Retrieved October 19, 2021.
"Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Hamilton Fish (1808–1893)". Department of State. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
Martinez, J.Michael (March 15, 2021). "Scoundrels: Political Scandals in American History—Scandals of the 1870s". Retrieved February 27, 2022.
"President Ulysses S. Grant and Federal Indian Policy". nps.gov. Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
Block, Kathy.  Du Shane, Neal (ed.). "Skeleton Cave Massacre Site". American Pioneer & Cemetery Research Project. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
"Timeline of US Indian Massacres". aaanativearts.com. February 29, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2022.
