text: the study is longitudinal 
  follow-up at multiple time points following an episode 
  of physical therapy for a variety of musculoskeletal pain 
  conditions. Anatomical location of pain was not a sig- 
  nificant predictor of healthcare use in all but one model, 
  a 
  suggesting results 
  spectrum of musculoskeletal pain conditions. Another 
  strength of this cohort study is the assessment of various 
  healthcare utilization outcomes of interest for establish- 
  ing health policy. When considered alongside more trad- 
  itional pain- or disability-related outcomes prediction 
  models, these findings will improve the ability of health- 
  care systems and providers 
  in 
  value-based purchasing environments. The consideration 
  of multiple screening tools (i.e. yellow flags and review 
  of systems) and treatment monitoring variables is also a 
  strength of this study as screening and systematic treat- 
  ment monitoring are not routine in clinical practice. A 
  final strength is inclusion of multiple sociodemographic, 
  health-related and psychosocial factors as potential pre- 
  dictors. Healthcare outcomes and utilization exhibit 
  emergent properties that require the consideration of 
  explain [50]. 
  multiple, 
  
  The primary strength of 
  
  are widely  applicable  across 
  
  Utilization outcomes benchmarks have not been estab- 
  lished to determine how the percentage of subsequent 
  healthcare use in this study compares to outcomes using 
  other health services. Prior studies suggest physical ther- 
  apy is associated with reduced incidence of additional 
  healthcare use compared to not using physical therapy 
  in patients with acute low back pain [10, 49]. Some  competing factors  to fully 