Science, Art, Litt, Science based Art & Science Communication

                                                        Interactive science series

                                           Qs ON SCIENCE COMMUNICATION 

(Based on my interactions with people who themselves want to be science  communicators)

Q: While communicating science,  can we use scientific terms? 

Krishna: Yes, you have to use them and ... this is very important ...  explain clearly what they mean. That is how people learn new scientific terms. 

Q: What advice do you give to journalists like me who want to enter the field of science communication?

Krishna: You are most welcome here. I have already written several topics on science communication.

View them here: some-science

Read them and ask me questions if you have any.

A request though ... try to view the world like a scientist does. Then only you can do justice to your communication process. I know how difficult it is for people outside of science to do this. You don't even know ABCDs of science but you are trying to speak that language and worst of it all you are trying to explain it to others and get them educated! Have you realized now what devil you are going to deal with?

This is not to discourage you. I only want you to learn things scientific first.

I know journalists here just copy and paste things from news agencies and pretend they are their original articles. Sometimes they add a few names they say they consulted but write exact words and sentences we read on news agencies'sites, science sites, press releases etc.  They can fool ordinary people but not us. We know who is what and who is a naught.

Some try to write original articles but most often, I have noticed, they write about pseudo-science thinking that it is real science. Some try to cater to the emotional needs of people and confirm their beliefs and opinions. Some publish old and outdated research. We get annoyed. Most of the scientists do go mad when they read these write ups of journalists. But we can't do anything about them. If we try to correct them, they refuse to get corrected. Press freedom! In the name of PF, they publish rubbish. 

Please don't go that way. Science communication is a different ball game altogether and try to follow the scientist-communicators, not the journalist-communicators. Then only you will hit the bull's eye. 

Now, follow me! And, that is an order. :)

Q: In laymen's terms how do you define science communication? 

Krishna: Bringing science to non-scientists in the language they understand is science communication.

Q: Is there a difference between journalists explaining science and scientists explaining science?

Krishna: Yes, I find a lot of difference. I will give two examples to stress  my point.

Big Bang! Now I am not a physicist and while learning about physics I am like any common man. 

What I understood when I read/heard journalists explaining  about Big Bang 's there was a huge explosion in space some 14 billion years back and our universe came into existence with it! Almost every man on the street think in that way when they think about the origin of our universe and the Big Bang that they think started it. 

But during my interactions with physicists, I realized how wrong that explanation was! Because this is how physicists explain it ...

The Big Bang doesn’t exist and it never existed, nor do cosmologists believe it to have existed. The Big Bang is a point in time defined by a mathematical extrapolation.

An analogy is knowing that the rate of climb for a plane is 700 feet per second. If the plane is at an altitude of 7000 feet. You can extrapolate to a point 10 seconds ago when the plane had an altitude of 0 feet. It doesn’t mean 10 seconds ago that happened. Or at 11 seconds ago the plane was 700 feet below the surface of the Earth. We just understand that the plane didn’t climb at 700 feet per second for more than 10 seconds.

This is exactly the same as the Big Bang. When physicists or cosmologists or astrophysicists speak about “the Big Bang” they mean “the era of Big Bang cosmology” which is a multi-billion year era where the evolution of the Universe is described by the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker-LeMaitre metric.

The Big Bang being 14 billion years ago tells us that something has to have changed by that point in time.

So there is no “point” where the Big Bang was, it was always an extended volume of space.

Another one: When I read  journalists' articles on laws of conservation of energy I get the impression that energy is constant and can neither be created nor destroyed.

But this is how a physicist explained to me ...  

Actually, the assumption made that energy cannot be created or destroyed and is always conserved, is incorrect.

Energy conservation is a consequence of Noether’s theorem: Noether's theorem - Wikipedia. In particular, energy is conserved for any system that is time-invariant. That is, if you can do a specific experiment at any time you choose and obtain the same result, then your system is time-invariant, and by Noether’s theorem, it has a corresponding conserved quantity that we call “energy”.

In the expanding universe, time invariance no longer holds, because the universe has a beginning (the Big Bang singularity) and expands as time goes on, so it’s clearly not time-invariant. So, the universe as a whole does not satisfy the conditions of Noether’s theorem, and does not have a conserved energy.

The expansion of the universe is slow, so for everyday purposes, it is practically unnoticeable. For small systems (less than billions of light-years across), over short periods of time (less than a billion years), energy is approximately conserved to a very high degree of accuracy. But over cosmological time and distance scales, there is no conservation of energy.

Did you notice the difference? You get a wrong impression if you follow science through journalists. That is why I follow only scientists to understand science. 

Okay some journalists who really have some science background can do better than others  but learn science from experts who can give you correct information, not the ones who describe things incorrectly if you want to have genuine knowledge. 

Q: How do you deal with issues like Religion Vs Science?

Krishna: The first thing I learnt as a science communicator is - don't attack anything outright or if possible don't attack at all. First, just make the person or people you are dealing with comfortable, then slowly  and softly put things before him/them. Then make him/them think and realize there are alternatives to consider.

This process is very essential. Why?

For some people who cannot  deal with the bad circumstances and situations around them efficiently using their mental strengths, temporary solutions religion gives provide some comfort. If you try to remove it suddenly, their mental states collapse. If you create  such unstable mental states, without first providing the right and permanent alternatives,  you will never, I repeat never, succeed. 

Also, there is a thing called confirmation bias. People always want to be comfortable. For human minds,  cognitive dissonance (a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviours ) produces a feeling of mental discomfort. Unless a person is trained in  critical thinking or have the abilities to think critically, he cannot deal with this discomfort. Therefore, he tries to move away from persons who bring this discomfort and look for people and opinions  that confirm his own beliefs and biases. In severe cases, this discomfort disturbs the person so much that he thinks the person with alternative views is his enemy and tries to attack, need I add severely? In these unfavourable situations, again, you will never succeed.

