text: As a consequence of these or other deficits in developing 
  appropriate models of emotional and self-models, a person might 
  experience significant interoceptive uncertainty and perceive her 
  own internal states in confused and uncomfortable ways later 
  in life. Suppose that the interoceptive channels are unreliable 
  and the internal models rooted in bodily experiences are poor. 
  In that case, a person might construe a sense of personal stabil- 
  ity through external, non-interoceptive signals, such as feedback 
  from others and from the world, rather than via interoceptive 
  signals. Engaging in social interactions, in which we experience 
  affective states relevant to our self-confirmation (e.g. a sense 
  of acceptance and kindness), might be particularly challenging 
  for this person (Guidano 1987, Arciero and Bondolfi 2009). While 
  interacting with others, she might experience ambiguous bodily 
  and emotional states. She might be unable to reduce this uncer- 
  tainty using the other as an external point of reference since  What are the possible causes of interoceptive uncertainty? 
  Consider, e.g. a person with physiological deficits in interocep- 
  tive pathways that do not allow her to clearly sense interoceptive 
  streams and identify her emotional states and embodied self. 
  These deficits might prevent the person from developing an appro- 
  priate model of her emotions (e.g. a model that clearly specifies 
  what emotion she feels and in which conditions) and a good 
  understanding of the emotions and the affective states of others 
  and hence be constantly uncertain about them (see also Smith 
  and Lane 2015, Smith et al. 2018, 2019). Such detachment from 
  one’s body and bodily information might result from adverse 
  experiences during infancy and childhood, such as emotional 
  and physical neglect (Schmitz et al. 2023), or—in less dramatic 