{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.01804123711340206, 'fraction_numerical': 0.002577319587628866, 'mean_word_length': 5.390946502057613, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Tuberculosis Infection in a Patient with Lung Cancer under PD-L1 Inhibition: A Case Report

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made a great novelty in the treatment 
of various cancer types, showing favourable outcomes and good tolerance by 
cancer patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance and promote anti-tumor 
immunity, which can result in a wide range of adverse events, termed as 
immune-related adverse events, which are characterized by excessive immunity 
response. Although immune related adverse events are not considered to be originated from infectious causes, 
cases of cancer patients developing active tuberculosis during treatment with 
immune checkpoint inhibitors have been reported. Aim: The aim of the 
current case report is to highlight the importance of including opportunistic 
infections, such as tuberculosis, in the differential diagnosis of 
complications in the treatment of cancer patients receiving 
immunotherapy. Case presentation: This case report 
describes a 62-year-old Caucasian male patient who developed active pulmonary 
tuberculosis after treatment with Durvalumab, an anti-programmed death cell 
ligand-1 antibody, administered as therapy for non small cell lung cancer. The 
diagnosis was challenging because of the fact that the clinical presentation 
and the radiographic imaging were compatible with disease progression. Conclusion: Screening for active or latent tuberculosis should be part of everyday practice 
before the initial administration of immunotherapy in oncologic patients.