I  observed this happening several times during debates, especially on TV. In the heat of the moment, people never realize what they are doing or saying is really harming their cause. 

Now do you know why I prefer writing or creating art to giving speeches and participating in debates? While writing, you get time to think efficiently and how to handle a situation correctly. Now let me give an example of how I handle people through my writing ...

Science and Spirituality

I was never attacked for writing this article, never ever. Everybody who read it appreciated it, praised it, thought about it, and above all 'agreed to a great degree'. Even religious leaders loved it.

I think I have succeeded in my attempt of putting science's views before people  very efficiently. 

Q: Who is the best science communicator now in the world?

Krishna: Almost of them are good. Famous doesn't mean  best here. If you entered the field, you must be good at communication.

Q: How can science communicators deal efficiently with people with closed minds?

Krishna: The other day I was discussing a controversial subject with a techie. I realized he 's highly orthodox and my mind set 's  completely opposite to his.  But still I accepted this challenge. I tried to be soft and slow. But the moment he came to know who I was, he got up and said, "My beliefs are non-negotiable, how irrational they might seem to others. I don't want to even listen to and consider what you people say. Sorry!" and left the room.

How do you deal with such closed minds?

You cannot target individuals here. You have to go to the roots of the entire system that produced such people. Because these people depend on support system of their groups, families, friends and societies.

Unless you deal with these whole bunches,  you cannot arrest the rot.  Until the whole system is washed properly, you cannot expect a part of it to become clean. I realized this long back. 

Now I am targeting the whole system. I think I am gaining ground by going this way.

Q: What is the biggest challenge in communicating scientific findings to the general public?

I can understand jargon because I have several years of research experience and as I myself wrote research papers and published them. I can easily translate them into common man’s language.

Providing authentic news is important too when there are conflicting and confusing reports flying all over the space. As I am scientifically trained, I can identify things that are faulty, misleading and papers that are attention seeking for the wrong reasons most of the time. Even if I read such articles on science sites, I don't trust them. Because some of the sites that deal with science are run by journalists and not by people of science. And even if they are run by scientists, if the scientists are attached to the political parties, economic establishments that fund their work, what they publish need not be accurate or authentic. Some sort of spinning occurs when these reports come into the public domain. You need a sharp eye and a very analytical mind to detect these frauds. I usually read original papers in peer-reviewed high quality journals before posting them on my science communication network. I try my best to keep away from such things if my instinct tells me the story need not be true. This again comes from training and experience.

However, I find these things challenging though.

1. Opening closed minds and doors when people tell you their beliefs and opinions are non-negotiable and when people try to shut you off from their worlds.

2. Telling people - especially my friends and relatives - that I just don't blindly accept and follow their baseless beliefs.

3. And when your administration has an unscientific attitude and when it itself propagates pseudo-science, challenging the authority without getting a ‘traitor’ tag.

4. Getting funds, recognition and awards for your work despite going the scientific route and against people who judge you and assess you.

5. Maintaining your sanity while dealing with un-scientific thoughts, ideals, opinions and beliefs.

6. Dealing with trolls and attackers when ‘your science’ exposes cheats’ ‘exploiting ways’.

7. Persistence in the most trying circumstances.

I wrote a series of articles on science communication. You can find them here if you are interested:

Science Simplified!

Q: Is it important that we systematically describe things while communicating science?

Krishna: While communicating science to their colleagues, scientists describe things systematically. 

However, while communicating science to the common people, such systematic descriptions, although  provide neatness to the articles, prove to be boring. They come out like products of a factory outlet, point numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, .... eek!,  strongly resembling one another. Add some zing and variety folks. These need not be silly jokes. But should show you as a separate and unique science communicator. 

I never saw Neil deGrasse Tyson or Bill Nye talking to people in a systematic way. But they are very popular science communicators and attract lots of people.

Q: How do you become a respected science communicator?

You get real respect for your authenticity, clarity of presentation, passion and dedication, friendly attitude, simplicity and of course command over the subject.

Q: Why is it difficult for scientist communicators to make people accept scientific facts?

Krishna: Lots of research went into this. And it was found that the general public agrees with scientists when the scientists say things they already believe, and disagrees with scientists when the scientists say things they don't believe.  People in general believe whoever tells them things that already fit their conceptions and biases.  

A conditioned mind rarely co-operates.
 Science can’t condition a mind like ideology, culture, religion, and business PR do because it is against scientific attitude.
Where questioning, validity and verification is given importance, you cannot control minds with sweet talk, misleading information and emotional appeal.
Science can’t compete with substandardness.

Q: Do science communicators adopt different techniques while communicating science to different people?

Krishna: Understanding the psychology of people you are communicating with really helps.  Yes, single strategy doesn't work with all the human beings you deal with. 

People who love science are easy to connect with and convince.

People who sit on the walls try to jump towards the majority's side.  Keeping the highest numbers on your side works with them.

Emotional minds yield to sweet talk.

Fearful minds listen to you when you invoke insecurity in them ( Don't misunderstand this. This is not exploiting like others do. Just stating the facts too can instill fear and insecurity like 'smoking can cause cancer', 'not getting vaccinated can make your children susceptible to diseases).

Distressed minds come to you when you provide solutions. 

Closed minds are the most difficult ones but when you associate them with their groups or communities and treat them as whole bunches, they would give some ground to you.

Children and illiterates get attracted to fun and art.

But the most important part is how you identify these different types,  what messages and what mediums and what influences they respond to and how you plan your strategy.

