text: However, 1,415 either did not attend or were unable to 
  complete adequate spirometry. Ultimately, 2,857 (67%) 
  of those eligible underwent both pre- and post-BD 
  spirometry. 
  
  Of these 2,857 participants, 2,090 (73.2%) had normal 
  spirometry, 265 (9.3%) had undiagnosed asthma, 330 
  (11.5%) had undiagnosed COPD, and 172 (6.0%) had 
  PRISm based on post-BD spirometry. Of the 595 
  individuals with spirometric evidence of asthma or 
  COPD, 253 were independently assessed by a 
  pulmonologist. In 245 of these 253 cases (97%), the 
  independent physician diagnosis agreed with the study 
  diagnosis of asthma or COPD. 
  
  Individuals in the COPD group were generally older 
  and more likely to be male compared with all other 
  study groups (Table 1). All groups, including healthy 
  control participants, had mean BMIs in the overweight 
  or obese ranges. The PRISm group was heaviest with an 
  average BMI of 34.7, and 22% of PRISm patients met 
  BMI criteria for morbid obesity. Compared with all 
  other groups, those with COPD were the most likely to 
  have active or previous tobacco use, with the highest 
  average total pack-years of 32.7. The control group had 
  the lowest number of people with active or previous 
  tobacco use. 