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Phase transition and dynamics of water confined in nanoscale spaces

Phase transition and molecular dynamics of three kinds of water confined with nanoscale spaces was studied by solid-state NMR and DSC. Firstly, water confined with spherical mesoporous silica SBA-16 was investigated. Rotational correlation time of water confined with spherical mesopores of SBA-16 followed Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann relation. Water in micropores of SBA-16 frozen at nearly 200 K. Above 200 K, activation energy of water in micropores exhibited anomaly large values (63-114 kJ/mol), which was interpreted as non-Arrhenius behavior. Secondly, water in sodium chloride aqueous solution confined with SBA-16 was investigated. Rotational correlation time of water in solution confined with SBA-16 followed Arrhenius relation. Water in spherical mesopore and micropore simultaneously froze at nearly 190 K in the high concentration region. Lastly, hydration water in proteins (bovine serum albumin) crystal was investigated. 180° flip and reorientation of water were observed between 220 K and 190 K. Freezing of the 180° flip of water molecules near the protein was observed around glass transition temperature ( T g = 110 K).