American Presidents Year by Year. Routledge. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-7656-8046-4.

^ Tugwell, 36

^ Jump up to: a b c Jeffers, 34; Nevins, 61–62

^ "The Execution of John Gaffney". The Buffalonian. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2008.

^ Jeffers, 36; Nevins, 64

^ Nevins, 66–71

^ Nevins, 78

^ "Sexual misconduct allegations against presidents have a long history; George H.W. Bush is latest". Newsweek. October 25, 2017.

^ "Grover Cleveland, a Rapist President". vice.com. August 26, 2015.

^ Jump up to: a b c d Huck, C., 2017. The Halpin Affair: How Cleveland went from Scandal to Success. Wittenberg History Journal, vol. 46, p. 5, 8.

^ Lachman, Charles (May 23, 2011). "Grover Cleveland's Sex Scandal: The Most Despicable in American Political History". The Daily Beast. Retrieved July 3, 2020.

^ Jump up to: a b Hamilton, Neil A. (2005). Presidents: A Biographical Dictionary. Infobase Publishing. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4381-0816-2.

^ Jump up to: a b c Henry F. Graff (2002). Grover Cleveland: The American Presidents Series: The 22nd and 24th President, 1885–1889 and 1893–1897. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 60–63. ISBN 978-0-8050-6923-5.

