who discovered sandwich ( now hawaiian ) isles
James Cook
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Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands () are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly the group was known to Europeans and Americans as the Sandwich Islands, a name chosen by James Cook in honor of the then First Lord of the Admiralty John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. The contemporary name is derived from the name of the largest island, Hawaii Island. The Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown by wealthy U.S. and European settlers in
Hawaiian Islands
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realm of the gods and goddesses. Captain James Cook, the English explorer and navigator who was captain of the first European expedition that discovered the Hawaiian Islands, called them the "Sandwich Islands" after his patron, the Earl of Sandwich. Cook was killed on the Big Island at Kealakekua Bay on 14 February 1779, in a mêlée which followed the theft of a ship's boat. Hawaiʻi was the home island of Paiʻea Kamehameha, later known as Kamehameha the Great. Kamehameha united most of the Hawaiian islands under his rule in 1795, after several years of war, and gave the kingdom and
Hawaii (island)
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latitude 56°30'S. They named these the Diego Ramirez Islands after the expedition's pilot. The islands remained the most southerly known land on earth until Captain James Cook's discovery of the South Sandwich Islands in 1775. Other voyages brought further discoveries in the southern oceans; in August 1592, the English seaman John Davis had taken shelter "among certain Isles never before discovered"—presumed to be the Falkland Islands. In 1675, the English merchant voyager Anthony de la Roché visited South Georgia (the first Antarctic land discovered); in 1739 the Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Bouvet de Lozier discovered the remote Bouvet Island, and in 1772
Farthest South
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the Earth's mantle. The islands are about from the nearest continent. Captain James Cook visited the islands on January 18, 1778 and named them the "Sandwich Islands" in honor of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was one of his sponsors as the First Lord of the Admiralty. This name was in use until the 1840s, when the local name "Hawaii" gradually began to take precedence. The Hawaiian Islands have a total land area of . Except for Midway, which is an unincorporated territory of the United States, these islands and islets are administered as Hawaii—the 50th state of
Hawaiian Islands
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Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands () are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly the group was known to Europeans and Americans as the Sandwich Islands, a name chosen by James Cook in honor of the then First Lord of the Admiralty John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. The contemporary name is derived from the name of the largest island, Hawaii Island. The Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown by wealthy U.S. and European settlers in
Hawaiian Islands
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military garrison after the Falklands War, returned to civilian use in 2001 and is now operated by the British Antarctic Survey. Captain James Cook discovered the southern eight islands of the Sandwich Islands Group in 1775, although he lumped the southernmost three together, and their status as separate islands was not established until 1820 by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. The northern three islands were discovered by Bellingshausen in 1819. The islands were tentatively named "Sandwich Land" by Cook, although he also commented that they might be a group of islands rather than a single body of land. The name was
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
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be difficult to imagine just how far surfboard technology has come since the first recorded surfboards seen in Hawaii. In 1778, Captain James Cook of the HMS Discovery had just begun his third discovery voyage and came across the Sandwich Islands, now known as the Hawaiian Islands. It was there he saw the natives riding large pieces of wood on the faces of waves. In the early days of Hawaiian surfing, surfing was a highly religious and spiritual affair for the natives. The art of surfing itself, praying for good surf, and the process of making a surfboard were all
Surfboard shaper
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along a route that passed south of Hawaii on their way to Manila. The exact route was kept secret to protect the Spanish trade monopoly against competing powers. The 1778 arrival of British explorer James Cook was the first documented contact by a European explorer with Hawaii. Cook named the archipelago as the Sandwich Islands in honor of his sponsor John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. Cook published the islands' location and rendered the native name as "Owyhee". This spelling lives on in Owyhee County, Idaho. It was named after three native Hawaiian members of a trapping party who went
Hawaii
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Hawaiian art The Hawaiian archipelago consists of 137 islands in the Pacific Ocean that are far from any other land. Polynesians arrived there one to two thousand years ago, and in 1778 Captain James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to visit Hawaii (which they called the Sandwich Islands). The art created in these islands may be divided into art existing prior to Cook’s arrival; art produced by recently arrived westerners; and art produced by Hawaiians incorporating western materials and ideas. Public collections of Hawaiian art may be found at the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Bishop Museum
Hawaiian art
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attached to Captain James Cook's ship . This vessel had secretly been ordered to search what is now the Alaskan Coast for the Northwest Passage. Leaving Britain in 1776, the ship reached Tahiti the following year and returned Omai, Captain Cook's translator and guide, to his home. From there, the vessel sailed north and visited the Hawaiian Islands, the Sandwich Islands and was the first European ship to visit and chart the coastline from California to Alaska. During 1778, Cook's behaviour became gradually more unpredictable, until in 1779 he returned to Hawaii to effect repairs on his ship prior to
John Hatley
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end of the Revolutionary War. The date of the first settlements of the Hawaiian Islands is a topic of continuing debate. Archaeological evidence seems to indicate a settlement as early as 124 AD. During his third and final voyage, Captain James Cook became the first European to begin formal contact with Hawaii. After his initial landfall in January 1778 at Waimea harbor, Kauai, Cook named the archipelago the "Sandwich Islands" after the fourth Earl of Sandwich—the acting First Lord of the Admiralty of the British Royal Navy. After Spain sent Columbus on his first voyage to the New World in
United States
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population of the island was 67,091. The most populous town was Kapaa. In 1778, Captain James Cook arrived at Waimea Bay, the first European known to have reached the Hawaiian islands. He named the archipelago after his patron the 6th Earl of Sandwich, George Montagu. During the reign of King Kamehameha, the islands of Kauai and Niihau were the last Hawaiian Islands to join his Kingdom of Hawaii. Their ruler, Kaumualii, resisted Kamehameha for years. King Kamehameha twice prepared a huge armada of ships and canoes to take the islands by force, and twice failed; once due to a storm,
Kauai
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South Sandwich Islands are even less hospitable than the main island of South Georgia, affected by volcanic activity as well. Since 1995 the South African Weather Bureau maintains two automatic weather stations on the islands of Zavodovski and Thule. The southern eight islands of the Sandwich Islands Group were discovered by James Cook in 1775; the northern three by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1819. Departing from South Georgia, Captain Cook sailed to the southeast to discover Clerke Rocks and a group of islands which he named "Sandwich Land" in honour of Lord Sandwich, then First Lord of the Admiralty.
