text: **Fallacies**
  
  Not all arguments live up to the standards of correct reasoning. When they do not, they are usually 
  referred to as fallacies. Their central aspect is not that their conclusion is false but that there is some flaw 
  with the reasoning leading to this conclusion.[84] So the argument "it is sunny today; therefore spiders 
  have eight legs" is fallacious even though the conclusion is true. Some theorists, like John Stuart Mill, 
  give a more restrictive definition of fallacies by additionally requiring that they appear to be correct.[85] 
  This way, genuine fallacies can be distinguished from mere mistakes of reasoning due to carelessness. 
  This explains why people tend to commit fallacies: because they have an alluring element that seduces 
  people into committing and accepting them.[86] However, this reference to appearances is controversial 
  because it belongs to the field of psychology, not logic, and because appearances may be different for 
  different people.[87] 