text: regardless, comparable efforts to Google’s would cost many hundreds of millions of 
  dollars.   13 
  
  Independent researchers, entrepreneurs, and most other businesses and organizations are 
  unlikely to have the resources required to digitally scan millions of books nor purchase 
  licenses to digitized books in ways that could unlock the beneﬁts described above. Ensuring 
  greater competition and innovation in this space will require making this type of data 
  available to upstarts and other entities with limited resources. A well-designed and 
  appropriately governed digital books commons is one way to do that. 