We should talk to those people who don’t think like us and know where they are and know what their preferred mediums and influencers are.  And we should be working with them to frame messages to best reach them.

And that is not easy. You got to have a sharp mind and good analysing techniques to understand the complex human  psychology. A single wrong move can backfire and turn your whole effort a big waste.

Q: How do you rate your success as a science communicator?

Krishna: People I interact with themselves gave me a direct picture. And I am extremely satisfied with the rating.  I don't want to mention it here though.

Q: Why do you communicate science?

Krishna: If you don’t communicate, how will the world know about it? How will the world get benefitted by the knowledge?
Scientists do it in two ways:
Communicating with their colleagues using ‘their own language’ by publishing in journals and presenting in conferences, seminars etc. Then your colleagues, assess it, confirm it making a scientific fact and improving on it or building more knowledge based on it or applying it and make life more comfortable to people.
Communicating it to the common people using simple language so that they can use it and get benefitted by it.

Q: As a science communicator how do you want us to co-operate with you for our common benefit?

Krishna: This is the question we (me and my colleagues) liked the most. You came here with the right attitude that even learners need  to put in some effort for the success of science communication. 

The first thing we need is an 'open mind' and a 'passion to learn things scientific'. If you have these qualities, our work will become easy.

You should also have some basic knowledge in science to understand the subject. Without learning the alphabets first, you can't read, learn and understand a language. 

Communicate with us, ask questions if you don't understand something. Only when we see your Qs/ messages, we understand where the difficulty lies, in our explanation or in your comprehension and where we went wrong or where your inadequacy lies.

Your understanding that science  is not your enemy but a friend that is trying to help you is also what we expect from you. And that we are here  to provide strength to your mind and health to your body in the right way. 

Please don't come here looking  for conformation of your opinions, beliefs etc., science cannot and doesn't do that. 

Also realize that when we say something here, we are only giving scientific facts and their evidence. They are not our 'opinions'. Several people fail to understand this and try to argue. You cannot argue with a mathematical theorem, can you? :)

If we can close the gap between our worlds with the co-operation coming from your side too, we would be relieved.

Q: What qualities should a science communicator have? I am asking this Q because I want to become one like you.

Krishna: Glad to hear your aim and ambition. It is a nice choice. 

A science communicator should have vast knowledge in all the fields of science not in one specific area (my scientist friends  say they are jealous of me because of this quality of mine)

S/he should be a critical thinker. 

S/he should be completely neutral.

S/he should be frank and very daring - shouldn't be afraid to speak truth and facts no matter how much people resent it. 

S/he should be a hard worker, very passionate about science and should have a service oriented mind. 

S/he should eat, sleep, think, drink, write, live, follow, trust science through out his/her life. 

S/he should also have some creative skills to put things efficiently before people.

It is a highly thrilling life. You will love it. Just go for it. 

Q: If you take a lot of time to give the right answer, people might get the impression that you are not good at science. How do you deal with it? 

Krishna: We must accept that we are not experts in everything. Even we have to learn things first when Qs from other fields are asked. Then we will have to think about something. Critical thinking takes time, lots of it. If you answer without thinking, you might make mistakes. What is the use of giving incorrect information by giving an instant answer laced with ignorance?

Then you will have to confirm whether what you say is authentic (genuine evidence based ) and recent information or not. You have to search the right literature for it. You cannot mislead people.

If the answer need to cover a lot of details and time given to you is not sufficient or you don't have enough time to tackle it at that moment, again you will have to ask people to come back for a detailed explanation.  

If you think you don't know the right answer, if you are not sure whether what you know is a genuine fact and if you want to think about something before answering, it is better to request some time. Even if people ridicule you or think you are dumb (I did face such situations twice). 

Pretensions put me off. I do request time if I am not sure about the answer or don't have enough time to deal with it. 

Q: How can I effectively approach the usage of scientific papers without a formal academic background?

These things overwhelm them. They face a mind block and immediately close the pages.

That is why science communication came into existence. We entered the field of science communication to simplify things for you. We work hard hours together to make things easy for you.

Q: Scientists don’t know most humans don’t give two flips about facts or rational discussion. They are constantly exposing normal people to facts and continue to expect those people to come to rational conclusions based on those facts. If high IQs meant anything like what everyone who wants one thinks they mean scientists would have long ago figured out that to convince the general public of anything you have to either coincide with their preconceived ideas or offer them immediate gratification in some way. Asking people to give up an immediate gratification for a greater good more than a day or two away is an overall failing proposition. What do you think?

Krishna: We do understand laymen's world is different. At the same time we cannot allow people to live in a state of ignorance and far away from reality for ever. We strive to bring people outside into our world slowly but surely. 

If you want facts to coincide with people's preconceived notions, that is not possible always. Because these notions came into origin long back when science as a field hadn't been established and when irrationality and ignorance ruled the world. If people who fear their hold on human psychology would diminish would release their grip on it, science communicators would succeed. Right now we are striving to do exactly that, succeed!  

Okay, if you want gratification, we have some incentives too. Like better health. Comfortable life. Removing hunger and poverty. Living a fear-free and stable life. Any evolved  human mind that can think better than apes, would opt for greater good, instead of instant gratification. 

When you face hunger, poverty, bad health, death from a deadly disease, you would understand our  logic, alright and forego instant  gratification. That is the power of science.

Why do you think thousands are visiting this site? For instant gratification? No!

For the incentives that slowly turn their lives into better ones. I am succeeding in the only way science knows it would.

Q: What is the difference between looking for confirmation of biases and really learning things? How can we ask questions only to learn things?

