text: The Queen sought a lasting peace between Catholic nations, but only after a French victory over 
  her native Spain. She also gave a partial Catholic orientation to French foreign policy. This was 
  felt by the Netherlands, France's Protestant ally, which negotiated a separate peace with Spain in 
  1648.[18] 
  
  In 1648, Anne and Mazarin successfully negotiated the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the 
  Thirty Years' War.[19] Its terms ensured Dutch independence from Spain, awarded some autonomy 
  to the various German princes of the Holy Roman Empire, and granted Sweden seats on the 
  Imperial Diet and territories controlling the mouths of the Oder, Elbe, and Weser Rivers.[20] 
  France, however, profited most from the settlement. Austria, ruled by the Habsburg Emperor 
  Ferdinand III, ceded all Habsburg lands and claims in Alsace to France and acknowledged her*de*
  *facto*sovereignty over the Three Bishoprics of Metz, Verdun, and Toul.[21] Moreover, 
  many petty German states sought French protection, eager to emancipate themselves from 
  Habsburg domination. This anticipated the formation of the 1658 League of the Rhine, 
  which further diminished Imperial power. 
  
  Baptismal certificate, 1638 