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Power Guarantee for Electric Systems Using Real-Time Scheduling

Modern electric systems, such as electric vehicles, mobile robots, nano satellites, and drones, require to support various power-demand operations for user applications and system maintenance. This, in turn, calls for advanced power management that jointly considers power demand by the operations and power supply from various sources, such as batteries, solar panels, and supercapacitors. In this article, we develop a power scheduling framework for a reliable energy storage system with multiple power-supply sources and multiple power-demand operations. Specifically, we develop offline power-supply guarantee analysis and online power management. The former provides an offline power-supply guarantee such that every power-demand operation completes its execution in time while the sum of power required by individual operations does not exceed the total power supplied by the entire energy storage system at any time; to this end, we develop a plain power-supply analysis as well as its improved version using real-time scheduling techniques. On the other hand, the latter efficiently utilizes the surplus power available at runtime for improving system performance; we propose two approaches, depending on whether future scheduling information of power-demanding tasks is available or not. For evaluation, we perform simulations to evaluate both the plain and improved analyses for offline power guarantee under various synthetic power-demand operations. In addition, we have built a simulation model and demonstrated that the proposed framework with the offline analysis and online management not only guarantees the required power-supply, but also enhances system performance by up to 56.49 percent.