^ Donald 1996, p. 240.

^ Donald 1996, p. 241.

^ Donald 1996, p. 244.

^ Oates 1974, pp. 175–176.

^ Donald 1996, p. 245.

^ Lincoln, Abraham (December 20, 1859). "Herewith is a little sketch, as you requested". Letter to Jesse W. Fell. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.

^ Martinez, J. Michael (2011). Coming for to Carry Me Home: Race in America from Abolitionism to Jim Crow. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-4422-1500-9.

^ Luthin 1944, pp. 609–629.

^ Hofstadter 1938, pp. 50–55.

^ Donald 1996, pp. 247–250.

^ Boritt & Pinsker 2002, pp. 10, 13, 18.

^ Donald 1996, p. 253.

^ Chadwick, Bruce (2009). Lincoln for President: An Unlikely Candidate, An Audacious Strategy, and the Victory No One Saw Coming. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. pp. 147–149. ISBN 978-1-4022-4756-9. Retrieved April 1, 2017.

^ Murrin, John (2006). Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People. Belmont: Clark Baxter. p. 464. ISBN 978-0-495-91588-1

^ Donald 1996, pp. 254–256.

^ Donald 1996, p. 254.

^ Donald 1996, pp. 251–252.

^ Mansch 2005, p. 61.

^ Donald 1996, p. 256.

^ White 2009, p. 350.

^ Nevins 1947, p. 4:312.

