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Intraspecific variation and evolutionary trends of Alicornops simorrense (Rhinocerotidae) in Spain

The Spanish material of Alicornops simorrense constitutes the best representation of the species in Western Europe. It provides interesting data on the metrical and morphological intraspecific variation of A. simorrense and its evolutionary trends from late Middle Miocene to the early Late Miocene. From late Aragonian to early Vallesian, a slight increase in size is observed, but without clear limits among series. During the late Vallesian, A. simorrense evolved in central Spanish basins into a second species, A. alfambrense, greater in size and with more robust proportions. In the Vallés‐Penedés basin, A. simorrense shows a noticeable increase in size, while maintaining its proportions, during the Vallesian. A. simorrense was a very abundant species, an open woodland dweller, with gregarious behaviour, whose extinction was probably linked to the climatic change that took place at the end of the Vallesian and the beginning of the Turolian.