where is sugar cane grown in the united states
South Texas Florida Louisiana
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growing regions, such as Mauritius, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Ecuador, Cuba, El Salvador, Jamaica, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Australia and Hawaii, sugarcane crops can produce over 15 kg/m of cane. Once a major crop of the southeastern region of the United States, sugarcane cultivation has declined there in recent decades, and is now primarily confined to Florida, Louisiana, and South Texas. Sugarcane is cultivated in the tropics and subtropics in areas with a plentiful supply of water for a continuous period of more than six to seven months each year, either from natural
Sugarcane
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three to four times faster to pick.The cotton trade, excluding financing, transport and marketing, was 6 percent or less of national income in the 1830s. Cotton became the United States' largest export. Sugar cane was being grown in Louisiana, where it was refined into granular sugar. Growing and refining sugar required a large amount of capital. Some of the nation's wealthiest people owned sugar plantations, which often had their own sugar mills. Southern plantations, which grew cotton, sugar cane and tobacco, used African slave labor. Per capita food production did not keep pace with the rapidly expanding urban population and
Economic history of the United States
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1820–23 and again from 1840–43. Sugar cane was being grown in Louisiana, where it was refined into granular sugar. Growing and refining sugar required a large amount of capital. Some of the nation's wealthiest men owned sugar plantations, which often had their own sugar mills. In New England, subsistence agriculture gave way after 1810 to production to provide food supplies for the rapidly growing industrial towns and cities. New specialty export crops were introducued such as tobacco and cranberries. The first major movement west of the Appalachian mountains began in Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina as soon as the Revolutionary
History of agriculture in the United States
16351970
Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida is a vertically integrated agricultural enterprise that harvests, transports and processes sugarcane grown primarily in Palm Beach County, Florida and markets the raw sugar and blackstrap molasses through the Florida Sugar and Molasses Exchange. The Cooperative is made up of 45 grower-owners who produce sugarcane on approximately 70,000 acres of some of the most fertile farmland in America, located in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Sugarcane grown by Cooperative members is harvested, transported and processed. The raw sugar is then marketed to one of the ASR Group's sugar
Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida
16351973
increasingly complex global business. In 2005, California and Hawaiian Sugar Company was acquired by American Sugar Refining (ASR, better known as Domino Sugar), a company owned by Florida Crystals and the Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida. Florida Crystals is a privately held company that is part of FLO-SUN, a sugar empire of the Fanjul family whose origins trace to Spanish-Cuban sugar plantations of the early 19th century. Once formed, the Cooperative's immediate need was to build a state-of-the-art processing facility and agricultural equipment to harvest the sugar cane grown by its members. The member-growers were assessed 30 cents per
Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida
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began the cultivation of sugar cane. By the 1830s, his plantation had grown to 10,000 acres and was the leading sugar producer in the world. Valcour Aime kept a plantation diary from 1823 to 1854 documenting temperature, farming techniques, and various experiments with new varieties of cane and equipment. He is credited with perfecting the vacuum-pan method and was one of the only planters who refined sugar directly from cane juice on site. His innovative technique gave him a competitive edge, made him the richest man in Louisiana, and earned him the title "father of white sugar." His sugar was
Valcour Aime
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Lyle. The company is also the majority shareholder of Belize Sugar Industries, the only sugar mill in Belize. American Sugar Refining is owned by Florida Crystals Corporation (based in West Palm Beach) and the Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida (Belle Glade, Florida). American Sugar Refining's main competitor in the United States for refined cane sugar is Imperial Sugar. American Sugar Refining now produces and sells Lyle's Golden Syrup, a brand of golden syrup. According to a news report, the Guinness Book of Records has concluded that the design of the Lyle's Golden Syrup tin, which has remained almost unchanged
American Sugar Refining
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U.S. Sugar U.S. Sugar Corporation, is a privately owned agricultural business based in Clewiston, Florida. The company farms over 230,000 acres of land in the counties of Hendry, Glades and Palm Beach. It is the largest producer of sugar cane in the United States by volume, producing over 700,000 tonnes per year. The company is also a large producer of refined sugar, sweet corn and oranges. U.S. Sugar is considered in South Florida along with Florida Crystals and the 54-member Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida as Big Sugar. The company is one of the largest job providers in the
U.S. Sugar
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Miracle Village, a small community of sex offenders, located in the middle of sugar cane fields near rural Pahokee, Florida. The isolated community, which though small is the largest such community in the United States, formerly housed sugar cane workers, now replaced by machines. It was chosen because of its isolation, because laws in Florida, which takes pride in being the harshest state for sex offenders, restrict, sometimes severely, where they can live. (See Julia Tuttle Causeway sex offender colony.) There are six actors; all play more than one character. All are based on real residents of Miracle Village, although
America Is Hard to See (play)
16351972
chartered Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida. In the years since then, the Cooperative has grown in scale and scope and is now a vertically integrated operation involved in the farming, processing, marketing, refining and distribution of cane sugar. Collectively, the farmers of the Cooperative have all of the resources, technical and regulatory support, marketing and legal resources, usually afforded to only the largest farming operations. The Cooperative makes it possible for these family farmers to stay abreast of the most recent technological advancements in science to protect and preserve the environment and provide economic stability and viability in an
Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida
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Alma, Louisiana Alma was the name of a community located in southeastern Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States. The community was located east of Lakeland. The area is currently home to Pointe Coupee Parish's only operating sugar mill, Alma Plantation. Alma is one of only 11 sugar mills still operating in the state of Louisiana. It produces raw sugar and blackstrap molasses. During the harvesting of sugar cane, known locally as "the grinding season", Alma Plantation becomes one of the area's largest employers. Sugar cane is brought to this mill for processing from a number of surrounding parishes. The community
Alma, Louisiana
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become the largest sugar refinery in the United States fed by his 12 sugar cane plantations across southeast Louisiana. He achieved business success in his home state, for with "a first class crop and many outside offerings, there is no doubt that Raceland refinery will beat the record this season, thus placing Leon Godchaux at the head of the list of sugar producers of this State and give to him the title" 'the Sugar King of Louisiana.' At his death in 1899, he owned 30,000 acres of sugar cane fields which producing 27 million pounds of refined white sugar. He