History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
18191796
Kalaimanokahoʻowaha Kalaimanokahoʻowaha (also known as Kanaʻina) was an aliʻi high chief of the island of Hawai'i who lived during the period of Captain James Cook's visit and western naming of the Sandwich Islands. He was the chief said to have struck the first blow to Cook when he attempted to kidnap Kalaniʻōpuʻu, the king of the island. He was called Kanaʻina nui ( an aliʻi title) as a birthright from his father, Keaweʻopala, first born son of Alapainui. After his father was killed by Kalaniʻōpuʻu, he would serve the new king as a kaukau aliʻi, a service class of Hawaiian
Kalaimanokahoʻowaha
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chosen in honour of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty. The word "South" was later added to distinguish them from the "Sandwich Islands", now known as the Hawaiian Islands. Argentina claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938, and challenged British sovereignty in the Islands on several occasions. From 25 January 1955 to mid-1956, Argentina maintained the summer station Teniente Esquivel at Ferguson Bay on the southeastern coast of Thule Island. Argentina maintained a naval base (Corbeta Uruguay) from 1976 to 1982, in the lee (southern east coast) of the same island. Although the British discovered
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
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the former "Sandwich Isles" proclaimed by Capt. Cook in 1798. On November 28, 1843, at the Court of London, the British and French governments entered into a formal agreement to recognize Hawaiian independence. Aliʻi Aliʻi in the Hawaiian language refers to the hereditary line of rulers, the "noho aliʻi", of the Hawaiian Islands. "Aliʻi" has a similar meaning in the Samoan language and other Polynesian languages, and is a cognate of the Māori word "ariki". In ancient Hawaiian society, the "aliʻi" were the hereditary nobles (social class or caste). The "aliʻi" consisted of the higher and lesser chiefs of the
Aliʻi
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of Oriental Oceania entrusted to the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands The Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands was the jurisdiction of the prelate of the Catholic Church in the Hawaiian Islands, created in 1847 by the Holy See. In 1848, the phrase "Sandwich Islands" was dropped and replaced by "Hawaiian Islands." The first Vicar Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands (and the Hawaiian Islands) was Msgr. Louis Desiré Maigret, SS.CC. The Vicariate derives from the Prefecture Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands, established in 1825 and which was to become in
Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands
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Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands The Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands was the jurisdiction of the prelate of the Catholic Church in the Hawaiian Islands, created in 1847 by the Holy See. In 1848, the phrase "Sandwich Islands" was dropped and replaced by "Hawaiian Islands." The first Vicar Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands (and the Hawaiian Islands) was Msgr. Louis Desiré Maigret, SS.CC. The Vicariate derives from the Prefecture Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands, established in 1825 and which was to become in 1833, a part of the larger territory under the ordinary jurisdiction of the Vicar Apostolic
Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands
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gold-mining missions as regular proselytizing missions. By the time of the Utah War, the California Mission had largely stopped functioning. The Sandwich Islands Mission was begun in 1850. Among the first missionaries sent to what are now called the Hawaiian Islands was George Q. Cannon who converted Jonatana Napela. The two of them translated the "Book of Mormon" into Hawaiian, and the church was able to gain many native Hawaiian converts. The last antebellum mission was the Indian Territory Mission. Organized in 1855 with Henry W. Miller as president, this mission mainly focused on teaching the Cherokee in what is
Mission (LDS Church)
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year, Whittle was assigned to the Sandwich Islands, now called the Hawaiian Islands. Whittle arrived in Honolulu on December 12, 1850 with nine other LDS missionaries: Henry W. Bigler, Hiram Blackwell, George Q. Cannon, Hiram Clark, John Dixon, Wm. Farrer, James Hawkins, James Keeler, and Thomas Morris. The small group of missionaries arrived aboard a small whaling vessel called the "Imaum of Muscat". The mission to the Sandwich Islands did not last long for Whittle and some of his companions as the Hawaiian language and reception proved very difficult. Whittle returned home and the Whittle family moved to Herriman, Utah.
Thomas Levi Whittle
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Minister Margaret Thatcher, who had "swept aside James Callaghan, prices and incomes policies and the British Rail sandwich". It has also been used as a negative point of comparison for poor service in general. In 1988, "Investors Chronicle" described British Telecom's quality of service as "attracting the sort of public abuse once reserved for the British Rail sandwich". In 2007, Sir Michael Bishop, then chairman of airline bmi, wrote that Heathrow Airport "now has the reputation formerly held by the British Rail sandwich". In 2001, the National Railway Museum in York discovered a November 1971 document featuring sandwich recipes, issued
British Rail sandwich
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of pelts to China, stopping off at the Sandwich Islands, now known as Hawaii, en route. Gray arrived in Canton in early 1790 and traded his cargo for large amounts of tea. Gray then continued on west, sailing through the Indian Ocean, around the Cape of Good Hope, and across the Atlantic, arriving back in Boston on August 9, 1790. As such, the "Columbia" became the first American vessel to circumnavigate the globe. Although the commercial venture was disappointing, Gray was paraded through Boston for the circumnavigation accomplishment. Accompanying Gray was a Hawaiian native, dressed in traditional Hawaiian dress, who
Robert Gray (sea captain)
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The word "South" was later added to distinguish them from the "Sandwich Islands", now known as "Hawaii". The archipelago of the South Sandwich Islands comprises Candlemas, Vindication, Saunders, Montagu, Bristol, Bellingshausen, Cook and Thule discovered by Cook, and the Traversay Islands (Zavodovski, Leskov and Visokoi) discovered by the Imperial Russian Navy expedition of Bellingshausen and Lazarev in the ships "Vostok" and "Mirny" in 1819. The United Kingdom formally annexed the South Sandwich Islands through the 1908 Letters Patent, grouping them with other British-held territory in Antarctica as the Falkland Islands Dependencies. Argentina claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938, and
History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
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The sandwiches are Kings Hawaiian BLT and Roast Beef and Swiss (which includes Grey Poupon Honey Dijon mustard). There is also a seasonally-available King's Hawaiian Fish (which includes a slice of tomato and a slice of Market Cheddar, along with the usual lettuce and tartar sauce). September 2014, a Barbecue Brisket sandwich on the Kings Hawaiian buns was introduced. It is named "BBQ Brisket Sandwich" In 2016, King's launched a new line of BBQ Sauces consisting of four flavors; Big Island Lava, Smoked Bacon, Original Sweet Pineapple, and Kona Coffee. In 2016, King's Hawaiian entered a three story tall float
King's Hawaiian
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long-term, but Mokumanamana, much barer of vegetation, was probably not able to support many people for long. It is thought that the early Hawaiians only came to Mokumanamana for religious purposes. The first of the Leeward Isles to be discovered by Europeans was Nihoa. James Colnett discovered it in 1786, although historically the credit has gone to William Douglas. Later that year, La Pérouse discovered Necker, and named it for Jacques Necker, the French Minister of Finance. La Pérouse then went on to discover French Frigate Shoals. The last of the NWHI to be discovered was Midway Atoll, which was
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
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of missionaries and Western fabrics in the 1820s. The climate of Hawaii is unsuitable for cotton cultivation and kapa is unsuitable for quilting so all Hawaiian quilts are constructed from imported material. The earliest written reference comes from Isabella Bird who visited Hawaii in 1870 and wrote a travelogue "Six Months in the Sandwich Islands". Another Hawaiian quilt style is the Hawaiian flag quilt, also known as "Ku’u Hae Aloha" ("My Beloved Flag" or "Lost Beloved Flag") quilts. The typical flag quilt includes four Hawaiian flags surrounding a royal Hawaiian coat of arms or crown. Flag quilts combine pieced work
