text: A large number of previous studies have assessed potential impacts of future climate change 
  using the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble or subsets of this [7], 
  and some have framed this in terms of impacts at global warming of 1.5°C and/or 2°C [8,9]. We 
  also base our study on a subset of CMIP5 projections, but use a new, higher-resolution atmosphere 
  model to provide greater spatial detail and improved representation of atmospheric processes. 
  
  2. Methods and models 
  (a) Global climate simulations at 1.5°C and 2°C global warming 
  
  There are a number of ways in which 1.5°C or 2°C global warming can be deﬁned—one could 
  be the long-term climate state following a stabilization of warming at that level, another could 
  be the state over a shorter period around the time of ﬁrst reaching that level. Here we choose the 
  second deﬁnition, which is what is seen ﬁrst and hence needs to be adapted to. There are also 
  a number of methods with which such changes can be assessed [10]. We take the opportunity 
  of availability of a new set of higher-resolutions transient climate and impacts simulations, and 
  use a time-sampling methodology [10] to assess global-scale impacts at these resolutions for the 
  ﬁrst time. 