[89] He also proposed an amendment to prevent states from abridging "equal rights of conscience, or freedom of the press, or the trial by jury in criminal cases".[91]
Madison's Bill of Rights faced little opposition; he had largely co-opted the Anti-Federalist goal of amending the Constitution but had avoided proposing amendments that would alienate supporters of the Constitution.[92] Madison's amendments were mostly adopted by the House of Representatives as proposed, but the Senate made several changes.[93] Madison's proposal to apply parts of the Bill of Rights to the states was eliminated, as was his change to the Constitution's preamble which Madison thought would be enhanced by including a prefatory paragraph indicating that governmental power is vested by the people.[94] Madison was disappointed that the Bill of Rights did not include protections against actions by state governments,[d] but the passage of the document mollified some critics of the original constitution and shored up Madison's support in Virginia.[89] Ten amendments were finally ratified on December 15, 1791, becoming known in their final form as the Bill of Rights.[96][e]

Founding the Democratic–Republican Party
Thomas Jefferson founded the Democratic-Republican Party with Madison and broadly represented Southern interests.
