text: (i) in Fig. 8). The concentration increases further and when it approaches random close packing 
  
  φc, the viscosity diverges and the front pins itself. When pinned, further retraction only occurs 
  
  through evaporation (Fig. 7(b) and regime (ii) in Fig. 8). The front eventually depins and starts 
  
  to move again, leaving a nanoparticle ring behind (Fig. 7(c) and regime (iii) in Fig. 8). However, 
  
  the velocity is not as large as at the beginning, owing to the fact that the mean concentration of 
  
  particles has increased. The remaining particles are transported to the centre and are deposited 
  
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              [html]<thead><tr><td>DECE WIESI</td><td>The simple model used here shows, ( i ) that the contact line stops due to self - piming by the de -</td><td>posited particles and ( ii ) the Marangoni effect is not necessary for the ring formation. The model</td><td>can easily be refined to account for solutal and / or thermal Marangoni effects [ 88 ] but self - pining</td>
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