^ Parmet, Herbert S. Eisenhower and the American Crusades (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972)

^ Yankek Mieczkowski, Eisenhower's Sputnik Moment: The Race for Space and World Prestige (Cornell University Press; 2013)

^ Peter J. Roman, Eisenhower and the Missile Gap (1996)

^ The Presidents's Science Advisory Committee, "Report of the Ad Hoc Panel on Man-in-Space" December 16, 1960. NASA Historical Collection

^ Greg Ward, "A Rough Guide History of the USA" (Penguin Group: London, 2003)

^ Jackson, Michael Gordon (2005). "Beyond Brinkmanship: Eisenhower, Nuclear War Fighting, and Korea, 1953–1968". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 35 (1): 52–75. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00235.x. ISSN 0360-4918. JSTOR 27552659.

^ Ambrose 1984, p. 51

^ Jones, Matthew (2008). "Targeting China: U.S. Nuclear Planning and 'Massive Retaliation' in East Asia, 1953–1955". Journal of Cold War Studies. 10 (4): 37–65. doi:10.1162/jcws.2008.10.4.37. S2CID 57564482.

^ Jump up to: a b Ambrose 1984, pp. 106–107

^ Ambrose 1984, p. 173

^ Zhai, Qiang (2000). "Crisis and Confrontations: Chinese-American Relations during the Eisenhower Administration". Journal of American-East Asian Relations. 9 (3/4): 221–249. doi:10.1163/187656100793645921.

^ Jump up to: a b Ambrose 1984, p. 231

^ Ambrose 1984, pp. 245, 246

^ Accinelli, Robert (1990). "Eisenhower, Congress, and the 1954–55 offshore island crisis". 