Hawaiian quilt
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Sciences in 1828. Based on these conversations the "Sandwich-Wörterverzeichnis" (Sandwich glossary) served as foundation of his research on the Malayo-Polynesian languages and Maitey was Humboldt's most important source for the Hawaiian language. From fall in 1829 he had a Hawaiian companion in the "Erziehungshaus" for about eight months, Jony Kahopimeai, who had come to Germany with the Prussian ship "Princess Louise". After Maitey started to serve at Peacock Island Jony occasionally visited him, but in February 1831 he became ill, died from pneumonia and was buried on March 2, 1831. On April 23, 1830, Maitey was baptized and confirmed. He
Harry Maitey
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the Hawaiian delegation, "Her Majesty's Government was willing and had determined to recognize the independence of the Sandwich Islands under their present sovereign." On November 28, 1843, at the Court of London, the British and French Governments formally recognized Hawaiian independence. The "Anglo-Franco Proclamation", a joint declaration by France and Britain, signed by King Louis-Philippe and Queen Victoria, assured the Hawaiian delegation: Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the King of the French, taking into consideration the existence in the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands) of a government capable of providing
Kingdom of Hawaii
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from various international regions. The Italian Chicken Sandwich is a chicken parmigiana sandwich with marinara sauce and mozzarella, the French Chicken Sandwich is a Chicken Cordon Bleu sandwich with ham and Swiss cheese, and the American Chicken Sandwich has mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato and American cheese. Similar regional inspired sandwiches included the Philly Chicken Sandwich, which was a chicken version of a Philly cheesesteak sandwich made with red and green bell peppers, onions and cheese, and the Hawaiian BK Chicken with mayonnaise, lettuce, bacon, American cheese and pineapple sold in New Zealand. Besides the Original Chicken sandwich, Burger King has sold
Burger King Specialty Sandwiches
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Rebecca Ahung, Lyman's future wife attended the Royal School at Honolulu, and by June 1859 was an instructor there, teaching arithmetic and geography. Her Hawaiian name comes from "hua lani" which means "offspring from heaven" in the Hawaiian language. Lyman and Rebecca had fifteen children, many of whom would become influential in different ways. Inheriting his mother's interest in observing nearby volcanoes, Lyman developed a theory for the formation of lava tree molds discovered on the ranch of fellow missionary son William Herbert Shipman (who also married the daughter of Hawaiian nobility). This area is now Lava Tree State Monument.
Rufus Anderson Lyman
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Earth. On June 15, 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush issued a proclamation creating Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument under the Antiquities Act of 1906. The national monument, meant to protect the biodiversity of the Hawaiian isles, encompasses all of the northern isles, and is one of the largest such protected areas in the world. The proclamation limits tourism to the area, and called for a phase-out of fishing by 2011. The oldest and most heavily eroded part of the chain are the Emperor seamounts, which are 39 to 85 million years in age. The Emperor and Hawaiian chains form an
Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
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a half years in a surveying ship in the Mediterranean (1818–21), one and a half years in a surveying sloop in the English Channel and off the coast of Ireland (1823–24), and one and a half years as Surveyor of the frigate during a voyage (1824–26) to and from the Hawaiian Islands (then known as the "Sandwich islands"). In Hawaii he surveyed harbours which, he noted, were "said not to exist by Captains Cook and Vancouver." On the return voyage he discovered and explored uninhabited Malden Island in the central Pacific on 30 July 1825. After his return he left
Charles Robert Malden
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he discovered the "offshore grounds," or the seas between 105-125° W and 5-10° S. In 1820 the first New England whaleship, the "Maro", under Capt. Joseph Allen, hunted sperm whales on the Japan ground, midway between Japan and Hawaii. The previous year the first New England whalers visited the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, and subsequently these islands were used to obtain fresh fruits, vegetables, and more crew, as well as to repair any damages sustained to the ship. In 1829 the New England fleet numbered 203 sail; in five years time it more than doubled to 421 vessels, and by 1840
Whaling in the United States
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to the canonical election of the Diocese of Honolulu, a single priest led what was the Prefecture Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands. The prefecture apostolic was later incorporated into another ecclesiastical territory, led by a bishop serving as Vicariate Apostolic of Oriental Oceania. The prefecture was later elevated to a vicariate apostolic. The phrase "Sandwich Islands" was later deleted and replaced by "Hawaiian Islands". Five bishops have led the Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. All bishops were members of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. Four diocesan bishops have served the Diocese of Honolulu. On
Roman Catholic Bishop of Honolulu
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Nene (bird) The nene ("Branta sandvicensis"), also known as nēnē and Hawaiian goose, is a species of bird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The official bird of the state of Hawaii, the nene is exclusively found in the wild on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai, Molokai, and Hawaii. The Hawaiian name "nēnē" comes from its soft call. The specific name "sandvicensis" refers to the Sandwich Islands, a former name for the Hawaiian Islands. It is thought that the nene evolved from the Canada goose ("Branta canadensis"), which most likely arrived on the Hawaiian islands about 500,000 years ago, shortly
Nene (bird)
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Captain Meares wrote: Thus died Winee, a native of Owhyhee, one of the Sandwich Islands, who possessed virtues that are seldom to be found in the class of her countrywomen to which she belonged, and a portion of understanding that was not be expected in a rude and uncultivated mind. It may not, perhaps, be uninteresting to mention the cause of this poor girl's departure from her friends and country, which it was her fate never to behold again. Wynee Wynee, also spelled Winee or Winée was the first Native Hawaiian from the Hawaiian Islands to travel abroad on a
Wynee
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and Brazil. After this they rounded Cape Horn and set across the Pacific Ocean, making stops at the Marquesas, the Aleutian Islands, and the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, and also at Kamchatka. They then separated at the Sandwich Islands. "Nadezhda" sailed to Japan to deliver the Russian ambassador, while "Neva" went on to visit the Russian settlements on the north-west coast of America. One passenger aboard "Nadezhda" was Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, who between 1819 and 1821 would lead a second Russian circumnavigation of the world. Another passenger was Otto von Kotzebue, the stepson of Kruzenstern's sister. In 1805 the Swiss
Nadezhda (1802 Russian ship)
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the "Svensktoppen" chart. The "Kalendarium" collection included a Swedish-language re-recording of the title track from "Blue Virgin Isles", "Himlen är oskyldigt blå" ("The Sky is Innocently Blue"), which fifteen years after its original release became another "Svensktoppen" hit, and became one of his best-known songs. In early 1994, "Kalendarium 1972–93" was awarded a platinum disc. All of Gärdestad's albums from the 1970s and early 1980s, with the exception of "Blue Virgin Isles", were re-released on CD by Polar, and a generation of Swedes who grew up listening to his music now re-discovered and re-evaluated his back catalogue as adults. His
Ted Gärdestad
