text: **Philosophy of logic and philosophical logic**
  *Philosophy of logic*is the philosophical discipline studying the scope and nature of logic.[59] It examines 
  many presuppositions implicit in logic, like how to define its basic concepts or the metaphysical 
  assumptions associated with them.[158] It is also concerned with how to classify logical systems and 
  considers the ontological commitments they incur.[159]*Philosophical logic*is one of the areas within the 
  philosophy of logic. It studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems in fields like 
  metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology.[160] This application usually happens in the form of extended or 
  deviant logical systems.[161] 