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Comparative Study of Mandibular Morphology in Patients with Hypodivergent and Hyperdivergent Growth Patterns: A Cephalometric Study

Introduction and objectives: In dentofacial orthopedics, a thorough knowledge of the skeletal components that contribute to a particular malocclusion is essential as these elements may influence the approach to treatment. Diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion depends on the form and growth of the human face. The interplay of vertical growth as related to anteroposterior growth is responsible for various facial types. The various descriptions of facial types, such as hyperdivergent, hypodivergent, etc. are related to structural variations and interactions between vertical and anteroposterior growth. In the present study, cephalometric evaluation of the morphology of mandible in three different facial patterns, i.e. normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, was done. Materials and methods: As sample of 60 subjects in the age group of 12 to 18 years were selected, out of them 20 subjects were average growing patients, 20 subjects were hypodivergent patterns and 20 subjects were hyperdivergent patterns. Bjork’s signs of mandibular rotation were used to differentiate between them. Mandibular morphological differences were exhibited by the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. Results and conclusion: According to the results, condylar head is inclined more backwardly in hyperdivergent patterns and more forwardly in hypodivergent pattern. Inferior border of mandible has a notched appearance in hyperdivergent and is almost flat in hypodivergent patterns. Anterior lower facial height is increased in hyperdivergent and decreased in hypodivergent patterns. Interincisal and intermolar angles are more mesially inclined in hyperdivergent than hypodivergent patterns. Symphysis is more forwardly inclined in case of hypodivergent and backwardly inclined in hyperdivergent patterns.