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Regulatory T cells alleviate allergic airway hyper‐responsiveness by modulating angiogenesis in airway remodelling

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) have been shown to prevent allergic asthma; however, the role of Treg in airway remodelling resulted from repeated asthmatic episodes is unknown. Increased pulmonary vasculature is seen in airway remodelling and is directly linked to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). This study investigated the role of Treg in remodelling angiogenesis by using an ova albumin (OVA) chronic asthma model and OVA‐TCR transgenic DO11.10 mice. At chronic phase of the model, airway epithelial and muscle hyperplasia, mucus metaplasia, matrix deposition, increased pulmonary vasculature and AHR were found. When activated DO11.10 Treg were transferred at the chronic stage, leukocyte infiltration by OVA challenge was inhibited and AHR was alleviated. Pulmonary vasculature, but not the epithelial‐mesenchymal components, was significantly reduced by Treg transfer (P<0.001). Anti‐angiogenesis of Treg was verified by Matrigel plug and Matrigel tube assays; both showed significantly decreased vessel formation at the presence of Treg (P<0.001). Do11.10 Treg secreted IL‐10 and TGF‐β and inhibited T cell proliferation via cell contacts, suggesting possible anti‐angiogenesis mechanism of Treg. This study demonstrates that in addition to suppressing airway inflammation, Treg ameliorate AHR by modulating angiogenesis in airway remodelling, supporting a therapeutic role of Treg in chronic asthma.