text: **Criticisms**
  
  The main criticisms of eliminative materialism and illusionism hinge on the counterintuitive nature of the 
  view. Arguments of this form are called*Moorean Arguments*. A Moorean argument seeks to undermine 
  the conclusion of an argument by asserting that the negation of that conclusion is more certain than the 
  premises of the argument.[79] 
  
  The roots of the Moorean Argument against illusionism extend back to Augustine of Hippo who stated 
  that he could not be deceived regarding his own existence, since the very act of being deceived secures 
  the existence of a being there to be the recipient of that deception.[note 1][80] 
  
  In the Early-Modern era, these arguments were repopularized by René Descartes, who coined the now 
  famous phrase*"Je pense, donc je suis"*("I think, therefore I am").[81] Descartes argued that even if he 
  was maximally deceived (because, for example, an evil demon was manipulating all his senses) he would 
  still know with certainty that his mind exists, because the state of being deceived requires a mind as a 
  prerequisite.[82] 
  
  This same general argumentative structure is still in use today. For example, in 2002 David Chalmers 
  published an explicitly Moorean argument against illusionism. The argument goes like this: The reality of 
  consciousness is more certain than any theoretical commitments (to, for example, physicalism) that may 
  be motivating the illusionist to deny the existence of consciousness. The reason for this is because we 
  have direct "acquaintance" with consciousness, but we do not have direct acquaintance with anything else 
  (including anything that could inform our beliefs in consciousness being an illusion). In other words: 
  consciousness can be known directly, so the reality of consciousness is more certain than any 
  philosophical or scientific theory that says otherwise.[83] Chalmers concludes that "there is little doubt 
  that something like the Moorean argument is the reason that most people reject illusionism and many find 
  it crazy."[84] 