when did the oil and gas downturn start
In the middle of 2014
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to US$30.28 a barrel, the lowest since the financial crisis of 2007–2010 began. The price sharply rebounded after the crisis and rose to US$82 a barrel in 2009. In July 2008 oil reached a record peak of US$147.27 but by February 2009 it sank beneath $40 a barrel. On 31 January 2011, the Brent price hit $100 a barrel for the first time since October 2008, on concerns about the political unrest in Egypt. For about three and half years the price largely remained in the $90–$120 range. In the middle of 2014, price started declining due to a significant
Price of oil
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appointed Minister for Further Education, Higher Education and Science. Following media attention around a series of offensive blogs she wrote during her time as a college lecturer, First Minister Nicola Sturgeon subsequently withdrew Martin's nomination when presenting her new ministerial team to the Scottish Parliament for approval. In September 2018, Martin was appointed as Convener of the Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform Committee. From 2016 to 2018 Martin was co-convenor of the Scottish Parliament cross-party group on Oil and Gas. She has used her time in parliament to highlight the downturn of the oil and gas sector in the
Gillian Martin
615952
Enbridge Sandpiper pipeline is proposed to transfer valuable oil from Western North Dakota through northwestern Minnesota. The pipeline will be 24-30 inches in diameter. It will carry over 300,000 barrels of oil a day with a volatility of 32. The market size for oil and gas pipeline construction experienced tremendous growth prior to the economic downturn in 2008. After faltering in 2009, demand for pipeline expansion and updating increased the following year as energy production grew. By 2012, almost 32,000 miles of North American pipeline were being planned or under construction.. When pipelines are constrained, additional pipeline product transportation options
Pipeline transport
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Standard Oil of Louisiana as a locally based company. The Louisiana branch was later absorbed by Standard Oil of New Jersey. Beginning in 1930, United Gas Corporation, the nation's busiest pipeline operator and massive integrated oil company, was headquartered in Shreveport. Pennzoil performed a hostile takeover in 1968, and forced a merger. In the 1980s, the oil and gas industry suffered a large economic downturn. This affected all of the regional economy, and many companies cut back jobs or went out of business, including a large retail shopping mall, South Park Mall, which closed in the late 1990s. Its major
Shreveport, Louisiana
10251219
the international economic crisis and the downturn of gas and oil prices in 2008, Qatargas temporarily had to declare force majeure in January 2009 on production of three LNG trains. The company remained on track with its other projects and its general direction. In November 2010 and January 2011, respectively, qatargas 3 and 4 started production. In December 2010, Qatar celebrated achieving the national goal of 77 million tonnes per year for the first time, making it the world's largest LNG producer. Because of the major advances in oil- and gas extracting techniques (shale - or tight gas from rock,
Qatargas
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a significant number of the major oil and gas corporations, and an early increase in the share of the oil and gas sector owned by the Government of Canada." In the early 1980s, the global economy deepened into the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. Canada, along with all of the economies of Europe (except for Norway due to their petroleum industry) and the economy of the United States, fell into a worldwide recession. "National Post" journalist Jen Gerson would state that "the NEP was considered by Albertans to be among the most unfair federal policies ever implemented. Scholars
National Energy Program
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a poor pearl diving country. The exploration of oil and gas fields began in 1939. In 1973, oil production and revenues increased dramatically, moving Qatar out of the ranks of the world's poorest countries and providing it with one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Qatar's economy was in a downturn from 1982 to 1989. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) quotas on crude oil production, the lower price for oil, and the generally unpromising outlook on international markets reduced oil earnings. In turn, the Qatari government's spending plans had to be cut to match lower income.
Economy of Qatar
20819945
to natural gas. The North Shore Gas Company became 50% owned by AGL by 1974 and became a wholly owned subsidiary in 1980. In the 1960s and 1970s there was a decline in the use of coal as hospital and industrial heating converted to other energy sources, as awareness of air pollution caused by burning black coal increased. Heavy fuel oil, a by-product of local oil refining operations in Sydney, became more available as an alternative fuel to coal for brickmaking that was cleaner-burning and less bulky to transport and store. The mid-1950s and 1960s saw a huge downturn in
Coastal coal-carrying trade of New South Wales
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2011, the company acquired US-based BCI Engineers & Scientists, Inc., MACTEC, a US-based engineering consultancy company, and Zektin Group, an Australian-based specialist engineering consultancy for the oil and gas and resources industries. In January 2014, AMEC provisionally agreed a £1.9bn takeover of Swiss rival Foster Wheeler. AMEC completed its purchase of Foster Wheeler on 13 November 2014 and simultaneously changed its name to Amec Foster Wheeler plc. The acquisition coincided with a downturn in revenues from the oil and gas sectors, its primary clients, leading to crippling debt. The resultant financial difficulties led to the company's chief executive Samir Brikho
Amec Foster Wheeler
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and gas reserves offshore in sufficient exploitable quantities. Only then did France start exploiting these reserves. The reason was that in Algeria a war of independence was fought, and the French were losing. Until then Algeria was the main source of oil and gas destined for the French market. To remain independent of the American and British oil majors France had to look elsewhere for its supply. For some the discovery of oil of the Congolese coast was a blessing. For the majority of the local population it rather proved to be a curse as the International Monetary Fund in
History of the Republic of the Congo
9300840
Economy of Shreveport Shreveport has played a role in the United States oil business. The Standard Oil company of Louisiana was once based there, but the Louisiana branch was later absorbed by Standard Oil of New Jersey. In the mid 1980s to early 1990s the oil and gas industry experienced an economic downturn, and many companies cut back employment or went out of business. Many residents left the area following the mid 1980s to early 1990s recession. Today the city is a busy metropolitan city, hosting various riverboat casinos, and it is second only to New Orleans in Louisiana tourism.
