text: French military superiority might have allowed him to press for more advantageous terms. Thus, his generosity to Spain with 
  regard to Catalonia has been read as a concession to foster pro-French sentiment and may ultimately have induced King Charles II 
  to name Louis's grandson Philip, Duke of Anjou, heir to the Spanish throne.[88] In exchange for financial compensation, France 
  renounced its interests in the Electorate of Cologne and the Palatinate. Lorraine, which had been occupied by the French since 
  1670, was returned to its rightful Duke Leopold, albeit with a right of way to the French military. William and Mary were 
  recognised as joint sovereigns of the British Isles, and Louis withdrew support for James II. The Dutch were given the right to 
  garrison forts in the Spanish Netherlands that acted as a protective barrier against possible French aggression. Though in some 
  respects the Treaty of Ryswick may appear a diplomatic defeat for Louis since he failed to place client rulers in control of the 
  Palatinate or the Electorate of Cologne, he did fulfil many of the aims laid down in his 1688 ultimatum.[89] In any case, peace in 
  1697 was desirable to Louis, since France was exhausted from the costs of the war. 