Occupational safety and health in Europe - state and trends 2023 
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work – EU-OSHA 149 
 
 
202 Mazeikaite et al., 2021: What Drives CrossCountry Health Inequality in the EU? Unpacking the Role of 
Socioeconomic Factors  
203 Eurostat: LFS 2020 Ad hoc module, here 
204 Eurostat: Persons reporting a work-related health problem by sex, age and occupation, here 
205 Murray & Lopez, 1996: The Global burden of disease : a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability 
from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020, here 
Update: GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators, 2018: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment 
of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and 
territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, here 
206 European Burden of Disease Network 
207 WHO definition: ‘One DALY represents the loss of the equivalent of one year of full health. DALYs for a 
disease or health condition are the sum of the years of life lost to due to premature mortality (YLLs) and the years 
lived with a disability (YLDs) due to prevalent cases of the disease or health condition in a population.’ here 
208 Murray & Lopez, 1996:. The Global burden of disease : a comprehensive assessment of mortality and 
disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020, here 
209 IHME/GDB: GDB Compare - Vizhub, Visualisation of global health data, here 
210 Takala et al., 2017: Comparative Analysis of the Burden of Injury and Illness at Work in Selected Countries 
and Regions  
Ezzati et al., 2004: Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to 
selected major risk factors  
Nelson et al., 2005: The global burden of selected occupational disease and injury risks: Methodology and 
summary 
211 WHO: Protecting workers’ health, Key facts  
212 Pneumoconiosis: a group of lung diseases resulting from inhalation of particles of industrial substances, 
particularly inorganic dusts. 
213 IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) (2016). Rethinking development and health: 
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool?params=gbd-api-2016-
permalink/7193a516026f9a7df17cf73ea9ce3a5d Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Seattle, WA: 
IHME. IHME Database.  
214 WHO/ILO, 2021: WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury, 2000–2016: 
Global monitoring report 
215 Ibid., pp. 55-56. 
216 WHO/ILO, 2021: WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury, 2000–2016: 
Global monitoring report (p. 18). 
217 The figures of the working age population of 16 years and above are based on EU-OSHA calculations of data 
provided by the United Nations World Population Prospects database: United Nations, Department of Economic 
and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019, Online Edition. Rev. 1., File 
POP/1-1: Total population (both sexes combined) by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100 
(thousands), here 
218 WHO, Occupational Burden of Disease Application, https://who-ilo-joint-
estimates.shinyapps.io/OccupationalBurdenOfDisease/ and EU-OSHA calculations 
219 International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) data based on new and until today unpublished 
calculations: Takala et al.: Comparative Global Estimates on the Work-related Burden of Accidents and Diseases 
(preprint) 
220  WHO, Occupational Burden of Disease Application, https://who-ilo-joint-
estimates.shinyapps.io/OccupationalBurdenOfDisease/ and EU-OSHA calculations 
221 WHO/ILO, 2021: WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury, 2000–2016: 
Global monitoring report (pp. 55-56). 
222 WHO applied for the global estimates as reference the population with an age above 15 years. At EU level, 16