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Characterization and Fabrication of Pb-Based Perovskites Solar Cells under Atmospheric Condition and Stability Enhancement

Optimization of Graphene concentration in optoelectronic properties has been studied which leads to progressive stability based on Graphene-CH3NH3PbI3 employing nanoparticles perovskites solar cells in this work. CH3NH3PbI3 wafer-based hetero-junction solar cells were developed under atmospheric conditions using Graphite as a hole transport layer (HTL) and TiO2 as an electron transport layer (ETL). In particular a considerable enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE < 0.01%) has been realized using optimum Graphene concentration (0.05 g/ml). The charge injection rate is radically faster for the particular Graphene composition than the pristine perovskites, which exposes ephemeral absorption in near to UV range. Graphene incorporation increased the average crystallite size and reduced the band gap 1.32 eV in the visible range. The expensive metals such as Ag and Au have been replaced by simple ITO, which tremendously reduces the fabrication cost of the PSCs. The fabricated devices were exposed to high conservation stability without cell encapsulation ambient condition for 150 days to show excellent stability.