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Properties and Applications of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

The ferroelectric modes of liquid crystals which allow for easy reorientation of the direction of polarization make liquid crystals an attractive element to use for applications such as optical storage, and optical switching. Three schemes for achieving ferroelectricity are discussed: chiral smectic alignment, achiral “banana-shaped” smectic alignment, and the nematic phase that comes from strong dipole interactions. We also examine how ferroelectric liquid crystals can be used for thresholdless switching and optical storage.