^ McFeely 1981, pp. xii, xiii, 522; White 2016, p. xxiv.

^ Swain, Susan (February 17, 2017). "C-Span Releases Third Historians Survey of Presidential Leadership". C-SPAN Survey on Presidents. Retrieved June 30, 2020. The most-average U.S. president, as rated by our historian participants is Ulysses S. Grant, who ranks 22 out of 43 presidents.

^ "Ulysses S. Grant". C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2017. September 4, 2001. Retrieved June 30, 2020.

^ Waugh 2009, p. 2.

^ The Economist, essay

^ Stiles 2016.

^ Maslin, NYT book review, 2017

^ Hunt 2017.

^ White 2016, p. xxiv.

^ Calhoun 2017, pp. 5–6, 592.

^ White 2016, p. 539.

^ Calhoun 2017, p. 592.

^ Axelrod 2011, p. 205.

^ Bradford, Jeff (March 29, 2021). "Business And Life Lessons From Ulysses S. Grant". Forbes. Retrieved April 10, 2021.

^ Heffernan 2021.

^ Farley 2021.

^ "Presidential Historians Survey 2021". c-span.org. Retrieved June 27, 2022.

^ Fieldstadt, Elisha (May 30, 2022). "Presidents ranked from worst to best". CBS News. Retrieved June 18, 2022.

^ Glynn, Erin (December 22, 2022). "Southwest Ohio native Ulysses S. Grant to get posthumous promotion". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved December 24, 2022.

^ Congressional Record. December 23, 2022.

