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The notion of ‘ideology’ in the ideological struggles of 20th-century Spain

The aim of the article is to provide an outline of the debates regarding the concept of ideology which took place in Spain throughout the 20th century. Beyond the arguments common to all Europe, some peculiarities of these debates in the peninsular context stem from the fact that Spanish society had to confront such traumatic collective experiences as the civil war 1936–1939 and the long dictatorship which followed. After Franco's death and the transition to democracy, the polemic uses of the word ideology—a term which in most cases tends to have negative connotations—occur in a very different context, in which the alleged decline of ideologies and the generalised discredit of these structures of thought have proved strangely compatible with the calls from certain sectors of the left for a new ideological rearmament and even with renewed academic interest in the study of political ideologies.