what is an example of a web server
Apache
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Server Survey. Below are the latest statistics of the "market share of all sites" of the top web servers on the Internet by Netcraft February 2016 Web Server Survey. Apache, IIS and Nginx are the most used web servers on the Internet. Web server Web server refers to server software, or hardware dedicated to running said software, that can serve contents to the World Wide Web. A web server processes incoming network requests over HTTP and several other related protocols. The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients. The communication between
Web server
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servers; in the case of PHP 5 and Apache 2.0 on Windows, it is provided in the form of a DLL file called , which is a module that, among other functions, provides an interface between PHP and the web server, implemented in a form that the server understands. This form is what is known as a SAPI. Different kinds of SAPIs exist for various web-server extensions. For example, in addition to those listed above, other SAPIs for the PHP language include the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and command-line interface (CLI). Server Application Programming Interface In computing, Server Application Programming
Server Application Programming Interface
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Server Application Programming Interface In computing, Server Application Programming Interface (SAPI) is the direct module interface to web servers such as the Apache HTTP Server, Microsoft IIS, and Oracle iPlanet Web Server. Microsoft uses the term Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI), and the defunct Netscape web server used the term Netscape Server Application Programming Interface (NSAPI) for the same purpose. In other words, SAPI is an application programming interface (API) provided by the web server to help other developers in extending the web server capabilities. As an example, PHP has a direct module interface called SAPI for different web
Server Application Programming Interface
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Server-side redirect A server side redirect is a method of URL redirection using an HTTP status code (e.g., 301 Moved Permanently, 303 See Other and 307 Temporary Redirect) issued by a web server in response to a request for a particular URL. The result is to redirect user's web browser to another web page with a different URL. One method of implementing server-side redirects is the .htaccess file supported by most Apache web servers. An example of the code used is as follows. Common uses of server-side redirects include: PHP code for server-side redirect. ASP.NET code for server-side redirect. Implementation
Server-side redirect
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in JavaServer Pages (JSP). Server-side redirect A server side redirect is a method of URL redirection using an HTTP status code (e.g., 301 Moved Permanently, 303 See Other and 307 Temporary Redirect) issued by a web server in response to a request for a particular URL. The result is to redirect user's web browser to another web page with a different URL. One method of implementing server-side redirects is the .htaccess file supported by most Apache web servers. An example of the code used is as follows. Common uses of server-side redirects include: PHP code for server-side redirect. ASP.NET code
Server-side redirect
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the web page, and log the request. After Netscape introduced NSAPI, Microsoft developed ISAPI and the Apache Software Foundation developed Apache API (or ASAPI: Apache Server API). All three APIs have a number of similarities. For example: NSAPI, ISAPI and Apache API allow applications to run inside the server process. Further, all three allow applications to participate in the different stages of request processing. For example, Apache API hooks closely resemble those used in NSAPI. Netscape Server Application Programming Interface The Netscape Server Application Programming Interface (NSAPI) is an application programming interface for extending server software, typically web server software.
Netscape Server Application Programming Interface
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Mod jk mod_jk is an Apache module used to connect the Tomcat servlet container with web servers such as Apache, iPlanet, Sun ONE (formerly Netscape) and even IIS using the Apache JServ Protocol. A web server waits for client HTTP requests. When these requests arrive, the server does what is needed to serve the requests by providing the necessary content. Adding a servlet container alters this behavior. Now the web server needs also to: The adapter needs to know what requests it is going to serve, usually based on some pattern in the request URL, and to where to direct
Mod jk
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into the categories A, B, C, and Z is undertaken. Category A measures for the entry point into the subject, B measures expand this, and category C is ultimately necessary for baseline protection certification. Category Z measures any additional measures that have proven themselves in practice. To keep each component as compact as possible, global aspects are collected in one component, while more specific information is collected into a second. In the example of an Apache web server, the general B 5.4 Web server component, in which measures and threats for each web server are depicted, would apply to it,
IT Baseline Protection Catalogs
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the assistance of a grant from the Mozilla Foundation. Apache HTTP Server supports OCSP stapling since version 2.3.3, the nginx web server since version 1.3.7, LiteSpeed Web Server since version 4.2.4, Microsoft's IIS since Windows Server 2008, HAProxy since version 1.5.0, F5 Networks BIG-IP since version 11.6.0 and KEMP LoadMasters since Version 7.2.37.1. While many web servers advertise support for OCSP stapling, implementations are not always reliable. For example, when Apache queries the OCSP server, in the event of a temporary failure, it will discard the cached good response from the previous request, and start serving bad response. Nginx is
OCSP stapling
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these requests. Things are more complex when the user wants to set a configuration that uses virtual hosts, or when they want multiple developers to work on the same web server but on different servlet container JVMs. Mod jk mod_jk is an Apache module used to connect the Tomcat servlet container with web servers such as Apache, iPlanet, Sun ONE (formerly Netscape) and even IIS using the Apache JServ Protocol. A web server waits for client HTTP requests. When these requests arrive, the server does what is needed to serve the requests by providing the necessary content. Adding a servlet
Mod jk
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Mod python mod_python is an Apache HTTP Server module that integrates the Python programming language with the server. It is intended to provide a Python language binding for the Apache HTTP Server. When mod_python released it was one of the more efficient options for Python scripts compared to CGI as CGI requests require starting a new Python process to respond to each individual web request. The initial implementation of mod_python was a port to Apache HTTP server of a project called NSAPy. NSAPy was written by Aaron Watters for the Netscape Enterprise Server and was used as an example in
Mod python
6622016
