, An Encyclopedia of World History, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Part V, Section G, Subsection 1c, p. 794.

^ Congressional Research Service (2004), The Constitution of the United States: Analysis and Interpretation – Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 28, 2002, Washington: Government Printing Office, "Fifteenth Amendment", "Congressional Enforcement", "Federal Remedial Legislation", p. 2058.

^ Nevins, 568

^ Jump up to: a b c d Graff, 117–118; Nevins, 603–605

^ Graff, 118; Jeffers, 280–281

^ Nevins, 611–613

^ Nevins, 614

^ Nevins, 614–618; Graff, 118–119; Jeffers, 296–297

^ Nevins, 619–623; Jeffers, 298–302. See also In re Debs.

^ Nevins, 628

^ Nevins, 624–628; Jeffers, 304–305; Graff, 120

^ Francis Lynde Stetson to Cleveland, October 7, 1894, in Allan Nevins, ed. Letters of Grover Cleveland, 1850–1908 (1933) p. 369

^ Richard J. Jensen, The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–96 (1971) pp. 