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11.3.3 Integration Challenges of Complex Systems

Integration of complex systems normally requires many different components, subsystems and systems. Commonly referred to as system of systems (SoS), these many different systems are too complex for any one company to develop. Current examples are the international space station and network centric operation programs. Since complex systems require many different companies, challenges arise in effective communications and understanding of requirements, interfaces, validation and verification of integrated systems. This paper addresses the foundation of integration, which is a clear understanding of validation and verification activities at all levels of development, including the key interfaces between systems, subsystems and components. Equally as important is the ability to work key issues during the development process. Attention to detail in both of these aspects is the key to having a successful integration of complex systems.