text: identifying risk for additional utilization has emerged due 
  to the growth of cost-sharing and capitated payment 
  models, particularly in the United States (US). As a result, 
  many US health care services organizations have begun 
  to prioritize early identification of individuals at risk for 
  downstream healthcare use at the onset of treatment 
  [10, 11]. Early risk assessment allows systems to deliver 
  greater value by 1) focusing limited health care re- 
  sources towards patients who are most in need, and 2) 
  identifying those who may require coordination of mul- 
  tiple providers and services to optimize outcomes. 