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STRUCTURE AND ISOMERS OF CARBON

This paper discusses the ability of carbon element to form different hybridized orbital that accounts for its rich isomer and summarizes the old and new discovered carbon isomers including diamond,graphite,carbyne,fullerene and nanotubes.Heimann's triangular phase diagram on classification of isomers is also briefly introduced,in which all of carbon isomers are comprised and connected with each other only by adjusting then n value of sp n .Based on Heimann's phase diagram,the authors propose a new tetrahedron H C phase diagram,which not only can further denote the H containing amorphous carbon,but also can show the transformation process of hydrocarbon to carbon.All these studies about the inherent relation between diverse carbon isomer will generate a wealth of information and will lead to the discovery of new forms of carbon and will be of great help to interpretation of new properties of novel carbons,such as special properties of nanotubes or fullerenes.