83 Eurostat: Working from home in the EU 
84 LFS Ad hoc module Work at home, percentage of Employed persons and LFS regular data collection Employed 
persons working from home as a percentage of the total employment  
85 EU-OSHA, 2021: Home-based teleworking and preventive occupational safety and health measures in 
European workplaces: evidence from ESENER-3 
86 Employed persons working from home as a percentage of the total employment, by sex, age and professional 
status (%), here 
87 There are more workers who spend most of their working time in private homes, e.g. technicians for 
maintenance and repair of technical systems like heating water supply or electricity, or gardeners. According to 
the ILO definition of domestic work they are not regarded as such. Care at home can be borderline if the care is 
mainly done for a few persons in a few homes. 
88 C189 European Alliance, 2021: Step up efforts towards decent work for domestic workers in the EU: 10th 
Anniversary of ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189)  
See there in the introductory chapter the difficulties to achieve reliable figures. For more info: ILO, 2021: Making 
decent work a reality for domestic workers: Progress and prospects ten years after the adoption of the Domestic 
Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) 
89 EU-OSHA, 2020: Well-being at work in the service voucher sector in Belgium