types of enterprises. The role and power of all actors in these systems varies  substantially, defining 
such roles specifically for employers, workers’ representatives and safety representatives.  
During the last two decades, nearly all EU Member States have developed strategic approaches, mostly 
called ‘National OSH Strategies’ or ‘National OSH Plans’. In most cases, these strategies have helped 
to identify and mitigate recognised structural weaknesses of the national OSH system, for example, low 
levels of implementation of existing legislation, insufficient reporting and monitoring tools, or specific 
sector or risk -related actions, and finally also regulatory improvements. The EU OSH strategies and 
OSH strategic frameworks have often been used as orientation for objectives and actions of national 
strategies; the first started in 2002 (‘Communication from the Commission - Adapting to change in work 
and society: a new Community strategy on health and safety at work 2002- 2006’). The latest EU 
Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2021-2027 puts the focus on changes; it is titled 
‘Occupational safety and health in a changing world of work’ and focuses on three key objectives for the 
coming years: (1) anticipating and managing change in the new world of work brought about by the