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Luteolin Counteracts ER Stress in PC 12 Cells through Moderating ER Chaperones and Heat Shock Proteins

Luteolin, as a natural polyphenolic compound, has neuroprotective effect and exerts its function by attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress factors. Emerging evidences indicate that oxidative stress leads to neurodegeneration but is not the initial event and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) is often considered to be the stimulus event which is caused by accumulating of misfolded proteins. The activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) outcrops as the one of early occurrence in brain injury when the agglomeration of misor unfolded proteins occur in the ER lumen. So, the present study try to define whether any neuroprotective effect is seen when Luteolin is administered in used H2O2–injured PC12 cells. PC12 cells were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 with different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 μM) of Luteolin for 2 hr prior to our experiments, then the cells were exposed with H2O2 (150 μM) for 24 hr. Western blot analysis was performed in PC12 cells to evaluate the levels of Heat shock proteins (Hsp70 and Hsp90) and ER stress chaperon GRP78/BiP and CHOP. Cell viability was evaluated by the conventional MTT reduction assay. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with different concentration (10, 25, 50, 100 μM) of Luteolin followed by exposure to H2O2 increased cell viability (about 46, 35, 78 and 80%, respectively) relative to the H2O2-treated cells. In the group that received (25 μM) concentration of Luteolin, ER stress chaperones such as GRP78/BiP and CHOP decreased compared to H2O2 treated cells, while HSP70 increased in Luteolin treatment of 25μM. The level of hsp90 decreased in Luteolin (25μM) treatment. In conclusion, our data suggest that flavonoid has therapeutic potential following brain trauma.