^ Jump up to: a b Witcover (2010), p. 8.

^ "French town's historic links to Joe Biden's inauguration". Connexionfrance.com. January 22, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2022.

^ Smolenyak, Megan (April–May 2013). "Joey From Scranton—VP Biden's Irish Roots". Irish America. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2020.

^ Nevett, Joshua (June 12, 2021). "Joe Biden: Unearthing the president's unsung English roots". BBC News. Retrieved May 24, 2022.

^ Entous, Adam (August 15, 2022). "The Untold History of the Biden Family". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 25, 2022.

^ Russell, Katie (January 8, 2021). "Joe Biden's family tree: how tragedy shaped the US president-elect". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.

^ Jump up to: a b Biden, Joe (2008). Promises to Keep: On Life and Politics. Random House. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-8129-7621-2.

^ Witcover (2010), pp. 7-8.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Broder, John M. (October 23, 2008). "Father's Tough Life an Inspiration for Biden". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2008.

