{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02184769038701623, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0006242197253433209, 'mean_word_length': 5.386454183266932, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Simulation of magnetoplasmadynamic thruster with a fluid model

Since the applied-field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (AF-MPDT) has the unique characteristics of high plasma density, strong magnetic flux density and non-equilibrium state, an innovative simulation model, namely the multi-component magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) model, is proposed in this work. The conventional MHD model includes 2 sets of equations, which are the fluid describing the motion of plasma and the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic description. In the proposed multi-component MHD model, the Maxwell equations are maintained, but the fluid part is improved by considering the two components of the plasma, electrons and ions, separately. In order to describe the relationship between the electrons and ions, the high-frequency collision model of the two components and the strong electromagnetic acceleration model of the plasma are further coupled with the fluid part. Various significant parameters such as the plasma density distribution and the ion velocity distribution of the AF-MPDT can be obtained by solving the model with a high spatial-temporal resolution Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme. The acquired simulation results show that the density and axial velocity of both electrons and ions are low when the magnetic flux density is absent or low. Interestingly, with the increase of the magnetic flux density, electrons and ions gradually gather near the anode and cathode, leading to an increase of both the density and velocity, and therefore the performance of the thruster is greatly improved.