Article
Extended Data Fig. 1 | Collection of ancient genomes used in this study.  
a, Ancient DNA samples included in this study (Supplementary Table 1). Samples 
older than 3000 BCE are shown at 3000 BCE. b, Map showing mean coordinates 
of groups in the Iron, Early Modern, and Viking Ages. c , Source groups used in 
qpAdm modelling of Metal Age and early Medieval Europe (Figs.  2, 3 and 4), 
showing sample ages. Sample sizes are shown in grey boxes. d , FST between 
Metal Age and early Medieval groups computed using popstats 77 using options 
--FST --informative. Sample sizes are shown in brackets and we show one 
standard error.