Economy of Shreveport
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the government. , Qatar has proven oil reserves of 15 billion barrels and gas fields that account for more than 13% of the global resource. As a result, it is the richest state per-capita in the world. None of its 2 million residents live below the poverty line and less than 1% are unemployed. Qatar's economy was in a downturn from 1982 to 1989. OPEC quotas on crude oil production, the lower price for oil, and the generally unpromising outlook on international markets reduced oil earnings. In turn, the Qatari government's spending plans had to be cut to match lower
Qatar
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11 kV unit boards direct and each gas turbine was provided with an 11 kV/415 V transformer to power auxiliaries. The gas turbine auxiliaries could also be supplied by a 62.5 kVA standby diesel driven alternator set. This enabled the station to be started when completely disconnected from the grid system (black start). The gas turbines, which were equipped with automatic synchronising facilities, could be selected to start up automatically if the grid system fell below 49.7 Hz. Number: Four Rated output: 22.4 MW Gas turbine engines: Rolls Royce 1533 Avon Type of fuel: Gas Oil Generated voltage: 11 kV
Kingsnorth power station
20183219
resources development, maintain a qualified and skillful experts and relying on them to execute pre-commissioning, commissioning, start-up and performance test of oil, gas and petrochemical projects up to the client handover. The changing nature of oil, gas and petrochemical industries and the added complexities of new projects, compel Iranian companies to upgrade their capabilities and acquire new and systematic approaches to ensure the successful implementation of their projects. On the other hands, necessitate adaptation of new approaches in management, construction, pre-commissioning and commissioning aspects of oil, gas and petrochemical projects. Prior to establishment of OICO, OIEC executed commissioning and start-up
Oil Industries Commissioning and Operation Company
8101177
by examiners of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Over the next several years, members slowly but steadily increased but finally hit their peak in 1950 when members quickly grew. Finally, when UGCCWA merged with OWIU almost 100,000 workers represented those in the gas, coke, and chemical industry. Oil Workers International Union (OWIU) and the United Gas, Coke, and Chemical Workers of America (UGCCWA) merged on March 4, 1955 to form the Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers Union (OCAW). When the AFL and CIO merged in 1955, so did the two oil workers' unions. In 1956, after only one year of
Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union
6236556
of heat and pressure changed the remains of microscopic plant and animal into oil and natural gas. Roy Nurmi, an interpretation adviser for Schlumberger oil field services company, described the process as follows: Plankton and algae, proteins and the life that's floating in the sea, as it dies, falls to the bottom, and these organisms are going to be the source of our oil and gas. When they're buried with the accumulating sediment and reach an adequate temperature, something above 50 to 70 °C they start to cook. This transformation, this change, changes them into the liquid hydrocarbons that move
Petroleum reservoir
9355437
Tilbury gas in Ontario, in 1924 Royalite began sweetening gas from the sour Royalite #4 well through a similar plant. This process removed HS from the gas, but did not extract the sulfur as a chemical element. This development waited until 1952, when a sulfur recovery plant at Turner Valley began producing raw sulfur. Turner Valley oil production peaked in 1942, partly because the Oil and Gas Conservation Board increased allowable production as part of the Second World War war effort. During that period exploration results elsewhere in western Canada were disappointing. The only significant discoveries were small heavy oil
History of the petroleum industry in Canada
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the plant from a peak of 135 workers to less than half of that number. During the Great Depression, the plant reduced the work week from six to five days to allow additional workers to be added to the payroll. The 1970s energy crisis caused the price of natural gas to climb and its availability to decrease, forcing the plant to switch to fuel oil when its natural gas contract expired at the start of 1973. The expense of the additional workers needed to maintain the plant when using fuel oil resulted in the closing of the facility on June
Comal Power Plant
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a unanimous vote in support of Phillips' recommendation. Boots Adams wanted to diversify the company into emerging oil-related industries. After Adams became president of Phillips Petroleum, the company increased its acquisition of natural gas mining rights. In 1938, natural gas was burnt off at the wellhead as a waste product of oil exploration and the mining rights were cheap. The increased share of natural gas mining reserves increased Phillips' profit when the commodity's value more than doubled by the end of World War II. Adams supported a start-up venture called "Pace Setter" as well. He purchased a Pace Setter home
Boots Adams
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dykes intruding into targeted shale, which makes accessing the natural gas much more difficult and uncertain. While commercial interest did not come until 2008, oil companies have seen potential in the Karoo since the 1960s, when companies found “gas-bearing geological formations” in the area. However, because the formations were deep underground and technology was not advanced enough to pursue such interests, commercial interest did not follow until recent times. The first application for energy exploration in the Karoo came in 2008 from Bundu Oil and Gas, but was not approved. The next application from Royal Dutch Shell came in 2011,
Hydraulic fracturing in South Africa
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2 existing gas injecting wells. Aghajari Gas Injection Project Aghajari Gas Injection Project is the world’s biggest enhanced oil recovery) project to be inaugurated in Iran in late 2008. The reservoir dimension of Aghajari fields is 56×6 km with the original oil-in-place of and 10.2 billion barrels of recoverable oil (based on latest studies). The total quantities extracted since the start of operations at Aghajari till this date have been 8.8 bn barrels. However, production has been on the decline because of loss of pressure and oil extraction, so that current output is a day. With injection of of gas
Aghajari Gas Injection Project
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Aghajari Gas Injection Project Aghajari Gas Injection Project is the world’s biggest enhanced oil recovery) project to be inaugurated in Iran in late 2008. The reservoir dimension of Aghajari fields is 56×6 km with the original oil-in-place of and 10.2 billion barrels of recoverable oil (based on latest studies). The total quantities extracted since the start of operations at Aghajari till this date have been 8.8 bn barrels. However, production has been on the decline because of loss of pressure and oil extraction, so that current output is a day. With injection of of gas per day ( of gas
Aghajari Gas Injection Project
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in the equivalent of the Eagle Ford Formation. Gas drilling in the Burgos Basin, close to the US border, has been hampered by drug gangs. One Mexican industry expert said that Mexico was unlikely to develop the Eagle Ford, because of lack of pipeline infrastructure, lack of expertise, and because the Mexican company Pemex was investing in oil deposits that yield a higher rate of return. With the worldwide decline in crude oil prices in 2015, a sharp downturn swept through Eagle Ford play. In January 2015, there were 840 active drilling rigs in Texas as a whole; by the
