Occupational safety and health in Europe - state and trends 2023 
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work – EU-OSHA 155 
 
 
367 ETUC, 2021: Huge fall in labour inspections raises Covid risk  
ETUC observed in the same period a fall of 0.5 million inspections. Quote: ‘New ETUC research reveals that 
safety inspections have been cut by a fifth since 2010, falling from 2.2 million annual visits to 1.7 million.’ 
368 Eurostat: Annual enterprise statistics by size class for special aggregates of activities (NACE Rev. 2), here 
21.2 million businesses have between 0 and 9 employees. 
369 EPSU, 2012: A mapping report on Labour Inspection Services in 15 European countries (p. 15ff).  
370 ETUC, 2021: Huge fall in labour inspections raises Covid risk  
371 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ESENER 2019, Question: Whether establishments have 
been visited by inspectorates in the last three years (% establishments by country ESENER 2019 and 2014, here  
372 SLIC, 2018: Labour inspectors’ guide for assessing the quality of risk assessments and risk management 
measures with regard to prevention of psychosocial risks, No-Binding Publication for EU Labour Inspectors, here  
373 EU-OSHA: E-guide to managing stress and psychosocial risks  
EU-OSHA, 2018: “Healthy workers, thriving companies - a practical guide to wellbeing at work”  
ISO, 2021: ISO 45003 Occupational health and safety management - Psychological health and safety at work - 
Guidelines for managing psychosocial risks, here  
374 European Commission, 2018: Promoting mental health in the workplace. Guidance to implementing a 
comprehensive approach  
375 ILO, 2012: Stress Prevention at Work Checkpoints. Practical improvements for stress prevention in the 
workplace  
ILO, 2021: Violence and harassment in the world of work: A guide on Convention No. 190 and Recommendation 
No. 206  
376 WHO, 2008: PRIMA-EF : guidance on the European framework for psychosocial risk management : a 
resource for employer and worker representatives  
377 OSH Barometer, section Steering of OSH, National strategies, Activities, here  
378 Arbetsmiljöverket, 2015: Organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö (AFS 2015:4), föreskrifter (Organisational and 
social work environment, Ordinance).  
379 The European Commission (2002) defined stress as the pattern of emotional, cognitive, behavioural and 
physiological reactions to adverse and noxious aspects of work content, work organisation and work environment.  
European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, 2000: Guidance on 
work-related stress – Spice of life or kiss of death?  
380 See the OSHWiki article on Psychosocial issues  
381 OSHWiki provides in its articles on ‘OSH System at national level’ for the EU Member States a chapter on the 
‘National strategy’, here  
382 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE 
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS: EU strategic 
framework on health and safety at work 2021-2027: Occupational safety and health in a changing world of work, 
{SWD(2021) 148 final} - {SWD(2021) 149 final, Brussels, 28.6.2021, here 
383 OSHWiki: EU OSH Strategic framework  
384 EU-OSHA, 2019: National Strategies in the field of Occupational Safety and Health in the EU  
385 The OSHWiki articles ‘OSH System at national level’ 
(https://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Category:OSH_systems_at_national_level ) contain a chapter on the ‘National Strategy’, 
mostly updated to the newest strategy. in the OSH Barometer see the Section National Strategies 
386 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2019: National Strategies in the field of Occupational Safety 
and Health in the EU, p 9, https://osha.europa.eu/en/file/108414/download?token=2yF1UnxW  
387 The OSH Barometer contains a special section dedicated to National OSH Strategies: 
https://visualisation.osha.europa.eu/osh-barometer/osh-steering/national-strategies