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[Maternal blood fetal cells: new noninvasive approach in prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases].

A new noninvasive approach to prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases is being actively developed, which is based on the use of different fetal cells contained in pregnant females. Due to the fact that the native concentration of fetal cells is extremely low, their isolation requires the application of different know-how enrichment and sorting techniques. Either the FISH method with chromosome-specific probes or PCR is used to examine the cell fraction isolated, which detects fetal sex, Mendelian disorders such as beta-globin mutations. Promising results in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies were achieved in isolating and examining fetal erythroblasts. The results of numerous studies on the optimization of a protocol for isolating and reliably examining fetal cells from the blood of pregnant females allow the new noninvasive approach to the prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases to be considered to be highly promising.