Leon Godchaux
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Norco, Louisiana Norco is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,579 at the 2000 census. The community is home to a major Shell petroleum refinery. The CDP's name is derived from the New Orleans Refining Company. By the late 18th century, French and European colonial settlers had established numerous sugar cane plantations. They imported enslaved Africans as laborers. As sugar cane cultivation was highly labor-intensive, the slave population greatly outnumbered the ethnic Europeans in the colony, a circumstance that continued after the Louisiana Purchase by the United States in 1803. On 8
Norco, Louisiana
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about 280 tonnes per hectare per year, and small experimental plots in Brazil have demonstrated yields of 236–280 tonnes of cane per hectare. Other promising regions for high-yield sugarcane production are in sun-drenched, irrigated farms of northern Africa, and other deserts with plentiful water from nearby rivers or irrigation canals. In the United States, sugarcane is grown commercially in Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana and Texas. Ethanol is generally available as a byproduct of sugar production. It can be used as a biofuel alternative to gasoline, and is widely used in cars in Brazil. It is an alternative to gasoline, and may
Sugarcane
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world production of sugar exceeds 120 million tons annually with per capita consumption by Americans of 67 pounds per year. More than half of the United States' supply of cane sugar is produced in Florida. One of the by-products of sugarcane processing is blackstrap molasses, which is sold primarily as livestock feed. The Cooperative produces 16 million gallons of blackstrap molasses annually. The molasses is then marketed through a non-profit trade association, which was formed in 1969 when the local market could no longer absorb the high quantities of molasses being produced. Today all raw sugar producers in Florida belong
Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida
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he converted his fields to sugar cane. He set up a sugar mill on the plantation to process the sugar. In 1795, following the instructions of two Cubans, Mendez and Lopez, he produced the first granulated sugar known in the colony. Although granulated sugar had been known for centuries in the Old World, granulation in Louisiana created a huge demand for the cultivation and processing of sugar cane. Responding to the worldwide demand for sugar, it became the colony's primary commodity crop. Under Spanish rule, Louisiana began to generate profits. After the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase territory, the
Étienne de Boré
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is one of the most efficient photosynthesizers in the plant kingdom, able to convert up to 2% of incident solar energy into biomass. Ethanol is produced by yeast fermentation of the sugar extracted from sugar cane. Sugarcane production in the United States occurs in Florida, Louisiana, Hawaii, and Texas. In prime growing regions, such as Hawaii, sugarcane can produce 20 kg for each square meter exposed to the sun. The first three plants to produce sugar cane-based ethanol are expected to go online in Louisiana by mid 2009. Sugar mill plants in Lacassine, St. James and Bunkie were converted to
Ethanol fuel by country
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companies in Jamaica and Mexico. Patout saw the following changes occur in the sugar industry since 1956: Patout argued that biomass, bioplastic, renewable energy and cellulose ethanol could boost the U.S. sugar industry. M. A. Patout & Sons, Ltd. is the 18th oldest family-owned company in the United States, incorporated in 1910. It began when Simeon Patout moved his family from France, where he ran a winery, to Isle Picante in Louisiana in the late 1820s. He began growing sugar cane and built a sugar mill. The area was renamed Patoutville. When Simeon died of yellow fever in 1847, his
William S. Patout III
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of the top ten largest sugar producers in the world. Sugar is the second largest crop in Mexico (after corn). Sugar crops span 1.6 million acres throughout 12 Mexican states and employ 2.5 million of Mexico’s people. Sugarcane crops were brought to the United States borders in 1619 in Jamestown, Virginia. During the mid eighteen hundreds the United States began to import half of their sugar from Cuba, while the other half was grown locally in Louisiana through America’s Haitian slave population. The United States is the fifth largest sugar producer and also the fifth largest sugar consumer. In 2008
Mexico–United States sugarcane trade dispute
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internment camps who were familiar with sugar beet production to work on the farms. Sugar beets are grown in 11 states and represent 55% of the US sugar production as compared to sugar cane which is grown in 4 states and accounts for 45% of US sugar production. Sugar beets were not grown on a large scale in the United Kingdom until the mid-1920s, when 17 processing factories were built, following war-time shortages of imported cane sugar. Before World War I, with its far-flung empire, the United Kingdom simply imported the sugar from the cheapest market. However, World War I
Sugar beet
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Sucrose Sucrose is common table sugar. It is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined. It has the formula CHO. For human consumption, sucrose is extracted, and refined, from either sugar cane or sugar beet. Sugar mills are located where sugar cane is grown to crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped around the world for refining into pure sucrose. Some sugar mills also process the raw sugar into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in colder climates where the
Sucrose
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with large national infrastructure that produces ethanol from domestically grown sugar cane. Sugar cane not only has a greater concentration of sucrose than corn (by about 30%), but is also much easier to extract. The bagasse generated by the process is not wasted, but is used in power plants to produce electricity. In the United States, the ethanol fuel industry is based largely on corn. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, as of 30 October 2007, 131 grain ethanol bio-refineries in the United States have the capacity to produce of ethanol per year. An additional 72 construction projects underway (in
Ethanol
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Casa-grande The casa-grande (Portuguese and Spanish: "big house") was the Brazilian equivalent of a Southern plantation in the United States. These casas-grandes were predominantly located in the northeast of Brazil (areas such as present day Bahia and Pernambuco). Additionally, sugar cane was grown in the interior, in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The casa-grande was made up of three main components: the Big House, the "senzala" (slave quarters), and the "engenho" (sugar cane mill). The master of sugar production was called the "senhor de engenho" ("master of the sugar works"). His word was final, and he
Casa-grande
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Cane Belt on July 1, 1905. Several events caused the downfall of the local sugarcane business. Sugarcane required an enormous amount of manual labor to cut and load into wagons. Since the local population could not meet the demand for workers, the planters leased convicts from the Texas penitentiary system. In 1898 about 700 prisoners were harvesting sugarcane. Mutinies among the convict crews occurred because of the harsh conditions in the cane fields. Molasses imported from abroad and sugar beets grown in the United States proved to be cheaper to convert into sugar. In 1910 the Texas legislature passed a
Cane Belt Railroad
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experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of the Mooloolah growers, established a mill in order to process his own cane and that of neighbouring farms. In 1881 the Buderim Mountain Sugar Mill was established and also served
Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway
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1788 but subsequent plantings at Sydney, Port Macquarie and Norfolk Island failed to be commercially viable. Captain Louis Hope grew a cane crop successfully in Queensland in 1862. By 1864 the first commercial sugar mill in Australia had been established by him at Ormiston and interest in growing sugar cane spread rapidly. By the end of the decade cane was being cultivated further north at Maryborough, Mackay and Bundaberg, where the warmer climate proved more suitable for cane growing. In 1862 John Buhot, originally from Barbados, in the West Indies, experimentally produced sugar granules from cane grown in the Brisbane
Central Sugar Mill Ruins
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Sugarcane juice Sugarcane juice is the liquid extracted from pressed sugarcane. "Juice" is misleading as this is not a fruit or vegetable juice. It is consumed as a beverage in many places, especially where sugarcane is commercially grown such as Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Egypt, and Latin America. Evaporated cane juice, as an ingredient in prepared food, is a misleading way of saying "sugar". Sugarcane juice is obtained by crushing peeled sugar cane in a mill and is one of the main precursors of rum. Raw sugar cane juice can be a health risk to drinkers due to the
Sugarcane juice
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and by the end of the decade, cane had also been successfully established further north at Maryborough, Mackay and Bundaberg, where the warmer climate proved more suitable. William Clark had experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of
Moreton Central Sugar Mill
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slave-grown cane sugar. In 1832, the family – including eight children and their father's sister Mary – emigrated to the United States. The family settled first in New York, where Blackwell's father established a sugar refinery and the ninth child was born, and then just outside New York in Jersey City. Blackwell's father took an interest in the nascent abolition movement. William Lloyd Garrison and other leaders of the movement were visitors in the family's home. Blackwell's eldest sister, Anna, participated in the emerging agitation for women's rights, attending the 1837 Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women and drafting its letter
Henry Browne Blackwell
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and East Africa and Natal. Thus the modern ethnic mix of many nations that have been settled in the last two centuries has been influenced by the demand for sugar. Sugar also led to some industrialization of areas where sugar cane was grown. For example, in the 1790s Lieutenant J. Paterson, of the Bengal establishment, promoted to the British Government the idea that sugar cane could grow in British India, where it had started, with many advantages and at less expense than in the West Indies. As a result, sugar factories were established in Bihar in eastern India. During the
Sugar
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merging it with its other sugar operations. C&H revenues and profits continued to decline into the 21st Century. The C&H brand is one of the leading sugar brands in the company's markets (where it is not the de facto leader), largely due to advertisements stressing their exclusive use of cane sugar, believed by some to be superior to sugar from the sugar beet. C&H sells a variety of cane sugar products, including white granulated, brown, baker's (superfine), powdered and organic. C&H's primary market is west of the Mississippi River in the United States, although some sugar is sold in various
California and Hawaiian Sugar Company
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Brazilian settlement colony, located on the island Sao Vincente. As the Portuguese and Spanish maintained a strong colonial presence in the Caribbean, the Iberian Peninsula amassed tremendous wealth from the cultivation of this cash crop. Other imperial states observed the economic boom catalyzed by the plantation system and began colonizing the remaining American territories, hoping to capitalize on the lucrative cultivation and trade of natural resources. Sugar was the most important crop throughout the Caribbean, although other crops such as coffee, indigo, and rice were also grown. Sugar cane was best grown on relatively flat land near coastal waters, where
Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
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Sugar plantations in Hawaii Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaii by its first inhabitants and was observed by Captain Hegwood upon arrival in the islands in 1841 Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a century. The sugar grown and processed in Hawaii was shipped primarily to the United States and, in smaller quantities, globally. Sugar Cane and Pineapple plantations were the largest employers in Hawaii. Today both are gone with production having moved to other countries. Industrial sugar production started slowly in Hawaii. The
Sugar plantations in Hawaii
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where the warmer climate proved more suitable. William Clark had experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of the Mooloolah growers, established a mill in order to process his own cane and that of neighbouring farms. In 1881
Tramway Lift Bridge over Maroochy River
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hundred or more acres. Plantation A plantation is the large-scale estate meant for farming that specializes in cash crops. The crops that are grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located. A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural
Plantation
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Plantation A plantation is the large-scale estate meant for farming that specializes in cash crops. The crops that are grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, rubber trees, and fruits. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations were located. A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, partially due
Plantation
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the previous decade. Tully is one of the larger towns of the Cassowary Coast Region. The economic base of the region is agriculture; sugar cane and banana being the dominant crops grown. The sugar cane grown at the many farms in the district is processed locally at the Tully Sugar Mill to give raw sugar which is shipped elsewhere for refinement. The Tully River area was slowly settled once Cardwell, to the south, was established. The river was renamed in 1872 in honour of William Alcock Tully, then under-secretary for public lands and chief commissioner of crown lands in Queensland.
Tully, Queensland
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there may be a positive net energy return at the moment, recent research suggests that the sugarcane plantations are not sustainable in the long run, as they are depleting the soil of nutrients and carbon matter On the other hand, productivity of sugar cane per land area in Brazil has consistently grown over the decades; sugar cane has been shown to be less depleting to the soil than cattle and yearly cultures; and there are many regions in the country where sugar cane has been cultivated for centuries. Those facts suggest that related soil depletion processes are very slow and
Ethanol fuel energy balance
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of pan-fried pork are collected and saved, used for making gravy and in greasing cast-iron cookware. (Note that Appalachia is overwhelmingly Protestant, the Catholic prohibition on meat-eating during Lent had no impact on Appalachian cuisine.) Chicken and dumplings and fried chicken remain much-loved dishes. Cornbread, corn pone, hominy grits, mush, cornbread pudding and hominy stew are also quite common foods, as corn is the primary grain grown in the Appalachian hills and mountains, but are less common than in the past. In contrast to the lowlands, where sugar cane molasses was the usual sweetener, Appalachia mainly used sorghum and honey.