Eagle Ford Group
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same year saw launching of Bovanenkov oil/gas/condensate field with its total fleet of production wells designed by TyumenNIIgiprogas. The projects developed by TyumenNIIgiprogas Company allowed commissioning of a start-up complex of 1A site of the Achimovsky deposits of the Urengoy gas field. It will allow recovering incremental volumes of gas and gas condensate in the fields with declining production. Field development plans of Yamburg oil and gas condensate field (Cenomanian deposits) and a Comprehensive project of the Zapolyarnoe oil and gas condensate field development are performed in 2013. On May 13, 2015 Oleg Andreev has been appointed as General Director
TyumenNIIgiprogas
8197135
Gas oil ratio When oil is brought to surface conditions it is usual for some natural gas to come out of solution. The gas/oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of the volume of gas that comes out of solution, to the volume of oil at standard conditions. A point to check is whether the volume of oil is measured before or after the gas comes out of solution, since the oil volume will shrink when the gas comes out. In fact gas dissolution and oil volume shrinkage will happen at many stages during the path of the hydrocarbon stream from
Gas oil ratio
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the state's share [of the oil and natural gas profits] properly safe-guarded would soon pay the state's entire bonded indebtedness and even be great enough to defray all the state's expenses and make our state tax free so long as obligations are concerned. This enthusiasm was subdued when the first wells failed to produce oil of a sufficiently high gravity for commercial success. The barrels of oil had considerable amounts of salt water, which lessened the quality. The governor's prediction was wrong in hindsight, but the oil and natural gas industry did provide an economic boost for the city and
Jackson, Mississippi
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for the coal, oil and natural gas industries. The business grew to 150 employees when Maloney sold his interest in 2006. Maloney has also invested in start-up companies. Maloney is a member of the Society of Mining Engineers, the West Virginia Coal Mining Institute, the Independent Oil and Gas Association of West Virginia, and the National Groundwater Association. He is a past chairman of the West Virginia chapter of Associated Builders and Contractors. Maloney used his drilling expertise in support of the Plan B attempt to rescue the 33 trapped Chilean miners. Maloney joined the Center Rock team led by
Bill Maloney
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and in 1916 he drilled a successful well in Butler county. He went on to found Derby Oil Company that owned a refinery in Wichita at 21st and Washington Street. and had gas stations throughout the region. In 1955 Derby Oil was acquired by Colorado Oil & Gas, a subsidiary of Colorado Interstate Gas, which became part of Coastal Corporation in 1973. John (Jack) Vickers (1891-1940) was another Wichita oil mogul who got his start in the Butler oil fields. Founder of Vickers Petroleum, in 1920, he built a refinery in Potwin Kansas about 20 miles northeast of Wichita. In
History of Wichita, Kansas
16984885
Tenneco Inc. and assumed corporate level responsibility for all of Tenneco Inc.’s upstream, downstream, and gas pipeline businesses. He left Tenneco when its board elected to divest Tenneco Oil in 1988. Joe B. Foster is the founder of Newfield Exploration Company, a Houston-based oil and gas exploration company. He served as chief executive officer until his retirement from active management in January 2000, and remained as chairman of its board until May 2005. Foster founded Newfield in 1989 as a private start-up with $9 million of equity capital provided by himself, other employees, a group of Houston investors, and University
Joe B. Foster
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during Indiana's gas boom, Haynes invented several devices important to the advance of the natural gas industry. When working for the Indiana Natural Gas and Oil Company, he oversaw the construction of the first long-distance natural gas pipeline in the United States, connecting Chicago with the Trenton Gas Field away. He began to formulate plans for a motorized vehicle in the early 1890s; he successfully road tested his first car, the "Pioneer", on July 4, 1894—eight years after the first automobile was patented in Germany. He formed a partnership with Elmer and Edgar Apperson in 1896 to start Haynes-Apperson for
Elwood Haynes
9391369
offshore block. The plan to build the oil and gas pipelines was approved by China's National Development and Reform Commission in April 2007. In November 2008, China and Myanmar agreed to build a US$1.5 billion oil pipeline and US$1.04 billion natural gas pipeline. In March 2009, China and Myanmar signed an agreement to build a natural gas pipeline, and in June 2009 an agreement to build a crude oil pipeline. The inauguration ceremony marking the start of construction was held on 31 October 2009 on Maday Island. The Myanmar section of the gas pipeline was completed on 12 June 2013
Sino-Myanmar pipelines
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Oil Exploration 35%), and South Natuna Sea Block B (ConocoPhillips 40%, Inpex 35%, Chevron Corporation 25%) has been proposed. Production is expected to be viable only if the oil price exceeds $100 per barrel. The production is expected to start not before 2030. East Natuna gas field The East Natuna gas field (former name: Natuna D-Alpha block) is a large natural gas field located in the South China Sea off northern Natuna Island, Indonesia. It is within the disagreed area claimed by China. The field was discovered in 1973 by Agip. In 1980, the Indonesian state-owned oil company Pertamina and
East Natuna gas field
14060888
oil fields which are planned to start production in those years. According to the Energy Information Administration, "Gulf of Mexico federal offshore oil production accounts for 17% of total U.S. crude oil production and federal offshore natural gas production in the Gulf accounts for 5% of total U.S. dry production." Major fields include Eugene Island block 330 oil field, Atlantis Oil Field, and the Tiber oilfield (discovered 2009). Notable oil platforms include Baldpate, Bullwinkle, Mad Dog, Magnolia, Mars, Petronius, and Thunder Horse. Notable individual wells include Jack 2 and Knotty Head. As technology has progressed over the years, oil companies
Offshore oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico (United States)
5882635
rate at the start of its life; the production rate eventually declines to a point at which it no longer produces profitable amounts. The shape of the decline curve depends on the oil reservoir and the reservoir drive mechanism. Wells in water-drive and gas-cap drive reservoirs often produce at a near constant rate until the encroaching water or expanding gas cap reaches the well, causing a sudden decline in oil production. Wells in gas solution drive and oil expansion drive reservoirs have exponential or hyperbolic declines: rapid declines at first, then leveling off. The shape of production curve of an
Oil depletion
4572834
earthquake. Workers were evacuated, but tsunami warnings hindered efforts to extinguish the fire until 14 March, when officials planned to do so. While developing the Rang Don Oil Field and Helang Gas Field NOEX, part of the Nippon Oil Corporation, conducted environmental impact assessments. These assessments helped them implement management plans based on the results of the assessments, specifically, how to reduce the impact of the fields on surrounding sea areas. In 2005 Nippon Oil and Ebara-Ballard announced they were going to start field testing a 1 kW household proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system that uses coal oil as fuel.
JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy
1193040
in the 1900 census, and 331 at statehood in 1907. The highest population was 434 at the 1920 census. Oil and natural gas were discovered nearby after the start of the 20th Century. Although this activity did not contribute much to the town's growth, it resulted in piping gas to Lenapah's homes and businesses. Lenapah is located at (36.851617, -95.636572). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 298 people, 109 households, and 81 families residing in the town. The population
Lenapah, Oklahoma
4226829
device to start large gas engines with high pressure-gas and develop hoisting apparatuses for deep wells. Sutton’s mechanical aptitudes never left him. His father finally directed him to return to his medical studies and he did so returning to Columbia University in 1905. Sutton’s medical studies proceeded through the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University. While he continued to work on patents associated with oil drilling, Sutton also began at this stage to apply his mechanical aptitude to improving medical instruments. With credit for his graduate studies at both the University of Kansas and Columbia University, Sutton obtained
Walter Sutton
9870388
Checker to clarify his position. However, he did tell a town hall gathering in April 2012 that, in contrast to Obama, he did not want to raise taxes on oil companies. Romney's chief energy advisor also testified before Congress twice during the campaign on behalf of the oil and gas industry that Congress should maintain tax benefits for oil and gas producers. During the first presidential debate between Romney and Obama, in October 2012, Romney hinted for the first time that as president he might consider eliminating $2.8 billion in tax breaks for oil and gas producers if Congress would
Political positions of Mitt Romney
16881383
per annum. Production of oil is expected to start in 2014 and production of natural gas in 2019. Produced gas will be transported by the planned Yakutia–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline. Helium will be separated from natural gas at the Belogorsk plant. Produced helium would be purchased by Matheson and Linde. Chayanda field Chayanda field (also known as Chayandinskoye field; ) is a large hydrocarbon resource field, primarily of natural gas and gas condensates. It is located in the Lensky District of the Sakha Republic in Yakutiya. The Chayanda field is located within the Nepa Arch oil and gas area of the central
Chayanda field
20183218
Oil Industries Commissioning and Operation Company Oil Industries’ Commissioning and Operation Company (OICO; Sherkat-e Rāhandāzi va Bahrebardāri-ye Sanāye-e Naft) is an Iranian company in the field of Oil & Gas which is incorporated to manage and execute commissioning and start-up, operation, maintenance and training courses for oil, gas and petrochemical industries. OICO was established in 2011 as a private joint stock company in Tehran. The company is a wholly owned by and is a subsidiary of “Oil Industries Engineering and Construction” (OIEC) group and Oil Industry Pension Fund Investment Company (OPIC). OICO invest in the area of training and human
Oil Industries Commissioning and Operation Company
20183221
of Iran. Oil Industries Commissioning and Operation Company Oil Industries’ Commissioning and Operation Company (OICO; Sherkat-e Rāhandāzi va Bahrebardāri-ye Sanāye-e Naft) is an Iranian company in the field of Oil & Gas which is incorporated to manage and execute commissioning and start-up, operation, maintenance and training courses for oil, gas and petrochemical industries. OICO was established in 2011 as a private joint stock company in Tehran. The company is a wholly owned by and is a subsidiary of “Oil Industries Engineering and Construction” (OIEC) group and Oil Industry Pension Fund Investment Company (OPIC). OICO invest in the area of training
Oil Industries Commissioning and Operation Company
13929195
establishment of HNWR in 1946, oil and gas deposits were discovered on the refuge. Exploration and drilling activities soon occurred on the refuge and throughout the surrounding area. When the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) acquired the lands necessary for the Denison Dam Project, they did not purchase the mineral rights. As a result, it was established on surface lands owned by USACE with subsurface mineral rights remaining in private ownership. At the time the first oil well was drilled, no one had any idea of the coming magnitude of oil and gas activities that would eventually occur
Hagerman National Wildlife Refuge
4374156
to rise until the grip grounds on the cup, whereupon further injection of gas will start to raise that lift as well. Holders were built with as many as four lifts. An extra flying lift could be retrofitted into column or frame gas holders. This was an additional inner tank that extended above the standards, when the infrastructure would support the extra shear forces and weight. Though not exclusively, spiral guides were used. Dry-seal gas holders have a static cylindrical shell, within which a piston rises and falls. As it moves, a grease seal, tar/oil seal or a sealing membrane
Gas holder
7330629
when the West German and global economies were in a downturn and when all his ideas did not seem able to revive West German prosperity. Willy Brandt himself resigned two years later. Helmut Schmidt, Brandt's successor, was intensely interested in economics but also faced great problems, including the dramatic upsurge in oil prices of 1973-74. West Germany's GDP in 1975 fell by 1.4 percent (in constant prices), the first time since the founding of the FRG that it had fallen so sharply. The West German trade balance also fell as global demand declined and as the terms of trade deteriorated
Economic history of Germany
615946
much shorter, as thousands of natural-gas processing plants are located in or near oil fields. Many Bakken Basin oil companies in North Dakota, Montana, Manitoba and Saskatchewan gas fields separate the NGLs in the field, allowing the drillers to sell propane directly to small wholesalers, eliminating the large refinery control of product and prices for propane or butane. The most recent major pipeline to start operating in North America, is a TransCanada natural gas line going north across the Niagara region bridges with Marcellus shale gas from Pennsylvania and others tied in methane or natural gas sources, into the Canadian
Pipeline transport
18787018
with the short being closed when the new shares are officially issued. New World Oil, became infamous when the private investors under the banner of nwogaction voted against the issue of the new shares. This caused one the largest short squeeze's in the history of the LSE AIM index. This was considered a rare situation where the power of the shareholders proved stronger than the New World Oil and Gas Board of Directors, Nominated Adviser (Beaumont Cornish) and Broker (Cornhill Capital). New World Oil and Gas New World Oil and Gas plc is a Jersey-based oil and gas exploration company
New World Oil and Gas
15745079
above, Greece is also to start oil and gas exploration in other locations in the Ionian Sea as well as the Libyan Sea, within the Greek exclusive economic zone, south of Crete. The Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change announced that there was interest from various countries (including Norway and the United States) in exploration, and the first results regarding the amount of oil and gas in these locations are expected in the summer of 2012. A number of oil and gas pipelines are currently under construction or under planning in the country. Such projects include the "Interconnector
Energy in Greece
6059239
was founded in 1921 in Coalinga, California, by Keck, after he had accumulated enough leases to start his own firm. Superior Oil began as a drilling contracting firm and grew into other oil services including exploration and production of oil and natural gas. The company soon focused on the exploration and production of oil and gas, and was involved with a number of new methods. In 1930 the company was the first to successfully use directional drilling in California. Keck was one of the first oilmen to move his business to Houston, Texas, and by 1931, the company had wells
Superior Oil Company
6236570
gas or water to maintain reservoir pressure. The gas/oil ratio and the oil production rate are stable until the reservoir pressure drops below the bubble point when critical gas saturation is reached. When the gas is exhausted, the gas/oil ratio and the oil rate drops, the reservoir pressure has been reduced and the reservoir energy exhausted. In reservoirs already having a gas cap (the virgin pressure is already below bubble point), the gas cap expands with the depletion of the reservoir, pushing down on the liquid sections applying extra pressure. This is present in the reservoir if there is more
Petroleum reservoir
438031
2007–08, when GDP fell by 5.0% from the spring of 2008 to the spring of 2009. Other significant recessions took place in 1957–58, when GDP fell 3.7%, following the 1973 oil crisis, with a 3.1% fall from late 1973 to early 1975, and in the 1981–82 recession, when GDP dropped by 2.9%. Recent, mild recessions have included the 1990–91 downturn, when output fell by 1.3%, and the 2001 recession, in which GDP slid by 0.3%; the 2001 downturn lasted just eight months. The most vigorous, sustained periods of growth, on the other hand, took place from early 1961 to mid-1969,
Economy of the United States
13061797
Oil production began from a man-made offshore island off Seal Beach in 1953. The first strictly offshore oil field in California was the Belmont Offshore Field, discovered in 1948 from the shore of Seal Beach; production did not begin until 1954 when a man-made island was built in 40 feet of water for drilling and production equipment. The first of ten federal offshore lease sales in California was held in 1963. The Union Oil Company discovered the Dos Cuadras oil field in federal waters of the Santa Barbara Channel in 1968, but success turned to disaster in 1969, when large
