Article
Extended Data Fig. 7 | Ancestry estimates stratified by genetic sex. a, Map 
showing ancestry carried by each Scandinavian Viking age individual. b, Ancestry 
proportions across individuals grouped by Latitude and genetic sex. c , Odds 
ratio and p-values calculated using a two-sided Fisher’s exact test on the number 
of males and females carrying each ancestry in Viking Age Denmark, Sweden, 
Norway, Iceland, and Gotland. d, F4 values of the form f4(Scandinavian_Peninsula_  
EIA(I), alternative source group, males in Viking group, females in Viking group) 
computed using all SNPs and Twigstats. A significantly positive value is 
evidence of attraction of females with pop2 or males with Scandinavian_
Peninsula_EIA(I). Number of males and females is shown in each facet title and 
we restrict to groups with at least four males and females. We plot one standard 
error. e, Map showing ‘farflung’ Viking individuals grouped by ancestry and 
genetic sex. In contrast to Fig.  4a and d where we showed results for the ‘best’ 
qpAdm model, here in panels a , b, c, and e, an individual is assigned an ancestry 
group, if it has any accepted model (p > 0.01) where that ancestry features.