[356] Following a 2017–2018 renegotiation, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) became effective in July 2020 as the successor to NAFTA.[357]

Asia
China
Before and during his presidency, Trump repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.[358] As president, Trump launched a trade war against China that was widely characterized as a failure;[359][360][361] sanctioned Huawei for its alleged ties to Iran;[362] significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese students and scholars;[363] and classified China as a currency manipulator.[364] Trump also juxtaposed verbal attacks on China with praise of Chinese Communist Party leader Xi Jinping,[365] which was attributed to trade war negotiations with the leader.[366] After initially praising China for its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic,[367] he began a campaign of criticism over its response starting in March 2020.[368]
Trump said he resisted punishing China for its human rights abuses against ethnic minorities in the northwestern Xinjiang region for fear of jeopardizing trade negotiations.[369] In July 2020, the Trump administration imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against senior Chinese officials, in response to expanded mass detention camps holding more than a million of the country's Uyghur Muslim ethnic minority.