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Dispersion of tailings from the Walton Ba-Cu-Pb-Zn mine site , Nova Scotia

The Magnet Cove Mine, located near Walton in Hants County, Nova Scotia, produced a total of 4 Mt barite and 0.36 M t of Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag sulphide ore between 1941 and 1978. Currently, primary dispersion of heavy metals from the mine site is by small-scale physical transport of tailings and flocculants into Rainy Cove Brook. Evidence from aerial photographs (1945-1992) indicates that much larger scale dispersion occurred during the life of the mine. Sediment samples collected from the tailings impoundments and local streams, and analysed by AAS and by and combination of ICP and INAA methods, show that downstream sediments are geochemically almost indistinguishable from tailings. Both are moderately to highly anomalous in Ba, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Zn, and in the associated trace metals Ag, As, Sb, Co, and Ni. Mean metal enrichments of downstream over upstream sediments are about 5x for Cu, Pb, and Zn, lOx for Mn, and up to 40x for Ba. Water samples from upstream, downstream, and on-site locations were analysed by ICP-MS and show that Rainy Cove Brook is contaminated by open-pit and on-site water. The open-pit water shows strong enrichment in TDS (total dissolved solids), and also in Se, As, Co, Ni, Cr, V, and U. In contrast, downstream water is moderately enriched in TDS, and slightly enriched only in As, Th, and U. Mixing of pit water with slightly more acidic waters from on-site and upstream tributaries apparently triggers precipitation of Fe-Mn hydroxides which reduce (probably by adsorption) concentrations of heavy metals in solution. Other factors which have contributed to natural amelioration include the stabilisation of the flood plain of Rainy Cove Brook and its reversion to a wetland since closure of the mine.