text: Although it was anticipated that the WSM would possess a 
  larger total lower-body muscle volume/mass than untrained 
  controls and other athletic/trained groups we have previ- 
  ously measured, the magnitude and pattern of the differen- 
  ces were unknown. The results indicated that the total 
  volume of the measured muscles was almost twice that of av- 
  erage untrained participants and 32–63% larger than subelite 
  and elite sprinters. Pronounced development of the anti- 
  gravity muscles (i.e., hip extensors, knee extensors, and plan- 
  tar ﬂexors) was perhaps not that surprising given the WSM’s 
  background in heavy lifting events (including being a double 
  deadlift world champion and record holder). However, the 
  hip ﬂexors appear less important in these tasks, possibly 
  explaining their more modest size, which was inferior to that 
  of three elite 100-m sprinters we have previously assessed. 
  The WSM’s plantar ﬂexors were particularly large relative to 
  untrained controls ( þ 120%). This could be due to the plan- 
  tar ﬂexors being the smallest of the antigravity muscle 
  groups that may experience very high mechanical stress 
  and, thus, a pronounced adaptive stimulus during heavy lift- 
  ing, carrying, and pulling tasks. Furthermore, the very heavy 
  and, therefore, low-velocity nature of these tasks may limit 
  the contribution of the stretch-shortening cycle and tendon 
  recoil to the positive/concentric work done by the plantar 