(subscription required)

^ Baker 2004, pp. 123–134.

^ Klein 1962, pp. 381–387.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 135–140.

^ "Today in History: May 11". Library of Congress. Retrieved January 9, 2022.

^ "Oregon". A+E Networks Corp. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

^ Jump up to: a b c Birkner, Michael (September 20, 2005). "Buchanan's Civil War". Archived from the original on October 19, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2013.

^ Klein 1962, pp. 408–413.

^ Klein 1962, pp. 417–418.

^ Jump up to: a b Baker 2004, pp. 142–143.

^ Jump up to: a b Stampp 1990, p. 48.

^ Jump up to: a b Klein 1962, p. 150.

^ "Third Annual Message (December 19, 1859)". The Miller Center at the University of Virginia. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.

^ Klein 1962, p. 143.

^ Jurinski, pp. 16–17.

^ Klein 1962, p. 144.

^ Jump up to: a b Klein 1962, p. 147.

^ Boertlein, John (2010). Presidential Confidential: Sex, Scandal, Murder and Mayhem in the Oval Office. Cincinnati, Ohio: Clerisy Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-57860-361-9.

^ Klein 1955.

^ Sandburg, Carl (1939). Abraham Lincoln: The War Years. Vol. 1. 