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Growth, biochemistry, and morphology of isolated rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells maintained in the presence or absence of serum

Arterial smooth muscle cells undergo marked biochemical and morphological changes upon culturing. We have studied the time course of these changes in smooth muscle cells isolated from normal rabbit aortas by enzymic digestion and then maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with or without 10% rabbit serum. Subcultured smooth muscle cells were also examined. Isolated cells cultured in the presence of serum multiply rapidly and by 9 days exhibit features typical of subcultured cells including multilayered growth, elevated marker enzyme activities of subcellular organelles, and proliferation of organelles. In contrast, isolated cells cultured in the absence of serum remain quiescent, as indicated by the low level (<10%) of 3H‐thymidine incorporation into nuclei and constant DNA content of the cultures. These cells spread slowly to form a monolayer of randomly oriented cells and they retain differentiated morphological features. Their enzyme activities remain at the levels of those of freshly isolated cells initially, but by 5 days some enzyme activities increase, in particular those of the acid hydrolases and catalase. Rates of pinocytosis and protein synthesis in these cells are comparable to those of cells maintained in serum‐supplemented medium for the same period, but are significantly less than those measured in subcultured cells. Within 5 days, morphological alterations in the serum‐deprived cells occur including the presence of increased numbers of lysosomes. Quiescent cultures of enzymically isolated cells may be a useful tool for short‐term biochemical and physiological studies of differentiated arterial smooth muscle cells.