Krishna: We can easily recognize the difference. A person who really wants to learn things, ask questions in a different way. People who want to confirm their biases, come with a preconceived notion, like for example pseudo-science is real science and that we should agree with their assumptions and argue endlessly to make us do that. Some, I have noticed, don't even click on the links provided to my articles that clearly explain things, read them, try to understand them, and analyse them and then ask questions. 

Instead, they refuse to even read them ( we have a way to find out, here on this network, whether the person read my articles or not)  and go on and on arguing from their own point of view. That is refusing to see things from others' point of view, refusing to learn things in the right way, looking for confirmation of their biases and beliefs. 

The moment they realize they can't get confirmation from science, they start attacking it with frustration.

This  is really very annoying for us - when a person who has false knowledge  refusing to get corrected, wants an endorsement of his corrupt knowledge arguing endlessly wasting our time. 

When a person is willing to learn, he would definitely try to read my articles, try to understand them, think about them and then ask questions or clarifications and try to find out why anyone went wrong. If he understands and agrees with them, learn things and thank us for that.. . 

Each word you use, sentence you construct, the way you talk or ask Qs, tell a lot about you. With lots of experience in dealing with people, I can easily identify what type of a person you are. While genuineness of your desire to learn things makes us deal with you happily, other intentions put us off.

We don't want to waste our time with the second category people.  And I am convinced you are a genuine person. Thanks for really trying to find out the difference. People like you make us glad to interact with.

Q: How can a science communicator differentiate between real research and a bogus one?

Krishna: Knowledge in scientific methods and methodologies helps you in identifying the genuine ones. Critical thinking is very important to differentiate things. 

I wrote some articles and posted on this network to help people like you. Please read them by going to the home page of this group 'Science Simplified'. 

If you still have questions after reading them, please do ask. 

Q: What is the difference between earlier science communication and the one done now?

Krishna: When I was young, I used to watch some documentaries on science. They were like class room lessons. You learn something in science alright but fail to creatively connect it to your life and why it is important. That is not how science should be communicated. 

To make science more interesting, you have to tell people why it is connected with your life and make them understand the significance of it  to get it stick more firmly to their mind and use the knowledge. Today we do that and this way of communication is making more impact on people. 

Watch this video where Brian Cox and Neil deGrasse Tyson discuss about science communication ...

Q: You write in English and use internet as your medium. Several people cannot even read and write. They also don't have access to internet. How do you think you can impact majority of the people by choosing the things you chose to communicate science?
Krishna: Glad you asked this Q. 
Internet and English are only a part of the media I use! What you see/read is just a partial picture of my work. Now see this full one ...
I get invitations to participate in debates, meetings, celebrations (science days, birth days of scientists, days of important scientific inventions and discoveries) etc. While giving lectures/speeches, explaining things to people around, conducting shows etc. at the regional level, I use only Telugu. I never gave my speeches to students/laymen/journalists in English till now! I can speak five languages and English is only one of them.
Most of the Qs and answers I posted here were asked and answered outside of this network and in languages other than English like Telugu, Hindi, and Urdu. I just translated them and added them here! Surprised to hear that? :)
Moreover, I use sci-art to educate the illiterate and literature and art even the literate but scientific illiterates. Dealing with literates but scientifically illiterates is extremely important too. I weave stories in the way common man likes to explain things.
Now let me explain the impact aspect of my work ... 
Please visit the page whose link 's given below and read the content highlighted on it:
Science communicators, journalists, teachers and other educationists who are working in remote parts of this region are using my work as base for their work. For every single person who reads what I post on my network, there are hundreds others who are indirectly getting benefited by it! This is at village and local level. 
Now read this: ( Six months back a person called me all the way from Chandigarh to ask this Q ) Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa, I recently came across one of your articles you posted on your network, Sci-Art Lab (link given below):
It 's of tremendous help to us. I manufacture steel drinking water pipes and am fighting a war with people who manufacture pvc pipes. I am working with the Member of Parliament of our constituency to eradicate them. We are going to prepare a report and present it to the parliamentary committee that deals with this issue. I cannot tell you how glad I am to come across your article on this. We want to base our report on your article. Can you please send me some references of the research work done on this aspect? Please do it fast as we have to submit the report next week. Thanks a lot for your help.
Krishna: WOW! Glad to hear this. a parliamentary report based on my article? Will send you the references immediately.
How about getting into parliamentary premises and impacting the law makers? 
And I got a message from a person all the way from a remote village in Bihar sometime back saying that the above article of mine made all the people of the village change their minds from using cPVC pipes for drinking water and thanking me for it!
Then  a message comes from Coimbattore thanking me for educating them on the drawbacks of superstitious beliefs. Another one comes from Assam  saying that my articles on rust and non-stick pans (; ) ( )
have helped them choose iron utensils for cooking instead of nonstick ones improving the health of some people!
A girl here told me that her fear of ghosts disappeared when she read this article of mine : Science and the paranormal and that she could sleep well without any fear now.
Several students and their parents told me they use my articles and art work as guide while taking important decisions in their lives. 
I can add innumerable instances of the impact of my work  that can run into several pages. 
Do you know how many people want to join this network and are applying? I feel bad because I am not taking any right now as we have limited space and resources and am asking them to stay outside and follow me and if they want to interact with me they can send messages to me.
And when you speak about a universal subject like science and  are on the net and use English as your medium you can't help impacting the whole world! I get messages from Africa (black magic, mycotoxins), Australia (general scientific knowledge), America, Latin America and all remote corners of not only India but Earth!
Now how about that for an impact?
I know without advertisements, there still remain areas to be covered but still I think I have gone very far and wide.
People themselves are taking me to places! And how! 
I can very satisfactorily say now, "I too helped people around the world in my own way". 
Q: Is your's a science communication network?! I don't see a single equation, difficult to understand scientific jargon anywhere. How is this possible? 
Krishna:  :) That is the promise I made to people and I am keeping it up! I don't want  people to run away from me and my network. I want them to visit this network over and over again. And they do!
I have several scientist friends. I asked almost all of them to write for my network. Some of them said they can't! Some had tried and sent their  articles to me but I couldn't publish even a single one because I thought they were too scientific to be understood by laymen. So I fight a lonely battle.
I have several physicist friends. Best brains in the world working in some of the prestigious labs in Europe, Australia, America and Canada. They are working on Quantum mechanics, Astrophysics, and all the high end fields. Whenever they discuss physics, I gatecrash into their arenas to learn things. 
I listen and read what they have to say most of the time. I ask Qs too. When they explain things to me they use lots of formulas, jargon and what not. I cannot understand a thing what they  try to say.  I tell them to delete all that. 'Only text and simple English please', I demand of them. They say they can't explain without using the things they use! They think a Ph.D. can understand their language easily! And I fight with them and ask them to forget that I am a Ph.D. I tell them to follow Einstein and his way of explaining things or 'dumb down' things.
 And each one gives one different answer to my Qs. "Are you giving your opinions? Sorry I don't want your opinions, only facts please", I tell them. They say I drive them nuts. :) Yes, like a toddler I ask them so many questions and demand of  them to explain in a simple language that make them pluck their hair in panic!
The problem is a highly placed scientist finds it very difficult to do what I ask of him/her!
I daily go for a roller-coaster ride. I go up to learn things and get a thrill out of it and then come down to share my knowledge with others around and get satisfaction from it. This is a very difficult action and not many can do it. Somehow I manage it! :)