ApacheBench ApacheBench (ab) is a single-threaded command line computer program for measuring the performance of HTTP web servers. Originally designed to test the Apache HTTP Server, it is generic enough to test any web server. The ab tool comes bundled with the standard Apache source distribution, and like the Apache web server itself, is free, open source software and distributed under the terms of the Apache License. ab -n 100 -c 10 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" This will execute 100 HTTP GET requests, processing up to 10 requests concurrently, to the specified URL, in this example, "<nowiki>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page</nowiki>". Note that ApacheBench will only use
ApacheBench
4288578
Internet Server Application Programming Interface The Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) is an N-tier API of Internet Information Services (IIS), Microsoft's collection of Windows-based web server services. The most prominent application of IIS and ISAPI is Microsoft's web server. The ISAPI has also been implemented by Apache's mod_isapi module so that server-side web applications written for Microsoft's IIS can be used with Apache, and other third-party web servers like Zeus Web Server offer ISAPI interfaces. Microsoft's web server application software is called Internet Information Services, which is made up of a number of "sub-applications" and is very configurable. ASP.NET
Internet Server Application Programming Interface
10793567
Google Web Server Google Web Server (GWS) is a proprietary web server software that Google uses for its web infrastructure. GWS is used exclusively inside Google's ecosystem for website hosting. Little information has been released over the years, however it is believed to be originally based on the Apache web server software and run on a heavily modified version of Debian Linux. In May, 2015, GWS was ranked as the fourth most popular web server on the internet after Apache, nginx and Microsoft IIS, powering an estimated 7.95% of active websites. Web page requests on most Google pages provide "gws"
Google Web Server
10793568
(without a version number) in the HTTP header as an indication of the web server software being used. Information regarding GWS is scarce. In a blog post from Google's Chicago office in 2011, Google provided some details on GWS: Google Web Server Google Web Server (GWS) is a proprietary web server software that Google uses for its web infrastructure. GWS is used exclusively inside Google's ecosystem for website hosting. Little information has been released over the years, however it is believed to be originally based on the Apache web server software and run on a heavily modified version of Debian
Google Web Server
7881543
LiteSpeed Web Server LiteSpeed Web Server (LSWS), is proprietary web server software. It is the 4th most popular web server, estimated to be used by 3.5% of websites as of October 2018. LSWS is developed by privately held LiteSpeed Technologies. The software is an Apache drop-in replacement, meaning it uses the same configuration format as Apache. LSWS was released in 2003, and in August 2008 it became the 16th most popular web server. In November 2016, LiteSpeed's market share grew from 0.39% to 3.29%, increasing its position from 10th to 4th most popular web server according to Netcraft. In 2017,
LiteSpeed Web Server
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Deployment diagram A deployment diagram in the Unified Modeling Language models the "physical" deployment of artifacts on nodes. To describe a web site, for example, a deployment diagram would show what hardware components ("nodes") exist (e.g., a web server, an application server, and a database server), what software components ("artifacts") run on each node (e.g., web application, database), and how the different pieces are connected (e.g. JDBC, REST, RMI). The nodes appear as boxes, and the artifacts allocated to each node appear as rectangles within the boxes. Nodes may have subnodes, which appear as nested boxes. A single node in
Deployment diagram
395885
allows clients to invoke web services and receive responses independent of language and platforms. SOAP provides the Messaging Protocol layer of a web services protocol stack for web services. It is an XML-based protocol consisting of three parts: SOAP has three major characteristics: As an example of what SOAP procedures can do, an application can send a SOAP request to a server that has web services enabled—such as a real-estate price database—with the parameters for a search. The server then returns a SOAP response (an XML-formatted document with the resulting data), e.g., prices, location, features. Since the generated data comes
SOAP
322700
a module that, among other functions, provides an interface between PHP and the web server, implemented in a form that the server understands. This form is what is known as a SAPI. There are different kinds of SAPIs for various web server extensions. For example, in addition to those listed above, other SAPIs for the PHP language include the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and command-line interface (CLI). PHP can also be used for writing desktop graphical user interface (GUI) applications, by using the PHP-GTK extension. PHP-GTK is not included in the official PHP distribution, and as an extension it can
PHP
4687133
not require a response) and multiple calls to the server that can be answered out of order. Example of a JSON-RPC 2.0 request and response using positional parameters. Asynchronous JavaScript and JSON (or AJAJ) refers to the same dynamic web page methodology as Ajax, but instead of XML, JSON is the data format. AJAJ is a web development technique that provides for the ability of a webpage to request new data after it has loaded into the web browser. Typically it renders new data from the server in response to user actions on that webpage. For example, what the user
JSON
4864311
be regenerated by the server's language parser; only the content that will change is transmitted. Google Maps is an example of a web application that uses Ajax techniques. A web client, such as a web browser, can act as its own server, accessing data from many different servers, such as Gopher, FTP, NNTP (Usenet) and HTTP, to build a page. HTTP supports uploading documents from the client back to the server. There are several HTTP methods for doing this. Dynamic web page A server-side dynamic web page is a web page whose construction is controlled by an application server processing
Dynamic web page
81986
by applying the bank's business logic, and provides the output to the web server. Finally, the web server returns the result to the client web browser for display. In each step of this sequence of client–server message exchanges, a computer processes a request and returns data. This is the request-response messaging pattern. When all the requests are met, the sequence is complete and the web browser presents the data to the customer. This example illustrates a design pattern applicable to the client–server model: separation of concerns. An early form of client–server architecture is remote job entry, dating at least to
Client–server model
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any) is embedded into the HTML template. If a browser asks for the page above, it will actually get plain HTML code as the one below [2]: To deploy and run Pascal Server Pages, a web server component with Pascal Scripting capabilities is required. Pascal server page A Pascal Server Page is a dynamically generated web page produced using some sort of Pascal Script interpreter on the server side. When a web request is made, the Pascal Script code gets interpreted on the server and made output into the proper format (HTML, XML, JSON, plain text). An example of Pascal
Pascal server page
