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Numerical study of drop spread and rebound on heated surfaces with consideration of high pressure

The impact of a drop on a solid surface has been studied for many years. However, most of the previous numerical simulations were focused on drop impact on a surface at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure. This paper presents a numerical study of n-heptane and n-decane drops impacting solid surfaces with consideration of high temperature and high pressure using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The SPH method is validated against experiments from our work and literature. This work is focused on two typical drop-impact regimes, namely spread and rebound. Different drop impact sequences were simulated at wall temperature in the range of 27-400 {degree sign}C and ambient pressure between 1-20 bar. The difference between the inception of film boiling and liquid saturation temperature was found to decrease with elevating ambient pressure. The spread factor and apex height are investigated for the regime of spread. The results indicate that lower viscosity fluid has a smaller spread factor as compared to fluid with higher viscosity. The variation of Leidenfrost temperature with ambient pressure for both n-heptane and n-decane droplets is established numerically and compared with the trend observed in the experiment. The simulation outcomes of drop rebound for high boiling point liquid in film boiling regime at atmospheric pressure show that with the increasing wall temperature, the drop rebound height and vapor layer height increase. The numerical results indicate that the increase of ambient pressure reduces the droplet rebound velocity and rebound height.