who is credited with discovering how to transmit sound without the use of wires
Amos Dolbear
451495
conduction came in Amos Dolbear's 1879 magneto electric telephone that used ground conduction to transmit over a distance of a quarter of a mile. In the 1890s inventor Nikola Tesla worked on an air and ground conduction wireless electric power transmission system, similar to Loomis', which he planned to include wireless telegraphy. Tesla's experiments had led him to incorrectly conclude that he could use the entire globe of the Earth to conduct electrical energy and his 1901 large scale application of his ideas, a high-voltage wireless power station, now called Wardenclyffe Tower, lost funding and was abandoned after a few
Wireless telegraphy
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device. The X refers to the fact that transmit wires on an MDI device must be connected to receive wires on an MDI-X device. Straight through cables connect pins 1 and 2 (transmit) on an MDI device to pins 1 and 2 (receive) on an MDI-X device. Similarly, pins 3 and 6 are receive pins on an MDI device and transmit pins on an MDI-X device. The general convention is for network hubs, bridges and switches to use the MDI-X configuration, while all other nodes such as personal computers, workstations, servers and routers use an MDI interface. Some routers and
Medium-dependent interface
12897516
is turned off or fully charged. Power can be transferred at up to 98 percent efficiency. eCoupled is designed to provide wireless power transfer for products ranging from low-power devices such as cell phones and media players to laptop computers and power tools. Fulton Innovation has over 220 patents filed and pending on the eCoupled system. eCoupled technology is not the first system developed to transmit energy wirelessly. Transformers use inductively coupled circuits to transmit electrical energy. Energy transmission without wires was pioneered by researchers such as Nikola Tesla, Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, and Guglielmo Marconi. eCoupled was developed by researchers
ECoupled
451493
circuit or "loop". In 1837, however, Carl August von Steinheil of Munich, Germany, found that by connecting one leg of the apparatus at each station to metal plates buried in the ground, he could eliminate one wire and use a single wire for telegraphic communication. This led to speculation that it might be possible to eliminate both wires and therefore transmit telegraph signals through the ground without any wires connecting the stations. Other attempts were made to send the electric current through bodies of water, in order to span rivers, for example. Prominent experimenters along these lines included Samuel F.
Wireless telegraphy
15216343
Lee Salk Lee Salk (December 22, 1926 - May 2, 1992) was a child psychologist and author who is credited with discovering the calming effect the sound of a heartbeat has on infants. During the last third of his life, Dr. Salk made a great deal of public appearances on various television shows and lecture halls. He used these venues to dispense advice on how to rear children, especially infants. Salk was the younger son of Russian Jewish immigrants, Dora (Press) and Daniel Salk. He was born and reared in New York. Jonas Salk, inventor of the polio vaccine, was
Lee Salk
20891480
on camera with how to film and not affect Honnold’s climb. According to Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi, the key to solving this problem was in the extended preparation. One of the hardest problems was getting sound from Honnold, who often was too far from the camera to use wireless mics. Meanwhile, the wiring of the mic couldn’t interfere with his climbing, and any recorder on his body would need to withstand the rigors of climbing. To solve the problem, they turned to production sound recordist Jim Hurst, who was a climber himself. He utilized a recorder that could transmit a signal
Free Solo
9066452
Acoustic transmission Acoustic transmission is the transmission of sounds through and between materials, including air, wall, and musical instruments. The degree to which sound is transferred between two materials depends on how well their acoustical impedances match. Musical instruments are generally designed to radiate sound effectively. A high-impedance part of the instrument, such as a string, transmits vibrations through a bridge (intermediate impedance) to a sound board (lower impedance). The soundboard then moves the still lower-impedance air. Without bridge and soundboard, the instrument does not transmit enough sound to the air, and is too quiet to be performed with. An
Acoustic transmission
