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Carl Schmitt and the clash of civilizations: the missing context

Scholarship on Carl Schmitt tends either to contextualize obsessively his Weimar-era work to convict or exonerate vis-à-vis fascism, or effectively decontextualize it in the service of buttressing contemporary political theoretical projects. While both approaches have produced interesting work, this paper argues that both have missed key elements. An important and hitherto largely unexamined context for Schmitt's enduring series of interwar writings was the widespread European concern over the threat posed to Western civilization by Bolshevism. This is shown by analysing Schmitt's texts from the period both internally, and comparatively with other influential contemporary writers, who also predicted a European–Bolshevik ‘clash of civilizations’ as the conceptual order of future politics.