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PROGRESS IN STELLAR CHROMOSPHERES OBSERVED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL ULTRAVIOLET EXPLORER SATELLITE.

The historical knowledge gathered over the past two decades of visible spectrum studies, predominantly at Ca II H and K, combined with detailed theoretical models and high spectrum-and spatial-resolution work on the solar atmosphere from space provide the framework for ultraviolet measurements from IUE for furthering our understanding of the solar-and-stellar activity connection. Quantitative measurements of the behavior of stellar chromospheric and coronal emission can be investigated as a function of stellar parameters such as age, rotation rate, and mass. Together the visible and ultraviolet spectra probe the stellar atmospheres as a function of height and reveal the energy budget in a variety of late-type stars. Atmospheric inhomogeneities such as stellar active areas, spots, and flares can be profitably studied in the ultraviolet and visible. At high spectrum resolutions with IUE, the dynamics of the outer atmospheres, including stellar winds and mass outflows, yield constraints on global models for mass loss in late-type stars.