were self-employed with employees (employers) and less than 1% were contributing family workers. Of 
all employed workers, 17.2% worked part-time and 13.3% had temporary contracts.  
Non-standard types of work that are characterised by the circumstance that the work is not taking 
place at the premises of the employer  are mobile and home- based work, domestic work, care work 
and long-term domestic care work, and online platform work. In 2019, approximately 77% worked at the 
employer’s premises, 5% at home, 9% at the cli ents’ places and 8% at non- fixed workplaces. With the 
onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the share of work at home more than doubled; in the EU27 it 
increased from 5.4% in 2019 to 13.4% in 2021.  
Compared to work at the premises of the employer, such non-standard workplaces often miss basic 
OSH facilities (Minimum requirements at workplaces directive), availability and suitability of help tools 
(Work equipment directive and Personal protective equipment directive), or provision of adequate digital 
and mobile tools (Display screen equipment directive).