Cuisine of the Southern United States
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by one of those countries instead of the United States. Although Kalākaua was loath to give any foreign country land in Hawaii, he signed the treaty in September 1887. The Oahu Sugar Company (also known as the Oahu Sugar Cane Plantation) leased about from the John Papa ʻĪʻī estate (after their purchase of the island in 1891) to harvest sugar in 1899. The business was successful, and the company sublet land from Benjamin Dillingham on the Waipi'o peninsula (southeast of present Waipio) to build a 12-roller mill and railroad. Sugarcane was grown and harvested on Ford Island with a network
Ford Island
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the American colonies from that in the Caribbean. Often Caribbean slaves were worked literally to death on large sugar and rice plantations, while the American slave population had a higher life expectancy and was maintained through natural reproduction. This natural reproduction was important for the continuation of slavery after the prohibition on slave importation after about 1780. Much of the slave trade was conducted as part of the "triangular trade", a three-way exchange of slaves, rum, and sugar. Northern shippers purchased slaves using rum, made in New England from cane sugar, which was in turn grown in the Caribbean. This
History of the Southern United States
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sugarcane. A rum's quality is dependent on the quality and variety of the sugar cane that was used to create it. The sugar cane's quality depends on the soil type and climate that it was grown in. Within the Caribbean, much of this molasses is from Brazil. A notable exception is the French-speaking islands, where sugarcane juice is the preferred base ingredient. In Brazil itself, the distilled alcoholic drink derived from cane juice is distinguished from rum and called "cachaça". Yeast and water are added to the base ingredient to start the fermentation process. While some rum producers allow wild
Rum
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named Louise. Then they bought the estate, flourishing with sugar cane, and had a daughter Fanny. Dillon became a deputy, and his daughter was presented by her cousin Josephine to Napoleon. She married General Bertrand, and they both accompanied Napoleon into exile on Elba and St Helena. On returning to the Dillon Plantation, she campaigned against slavery. There are ten varieties of sugar cane used by Dillon. The cane is grown for two years and when harvested the sugar is extracted over a period of 2 to 3 days. Speed is essential. The saying goes "the cane should have its
Distillerie Dillon
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in domestic sugar production. Studies have concluded the sugar from glyphosate-resistant sugar beets has the same nutritional value as sugar from conventional (non-GMO) sugar beets. More than 1 million acres of sugar beets are cultivated annually in the United States, with a market value at harvest exceeding $1 billion. GM sugar beets are grown by more than 95 percent of the nation's sugar beet farmers. The United States imports 30% of its sugar, while the remaining 70% is extracted from domestically grown sugar beets and sugarcane. Of the domestically grown sugar crops, over half of the extracted sugar is derived
Genetically modified sugar beet
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been made where the sugar cane plant was domesticated. Sugar cane probably originated in Papua New Guinea, and from there was taken to Southeast Asia and other Pacific Islands, and ultimately to India and China. From India, sugar spread to the Arab states and eventually to Europe. Sugar candy is often used to sweeten tea. Northern Germany, specifically East Frisia, has an established tea culture, where a large crystal of sugar candy "(Kandiszucker" or in the regional dialect "Kluntje)" is placed at the bottom of the cup and the hot tea added, which cracks and dissolves the crystal. Similarly in
Sugar candy
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current biotechnology research, genetic improvement, and better agronomic practices, thus contributing to reduce land demand for future sugarcane cultures. This trend is demonstrated by the increases in agricultural production that took place in São Paulo state between 1990 and 2004, where coffee, orange, sugarcane and other food crops were grown in an almost constant area. Also regarding the potential negative impacts of land use changes on carbon emissions, a study commissioned by the Dutch government concluded that ""it is very difficult to determine the indirect effects of further land use for sugar cane production (i.e. sugar cane replacing another crop
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
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and refining cane sugar and exporting it to the United States, the United Kingdom and France. The sugar cane plantation they built virtually became a company town, and eventually had its own rail line, workers' housing, transportation fleet, commissary, and private—later public—airport (Ponce's Mercedita Airport). Most of these operations were eventually annexed to the municipality of Ponce, in whose lands the plantation is based. Sugar cane molasses imported from the Dominican Republic is still transformed into rum to this day at the same Serralles distilling facility that has been used for over a century. In 1865, the family opened a
Destilería Serrallés
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temporary basis. Illovo Sugar's subsidiary Zambia Sugar is listed on the Lusaka Stock Exchange, under the symbol ZSUG. In addition, its Malawian subsidiary Illovo Sugar Malawi is listed on the Malawi Stock Exchange, under the symbol ILLOVO. Subsidiaries of Illovo include: Illovo Sugar Illovo Sugar Limited based in Umhlanga, Durban, South Africa is Africa’s largest sugar producer. The group produces raw and refined sugar for local, regional African, European Union (EU), United States and world markets from sugar cane supplied by its own agricultural operations and independent growers who supply cane to Illovo’s factories. It is a subsidiary of Associated
Illovo Sugar
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therefore ethanol from sugar cane may be far more sustainable in the long run than common fossil fuel alternatives. Besides, since the energy surplus is high in the case of sugar cane ethanol, conceivably part of that energy can be used to synthesize fertilizers and replenish soil depletion a long time, therefore making the process indefinitely sustainable. The picture is different for other regions, such as most of the United States, where the climate is too cool for sugarcane. In the U.S., agricultural ethanol is generally obtained from grain, chiefly corn. But it can also be obtained from cellulose, a
Ethanol fuel energy balance
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Ain't No More Cane "Ain't No More Cane on This Brazos" is a traditional prison work song of the Southern United States. The title refers to work assigned to prisoners sentenced to hard labor in Texas. The labor involved cutting sugar cane along the banks of the Brazos River, where were located in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It has been recorded by Alan Lomax on his 1958 recording "Texas Folk Songs Sung by Alan Lomax" as "Ain't No More Cane on This Brazis", Odetta, Lonnie Donegan, the Limeliters on their album "14 14K Folksongs" (1963), Son Volt
Ain't No More Cane
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foreign trade, and slaves were brought from Africa to work on the sugar cane plantations. The islands prospered economically until the middle of the nineteenth century, when a combination of the abolition of slavery in the territory, a series of disastrous hurricanes, and the growth in the sugar beet crop in Europe and the United States significantly reduced sugar cane production and led to a period of economic decline. In 1917, the United States purchased St. John, St. Thomas, and St. Croix from Denmark for US$25 million, renaming them the United States Virgin Islands. The British Virgin Islands were administered
