^ U.S. News & World Report, "Worst Presidents: Franklin Pierce" Archived October 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (2007): "His fervor for expanding the borders helped set the stage for the Civil War."^ "C-SPAN Survey". C-SPAN. 2009. Archived from the original on July 22, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.

^ Gara 1991, p. 182

^ Jump up to: a b Crockett, David A. (December 2012). "The Historical Presidency: The Perils of Restoration Politics: Nineteenth-Century Antecedents". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 42 (4): 881–902. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2012.04023.x.

^ Foner, Eric (2006). Give Me Liberty!: An American History. Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 413.

^ Roy F. Nichols, "Franklin Pierce", Dictionary of American Biography (1934) Capace, Nancy (2001). Encyclopedia of New Hampshire. pp. 268–69. ISBN 978-0-403-09601-5.

^ Flagel, Thomas R. (2012). History Buff's Guide to the Presidents. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House. p. 404. ISBN 978-1-4022-7142-7.

^ Robert Muccigrosso, ed., Research Guide to American Historical Biography (1988) 3:1237

^ Gara 1991, p. 181

^ Gara, Larry (September 2005). "Franklin Pierce: New Hampshire's Favorite Son [book review]". Journal of American History. 92 (2): 612. doi:10.2307/3659320. JSTOR 3659320.

