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Sexual Dimorphism of Doxorubicin‐Induced Acute Systemic Inflammation

There is inconclusive evidence about the role of sex as a risk factor of doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced toxicity. Recent experimental studies have shown that adult female rodents are protected against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, the mechanisms of this sexual dimorphism are not fully elucidated. Increasing clinical and experimental evidence suggests that inflammation contributes significantly to DOX‐induced multi‐organ toxicity. Nevertheless, the sex‐dependent effect of DOX on the expression of key inflammatory markers is still not known. Therefore, in the present study, we determined the effect of acute DOX exposure on the tissue expression and serum level of the key inflammatory markers cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha) in male and female C57Bl/6 mice.