^ Nevins, 498

^ Calhoun, 149

^ Nevins, 499

^ Graff, 106–107; Nevins, 505–506

^ Graff, 108

^ Tugwell, 184–185

^ Leip, David. "1892 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved February 22, 2008., "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved February 22, 2008.

^ Graff, 114

^ Jump up to: a b Nevins, 526–528

^ Nevins, 524–528, 537–540. The vote was 239 to 108.

^ Tugwell, 192–195

^ Welch, 126–127

^ Timberlake, Richard H. (1993). Monetary Policy in the United States: An Intellectual and Institutional History. University of Chicago Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-226-80384-5.

^ Festus P. Summers, William L. Wilson and Tariff Reform: A Biography (1974)

^ Nevins, 567; the vote was 204 to 140

^ Jump up to: a b Nevins, 564–566; Jeffers, 285–287

^ Lambert, 213–215

^ The income tax component of the Wilson-Gorman Act was partially ruled unconstitutional in 1895. See Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.

^ Nevins, 577–578

^ Nevins, 585–587; Jeffers, 288–289

^ Nevins, 564–588; Jeffers, 285–289

^ James B. Hedges (1940), "North America", in William L. Langer, ed.