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With No Deliberate Speed

This chapter details what transpired in Mississippi between the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954, the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, and the Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education ruling in 1969, as local blacks fought to hold their school districts accountable to the principles of Brown, and whites devised a host of ever-changing ways to delay or impede desegregation efforts. Despite the success of the Citizens' Council in stopping blacks from filing desegregation petitions with their local school boards, many blacks in the South continued to hold onto at least a modicum of optimism that the law of the land would ultimately prevail. In October 1969, the Alexander v. Holmes Board of Education ruling finally forced school districts in Mississippi to end their dual system of segregated schooling.