Offshore oil and gas in California
4270499
the gas turbine. The diesel engine was capable of moving the locomotive at a slow speed when the gas turbine was not running. The usual procedure was to run the locomotive from the shed to Paddington station using the diesel engine and to start the gas turbine only a few minutes before the train was due to leave. This saved fuel and minimised annoyance from noise and exhaust fumes. It proved a troublesome machine in service. Ash from the heavy fuel oil damaged the turbine blades, and the combustion chamber liner required frequent replacement due to damage. The electrical control
British Rail 18000
9391372
on an island near the port of Kyaukphyu. For oil processing China will build refineries in Chongqing, Sichuan, and in Yunnan. The gas pipeline will allow delivery of natural gas from Burma's offshore fields to China with an expected annual capacity of up to 12 bcm of natural gas. The pipeline will be supplied from the A-1 and A-3 Shwe oil field. China would start receiving natural gas from Burma's Shwe project through the pipeline in April 2013. The Shwe, Shwe-Phyu, and Mya areas in the A-1 and A-3 blocks, estimated to hold 127–218 bcm of natural gas in total,
Sino-Myanmar pipelines
14666337
history, politics and business cultures of South America as well as the knowledge of hydrocarbon basins provided by a former chief geoscientist who joined their team. They also considered the fiscal regimes, the geology, and access to infrastructure to enable early asset monetization for oil and gas discoveries. At the time, Ecuador and Venezuela did not meet their risk criteria due to political landscapes, Brazil because of the tight control of the oil and gas industry under Petrobras and the necessity of using Petrobras to transport oil and gas. In Chile, there were few oil and gas opportunities and a
Americas Petrogas
3108821
shown that hydrocarbons from the mantle region can be found widely around the globe. The content of such hydrocarbons in such rocks was extremely low and seemed to lack accumulation in concentrations that would render them feasible for exploitation. Scientific consensus on the origin of oil and gas has generally been that natural oil and gas deposits on Earth are fossil fuels. Yet, abiogenesis of small quantities of oil and gas remains an area of ongoing research in limited, mostly just laboratory scale. Some abiogenic hypotheses have proposed that oil and gas did not originate from fossil deposits, but have
Abiogenic petroleum origin
9391370
and gas started to flow to China on 21 October 2013. The oil pipeline was completed in Aug, 2014. The oil and natural gas pipelines run in parallel and start near Kyaukphyu on Made island port on the Bay of Bengal in Myanmar (19°21'52.39"N, 93°41'3.91"E), run under the sea for 5.3 KM to mainland ( 19°21'26.09"N, 93°44'3.41"E) and then run through Mandalay, Pyin Oo Lwin, and Muse in Myanmar before entering China at the border city of Ruili in Yunnan province. The oil pipeline, which eventually terminates in Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, is long. The natural gas pipeline will
Sino-Myanmar pipelines
9990467
is normally carried out with the help of Perforating Guns or Hollow carriers. In Overbalanced Perforation the weight of the Well-bore Column is more than the Reservoir Pressure, thus it normally ensures that the Well does not start flowing oil or gas immediately after perforation. However, it may have the effect of damaging the formation due to forced entry of well-bore fluid (mud) into the reservoir. Creating a channel between the pay zone and the wellbore. Cause oil and gas to flow to the wellbore easily. Perforation (oil well) A perforation in the context of oil wells refers to a
Perforation (oil well)
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Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas is a 1976 double live album by the Allman Brothers Band. It collected a variety of performances from the mid-1970s line-up of the band. Songs from their popular 1973 "Brothers and Sisters" album were heavily featured, but each of their other studio albums was represented by a selection as well. Released after the group had already dissolved in acrimony, the album did not attract much praise or even attention at the time. The band did not like the selections, the sound mixing on the
Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas
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lubrication, fuels supplied to two-stroke engines are often mixed with oil so that it can coat the cylinders and bearing surfaces along its path. The ratio of gas to oil is set by the engine manufacturer but ranges from 30:1 to 50:1 per volume unit. Oil remaining in the mixture is burnt with the fuel and results in a familiar blue smoke and odor. Gas oil ratio When oil is brought to surface conditions it is usual for some natural gas to come out of solution. The gas/oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of the volume of gas that comes
Gas oil ratio
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was still increasing. The most commonly quoted producer price for natural gas is the Louisiana-based Henry Hub price, which is futures-traded on NYMEX. A barrel of oil releases about 5.8 million BTU when burned, so that 5.8 MCF of gas (at the standard one thousand BTU per cubic foot) releases about the same energy as a barrel of oil. Sometimes gas containing 5.8 million BTU is defined as a "barrel of oil equivalent for energy calculation purposes. When describing reserves or production, however, the oil and gas industry more commonly uses the rounded number of 6 MCF of gas (or
Natural gas in the United States
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suit in the Federal Court of Malaysia in order to assert its position as the exclusive owner of Malaysian oil resources (including Sarawak) and the 1974 Petroleum Development Act is still valid. On 22 June 2018, the federal court of Malaysia denied Petronas application to start legal proceedings against Sarawak because the case is not within the jurisdiction of the federal court. On 10 July 2018, Sarawak state assembly passed the Oil Mining (Amendment) Bill (2018) in order to regulate oil and gas activities in the state. All oil and gas companies operating in Sarawak waters would be given grace
Petroleum Sarawak Berhad
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production was expected to start in summer 2015 on Goliat oil platform, but this was delayed. Production started in April 2016. Goliat is the northernmost sea oil platform at the moment. Production is estimated to continue for 10–15 years. The associated gas will be reinjected to increase oil recovery or will be transported to the processing plant at Melkøya.. Production takes place through a subsea system consisting of 22 wells, and of which 12 are oil producers, 7 water injectors and 3 gas injectors. The platforms operation has been halted temporarily in October 2017 due to some of the electrical
Goliat field
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career start at the age of 19 with EarthLink in San Jose, CA. He would later join Winstar Communications and eventually a startup named Everest Broadband where he was bi-coastal between the Los Angeles and New York locations. He attributes his experience at Everest Broadband, as his foundation to learning and understanding the culture of a startup company. As the dot-com world imploded, he returned to North Texas, landing a job at Mid-Continent Oil & Gas, Inc. in 2002. He left the next year to start an Oil and Gas Company ("Texas Energy Holdings, Inc") with co-worker Casey Ladymon. Willis
Chad Willis
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off costs such as labor costs, material costs, supplies, and repairs associated with drilling a well which allowed companies to write off their start up costs to make a profit in their start up year. The second policy was a depletion allowance that allowed oil and gas producers to claim 27.5% of revenue as a deduction for the cost of exhaustion or depletion of the deposit. This allowed for reduced capital investment and encouraged businesses to develop their resource faster. Oil and gas production increased from 16% of total U.S. energy production in 1920 to 71.1% of total energy production
Business Energy Investment Tax Credit
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1987 to Aegean Sea after Greece announced that it will start oil and gas exploration in the region. As Greece declared to intervene, Turkey responded that this would be cause of war. The tension calmed down later with mediation efforts of NATO and the United States. Following the decision of the Cyprus government to start an initiative for oil and gas exploration in the Mediterranean Sea, Turkey signed an agreement with Northern Cyprus to do the same within Northern Cyprus' territorial waters. For this purpose, "K. Piri Reis", which was commissioned by the Turkish government to conduct research work, departed
RV K. Piri Reis
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"feed system" so that fuel supply can be problematic at cold start. Retail stores offer a number of additives that will lower the CFPP of diesel oil. These will only be effective when added above the Cloud Point as the additive needs to mix well with the diesel oil - ideally the additive should be added at the gas station when the fuel is still warm from the storage tanks. The additives will not prevent the diesel from developing wax particles but these are hindered from melding together to form larger wax flakes that can clog up the fuel filter.