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dropping Omai at Tahiti, Cook travelled north and in 1778 became the first European to begin formal contact with the Hawaiian Islands. After his initial landfall in January 1778 at Waimea harbour, Kauai, Cook named the archipelago the "Sandwich Islands" after the fourth Earl of Sandwich—the acting First Lord of the Admiralty. From the Sandwich Islands, Cook sailed north and then northeast to explore the west coast of North America north of the Spanish settlements in Alta California. He made landfall on the Oregon coast at approximately 44°30′ north latitude, naming his landing point Cape Foulweather. Bad weather forced his
James Cook
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north and in 1778 became the first European to visit the Hawaiian Islands. After his initial landfall in January 1778 at Waimea harbour, Kauai, Cook named the archipelago the "Sandwich Islands" after the fourth Earl of Sandwich—the acting First Lord of the Admiralty. From the Sandwich Islands Cook sailed north and then north-east to explore the west coast of North America north of the Spanish settlements in Alta California. Cook explored and mapped the coast all the way to the Bering Strait, on the way identifying what came to be known as Cook Inlet in Alaska. In a single visit,
History of Oceania
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bacon is not mentioned in all accounts. A book about Presley and his mother, Gladys Presley, though, says he had "sandwich after sandwich of his favorite—peanut butter, sliced bananas, and crisp bacon". Another passage describes him talking "feverishly until dawn" while "wolfing" down the sandwiches (described in this instance as being made with mashed banana). A news report suggests that, based on renditions of sandwiches named after him, Presley ate his with caramelized bananas and crispy bacon on grilled Hawaiian bread, and grilled by his mother or his cook in bacon fat. "The Good, the Bad, and the Yummy" describes
Peanut butter, banana and bacon sandwich
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Koa wilt Koa wilt is a relatively new disease to Hawaii, discovered in 1980. Koa wilt is caused by a forma specialis of the fungus "Fusarium oxysporum", which is now abundant in Hawaiian soils and infects the native Acacia koa tree, a once-dominant species in the canopy of Hawaiian forests. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. koae is believed to have been brought into Hawaii on an ornamental acacia plant. Fusarium fungi clog the tree xylem, causing significant wilt and mortality among these beautiful and iconic Hawaiian trees. The host for Koa wilt is Acacia koa, a tree that is native and endemic
Koa wilt
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on Hawaiian flights between Hawaii and Western U.S. gateway cities will be treated to complimentary meal service exclusively created for the airline’s new "Pau Hāna Café" brand. "The Pau Hāna Café", branded meals made exclusively for the airline, consists of a continental breakfast box for brunch and hot sandwich and side for lunch. Pau Hāna, a Hawaiian term for “finished work,” is a time to relax and unwind after a long workday. The meal service will be followed by coffee and a sweet treat for dessert. A parting Mahalo service features the carrier’s popular Koloa Breeze cocktail, featuring Koloa Rum
Hawaiian Airlines
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British Butterflies" (1934). In 1927, a need for money forced him to sell his butterfly collection to Lord Rothschild for £1000. These are now part of the Rothschild collection in the Natural History Museum at London. He also illustrated numerous bird books, including "Aves Hawaiienses: The Birds of the Sandwich Islands"; and "Birds of the British Isles and their Eggs" with A G Butler, published around 1898. He married Margaret Grant in June 1895 and spent the honeymoon in the New Forest. Margaret died in 1907 leaving him to care for two daughters. In 1909 he married Mabel Jane Hart
Frederick William Frohawk
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arrest released by Moore, Oklahoma police show Shortey in the motel room wearing a T-shirt that reads, "now go make me a sandwich." Above a cartoon drawing of a sandwich, it cites , a Bible verse that calls on women to obey their husbands. Police said that they discovered sexually explicit text messages between the duo in which Shortey called the teen "baby boy" and offered him cash in exchange for sexual acts. Shortey turned himself in the same day and was released on a $100,000 bond. The FBI and U.S. Secret Service in Oklahoma City both confirmed that they
Ralph Shortey
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Island Marine Archaeology Project (RIMAP) began research into the identity of the thirteen transports sunk as part of the Newport blockade of 1778, including "Lord Sandwich." In 1999 RIMAP discovered documents in the Public Record Office (now called the National Archives) in London confirming that "Endeavour" had been renamed "Lord Sandwich", had served as a troop transport to North America, and had been scuttled at Newport as part of the 1778 fleet of transports. In 1999 a combined research team from RIMAP and the Australian National Maritime Museum examined some known wrecks in the harbour and in 2000, RIMAP and
HMS Endeavour
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When the paper failed in 1855, Fornander began a new venture called the "Sandwich Islands Monthly", which was to cover both items of local interest and discussion of the great scientific, literary, and theological questions of the day. Although the magazine survived less than a year, a recurring theme in Fornander's writing was a concern for the status and condition of native Hawaiians. Fornander then went to work for "The Polynesian", a rival publication that he now edited until its demise in 1864. In late 1863, the new Hawaiian king Kamehameha V recognized Fornander's talents and appointed him to the
Abraham Fornander
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all would have survived had they followed Captain Pollard's recommendation and sailed to Tahiti. Pollard returned to sea in early 1822 to captain the whaleship "Two Brothers". It was wrecked on the French Frigate Shoals during a storm off the coast of Hawaii on his first voyage, after which he joined a merchant vessel, which was wrecked off the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands) shortly thereafter. By now Pollard was considered a "Jonah" (unlucky), and no ship owner would trust him to sail on a ship again, so he was forced to retire. He subsequently became Nantucket's night watchman. Every November
Essex (whaleship)
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Oxynoe viridis Oxynoe viridis is a species of small sea snail or sea slug, a bubble snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Oxynoidae. This species occurs in the Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, Egypt, Taiwan and Turkey. The type locality for this species is "Sandwich Islands", now Hawaiian Islands. The body is oval or ovate, dorsal region elevated, lateral lobes regular in shape, outline of the edges convex, not meeting; tentacles well-developed, grooved and truncated; eyes immersed immediately behind the tentacles; foot linear, adapted for clasping seaweed; the whole upper surface garnished with more or less numerous cirrigerous appendages. Tail
Oxynoe viridis
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Bay in January 1777 he did drawings of "A Man of Van Diemen's Land" and "A Woman of Van Diemen's Land". He also did many drawings of scenes in New Zealand and the South Sea islands. On this voyage, during which Cook lost his life in a fight in Hawaii, Webber became the first European artist to make contact with Hawaii, then called the Sandwich Islands. He made numerous watercolor landscapes of the islands of Kauai and Hawaii, and also portrayed many of the Hawaiian people. In April 1778, Captain Cook's ships Resolution and Discovery anchored at Ship Cove, now
John Webber
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Hawaiian ethnic inheritance, without any derisive sense. One linguist holds that "Canuck", a nickname for Canadians, is derived from the Hawaiian "Kanaka". As early as the 1820s, native workers from the Hawaiian Islands (called the "Sandwich Islands" at the time), were employed in the kitchen and other skilled trades by the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Vancouver, mostly living south and west of the main palisade in an area known as "Kanaka Village." Kanakas employed in agriculture and ranching, were present in the mainland United States (primarily in California under Spanish colonial rule and later American company contracts) as early
Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)
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Hawaiian language names. They were often registered as "kanakas", the 19th-century term for Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, with the "Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiʻi) noted as their place of origin. From October 1864 to April 1865, Kealoha fought in the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign, better known as the Siege of Petersburg. During the campaign, Kealoha and another Hawaiian named Kaiwi, of the 28th Regiment United States Colored Troops, came across Samuel Chapman Armstrong, a son of an American missionary and a native of Maui. Armstrong wrote of the encounter in a letter home that was later published in the Hawaiian missionary newspaper "The Friend"
