^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 142–43.

^ Gould, pp. 144–50; Morgan, p. 320.

^ Gould, p. 48.

^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 49–50.

^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 98–99.

^ Morgan, p. 223.

^ Morgan, p. 225.

^ Gould, p. 201.

^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 220–22.

^ Jump up to: a b Lafeber, p. 714.

^ Gould, p. 233.

^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 196–98.

^ Jump up to: a b c d McCullough, pp. 256–59.

^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 44–45.

^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 45–46.

^ Morgan, pp. 217–18.

^ Nichols, p. 586; Gould, p. 46.

^ Morgan, pp. 218–19.

^ Gould, pp. 169–71.

^ Jump up to: a b Gould, pp. 153–54.

^ Gould, p. 155.

^ "The 1898 Wilmington Massacre Is an Essential Lesson in How State Violence Has Targeted Black Americans". Time Magazine. July 1, 2020.

^ "Letter from an African American citizen of Wilmington to the President". Learn NC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. November 13, 1898.

^ Bacote, p. 234.

^ Gould, pp. 156–57.

^ Bacote, pp. 