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HTTP File Server HTTP File Server, otherwise known as HFS, is a free web server specifically designed for publishing and sharing files. The complete feature set differs from other web servers; it lacks some common features, like CGI, or even ability to run as a Windows service, but includes, for example, counting file downloads. It is even advised against using it as an ordinary web server. HFS is a small HTTP file server, aimed at mostly sharing files for download. The official documentation describes HFS as: HFS (Http File Server) is file sharing software which allows you to send and
HTTP File Server
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stateless: a client computer running a web browser must establish a new Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) network connection to the web server with each new HTTP GET or POST request. The web server, therefore, cannot rely on an established TCP network connection for longer than a single HTTP GET or POST operation. Session management is the technique used by the web developer to make the stateless HTTP protocol support session state. For example, once a user has been authenticated to the web server, the user's next HTTP request (GET or POST) should not cause the web server to ask for
Session (computer science)
5180277
Pascal server page A Pascal Server Page is a dynamically generated web page produced using some sort of Pascal Script interpreter on the server side. When a web request is made, the Pascal Script code gets interpreted on the server and made output into the proper format (HTML, XML, JSON, plain text). An example of Pascal Server Page as deployed on the server [2]: The code above is an HTML armature containing Pascal Script code. The Pascal Script has been isolated within the “<%” and “%>” tokens. The Pascal Script code is interpreted on the server and the output (if
Pascal server page
927479
Web service The term web service is either In a web service, the Web technology such as HTTP—originally designed for human-to-machine communication—is utilized for machine-to-machine communication, more specifically for transferring machine-readable file formats such as XML and JSON. In practice, a web service commonly provides an object-oriented web-based interface to a database server, utilized for example by another web server, or by a mobile app, that provides a user interface to the end user. Many organizations that provide data in formatted HTML pages will also provide that data on their server as XML or JSON, often through a web service
Web service
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the parametric machine-learning models that makes decisions about data. It is used for the inference stage of a machine-learning workflow, after data pipelines and model training. A model server is the tool that allows data science research to be deployed in a real-world production environment. What a Web server is to the Internet, a model server is to AI. Where a Web server receives an HTTP request and returns data about a Web site, a model server receives data, and returns a decision or prediction about that data: e.g. sent an image, a model server might return a label for
Deeplearning4j
10156599
has been used for months without a restart"". It can be used with Stunnel to provide https (SSL/TLS). HTTP File Server HTTP File Server, otherwise known as HFS, is a free web server specifically designed for publishing and sharing files. The complete feature set differs from other web servers; it lacks some common features, like CGI, or even ability to run as a Windows service, but includes, for example, counting file downloads. It is even advised against using it as an ordinary web server. HFS is a small HTTP file server, aimed at mostly sharing files for download. The official
HTTP File Server
8487574
represent gene loss and duplication. Finally, there are several web-server based applications that allow investigators to use maximum likelihood methods for ancestral reconstruction of different character types without having to install any software. For example, Ancestors is web-server for ancestral genome reconstruction by the identification and arrangement of syntenic regions. FastML is a web-server for probabilistic reconstruction of ancestral sequences by maximum likelihood that uses a gap character model for reconstructing indel variation. MLGO is a web-server for maximum likelihood gene order analysis. The development and application of computational algorithms for ancestral reconstruction continues to be an active area of
Ancestral reconstruction
2503003
Server Side Includes Server Side Includes (SSI) is a simple interpreted server-side scripting language used almost exclusively for the Web. Code is processed by web servers. The most frequent use of SSI is to include the contents of one or more files into a web page on a web server. For example, a web page containing a daily quotation could include the quotation by placing the following code into the file of the web page: With one change of the codice_1 file, all pages that include the file will display the latest daily quotation. The inclusion is not limited to
Server Side Includes
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Controllers. This type of server side accelerator has the added benefit of off-loading transactions and connection managements from the web or applications servers and hence, reducing its CPU utilization and increasing web server or application scalability to handle more users with less bandwidth. There may be two sections to the proxy as well - a server portion sits in front of the web server and captures the input and output from the server and a client portion sits in front of the end-user's web browser to capture the input and output from the browser. An example would be Opera Turbo.
Web accelerator
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Framework's–It uses Java as the programming language for creating web content. Vaadin Flow features a server-side architecture which means that most of the logic runs on the server. On the client-side, Vaadin Flow is built on top of Web Component standards. Vaadin Flow includes Web Component support for Java developers and allows the use of HTML templates (based on Polymer) with automated client-server communication. It also includes APIs for routing (connecting user interface components to URLs), data binding (synchronizing input fields with server-side data models), and server-side DOM manipulation. The following is an elementary example of Vaadin Flow usage: @Route("hello-world")
Vaadin
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web browser, for example, may be the "client" and an application running on a computer hosting a website may be the "server". The client submits an HTTP "request" message to the server. The server, which provides "resources" such as HTML files and other content, or performs other functions on behalf of the client, returns a "response" message to the client. The response contains completion status information about the request and may also contain requested content in its message body. A web browser is an example of a "user agent" (UA). Other types of user agent include the indexing software used
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
81981
use the client–server model are Email, network printing, and the World Wide Web. The "client-server" characteristic describes the relationship of cooperating programs in an application. The server component provides a function or service to one or many clients, which initiate requests for such services. Servers are classified by the services they provide. For example, a web server serves web pages and a file server serves computer files. A shared resource may be any of the server computer's software and electronic components, from programs and data to processors and storage devices. The sharing of resources of a server constitutes a "service".
