text: **Artificial neural networks**
  
  An artificial neural network is based on a collection of nodes also known as artificial neurons, which 
  loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. It is trained to recognise patterns; once trained, it can 
  recognise those patterns in fresh data. There is an input, at least one hidden layer of nodes and an output. 
  Each node applies a function and once the weight crosses its specified threshold, the data is transmitted to 
  the next layer. A network is typically called a deep neural network if it has at least 2 hidden layers.[104] 