text: A factor that might contribute to the genesis of maladaptive 
  behaviors—including NSSI—is the extent to which one is able to 
  sustain the rise in the levels of uncertainty, which, broadly speak- 
  ing, might occur in different domains of subjective experience 
  (from bodily states to the possible outcomes of social interac- 
  tions, to the self, and to one’s personal identity). Every day, we 
  face some kind of uncertainty, but the degree to which it might be 
  distressing largely varies across individuals. High levels of intoler- 
  ance of uncertainty, or the attitude to react negatively to uncertain 
  situations and events (Ladouceur et al. 2000), are considered a 
  transdiagnostic vulnerability factor across several clinical condi- 
  tions such as anxiety, depression (McEvoy and Mahoney 2012), 
  and eating disorders (Kesby et al. 2017). Recently, such “fear for 
  uncertainty” has also been reported in neurotypical young adults 
  and adolescents in relation to excessive worry (Laugesen et al. 
  2003, Thielsch et al. 2015) and anxiety (Osmana ̆gao ̆glu et al. 2018). 
  There is also evidence of a positive reciprocal association between 
  intolerance of uncertainty and difficulties in emotion processing 
  in adolescents and that both tend to decrease with the transition 
  to adulthood (Lauriola et al. 2023). Crucially, NSSI is particularly 
  prominent in adolescence; its rate in non-clinical samples of ado- 
  lescence has increased alarmingly in this century, representing a 
  serious ongoing societal health concern (Xiao et al. 2022). 