Client–server model
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was one of the earliest web development support in Python and has long since been surpassed in popularity by systems such as Django or Flask. Python Server Pages Python Server Pages (PSP) is a name used by several different implementations of server-side script engines for creating dynamically-generated web pages by embedding Python in HTML. For example, an implementation of Python Server Pages was released with mod_python 3.1 in 2004. Spyce, which also claims the phrase "Python Server Pages", was first released in 2002. The Webware for Python suite also contains an implementation of Python Server Pages released as early as
Python Server Pages
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requests an update. The advantage of this method is that the state of the terminal remains persistent even if the user connects to their existing session(s) from a different web browser. It also enables the server to act upon terminal output even if the user is disconnected. The disadvantage of this method is that it uses up more CPU and memory on the server. Server-side terminal emulator example: terminal.py The main advantages of web-based SSH can be summarized as follows: The following issues have to be considered and are important when using a web-based SSH client: Google's "Secure Shell extension
Web-based SSH
927489
computation of change impact is helpful in testing, top down development and reduce regression testing. AWSCM is a tool that can identify subset operations in a WSDL file to construct a subset WSDL. Web service The term web service is either In a web service, the Web technology such as HTTP—originally designed for human-to-machine communication—is utilized for machine-to-machine communication, more specifically for transferring machine-readable file formats such as XML and JSON. In practice, a web service commonly provides an object-oriented web-based interface to a database server, utilized for example by another web server, or by a mobile app, that provides
Web service
2547526
client computer, in an ISP or within a corporate network. A network-aware forward cache is just like a forward cache but only caches heavily accessed items. A client, such as a web browser, can also store web content for reuse. For example, if the back button is pressed, the local cached version of a page may be displayed instead of a new request being sent to the web server. A web proxy sitting between the client and the server can evaluate HTTP headers and choose whether to store web content. A reverse cache sits in front of one or more
Web cache
5243229
part of HTML5 the WebSocket API allows a web server and client to communicate over a full-duplex TCP connection. Generally the web server does not terminate a connection after response data has been served to a client. The web server leaves the connection open so that if an event occurs (for example, a change in internal data which needs to be reported to one or multiple clients), it can be sent out immediately; otherwise, the event would have to be queued until the client's next request is received. Most web servers offer this functionality via CGI (e.g., Non-Parsed Headers scripts
Push technology
4821035
and the ability to link certain thresholds with automated server jobs, such as provisioning more memory or performing a backup. Network monitoring services usually have a number of servers around the globe - for example in America, Europe, Asia, Australia and other locations. By having multiple servers in different geographic locations, a monitoring service can determine if a Web server is available across different networks worldwide. The more the locations used, the more complete is the picture on network availability. When monitoring a web server for potential problems, an external web monitoring service checks a number of parameters. First of
Network monitoring
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Automatic hyperlinking An autolink is a hyperlink added automatically to a hypermedia document, after it has been authored or published. Automatic hyperlinking describes the process or the software feature that produces autolinks. Segments of the hypermedia are identified through a process of pattern matching. For example, in hypertext, the software could recognise textual patterns for street addresses, phone numbers, ISBNs, or URLs. In a distributed hypermedia system, such as the World Wide Web, autolinking can be carried out by client or server software. For example, a web server could add links to a web page as it sends it to
Automatic hyperlinking
90630
has a directory (folder), which is designated as a document collection — files that can be sent to Web browsers connected to this server. For example, if the Web server has the domain name codice_1, and its document collection is stored at codice_2 in the local file system, then the Web server will respond to a request for codice_3 by sending to the browser the (pre-written) file codice_4. For pages constructed on the fly, the server software may defer requests to separate programs and relay the results to the requesting client (usually, a web browser that displays the page to
Common Gateway Interface
31314
8 for a minimum of 10 years from the Windows 8 release date. ASP uses server-side scripting to generate content that is sent to the client's web browser. The ASP interpreter reads and executes all script code between <% and %> tags, the result of which is content generation. These scripts were written using VBScript, JScript, or PerlScript. The codice_2 directive, the syntax or server configuration can be used to select the language. In the example below, Response.Write Now() is in an HTML page; it would be dynamically replaced by the current time of the server. Web pages with the
Active Server Pages
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bed (and motivator) for many features which were integrated separately. One major component was the Native POSIX Thread Library, which, with the right tuning parameters, allows userspace web servers to serve web pages at a speed very close to that of a kernelspace web server like TUX but without its limitations. Core kernel developers also argued that having an HTTP daemon within the kernel is dangerous. For example, a common bug such as a buffer overflow within TUX could give an attacker superuser control over the machine. Therefore, it is much safer to keep the HTTP daemon entirely within userspace,
TUX web server
1656049
number of—or just one—web servers. As an example, if "slow.example.com" is a "real" web server, and "www.example.com" is the Squid cache server that "accelerates" it, the first time any page is requested from "www.example.com", the cache server would get the actual page from "slow.example.com", but later requests would get the stored copy directly from the accelerator (for a configurable period, after which the stored copy would be discarded). The end result, without any action by the clients, is less traffic to the source server, meaning less CPU and memory usage, and less need for bandwidth. This does, however, mean that
Squid (software)
14428682
to be ported to Delphi and FPC and vice versa, thus reducing the time to develop programs, and to port them to other platforms. As the name implies, this package allows users to develop applications for a web server using PHP, client-side JavaScript, and HTML. A distinctive feature of this package is that the generated code for the compiled pattern is almost equal in quality to what a developer could write by hand. Due to this, the package can also be used to automatically generate template web applications with subsequent manual editing. Most of the package serves as an example
HiAsm
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or more services. For example, a computer dedicated to a database may be called a "database server". "File servers" manage a large collection of computer files. "Web servers" process web pages and web applications. Many smaller servers are actually personal computers that have been dedicated to provide services for other computers. A server is expected to be reliable (e.g. error-correction of RAM; redundant cooling; self-monitoring, RAID), fit for running for several years, and giving useful diagnosis in case of an error. For even increased security, the server may be mirrored These provide GUI sessions that can be used by client