J. R. Kealoha
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the island arc. Leskov Island Leskov Island is a small uninhabited island in the Traversay Islands group of the South Sandwich Islands. It is less than long, and lies west of Visokoi Island. It was discovered in 1819 by a Russian expedition under Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, who named it for the third lieutenant on the expedition ship "Vostok". Leskov is located to the west of the main island arc of the South Sandwich Islands, and is composed of andesitic rather than basaltic lava with its highest peak reaching . The subduction zone forming the South Sandwich Trench lies to
Leskov Island
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Leskov Island Leskov Island is a small uninhabited island in the Traversay Islands group of the South Sandwich Islands. It is less than long, and lies west of Visokoi Island. It was discovered in 1819 by a Russian expedition under Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, who named it for the third lieutenant on the expedition ship "Vostok". Leskov is located to the west of the main island arc of the South Sandwich Islands, and is composed of andesitic rather than basaltic lava with its highest peak reaching . The subduction zone forming the South Sandwich Trench lies to the east of
Leskov Island
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the Sandwich Islands, the present-day Hawaiian Islands, where he became the first European to set foot on the island of Maui. Lapérouse sailed on to Alaska, where he landed near Mount St. Elias in late June 1786 and explored the environs. On 13 July 1786 a barge and two longboats, carrying 21 men, were lost in the heavy currents of the bay called "Port des Français" by Lapérouse, but now known as Lituya Bay. The men visited with the Tlingit tribe. (This encounter was dramatized briefly in episode 13 of Carl Sagan's "".) Next, he headed south, exploring the northwest
Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
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intention of trading with the natives of the northern Pacific coast. To do this a trading post was necessary. After sailing around the mouth of the river for a while, the traders established Fort Astoria, the first American claim on the Pacific coast. The "Tonquin" had departed New York the previous September, with brief stops in the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic and the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands in the mid-Pacific. Now after establishing a base of operations, the traders were free to explore the region in pursuit of fine furs. The "Tonquin" was crewed by twenty-three men at the
Battle of Woody Point
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Pacific Ocean. It prefers steep slopes, near black corals at depths of . The Hawaiian butterflyfish feeds on a variety of planktonic and benthic organisms. These fish are somewhat popular in aquaria. Hawaiian butterflyfish The Hawaiian butterflyfish, "Chaetodon tinkeri", is a member of the family Chaetodontidae of order Perciformes. It is also known as Tinker's butterflyfish, after Spencer W. Tinker who discovered it in 1949, trapping them in fish traps at off Oahu, Hawaii. It grows to a maximum length of . It swims alone or in pairs and occasionally in small aggregations. Its coloring is divided on the diagonal
Hawaiian butterflyfish
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Kauai and Hawaii. Its main enemies were the chiefs of Oahu and Maui. By the end of the 17th century, as interisland conflict grew worse and worse, and Molokai suffered many blows from the powerful monarchs of other isles; notably Kapiiohookalani, Peleioholani and Kahekili II. Molokai finally, and completely, succumbed to the might of Maui prior to the end of the ancient Hawaiian era. Alii nui of Molokai The Alii nui were high chiefs of the four main Hawaiian Islands. The rulers of Molokai, like those of the other Hawaiian islands, claim descent from god Wākea. The traditional history of
Alii nui of Molokai
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Alii nui of Molokai The Alii nui were high chiefs of the four main Hawaiian Islands. The rulers of Molokai, like those of the other Hawaiian islands, claim descent from god Wākea. The traditional history of Molokai is fragmentary. The island was not of major political importance. Its importance lay in the connections its royal family made by marriage, and, in later years, the reputation of its sorcery and "kahunas". Molokai was the fifth largest of the eight main Hawaiian isles, and its size hindered it in its struggle for power and survival among the other islands of Maui, Oahu,
Alii nui of Molokai
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Transit of Venus, soon being appointed as head instructor. The Transit Expedition project was overseen by George Biddell Airy, but historian Jessica Ratcliff notes that Tupman was 'manager, observer and calculator' and that his involvement 'went deeper than Airy's.' Tupman oversaw recruitment and training of the team of observers (including with the use of a clockwork model), and organised the equipment and transport for all five official British expeditions. These were to Egypt, the Sandwich Islands, Rodriguez Island, New Zealand and Kerguelen Island. He went as chief astronomer on the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands expedition and observed the transit of Venus
George Lyon Tupman
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July 24, 2012, KFC resumed sales of the Double Down in New Zealand. On October 28, 2016, KFC announced via Facebook that they would again sell the Double Down for a limited time of four weeks, as well as a new spinoff product called the Hawaiian Double (replacing bacon with pineapple), commencing November 1. This was in response to an online campaign launched by Australian Facebook page 'Yeah the Boys'. NPR compared its calorie count to that of McDonald's Premium Crispy Chicken Club Sandwich. Both the grilled and fried Double Down products have nearly a full day's worth of sodium
Double Down (sandwich)
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is believed to control a curse on Druid's Bottom, which then burns down, causing guilt to Carrie who has by then discovered that Mr Evans was in fact innocent - there was no will at all. The Willow children go to live with family in Glasgow. There is an epilogue in which, thirty years later, the adult Carrie returns to the area with her (two) children to discover that Hepzibah and Mr Johnny are still living at Druid's Bottom, now owned by Albert Sandwich, while Mr Evans has died years before, alone and unhappy. Shot by the BBC, the show
Carrie's War (1974 TV serial)
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later introduced all over the world. In 1937, it was discovered to be invading the San Francisco Bay's brackish waters and adjacent fresh waters of the California Central Valley. It was also recently discovered in the Third Lock Lake in Panama, a man-made lake intended to be a part of the Panama Canal. "R. harrisii" was first discovered in Europe in the Zuider Zee, the Netherlands, and is now also found in Denmark, Belgium, Germany, France, Poland, Estonia, Finland, Russia, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Romania and Bulgaria, from the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. In the British Isles, "R. harrisii" has
Rhithropanopeus harrisii
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trees. Outrigger canoe racing, often in koa canoes, is still a popular and highly competitive sport of cultural significance. Koa wilt Koa wilt is a relatively new disease to Hawaii, discovered in 1980. Koa wilt is caused by a forma specialis of the fungus "Fusarium oxysporum", which is now abundant in Hawaiian soils and infects the native Acacia koa tree, a once-dominant species in the canopy of Hawaiian forests. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. koae is believed to have been brought into Hawaii on an ornamental acacia plant. Fusarium fungi clog the tree xylem, causing significant wilt and mortality among these beautiful
Koa wilt
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November 8, 1666 William Bassett, who described himself as a blacksmith of Bridgewater, sold four lots to John Sprague of Duxbury, and Bassett's wife Mary gave her consent. John Sprague was the husband of Bassett's daughter Ruth. 1. In 1611 he was a widower of Cecily Light, Leiden. He is shown as a hodman from Sandwich, Kent in Leiden betrothal to Mary Butler who died before the third banns. Johanna W. Tammel The Pilgrims and other People from the British Isles in Leiden 1576-1640 (Isle of Man: The Mansk-Svenska Publishing Co. Ltd., 1989), 44. He was a Pilgrim from St.
