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^ Loizeau, Pierre-Marie (2008). Martin Van Buren: The Little Magician. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-60456-773-1.

^ Koenig, Louis William (1960). The Invisible Presidency. New York: Rinehart & Company. p. 89.

^ Foss, William O. (2005). Childhoods of the American Presidents. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7864-2382-8.

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