Successful Science Communication

Fellow scientists, beg your pardon

I abandoned the jargon
In the communication garden
Complication is a mind burden

Instead, I hugged the art
And the literature part 
Which made my messages effective dart
That locked onto mind's heart! 
AS 80
Q: Do you think your science based art and literature really makes an impact on people, if the answer is 'yes' to what extent it helped people?
Krishna: Had the answer been 'no', I wouldn't have entered this arena in the first place. Having said that, I also want to add, it is not easy connecting art and literature to science because art and science work in different ways.  I choose the themes I think can be used without compromising science. That limits the subjects I can use. That is why you don't find many people experimenting with these things in the first place.  
My work definitely helps people understand science in general. It tells about the importance of science,  some scientific concepts, what makes science what it is, some latest developments in science, overall view of science, how science works, new developments etc. 
If you think only some aspects help people and others don't, you are highly mistaken. All of science is important and understanding everything in it helps in life's  success. Science is science. If you think only medical science or agriculture science is important and others are not, how do you explain the fact that some people are making their lives miserable with superstitions and other baseless beliefs, by falling prey to cheats, unable to use modern day science and technology to their benefit? How do you explain people losing lives to simple electricity, lightening, pollution etc.? 
So I want to touch all those aspects I think will help people. If I cannot do art work on a subject or write poems on it, I use text to educate people. Covering all things of science  in one way of science communication or the other to help people is the method I follow. People themselves are guiding me and asking me to deal with the subjects that matters the most to them.
To what extent my science communication is helping people? My answer would be, "To a large extent", and that is not an exaggeration! Thousands of people that are visiting this network and thousands of them who are in contact with me outside of this network can vouch for it!

Q: What strange problems did you face while communicating science?

Krishna: Just two days back I, in the company of some of my scientist friends, was defending science and criticizing pseudo-science. But a person who follows a guruji who propagates pseudo-science started attacking us all of a sudden. 

When one of my friends started providing evidence, this person said, " I will not listen to Christian evidence".

Then I said, "Evidence is just evidence in science. There won't be Hindu evidence, Christian evidence or Muslim evidence."

But this person was adamant, "No I won't listen to this Christian person. He is against my Hindu guruji".

Then my friend asked me to give the evidence to which I agreed and started my speech. But this person stopped me too and said, "You people hate our guruji. That is why you are saying these things". 

Then I said, "We are not against anybody. We are only against pseudo-science. If your guruji, whom we don't even know anything about, propagates it, naturally you feel this way. Just consider what we say, then decide who is wrong and who is right."

Then he got up and said, "No, I won't listen to anything you people say. You are against my guruji, my religion and my belief ", and walked out. 

We don't know anything about this guruji. Then how can we say anything against him? We 're only against pseudo-science. What a strange situation to be in! We were being accused of things we weren't doing!

'How can we deal with such close-minded, mis-guided and hatred-filled people?' is the Q that is bothering us now.

Another episode: Somebody  asked us, a group of of people from various fields, whether dogs can predict their owners' pregnancy. People told very beautiful, creative but imaginative stories. Some men depicted how their dogs 'guessed' their wives were pregnant , how their pets even 'predicted' that delivery of the babies had taken place in the family and showed strange behaviour.

Then somebody had asked me to   explain all this scientifically. I was literally shocked by their stories as they were just creative anecdotal experiences without any scientific back up. This was my explanation:  

"People tell strange stories, don't they?
What people say is anecdotal and just their interpretations of the situation, not reality.
Yes, dogs can sense hormonal (chemical) changes that occur in a pregnant lady because of altered scent. But they really don’t know the science behind pregnancy. Therefore, they cannot realize their owner is pregnant. Sensing the change in odour is not sensing pregnancy. Get that right first.
If pregnancy related hormonal changes has you riding the emotional roller coaster, your dog is probably noticing it too. But it really cannot phantom the reason for it. It might change its response to your behaviour.
Any positive behavioural changes you say happen is just your wishful thinking, strange perception and attributing your thoughts to dogs and other pets! That’s all!"

