There are a number of ways in which 1.5°C or 2°C global warming can be deﬁned—one could
be the long-term climate state following a stabilization of warming at that level, another could
be the state over a shorter period around the time of ﬁrst reaching that level. Here we choose the
second deﬁnition, which is what is seen ﬁrst and hence needs to be adapted to. There are also
a number of methods with which such changes can be assessed [10]. We take the opportunity
of availability of a new set of higher-resolutions transient climate and impacts simulations, and
use a time-sampling methodology [ 10] to assess global-scale impacts at these resolutions for the
ﬁrst time.