^ "Governor Joseph Ritner" (biography). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, retrieved online December 30, 2022.

^ Secretary of the United States Senate. "Gag rule". United States Senate. Retrieved January 9, 2022.

^ Baker 2004, p. 32.

^ Jump up to: a b Baker 2004, pp. 30–38.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 38–40.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 38–43.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 43–51.

^ Klein 1962, p. 210, 415.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 51–58.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 58–65.

^ Jump up to: a b McPherson 1988, p. 110.

^ Tucker 2009, pp. 456–57.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 67–68.

^ Klein 1962, pp. 248–252.

^ Baker 2004, p. 69.

^ Jump up to: a b Baker 2004, pp. 69–70.

^ Baker 2004, pp. 70–73.

^ Klein 1962, pp. 261–262.

^ Jump up to: a b Baker 2004, pp. 77–80.

^ Jump up to: a b Baker 2004, pp. 80–83, 85.

^ James Buchanan, "Inaugural Address," Washington, D.C., March 4, 1857.

^ Paul Finkelman, "Scott v. Sandford: The Court's most dreadful case and how it changed history."Chicago-Kent Law Review 82 (2007): 3-48 at p. 46.

^ Carrafiello, Michael L. (Spring 2010). "Diplomatic Failure: James Buchanan's Inaugural Address". Pennsylvania History. 