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Trends in sodium intake of adults in the Minneapolis St Paul, MN metropolitan area, 1980–2009

Trends in sodium intake were examined using data collected from the Minnesota Heart Survey, a surveillance study of trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease among probability samples of adults in the Minneapolis‐St Paul, MN metropolitan area. Surveys were conducted in 1980–82, 1985–87, 1990–92, 1995–97, 2000–02, and 2007–09. Twenty‐four hour recalls were collected to assess dietary intake, with most data collection procedures employed consistently across survey periods. Results indicate that sodium intake increased significantly between 1980–82 and 2007–09. Among men age‐adjusted mean sodium intake increased from 3402 mg/day in 1980–82 to 3976 mg/day in 2007–09 (p <0.001). Among women sodium intake increased from 2246 mg/day to 2856 mg/day over the same time period (p <0.001). These trends were consistent across age, education level, race, and body mass index strata. In summary, results suggest the sodium content of the diet has been increasing over the past twenty‐five years, with current consumption far above recommended intake levels. Efforts underway to reduce the sodium content of the American diet should be evaluated in the context of long‐term trends because early indicators of program success may potentially be a reduction in the rate of increase or achievement of a plateau followed in time by a downward shift in the trend line.