recognized an impairment loss in previous years. We do not reverse
impairment losses recognized for goodwill.
Investments
Investments in Associates and Joint Arrangements
An entity is an associate when we have a significant influence on the
entity’s financial and operating policies but do not control it. We are
generally presumed to have significant influence over an entity when
we hold more than 20% of the voting power.
A joint arrangement exists when there is a contractual agreement that
establishes joint control over its activities and requires unanimous
consent for strategic financial and operating decisions. We classify our
interests in joint arrangements into one of two categories:
 Joint operations, when we have the rights to the assets and
obligations for the liabilities related to the arrangement
 Joint ventures, when we have the rights to the net assets of the
arrangement.
We use the equity method to account for our investments in associates
and joint ventures, and we use the proportionate consolidation method
to account for our investments in joint operations.
We recognize our investments in associates and joint ventures initially at
cost, and then increase or decrease the carrying amounts based on our
share of each entity’s income or loss after initial recognition.
Distributions we receive from these entities reduce the carrying amount
of our investments.
We eliminate unrealized gains and losses from our investments in
associates or joint ventures against our investment, up to the amount of
our interest in the entity.
Investments in Publicly Traded and Private Companies
We classify our investments in publicly traded and private companies
where we have no control or significant influence as available-for-sale
investments, and account for them as follows:
 publicly traded companies: we record them at fair value based on
publicly quoted prices
 private companies: we record them at fair value using well
established market or asset based techniques, or projected income
valuation techniques, applying them to each investment’s future
operating and profitability prospects.
We record changes in the fair value of these investments in other
comprehensive income until we dispose of the investments or they
become impaired.
See note 14 for more information about our investments.
100 ROGERS COMMUNICATIONS INC. 2013 ANNUAL REPORT