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Violent Extremism and Grievance in Sub-Saharan Africa

In the last few years, violent extremism has proliferated significantly across Sub-Saharan Africa, causing serious concern for much of the continent’s institutions. The main actors and recruits of violent extremism in this region are comprised mostly of youth. Most of the countries where violent extremist movements exist do have large populations of youth, but large youth populations do not correlate with the emergence of violent extremism. Much of the studies and reports on countries with large youth populations, such as in Sub-Saharan Africa, reveal that youth have not been adequately included in the affairs of the state in their countries. A substantial majority of these youth live their lives without significant investments by the state in terms of education, employment, social protection, healthcare, water and sanitation, and food security. The report Lions on the Move: The Progress and Potential of African Economies, by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) for the McKinsey Company, asserts that these are major challenges for the continents economies. It is widely assumed that the high unemployment rate of these youth makes them available and susceptible to recruitment by violent extremist groups of various kinds in the region.