{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01348314606741573, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 6.185483870967742, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Direct evidence of electromigration failure mechanism in dual-damascene Cu interconnect tree structures

In situ secondary electron microscope (SEM) characterizations were carried out to study electromigration failure mechanism in dual-damascene Cu interconnect tree structures, which are important for reliability assessment as well as design optimizations of on-chip interconnects. Direct evidence of electromigration-induced degradation in interconnect tree structure consisting of void nucleation and void movement in opposite direction to electron flow along the Cu∕SiNx interface was unraveled. The peculiar electromigration behavior of Cu interconnect tree structures can be clearly understood based on this mechanism. Dependence of electromigration mechanism of a segment in a Cu interconnect tree on current configuration in neighboring interconnect segment is discussed in detail.