British Virgin Islands
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Australian sugar industry comprised mainly small cane farms located along the continent's tropical and sub-tropical Queensland and New South Wales coastline. The 5.5 million tonne cane crop, almost entirely grown in Queensland, was crushed by 34 raw sugar mills, most of which were owned co-operatively by growers. The highly regulated sugar industry was still recovering from material and labour shortages caused by World War II and was endeavouring to reassert its position in the world marketplace as a steady, consistent supplier of raw sugar. To achieve this goal, the industry's leaders determined they would have to expand cane production and
Sugar Research Institute
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Company of Dublin, Texas refused to switch sweeteners, and it remained one of few bottlers in the United States to continue using cane sugar year round. Though the Dublin plant is not the only Dr Pepper bottler to have used cane sugar instead of HFCS as a sweetener, the Dublin plant was the most well-known plant to not make the change. Dr Pepper containing cane sugar carried the Imperial Sugar logo and thus the variant became popularly known as "Dublin" Dr Pepper. In addition to Dr Pepper products, the Dublin plant also produced Sun Crest Orange, Triple XXX, and NuGrape
Dublin Dr Pepper
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Illovo Sugar Illovo Sugar Limited based in Umhlanga, Durban, South Africa is Africa’s largest sugar producer. The group produces raw and refined sugar for local, regional African, European Union (EU), United States and world markets from sugar cane supplied by its own agricultural operations and independent growers who supply cane to Illovo’s factories. It is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods Plc., which purchased 51% of the issued share capital which for more than £400m in 2006. In 2016 ABF bought the remaining 49% of the share capital. Illovo employs more than 12,000 permanent staff and 18,000 more on a
Illovo Sugar
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of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Wheat, rice, maize, barley, and pulses are the major food crops. Recently farmers have started menthol mint farming in the district, as being the Terai region it is ideal for mint cultivation. Sugar-cane and oilseeds are the chief non-food crops. Sugar-cane is grown and processed in this district, forming the backbone of the local economy. Some of India's second largest sugar mills are in the district. Bajaj Hindusthan Limited (BHL) sugar plant in Gola Gokarannath and Bajaj Hindusthan Limited (BHL) sugar plant
Lakhimpur Kheri district
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The surrounding areas of Labasa are mostly farming areas, which contribute to much of the industry in the town. The largest crop grown is sugar cane. The large Fiji Sugar Corporation sugar mill in Labasa town is the only such mill on the island. Recently, due to political changes and loss of overseas markets, sugar cane farming and production has been steadily decreasing. This has been reflected in the increasing migration of people to the main island of Viti Levu, in search of employment opportunities. Labasa Hospital is the referral center for all health centers and hospital on the island
Labasa
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made directly from sugar cane juice rather than the sugar cane by-product molasses. This is similar to the rhum agricole of Martinique, which is strictly controlled by law. Fermenting fresh sugar cane juice provides a more flavorful product. Barbancourt's products are highly regarded and have won many tastings and competitions, and have won excellent reviews from rum connoisseurs. Available in the United States, its Estate Réserve is aged for 15 years. Within the Caribbean region, the original Réserve du Domaine is also aged 15 years, and each bottle previously had a unique serial number—however the labels have changed recently and
Rhum Barbancourt
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and operated as the Vancouver-Fiji Sugar Company. It still failed to make any profit and was closed in 1923. The Nausori Mill was shut down in 1959 because of low sugar content in the cane supplied to it. When sugar mills were being set up in Fiji in the 1870s and 1880s it was hoped that Fijians would be the major supplier of cane. Initially cane was grown by Fijians as a tax crop. Each province was assessed for tax and if the value of the crop handed to the Government exceeded the assessment, a refund was paid to the
Colonial Sugar Refining Company (Fiji)
605100
of the remaining sugar beet land for grain production. This resulted in a shortage that revived the shrinking cane sugar industry. The first attempts at sugar beet cultivation were pursued by abolitionists in New England. The "Beet Sugar Society of Philadelphia" was founded in 1836 and promoted home-produced beet sugar as an alternative to the slave-produced cane sugar from the West Indies or sugar imported from Asia (called "free sugar" because it was grown without using slavery), but which tasted "awful". However, this movement failed, perhaps most due to the unpopularity of abolitionists at the time, at least until the
Sugar beet
13141719
Cane mess them when Sugar Cane is harvested. Mobile phone network coverage is provided by Zain, Yu and Safaricom that have base stations in Nambacha and Muhuni. Burundu Burundu is a rural village in Kakamega County of the former Western Province in Kenya. It is part of the West Kabras ward of Malava Constituency and Kakamega County Council. The people of Burundu are the Kabras, a subgroup of the Luhya. The main economic activity is Sugar Cane farming as a cash crop. Maize and sweet potatoes are grown for subsistence use. Cattle, sheep, goats, chicken and ducks are all reared
Burundu
7925141
major retailer of mate in San Luis Obispo, California, by 2004, mate had grown to about 5% of the overall natural tea market in North America. Loose mate is commercially available in much of North America. Bottled mate is increasingly available in the United States. Canadian bottlers have introduced a cane sugar-sweetened, carbonated variety, similar to soda pop. One brand, Sol Mate, produces 10-ounce glass bottles available at Canadian and U.S. retailers, making use of the translingual pun (English 'soul mate'; Spanish/Portuguese 'sun mate') for the sake of marketing. Mate (drink) Mate (, ; sometimes spelled maté in English though
Mate (drink)
14805431
levels similar to other soft drinks sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup. Most of the Mexican Coke exported to the United States is made with cane sugar, while some Mexican bottlers may use high-fructose corn syrup for drinks intended for sale in Mexico. Therefore, while most of the Coca-Cola labeled "Mexican" in the United States is made with cane sugar, this is not true of all Coca-Cola sold in Mexico. Coca-Cola opened its first bottling franchise in Mexico in the 1920s with Grupo Tampico, and then Grupo ARMA. Monterrey-based FEMSA is currently the largest Coca-Cola bottler in Mexico, along with most
Mexican Coke
18244844
Non-centrifugal cane sugar Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is the technical name given to traditional raw sugar obtained by evaporating water from sugarcane juice. NCS is internationally recognized as a discrete and unique product by the FAO since 1964 and by the World Customs Organization (WCO) since 2007. WCO defines NCS as "cane sugar obtained without centrifugation". It also states that "the product contains only natural anhedral microcrystals, of irregular shape, not visible to the naked eye, which are surrounded by residues of molasses and other constituents of sugar cane". NCS is produced in most sugarcane growing regions of the world,
Non-centrifugal cane sugar
17543858
