text: Please note that Eurostat employment data and ICOH data were retrieved in 2023. Current figures 
  might slightly deviate due to updates and corrections. 
  
  **Working conditions – Risk factors at work**
  
  **Shifts in work tasks and workforce between sectors, technological progress and the develop-**
  **ment of higher skill levels**have led to less work in manual occupations and more work in administrative 
  (clerical, professional, managerial, etc.) occupations as well as in client-oriented and communicative 
  occupations. 
  
  Consequently, these developments caused a**shift of risks to psychosocial and emotional**
  **challenges**. This can be documented by the growing percentage of workers who report difficult clients 
  (60%), long or irregular working hours (22%), and poor communication in the organisation (18%) (all 
  data from ESENER 2019 or EWCS 2015) The OSH risks for these occupations — gradually but also 
  significantly — shifted from safety risks to health risks. The psychosocial risks for mental health and the 
  emotional challenges increased; they clearly correlate with more work in emotionally demanding and/or 
  client-oriented sectors, be it in tourism, entertainment or education, public transport, social work, or 
  health and care. 