Then one person started attacking me. " How can you humiliate us like this? We have very special bonds with our pets. My dog could predict my wife was pregnant. It predicted my daughter was born. If you say he can't do this, you are insulting him! You are insulting and humiliating our family. And what I told is the truth".Then he enquired where I did my Ph.D. and said, " Your university provides bogus degrees. You are a bogus Ph.D. You are a bogus scientist. You don't know anything about these things". And then added, "Did that hurt you? Now you know how much we're hurt by your answer".

I was dumb-founded. What was my fault? Telling facts? Clear misconceptions? Making people differentiate between facts and fiction? Hurting anybody wasn't my intention at all.

We are strange people. People of science  have very poor emotional quotient. We just speak truth as it is without any emotional attachments. We have pets at home too. But I never interpret their behaviour in such strange ways. I never claim my pets can predict things like scientists with their extensive knowledge can do!

I wasn't hurt by these words and behaviour of these persons but started wondering how can I improve myself in putting facts before people more efficiently. I cannot weave false stories to attract people. I cannot mislead people with emotional episodes. My scientific training doesn't allow me to say things or accept stories that have no evidence. Shall I keep quiet and let these people spread misconceptions? I cannot do that either. I will have to reveal truth. If that hurts some what can I do? Sorry! I can't help!

Another one: Some of us, a group of scientists, were discussing a hot topic with some lay men. While we were  providing evidence to stress what we said was right, one person stopped us and said, "Your belief is wrong". Then I said, "It is not my belief, it is an evidence based fact". The person said, "What difference does it make? You are expressing your opinions as if they are ultimate truths". Then I said, it is not my opinion either, it is evidence based fact, get that right".   

" When people of science say something, they usually don't express their opinions or beliefs. They mention evidence based facts. We can show you evidence of what we say to stress it is an established fact".

Then this person who was arguing with me said, "It doesn't make any difference to me whether it is a belief or an opinion or a fact. You might use any word for it, it is still wrong".

Then I said, "How can something that is based on solid evidence be wrong"? The person said to our horror, "It is wrong because , it is against my belief"! 

"Then I asked, "Doesn't evidence count? Can't you consider it"? The person said, "NO, no, never, if it is against my belief!"

Ufff ... what can you do with things like confirmation biases and cognitive dissonance? What can you do if you face a person who doesn't know the difference between opinion, belief and an evidence established fact? And refuses to understand the difference when explained?

How can we deal with them? Scientists are bothered about these things because while communicating science these things are becoming great obstacles.

And we were also severely attacked, trolled, heckled, intimidated, threatened and ... fill the blank space all the negative things you can imagine.

Not everybody will be like these people. Most of the people we interact with are very sweet. They try to understand what we say. But out of  thousands, one or two will be extremely problematic and these people try to influence others around too. And we are concerned about them more!

Despite everything our show goes on and on. These things cannot stop us in anyway.

Q: How did you learn communicating science? Have you done any courses?

Krishna: I didn't do any courses. But I had to explain things scientific to my family members. That's how it all started. Almost all of my family members are into commerce. They don't have any science background. I don't understand commerce! So I created interest in them about science. We talk only science when I am at home! No commerce! That is how I manipulated their interest.  Especially my sister is very interested in learning all things science ... She did, CAIIB and is working with a bank. She asks me so many questions on science that made me a good communicator of science.

Then my niece and nephew also are interested in science. While talking to children and explaining things to them, you learn how to communicate in a simple language.   

My home is my school! Experience is my teacher!!

Q: How do you deal with subjects like physics and chemistry which are not your specialization?

Krishna: I have basic knowledge in almost all science subjects! We were taught them in school and  college. Why even while doing my M.Sc., we had maths, physics, biochemistry, biometry and learnt them in my first semester and wrote exams in them and passed with maximum marks! 

Then I read a lot. Original research papers published in high standard journals, not second hand explanations. Even the most difficult research papers have abstracts and conclusions that are simple to understand. I also watch videos made by scientists. Then, I experiment with some high standard science magazine sections of science journals.

I have scientist  friends in several areas. If I find something difficult to understand, I approach them and ask them to explain things.  I ask questions like a child and try to get simple answers.

I am not an expert in all subjects but if you are really interested in learning things, who or what can stop you? Yes, of course, I have an advantage over others in dealing with science because I am a trained scientist and your jargon is not jargon for me! :)

Q: Not all people will be interested in science. How can we make everybody read science?

Krishna: How about making them view science through art? How about making it fun with poems?

That is what I do! Even the most closed mind opens when it sees my art work based on science. Even the most illiterate  person gets attracted to my pictures in colour. I have no problem at all in attracting people.

Then I try to make things as simple as possible. That sometimes gets close to fiction but actually are fact based stories! Balancing facts with real stories, not fiction, is an interesting aspect of science communication.

"Science simplification" for a scientist is difficult but when you really try it, it becomes very interesting.

Q: Can you do justice to science when you are dealing with art and literature? 

Krishna: I think, I can most of the time. Unlike journalists, artists and writers who are not trained in science, my attempt is purely based on my intention of  protecting my subject and presenting it as it is without any distortions. That is not easy. Trying to balance several things takes a lot of time and effort. It tests my mental capabilities. But somehow I manage it. And when people tell me they are happy with my work, I feel satisfied. Because they are the litmus papers.

Q: Do you think your work of science communication can change people?

Krishna: My main aim is to put things  reasonably accurately in a simple and attractive way before them, stir their grey matter, and make them think. 

If you do that you will succeed most of the time. Yes, people told me my work has greatly impacted them 

Q: How do you deal with controversial subjects while communicating science?