by "Impact" magazine. Kraken Rum Kraken Black Spiced Rum is a Caribbean black spiced rum. It is distributed in the United States by Proximo Spirits, and named after the kraken, a mythical giant squid-like sea monster. Kraken Rum was introduced in 2010. The base rum is from Trinidad, distilled from naturally sweet molasses made from locally-grown sugar cane. The rum is aged 1–2 years and then blended with a mix of 11 spices, including cinnamon, ginger and clove. The liquid is black, revealing hints of brown when held up to the light. The bottle is styled after a Victorian rum
Kraken Rum
17543855
Kraken Rum Kraken Black Spiced Rum is a Caribbean black spiced rum. It is distributed in the United States by Proximo Spirits, and named after the kraken, a mythical giant squid-like sea monster. Kraken Rum was introduced in 2010. The base rum is from Trinidad, distilled from naturally sweet molasses made from locally-grown sugar cane. The rum is aged 1–2 years and then blended with a mix of 11 spices, including cinnamon, ginger and clove. The liquid is black, revealing hints of brown when held up to the light. The bottle is styled after a Victorian rum bottle, with two
Kraken Rum
15673718
copulation. African sugar-cane borer males secrete pheromones by wing glands and abdominal hair-pencils to attract females. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC) analysis showed one major volatile component. This compound was identified to be trans-3-methyl-4-dimethylallyl-𝛾-lactone (CHO). The African sugar-cane borer larvae enter mature target plants through cracks or openings in the stalk. They have been found to survive crop burnings while bored into the base of the plant and will later emerge as soon as new, young plant shoots appear. Infestations of "E.saccharina" are more commonly found in intensively grown sugarcane than in peasant-grown fields. This is due to higher levels
Eldana
2593728
human inhabitants of the island, and started the cultivation of sugar cane from 1903. Until World War II, Kitadaitōjima was owned in its entirety by Dai Nippon Sugar (now Dai Nippon Meiji Sugar), which also operated mines for the extraction of guano for use in fertilizer. After World War II, the island was occupied by the United States. The village of Kitadaitō was established in 1946. The island was returned to Japan in 1972. Formerly heavily dependent on phosphate mining, the village economy is now based on cultivation of sugar cane, commercial fishing, and seasonal tourism. There is no port
Kitadaitō, Okinawa
18919271
was cultivating principally maize and sugar cane, with some coffee. By the mid-1870s, sugar cane was grown extensively on Buderim Mountain, with planters utilising South Sea Islander labour. In 1875, JC Dixon and his father-in-law John Fielding went into partnership to established the mountain's first sugar mill, which was erected on part of portion 47 (Mill Road is indicative of the site). Fielding and Dixon purchased an evaporating-pan sugar plant from Fountains of Burpengary, who had imported it from Scotland. The site was surveyed and burnt off in late 1875, the sheds and chimney were erected through early and mid-1876,
Canambie Homestead
1757925
prices in the continental United States. On January 18, 2012, the company announced that the HOVENSA refinery would be permanently shut down. This was expected to have a major adverse effect on the economy of Saint Croix and the entire U.S. Virgin Islands, as the refinery employed 1,200 residents and 950 contractors. Saint Croix is also home to the Cruzan Rum Distillery, makers of Cruzan Rum, a brand of Beam Suntory, Inc. The Cruzan Rum Distillery was founded in 1760 as Estate Diamond, and for many years used locally grown sugar cane to produce a single "dark" style rum. The
Saint Croix
8582435
and the oil from the whales' blubber rendered in the old kettles. The remains of the sugar mill include the ruins of coquina block and brick structures, and an assortment of sugar processing equipment including the gear mechanisms of the rolling sugar cane press, the iron boiling kettles, and the steam furnace and piston mechanisms used in operating the cane press. This assembly is one of the earliest extant examples in the United States of the machinery required to produce sugar, molasses, and rum. In 1948, Dr. Perry Sperber, a dermatologist practicing in Daytona Beach, leased the Dunlawton plantation property
Dunlawton Plantation and Sugar Mill
14159276
which is exported to the United States, still has sugar. Pepsi-Cola Made with Real Sugar The Pepsi-Cola Made with Real Sugar, formerly called Throwback, is a brand of soft drink sold by PepsiCo in the United States and in sweet stores in South Australia for its flagship Pepsi and Mountain Dew brands. The drinks, called Pepsi Throwback and Mountain Dew Throwback, are named as such because they are flavored with cane sugar and beet sugar instead of high fructose corn syrup, which soft drink companies used to replace sugar (in their North American products) in the 1980s. In addition, these
Pepsi-Cola Made with Real Sugar
19144419
combined effects of flooding or human intervention. The site was periodically flooded and over a metre of silt was deposited on the river terrace where Furber Street is located. Sugar cane was grown over part of the site in the early twentieth century and fossickers have also combed the area for souvenirs. In 1919 a farmhouse was moved onto the northwest end of the site (outside the Queensland heritage register boundary), near where Palmer's inn stood, but it has been since removed, along with its outbuildings. Cane farming on the pasture that lies to the northwest of the current parkland
Original Maryborough Town Site
15906574
balance sheet of fuel imports. Legislation in Australia imposes a 10% cap on the concentration of fuel ethanol blends. Blends of 90% unleaded petrol and 10% fuel ethanol are commonly referred to as E10. E10 is available through service stations operating under the BP, Caltex, Shell and United brands as well as those of a number of smaller independents. Not surprisingly, E10 is most widely available closer to the sources of production in Queensland and New South Wales where Sugar Cane is grown. E10 is most commonly blended with 91 RON "regular unleaded" fuel. There is a requirement that retailers
Ethanol fuel by country
9546474
and scrubland. North, there are sugar fields where sugar is produced. Other food crops such as bananas, cocoa and coffee are also grown. Fishing is also done at the harbor. There are also manufacturing factories near Capesterre. There is one rum distillery at Capesterre, Bellevue Distillery and it produces Rum Domaine de Bellevue. Also, there is a factory where the production of Moysan Cane syrup. This is a traditional and typical Marie-Galantine product. It is the by-product from the cooked juices of the canes. Tourism is not a full-scale industry. Capesterre has two hotels nearby and several restaurants. The beaches
Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante
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being known by many different names such as panela, jaggery, gur or muscovado. NCS contains over 90% carbohydrate, sucrose being the predominant (near 80%) sugar. It also contains minerals (up to 3%), mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, chloride and phosphates, but also a number of essential nutrients or oligo-elements including iron, zinc, magnesium, copper, cobalt, nickel and chromium. The particular chemical composition of NCS depends on the cane variety used, the soils on which it was grown, the fertilization applied and the processing methods. Generally produced for local markets, NCS probably was the dominant form of cane sugar consumption before the
Non-centrifugal cane sugar
1010045
Crockett in 1866. Edwards built his home in 1867 and when other settlers arrived, he started the first general store in Crockett. Edwards' home still stands and is known as "The Old Homestead", a California Historical Landmark. Crocketville post office was established in 1883, and the name was changed to Crockett later that year. In 1906, an agricultural cooperative of Hawaiian sugar cane growers built a sugar factory in Crockett, eventually turning it into a company town for the California and Hawaiian Sugar Company, (better known as C&H). The cane was grown in Hawaii and delivered by ship to Crockett,
