^ McCoy 1989, p. 151.

^ Wilson, Gaye; Berkes, Anna; Ragosta, John. "James Madison". Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 24, 2022.

^ Ketcham 1990, pp. 669–670.

^ Magnet 2013, pp. 321–322.

^ Burstein & Isenberg 2010, pp. 609–611.

^ "Documents of the American South, University of North Carolina". University of North Carolina. 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2017.

^ Burstein & Isenberg 2010, pp. 85–86.

^ Burstein & Isenberg 2010, pp. 232–234.

^ Feldman 2017, p. 7.

^ Hoffer 2006, p. 363.

^ Hutson 2003, p. 156.

^ Miroff 2011, p. 149.

^ Corbett 2013, p. 78.

^ Ketcham 1990, p. 47.

^ Burstein & Isenberg 2010, pp. 106–107.

^ Madison, James (1817). "Detached Memoranda". University of Chicago. Retrieved February 19, 2017.

^ Madison 1908, p. 432.

^ Burstein & Isenberg 2010, pp. 4, 26.

^ Jump up to: a b Feldman 2017, p. 121.

^ Jump up to: a b Ketcham 1990, p. 149.

^ Feldman 2017, p. 52: "Madison knew that the institution of slavery contradicted the humanitarian ideals of the Revolution. His livelihood, then and throughout his life, depended on slavery... He was not trying to introduce abolition by subtleties. 