William Bassett (d. 1667)
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Islands (as Hawaii was then known). King Kamehameha II and Queen Kamamalu of Hawaii had been on a visit to London in 1824 when they both died of the measles, against which they had no immunity. HMS "Blonde" was commissioned by the British Government to return their bodies to the Hawaiian Islands, with George Anson Byron in command, a cousin of poet Byron. The resulting book "Voyage Of The H.M.S. Blonde To The Sandwich Islands, In The Years 1824-1825" contained a history of the exotic royal couple's unfortunate visit to London, a résumé of the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands
Maria Graham
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known as the Hawaiian Temple or the Hawaii Temple until the implementation of the standard naming convention for LDS temples. During the California Gold Rush, the first ten Mormon missionaries to Hawaii departed San Francisco on the ship "Imaum of Muscat." After 20 days at sea, the ship arrived on December 12, 1850, in Honolulu Harbor at what was then known as the "Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Islands). A week later, nine missionaries received their assignments; two headed to the island of Kaua'i, three to Lahaina on the island of Maui, two to the Big Island of Hawaii, and two stayed
Laie Hawaii Temple
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Hawaiian educator and historian, became the second licensed religious teacher in 1843. It would not be until 1849 when, James Kekela was ordained as the first Native Hawaiian Protestant minister. He died on February 21, 1844, at his post in Wailuku. He was buried on February 23, 1844, at the cemetery ground of the Kaahumanu Church. In the same year, American missionary Jonathan Smith Green wrote "Notices of the Life, Character, and Labors of the Late Bartimeus L. Puaaiki, of Wailuku, Maui, Sandwich Islands" in his memory. Puaaiki Bartimeus Lalana Puaʻaiki ( – February 21, 1844) was an early convert
Puaaiki
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the globe as well as visiting Hawai‘i. Inquiries about the Hawaiian teenager confirmed, that he had no relatives, and he was allowed to leave Hawai‘i. The name "Maitey" was recorded by the Germans as Henry's (or Harry's) family name, but was obviously derived from the Hawaiian "maika‘i" or "maita‘i". During the voyage the ownership of the ship was transferred to the "Seehandlungsgesellschaft" (Prussian Maritime Enterprise) under the jurisdiction of the Prussian king Frederick William III. Therefore, after the arrival of the "Mentor" in Swinemünde on September 14, 1824, the king was informed about the "Sandwich islander", and decided on September
Harry Maitey
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Madeira, they reached Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 27 November 1824. After spending time both in Rio de Janeiro and St Catherine's, they left Brazil on 1 January 1825, bound for Valparaíso, Chile, which they reached on 4 February 1825. They sailed north up the coast to reach Callao, Peru, on 16 March 1825, before sailing west to the Galapagos Islands, where they remained from 25 March to 3 April 1825. The "Blonde" arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then known as the Sandwich Islands) on 4 May 1825. The party remained in the Hawaiian Islands from 4 May to 18
Andrew Bloxam
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The Sandwich Islands in 1778, and in the lower left foreground of his 1781 engraving is depicted a Paddleboarder/Surfer Rider. Thomas Edward Blake is credited as the pioneer in paddleboard construction in the early 1930s. While restoring historic Hawaiian boards in 1926 for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Blake built a replica of the previously ignored "olo" surfboard ridden by ancient Hawaiian "alii" (kings). He lightened his redwood replica ("olo" were traditionally made from "wiliwili" wood) by drilling it full of holes, which he then covered, thus creating the first hollow board, which led to creation of the modern paddleboard.
Paddleboarding
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the Vicariate Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands. Similar vicariates apostolic were created for Tahiti and the Marquesas. Blessed Pius IX changed its name in 1848 to the Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. Venerable Pope Pius XII elevated the vicariate apostolic to the dignity of a diocese on January 25, 1941, as it remains today. The first Catholic mission to the Kingdom of Hawaii was established by the creation of the Prefecture Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands by Pope Leo XII and the appointment of Alexis Bachelot as its first and only prefect, a member of the Congregation of the
Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu
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August. After returning Omai, Cook delayed his onward journey until 7 December when he travelled north and on 18 January 1778 became the first European to visit the Hawaiian Islands. In passing and after initial landfall at Waimea harbour, Kauai, Cook named the archipelago the "Sandwich Islands" after the fourth Earl of Sandwich—the acting First Lord of the Admiralty. They observed that the inhabitants spoke a version of the Polynesian language familiar to them from their previous travels in the South Pacific. From Hawaii, he went northeast on 2 February to explore the west coast of North America north of
Third voyage of James Cook
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medicine Mansil (oxamniquine), which had been developed at the Sandwich site. Feldene (piroxicam), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug developed jointly by the Sandwich site and Pfizer's R&D facility in Groton, United States, was launched in 1980. In 1984, a third phase of buildings was completed at the Sandwich site. The oral antifungal drug Diflucan (fluconazole), which had been discovered at the Sandwich site, was launched in 1988. In December 1997, Pfizer announced an investment of £109 million in a new research facility at the Sandwich site, creating 1,000 jobs. In April 2001, Pfizer UK received the Queen's Award for Enterprise for
Pfizer UK
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Hawaiian performers household names across the US and around the world. Among the regulars of "Hawaii Calls" were Alfred Apaka, John Kameaaloha Almeida, Haunani Kahalewai, Nina Keali'iwahamana, Boyce Rodrigues, Lani Custino, Jules Ah See and Pua Almeida. Other well known Hawaiian performers such as Martin Denny, Hilo Hattie, Ed Kenny, Benny Kalama, hula dancer Beverly Noa and Arthur Lyman also made appearances. Haleloke Kahauolopua was discovered by Arthur Godfrey while a regular on the show. The show also occasionally featured performers from other parts of the world who sang or played Hawaiian music. Each show opened with the sounds of
Hawaii Calls
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Hawaiian butterflyfish The Hawaiian butterflyfish, "Chaetodon tinkeri", is a member of the family Chaetodontidae of order Perciformes. It is also known as Tinker's butterflyfish, after Spencer W. Tinker who discovered it in 1949, trapping them in fish traps at off Oahu, Hawaii. It grows to a maximum length of . It swims alone or in pairs and occasionally in small aggregations. Its coloring is divided on the diagonal between black and white. It has gold dorsal and tail fins, and a gold vertical bar across its eyes. This fish inhabits Hawaii, Johnston Atoll and the Marshall Islands in the tropical
Hawaiian butterflyfish
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ligands such as CO or allyl. Compounds such as the cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer and cyclopentadienylmolybdenumtricarbonyl dimer can be considered a special case of half-sandwiches, except that they are dimetallic. A structurally related species is [Ru(CH)Cl]. The first multidecker sandwich complex was the dicationic triscyclopentadienyl dinickel complex [NiCp](BF). Since that discovery, many related multidecker sandwich compounds have been discovered, especially triple deckers. A versatile method involves the attachment of Cp*Ru to preformed sandwich complexes. In these "anti"-bimetallic compounds, the metals are found to be bridged by a single carbocyclic ring. Examples include {(THF)Ca}(1,3,5-triphenylbenzene) and {(Ar)Sn}COT. Another family of sandwich compound involves