Crockett, California
4114891
commercial value were tested in the gardens, first to see if they were viable, to determine what they needed for growth and if a profit could be made. Hill introduced mango, pawpaw, ginger, tamarind, mahogany, poinciana and jacaranda trees as well as tobacco, sugar, grape vines, wheat, tropical fruits, tea, coffee, spices and textile plants. He encouraged the work of the sugar pioneer John Buhot which culminated in the first production of granulated sugar in Queensland in April 1862. A cairn was erected at the site where the sugar cane was grown. Hill also supported the work of the Queensland
City Botanic Gardens
11552804
Sugar Cane Alley Sugar Cane Alley (French title: "La Rue Cases-Nègres") is a 1983 film directed by Euzhan Palcy. It is set in Martinique in the 1930s, where blacks working sugarcane fields were still treated harshly by their white employers. It is based on a semi-autobiographical novel by Joseph Zobel of the same name, or, alternatively titled "Black Shack Alley". José, the protagonist, is a young boy living in a rural part of Martinique in the 1930s. Many of the people around him, including his grandmother, Ma'Tine, with whom he lives, work in the sugar cane fields where they are
Sugar Cane Alley
12838468
was quickly rebuilt and a rubble stone breakwater was constructed to improve the harbor in 1884. Sugar cane was grown on Maui's west coast in the area between Kāanapali and Lahaina. A short line narrow-gauge railroad, the Lahaina Kāanapali and Pacific Railroad (L.K.&P. R.R. brought cane to the Pioneer sugar mill at Lahaina. The railroad closed in the 1950s when trucks were introduced. HC&S built one of the world's largest sugar mills in 1901 at Puunene. MA built its own sugar mill at Paia in 1906. The next decades brought explosive growth in the sugar industry. The key to cane's
History of Maui
11851757
United States significantly increased the cost of imported sugar and U.S. producers sought cheaper sources. High-fructose corn syrup, derived from corn, is more economical because the domestic U.S. price of sugar is twice the global price and the price of corn is kept low through government subsidies paid to growers. High-fructose corn syrup became an attractive substitute, and is preferred over cane sugar among the vast majority of American food and beverage manufacturers. Soft drink makers such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi use sugar in other nations, but switched to high-fructose corn syrup in the United States in 1984. The average
History of sugar
20489324
1950. Meringa was the headquarters for all the BSES's cane breeding and over time became the centre for pathology, agronomy and mill technology in the north. It was also the point of origin for all "Q" cane varieties, which in 2013 comprise 98% of the sugar cane grown in Queensland. To accommodate the cane breeding programme at Meringa, adjacent land was obtained. Portion 78 (R.483), to the south, was gazetted a Reserve for Experimental Farm on 27 August 1938. Two other reserves were added prior to 30 April 1953 (when all four of the Meringa SES's reserves were cancelled and
Meringa Sugar Experiment Station
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was destroyed during the Civil War, shotgun houses (slave quarters) and Creole cabins remain on the property. The mill stopped production in the 1930s, and sustained significant damage during Hurricane Betsy in 1965. It is named after where it is located. With over fifty original structures remaining it is the largest surviving 19th- and 20th-century sugar plantation complex left in the United States and is still a working sugarcane farm. The general store on the property is open to the public, displaying tools and farm implements used in the cultivation of sugar cane as well as locally made arts and
Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation
18914507
- much of the harvesting was performed by South Sea Islander labourers. The mill ceased production in 1872 as sugar yields were poor in the mild winter climate of southern Queensland and due to the competition of larger and better yielding plantations being established in the Maryborough and Mackay regions. By 1836, sugar cane had reached southern Queensland and was being grown in small plots in the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement. Experimentation with sugar cane as a viable crop was also conducted between 1836 and 1847 by a number of enterprising citizens of the colony. Trials of suitable varieties were
Oaklands Sugar Mill
18244855
"industrial" products tend to be negatively perceived, among them specially refined sugar and non-caloric sweeteners. This might open opportunities for the revival of NCS consumption. Non-centrifugal cane sugar Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is the technical name given to traditional raw sugar obtained by evaporating water from sugarcane juice. NCS is internationally recognized as a discrete and unique product by the FAO since 1964 and by the World Customs Organization (WCO) since 2007. WCO defines NCS as "cane sugar obtained without centrifugation". It also states that "the product contains only natural anhedral microcrystals, of irregular shape, not visible to the naked
Non-centrifugal cane sugar
8125233
of Asadh. There is a shiv mandir where exists a natural Shivling where a large number of people visit in Sawan. There are two sugar cane crusher and Sugar Cane Small-scale plant (Kolhu) which produce Jagerry (Gurh in Urdu/Hindi) after processing sugar cane juice in Charthawal. They start their production from Oct. to May and get a hundred million business in the season. Bajaj Hindusthan Limited, Titawi sugar mill and Rohana Sugar Refinery are around the town. Charthawal is also famous for wholesale market of wood. There is more than 10 wholesale shop aadhat for wood sale. They purchase the
Charthaval
8816350
such as Indians in Fiji and indigenous Fijian people. The first farmers union in Fiji was the Indian Cane Growers Association, established in 1919. It negotiated with the Colonial Sugar Refining Company, the predominant sugar cane plantations and raw sugar production company established in 1880. The 1921 strike by sugar cane farmers was a spontaneous action led by Vashist Muni. Umbrella organisations were formed to present a united front in negotiating with the CSR and later the Fiji Sugar Corporation (FSC) (est. 1973). In 1959, the Federation of Cane Growers was formed, and in 1980 the Joint Committee of Cane
Sugar Cane farmers unions in Fiji
5831164
rice, wheat, pulses, jute, maize and oil seeds. Vegetables like cauliflower, cabbage, onion, tomato, radish, carrot, beetroot, among others, are also grown. Sugar cane, potato and barley are some of the non-cereal crops grown. The main livestock of the town are cows, buffalo, goats, and poultry. Muzaffarpur District has several industries, big and small. The railway wagon industry is one of the City landmarks. Muzaffarpur is an important centre for the wholesale cloth trade. Bihar has emerged as brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. Vijay Mallya group- United Breweries Group, is
Muzaffarpur district
15724983
Arag Arag is a small town in Sangli district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is approximately 30 km south east of the much larger urban conglomeration of Sangli-Miraj. As of the 2011 census Arag has a population of approximately 15,000. In Arag over 75% of the population is employed in agriculture and within the region the town is famous for its progressive farming techniques. The primary crops grown are sugar cane, paan mala, jwari, and, in common with the rest of the Sanli-region, Turmeric. Arag is Sangli's leading grape and sugar cane producing town. Arag is also famous
Arag
3885215
the sugar cane industry came to dominate Puerto Rico's economy, both under the colonial rule of Spain and under the United States. After slavery, sugar plantations used a variety of forms of labour including workers imported from colonial India and Southern China working as indentured servants on European owned plantations (see coolie). In the 20th century, large-scale sugar production using wage labour continued in many parts of the region. The sugar cane industry had a negative impact in terms of environment as this industry grew in Caribbean countries. These included the destruction of forests, water pollution, and loss of fertility
