The William and Mary Quarterly. 57 (1): 125–138. doi:10.2307/2674361. JSTOR 2674361. PMID 18271151. [T]he new scholarly consensus is that Jefferson and Hemings were sexual partners ... Whether Jefferson fathered all of Hemings's children is still unclear.
"Updating a Life: The Case of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings". Library of America. December 9, 2011. Most historians now agree that a preponderance of evidence—genetic, circumstantial, and oral historical—suggests that Jefferson was the father of all of Sally Hemings's children.

^ Hyland, 2009, pp. 30–31, 79; Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society

^ Jump up to: a b Peterson (2002), p. 43

^ Gordon-Reed, 1997, pp. 657–660.

^ Gordon-Reed, 1997, pp. 658–659.

^ CBSNews2019.

^ "Debt". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved October 9, 2018.

^ Hayes, 2008, p. 100; McEwan, 1991, pp. 20–39.

^ Tucker, 1837, v. 2, p. 202; Berstein, 2003, p. 193.

^ Johnson, Michael (September 15, 2006). "A chateau fit for a president". The New York Times. Retrieved July 28, 2012.

^ Brodie, 1974, pp. 87–88; Bernstein, 2003, p. 9.

^ Hayes, 2008, pp. 135–136.

^ Kastning, 2014, p. 8.

^ Jump up to: a b Hayes, 2008, p. 432.

