text: 2.2. Network Model for Cognition 
  
  Diﬀerent framework choices may create even more diﬀerences than have already been noticed. 
  Psychologists think that human beings are a collection of learned associations [33], and associative 
  response rather than simply linear logic form the structural basis of thought [34]. Associative 
  learning [35] is a long-standing assumption underlying cognitive science [14], suggesting that human 
  cognition toward the world forms a network pattern, where the world is organized into several groups 
  of related items and stored in a network model in the mind. When messages are processed by humans, 
  they are ﬁrst encoded into a temporary memory network and then linked to an existing associative 
  memory network for long-term storage [36]. In the network, a node represents a certain concept, 
  and edges refers to particular relationships, such as time sequences [37], similarity [38], semantic 
  connections [37], or cause and eﬀect [33] between two nodes. 
  
  When individuals search their memory for a particular piece of a message in their mind, 
  the targeted node becomes salient and activated in the temporary memory [39]. If two messages 
  are always activated simultaneously, their connection tends to be more robust and the messages are 
  regarded as associated [36]. If a link is recorded between two concepts, activations are likely to spread 
  through the link from one concept to another with or without conscious awareness [40]. Whereas 
  associations of nodes in the mind may not necessarily reﬂect the actual relationships of objects, in reality, 
  several factors, including media usage, personal experience, and political stance [34,41,42], may help 
  bundle diﬀerent sets of concepts. 