Sugar plantations in the Caribbean
10338149
Sardheri Sardheri (also known as Sardhero or Sardheray) is a town located in Charsadda District in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Sardheri is situated on the Charsadda-Mardan road, 6 miles from Charsadda city towards East or 15 miles from Mardan towards West. From the Motorway charsadda interchange it is located about 6 km. The land of this town is very fertile, where three crops can be grown in a year. Major crops grown here are sugar cane, tobacco, wheat and many vegetables. As the lands held by the owners have been subdivided with subsequent divisions within families; a
Sardheri
15529633
structure on a sugar plantation was the sugar mill (sugar house), where, by the 1830s, the steam-powered mill crushed the sugarcane stalks between rollers. This squeezed the juice from the stalks and the cane juice would run out the bottom of the mill through a strainer to be collected into a tank. From there the juice went through a process that removed impurities from the liquid and thickened it through evaporation. It was steam-heated in vats where additional impurities were removed by adding lime to the syrup and then the mixture was strained. At this point the liquid had been
Plantation complexes in the Southern United States
11499676
years, the sugar cane industry has developed substantially, and the sugar cane factory of Binh Dinh has grown, producing more economic opportunities. The area has a lot of idle grassland that can be exploited for grazing. The area has abundance of natural forests as well as planted ones. Vân Canh District Vân Canh is a rural district ("huyện") of Bình Định Province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. The district capital is Vân Canh. Vân Canh is a mountainous district, located in the southwest of Bình Định Province, and is relatively sparsely populated. Vân Canh borders Đồng Xuân
Vân Canh District
8232337
its own trains if contract haulage rates from either Aurizon or Pacific National are unacceptable. Except where noted, this section relates to sugar cane lines in Queensland built to narrower than gauge, and in this section the term ‘narrow gauge’ means a gauge less than . Non sugar cane tramways covered by their own entries are: Sugar cane tramways were usually developed in conjunction with sugar mills as the major transport system for conveying harvested sugar cane for processing. As this is a seasonal traffic, minimising cost was a significant consideration, and the adoption of gauge enabled lines to be
Rail transport in Queensland
12651542
his book that their motto was “ A white woman to marry, a mulatto to take to bed, a Negress to do the work.” These sugar cane plantations were somewhat similar to the larger Southern plantations in the U.S., being an agricultural industry run on slave labor, which became very powerful in both Brazil and the United States. Casa-grande The casa-grande (Portuguese and Spanish: "big house") was the Brazilian equivalent of a Southern plantation in the United States. These casas-grandes were predominantly located in the northeast of Brazil (areas such as present day Bahia and Pernambuco). Additionally, sugar cane was
Casa-grande
316282
of modifying the application of the Jones Act for Puerto Rico are highly uncertain for both Puerto Rico and the United States, particularly for the U.S. shipping industry and the military preparedness of the United States. The Puerto Rico train system flourished during the late 19th and early 20th century due to a large sugar cane industry in the island. Most, if not all, of these system were private-owned services. Vieques Island also had the system all around the island connecting the others sugar cane plantations. During the 1870s and 1890s, Puerto Rico did not have a national railroad system,
Transportation in Puerto Rico
20674936
"Xanthomonas albilineans" which is a pathogen found in sugar cane. In regard to the ecology of this microorganisms, the numbers of "G. diazotrophicus" that colonize sugarcane decrease when the plant is grown under high nitrogen fertilization doses. Overall, "Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus", through the research restated, plays a significant role in the environment for plants specifically sugar cane, helps to grow crops, and can be found in areas that are acidic and contain oxygen. The genome that was found to be closely sequenced with "Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus" was the Pal5 genome. This genome has one circular chromosome and two plasmids. The two plasmids
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus
14890102
mango and sugar cane. It is the second largest producer of goat meat, providing about 10% of the national total. In the more temperate areas crops such as corn, beans, sorghum, peanuts, alfalfa and wheat are grown. In more tropical areas, crops also include coffee, sesame seed, rice, sugar cane and pineapple. Livestock is raised on 3,050,106 hectares or 32% of the state’s land. Cattle dominate in the Tuxtepec, Isthmus and Coast regions, with pigs dominating in higher elevations such as the Central Valleys Region. Other animals include sheep, goats, domestic fowl and bees. The Value of this production was
Economy of Oaxaca
1373479
sugar cane. It is the second largest producer of goat meat, providing about 10% of the national total. In the more temperate areas crops such as corn, beans, sorghum, peanuts, alfalfa and wheat are grown. In more tropical areas, crops also include coffee, sesame seed, rice, sugar cane and pineapple. Livestock is raised on 3,050,106 hectares or 32% of the state's land. Cattle dominate in the Tuxtepec, Isthmus and Coast regions, with pigs dominating in higher elevations such as the Central Valleys Region. Other animals include sheep, goats, domestic fowl and bees. The value of this production was estimated at
Oaxaca
7522925
web series Fringes to the process of making and distributing Waragi. The episode also covered the cultural significance of Waragi in Uganda, with reporter Thomas Morton imbibing various distillations of the traditional beverage. Waragi can be brewed from bananas. The base of waragi distillate can be made from either cassava, bananas, millet or sugar cane, depending on the crops grown in the region. The most popular (besides the branded Uganda Waragi) are "Lira Lira" and "Kasese". "Lira Lira" is made mainly from cassava flour and cane sugar, and is named after the town of Lira. "Kasese", named after the town
Waragi
14188302
that cultivate sugar cane and sugar beets, there was support in the United States to produce it internally and prevent the more than $500 million annually that was paid out for imports. Sugar beet processing was attempted in 1830 near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but the first successful factory was E. H. Dyer's 1879 Standard Sugar Refining Company factory in Alvarado, California. James Wilson, the United States Secretary of Agriculture in 1898, reported that 150,000 copies of an 1897 USDA farmers' bulletin on sugar beets had been distributed and "the demand appears to be unabated." Sugar beets were cultivated in Michigan north
Utah-Idaho Sugar Company
8056569
initiatives. The agency was officially liquidated on February 15, 1955. By time the Great Depression arrived in 1929, working class Puerto Rican citizens, especially rural agricultural laborers, were already facing economic hardship. After Spain ceded sovereignty of Puerto Rico to the United States following the 1898 Spanish–American War the island increasingly became economically dependent on the United States through an unbalanced colonial trade relationship that favored U.S. sugar, tobacco, coffee, and fruit companies. By 1910, four U.S. sugar corporations held near monopolies on sugar cane cultivation and sugar production had multiplied by 331%. By 1921, the United States Tobacco Trust
Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration