Battle of Fallen Timbers by R. F. Zogbaum (1896), depicting the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the final battle of the Northwest Indian War. The Ohio Country was ceded to the United States after its victory in this battle.
Ron Chernow describes Washington as always trying to be even-handed in dealing with the Natives. He states that Washington hoped they would abandon their itinerant hunting life and adapt to fixed agricultural communities in the manner of white settlers. He also maintains that Washington never advocated outright confiscation of tribal land or the forcible removal of tribes and that he berated American settlers who abused natives, admitting that he held out no hope for pacific relations with the natives as long as "frontier settlers entertain the opinion that there is not the same crime (or indeed no crime at all) in killing a native as in killing a white man."[325]
By contrast, Colin G. Calloway writes that, "Washington had a lifelong obsession with getting Indian land, either for himself or for his nation, and initiated policies and campaigns that had devastating effects in Indian country."[326] "The growth of the nation," Galloway has stated, "demanded the dispossession of Indian people. 