text: Even when climate change and global warming shared concern about similar topics such as the 
  cause of the climate issue, global warming tended to focus on carbon emission phenomena, whereas 
  climate change preferred a more in-depth perspective, highlighting the importance of global action 
  to mitigate the climate issue in its second-largest cluster, with energy structure as the contributor to 
  carbon emissions in its third largest cluster. As invisible causes and disbelief in actions have long 
  been regarded as two key reasons for low climate concern [90], the two terminologies’ diﬀerences 
  in connotations suggest that introducing these absent sub-topics into global warming discourse or 
  highlighting climate change for its inherent connotations may help communicators raise public concern 
  about climate. 
  
  5.1.2. Political Connotations 
  
  Studies noted that frame preference between climate change and global warming reﬂects 
  individuals’ ideological spectrum, where climate change and global warming were favored by 
  the liberals and conservatives, respectively [10]. The cluster analysis of the semantic network in the 
  current study demonstrated that global warming triggered far more political responses than climate 
  change. The second largest cluster of global warming was politics-based, where hashtag “tcot”, favored 
  by right-leaning users and “p2”, favored by left-leaning users, were both ranked in the list of top nodes 
  of the global warming discourse, but neither was included in the list of top nodes of the climate change 
  discourse. Considering that earlier ﬁndings suggested that global warming was more likely to be used 
  by conservatives to question the reality of climate issue [11] and climate change is more commonly 
  adopted when discussing action against the climate change issue [5], global warming had a stronger 
  political connotation in public discussion. 