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An android-based mobile educational game for disaster preparedness: an input to risk reduction management

Received Jan 13, 2021 Revised Mar 4, 2021 Accepted Mar 13, 2021 The Philippines is one of the countries in the world who suffers in different disasters, particularly natural disasters. Every year, there are more than twenty incidents recorded in the country related to different disasters which involve numerous lives of its citizens. It is found that most Filipinos have lack of knowledge in terms of disaster preparation specially, teenagers. This paper intended to develop a mobile-based game that aims to spread awareness on what to do during disasters. Upon development, forty-five (45) respondents were chosen to test the reliability of the application which composed of elementary students, household owners, police officers, fire fighters and IT experts. Further, ISO 25010 was adapted and modified in assessing the project. The results showed that the application is strongly acceptable and gives appropriate output in terms of disaster preparation garnering a total mean of 3.83.


INTRODUCTION
Many people have suffered in the disaster for being not aware or prepared in that case. Philippine atmospheric, geophysical and astronomical services administration (PAGASA) have given the number of typhoons come in the Philippines. There has a total of 17 typhoon hit the Philippines in the year of 2016 [1]. While in the next year, there have 19 typhoons landed on the country. In the past two year they have a total of 36 typhoon touchdown in the Philippines [2]. In fire incidents, there have a total of 19,292 incidents in the year of 2016, 14,197 incidents in the year of 2017 and 15,848 in 2018 [3]. In earthquake, there have a total of 14,474 occurrences come in the Philippines in the past 3 year (2016-2018) [4]- [5].
Disaster is often considered as a problem all over the world. It also creates fewer opportunities, less access to good quality education, jobs and employment. During the interview at provincial disaster risk reduction and management office (PDRRMO) Sta. Cruz Laguna on May 16, 2018 [5].
Aside from the Philippines, other country in the world also experienced catastrophic natural phenomenon. The hurricane Katrina in the USA, the biggest earthquakes in Asia and Haiti, and the trusnami in Japan and Indonesia [6]. The problem is that, disasters always comes in an unexpected situation, yet many people are lack of knowledge on how to protect themselves or how to become prepared and aware, specifically on how to survive in unexpected situation or in unwanted event [7]. The government always lean their attention in these cases, they always warn and make programs for disaster awareness to help residences of the country on how to be aware and prepared for the upcoming disasters, yet the government initiative and perseverance to save people is not enough [8].
Most of people nowadays are commonly using digital device, some are manipulated by gadgets and other high technology devices [9]. As technology keeps on growing, people are modernized and easily adapt modern technologies. In 2017, the number of smartphone users in the Philippines is estimated to reach 30.4 million [10]. This would mean that around 82 percent of the population in the Philippines would use a Smartphone. This number is expected to rise to 40 percent by the year 2021. In the statistical information about mobile phone users in the Philippines, it shows that the number of users in the Philippines from 2015 to 2016 will get bigger and bigger until 2022.
In this modern society, people do their work faster than man power can do with the help of information technology [11]. It is easy for human to take over jobs because technology makes the work easier, faster and efficient with less error. Except of those advantage and benefits that technology can give, there are more functions that technology can do [12]- [13]. Technology can teach people through mobile applications, especially educational applications. These applications created for good purposes, particularly for teaching and learning. Mobile game is rampant and one of the most famous application worldwide to every child and youth in different countries. It is a good medium for disseminating information around the globe.
With the current state of the country, this paper aims to develop an educational mobile game application regarding natural disaster to promote awareness among the users. In particular, the project will: (a) provide an alternative tool for disseminating information regarding natural calamity through game development, (b) Design an actual occurrence of natural calamities in every level/stages of the game based on the data gathered on the risk reduction office. And lastly; (c) develop a game that will show virtual model of the actual disaster.

RESEARCH METHOD
The project focus in the development of an educational mobile-game for disaster preparedness among elementary students in the Philippines. This is to improve the cognitive skills of the students in terms of disaster response before and after it is occurred [14]. The user can access and view all the interface and functions of the game. Before playing the game, the user must have a smartphone with the minimum specification. The android application will show the user interface where the user can see the settings wherein the volume of the game's music can be adjusted, and the current high score can be viewed. Levels contains all the levels of every category. Data gathered in the PDRRMO is used as basis in every scenario or level of the game [15]. Concept of the mobile game as shown in Figure 1. The highly recommended application for developing game is unity-a multipurpose game engine that support 2d and 3d graphic design, it also allows specification of texture compression, mini maps, bump mapping, reflection mapping, parallax mapping, screen space ambient occlusion and the resolution setting of the game. The game is developed following a linear design which is common in different software development. It is compressed in three different phases namely; planning, design and implementation, and evaluation.

