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Identification of a role for a mouse sperm surface aldo‐keto reductase (AKR1B7) and its human analogue in the detoxification of the reactive aldehyde, acrolein

Mouse vas deferens protein (AKR1B7), a member of the aldo‐keto reductase family, was purified to homogeneity. Antibodies raised to AKR1B7 revealed an aldo‐keto reductase on the human sperm surface, while confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that this enzyme covered the entire human sperm surface and was concentrated on the mid‐piece. Further functional characterisation of a recombinant form of AKR1B7 showed that the likely role of AKR1B7 is the reduction of the reactive aldehyde, acrolein, a by‐product of spermine catabolism in the reproductive tract. A similar acrolein detoxification activity was displayed by human sperm membrane extracts but was not present in seminal plasma. These results indicate that human sperm possess an aldo‐keto reductase on their membrane surface and are thus enzymatically protected against reactive aldehyde species both in the male and female reproductive tract.