^ American President: An Online Reference Resource, Dwight David Eisenhower (1890–1969), "Life Before the Presidency," Archived June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia.

^ Trout, Steven (2010). On the Battlefield of Memory: The First World War and American Remembrance, 1919–1941. pp. xv–xxxii.

^ Ambrose 1983, p. 82

^ "General of the Army Dwight David Eisenhower". Army Historical Foundation. January 22, 2015. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.

^ "Dwight David Eisenhower, The Cenntennial". U.S. Army Center of Military History. 1990. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.

^ Ambrose 1983, p. 88

^ Wukovits, John F. (2006). Eisenhower. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-230-61394-2. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2011.

^ D'Este, Carlo (2002). Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life. New York: Henry Holt & Co. p. 223. ISBN 0-8050-5687-4. Retrieved June 15, 2011.

^ Irish, Kerry. "Dwight Eisenhower and Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines: There Must Be a Day of Reckoning", Journal of Military History, April 2010, Vol. 74, Issue 2, pp. 439–473.

