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Research progress on etiology and establishment of mouse model of knee osteoarthritis

: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disease in the elderly. Knee osteoarthritis is mainly due to the degeneration and loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone reconstruction and periarticular osteophyte formation and other factors, resulting in joint pain, limited movement and ultimately joint dysfunction. Knee osteoarthritis is caused by multiple factors, and with the aging of the population and obesity epidemic, the number of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis patients will increase significantly. Due to the complexity and diversity of its etiology, there is a lack of effective treatment to improve or delay the progression of knee osteoarthritis. For those patients with severe pain or joint injury, only surgical treatment (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty) brings heavy burden to the economy and society. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build an ideal animal model and make an in-depth study on the pathophysiological mechanism of different etiology of the disease. Because mammals have a knee joint anatomical structure like that of human beings, and there are many loads on the lower limbs, therefore, the current researchers mainly use mammalian mice (small size, low price, strong viability, low requirements for feeding conditions, etc.) to prepare corresponding animal models for research. In this paper, through the systematic literature and summary of previous studies, the rat model of knee osteoarthritis was analyzed and summarized according to heredity, spontaneity, obesity and surgical induction through etiological classification. to provide some theoretical basis and support for follow-up experimental research.