text: **2. Background**
  
  2.1. Climate Change, Global Warming, and Frames 
  
  Existing studies have noted that the subtle diﬀerence between climate change and global warming 
  evokes diﬀerent public cognitive responses, where global warming“indicates heat-related impacts, 
  human causes, increased UV light penetration, ozone depletion, and the greenhouse eﬀect, whereas 
  climate change is more associated with a wide range of inﬂuences on climate, including drought and 
  agriculture [9]. An N-gram analysis suggested that global warming showed a closer connection with 
  ice, snow, and sea, whereas climate change was always connected with scientiﬁc investigations, such as 