{'fraction_non_alphanumeric': 0.010245901639344262, 'fraction_numerical': 0.0, 'mean_word_length': 5.887323943661972, 'pattern_counts': {'":': 0, '<': 0, '<?xml version=': 0, '>': 0, 'https://': 0, 'lorem ipsum': 0, 'www.': 0, 'xml': 0}, 'pii_count': 0, 'substrings_counts': 0, 'word_list_counts': {'cursed_substrings.json': 0, 'profanity_word_list.json': 0, 'sexual_word_list.json': 0, 'zh_pornsignals.json': 0}}
Electromagnetic theory of the radiative Pierce instability

Nonresonance microwave sources based on the stimulated Pierce radiation of relativistic electron beams in smooth waveguides are presented. The microwave Pierce oscillator is a smooth cylindrical waveguide, along the axis of which a straightline relativistic electron beam propagates. To derive the growth rate of the radiative Pierce instability, the energy change of an electron propagating through the waveguide is calculated.