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Protective and Harmful Effects of Religious Practice on Depression Among Jewish Individuals With Mood Disorders

Research suggests that religious practice has a small but consistent inverse relationship with depression, but recent work within the Jewish population has been equivocal. Following the behavioral model of depression, one explanation is that religious activity may provide positive reinforcement. We hypothesized that this would be true only for those who intrinsically value religion, and conversely, religious practice may be depressogenic for individuals lacking intrinsic motivation. We tested this possibility in a longitudinal sample of 160 Jewish individuals meeting DSM–IV criteria for a mood disorder. Multilevel autoregressive growth modeling suggested that controlling for past depressive symptoms, past intrinsic religiosity, and religious practice jointly predicted future depression. Individuals with high religious practice and high intrinsic religiosity reported lower future depressive symptoms, whereas those with high practice and low intrinsic religiosity reported higher depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that religious practice can have both protective and harmful effects, depending on internal values.