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Airborne fungal spore concentration in some selected indoor and outdoor sites: Threats of respiratory problems

Airborne fungi are among the most important aeroallergens and main components of causing different respiratory disorders and also agricultural crop diseases. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the concentration of indoor and outdoor fungal spores in the air. The open plate method was adopted for the analysis qualitative estimation of airborne fungal spores. Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Czapek-Dox Agar (CDA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) were used to detect the airborne fungi. The plates were exposed in indoor and outdoor environments of the Library, Canteen, Newly Constructed Building and Class Room. A total of 132 colonies were found comprising of 18 genera. The dominant fungal genera were Alternaria sp. (9.85%), Aspergillus sp (43.18%), Cladosporium sp (7.58%), Curvularia sp (3.03%), Fusarium sp (6.06%), Penicillium sp (18.18%) and Trichoderma sp (3.79%). The present results revealed Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp and Cladosporium sp were found to be dominant in indoor and outdoor sites. Malt Extract Agar (MEA) showed the best suitable media for the isolation of fungi. The highest concentration of fungi observed in July and August. The meteorological parameters also recorded during the sampling period. This study provided some information regarding the indoor and outdoor airborne fungal composition in this region.