Classes of computers
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the construction of Python one-liners. Scripts such as pyp or Pyline import commonly used modules and provide more human-readable variables in an attempt to make Python functionality more accessible on the command line. Here is a redo of the above example (printing the last field of a unix long listing): The Python CGIHTTPServer module for example is also an executable library that performs as a web server with CGI. To start the web server enter: Find palindromes in file words.txt Piping semantics in PowerShell help enable complex scenarios with one-liner programs. This one-liner in PowerShell script takes a list of
One-liner program
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File select In HTML, a file-select control is a component of a web form with which a user can select a local file. When the form is submitted (perhaps together with other form data), the file is uploaded to the web server. There, when the file arrives, some action usually takes place, such as saving the file on the web server. However, the particular action that takes place is determined by the server-side script to which the form is submitted. Here is a code example of a web form with a file-select control. It is the codice_1 element with codice_2
File select
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ASP.NET applications will run on their server. Similarly, new Web frameworks could be developed as an alternative to ASP.NET. So long as they target OWIN, they will run on any OWIN compatible Web server, including IIS. In this regard, OWIN aims to do for .NET what Java Servlet and Servlet containers do for the JVM. Project Katana is a set of OWIN components built by Microsoft. In addition to decoupling Web frameworks and Web servers, OWIN allows chaining together middleware into a pipeline. A Web framework can interact with OWIN without knowing whether it is interacting directly with the underlying
Open Web Interface for .NET
2127554
Server log A server log is a log file (or several files) automatically created and maintained by a server consisting of a list of activities it performed. A typical example is a web server log which maintains a history of page requests. The W3C maintains a standard format (the Common Log Format) for web server log files, but other proprietary formats exist. More recent entries are typically appended to the end of the file. Information about the request, including client IP address, request date/time, page requested, HTTP code, bytes served, user agent, and referrer are typically added. This data can
Server log
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language. When installed on a local server or on a remote server, they allow files and directories located there to be managed and edited, using a web browser, without the need for FTP Access. More advanced, and usually commercially distributed, web-based file management scripts allow the administrator of the file manager to configure secure, individual user accounts, each with individual account permissions. Authorized users have access to documents stored on the server or in their individual user directories anytime, from anywhere, via a web browser. A web-based file manager can serve as an organization's digital repository. For example, documents, digital
File manager
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as of Jan 2011) that allows AppJet applications to be run. On August 14, 2008, AppJet released a programming tutorial aimed at "absolute beginners". The tutorial used the AppJet IDE to provide a programming sandbox for examples, allowing readers to experiment with sample code. This was one of the first online tutorials to embed an IDE exposing a complete server-side web app framework inline with text. "AppJet" also refers to the server-side JavaScript framework that powers AppJet applications. This is an example of a recent trend in web development, to run JavaScript on both the client and the server, allowing
AppJet
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Justniffer Justniffer is a TCP packet sniffer. It can log network traffic in a 'standard' (web server-like) or in a customized way. It can also log response times, useful for tracking network services performances (e.g. web server, application server, etc.). The output format of the traffic can be easily customized. An example written in Python (delivered with the official package) stores the transferred contents in an output directory separated by domains. This means that the transferred files like html, css, javascript, images, sounds, etc. can be saved to a directory. justniffer was born to help in troubleshooting performance in network
Justniffer
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one facet of an overall vision for improving web security, put forward by Jeff Hodges and Andy Steingruebl in their 2010 paper "The Need for Coherent Web Security Policy Framework(s)". A server implements an HSTS policy by supplying a header over an HTTPS connection (HSTS headers over HTTP are ignored). For example, a server could send a header such that future requests to the domain for the next year (max-age is specified in seconds; 31,536,000 is equal to one non-leap year) use only HTTPS: codice_1. When a web application issues HSTS Policy to user agents, conformant user agents behave as
HTTP Strict Transport Security
16180899
the CSP is rather static and can be delivered from web application tiers above the application, for example on load balancer or web server. In December 2015 and December 2016, a few methods of bypassing codice_6 whitelisting origins were published. In January 2016, another method was published, which leverages server-wide CSP whitelisting to exploit old and vulnerable versions of JavaScript libraries hosted at the same server (frequent case with CDN servers). In May 2017 one more method was published to bypass CSP using web application frameworks code. If the codice_1 header is present in the server response, a compliant client
Content Security Policy
13141208
Python Server Pages Python Server Pages (PSP) is a name used by several different implementations of server-side script engines for creating dynamically-generated web pages by embedding Python in HTML. For example, an implementation of Python Server Pages was released with mod_python 3.1 in 2004. Spyce, which also claims the phrase "Python Server Pages", was first released in 2002. The Webware for Python suite also contains an implementation of Python Server Pages released as early as 2000. An earlier tool with a similar function also called Python Server Pages but based on Java and JPython was first released in 1999. It
Python Server Pages
7688709
Semantic web service A semantic web service, like conventional web services, is the server end of a client–server system for machine-to-machine interaction via the World Wide Web. Semantic services are a component of the semantic web because they use markup which makes data machine-readable in a detailed and sophisticated way (as compared with human-readable HTML which is usually not easily "understood" by computer programs). The mainstream XML standards for interoperation of web services specify only syntactic interoperability, not the semantic meaning of messages. For example, Web Services Description Language (WSDL) can specify the operations available through a web service and
Semantic web service
81982
Whether a computer is a client, a server, or both, is determined by the nature of the application that requires the service functions. For example, a single computer can run web server and file server software at the same time to serve different data to clients making different kinds of requests. Client software can also communicate with server software within the same computer. Communication between servers, such as to synchronize data, is sometimes called "inter-server" or "server-to-server" communication. In general, a service is an abstraction of computer resources and a client does not have to be concerned with how the
Client–server model
10301358
of these named ranges in the parameters pane and refresh the workbook. They can also use the portal's filter Web Part to filter several Web Parts (Excel Web Access and other types of web parts) together. Excel Services Excel Services is a server technology included in SharePoint 2010 and SharePoint 2007. This shared service enables users to load, calculate, and display Excel 2010 workbooks on Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2010. Using Excel Services, users can reuse and share Excel workbooks on Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2010 portals and dashboards. For example, they can create content in Excel 2010 and share
