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Adventures of the Soul

This chapter examines the Presocratic discourse on the soul and how it is intertwined with the discourse on the cosmos. It first considers Karl Popper's views regarding the different solutions developed by the Presocratics to address the problem of cosmic becoming before discussing the concept of psuchē. It then explores Heraclitus's philosophical insights about the soul as well as the relationship between soul and cosmos. It also describes the different paths along which a religious need for individual salvation and uniting with the divine brings forth a reflection on the soul, taking into account the theories presented by Presocratic philosophers such as Empedocles of Akragas, Pythagoras, and Parmenides of Elea. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the notion of personal identity relating to the aspects of intellectual memory and moral responsibility.