21. McGarry (2005).
22. Bertini, Del Bimbo & Torniai (2006).
23. Russell & Norvig (2021), pp. 272.
24. Representing categories and relations: Semantic networks, description logics, inheritance
(including frames, and scripts): Russell & Norvig (2021, §10.2 & 10.5), Poole, Mackworth &
Goebel (1998, pp. 174–177), Luger & Stubblefield (2004, pp. 248–258), Nilsson (1998, chpt.
18.3)
25. Representing events and time:Situation calculus, event calculus, fluent calculus (including
solving the frame problem): Russell & Norvig (2021, §10.3), Poole, Mackworth & Goebel
(1998, pp. 281–298), Nilsson (1998, chpt. 18.2)
26. Causal calculus: Poole, Mackworth & Goebel (1998, pp. 335–337)
27. Representing knowledge about knowledge: Belief calculus, modal logics: Russell & Norvig
(2021, §10.4), Poole, Mackworth & Goebel (1998, pp. 275–277)
28. Default reasoning, Frame problem, default logic, non-monotonic logics, circumscription,
closed world assumption, abduction: Russell & Norvig (2021, §10.6), Poole, Mackworth &
Goebel (1998, pp. 248–256, 323–335), Luger & Stubblefield (2004, pp. 335–363), Nilsson
(1998, ~18.3.3) (Poole et al. places abduction under "default reasoning". Luger et al. places
this under "uncertain reasoning").
29. Breadth of commonsense knowledge: Lenat & Guha (1989, Introduction), Crevier (1993,
pp. 113–114), Moravec (1988, p. 13), Russell & Norvig (2021, pp. 241, 385, 982)
(qualification problem)
30. Newquist (1994), p. 296.
31. Crevier (1993), pp. 204–208.
32. Russell & Norvig (2021), p. 528.
33. Automated planning: Russell & Norvig (2021, chpt. 11).
34. Automated decision making, Decision theory: Russell & Norvig (2021, chpt. 16–18).
35. Classical planning: Russell & Norvig (2021, Section 11.2).
36. Sensorless or "conformant" planning, contingent planning, replanning (a.k.a online
planning): Russell & Norvig (2021, Section 11.5).
37. Uncertain preferences: Russell & Norvig (2021, Section 16.7) Inverse reinforcement
learning: Russell & Norvig (2021, Section 22.6)
38. Information value theory: Russell & Norvig (2021, Section 16.6).
39. Markov decision process: Russell & Norvig (2021, chpt. 17).
40. Game theory and multi-agent decision theory: Russell & Norvig (2021, chpt. 18).
41. Learning: Russell & Norvig (2021, chpt. 19–22), Poole, Mackworth & Goebel (1998,
pp. 397–438), Luger & Stubblefield (2004, pp. 385–542), Nilsson (1998, chpt. 3.3, 10.3,
17.5, 20)
42. Turing (1950).
43. Solomonoff (1956).
44. Unsupervised learning: Russell & Norvig (2021, pp. 653) (definition), Russell & Norvig
(2021, pp. 738–740) (cluster analysis), Russell & Norvig (2021, pp. 846–860) (word
embedding)
45. Supervised learning: Russell & Norvig (2021, §19.2) (Definition), Russell & Norvig (2021,
Chpt. 19–20) (Techniques)
46. Reinforcement learning: Russell & Norvig (2021, chpt. 22), Luger & Stubblefield (2004,
pp. 442–449)
47. Transfer learning: Russell & Norvig (2021, pp. 281), The Economist (2016)
48. "Artificial Intelligence (AI): What Is AI and How Does It Work? | Built In" (https://builtin.com/ar
tificial-intelligence). builtin.com. Retrieved 30 October 2023.