Occupational safety and health in Europe - state and trends 2023 
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work – EU-OSHA 157 
 
 
405 Short descriptions are available on the ISO website, the complete ISO standards are priced. ISO 9001, ISO 
14001 and IISO 31000, n 
406 ISO Committee TC 183: Occupational health and safety management systems 
https://committee.iso.org/home/tc283  
407 ILO, 2009: Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems (Second Edition)  
https://www.ilo.org/safework/info/standards-and-instruments/WCMS_107727/lang--en/index.htm  
408 Köper B, Möller K, Zwetsloot G., 2009: The Occupational Safety and Health Scorecard – a business case 
example for strategic management, Scand J Work Environ Health 2009;35(6):413-420, doi:10.5271/sjweh.1361  
409 Hutchinson, B., Dekler, S. Rae, A., 2022: Writing plans instead of eliminating risks: How can written safety 
artefacts reduce safety?, 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925753522000789?via%3Dihub  
410 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2013: Analysis of the determinants of workplace 
occupational safety and health practice in a selection of EU Member States, European Risk Observatory, 
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union,  
doi:10.2802/558  
411 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work: Overview page on ESENER https://osha.europa.eu/en/facts-
and-figures/esener, Data visualisation of ESENER data: https://visualisation.osha.europa.eu/esener/en  
Its third wave, interviewing more than 45,00 establishments across all business, size classes and activity sectors 
in 33 countries, was completed in 2019 and provides comparable results with the 2014 wave. 
412 Schmitt, B., Hammer, A.:2015: Für welche betrieblichen Kontexte ist der Prozess der Gefährdungsbeurteilung 
anschlussfähig? WSI-Mitteilungen, 68(3): 202-211; https://www.wsi.de/de/wsi-mitteilungen-fuer-welche-
betrieblichen-kontexte-ist-der-prozess-der-gefaehrdungsbeurteilung-13201.htm  
413 Beck and Lenhardt, 2019; Lenhardt and Beck, 2016; Baldock et al., 2006: Influences on Small-Firm 
Compliance-Related Behaviour: The Case of Workplace Health and Safety, in: Environment and Planning C: 
Politica and space https://doi.org/10.1068/c0564 ; 
414 Kooperationsstelle Hamburg et. al.. 2010: Contract to analyse and evaluate the impact of the practical 
implementation in the workplace of national measures implementing Directive 98/24/EC on Chemical Agents Final 
Report, Ch. 5 on Risk assessment. The percentage of adequate risk assessments in Member States varies 
between 10% and 50%,  https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=10152&langId=en  
415 Lippel, K., Quinlan, M., 2011: Psychosocial hazards in the workplace: Challenges for regulators, Labour 
Inspectors and Worker representatives, Safety Science: Vol. 49, Issue 4, 2011, 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/safety-science/vol/49/issue/4  
416 EU-OSHA: ESENER 2019 What does it tell us about safety and health in Europe’s workplaces? 
https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/esener-2019-policy-brief  
417 Base: All establishments undertaking lifting or moving people or heavy loads  
418 Base: All establishments undertaking repetitive hand or arm movements  
419 EU-OSHA: Third European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER 2019): Overview 
Report How European workplaces manage safety and health. Available at: 
https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/esener-2019-overview-report-how-european-workplaces-manage-safety-
and-health 
420 Sørensen O. H., Hasle P, Bach E., 2007: Working in Small Enterprises: Is There a Special Risk?” Safety 
Science 45, p 1044 – 1059, 10.1016/j.ssci.2006.09.005  
421 Occupational safety and health related research takes a place in all types of scientific disciplines in 
engineering and natural sciences, in medicine, in economic and social sciences and humanities.