text: brakes. In all cases, it is necessary to make an 
  accurate prediction of minimum landing dis- 
  the available runway. 
  tance to compare with 
  A polished, professional landing technique is 
  necessary because the landing phase of flight 
  accounts for more pilot caused aircraft acci- 
  dents than any other single phase of flight. 
  
  specified speed may mean that the airplane may 
  stall, be difhcult to control, or develop high 
  rates of descent. On the other hand, an exces- 
  sive speed at landing may improve the control- 
  lability 
  (especially in crosswinds) but will 
  cause an undesirable increase in landing dis- 
  tance. The principal effect of excess landing 
  speed is described by: 
  In the prediction of minimum landing dis- 
  
  tance from the handbook data, the following 
  considerations must be given: 
  
  & v2*
  -= - 
  h 0 VI 
  Thus, a 10 percent excess landing speed would 
  cause a 21 percent increase in landing distance. 
  The excess speed places a greater working load 
  on the brakes because of the additional kinetic 
  energy to be dissipated. Also, the additional 
  speed causes increased drag and lift in the nor- 
  mal ground attitude and the increased lift will 
  reduce the normal force on the braking sur- 
  faces. The acceleration during this range of 
  speed immediately after touchdown may suffer 
  and it will be more likely 
  that a tire can be 
  blown out from braking at this point. As a 
  result, 10 percent excess landing speed will 
  cause at JUJ; 21 percent greater landing dis- 
  tance. 
  
  (1) Pressure altitude and temperature-to 
  
  define the effect of density altitude. 
  
  (2)’ Gross weight-which  define the CAS 
  
  or EAS for landing. 
  
  (3) Wind-a  large effect due to wind or 
  
  wind component along the runway. 