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Behaviors of supersonic double-parameter jets and their impingement onto molten bath in BOF steelmaking

The dynamic characteristics of supersonic double-parameter jets and their interaction with the molten pool were experimentally studied. The effects of jet inclination angles and gas flow ratios on gas intensity, coalescence characteristics, and dynamic parameter distributions were discussed. The characteristics of the cavity formed by the interaction of the jet and molten pool were revealed. The results show that the jet inclination angle has more influence on the jet coalescence compared with the gas flow rate. However, the gas flow ratio plays a decisive role in the velocity distribution along the jet centerline compared with the jet inclination angle. The velocity peaks of the double-parameter jets were obviously different at fixed axial distances. Compared with other variables, the small-nozzle inclination has a greater impact on the cavity diameter, while the large-nozzle flow ratio has a greater impact on the cavity depth. The depth and width of the cavity formed by the double-parameter jets are more advantageous than that formed by the single-parameter jets. Furthermore, the double-parameter jets were applied to the actual smelting of a 260t converter.