text: The effect of airspeed and altitude on the 
  gust load factor is important from the stand- 
  point of flying operations. The effect of alti- 
  tude is related by the term &, which would 
  related that an airplane flying at a given EAS 
  at 40,000 ft. (c=O.25) would experience a 
  gust load factor increment only one-half as 
  great as at sea level. This effect results be- 
  cause the true airspeed is twice as great and 
  only one-half the change in angle of attack 
  occurs for a given gust velocity. The effect of 
  airspeed is illustrated by the linear variation 
  of gust increment with equivalent airspeed. 
  Such a variation emphasizes the effect of gusts 
  at high 
  flight speeds and the probability of 
  structural damage at excessive speeds in turbu- 
  lence. 
  
  The flight operating strength of an airplane 
  is presented on a graph whose horizontal scale 
  is airspeed (V) and vertical scale is load factor 
  (n). The presentation of the airplane strength 
  is contingent on four factors being known: 
  (I) the aircraft gross weight, (2) the configura- 
  tion of the aircraft (clean, external stores, flaps 
  and landing gear position, etc.), (3) symmetry 
  of loading (since a rolling pullout at high speed 
  to approxi- 
  can reduce the structural 
  mately two-thirds of the symmetrical load 
  limits) and (4) 
  the applicable altitude. A 
  change in any one of these four factors can 
  cause important changes in operating limits. 
  
  limits 