Together, they left Eastern banks unable to pay specie to the British when they recalled their loans to address their economic problems in international trade.[312] The panic drove the U.S. economy into a depression that lasted until 1841.[308]

Physical assault and assassination attempt
Lithograph of attempted assassination of Andrew Jackson published by Endicott & Co. (1835)
Jackson was the first president to be subjected to physical assault as well an assassination attempt.[313] On May 6, 1833, Robert B. Randolph struck Jackson in the face with his hand because Jackson had ordered Randolph's dismissal from the navy for embezzlement. Jackson declined to press charges.[314] While leaving the United States Capitol on January 30, 1835, Richard Lawrence, an unemployed house painter from England, aimed a pistol at Jackson, which misfired. Lawrence pulled out a second pistol, which also misfired. Jackson attacked Lawrence with his cane until others intervened to restrain Lawrence, who was later found not guilty by reason of insanity and institutionalized.[315][316]

Slavery
During Jackson's presidency, slavery remained a minor political issue.