^ Jump up to: a b c d TJF: Embargo of 1807

^ Meacham, 2012, pp. 425–429.

^ Bernstein, 2003, p. 168; Meacham, 2012, p. 430.

^ Peterson (2002), pp. 52–53

^ Burstein, 2010, pp. 497–498.

^ Meacham, 2012, p. 430.

^ Tucker, 1990, v. 1, pp. 204–209, 232.

^ Cogliano, 2008, p. 250; Meacham, 2012, p. 475.

^ Ellis, 1996, p. 237; Appleby, 2003, p. 145.

^ Kaplan, 1999, pp. 166–168; Hayes, 2008, pp. 504–505.

^ Peterson, 1960, pp. 289–290; Hayes, 2008, pp. 504–505.

^ Ellis, 1996, p. 238; Appleby, 2003, pp. 128–129.

^ Ellis, 1996, p. 238.

^ Tucker, 1837, v. 2, p. 479.

^ Meacham, 2012, pp. 481–482.

^ TJF: I Rise with the Sun

^ Ellis, 1996, p. 232; Meacham, 2012, pp. 463–465.

^ U Va. Library

^ Adams, 1888, p. 48.

^ Jump up to: a b c Peterson, 1970, ch. 11 [e-book].

^ Hogan, 1987, pp. 28–29.

^ Gordon-Reed, 2008, p. 649.

^ TJF: James Madison

^ Crawford, 2008, p. 235.

^ "Millard Fillmore". University Of Buffalo. Retrieved November 24, 2022.

^ Jump up to: a b c Freeman, 2008, p.  12.

^ Ellis, 2003, pp. 207, 209.

^ McCullough, 2001, pp. 603–605.