Excel Services
174940
requests, in practice their handling by the server is not technically limited in any way. Therefore, careless or deliberate programming can cause non-trivial changes on the server. This is discouraged, because it can cause problems for web caching, search engines and other automated agents, which can make unintended changes on the server. For example, a website might allow deletion of a resource through a URL such as "http://example.com/article/1234/delete", which, if arbitrarily fetched, even using "GET", would simply delete the article. One example of this occurring in practice was during the short-lived Google Web Accelerator beta, which prefetched arbitrary URLs on
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
8134188
from itself rather than from the user directly. For example, if a user requests to visit a link on a web page, the request will—instead of being sent directly to the web site server—be sent to the proxy server, which then relays the request to the targeted internet server. This hides the user's IP address from the target server, as only the proxy server's information is visible. On the other hand, device fingerprints are relatively resistant to anonymization. While some data can be hidden or spoofed, this can actually make a particular user atypical and thereby less anonymous. Services NoScript
Anonymous web browsing
1583716
WordPress software from WordPress.org. The latter option would enable the webmaster to install the WordPress software manually on his or her own private web server, whether that server is leased from a web hosting provider or set up in house. In summary, WordPress.com can serve as a hosted alternative, whereas WordPress.org could constitute as self hosting. Some services like Shopify could also constitute as "hosted" services. Shopify is an example of a SaaS-based ecommerce platform, which offers customers a fully managed service, including proprietary website-building software, on-demand support, and server space/hosting. Since the Shopify software is proprietary and not open
Self-hosting
7212143
personal server in short, allows users to store, selectively share, or publish information on the web or on a home network. Unlike other types of web servers, a personal web server is owned or controlled by an individual, and operated for the individual's needs, instead of by a company. It can be implemented in different ways: A personal web server is conceptually the opposite of a web server, or website, operated by third parties, in a software as a service (SaaS) or cloud model. Personal web server A personal web server (PWS) is system of hardware and software that is
Personal web server
400317
server. For a user's action to trigger the execution of server-side code, for example, a developer working with classic ASP must explicitly cause the user's browser to make a request back to the web server. Creating such interactions can easily consume much development time and lead to unreadable code. Server-side scripts are completely processed by the servers instead of clients. When clients request a page containing server-side scripts, the applicable server processes the scripts and returns an HTML page to the client. There are a number of server-side scripting languages available, including: Server-side scripting Server-side scripting is a technique used
Server-side scripting
1665476
Server 2003 have the ability to share files and printers, act as an application server, host message queues, provide email services, authenticate users, act as an X.509 certificate server, provide LDAP directory services, serve streaming media, and to perform other server-oriented functions. Windows Server 2003 Web is meant for building and hosting Web applications, Web pages, and XML web services. It is designed to be used primarily as an IIS web server and provides a platform for developing and deploying XML Web services and applications that use ASP.NET technology. Domain controller and Terminal Services functionality are not included on Web
Windows Server 2003
6468227
Hablador for Web content management, ActiveSpace for Web forms and data publishing, and began developing its own collaboration engine. After a year of integration, Plumtree shipped these technologies as Plumtree Collaboration Server, Plumtree Content Server, Plumtree Search Server and Plumtree Studio Server, all using the portal’s security, administration and user interface capabilities. On the strength of these products, Plumtree extended its charter, from a single portal product to what they called the Enterprise Web. Plumtree described the Enterprise Web as a set of technologies for managing all the informational sites and Web applications in the enterprise as elements of one
Plumtree Software
5703627
array support, integrated Network Load Balancing (NLB), and Cache Array Routing Protocol (CARP). One of the core capabilities of ISA Server 2004, dubbed Secure Server Publishing, was its ability to securely expose their internal servers to Internet. For example, some organizations use ISA Server 2004 to publish their Microsoft Exchange Server services such as Outlook Web Access (OWA), Outlook Mobile Access (OMA) or ActiveSync. Using the "Forms-based Authentication" ("FBA") authentication type, ISA Server can be used to pre-authenticate web clients so that traffic from unauthenticated clients to published servers is not allowed. ISA Server 2004 is available in two editions,
Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway
1656051
website from outside the business) and the web server. The same Squid server could act as a classical web cache, caching HTTP requests from clients within the business (i.e., employees accessing the internet from their workstations), so accelerating web access and reducing bandwidth demands. A feature of for example the HTTP protocol is to limit a request to only a range of the data in the resource being referenced. This feature is used extensively by video streaming websites such as YouTube, so that if a user clicks to the middle of the video progress bar, the server can begin to
Squid (software)
5802681
FreeBSD-based solutions. Server-side facilities for either OS have similar functionality (for example: MySQL (database) and many server-side programming languages (such as the widely used PHP web programming language) under Linux, or the proprietary SQL Server (database) and ASP.NET programming language under Windows). There are thousands of shared hosting providers in the United States alone. They range from mom-and-pop shops and small design firms to multimillion-dollar providers with hundreds of thousands of customers. A large portion of the shared web hosting market is driven through pay per click (PPC) advertising or affiliate programs while some are purely non-profit. Shared web hosting
Shared web hosting service
12484921
interface (GUI) often partly is provided by the client-side, for example using server-side scripting such as PHP or CGI scripts, interactive services based on Ajax or a conventional application software remotely accessed through a VNC Java applet. In "client-side simulation", the simulation program is downloaded from the server side but completely executed on the client side, for example using Java applets, Flash animations, JavaScript, or some mathematical software viewer plug-in. Server-side simulation is not scalable for many simultaneous users, but places fewer demands on the user computer performance and web-browser plug-ins than client-side simulation. The term on-line simulation sometimes refers
Web-based simulation
11982866
attacking host (unidirectional flow). Double Tagging can only be exploited on switch ports configured to use "native VLANs". Trunk ports configured with a "native VLAN" don't apply a VLAN tag when sending these frames. This allows an attacker's fake VLAN tag to be read by the next switch. Double Tagging can be mitigated by any of the following actions (Incl. IOS example): As an example of a double tagging attack, consider a secure web server on a VLAN called VLAN2. Hosts on VLAN2 are allowed access to the web server; hosts from outside VLAN2 are blocked by layer 3 filters.
