^ Peskin 1978, pp. 22–23.

^ Peskin 1978, p. 29.

^ Brown 1881, p. 56; Peskin 1978, p. 30.

^ Peskin 1978, p. 34.

^ Jump up to: a b c Rutkow 2006, p. 8.

^ "Phi Beta Kappa Presidents". PBK. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.

^ Rutkow 2006, p. 11.

^ Doenecke, Justus (October 4, 2016). "James Garfield: Life Before the Presidency". UVA Miller Center. Archived from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.

^ Rutkow 2006, p. 44.

^ "Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Collection Summary Title: James A. Garfield Papers Span Dates: 1775–1889 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1850–1881) ID No.: MSS291956" (PDF). Library of Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2019.

^ Brown 1881, pp. 74–75.

^ Peskin 1978, p. 82.

^ Peskin 1978, pp. 60–61.

^ Peskin 1978, p. 73.

^ Jump up to: a b Peskin 1978, pp. 86–87.

^ Jump up to: a b Peskin 1978, pp. 87–89.

^ Jump up to: a b c Peskin 1978, pp. 90–93.

^ Peskin 1978, pp. 98–101.

^ Jump up to: a b Peskin 1978, pp. 101–103.

