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Transmission potential of Mayaro virus by Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus from United States


 Background Mayaro virus (MAYV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) is an emerging pathogen endemic in South American countries. The increase in intercontinental travel and tourism-based forest excursions has resulted in an increase in MAYV spread, with imported cases observed in Europe and North America. Intriguingly, no local transmission of MAYV has been reported outside South America, despite the presence of potential vectors.Methods We assessed the vector competence of Aedes albopictus from New York and Anopheles quadrimaculatus for MAYV. Results We showed that Aedes albopictus from New York and Anopheles quadrimaculatus are competent vectors for MAYV. However, Aedes albopictus was more susceptible to infection. Transmission rates increased with time for both species with rates of 37.21% and 64.44% for Aedes albopictus, and 31.11% and 46.34% for Anopheles quadrimaculatus, respectively, at 7 and 14 days-post-infection. Conclusions Our results suggest there is a risk of further MAYV spread throughout the Americas and autochthonous transmission in the United States. Preventive measures such as mosquito surveillance of MAYV will be essential for early detection.