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A fixed-viewpoint volumetric stereoscopic 3D display using adaptive optics

The design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of a volumetric stereoscopic 3D display is discussed. Pixels rendered from different ranges of distance, or depth fields, in the 3D scene and are displayed field-sequentially. An adaptive optics element is used to modulate wavefront curvature for each field such that its optical distance matches its depth in the 3D scene. This allows the observer to accommodate (focus) to various depths in the scene in the same way as they do in under natural viewing conditions. The enabling of appropriate accommodation is particularly useful in stereoscopic 3D displays. These are prone to the problem of accommodation-convergence conflict, hypothesised as leading cause of visual discomfort. The system has been implemented in a binocular design, i.e. fixed-viewpoint rather than autostereoscopic, using commercially-available liquid crystal microdisplays and deformable mirror adaptive optics components.