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Are Sleep Behaviors Associated with Cognitive Functioning and Dietary Risk in Preschoolers?

The aims of this study were to identify the relationship of sleep hygiene and preschool children's 1) dietary risk, 2) cognitive functioning, and 3) BMI status. Guardians of preschoolers (n= 45) were recruited to participate in a cross‐sectional study to assess sleep hygiene (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire), dietary risk (NutriSTEP), and cognitive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Preschool Version). Child height and weight were measured using a stadiometer and digital scale and guardians completed diet, sleep, and cognitive functioning surveys. Correlations were used to test the study aims. Sleep hygiene was related to flexibility index (r= 0.317, p= .039), emergent metacognition index (r= 0.494, p= 0.001), global executive composite (r= 0.455, p= .002), and dietary risk (r= 0.322, p= 0.031) but not BMI z‐score. These results suggest child sleep hygiene characteristics may be related to child cognitive functioning and dietary risk but not BMI in preschoolers. The relationship between sleep hygiene and dietary risk were moderated by child cognitive function. Future studies exploring the relationship between sleep and diet should consider the measure of cognitive functioning, as this may influence the relationship between the variables and study conclusions.