum during summer season denote the peak of phytoplankton, macrophytes, higher values of light intensity, temperature and chlorophyll concentration. The minimum rate of primary productivity was observed during monsoon season.


INTRODUCTION
According to Cowardin et al. (1979) wetlands are defined as lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, where the water label is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. They are rich source of primary producers. Wetlands are very productive ecosystems, which help in the regulation of biological cycles, maintenance of water quality, nutrient movement and support for food chains. Wetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment and the associated plants and animal life (Kumar et al., 2015). Wetlands are important components of watersheds and provide many valuable functions to the environment and society.
Wetlands support vast the biodiversity that has different values, necessary for ecological balance and human survival (Verma, 2015(Verma, , 2017(Verma, , 2018. The wetlands also influence the overall climate. The climate change has a huge impact on biodiversity (Prakash and Srivastava, 2019). The biodiversity conservation is required for sustainable development (Verma, 2019) and survival of plants and animals because biodiversity is the foundation of human life (Verma and Prakash, 2020). The wetlands occur where the water table is at or near the surface of the land, or where the land is covered by water. Wetlands are among the world's most productive environments (Verma and Prakash, 2018) and provide food and shelter to organisms that thrive

SEASONAL VARIATION IN PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND
MACROPHYTES OF GUTHIA TAAL, BAHRAICH (U.P.) in. The wetlands like lake etc. are of utmost importance for several reasons. They represent only a part of our land bases but they provide shelter to a great number of plant and animal species including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and invertebrate species. Now-a-days wetlands and other deep water habitats is globally a subject of great ecological interest due to their socio-economic values and ecosystem services which has necessitated the need for reliable broad based information on their ecological status. The ecological functioning of these ecosystems has been greatly affected by the growing anthropogenic activities.
Primary productivity is defined as the rate at which organic matter is created dry producer in an ecosystem whereby low energy inorganic carbon is converted to high energy organic carbon form. Primary productivity of an ecosystem is the radiation energy stored by photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton (Odum, 1977). The entire diverse life depends on this phenomenon either directly or indirectly. Thus primary productivity is a mass of new organic matter synthesized through carbon assimilation by chlorophyll bearing aquatic plants which serve as primary producers in an aquatic food chain and thus act as keystone species in the ecosystem.
Primary productivity of a particular water body gives quantitative information about the amount of energy available to support bioactivity of the system. In India, contributions to the productivity and diversity of macrophytes were made by Sreenivasan (1965), Pandey and Singh (1978), Bhargava and Saxena (1987), Deka (2017) and Singh and Singh (2020). Due to urbanization and anthropogenic pressure most of the wetlands are succumbed to greater degree of biologically active nutrient accumulation.  Sampling Sites: To study the primary productivity of Guthia taal, three sampling sites (i.e. S-1 at Ruknapur, S-2 at Guthia and S-3 at Dihawa Sher Bhadur Si villages) were selected. The primary productivity was measured with well known light and dark bottle method of Gaarder and Gran (1927). Initial dissolved oxygen values were recorded from each site by Winkler method. Light and dark bottles were submerged for three hours, after which they were withdrawn and the final dissolved oxygen in each was measured on spot. The oxygen production values were converted into its carbon equivalents using a factor of 0.375.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The seasonal values of productivity, respiration rate, chlorophyll contents and biomass of macrophytes of Guthia Taal are given in the Table 1.

Productivity:
The primary productivity of an aquatic system is the rate of radiation energy, which is stored by photosynthetic activities of phytoplankton (Odum, 1971    The GPP and NPP were maximum in summer season, moderate in winter season and minimum in monsoon season in all the three sites. During the present study, the maximum value of GPP and NPP was observed during summer season and subsequently the lower values during monsoon season which corresponds to the intensity of light energy. Lower rate of primary production during monsoon season is the result of limitation of sunshine period and low light energy due to interruption of clouds. Subsequently, the dilution effect of rain on phytoplankton density and as well as the increased in allochthonous turbidity from nearby area are prime causes of lowering the primary productivity in monsoon season. Thus, in the present study high productivity was due to high temperature (Shukla and Pawar, 2001) and low in spite of high concentration of nutrients in monsoon season (Saijo and Kawashima, 1964). Similar observations were made by Bhargava and Saxena (1987), and Shukla and Pawar (2001). The maximum rate of production in summer months coincided with the peak of phytoplankton and macrophytes, higher values of light intensity, higher temperature and high value of chlorophyll concentration. The steep fall of phytoplankton population, biomass, low values of transparency and light intensity during monsoon months were reflected in the minimum rate of primary production (Shukla and Pawar, 2001). Higher respiration values (R) were observed during the summer season and low values were recorded in the monsoon season. The maximum chlorophyll concentration was observed in summer season and minimum in rainy season. After monsoon, w i t h t h e i n c r e a s e i n p h y t o p l a n k t o n concentration the rate of production is also increased. Higher growth of algal biomass results in higher primary productivity (Deka, 2017