text: **Extended Data Fig. 8 | Replication previous Viking Age ancestry modelling.**
  **a**, P-values of 1-source qpAdm models with target groups shown as rows and 
  source groups shown as columns, replicating Extended Data Fig. 5a of ref. 6 
  Left column uses p-values obtained from ref. 6. Middle and right column 
  correspond to newly computed p-values in a qpAdm using, respectively, all 
  SNPs and Twigstats-2000. Outgroups are YRI, CHB, DevilsCave_N.SG, WHG, 
  EHG, Anatolia_N, Yamnaya, Estonia_CordedWare.SG (Supplementary Table 1). 
  We excluded Denmark_IA.SG and England_Roman.SG from the rotational 
  scheme as these groups overlap in ancestry with England_IA.SG and Norway_IA, 
  respectively. Only samples with coverage exceeding 0.5 are used. For each target 
  group, the source group with the largest p-value is shown with a black circle. 
  **b**, qpAdm models of ref. 7 where modern populations are used as sources. 
  As in ref. 7, we show ancestry proportions averaged over individuals in each 
  group, where for each individual the model with the smallest number of 
  sources and largest p-value is chosen.**c**, Replication using the same target 
  samples as in**b**. We fit a maximum of two sources and choose the model with 
  the smallest number of sources and largest p-value, requiring p > 0.01 for 
  1 source and p > 0.001 for 2 source models. The set of individuals used in**b**and**c**
  are identical and are comprised of targets with an accepted model in all SNPs 
  and Twigstats-1000, removing 15 of 167 individuals. We additionally remove 17 
  individuals that did not have a feasible model in ref. 7. 