Krishna: If the controversy is between science and faith or pseudo-science, I take the side of science because after a thorough critical analysis, I find it the most accurate thing to follow.

If the controversy is between two views of science ( although just opinions have no place in science, if the science is not established fully, it becomes controversial ), I put both sides before people with all possible evidences and leave it to them to decide what to trust.  

If it affects them some way, I ask them to be cautious while dealing with the subject.

Q: Can I follow you while writing about science?

Krishna: Follow me but don't copy me. Develop your own style.

(Copying is imitating an action. Following is imitating the principle behind the action.

Copy” is an act of copying the result. “Follow” is an act of knowing the process through which the result was achieved and then copying the process. In English, the word “copy” & “follow” are used interchangeably there by diluting the entire meaning of the words.)

Q: How can we deal with people who have no respect for science?

Krishna: I came across such people several times. Most of my scientist friends also told me they  too experienced strange situations with these people. Some human beings  just close their minds to evidence, facts, knowledge, reality and just believe in whatever they think is truth.

I tried my best to open their minds to science. Some agree to this but some totally refuse to come in to the world of science. These people have 'conditioned minds'. How can you de-condition them? How can you re-educate them? We discussed this a lot. Being in a hostile situation makes us very stressful too. While keeping our stress in control, emotions in control to not to react adversely towards them, is quite a balancing act. Science communication is a very difficult job.

I have learnt to be tolerant but when something is really harming and hurting them and when they refuse to realize what is that that is causing this harm, and blame everything else except the real cause and when you really know what is wrong with that situation, it really is a testing time. Know what? People listen to you when they are in such situations! I wait till I get  those conditions and then strike. And I achieve success to a great extent!

It is quite unfortunate to observe that some people don't realize their mistakes until they themselves suffer a lot. Feel sorry for them. 

 Q: What are the most important things a science communicator should keep in mind while writing an article?


1. Authenticity. The internet is full of fake stories, pseudo-science, misconceptions, and false propaganda. A science communicator  should be able to differentiate between  genuine science and pseudo-science. He or she should try to read the original research paper and try to realize whether what is being told is an established fact or not. It is the responsibility of a science communicator to write only on authentic reports and not fake ones and add more confusion to the already confused minds. 

2. Usefulness of the story. The story can be useful to just researchers. This helps them to work on them, improve on them, discover or invent new things based on them. Some stories merely add to the knowledge. But while writing for the lay man, you should also consider whether the story helps the man on the street to improve his life in any way. 

3. Simplicity. People reading your story should be able to fully understand what you are trying to convey. 

Q: Have you ever gone through bad behaviour while communicating science that has shaken you up from the core of your heart?

What shocks me to no end is when people consider my science based facts as no answers at all or when they consider I am ignorant about reality! Recently two people asked me Qs about 'haunting highways' and 'black magic'.

Several people  told several interesting stories that they had seen ghosts on highways and faced black magic consequences. People liked them because they thought they ‘re real!

But when I explained, when asked, why people 'saw'ghosts or 'suffered' because of black magic based on science, some people said that I didn't know anything about them and that I should keep quiet if I didn't know anything about them! (For these people 'ghosts are real' and 'black magic is real' and science is false! )

The reality is 'If anybody knows the truth about these things, it is the scientists. Rest all are imaginative stories based on just perceptions and illusions', but these people refuse to accept answers based on critical thinking, science and reality.

For them pseudo-science, irrational beliefs, and delusions are reality. What type of world are we living in? No wonder when science is trying to take us towards light, these people are afraid of that light.

We can forgive a child who is afraid of darkness but we can never forgive an adult who is afraid of light!

Yes, some people are afraid of light and try to remain in darkness! And they try to harass people who are trying to light lamps!

Q: How do you know whether what you said is understood by people around you or not?

Krishna: People themselves tell this! Let me also add that not just verbal communication, their body language, strange Qs they ask, destructive criticism because they failed to understand what you are trying to say because of their lack of interest in learning new things - all these things tell you whether your communication mechanism is working properly or not.

Q: Which topics are better for science communication?

Krishna: I think all are good. People should learn all about science to get maximum benefit from it. 

For instance, if you think magnetism is not much of use to people, I want to contest that thinking. Just a few days back it was reported in the media here that an illiterate relative of a patient was asked to carry an oxygen cylinder along with the patient into an MRI chamber by an illiterate ward boy. This resulted in the death of the relative as the iron oxygen cylinder he was carrying was sucked into the MRI machine with such speed that hit him on the head so severely that he was killed instantly. A science literate would have definitely avoided such a mishap!

That is why I try to cover everything. No topic is unimportant in science. 

With the complex connections between emerging technologies and social systems, everyone also should have the opportunity to engage with all of science.

However, some experts think subjects that bring immediate benefits in peoples' day today life can be placed a bit above others. Like health issues, agriculture, superstitions that  can cause harm to them. 

Q: How can we fight the increase of scientific ignorance?

As people of science, we are increasingly getting frustrated as the gap between us and the general public is increasing day by day. People are treating pseudo-science and misinformation as facts and spreading them like wild fire. This cannot be self-cured.

Also, there are a few people of science who themselves are spreading pseudo-science in the name of science. 

How can we increase science literacy? Through genuine science communication. Making science simple and people-friendly. I myself have founded a science communication network online. I communicate science through art and literature too. I have been doing this for the past 12 years. I am giving lectures, speeches, participating in science-art shows, press conferences and literary festivals, writing articles on science in a very simple language that people can understand without using much jargon. Thousands visit my network to get the genuine information we provide.

If you really want to increase your science literacy, you can visit my network here:

Science Simplified!


Q: What do you get in return when you communicate science?


Q: If people lack scientific knowledge, what mistakes do they make?  

