[147] As part of this goal, the administration favored sending a United States delegation to the Congress of Panama, an 1826 conference of New World republics organized by Simón Bolívar.[148] Clay and Adams hoped that the conference would inaugurate a "Good Neighborhood Policy" among the independent states of the Americas.[149] However, the funding for a delegation and the confirmation of delegation nominees became entangled in a political battle over Adams's domestic policies, with opponents such as Van Buren impeding the confirmation of a delegation.[111] While Van Buren saw the Panama Congress as an unwelcome deviation from the more isolationist foreign policy established by President Washington,[149] many Southerners opposed involvement with any conference attended by delegates from Haiti, a republic that had been established through a slave revolt.[150] Though the United States delegation finally won confirmation from the Senate, it never reached the Congress of Panama due to the Senate's delay.[151]

1828 presidential election
Main article: 1828 United States presidential election
1828 presidential election results
The Jacksonians formed an effective party apparatus that adopted many modern campaign techniques. 