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The Coral Reefs and Livelihoods Initiative (CORALI) - Building an Improved Approach to Livelihood Enhancement and Diversification with Coral Reef Users in South Asia and the Andaman Sea

Diversification of economic activities, at the household and community levels, away from a high dependence on the exploitation of natural resources, is gradually being recognised by many governments and development specialists as a path leading to greater economic growth, as well as an indicator of it. In terms of poverty reduction, diversification is seen both as a coping strategy of the poor to deal with increasing uncertainty in rural areas as a result of natural resource degradation, increasing competition and the encroachment of global influences; and as a development strategy for enabling the poor to graduate out of poverty (IMM et al. 2005). In addition, government agencies and NGOs concerned with the conservation of natural resources are beginning to recognise the potential of livelihood diversification as a mechanism to encourage people to move away from the harmful exploitation and degradation of those resources. Indeed, ensuring adequate and effective support to livelihoods development remains one of the main challenges to coral reef conservation. The process of generating viable and sustainable livelihood strategies – for whatever reason is not straightforward for the people whose livelihoods may need to change, nor for agencies that try to assist them. It is a challenge that requires both an understanding of the complexity of livelihood change and also an approach that can address this complexity in a systematic way. This paper provides a brief overview of the Coral Reef and Livelihoods Initiative (CORALI) and then describes the evolution of knowledge about the complexity of livelihood change that has underpinned the development of an approach to supporting Sustainable Livelihood Enhancement and Diversification (SLED). The paper then describes the research process that has been designed to further develop a SLED approach and presents some of the