Planning
Report of the Philippines disaster risk reduction management office for the recent years is gathered to have a basis on what are the usual causes of severity of incidents to its casualties. Relevant and substantial materials are also identified in this part to assure that the software will be delivered accurate and reliable [16].

Design and implementation
System architecture shows the modules inside the game as shown in Figure 2. It has three (3) different modules; stage category, game settings and level of awareness result, which are all developed through the use of unity software. design and implementation involve coding and testing of software. Testing focuses on the relevance of code and compatibility of the game to different android versions and specification.

Stage category
There are three (3) different disasters that is included to the game; fire, earthquake and typhoon which are common in the Philippines. These disasters were named category in this project, also, each category correspond to the level inside the game. The users will not be able to access the next category unless the first one is finished. This is to ensure that the users or the students will be capable or understanding the first category before moving forward to another one.

Game settings
Game settings is the module where the users are capable of turning on the background music of the game or putting it on mute.

Level of awareness result
In level of awareness result module, a rating will be given to the user base on its performance in every category. The user's awareness was quantified by the game through the stages. The game will allow the user to move forward to another stage when it successfully got the correct way in every disaster. In this way, if the user did not have any idea on what to do with each disaster, it will not be allowed to do the next task which will be the process on disseminating information on what to do during the actual disaster [17]- [19].

Evaluation
Upon the development of the project, it will be tested by different elementary school students and teacher in the municipality of Los Baños, province of Laguna in the Philippines. A questionnaire is created by adapting the ISO 25010 or the software standard evaluation [20]- [21] as shown in Figure 3. In the evaluation process, students who were in grades 1-4 will be guided in answering the question to understand the question thoroughly [22]- [23]. The evaluation purpose is to identify if it is a qualified full game, free of bugs and error, and lastly, if the game meets its objective. Percentage method is adapted to interpret the evaluation results of the system, Likert Scale in Table 1.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section will show the result of the development of the mobile game and its evaluation.

Game devevlopment
The game will be called rules of disaster since in aims to provide on what should a person do during a disaster. The landing page contains the other pages of the games namely; start game, settings, highscore,  Figure 4. In Category page, the three-common disaster in the Philippines are projected. Here, the user can choose on what disaster they want to study or pursue. Every category contains problem that needs to be solve through the correct procedure that is implemented by PDRRMO as sown in Figure 5. In-game scenario is the inside of every category which contains an actual scenario of particular disaster. The problem must be solved by the user to move-on to another level. It can be solved by following the protocols recommended by the PDRRMO as shown in Figure 6.

Forward and backward testing of the game
The application is developed in android version 6.0 or Marshmallow which will be the center of the forward and backward testing. During backward testing, it is found out that the game cannot be installed in android version 4.1-4.4.4 which are android Jellybean and Kitkat. However, the game is installed and working smoothly in version 5.0 which is the android Lollipop, as shown in Table 2. In forward testing, the educational game work finely and successfully installed in android version 7.0 and up which is the android Nougat and the following versions, as shown in Table 3.

Evaluation of the game
The game is introduced to all the respondents and taught them how to play it. Based on the evaluation of different users, it is shown in Table 4, that the game is acceptable and useful to the users garnering an overall weighted mean of 3.83 [24]. The mobile game is developed with three different modules. Hence, as the main module, category page includes the action that the user may do in times of disaster. The forward and backward testing is done to ensure that that game will reach all the android users in the Philippines. Wherein, it is found out that all the present android version of mobile phones in the country is compatible with the game. A beta test is also conducted in this study to the teachers and students of different primary school in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines and found that the game is acceptable in the education sector of the country. Further, during the testing the students enjoy playing the game and memorized the requirements of it to forward in the next level [25]- [26].

CONCLUSION
Preparedness is indeed a powerful weapon to mitigate risk during disaster. It is shown in this paper, that game development can be essential in disseminating vital information to the people to raise their awareness in disaster and make them ready during disaster occurrences. After the evaluation process done by different individuals and experts, it is concluded that the developed game is acceptable in different users and can raise awareness for disaster preparedness. The author would like to recommended the use of this game in different elementary students in the Philippines to help them become more knowledgeable on what-to-do during disaster. It is also recommended that the game must be included in the program of PDRRMO in raising awareness.