New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 67, 176–181. ISBN 978-0300230031. What have Cuba's revolutionary people survived? For six decades, the Caribbean island has withstood manifold and unrelenting aggression from the world's dominant economic and political power: overt and covert military actions; sabotage and terrorism by US authorities and allied exiles ...The CIA recruited operatives inside Cuba to carry out terrorism and sabotage, killing civilians and causing economic damage.

^ Domínguez López, Ernesto; Yaffe, Helen (November 2, 2017). "The deep, historical roots of Cuban anti-imperialism" (PDF). Third World Quarterly. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. 38 (11): 2517–2535. doi:10.1080/01436597.2017.1374171. S2CID 149249232. In international terms, Cuba's Revolution dented the US sphere of influence, weakening the US position as a global power. These were the structural geopolitical motivations for opposing Cuba's hard-won independence. The Bay of Pigs (Playa Giron) invasion and multiple military invasion plans, programmes of terrorism, sabotage and subversion were part of Washington's reaction.

^ Alzugaray, Carlos; Quainton, Anthony (July–December 2011). "Cuban-U.S. Relations: The Terrorism Dimension" (PDF). Pensamiento Propio. Buenos Aires: Coordinadora Regional de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales. 16 (34): 71–84. ISSN 1016-9628. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 10, 2018. 