{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.015492957746478873, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0014084507042253522, 'mean_word_length': 5.405405405405405, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Electrical and optical methods for the manipulation and analyses of single cells

This paper describes the use of focused electric fields and focused optical fields for the high-resolution manipulation of single cells. A focused electric field, obtained with the use of ultramicroelectrodes (tip diameter approximately 5 μm), is used to electroporate and electrofuse individual cells selectively and with high spatial resolution. A focused optical field, in the form of an optical tweezer, is used to isolate single organelles from a cell as well as to position liposomes incorporated with receptors and transporters along the cell for the high-resolution sampling and probing of the cellular microenvironment.