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Realism Replacing Rhetoric: Factors Shaping India's Middle East Policy

Abstract Since the end of the Cold War India's policy towards developments in the Middle East has been governed more by economic and energy considerations and less by the political rhetoric of the past. This period has also witnessed the marginalization of the Pakistani factor in India's policy towards the region and a greater emphasis on economic partnership. Regarding Israel and the pro-western countries of the Gulf, India has forged a good working relationship. However, the United States has emerged as a player in India's Middle East policy. As is shown, US policy is limiting India's ability to forge closer ties with countries such as Iran and Iraq.