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[In vitro methods for testing of plant derived, bacterial and synthetic agents and toxins with the use of leukocyte primary cell cultures and cell lines].

In this article a variety of in vitro methods is presented to test bacterial, plant-derived and synthetic products on eukaryotic cells. These in vitro methods give a lot of valuable information and thus in some cases may substitute for animal experiments. The influence of plant-derived substances on the macromolecular cellular syntheses (RNA-, DNA- and protein syntheses) and on cell membranes (incorporation of oleate into membrane lecithin, histamine release, cell lysis) was investigated. The in vitro experiments were performed on primary leucocyte cultures with lima bean lectins, suzukacillin, trichotoxin, alamethicin, cianidanol, and beta-hydroxy-ethylrutoside. Also various cell activating compounds were used to test the stimulation of mitosis and the production of immunoglobulins in B-lymphocytes: lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), lipoprotein, and the synthetic lipoprotein analogues tripalmitoyl pentapeptide (TPP) and tripalmitoyl cysteine (TPC). Moreover we studied the effects of these substances on the incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into the cell membrane constituents. Plant-derived and synthetic metal-complexing agents and polyethyleneglycols were also tested for synergistic or inhibitory effects on mitogen activated primary cell cultures and lymphoid cell lines. In many cases, the conclusions from the in vitro experiments may be extended to predict the results of in vivo experiments. In some cases, in vitro results are definitive, therefore experiments with animals can be avoided.