VLAN hopping
16838554
you may choose your {database, html rendering, forms, etc} functionality library of your choice. Yesod uses a "Web application interface" API, abbreviated "WAI", to isolate servlets, aka web apps., from servers, with handlers for the server protocols CGI, FastCGI, SCGI, Warp, "Launch" (open as local "URL" to the default browser, closing the server when the window is closed), See ref. Yesod requires a data type that instantiates the controller classes. This is called the "foundation" type. In the example below, it is named "MyApp". The REST model identifies a web resource with a web path. Here REST resources are given
Yesod (web framework)
15410230
distributed the daily press releases and official publications of the Clinton Administration. CL-HTTP has been used as an example of a non-trivial Lisp application. CL-HTTP CL-HTTP is a web server, client and proxy written in Common Lisp. It is based on its own web application framework. It was written by John C. Mallery "in about 10 days" starting in 1994 on a Symbolics Lisp Machine. In the same year a port to Macintosh Common Lisp was done. In 1996 CL-HTTP became the first web server to support the HTTP 1.1 protocol. It runs on Unix, Linux, BSD variants, Mac OS
CL-HTTP
19489612
attached. HTTP/2 Server push is being progressively implemented, for example Nginx web server implemented it in version 1.13.9 in February 2018. HTTP/2 Server Push HTTP/2 Server Push allows an HTTP/2-compliant server to send resources to a HTTP/2-compliant client before the client requests them. It is, for the most part, a performance technique that can be helpful in loading resources pre-emptively. HTTP/2 Server Push is not a notification mechanism from server to client. Instead, pushed resources are used by the client when it may have otherwise produced a request to get the resource anyway; this can result in wasted bandwidth if
HTTP/2 Server Push
7212142
Personal web server A personal web server (PWS) is system of hardware and software that is designed to create and manage a web server on a desktop computer. It can be used to learn how to set up and administer a website, and it can also serve as a site for testing dynamic web pages. One of the main functions of PWS is to provide an environment where web programmers can test their programs and web pages. Therefore, a PWS supports the more common server-side programming approaches that can be used with production web servers. A personal web server, or
Personal web server
2723926
MMCache MMCache, also known as Turck MMCache, is a PHP accelerator, or an extension to PHP meant to improve performance. It is structured as a simple proxy server between the web server and the web browser. Its most important feature is using memcached for caching the data in memory. MMCache is free software released under the GNU GPL 2.0. The key identifying the given site is designated from the URL, so if, for example, there is a session defined within the URL, then the proxy will not work effectively. A newer version of MMCache, MMCache-LB, has an option to connect
MMCache
1374398
first supported in Mosaic (web browser) version 1.1. Server-side image maps enable the web browser to send positional information to the server about where the user clicks within an image. This allows the server to make pixel-by-pixel decisions about what content to return in response (possible methods are to use image mask layers, database queries, or configuration files on the server). The HTML code for this type of server-side image map requires the codice_1 tag to be inside an anchor tag codice_2 and the codice_1 must include the codice_4 attribute. When the user clicks inside the image the browser will
Image map
2747874
elegant solutions to some difficult high-level problems, like programming a web server that supports multiple pages, accessed by the use of the forward and back buttons and by following links. The Smalltalk Seaside web framework uses continuations to great effect, allowing one to program the web server in procedural style, by switching continuations when switching pages. More complex constructs for which ""continuations provide an elegant description"" also exist. For example, in C, longjmp can be used to jump from the middle of one function to another, provided the second function lies deeper in the stack (if it is waiting for
Continuation
17028223
services have moved towards not loading images when opening a hypertext email that comes from an unknown sender, or that is suspected to be spam email. The user must explicitly choose to load images. But of course beacons can be embedded in non-pictorial elements of a hypertext email. Web beacons can also be filtered out at the server level so that they never reach the end user. MailScanner is an example of gateway software that can neutralize email tracking beacons for all users of a particular server. The Beacon API (Application programming interface) is a candidate recommendation of the World
Web beacon
515966
impact true concurrency especially if the iterative part contains the log-in and log-out activity. If the system has no concept of end-users, then performance goal is likely to be based on a maximum throughput or transaction rate. This refers to the time taken for one system node to respond to the request of another. A simple example would be a HTTP 'GET' request from browser client to web server. In terms of response time this is what all load testing tools actually measure. It may be relevant to set server response time goals between all nodes of the system. Load-testing
Software performance testing
17028216
a company can identify a particular user, the company can then track that user's behavior across multiple interactions with different websites or web servers. As an example, consider a company that owns a network of websites. This company could store all of its "images" on one particular server, but store "the other contents" of its web pages on a variety of other servers. For instance each server could be specific to a given website, and could even be located in a different city. But the company could use web beacons to count and recognize individual users who visit the different
Web beacon
4343717
server rather than directly to the web server intended. The proxy server then fetches the web page from the server on the browser's behalf and passes on the content to the browser. Proxy servers can inspect the data being sent and received and intervene depending on various criteria relating to content of the page or the URL being requested, for example, using a database of banned words or banned URLs. The proxy method's major disadvantage is that it requires that the client application to be configured to utilize the proxy, and if it is possible for the user to reconfigure
Parental controls
2620031
Web Developer. For example, in a two-person team, one developer may focus on the technologies sent to the client such as HTML, JavaScript, CSS, ReactJs or AngularJS and on the server-side frameworks (such as Perl, Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, ASP, ASP.NET, Node.js) used to deliver content and scripts to the client. Meanwhile, the other developer might focus on the interaction between server-side frameworks, the web server, and a database system. Further, depending on the size of their organization, the aforementioned developers might work closely with a content creator/copy writer, marketing adviser, user experience designer, web designer, web producer, project manager,
Web developer
19368680
Perfect (server framework) Perfect is an application server, web and server framework written in the programming language Swift. It provides tools for developing web and other representational state transfer (REST) services in Swift, and web server and datasource connectors, providing default structures for developers working with databases, web services, and web pages. Its main focus is to make mobile development easier by using the Swift language on both sides of the client–server model, the client mobile device, and the server, where it competes with other server-side development tools such as Node.js and Python. It is open-source software, released under an
Perfect (server framework)
6238809
of an HTTP-based web server. Mashups are web applications which combine the use of multiple server-side web APIs. Webhooks are server-side web APIs that take as input an Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that is designed to be used like a remote named pipe or a type of callback such that the server acts as a client to dereference the provided URI and trigger an event on another server which handles this event thus providing a type of peer-to-peer IPC. Endpoints are important aspects of interacting with server-side web APIs, as they specify where resources lie that can be accessed by
Web API
124347
