text: **6.5 Conclusions**
  **Comprehensive EU legislation and its national transposition**form the frame of OSH for enterprises 
  and are the base for national legislations and governmental approaches and actions in all Member 
  States. According to many studies in different countries, sectors and enterprise sizes, legislation is the 
  key driver for preventive actions in enterprises. Moreover, the evaluations of EU OSH legislation show 
  that the EU Directives are the*‘reference frame for national OSH regulatory regimes’.*
  
  The major critical issue is the**effective and qualitatively substantive implementation of the**
  **legislation**— as opposed to ‘paper’ compliance, that is, the preventive quality of risk reduction 
  measures at the workplace. Evaluations, expert reviews and surveys, analysing the practical 
  implementation in Member States and the practice in enterprises (DG EMPL, EU-OSHA’s supporting 
  compliance reports, ESENER, SLIC evaluations), provide evidence about the current situation, the 
  strength and weaknesses of implementation, and compliance. EU and national reports show a high 
  variety of enterprise practices and governmental actions. Examples from stakeholders, professionals 
  and practitioners demonstrate best, good, moderate and also bad practices, depending on company 
  culture, size, sector and work task. 