text: medieval individuals (*P*≪ 1 × 10−32). Instead, the majority of individuals 
  from medieval Poland can be modelled only as a mixture of ancestries 
  related to Roman Iron Age Lithuania, which is similar to ancestries of 
  individuals from middle to late Bronze Age Poland (44%, 95% confidence 
  interval 36–51%), an ancestry component related to Hungarian Scyth- 
  ians or Slovakian La Tène individuals (49%, 95% confidence interval 
  41–57%) and potentially a minority component of ancestry related to 
  Sarmatians from the Caucasus (*P*= 0.13) (Fig. 2c). Four out of twelve 
  individuals from medieval Poland, three of whom are from the late 
  Viking Age6, carried detectable Scandinavian-related ancestry. Some 
  of the ancestry detected in individuals from later medieval Poland may 
  have persisted during the late first millennium ce in the cremating 
  portion of the population, but regardless, this points to large-scale 
  ancestry transformation in medieval Poland (Fig. 3a). Future data could 
  shed light on the extent to which this reflects the influence of groups 
  speaking Slavic languages in the region. 
  
  In present-day Slovakia, individuals associated with the Iron 
  Age La Tène period appear close to Hungarian Scythians in the two 
  dimensions of our MDS analysis, and are modelled as a mixture of 
  central and eastern European ancestry. However, a first-century ce 
  burial of a 50–60-year-old woman from Zohor is modelled only with 
  Scandinavian-related ancestry, providing evidence of ancestry related 
  to the Scandinavian EIA appearing southwest of the range of the Wiel- 
  bark archaeological complex5,57 (Fig. 3b). Later early medieval individu- 
  als from Slovakia have partial Scandinavian-related ancestry, providing 
  evidence for the integration between expanding and local groups. 