{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.018259935553168637, 'fraction_numerical': 0.01288936627282492, 'mean_word_length': 4.9743589743589745, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Civil-Military Relations in the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco: The Road to the Spanish Civil War, 1912-1936

This article focuses on civil-military relations in the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco in the early decades of the twentieth century. Its aim is not only to recover a historical approach to civil-military relations that seems underrepresented in recent studies, but also to contribute to an explanation of the origins of the Spanish Civil War using current civil-military relations theory. It is argued that the rebellion against the Second Republic in Morocco (July 1936), which triggered the Spanish Civil War, was a consequence of a long-term struggle between civilians and the military in the Protectorate rather than a sudden reaction of the Colonial Army prompted by threats of social revolution in mainland Spain. It is also argued that the attitude of the Moroccan population was crucial to explain its success.