^ Heckscher (1991), p. 104.

^ Berg (2013), pp. 117–118

^ Berg (2013), p. 128

^ Berg (2013), p. 130

^ Berg (2013), p. 132

^ Heckscher (1991), pp. 83, 101.

^ Clements (1992) p. 9

^ Saunders (1998), p. 13

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 103.

^ Berg (2013), pp. 121–122

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 110.

^ Link (1947); Walworth (1958, vol. 1); Bragdon (1967).

^ Berg (2013), pp. 140–144

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 155.

^ O'Reilly, Kenneth (1997). "The Jim Crow Policies of Woodrow Wilson". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (17): 117–121. doi:10.2307/2963252. ISSN 1077-3711. JSTOR 2963252.

^ Berg (2013), p. 155

^ Berg (2013), pp. 151–153

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 156.

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 174.

^ McCartney, Molly (September 16, 2018). "A president's secret letters to another woman that he never wanted public". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 21, 2022.

^ Cooper (2009) pp. 99–101.

^ Berg (2013), pp. 154–155

^ Walworth (1958, vol. 1), p. 109

^ Bragdon (1967), pp. 326–327.

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 183.

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 176.

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 203.

^ Heckscher (1991), p. 208.

^ Berg (2013), pp. 181–182

^ Berg (2013), pp. 