text: heat and causes the rise of pressure along line 
  CD. The power stroke utilizes the increased 
  pressure through the expansion along line DE. 
  Then the exhaust begins by the initial rejection 
  along line EB and is completed by the upstroke 
  along line BA. 
  
  The net work produced by the cycle of opera- 
  tion 
  is idealized by the area BCDE on the 
  pressure-volume diagram of figure 2.15. Dur- 
  ing the actual rather than ideal cycle of op- 
  eration, the intake pressure is lower than the 
  exhaust pressure and the negative work repre- 
  sents a pumping loss. The incomplete expan- 
  sion during the power stroke represents a basic 
  loss in the operating cycle because of the re- 
  jection of combustion products along line EB. 
  The area EFB represents a basic loss in the 
  operating cycle because of the rejection of 
  combustion products along line EB. The area 
  EFB represents a certain amount of energy of 
  the exhaust gases, a part of which can be ex- 
  tracted by exhaust turbines as additional shaft 
  power to be coupled to the crankshaft (turbo- 
  compound engine) or to be used in operating a 
  supercharger (turbosupercharger). 
  In addi- 
  tion, the exhaust gas energy may be utilized to 
  augment engine cooling flow (ejector exhaust) 
  and reduce cowl drag. 