3 
 
4.14 Defining an Enumerated Class ........................................................................................................ 44 
4.15 Adding Spiciness as a Property ....................................................................................................... 45 
4.16 Cardinality Restrictions .................................................................................................................. 46 
Chapter 5 Datatype Properties .................................................................................................................... 48 
5.1 Defining a Data Property .................................................................................................................. 48 
5.2 Customizing the Protégé User Interface ........................................................................................... 50 
Chapter 6 Adding Order to an Enumerated Class ....................................................................................... 58 
Chapter 7 Names: IRI’s, Labels, and Namespaces ..................................................................................... 60 
Chapter 8 A Larger Ontology with some Individuals ................................................................................. 62 
8.1 Get Familiar with the Larger Ontology ............................................................................................. 63 
Chapter 9 Queries: Description Logic and SPARQL ................................................................................. 66 
9.1 Description Logic Queries ................................................................................................................ 66 
9.2 SPARQL Queries .............................................................................................................................. 67 
9.21 Some SPARQL Pizza Queries ........................................................................................................ 67 
9.22 SPARQL and IRI Names ................................................................................................................ 70 
Chapter 10 SWRL and SQWRL ................................................................................................................. 72 
Chapter 11 SHACL ..................................................................................................................................... 76 
11.1 OWA and Monotonic Reasoning .................................................................................................... 76 
11.2 The Real World is Messy ................................................................................................................ 76 
11.3 Basic SHACL Concepts .................................................................................................................. 77 
11.4 The Protégé SHACL Plug-In .......................................................................................................... 77 
Chapter 12 Web Protégé ............................................................................................................................. 83 
Chapter 13 Conclusion: Some Personal Thoughts and Opinions ............................................................... 88 
Chapter 14 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 89 
14.1 W3C Documents ............................................................................................................................. 89 
14.2 Web Sites, Tools, And Presentations. ............................................................................................. 89 
14.3 Papers .............................................................................................................................................. 89