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Reactive power performance requirements for wind and solar plants

A current challenge faced by the electric utility industry is to determine how variable generation plants (wind and solar) should contribute to the reliable operation of the electric grid, especially as penetration of these resources continues its upward trend. Traditionally, bulk system voltage regulation has predominately been supplied by synchronous generators, and this is reflected in the language of industry requirements. Where variable generation is concerned the requirements are vague and unclear. The technology used in variable generation plants are capable of providing voltage support, but will require a shift from how these plants are traditionally operated. This paper discusses the capability of wind and solar plants to provide voltage regulation. It also examines the deficiencies in existing standards and provides recommendations to improve upon existing requirements in order to clearly define the role of variable generation in providing voltage support to the bulk electric grid.