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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as a New Class of Promising Cathode Materials for Aluminum-Ion Batteries.

As an emerging post-lithium battery technology, aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have the advantages of large Al reserves and high safety, and have great potential to be applied to power grid energy storage. But current graphite cathode materials are limited in charge storage capacity due to the formation of stage-4 graphite-intercalated compounds (GICs) in the fully charged state. Herein, we propose a new type of cathode materials for AIBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which resembles graphite in large conjugated π bond, but do not form GICs in the charge process. Quantum chemistry calculation results show that PAHs can bind AlCl4- through the interaction between the conjugated π bond in the PAHs and AlCl4-, forming on-plane interaction. The theoretical specific capacity of PAHs is negatively correlated with the number of benzene rings in the PAHs. Then, under the guidance of theoretical calculations, anthracene, a three-ring PAHs, was evaluated as a cathode material for AIBs. Electrochemical measurements show that anthracene owns a high specific capacity of 157 mAh g-1 (at 100 mA g-1) and still maintains a specific capacity of 130 mAh g-1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a feasible "theory guides practice" research model for the development of energy storage materials, and also provides a new class of promising cathode materials for AIBs.