{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.014349775784753363, 'fraction_numerical': 0.003587443946188341, 'mean_word_length': 5.931677018633541, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
[Cannulae for extracorporeal circulation].

Since the advent of extracorporeal circulation in 1954, its technique has developed rapidly owing to the progress of technology. Although it facilitated better outcome of cardiac surgery, lack of knowledge and malpractice of extracorporeal circulation may lead to serious complications. This article introduces different types of cannulae and their hydrodynamics during extracorporeal circulation. Characteristics of cannulae for extracorporeal circulation are described from viewpoints of material, requirements and technological background. Arterial perfusion cannulae have various flow patterns and affect shear stress on the aortic wall depending on the shape of each cannula exit. Technological background of venous drainage is also described. As a cardiovascular surgeon, it is important to understand the characteristics of each cannula in order to accomplish successful operation. Safe and effective means of providing sufficient arterial inflow in the presence of extensive aortic disease, such as atherosclerosis with aneurysm or dissections needs to be solved.