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Tidally Induced Overflow of the Faroese Channels Bottom Water Over the Wyville Thomson Ridge

An overflow of dense cold water from the Faroese Channels across the Wyville Thomson Ridge (WTR) into the Rockall Trough was recorded during the 136th cruise of the RRS James Cook in June 2016. This event happened in the eastern part of the ridge. The remotely operated vehicle ISIS deployed for a collection of coral samples recorded an abrupt drop in temperature at 500-m depth. Specifically, the water temperature decreased from 8.73 to 6.74 ∘C and salinity from 35.26 to 35.16. This rapid drop happened over 20 min, with the fastest rate of water temperature decrease of 1.10 ∘C occurring just over 1 min 50 s. The numerical modeling conducted to reproduce the event has shown that a massive overflow took place in the WTR section, which is close to the Darwin Mounds. The overflow has led to resuspension of bottom sediments; the remotely operated vehicle sampling program in the area of the Darwin Mounds terminated due to low visibility. The numerical experiments have shown that tidally induced overflows over the WTR can occur periodically under spring tidal conditions. The model allowed us to identify two places in the eastern part of the WTR where the tidally driven overflows more realistically can happen. Plain Language Summary The paper concerns deep water circulation in Northern Atlantic. A rare event of the Faroe-Shetland Bottom Waters overflow through the Wyville Thomson Ridge to the Darwin Mounds was registered during the 136th cruise of the Royal Research Ship James Cook in June 2016. The overflow was observed in the eastern segment of the Wyville Thomson Ridge. The reason for a spillage of the cold bottom waters from the Faroese Channels over the Wyville Thomson Ridge to the Darwin Mound is discussed in the paper based on the observational data and the results of numerical modeling. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model reproduced the baroclinic tidal processes developed in the area. Numerical experiments confirmed a high probability of overflows induced by cross-channel tidal oscillations during spring tidal conditions.