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Lafeber, Walter (1986). "The 'Lion in the Path': The U.S. Emergence as a World Power". Political Science Quarterly. 101 (5): 705–18. doi:10.2307/2150973. JSTOR 2150973.
Nice, David C. (September 1984). "The Influence of War and Party System Aging on the Ranking of Presidents". The Western Political Quarterly. 37 (3): 443–55. doi:10.2307/448445. JSTOR 448445.
Nichols, Jeannette P. (December 1933). "Silver Diplomacy". Political Science Quarterly. 48 (4): 565–88. doi:10.2307/2142930. JSTOR 2142930.
Rauchway, Eric (July 2005). "William McKinley and Us". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 4 (3): 235–53. doi:10.1017/S1537781400002644. JSTOR 25144402. S2CID 162552066.
Weisenburger, Francis P. (June 1934). "The Time of Mark Hanna's First Acquaintance with McKinley". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 21 (1): 78–80. doi:10.2307/1896406. JSTOR 1896406.
Online
"Walter l. Cohen". Louisiana Historical Assoc. Archived from the original on February 25, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
"Sessions of Congress" (PDF). Congressional Directory. United States Senate. Retrieved March 11, 2012.

PhD dissertations
Full text available online through academic libraries.

Brady, David William. "A Congressional Response to a Stress Situation: Party Voting in the Mckinley Era" (The University of Iowa; Proquest Dissertations Publishing, 1970. 7023867).
Damiani, Brian Paul. 