text: the span from root to tip.‘ 
  Thus, the local 
  section angle of attack, LYE, and local induced 
  angle of attack, CY,, are constant throughout 
  the span. 
  is 
  it may be ex- 
  anything other than elliptical, 
  pected that the local section and induced angles 
  of attack will not be constant along the span. 
  A planform previously considered is the 
  simple rectangular wing which has a taper 
  ratio of 1.0. A characteristic of the rectangular 
  wing is a strong vortex at the tip with 
  local 
  downwash behind the wing which is high at 
  the tip and low at the root. This large non- 
  uniformity 
  in downwash causes similar varia- 
  tion in the local induced angles of attack along 
  the span. At the tip, where high downwash 
  exists, the local induced angle of attack 
  is 
  greater than the average for the wing. Since 
  the wing angle of attack is composed of the 
  sum of at and aor a large local (x, reduces the 
  local a0 creating low local lift coefficients at 
  the tip. 
  ‘Ihe reverse is true at the root of the 
  rectangular wing where low local downwash 
  
  If the planform area distribution 