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X-ray-standing-wave analysis of noncommensurate adsorbate stuctures.

We describe an application of the x-ray-standing-wave technique to analyzing noncommensurate surface adsorbate structures. Coherent fractions larger than zero are generally expected if the adsorbate reflects the substrate corrugation or potential. We explicitly calculate standing-wave results for an in-plane incommensurate, corrugated adsorbate and for a two-dimensional lattice gas, using a model adsorbate-substrate interaction potential.