Sandwich compound
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habitats from woodlands to grasslands and roadsides. In the British Isles, it grows "in bare patches of thin, dry soil overlying hard igneous rock in open areas within wind-cut heath near the sea". "Tuberaria guttata" was first described by Carl Linnaeus as ""Cistus guttatus"" in his 1753 work "". It was transferred to the genus "Tuberaria" by Jules Pierre Fourreau in 1868. The Welsh populations were described as a separate species in 1844 by Jules Émile Planchon. He named the plants ""Helianthemum breweri"", after Samuel Brewer, who had discovered the population in 1726. This is now considered a synonym of
Tuberaria guttata
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Simpson in Europe and secure formal recognition by Great Britain and France. On March 17, 1843, King Louis-Philippe of France recognized Hawaiian independence at the urging of King Leopold I of Belgium, and on April 1, 1843, Lord Aberdeen on behalf of Queen Victoria, assured the Hawaiian delegation that: ""Her Majesty's Government was willing and had determined to recognize the independence of the Sandwich Islands under their present sovereign."" Simpson sired at least eleven children by at least seven women, only one of whom was his wife. While in London he produced two daughters by two unknown women. When he
George Simpson (HBC administrator)
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for one day before returning control to Mexico. Hearing that British Captain Lord George Paulet had seized the Hawaiian Kingdom, he sailed there and arrived July 22, 1843. The king was restored July 31, and Jones tried to hasten peace by hosting all parties to dinner aboard his ship. In 1843, Jones returned a young deserter, Herman Melville, to the United States from the Sandwich Islands, as the Hawaiian Islands were then known. Later, Melville modeled "Commodore J—" in "Moby-Dick", and the Commodore in "White-Jacket" after Jones. In 1827 "Peacock" under Jones's command had been severely damaged in an attack
Thomas ap Catesby Jones
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returning to London, on April 1, 1843, Lord Aberdeen, on behalf of Queen Victoria, assured the Hawaiian delegation, "Her Majesty's Government was willing and had determined to recognize the independence of the Sandwich Islands under their present sovereign." While the diplomatic party was away, a British naval captain Lord George Paulet, without the authorization of his superiors, unilaterally occupied the kingdom of Hawaii in the name Queen Victoria despite the protests of the Hawaiian government. After a five-month occupation, Rear-Admiral Richard Darton Thomas, the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Station, restored sovereignty to Kamehameha III. This event on July 31, 1843
Independence Day (Hawaii)
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whose real name is known; many combatants served under anglicized pseudonyms ("nome de guerre") because they were easier for English-speaking Americans to pronounce than Hawaiian names. They were often registered as "kanakas", the 19th-century term for Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, with the "Sandwich Islands" (i.e. Hawaii) noted as their place of origin. Serving in the same regiment was another Hawaiian soldier named Charles Heatley. Historian Ruthanne Lum McCunn noted, "The military records of Hawaii-born Prince Romerson reveal both his service the US and the diverse attitudes of officers toward people of color." Romerson was quickly promoted to sergeant on June
Prince Romerson
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Lord Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty. The objects acquired reflect the fact that the Hawaiians initially treated Cook as a god and presented him with high status goods such as feathered capes, hats, ornaments and images. As this was a point of first contact between Europeans and Hawaiians, a thriving trade developed, and a large number of artefacts, mostly those that were carried or worn, were brought back to England. Hawaiian collections from Cook's voyages show in particular the extent and variation of Hawaiian featherwork at the time. Cook's ships returned to Hawaii nearly a year later after exploring
James Cook Collection: Australian Museum
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twenty-second in a class of forty. During the two years at sea then required of a naval cadet that had passed his academic studies before commissioning as an ensign, Stirling was first assigned to the protected cruiser that he and four other cadets joined in the Sandwich Islands, (as the Territory of Hawaii was also known) in July 1892. Seeing these exotic islands that he had heard about in his father's stories, despite the tropical setting Stirling was somewhat disappointed to find no "truly Hawaiian villages" and that "Hawaiian life even then had merged into Western civilization or Oriental." Observing
Yates Stirling Jr.
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at Edinburgh University, who encouraged him to study medicine there. Having qualified as a surgeon, Menzies served as assistant to a doctor in Caernarvon, Wales, then joined the Royal Navy as assistant surgeon on . Present at Battle of the Saintes (12 April 1782), in peacetime Menzies served on Halifax Station in Nova Scotia. In 1786 Menzies was appointed surgeon on board the "Prince of Wales" (Captain James Colnett), on a fur-trading voyage round Cape Horn to the northern Pacific. This ship, in company of "Princess Royal" (Captain Duncan), visited North America, China and Hawaii (the Sandwich Isles) several times;
Archibald Menzies
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second survey there. Norwood was in England in 1667, probably only on a visit. He died at Bermuda in October 1675, aged about eighty-five, and was buried there. His published works are: In 1622 Norwood married, in London, Rachel, daughter of Francis Boughton of Sandwich, Kent. He had a son Matthew, who in 1672–4 commanded a ship carrying stores to Bermuda. Richard Norwood Richard Norwood (1590? – 1675) was an English mathematician, diver, and surveyor. He has been called "Bermuda’s outstanding genius of the seventeenth century". Born about 1590, he was in 1616 sent out by the Somers Isles Company
Richard Norwood
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Grindle Rock, Wilson Rock and Freezland Rock. Freezland Rock Freezland Rock () is a conspicuous sharp-pointed rock, high, located west of Bristol Island in the South Sandwich Islands. This feature was originally named "Freezland Peak"" by Captain Cook, after Samuel Freezland, the seaman who first sighted it and so discovered the South Sandwich group in 1775. Cook's chart, showing the feature as an insular rock, was verified in 1930 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the "Discovery II" and the terminology has been altered accordingly. Freezland Rock is the westernmost of a chain of rocks extending WSW from Turmoil Point, the
Freezland Rock
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Freezland Rock Freezland Rock () is a conspicuous sharp-pointed rock, high, located west of Bristol Island in the South Sandwich Islands. This feature was originally named "Freezland Peak"" by Captain Cook, after Samuel Freezland, the seaman who first sighted it and so discovered the South Sandwich group in 1775. Cook's chart, showing the feature as an insular rock, was verified in 1930 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the "Discovery II" and the terminology has been altered accordingly. Freezland Rock is the westernmost of a chain of rocks extending WSW from Turmoil Point, the westernmost point of Bristol Island. These are
Freezland Rock
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Talbot investigated an increase in ship traffic near Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo, and discovered that the French privateer "Sandwich" had taken refuge there. On 8 May the squadron captured the sloop "Sally", and Talbot hatched a plan to capture "Sandwich" by utilizing the familiarity of "Sally" to allow the Americans access to the harbor. First Lieutenant Isaac Hull led 90 sailors and Marines into Puerto Plata without challenge on 11 May, capturing "Sandwich" and spiking the guns of the nearby Spanish fort. However, it was later determined that "Sandwich" had been captured from a neutral port; she was returned to
