text: ***7.4.2 Reliable and measurable indicators***
  
  Several indicators are used to**assess and estimate the quality and effectiveness of the preventive**
  **systems and processes**. Not only the EU but also other countries have introduced such indicator- 
  based monitoring systems, for example, Norway,484 South Korea,485 Japan, 486 Taiwan,487 Singapore, 488 
  United States,489 Canada,490 Australia 491 and New Zealand.492 
  
  The responsible institutions or authorities in these countries often developed several types of indicator, 
  for example, indicators for implementation of protective legislation, for system effectiveness as well as 
  for health outcomes. International organisations have also developed such monitoring indicators, for 
  example, the ILO,493 the ILO in its OSH country profiles,494 the WHO495 and the UN496 (see textbox). 