157–167

^ Jump up to: a b Holt 2010, 1515–1558

^ Jump up to: a b Rudin, Ken (July 22, 2009). "When Has A President Been Denied His Party's Nomination?". NPR. Retrieved February 15, 2017. When was the last time, if ever, that a sitting president was not nominated by his party for a second term? It only happened once to an elected president. That was Franklin Pierce... Four other presidents were denied the nomination of their party, but none of these were elected in their own right. They were: John Tyler, Whig, 1844... Millard Fillmore, Whig, 1852... Andrew Johnson, Democrat, 1868... Chester Arthur, Republican, 1884.

^ Wallner 2007, pp. 272–280

^ Holt 2010, 1610

^ Holt 2010, 1610–24

^ Wallner 2007, pp. 292–296

^ Gara 1991, pp. 177–179

^ Wallner 2007, pp. 303–304

^ Wallner 2007, p. 305

^ Jump up to: a b c d Wallner 2007, pp. 309–327

^ Boulard 2006, p. 20

^ Boulard 2006, pp. 55–56

^ Boulard 2006, pp. 65–66

^ Jump up to: a b Wallner 2007, pp. 327–338

^ Wallner 2007, pp. 337–343

^ Jump up to: a b Wallner 2007, pp. 341–343

^ Jump up to: a b Boulard 2006, pp. 