JavaScript. The Web server is another common host environment. A JavaScript Web server would typically expose host objects representing HTTP request and response objects, which a JavaScript program could then interrogate and manipulate to dynamically generate Web pages. JavaScript is the only language that the most popular browsers share support for and has inadvertently become a target language for frameworks in other languages. The increasing speed of JavaScript engines has made the language a feasible compilation target, despite the performance limitations inherent to its dynamic nature. Below is a minimal example of a standards-conforming Web page containing JavaScript (using HTML
JavaScript
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Oracle iPlanet Web Server Oracle iPlanet Web Server (OiWS) is a web server designed for medium and large business applications. Oracle iPlanet Web Server builds on the earlier Sun Java System Web Server, Sun ONE Web Server, iPlanet Web Server, and Netscape Enterprise Server products. Oracle iPlanet Web Server is available on Solaris, Windows, HP-UX, AIX, GNU/Linux, supports JSP and Java Servlet technologies, PHP, NSAPI, CGI, and ColdFusion. Netscape Enterprise Server was a web server developed originally by Netscape Communications Corporation in 1996, based on its 1994 release of Netsite. The product was renamed Sun Java System Web Server, reflecting
Oracle iPlanet Web Server
449120
Object Model (DOM) of the page, to perform tasks not possible in HTML alone. However, other web browsers such as Firefox and Opera do not have built-in support for VBScript. This means that where client-side scripting and cross-browser compatibility are required, developers usually choose JavaScript over VBScript. VBScript is also used for server-side processing of web pages, most notably with Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP). The ASP engine and type library, asp.dll, invokes vbscript.dll to run VBScript scripts. VBScript that is embedded in an ASP page is contained within <% and %> context switches. The following example of an ASP
VBScript
5813664
effective way to increase the security of a server because of the separation between the jailed environment and the rest of the system (the other jails and the base system). For example, in a non-jailed system, a web server running as user www that introduces a PHP-include vulnerability would compromise the entire system: the attacker would have the rights of the user www which can typically modify files on the web server, wander about in the directory tree and get lots of information, such as the full user list, shell and home directory from /etc/passwd. But if the web server
FreeBSD jail
12702629
DNS configuration can provide a mobile device with a global web address (URL). However, as of January 2010, the web server project has been discontinued by Nokia. The Mobile Web Server application allows mobile devices a means for hosting personal web applications, including, web pages and server side control. The most commonly used HTTP servers and servlet containers currently available are Jetty, Tomcat, Glassfish and Resin. Mobile Web Server A Mobile Web Server is software designed for modern-day smartphones to host personal web servers, through the use of open sourced software, such as, i-jetty, an open source software, based on
Mobile Web Server
3903925
Computer network naming scheme In computing, naming schemes are often used for objects connected into computer networks. Server naming is a common tradition. It makes it more convenient to refer to a machine by name than by its IP address. The CIA named their servers after states. Server names may be named by their role or follow a common theme such as colors, countries, cities, planets, chemical element, scientists, etc. If servers are in multiple different geographical locations they may be named by closest airport code. Such as web-01, web-02, web-03, mail-01, db-01, db-02. Airport code example: City-State-Nation example: Thus,
Computer network naming scheme
5594194
Crystal Enterprise Crystal Enterprise is the Business Objects server-based delivery platform for Crystal Reports and Crystal Analysis originally developed by Crystal Decisions. Crystal Enterprise is what is called a delivery platform in Business Intelligence terms. It provides an infrastructure for data access, which can store report templates. By using Crystal Enterprise, report designers can store report objects, instances of reports, schedule reports and request reports on demand through the use of clients, such as Web Browsers. For example, an administrator could store a sales report on Crystal Enterprise, and schedule this report to be run at the beginning of every
Crystal Enterprise
6052004
use. Because of this, tool kits that scrape web content were created. A web scraper is an Application Programming Interface (API) to extract data from a web site. Companies like Amazon AWS and Google provide web scraping tools, services and public data available free of cost to end users. Newer forms of web scraping involve listening to data feeds from web servers. For example, JSON is commonly used as a transport storage mechanism between the client and the web server. There are methods that some websites use to prevent web scraping, such as detecting and disallowing bots from crawling (viewing)
Web scraping
15842662
of functionality in a simple way. The following example creates a "REPL server" on the specified port; connecting to this port will look like a plain Racket REPL, except that the evaluation is subject to the various protection aspects of the sandbox. For example, it is not possible to access the filesystem from this REPL, create network connection, run subprocesses, or use too much time or memory. (In fact, this REPL is safe enough to be given out publicly.) The next example implements a web server using the codice_7 language. Each time a connection is made to the server, the
Racket features
488538
HTTP 404 The HTTP 404, 404 Not Found, and 404 error message is a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) standard response code, in computer network communications, to indicate that the client was able to communicate with a given server, but the server could not find what was requested. The website hosting server will typically generate a "404 Not Found" web page when a user attempts to follow a broken or dead link; hence the 404 error is one of the most recognizable errors encountered on the World Wide Web. When communicating via HTTP, a server is required to respond to a
HTTP 404
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updated to reflect this. Oracle iPlanet Web Server Oracle iPlanet Web Server (OiWS) is a web server designed for medium and large business applications. Oracle iPlanet Web Server builds on the earlier Sun Java System Web Server, Sun ONE Web Server, iPlanet Web Server, and Netscape Enterprise Server products. Oracle iPlanet Web Server is available on Solaris, Windows, HP-UX, AIX, GNU/Linux, supports JSP and Java Servlet technologies, PHP, NSAPI, CGI, and ColdFusion. Netscape Enterprise Server was a web server developed originally by Netscape Communications Corporation in 1996, based on its 1994 release of Netsite. The product was renamed Sun Java
Oracle iPlanet Web Server
400316
the web server. For example, WebDNA includes its own embedded database system. Either form of scripting (i.e., CGI or direct execution) can be used to build up complex multi-page sites, but direct execution usually results in less overhead because of the lower number of calls to external interpreters. Dynamic websites sometimes use custom web application servers, such as Glassfish, Plack and Python's "Base HTTP Server" library, although some may not consider this to be server-side scripting. When using dynamic web-based scripting techniques, developers must have a keen understanding of the logical, temporal, and physical separation between the client and the
Server-side scripting
4103349
where a bug does not necessarily give an attacker total control. TUX web server The TUX web server is an in-kernel web server for Linux licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). It was maintained by Ingo Molnár. It is currently limited to serving static web pages and coordinating between kernelspace modules, userspace modules, and regular userspace web server daemons that provide dynamic content. Regular userspace web servers do not need to be altered in any way for TUX to coordinate with them. However, userspace code has to use a new interface based on the codice_1 system call. The
TUX web server
1425627
Application server An application server is a software framework that provides both facilities to create web applications and a server environment to run them. Application Server Frameworks contain a comprehensive service layer model. An application server acts as a set of components accessible to the software developer through a standard API defined for the platform itself. For Web applications, these components are usually performed in the same running environment as their web server(s), and their main job is to support the construction of dynamic pages. However, many application servers target much more than just Web page generation: they implement services
Application server