USS Constitution
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Kanipahu Kanipahu was an ancient Hawaiian chief who ruled as the "Alii Aimoku" of Hawaii 1215–1245. He was of the Pili line of Hawaiian chiefs. Kanipahu was a son of Kaniuhu and Hiliamakani. After Kanipahu lived on Molokaʻi and it was discovered that he was a chief, he was taken (as husband) by Hualani, the ruling chiefess of Molokai. One of the neverforgotten fact of Kanipahuʻs descendants was this marriage. Hualani was the great-granddaughter of Nuakea, who was the granddaughter of Maweke. Beside Hualani, of Molakai and Oahu descent above mentioned, he also married his aunt Alaʻikauakoko, who at one
Kanipahu
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they had two children, the first of whom had been born in the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands), where they stopped on the way to Oregon. The second child, named Benjamin Stark Pettygrove, was the first boy of European descent born in Portland. Pettygrove was a member of the Pioneer Lyceum and Literary Club in Oregon City. In May 1850, he was the jury foreman in the Oregon City trial and subsequent hanging of five men from the Cayuse tribe of Native Americans who were accused of murder committed during the Cayuse War. Lovejoy and Pettygrove used a copper Matron Head
Francis Pettygrove
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Tony Atlas and Rocky Johnson. He portrayed an arrogant villain who angrily demanded respect, while engaging in disrespectful behaviour himself; in one match, he brought a submarine sandwich to the ring and ate it while dominating his outmatched opponent. Later, he would preface his matches by dedicating his impending finishing move, the piledriver, to either the heel commentator or whomever he was feuding with at the time. Audiences regularly mocked Muraco and his Hawaiian origins with derisive chants of "beach bum". On February 11, 1984, Muraco lost the Intercontinental title to Tito Santana. After a series of unsuccessful rematches, Muraco
Don Muraco
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Brigham Young to serve as a missionary for the church in the Sandwich Islands (later known as the Kingdom of Hawaii), where he served for four years. While in the islands, Cannon converted many Native Hawaiians. One of the most notable was Jonatana Napela, who assisted Cannon in translating the Book of Mormon into Hawaiian. Joseph F. Smith, a future church president, would follow Cannon and serve in Hawaii one year later. Returning to Utah Territory, Cannon married Elizabeth Hoagland (daughter of Abraham Hoagland and his wife.) He was almost immediately called to assist apostle Parley P. Pratt in publishing
George Q. Cannon
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the Bay Islands off Honduras, the Mosquito Coast and Greytown, and during his absence on that mission obtained the rank of assistant clerk at the Foreign Office on 7 December 1857. While with Ouseley, in 1859, he met Anthony Trollope, who describes Synge as 'a very prince of good fellows ... as pleasant a companion as a man would wish to meet', albeit perhaps disapproving of Synge's Tory politics. Synge returned to work in London on 28 February 1860. He was appointed commissioner and consul-general for the Sandwich Islands (nowadays the Hawaiian Islands) on 27 December 1861, and in that
William Synge
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like for civilians in Sitka under U.S. rule, and it helps to explain why hardly any of the Russian subjects wanted to stay there. Moreover, Ahllund's article is the only known description of the return voyage on the "Winged Arrow", a ship especially purchased in order to transport the Russians back to their native country. "The over-crowded vessel, with crewmen who got roaring drunk at every port, must have made the voyage a memorable one." Ahllund mentions stops at the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, Tahiti, Brazil, London, and finally Kronstadt, the port for St. Petersburg, where they arrived on August 28,
Alaska Purchase
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John Suter (1781-1852) in June 1820, who had instructions to try to sell it in the Kingdom of Hawaii, then known as the "Sandwich Islands". Just before landing the ship was cleaned up and painted. Suter had been to the Hawaiian Islands on several previous trips, and as he suspected, the day after he arrived on November 6, 1820 King Kamehameha II inspected the ship and was impressed. The ancient Hawaiians had keen interest in boats, and the young king knew his father Kamehameha the Great used Western military technology such as large armed ships to conquer the islands. On
Cleopatra's Barge
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government. Tsar Alexander approved the company efforts to develop commercial relations with the Kingdom, but again demurred from erecting a Russian protectorate over the Hawaiian islands, finding "the hope of the establishment of the Russians on one of the Sandwich Islands has very little foundation..." Schäffer affair The Schäffer affair was a controversial diplomatic incident caused by Georg Anton Schäffer, a German who attempted to seize the Kingdom of Hawaii for the Russian Empire. While on a trading expedition to the Kingdom, the Russian-American Company (RAC) vessel "Bering" ran aground during a storm at Waimea on Kauai in January 1815.
Schäffer affair
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Greenhithe from between April 1819 and 1824, when she was completed and fitted for service at Woolwich. She cost a total of £38,266 to build, with a further £15,241 spent on fitting out. Lord Byron (the 7th Baron, cousin of the famous poet George Gordon Byron) commanded her on an important voyage in 1824. "Blonde" departed Woolwich, England on 8 September 1824 with the bodies of King Kamehameha II and Queen Kamāmalu of the Kingdom of Hawaii who had died while trying to visit King George IV. The Hawaiian Islands had been named the "Sandwich Islands" in honor of John
HMS Blonde (1819)
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he married Fidelia Church. In December 1834 they left on the merchant ship "Hellespont", part of the seventh company from the American Board to the Hawaiian Islands, then known as the "Sandwich Islands", arriving on June 6, 1835. Their son Titus Munson Coan, born in 1836, became a physician who served in the American Civil War and died in 1921. Daughter Harriet Fidelia was born in 1839 and died in 1906. Daughter Sarah Eliza was born in 1843 and died in 1916. Son Samuel Latimer Coan was born 1846 and died in 1887. The mother Fidelia died in September 1872.
Titus Coan
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II and Queen Kamāmalu to the Hawaiian Islands (known by the British as "Sandwich Islands"). Both the king and the queen had died from measles during a visit to England. Robert Dampier spent 11 weeks in Hawaii painting portraits in oil paint and making pencil drawings of landscapes. After returning to England, he studied law at Cambridge University and was then ordained in the Church of England. He married Sophia Francis Roberts in 1828. In 1837, he became rector of Langton Matravers church. Around 1843, the couple had a daughter who was named Juliana Sophia. Robert Dampier was widowed in
Robert Dampier
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in Dublin 25 February 1862. Mackay discovered several species of plants new to the British Isles, and contributed largely to Sir J. E. Smith's "English Botany" (1790-1814). His herbarium is preserved at Trinity College Dublin. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to perpetuate his name, which is now borne by a genus of seaweeds, "Mackaya", so named by Dr. Harvey, and by a species of heather, "Erica mackayana". James Townsend Mackay James Townsend Mackay (1775–1862) was a Scottish botanist who lived in Ireland. He was born in Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, about 1775. After being educated at the parish school he was trained
James Townsend Mackay