text: The Company has future obligations for Ñnal capping, closure and post-closure costs with respect to the 
  landÑlls it owns or operates as set forth in applicable landÑll permits. Final capping, closure and post-closure 
  costs include estimated costs to be incurred for Ñnal capping and closure of landÑlls and estimated costs for 
  providing required post-closure monitoring and maintenance of landÑlls. The permit requirements are based 
  on the Subtitle C and Subtitle D regulations of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as 
  implemented and applied on a state-by-state basis. Obligations associated with monitoring and controlling 
  methane gas migration and emissions are set forth in applicable landÑll permits and these requirements are 
  based upon the provisions of the Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended. Final capping typically includes installing 
  Öexible membrane and geosynthetic clay liners, drainage and compact soil layers, and topsoil, and is 
  constructed over an area of the landÑll where total airspace capacity has been consumed and waste disposal 
  operations have ceased. These Ñnal capping activities occur throughout the operating life of a landÑll. Other 
  closure activities and post-closure activities occur after the entire landÑll ceases to accept waste and closes. 
  These activities involve methane gas control, leachate management and groundwater monitoring, surface 
  water monitoring and control, and other operational and maintenance activities that occur after the site ceases 
  to accept waste. The post-closure period generally runs for up to 30 years after Ñnal site closure for municipal 
  solid waste landÑlls and a shorter period for construction and demolition landÑlls and inert landÑlls. 