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Conjugation of a Scintillator Complex and Gold Nanorods for Dual-Modal Image-Guided Photothermal and X-Ray-Induced Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors.

Light-mediated therapy has many unique merits, but monotherapy strategies rarely completely inhibit tumor growth because resistance often develops. Combination therapy is a promising strategy in oncology and has demonstrated superior safety and efficacy over monotherapy. Here, we conjugated a scintillator complex and gold nanorod nanosensitizer for dual-modal image-guided photothermal and X-ray induced photodynamic therapy. Lanthanide complexes were successfully conjugated and offer excellent X-ray-excited optical luminescence (XEOL) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects. The strong NIR light and X-ray absorption abilities of gold nanorods make the nanosensitizer function as both photothermal agent for photothermal therapy (PTT) and radiosensitizer for enhanced radiotherapy (RT). The in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the nanosensitizer offers good dual-modal imaging capability and significantly suppresses tumor progression under near-infrared light and X-ray irradiation. This work shows the great potential of conjugating scintillator lanthanide complexes and gold nanosensitizers for multimodal image-guided therapy of deep tumors.