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Hannibal: The Father of Strategy Reconsidered

This article examines Hannibal’s warfare tactics, strategies, goals, and achievements during the Second Punic War. Hannibal's achievements and failures continue to inform the art of modern warfare at the strategic as well as tactical levels. Hannibal's greatest weakness was that he could not harness all aspects of national power, including political, military, economic, psychological, and technological capabilities, harmoniously to defeat Rome. This article concludes with a comparison between Hannibal's campaign in Italy centuries ago and the recent war in Iraq.