The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-35852-0.
Franklin, John Hope (1974). The Enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Prologue.
Miller, Donald L. (2019). Vicksburg: Grant's Campaign That Broke the Confederacy. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-4137-0.
Friedman, Norman (1985). U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 978-0-87021-715-9.
Goethals, George R. (2015). Presidential Leadership and African Americans. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-81424-0.
Groom, Winston (2012). Shiloh 1862. National Geographic Society. ISBN 978-1-4262-0879-9.
Lewis, Lloyd (1950). Captain Sam Grant. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-52348-6.
Kaczorowski, Robert J. (1995). "Federal Enforcement of Civil Rights During the First Reconstruction". Fordham Urban Law Journal. 23 (1): 155–86. ISSN 2163-5978.
Kohn, George C. (2000). The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal. New York: Facts on File, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8160-4420-7.
McCormick, Robert R. (1934). Ulysses S. Grant The Great Soldier of America. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company.
Nevins, Allan (1936). Hamilton Fish: The Inner History of the Grant Administration. Vol. 2. New York: Dodd, Mead. ASIN B00085BDXU.
Porter, Lorle (2005). Politics & Peril: Mount Vernon, Ohio in the Nineteenth Century. Zanesville, OH: New Concord Press. ISBN 978-1-887932-25-7.
