text: **Influx into pre-Viking Age Scandinavia**
  In EIA Scandinavia (<500 ce), we find evidence for broad genetic homo- 
  geneity. Specifically, individuals from Denmark (100 ce–300 ce) were 
  indistinguishable from contemporary people in the Scandinavian Pen- 
  insula (Fig. 2c). However, we observe a clear shift in genetic ancestry 
  already in the eighth century ce (Late Iron Age/early Viking Age) on 
  Zealand (present-day Denmark) for which a 100% EIA ancestry model 
  is rejected (*P*= 1 × 10−17 using Twigstats;*P*= 7.5 × 10−4 without). This 
  shift in ancestry persists among later Viking Age groups in Denmark, 
  where all groups are modelled with varying proportions of ancestry 
  related to Iron Age continental groups in central Europe (Figs. 3f 
  and 4c). A non-parametric MDS of Viking Age individuals suggests 
  that variation between individuals forms a cline spanning from the 
  EIA Scandinavian Peninsula individuals to ancestry characteristic of 
  central Europe (Fig. 4e). The observed shift in ancestry in Denmark 
  cannot be confounded by potentially earlier unknown gene flow into 
  Iron Age source groups in Austria, France and Germany, but such gene 
  flow could affect the exact ancestry proportions. 