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The ghrelin receptors (GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b).

The growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in the brain as well as other areas of the body. In the early 1990s, this receptor was expression cloned in MERCK laboratories by using a group of synthesized small molecules known to increase GH release in humans and other animals. Since its discovery, hundreds of studies have shown the importance of this receptor and its endogenous ligand, ghrelin, in metabolism, neurotransmission, and behavior. Even more relevant are the prospective benefits that will result from pharmacologic manipulation of GHS-R1a. Multiple GHS-R1a agonists and antagonists are available for experimentation, and some have been used in patients with promising results. Studies in rodents have revealed intriguing potential roles for GHS-R1a modulation. Our goal in this chapter is to connect these studies with the inherent advantages of targeting this receptor pharmacologically.