^ Lindgren, James (November 16, 2000). "Rating the Presidents of the United States, 1789–2000". The Federalist Society. Retrieved February 14, 2020.

^ Densen, John V., ed. (2001). Reassessing The Presidency, The Rise of the Executive State and the Decline of Freedom. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. pp. ix, 1–32. ISBN 978-0-945466-29-1.

^ Newport, Frank (February 28, 2011). "Americans Say Reagan Is the Greatest U.S. President". Gallup.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2019.

^ Taranto & Leo 2004, p. 264.

^ Chesebrough 1994, pp. 76, 79, 106, 110.

^ Fornieri, Joseph R.; Gabbard, Sara Vaughn (2008). Lincoln's America: 1809–1865. Carbondale, Illinois: SIU Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8093-8713-7.

^ Randall 1962, pp. 65–87.

^ Schwartz 2000, p. 109.

^ Boritt & Pinsker 2002, p. 222.

^ Jump up to: a b Schwartz 2008, pp. 23, 91–98.

^ Schwartz 2008, pp. xi, 9, 24.

^ Schwartz 2008, pp. xi, 9.

^ The origin of the nickname is unknown. "A Civil War Mystery: Who Named Lincoln the 'Great Emancipator'?"Wheeler, Linda, The Washington Post, May 17, 2001.

^ Zilversmit, Arthur (1980). "Lincoln and the Problem of Race: A Decade of Interpretations". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 