Winter diesel fuel
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Oil and gas industry in India The oil and gas industry in India dates back to 1889 when the first oil deposits in the country were discovered near the town of Digboi in the state of Assam. The natural gas industry in India began in the 1960s with the discovery of gas fields in Assam and Gujarat. As on 31 March 2015, India had estimated crude oil reserves of 763.48 million tonnes and natural gas reserves of 1488.49 billion cubic meters (BCM). India imports 82% of its oil needs and aims to bring that down to 67% by 2022 by
Oil and gas industry in India
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the large Middle East producers. It took almost a year to get the first US "majors" to start trading, but several "majors" did not start for almost 5 years. The initial resistance from the OPEC producers was almost impossible to break through, although some finally gave in, among the first being Venezuela. The rumors on the floor at that time were the Arab producers would trade gold futures as a proxy for oil prices (since the Arabs were major purchasers of gold and would buy more when their pockets were filled by rising oil prices, and conversely sell when oil
New York Mercantile Exchange
4574313
sources,) and 12,000 (according to the FLN.) The city has a commercial harbour with a gas and oil terminal. On 15 February 1989 the Dutch tanker the MV "Maassluis" was anchored just outside the port, waiting to dock the next day at the terminal, when extreme weather broke out. The ship's anchors did not hold and the ship smashed on the pier-head of the port. The disaster killed 27 of the 29 people on board. The city has a population of 250,000. Natural gas, oil refining, and petrochemical industries were developed in the 1970s and pipelines have been built for
Skikda
4461889
1998 and early 1999. Bradlees also took advantage of the liquidation and closure of competitor Caldor shortly after its emergence from bankruptcy and purchased several of its former stores. The fortunes of Bradlees took a turn for the worse in 2000 and on December 26, the company announced another filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection, and said that Bradlees would begin liquidation sales as soon as possible, ending business. Executives of Bradlees said it filed for bankruptcy protection because of a general economic downturn, including rising interest rates and higher gas and heating oil prices that had left customers with
Bradlees
3014493
during the interval between shutting off the ignition and the engine's coming to a stop; this unburned gasoline washed lubricating oil from the cylinder walls, which not only left them unprotected in affected areas during start-up but would dilute the engine's entire oil supply if the car was not driven hard or long enough to reach a sufficient temperature to evaporate the gas out of the oil. To reduce this dilution by gasoline when stopping the engine, the owner's manual advised Turn the ignition key to the left while idling. Do not on any account try to stop the engine
Mercedes-Benz 300 SL
19576463
II Navy commander who later worked the offshore oil and gas industry. In 1985, the company took over a bankrupt rival named Delta Fabrication. The company became publicly listed in 1997. The company offered 2,000,000 shares at $15 per share. With a total offer amount of $30 million. The company had diversified revenue to build ships and expanded by taking over LeeVac Shipyards in the beginning of 2016. The acquisition provided about $112 million incremental contract backlog during the industry downturn. Gulf Island Fabrication Gulf Island Fabrication is an American manufacturer of specialized structures and marine vessels used in the
Gulf Island Fabrication
2623310
Department of Justice for sanction violations of conducting business in Iran and Sudan; the company was fined $233 million, amounting to the largest fine for sanctions to date. Due to a downturn in the global oil & gas industry in 2015, Schlumberger announced 21,000 layoffs accounting for 15% of the company’s total workforce. In August 2015, Schlumberger agreed to acquire oilfield equipment manufacturer Cameron International for $14.8 billion. In January 2018, Schlumberger announced that WesternGeco would be exiting the seismic acquisition business, both onshore and offshore, while retaining its multiclient data processing and interpretation segments. This decision followed the bankruptcy
Schlumberger
2539129
Corporation was formed. With the severe downturn in oil and natural gas prices, in September 2015, the Company went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy and during its bankruptcy process, sold several large assets. In January 2014, KKR acquired Sedgwick Claims Management Services Inc for $2.4 billion from two private equity companies - Stone Point, and Hellman & Friedman. In June 2014, KKR announced it was taking a one-third stake in a Spanish energy business of Acciona Energy, at a cost of €417 million ($567 million). The international renewable energy generation business operates renewable assets, largely wind farms, across 14 countries including
Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
1997443
November 1988, a royal decree created a new Saudi Arab company, the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, to take control of the former Aramco assets (or Saudi Aramco) and took the management and operations control of Saudi Arabia's oil and gas fields from Aramco and its partners. In 1989–90, high-quality oil and gas was discovered in three areas south of Riyadh: the Raghib area about 77 miles southeast of the capital. In Sept. 1990, after the start of the Gulf War, Aramco was expected to replace much of the oil production removed from the global market due to the embargo of
Saudi Aramco
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Oil supply will shortly begin to decline, precipitating a global crisis. Even if coal and natural gas are substituted for some of the oil, human civilization will start to run out of fossil fuels by the end of the 21st century. He concludes with the warning: "Civilization as we know it will come to an end sometime in this century unless we can find a way to live without fossil fuels". Paul Raeburn wrote in "The New York Times" that Goodstein's prediction regarding peak oil and future of civilization is based on an understanding of physics and thermodynamics, and on
Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil
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the oil fields as a roughneck he enrolled at Montana Tech University in Butte, Montana where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering. From 1974 to 1982 Brown worked for Marathon Oil Company in energy development, a job that took him around the world. In 1983 he returned to Billings to start an oil and gas business. He sold it in 1994 and has been a landlord in the Billings area since that time. Roy Brown sold his oil and gas company in Billings, and currently makes a living through rental property in the Billings area. Beginning
Roy Brown (Montana politician)
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to reach an "economic limit" when its most efficient production rate does not cover the operating expenses, including taxes. The economic limit for oil and gas wells can be expressed using these formulae: Oil fields: <math> Oil well An oil well is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface. Usually some natural gas is released along with the oil. A well that is designed to produce only gas may be termed a gas well. The earliest known oil wells were drilled in China in 347 CE. These wells had depths of
Oil well
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Shale fields of South Texas. In 2013, Porter established the Texas Natural Gas Initiative. He was named "Man of the Year" by "The Oil & Gas Year". He has been recognized by the "Shale Oil & Gas Business Magazine" and "Unconventional Oil & Gas Magazine" for his economic development policies. David J. Porter David Jerome Porter (born April 21, 1956) is a Certified Public Accountant and a former elected member of the Texas Railroad Commission. Formerly in a private CPA practice in Midland in Midland County, Porter since relocated to Giddings in Lee County, Texas. Porter did not seek re-election
