{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.02657423454650491, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0034662045060658577, 'mean_word_length': 5.077192982456141, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Receiving support when older: what makes it ok?

PURPOSE
Older people are seen as needing to receive support from other people as they age. But what are the experiences and expectations older people have of being "support receivers"?


DESIGN AND METHODS
Community-dwelling childless elders (n = 38, aged 63-93) were interviewed about their experiences and expectations of support, as they comprise a group "at risk" of lack of support. Responses were analyzed within a narrative gerontology framework of positioning theory as to how receiving support was "positioned" and how it related to growing older.


RESULTS
Participants defined support in widely diverse ways; it was not a straightforward concept. Receiving support could be warranted by particular circumstances such as illness, made acceptable by the qualities of the support giver, and/or by being part of reciprocal exchanges across time. Support receiving was resisted when associated with difficult interpersonal dynamics or assumptions of incapacity. It was also in tension with preferred positions of being "independent" or of needing "no support." Participants positioned "oldness" negatively and as both equivalent to the need for support and as a potential outcome of being a support receiver.


IMPLICATIONS
This research shows that support can be hard to define and hard to receive. Needs assessors and researchers asking "Do you have enough support?" need to consider how support is positioned to better target appropriate help. Assumptions about at-risk groups can be misleading; many childless participants had a lifetime of self-support or an intentionally developed "web of contacts" at a size that suited them, even if they looked unsupported to others.