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The Dipole Fusion Confinement Concept : A White Paper for the Fusion Community

The dipole magnetic field is the simplest and most common magnetic field configuration in the universe. It is the magnetic far-field of a single, circular current loop, and it represents the dominate structure of the middle magnetospheres of magnetized planets and neutron stars. The use of a dipole magnetic field generated by a levitated ring to confine a hot plasma for fusion power generation was first considered by Akira Hasegawa after participating in the Voyager 2 encounter with Uranus [1]. Hasegawa recognized that the inward diffusion and adiabatic heating that accompanied strong magnetic and electric fluctuations in planetary magnetospheres represented a fundamental property of strongly magnetized plasmas not yet observed in laboratory fusion experiments. For example, it is well-known that global fluctuations excited in laboratory fusion plasmas result in rapid plasma and energy loss. In contrast, large-scale fluctuations induced by sudden compressions of the geomagnetic cavity (due to enhancements in solar wind pressure) or by unsteady convections occurring during magnetic substorms energize and populate the energetic electrons trapped in the Earth’s magnetosphere [2]. The fluctuations induce inward particle diffusion from the magnetospheric boundary even when the central plasma