text: Excess airspeed at landing is just as undesira- 
  ble as a deficiency of airspeed. An cxccssivc 
  airspeed at landing will produce an undesirable 
  increase in landing distance and the energy to 
  be dissipated by the brakes for the field landing 
  or excessive arresting loads for theshipboard 
  landing. 
  In addition, the excess airspeed is a 
  corollary of too low an angle of attack and the 
  airplane may contact the deck or runway nose 
  wheel first and cause damage to the nose wheel 
  or begin a porpoising of the airplane. During 
  a flare to landing, any excess speed will be 
  to dissipate due to the reduction of 
  difficult 
  drag due to ground effect. Thus, if the air- 
  plane is held off with excess airspeed the air- 
  plane will 
  the consequence of a 
  barrier engagement, barricade engagement, 
  bolter, or considerable runway distance used 
  before touchdown. 
  
  insure a consistent, safe takeoff flying 
  nique. 
  
  tech- 
  
  TAKEOFF SPEED AND DISTANCE. The 
  takeoff speed of any airplane is some mini- 
  mum practical airspeed which allows sufficient 
  margin above stall and provides satisfactory 
  control and initial 
  rate of climb.. Depending 
  on the airplane characteristics, the takeoff 
  speed will be some value 5 to 25 percent above 
  the stall or minimum control speed. As such, 
  the takeoff will be accomplished at a certain 
  value of lift coefficient and angle of attack 
  As 
  specific to each airplane configuration. 
  a result, the takeoff airspeed (FAX or CM) of 
  any specific airplane configuration is a function 
  of the gross weight at takeoff. Too low an 
  airspeed at takeoff may cause stall, 
  lack of 
  adequate control, or poor initial climb per- 
  formance. An excess of speed at takeoff may 
  provide better control and initial rate of climb 
  but the higher speed requires additional dis- 
  tance and may provide critical conditions for 
  the tires. 