an individual’s risk for or resilience to depression before symptom 
onset, helping clinicians better determine when and how to intervene. 
Neuroscientists and clinicians also lack tools to facilitate detection 
and treatment of neurological disorders that co-occur, worsen or 
remit with pregnancy, such as epilepsy, headaches, multiple sclerosis 
and intracranial hypertension 47. Precision mapping of the maternal 
brain lays the groundwork for a greater understanding of the subtle 
and sweeping structural, functional, behavioral and clinical changes 
that unfold across pregnancy. Such pursuits will advance our basic 
understanding of the human brain and its remarkable ability to undergo 
protracted plasticity in adulthood.
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availability are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01741-0.
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