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number for 500 ("D"). The D-PHY uses differential signaling to convey PHY symbols over micro-stripline wiring. A second differential signal pair is used to transmit the associated clock signal from the source to the destination. The D-PHY technology thus uses a total of 2 clock wires per direction plus 2 signal wires per lane and per direction. For example, a D-PHY might use 2 wires for the clock and 4 wires (2 lanes) for the data in the forward direction, but 2 wires for the clock and 6 wires (3 lanes) for the data in the reverse direction. Data traffic
UniPro protocol stack
4182166
information, while the German LZB system makes use of auxiliary wires strung down the centre of the track to continually transmit the signalling information. Transponder based systems make use of fixed antenna loops or beacons (called balises) that transmit datagrams or other information to a train as it passes overhead. While similar to intermittent inductive systems, transponder based cab signalling transmit more information and can also receive information from the train to aid traffic management. The low cost of loops and beacons allows for a larger number of information points that may have been possible with older systems as well
Cab signalling
9159039
cable anchored to the ground; the radial wires can also support the mast as guy wires. The radial wires make the antenna look like the frame of a giant umbrella – without the cloth – hence the name. Umbrella antennas were invented during the wireless telegraphy era, about 1900 to 1920, and used with spark-gap transmitters on longwave bands to transmit information by Morse code. Small umbrella antennas were widely used with portable transmitters by military signal corps during World War I, since there was no possibility of setting up full-sized quarter-wave antennas. Umbrella antennas were used at most OMEGA
Umbrella antenna
15083948
use of planet Earth as a conducting medium to overcome this limitation. By the end of 1895, he made statements to the press about the possibility that ""Earth's electrical charge can be disturbed, and thereby electrical waves can be efficiently transmitted to any distance without the use of cables or wires"", and that the electrical waves can be used to transmit ""intelligible signals"" and ""motive power"." On April 11, 1896, he stated that ""messages might be conducted to all parts of the globe simultaneously"" using electric waves ""propagated through the atmosphere and even the ether beyond"." In September 1897 he
World Wireless System
302669
Commercial Club in Chicago, while he was travelling to Colorado Springs, on 13 May 1899. From the 1890s through 1906, Tesla spent a great deal of his time and fortune on a series of projects trying to develop the transmission of electrical power without wires. It was an expansion of his idea of using coils to transmit power that he had been demonstrating in wireless lighting. He saw this as not only a way to transmit large amounts of power around the world but also, as he had pointed out in his earlier lectures, a way to transmit worldwide communications.
Nikola Tesla
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cellphone charging pads. It is now understood that inductive and capacitive coupling are "near-field" effects, so they cannot be used for long-distance transmission. However, Tesla was obsessed with developing a long range wireless power transmission system which could transmit power from power plants directly into homes and factories without wires, described in a visionary June 1900 article in "Century Magazine"; "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy". He claimed to be able to transmit power on a "worldwide" scale, using a method that involved conduction through the Earth and atmosphere. Tesla believed that the entire Earth could act as an electrical
History of the Tesla coil
14814521
created the "Stardust" sound sculpture. The "Stardust" was a small, round object made out of stainless steel that made a light, tinkling sound when shaken. Earlier Marxhausen sound sculptures had wires sticking out of doorknobs that could be manipulated to make tones. The wires were a safety concern for public use. In 1980, while creating pieces for an art show, Reinhold decided to try to make a sculpture that incorporated the wires inside the doorknob that could be triggered by other loose wires. He soon synthesized it to be smaller and look more like a small rock. With a small,
Reinhold Marxhausen
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has worked with officially recorded or registered names of people, objects, and monuments that are lost or have disappeared without a trace, only to get listed as anonymous and forgotten statistics. In her works made with electrical cables, wires usually serving as conduits of contact that transmit ideas and information, become painstakingly woven entanglements that morph into barbed wires like barriers. Her ongoing series using salt as a medium explores the tenuous yet intrinsic relationship between the body and the oceans, highlighting the fragility and unpredictability of existence She has widely exhibited across the world in venues such as Museum
