text: Arguments can be either correct or incorrect. An argument is correct if its premises support its 
  conclusion. Deductive arguments have the strongest form of support: if their premises are true then their 
  conclusion must also be true. This is not the case for ampliative arguments, which arrive at genuinely new 
  information not found in the premises. Many arguments in everyday discourse and the sciences are 
  ampliative arguments. They are divided into inductive and abductive arguments. Inductive arguments are 
  statistical generalization—such as inferring that all ravens are black, based on many individual 
  observations of black ravens.[2] Abductive arguments are inferences to the best explanation—for 
  example, when a doctor concludes that a patient has a certain disease, as the best explanation for the 
  symptoms that they are observed to suffer.[3] Arguments that fall short of the standards of correct 
  reasoning often embody fallacies. Systems of logic are theoretical frameworks for assessing the 
  correctness of arguments. 
  
  Logic has been studied since antiquity. Early approaches include Aristotelian logic, Stoic logic, Nyaya, 
  and Mohism. Aristotelian logic focuses on reasoning in the form of syllogisms. It was considered the 
  main system of logic in the Western world until it was replaced by modern formal logic, which has its 
  roots in the work of late 19th-century mathematicians such as Gottlob Frege. Today, the most commonly 
  used system is classical logic. It consists of propositional logic and first-order logic. Propositional logic 
  only considers logical relations between full propositions. First-order logic also takes the internal parts of 