^ Leuchtenburg 2009, pp. 81–82.

^ See generally Nancy Beck Young, Lou Henry Hoover: Activist First Lady (University Press of Kansas, 2005)

^ Roark, James L.; Johnson, Michael P.; Cohen, Patricia Cline; Stage, Sarah; Hartmann, Susan M. (2012). The American Promise, Volume C: A History of the United States: Since 1890. Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 772. ISBN 978-0-312-56944-0.

^ Leuchtenburg 2009, pp. 80–81.

^ Fausold 1985, pp. 65–68.

^ Kennedy 1999, pp. 35–36.

^ Fausold 1985, pp. 68–71.

^ Fausold 1985, pp. 72–74.

^ Kaufman 2012, p. 502.

^ Houck 2000, pp. 155–156.

^ Carcasson 1998, pp. 350–351.

^ Leuchtenburg 2009b.

^ Fausold 1985, pp. 74–75.

^ Leuchtenburg 2009, pp. 104105.

^ Jump up to: a b Kennedy 1999, pp. 53–55.

^ Harris Gaylord Warren, Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), p. 175.

^ Fausold 1985, pp. 147–149.

^ Fausold 1985, pp. 93–97.

^ Whyte 2017, pp. 399–402, 414.

^ Whyte 2017, pp. 414–415.

^ Kumiko Koyama, "The Passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act: Why Did the President Sign the Bill?"Journal of Policy History (2009) 21#2 pp. 163–86

^ Leuchtenburg 2009, pp. 91–92.

^ Kennedy 1999, pp. 58–59.

^ Kennedy 1999, pp. 65–66.

