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^ Cunningham 1996, pp. 105–106.

^ "Milestones: 1801–1829: Monroe Doctrine, 1823". Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs United States Department of State. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2017.

^ Unger 2009, pp. 312–313

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^ Jump up to: a b "America President: James Monroe: Campaigns and Elections". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved January 8, 2010.

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^ "Today in History: March 15". loc.gov. Library of Congress. 