text: **National data**showed similar coefficients; a calculation for two EU Member States showed a coefficient 
  of 27 for Germany (only permanent handicap) and 66 for France. 167 EU-OSHA used the severity data 
  of Eurostat in its study on ‘The value of occupational safety and health and the societal costs of work- 
  related injuries and diseases’ (2019). 168 
  
  According to the publication ‘Causes and circumstances of accidents at work in the EU’ (DG EMPL and 
  Eurostat), the types of work accidents**causing the longest average days of absence**are: ‘Slipping, 
  stumbling and falling’ (46 absence days), followed by three more categories at the same level: ‘Loss of 
  control of machines or handheld tools’, by ‘Shock, fright, violence, aggression, threat, presence’,169 and 
  by ‘Electrical problems, explosion and fire’ (all three types of accidents with an average of 38 days of 
  absence).170 
  
  To conclude, for an estimate of the burden of accidents at work, the distinction between fatal and non- 
  fatal is too rough.**ESAW data allow a finer analysis, at least for the sectors with higher accident**
  **risks.**The high number of serious and permanent health outcomes cause human suffering and 
  significant societal costs; but they play an undervalued role in discussions on work accidents as OSH 
  indicators. It has to be mentioned that these data play a large role as**indicators in non-European OSH**
  **systems**; Canada uses the Disabling Injury Frequency Rate (DIFR).171 Australia applies incidence and 