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Pseudo-ferroelectric properties by space charge polarization

We show that the determination of ferroelectric properties by the measurement of polarization charge hysteresis curves can be misleading. Measurements using polyethylene oxide and simulations with a three-dimensional hopping model, developed for the characterization of the space charge polarization in solid electrolytes, yield hysteresis curves which for properly chosen parameters cannot be distinguished from real ferroelectric polarization hysteresis. Furthermore, a butterfly curve of the capacitance with varying applied bias voltage, which is often assumed to be typical for ferroelectrics, is observed in electrolytes experimentally. Thus, further investigations, e.g. sample thickness effects, have to be performed to confirm that the material under test is a ferroelectric and that space charge polarization does not prevail.