David J. Porter
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pressure. As the reservoir depletes, the pressure falls below the bubble point, and the gas comes out of solution to form a gas cap at the top. This gas cap pushes down on the liquid helping to maintain pressure. This occurs when the natural gas is in a cap below the oil. When the well is drilled the lowered pressure above means that the oil expands. As the pressure is reduced it reaches bubble point and subsequently the gas bubbles drive the oil to the surface. The bubbles then reach critical saturation and flow together as a single gas phase.
Petroleum reservoir
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Howard lost his job at the newspaper in the same year and spent one month working in a post office before quitting over the low wages. His next job, at the Cross Plains Natural Gas Company, did not last long due to his refusal to be subservient to his boss. He did manual labor for a surveyor for a time before beginning a job as a stenographer for an oil company. Howard briefly attempted to start a musical career at this time but faced a succession of unreliable tutors before giving up. His first tutor was a wandering fiddler who
Early life of Robert E. Howard
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owned by various companies in different states of India as of 31 March 2016 are: Oil and gas industry in India The oil and gas industry in India dates back to 1889 when the first oil deposits in the country were discovered near the town of Digboi in the state of Assam. The natural gas industry in India began in the 1960s with the discovery of gas fields in Assam and Gujarat. As on 31 March 2015, India had estimated crude oil reserves of 763.48 million tonnes and natural gas reserves of 1488.49 billion cubic meters (BCM). India imports 82%
Oil and gas industry in India
222522
sole oil refinery in Mombasa. However, this oil refinery facility has been shut down and Kenya currently imports refined oil. In 2004 oil consumption was estimated at a day. Most of the Mombasa refinery's production is transported via Kenya's Mombasa–Nairobi pipeline. Kenya's services sector, which contributes about 63 percent of GDP, is dominated by tourism. The tourism sector exhibited steady growth in most years since independence and by the late 1980s had become the country's principal source of foreign exchange. In the late 1990s, tourism relinquished this position to tea exports because of a terrorism-related downturn. The downturn followed the
Economy of Kenya
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6 million BTU in the natural gas) as equal to one barrel of oil equivalent. Since the price of natural gas was deregulated in the 1990s, its price has tended to parallel that of oil, with oil usually at a premium on a BTU basis. But starting in the late 2000s, an abundance of natural gas in North America has caused the price of a unit of energy from gas to be much lower than the price of energy from oil. When oil and natural gas are brought to the surface, they are usually separated at the wellhead, after which
Natural gas in the United States
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Associated petroleum gas Associated petroleum gas (APG), or associated gas, is a form of natural gas which is found with deposits of petroleum, either dissolved in the oil or as a free "gas cap" above the oil in the reservoir. Historically, this type of gas was released as a waste product from the petroleum extraction industry. It may be a stranded gas reserve due to the remote location of the oil field, either at sea or on land, this gas is simply burnt off in gas flares. When this occurs the gas is referred to as flare gas. The gas
Associated petroleum gas
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Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA) is a 501c3 nonprofit corporation formed in 1959 and concerned with the science of petrophysics, well logging and formation evaluation. SPWLA has approximately 2500 members. The SPWLA's mission is to increase the awareness of petrophysics, formation evaluation and well logging best practices in the oil and gas industry and the scientific community at large. The original chapters were started in Oklahoma in 1959 in Oklahoma City and Tulsa. Expansion of the Society has always followed the petroleum industry boom and bust cycle. The downturn
Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts
9634753
in 1949. Turkey's ties to the other Muslim-majority nations in the region have at times resulted in pressure from Arab and Muslim states to temper its relationship with Israel. Relations between Turkey and Israel took a downturn after the 2008–09 Gaza War and Israel's raid of the Gaza flotilla. Relations between Greece and Israel have improved since 1995 due to the decline of Israeli-Turkish relations. The two countries have a defense cooperation agreement and in 2010, the Israeli Air Force hosted Greece's Hellenic Air Force in a joint exercise at the Uvda base. The joint Cyprus-Israel oil and gas explorations
Israel
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two World Wars made for periods of boom. The first was followed with a severe bust, brought on by the end of the Great War and then continued by the Great Depression. Following World War II, the drive toward mechanization and the Korean War pushed the industry even higher. However, railroads and households soon began shifting from coal to oil and gas for their energy needs, and the industry yet again experienced a downturn. By 2001 8.36 billion tons of coal had been extracted from Kentucky, 5.78 billion tons coming from the Eastern Coalfield and 2.58 billion tons coming from
Coal mining in Kentucky
15545381
end. The end of the Gas Boom was difficult for many small communities, and it was a major cause of Mollie's decline. Unlike some communities, Mollie "did not" have manufacturers that were dependent upon the low-cost energy provided by the abundant natural gas. However, the loss of the oil workers in the nearby Harrison Township oil fields meant that consumer demand in Mollie was significantly diminished. By 1907, Mollie's Post Office was discontinued because of lack of demand—the oil workers had moved away. Elsewhere in the county, the gas and oil workers left, some of the manufacturers moved, and some
Mollie, Indiana
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downturn of economic activities and lower consumption which, as a consequence, resulted in a significant down-slide in the trade between the two countries. The structure of the trade exchange during the crisis though remained largely the same - 60-70 % of Slovenian exports are pharmaceuticals, wired communications systems, electrical equipment, mechanical installations and paints. Imports from Russia are mostly comprised by oil and gas products and their derivatives, aluminium products, together comprising 70-75 % of the total Russian import. Russia–Slovenia relations Russia–Slovenia relations are foreign relations between Russia and Slovenia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 25, 1992. Russia
Russia–Slovenia relations
11038704
consistent rise in the Oil price ensured steady profits from the investment. The merger proposal with Statoil was announced in December 2006. Under the rules of the EEA the merger was approved by the European Union on May 3, 2007 and by the Norwegian Parliament on June 8, 2007. The Norwegian Government, the biggest shareholder in both Statoil and Norsk Hydro, holds 62.5% of the company. Jens Stoltenberg, the Prime Minister of Norway commented that he views the merger as "the start of a new era. We are creating a global energy company and strengthening Norway’s oil and gas industry."
