387 The OSH Barometer contains a special section dedicated to National OSH Strategies: 
https://visualisation.osha.europa.eu/osh-barometer/osh-steering/national-strategies 
388 One of the many schemes for the characterisation of national OSH-policies and practical implementation was 
developed in the Nordic Council of Ministers publication: Suikkanen, A., & Kunnari, M. 2008: Principles and 
concepts in Nordic occupational safety and health policies: dimensions of strategic thinking and approaches. 
Nordic Council of Ministers.    
It distinguishes between eight categories of state actions: punitive / supervising / regulative / legislative / 
incentivising / consultative / informative / networking / collaborating / awareness raising / knowledge enhancing 
(from training to research) 
389 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2021: Improving compliance with occupational safety and 
health regulations: an overarching review- Report Executive summary, European Risk Observatory Report, p43 
390 European Commission, DG EMPL: A non–binding guide to best practice with a view to improving the 
application of related directives on protecting health and safety of workers in agriculture, livestock farming,