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Modeling the Impact of Metallic Plasmonic Resonators on the Solar Conversion Efficiencies of Semiconductor Photoelectrodes: When Does Introducing Buried Plasmonic Nanostructures Make Sense?

It is well established that plasmonic nanoparticles embedded in a semiconductor can, under certain conditions, increase the rate of charge carrier collection in electrocatalysts bound to the semiconductor surface by changing the depth at which photons are absorbed in the semiconductor. One mechanism that leads to this effect is the injection of photon energy into the semiconductor by near-field and scattering effects induced by plasmonic metal nanoparticles. It is also well-known that these metallic plasmonic materials are also photon absorbers that can dissipate the incident electromagnetic energy into heat, which can make them into relatively efficient parasitic absorbers. Therefore, it is not clear under what circumstances plasmonic nanostructures should enhance the quantum efficiencies of semiconductors. We have developed a physically transparent model to demonstrate when introducing buried plasmonic metal nanoparticles into semiconductors is beneficial to improving the photon conversion efficiency. T...