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Muslim extrinsic cultural religious orientation and identity: relationships with social and personal adjustment in Iran

Especially in Muslim communities, extrinsic motivations for being religious may include the use of religion to promote societal well‐being. Iranian university students responded to statements designed to express an extrinsic cultural religious orientation. Four factors described this motivation, including Family and Social Order, Disorder Avoidance, Peace and Justice, and Cultural Foundations. Extrinsic cultural religious factors correlated positively with identity, displayed limited associations with personal adjustment, and broadly predicted greater social adjustment as reflected in measures of Individualist and Collectivist Values, Collective Self‐Esteem, Empathic Concern, and Perspective Taking. The extrinsic cultural religious orientation also partially mediated the relationship between identity and social adjustment and slightly suppressed the association of identity with personal adjustment. These data confirmed the importance of examining the extrinsic cultural religious orientation in studies of Muslim and perhaps other religious communities.