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^ "Historians Survey Results: John Quincy Adams". Presidential Historians Survey 2017. National Cable Satellite Corporation. 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

^ Rottinghaus, Brandon; Vaughn, Justin S. (February 19, 2018). "How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best—and Worst—Presidents?". New York Times. Retrieved May 14, 2018.

^ Howe 2007, pp. 244–245

^ Parker, James (February 13, 2020). "Three Authentic Writers Have Occupied the Oval Office". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 5, 2020.

^ "House History: Adams House". Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The President and Fellows of Harvard College. 2016.

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^ Krainik, Clifford. "Face the Lens, Mr. President: A Gallery of Photographic Portraits of 19th-Century U.S. Presidents" (PDF). The White House Historical Association. Retrieved September 4, 2009.

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