[463] However, in the 1980 election, Reagan projected an easy self-confidence, in contrast to Carter's serious and introspective temperament. Carter was portrayed as pessimistic and indecisive in comparison to Reagan, who was known for his charm and delegation of tasks to subordinates.[464] Reagan used the economic problems, Iran hostage crisis, and lack of Washington cooperation to portray Carter as a weak and ineffectual leader. Among elected presidents, Carter was the first since Hoover in 1932 to lose a reelection bid.[465] Carter began his presidency with a 66 percent approval rating,[466] which had dropped to 34 percent approval by the time he left office, with 55 percent disapproving.[467]
Carter's presidency was initially viewed by some scholars as a failure.[468][469][470] In the historical rankings of American presidents, Carter's presidency has ranged from 18th to 34th place.[471][472] The documentary Back Door Channels: The Price of Peace (2009) credits Carter's efforts at Camp David, which brought peace between Israel and Egypt, with bringing the only meaningful peace to the Middle East.[473][474] His post-presidency activities have been favorably received. The Independent wrote, "Carter is widely considered a better man than he was a president.