text: Having said this, the idea that NSSI behaviors could reflect the 
  imperative to minimize uncertainty is not at odds but comple- 
  mentary to the idea that these behaviors might also be motivated 
  by reward achievement (remember that in active inference, both 
  uncertainty minimization and utility maximization can be in play 
  simultaneously). While NSSI behaviors are associated with a vari- 
  ety of adverse outcomes, such as negative emotions and distress 
  (Klonsky et al. 2003), they can also have paradoxically positive 
  effects by providing a way to relieve or distract from other sources 
  of emotional distress and negative affect (Nock and Prinstein 2004, 
  Chapman et al. 2006, Bresin and Gordon 2013, Selby et al. 2019). 
  The hedonic effect of NSSI behaviors might be further magnified 
  by poor models of one’s body and the self, as suggested by evidence 
  that children who engage in NSSI show aberrant responsiveness 
  to rewards (Tsypes et al. 2018). Finally, NSSI behaviors have habit- 
  ual components, which might contribute to their selection, over 
  and above consideration of utility maximization or uncertainty 
  reduction (Magerl et al. 2012). This body of evidence suggests 
  that if uncertainty minimization is a driver of NSSI behaviors, 
  as suggested here, it could work in concert with other drivers 
  (reward achievement and habit), in ways that are still poorly 
  understood. 