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The statistical analysis of cytomorphological traits in the distant apple and pear F1 and F2 hybrids (Malus x Pyrus) from artificial and spontaneous outcrosses

Abstract—The complex morphometrical traits of leaf epidermal tissue in species forms Pyrus communis L. and Malus baccata Borkh. were studies to establish statistically significant differences. These traits can serve as a marker selective indicator of saturation degree estimation in a complex of genes from each parental species, combined in hybrid progeny genotypes by distant hybridization. The stomatal density in leaf epidermal tissue has the most variability among studied morphometric traits of apple and pear wild forms and their hybrids. A mode, kurtosis and skewness of numerical data series are most appropriate to use for a comprehensive statistical analysis of variation curves, obtained from study of different genotypes by the quantitative traits of stomatal guard cells. The differentiation of genotypes into groups, graphically shown in a shape of polymodal variation curves, was noticed among the population of F2 hybrids. The progeny from free pollination of F1 hybrids has the largest values of stomatal morphological traits such as the widest data series, the coefficient of variation and the variance. A tendency of partial deviation in stomatal quantitative traits and stomatal index in the studied F2 hybrids between apple and pear in the direction of a female parent was revealed.