text: There is a shift of**workforce to administrative, communicative, and emotionally demanding and**
  **client-oriented sectors**, like the sectors ‘Education, human health and social work activities’ and ‘Trade, 
  transport, food/accommodation and recreation activities’ (more human–human interaction, less human– 
  machine interaction). Consequently, this development caused an overall**shift of risks to psychosocial**
  **and emotional challenges**and — mostly but by far not always — less physical activity. Some health 
  risks worsen in such types of work, like work with difficult clients or long working hours. Many approaches 
  and pilot projects have been developed to mitigate these workloads, but the implementation seems to 
  be limited to a minority of workplaces with high awareness of work-related health issues. Also, since 
  2005, statistics and surveys find a stagnation (practically no increase and no decrease) concerning the 
  development of**working time**,**time pressure and high workload**for workers. 
  
  When looking at the**overall relationship between work and some major diseases**in the adult 
  population (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, pulmonary diseases, hearing 
  loss), there is a clear connection to socioeconomic status that is a major cause of low life expectancy 
  and high morbidity. In public health morbidity and mortality studies, a more precise analysis of impact 
  of working conditions on health, as a very important factor of socioeconomic status, is very rare. This 
  would require more detailed knowledge and analysis of the health impacts of occupations and work 
  tasks and of the preventive measures at work, as well as an improvement in the detection capacities of 
  preventive and monitoring health systems. Identification of the approximate**attributable fraction of**
  **work to diseases**is still the subject of intense scientific debate, with clearer results for some relations 
  and less clear results for others. 