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ACCUMULATION AND PERSISTENCE OF SULFUR35 IN PEACH FOLIAGE AND FRUIT SPRAYED WITH RADIOLABELED DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE

In field tests, under relatively severe disease conditions, oxytetracycline satisfactorily controlled bacterial spots (Xanthomonas pruni) on peaches without harmful injury. This control was significantly enhanced by adding the biologically inactive solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the antibiotic sprays.’ To learn about the accumulation, persistence, and residues of DMSO, we conducted the study reported here. A 2% aqueous solution of DMSO (specific activity 31.8 pc/mmol) was sprayed alone and in combination with 132 ppm oxytetracycline on 6-year-old, field-grown seedling trees of Shippers Late Red peach. The treatments were replicated three times on selected branches that had 25 mature leaves, 7 fruit, and either 2 or 4 terminal shoots. Sprays were applied three times at weekly intervals, at a pressure of 70 psi, and were stopped at the beginning of the runoff. The addition of oxytetracycline to the sprays of [35S]DMS0 did not significantly change the amount of radioactivity recovered. The sprayed leaves accumulated more radioactivity than the fruit. Radioactivity in the leaves increased substantially with the second application, but 80% was lost within 1 week. The third application again significantly increased the 35S (about as much as the second application had increased it); however, 90% of this radioactivity was lost by the end of 2 weeks. Most of the DMSO disappeared from the fruit soon after each spray, but the small portion that remained increased with each additional application. We calculated the amount of dimethyl sulfoxide in the mature fruit on the basis of the 35S determined, assuming that all 35S was present as [35S]DMS0. These calculations show that 4 weeks after a single application, 7.4 ppm DMSO remained. Three weeks after two applications 15.4 ppm remained, compared with 34.9 ppm 2 weeks after three applications. Only 1-2% of the radioactivity applied to leaves and fruit could be recovered from the adjacent unsprayed (bagged) leaves and fruit 2, 3, and 4 weeks after application.