of a similar kind, for example, the definition of essential work  that needs to be continued despite a 
high infection risk, and safety and hygiene measures for work in education, care or public transport.  
Legal and regulatory frameworks 
OSH is  a shared EU and national responsibility. Over the last 35 years, the EU developed a 
comprehensive legal framework that covers and regulates OSH risks. It changed the focus from 
prescription of obligatory prevention measures for certain predominantly safety risks towards a general 
preventive and participative approach. That is, all OSH risks have to be assessed, consultation between 
employers and workers is required, and OSH training, expertise and preventive capacities are required 
for every enterprise. All EU OSH directives have to be transposed into national law. In parallel, national,