text: **Results**
  
  **Automated Tasks**
  Of 1600 patients, the mean (SD) age was 59.8 (18.9) years and 832 (52%) were female. In**Table 2**, 
  
  ROUGE and BERTScore compare the summaries with the testing set from our annotations, and 
  
  SCALE score compares the summaries with the source notes. From automatic evaluation results, we 
  
  observed that LLM-generated summaries had better scores than the physician summaries, such that 
  
  ROUGE-2 was 0.322 vs 0.088, BERT-precision was 0.859 vs 0.796, and SCALE was 0.691 vs 0.456, 
  
  suggesting the LLM-generated summaries were more similar and more detailed than the physician 
  
  summaries. 
  
  **Clinical Evaluation Tasks**
  The clinical evaluation results for LLM-generated summaries and physician-written summaries are 
  
  shown in**Table 3**and**Table 4**. The mean clinical quality scores of the automated summaries are in a 
  
  comparable range (4-5) to those of the physician summaries. However, the automated summaries 
  
  were observed to be of lower quality compared with the physician-written summaries with regards 
  
  to mean (SD) usefulness (4.04 [0.85] vs 4.36 [0.71]), completeness (4.00 [0.88] vs 4.16 [0.84]), 