Krishna: I face this everyday! People fear for even small things and come running to me with complaints, strange explanations, perceptions and even stupid suggestions!

I won't get angry because they never had an opportunity I had to understand things realistically and use the knowledge to conquer fear, pain, frustrations and all sorts of things that impede progress. That is why it became my endeavour to get them science-educated. But this is proving tougher for us as other things are controlling them and their minds. First we have to bring them out of those things and then again re-educate them.  Science communication is proving tougher than working in a lab!

Q: What practices are emerging in science communication?

Science-art-literature interplay

and this: art from science

Q: I noticed your articles and answers are usually very brief. Why is this? Why don't you give more elaborate answers and explanations?

Krishna: Do you think more is good? But experts have a different view based on  evidence on this. Simplification needs quality, not quantity. To make arguments stronger, you have to keep them shorter! Watch this video which explains why ...

Q: How annoyed do scientists get when a journalist or politician gets teh data, or interpretation of teh data, wrong in a scientific study?

But scientists are also responsible for this mix-up. They should explain things very clearly - science communication should be taken seriously. That is why scientists should themselves explain their work despite their tight schedules.

I wrote on several of these issues. You can read my write ups on right science communication or lack of it here: Science Simplified!

Q: Which subjects should I choose after 10th to become a commUnication scientist?

Q: Who are we communicating our science to? ( this Q was asked by an Indian origin scientist working in Belgium!)

Then how can the man on the street use this knowledge?

Usually transferring the complex science concepts from the labs to the ordinary world in the manner that makes some sense will be done by science journalists. However, as the journalists’ aim is different from that of the scientists, and also as they don’t understand science as well as the scientists do, they are faltering. Therefore science is being misrepresented and misunderstood. So these days the scientists themselves are trying to communicate science to the common people.

Science is being communicated to everybody around. Without science communication, no common man can understand science originated in the labs properly. And Science is not finished until it’s communicated.

Q: Are there any funny incidents you experienced while communicating science?

Krishna: Yes. People told me I should expand my knowledge in black magic and superstitions to understand  and believe in them.

That I invented the words like 'critical thinking', 'meta-analysis' and ' pseudo-science' to support my arguments as they don't exist in reality!  

That my Janam-kundali ( astrological  chart) and palm lines are very strong and that is why I don't ever get affected by black magic and paranormal activities but that shouldn't make me deny them! That I should let others believe in them and allow people who practice astrology and white magic to do their job without criticizing them!

Face Palm moments for me!

Q: Who is the Indian version of 'Neil DeGrasse Tyson'?

Krishna: ‘Indian version of being a “famous” science communicator’? None. Science communicators are not famous in India. Just science communicators from the scientific community? There are some. That list includes my name as well. Here is my proof: SCI-ART LAB

Q: Madam, I am a school student and don't know what science communication is. Can you please explain it to me?

Krishna; "Science communication generally refers to public communication presenting science-related topics to non-experts, and communication is the activity of conveying information."

 A science communicator is the person who delivers scientific facts to public. 

Q: Who is a science communicator? What are the prerequisites to become a science communicator?

Krishna: A science communicator is someone who bridges the gap between the science and the public.

Scientists communicate their work in two ways:

  1. Scientists publish their work in science journals with all the data and statistics and in a language that seems like Greek and Latin to the man on the street even if he is literate. Then think about the situation of illiterates. To a large section of people, these science journals don't exist at all!

These journals are used by scientists to communicate their work only to their colleagues in their field.

Usually transferring the complex science concepts from the labs to the ordinary world in the manner that makes some sense will be done by science journalists. They do it in the way in which they understand because it is very difficult even for them to understand the jargon and data and depend on the scientists' explanations to communicate the difficult subject. Therefore miscommunication is taking place with the result that science is being misunderstood and even hated by some. It's important for lay people to have some understanding of the science involved in the important problems we are facing right now like climate change, antibiotic resistance, vaccine safety, etc. to take right decisions and cooperate with the governing bodies. Unfortunately, coverage of scientific topics in the mass media all too often oversimplifies, fails to provide adequate context, and in some instances is downright wrong.

2. So scientists themselves are now trying to communicate their work to the man on the street by ‘dumbing down’ it a bit.

The communicator really has a job here to be an effective articulator of what the point is(about his/her science), what the progress is, why it matters, why it’s exciting, how it could be helpful. This makes people understand science the way it should be understood and helping in utilizing it the right way.

Read here more about it: Science Communication

And follow this space to learn genuine science: Science Communication

(These two are different links although look similar to each other)

Anybody who has genuine knowledge in science and can explain it to others in simple language can become science communicators. But these people should be able to understand complex research papers, jargon and importance of science to communicate effectively.

More Qs and answers here:

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Replies to This Discussion

What is the best way to communicate science?

Krishna: By making it very simple, communication becomes very attractive. My Science Communication space here is providing evidence that simple answers and write ups are attracting more people than complicated ones!

Communication by the science doers, not just talkers or enthusiasts controls fake news and increases authenticity. But will the latter listen? They keep talking! :)

One of the golden rules of science communication is : If you don't know enough of science, don't talk/write about it. Just listen/read.

First hand information should be obtained by directly contacting the relevant scientists or experts for authenticity; don't depend on second hand information from other sources.

Usefulness of stories should be given priority over attracting attention. However, if you take mass psychology into consideration, I found strange things. Sensational stories really attract people fast but the affect is short lived. Useful stories attract less people and takes a long time to get noticed but the effect is longer lasting.

Before communicating, try to think critically. Myths, speculations, pseudo-science need special treatment from the mind.

You will get more information on sci-com here: Science Simplified!

and here: Science Communication


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