Hydro Oil & Gas
5844627
flaring at many oil and gas production sites protects against the dangers of over-pressuring industrial plant equipment. When petroleum crude oil is extracted and produced from onshore or offshore oil wells, raw natural gas associated with the oil is brought to the surface as well. Especially in areas of the world lacking pipelines and other gas transportation infrastructure, vast amounts of such associated gas are commonly flared as waste or unusable gas. The flaring of associated gas may occur at the top of a vertical flare stack (as in the adjacent photo) or it may occur in a ground-level flare
Gas flare
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by Alexi Olcheski of Avison Young published in August 2015, vacancy rates rose to 11.5 per cent in the second quarter of 2015 from 8.3 per cent in 2014. Oil and gas company office spaces in downtown Calgary are subleasing 40 per cent of their overall vacancies. H&R Real Estate Investment Trust, which owns the 58-storey, 158,000-square-metre Bow Tower, claims the building was fully leased. Tenants such as Suncor "have been letting staff and contractors go in response to the downturn". Calgary was designated as one of the cultural capitals of Canada in 2012. While many Calgarians continue to live
Calgary
7367865
the desired effect of accelerating the development of the oil sands industry. "A revised Alberta Royalty Regime was implemented in January 1, 2009. through which each oil sands project pays a gross revenue royalty rate of 1% (Oil and Gas Fiscal Regimes 2011:30). Oil and Gas Fiscal Regimes 2011 summarizes the petroleum fiscal regimes for the western provinces and territories. The Oil and Gas Fiscal Regimes described how royalty payments were calculated: When the price of oil per barrel is less than or equal to $55/bbl indexed against West Texas Intermediate (WTI) (Oil and Gas Fiscal Regimes 2011:30)(Indexed to the
Alberta Energy
1418867
by pipeline or to a floating platform or tanker loading facility, or both. Elements in the oil/gas production process include wellhead, production manifold, production separator, glycol process to dry gas, gas compressors, water injection pumps, oil/gas export metering and main oil line pumps. Larger platforms assisted by smaller ESVs (emergency support vessels) like the British Iolair that are summoned when something has gone wrong, "e.g." when a search and rescue operation is required. During normal operations, PSVs (platform supply vessels) keep the platforms provisioned and supplied, and AHTS vessels can also supply them, as well as tow them to location
Oil platform
9726490
Hugoton Gas Field Hugoton Gas Field is a large natural gas field in the U.S. states of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Its name is derived from the town of Hugoton, Kansas, near which the Hugoton Field was first discovered. Natural gas in the Hugoton area was first discovered in 1922 in the Boles #1 well, in Seward County, two miles west of Liberal. The well was drilled in 1919 to a depth of 2,919 feet by the Defenders Petroleum and Traders Oil and Gas Company, but was shut in for three years because it did not find oil. In 1922
Hugoton Gas Field
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Ruston gas turbine of 3.3 MW each, and three MAN diesel driven generators 4.2 MW each. These were operated such that when fuel gas was available from production operations, the gas turbine generators generate electrical power. When fuel gas was unavailable, the diesel driven generators provided the power, supplemented by the gas turbine driven generators operating on diesel oil. "Seillean" had the following production facilities: The crude oil was pumped from the process plant to six cargo oil tanks. During the 1998 upgrade, an offtake reel system was installed which allows to ship discharge of cargo to a dynamically positioned
FPSO Noble Seillean
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act of parliament in 1821, when the name proprietors were John, Philip and Edward Taylor with Thomas Martineau; but had run into questionable financial circumstances by 1823. Moses Ricardo, brother of David Ricardo, was involved in the oil-gas company as director; he also wrote as a publicist for oil-gas. In 1822 Taylor went to Paris in the hope of introducing oil-gas, but found that coal-gas had forestalled it. Oil-gas enjoyed an advantage in whaling ports, where it could be based on whale oil. Sir Walter Scott was an early adopter, for Abbotsford, and became one of the Edinburgh promoters of
Philip Taylor (civil engineer)
3339667
was later also used for cooking, refrigeration, and heating homes and water. It was also called city gas to distinguish it from natural gas. The gas was made from coal up to 1937 when the high cost of operating the old coke oven and coal-gas generating sets forced a change-over to oil. A pair of oil-to-gas generators was built in 1937 and the old coal-gas facilities were disassembled. In 1946-47, two more oil gas generator pairs were constructed to keep up with demand for gas. Since by-products from gas manufacturing had strong markets of their own, new equipment was installed
Gas Works Park
3418607
its energy efficiency and developing renewable energies. Total is also member of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) which is a CEO-led initiative which aims to show sector leadership in the response to climate change. OGCI is made up of ten oil and gas companies that collaborate on action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In November 2016, the OGCI announced the launch of a 1 billion dollar climate investment fund to invest in cutting the climate change impact of fossil fuels. The fund will support start-ups and help develop and demonstrate innovative technologies that have the potential to reduce
Total S.A.
6729264
Rhum gasfield The gRhum Gas Field () is located north-east of Aberdeen in 109 metres (350 ft) of water. Gas production and export began on 20 December 2005. Development of the Rhum project was circa £350 million. Prior to the start of production, Rhum was the largest remaining undeveloped gas reservoir in the UK Continental Shelf. The partners in the Rhum field are BP (Operator) 50% and Iranian Oil Company (U.K.) Limited (A subsidiary of the National Iranian Oil Company) 50%. The Rhum field is a high-temperature, high-pressure reservoir, experiencing down-hole temperatures of 150 °C and pressures of 12,700 psi.
Rhum gasfield