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Mapping spatio-temporal filtering algorithms used in fluoroscopy to single core and multicore DSP architectures

Low dose X-ray image sequences, as obtained in fluoroscopy, exhibit high levels of noise that must be suppressed in real-time, while preserving diagnostic structures. Multi-step adaptive filtering approaches, often involving spatio-temporal filters, are typically used to achieve this goal. In this work typical fluoroscopic image sequences, corrupted with Poisson noise, were processed using various filtering schemes. The noise suppression of the schemes was evaluated using objective image quality measures. Two adaptive spatio-temporal schemes, the first one using object detection and the second one using unsharp masking, were chosen as representative approaches for different fluoroscopy procedures and mapped on to Texas Instrument's (TI) high performance digital signal processors (DSP). The paper explains the fixed point design of these algorithms and evaluates its impact on overall system performance. The fixed point versions of these algorithms are mapped onto the C64x+TM core using instruction-level parallelism to effectively use its VLIW architecture. The overall data flow was carefully planned to reduce cache and data movement overhead, while working with large medical data sets. Apart from mapping these algorithms on to TI's single core DSP architecture, this work also distributes the operations to leverage multi-core DSP architectures. The data arrangement and flow were optimized to minimize inter-processor messaging and data movement overhead.