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Seismic Design Criteria for Pipelines and Other Long Structures

Abstract Long continuous structures such as pipelines, power transmission lines, and high-speed rails are exposed to hazards throughout their length. These hazards should be accumulated (aggregated) along the entire length of these structures to (a) assess the risk and (b) establish design criteria for reducing the risk to a tolerable level. The design loads for structures are usually derived from site-specific probabilistic hazard analyses. It is shown in this paper that the site-specific hazard analysis underestimates the risk to long continuous structures. Aggregate hazard analysis is proposed to select the design criteria for these structures. The data used in this study are for earthquake ground motions in California, but the conclusions should be applicable to all hazards along long continuous structures anywhere in the world.