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Organization of flexor–extensor interactions in the mammalian spinal cord: insights from computational modelling

Alternation of flexor and extensor activity in the mammalian spinal cord is mediated by two classes of genetically identified inhibitory interneurons, V1 and V2b. The V1 interneurons are essential for high‐speed locomotor activity. They secure flexor–extensor alternations in the intact cord but lose this function after hemisection, suggesting that they are activated by inputs from the contralateral side of the cord. The V2b interneurons are involved in flexor–extensor alternations in both intact cord and hemicords. We used a computational model of the spinal network, simulating the left and right rhythm‐generating circuits interacting via several commissural pathways, and extended this model by incorporating V1 and V2b neuron populations involved in flexor–extensor interactions on each cord side. The model reproduces multiple experimental data on selective silencing and activation of V1 and/or V2b neurons and proposes the organization of their connectivity providing flexor–extensor alternation in the spinal cord.