^ Jump up to: a b Rubinkam, Michael (August 27, 2008). "Biden's Scranton childhood left lasting impression". Fox News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2008.

^ Farzan, Antonia Noori (May 21, 2019). "Joe Biden, who left Scranton at 10, 'deserted' Pennsylvania". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 7, 2021.

^ Ebert, Jennifer (January 20, 2021). "Joe Biden's houses". Homes and Gardens. Retrieved September 18, 2021.

^ Newman, Meredith (June 24, 2019). "How Joe Biden went from 'Stutterhead' to senior class president". News Journal. Retrieved September 18, 2021.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 364.

^ Witcover (2010), pp. 27, 32.

^ Frank, Martin (September 28, 2008). "Biden was the stuttering kid who wanted the ball". The News Journal. p. D.1. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013.

^ Jump up to: a b Witcover (2010), pp. 40–41.

^ Jump up to: a b Taylor (1990), p. 99.

^ Biden, Promises to Keep, pp. 27, 32–33.

^ Montanaro, Domenico. "Fact Check: Biden's Too Tall Football Tale". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 21, 2012.

