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Dispensable role of the NF-kappa B sites in the UV-induction of the HIV- 1 LTR in transgenic mice

We have previously reported the epidermis-specific expression of the HIV-1 LTR in transgenic mice and its induction by UV-B rays. To dissect the underlying mechanism of the UV induction of the LTR in mice, we developed two approaches. We first demonstrated by gel mobility shift analysis, using mice epidermal extracts, that the NF-kappa B sites of the HIV-1 LTR were one of the targets of the UV induction. The Sp-1 sites and the potential AP-1 sites of the LTR were not involved in this phenomenon. The transient transfection assays of modified LTR in HeLa cells also demonstrated the involvement of the NF-kappa B sites in the UV induction and were consistent with previously published data. Secondly, to study the regulation acting on an integrated gene, we generated transgenic mice carrying the lacZ gene under the control of the partially deleted LTR. All the transgenic lines and unexpectedly those carrying the LTR deleted for the kappa B sites displayed a UV-inducible epidermal expression. This suggests that, in mice, the UV induction might be mediated through other sites than the kappa B sites and may also depend on changes of the chromatin state.