text: NAVWEPS OD-BOT-80 
  APP,LlCATlON OF AERODYNAMICS 
  TO SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF FLYING 
  
  on the lift characteristics is typified by the il- 
  lustration of figure 6.7. 
  
  A large formation of ice on the leading edge 
  of the wing can produce large changes in the 
  local contours and severe local pressure gra- 
  dients. The extreme surface roughness common 
  to some forms of ice will cause high surface 
  friction and a considerable reduction of bound- 
  ary layer energy. As a result of these effects, 
  the ice formation can produce considerable in- 
  crease in drag and a large reduction in maxi- 
  mum lift coefficient. Thus, the ice formation 
  will cause an increase in power required and 
  stall speed. In addition, the added weight of 
  the ice formation on the airplane will provide 
  an undesirable effect. Because of the detri- 
  mental effects of ice formation, recommended 
  to 
  anti-icing procedures must be followed 
  preserve the airplane performance. 