text: **JAMA Network Open | Emergency Medicine**
  
  subsequently evaluated 2 ED-to-inpatient handoff notes for each patient: (1) the physician-written 
  
  note and (2) the LLM-generated note. 
  
  On a Likert scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is unacceptable and 5 is excellent, the 3 physicians rated the 
  
  completeness, curation, readability, and correctness of the summary as shown in eTable 1 in 
  
  Supplement 1. Physicians rated the usefulness of the summary, defined as the capability of the 
  
  summary being incorporated into a workflow where a physician would make edits before final 
  
  completion, mitigating potential future self-referential learning loops and the downstream adverse 
  consequences.51 Likewise, the raters assessed potential patient safety implications of unmitigated 
  model errors using a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 denotes life-threatening risks and 5 denotes no 
  
  identified patient safety risk for completeness, curation, readability, and the 4 subcategories within 
  
  correctness (hallucination, faulty logic, knowledge gap, and bias), as well as the overall patient safety 
  risk.45 Evaluators arrived at prestudy consensus that a usefulness Likert score of at least a 3 out of 5 
  indicated that the LLM-generated summary likely demonstrated baseline acceptability for such a 