Reena Saini Kallat
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use of steel guitar and her twangy vocals, while still featuring some pop-influenced instrumentation to provide urban pop appeal. Critics have largely praised Smith's use of the steel guitar, which have often been described as "sharp" and "prominent". Her steel guitar player Weldon Myrick is often credited with creating what Smith has called "The Connie Smith Sound". In an interview with Colin Escott in his book "Born to Sing", Myrick recalls how Smith's producer (Bob Ferguson) wanted the guitar to sound, "He came out and said he wanted a bright sound, and he adjusted my controls. I thought it was
Connie Smith
7459123
Frank Guida Frank Guida (May 26, 1922 – May 19, 2007) was a Sicilian-American songwriter and music producer credited with discovering Gary U.S. Bonds, whose hits, including "New Orleans" and "Quarter to Three", he produced. He was also a songwriter for Leroy Toombs. Other performers discovered by Guida include Jimmy Soul, Tommy Facenda (who gave Guida his first hit with "High School U.S.A."), Lenis Guess and Pamala Stanley. The distinct sound he helped to create has been credited as influencing such major songwriters and producers as Bruce Springsteen and Phil Spector. Together with musicians like the tenor saxman Gene "Daddy
Frank Guida
7459127
in Norfolk, Virginia, in 2007. Frank Guida Frank Guida (May 26, 1922 – May 19, 2007) was a Sicilian-American songwriter and music producer credited with discovering Gary U.S. Bonds, whose hits, including "New Orleans" and "Quarter to Three", he produced. He was also a songwriter for Leroy Toombs. Other performers discovered by Guida include Jimmy Soul, Tommy Facenda (who gave Guida his first hit with "High School U.S.A."), Lenis Guess and Pamala Stanley. The distinct sound he helped to create has been credited as influencing such major songwriters and producers as Bruce Springsteen and Phil Spector. Together with musicians like
Frank Guida
15535941
distance from the acoustic center of the transducer. If the distance from the transducer to the reflector is known, and the time taken from the transmit to the receive pulse is known, then the speed of sound in water can be calculated. Transducers used in sound velocity probes are typically of a high frequency (around 1 - 4 MHz) as the transmit and receive distances are close enough to mitigate any significant absorption losses. Sound velocity probe "Note: This page refers to the device used to measure the speed of sound in water for use in hydrography" A sound velocity
Sound velocity probe
6189386
the antenna. One source says that a single ground wire can provide antenna gain in the 3–6 dB range. Another source indicates 2 dB for a single wire and nearly 4 dB for multiple ground wires. Ground wires are more necessary when using lower dipoles over poor soils as without them considerable energy goes into heating the ground. Depending on the specific requirements, various antennas (i.e. Sloper, T2FD, Dipole) can be used for NVIS communication, with horizontal dipoles or inverted V dipoles at about 0.2 wavelengths above ground giving the best results on transmit and at about 0.16 wavelengths on
Near vertical incidence skywave
6966563
is asserted by the sender component, and the receiver responds by asserting the acknowledge; then both signals are de-asserted in turn. In a '2-phase handshaking protocol' (or transition-signalling), the requester simply toggles the value on the request wire (once), and the receiver responds by toggling the value on the acknowledge wire. Channels can also be extended to communicate data. Asynchronous datapaths are typically encoded using several schemes. Robust schemes use two wires or 'rails' for each bit, called 'dual-rail encoding'. In this case, first rail is asserted to transmit a 0 value, or the second rail is asserted to transmit
Asynchronous system
2743882
as one Asian country) have implemented NICAM with the PAL and SECAM TV systems Some Asia-Pacific nations have implemented NICAM Some other countries use Zweikanalton analogue stereo instead. Analogue stereo conversion thus begins. In order to provide mono "compatibility", the NICAM signal is transmitted on a subcarrier alongside the sound carrier. This means that the FM regular mono sound carrier is left alone for reception by monaural receivers. A NICAM-based stereo-TV infrastructure can transmit a stereo TV programme as well as the mono "compatibility" sound at the same time, or can transmit two or three entirely different sound streams. This
NICAM
9460099
pastry blender. One is to work the fat into the flour with the fingertips, though this requires having a good "touch" and knowing just how lightly to work the fat into the flour without melting it. Another is to use two table knives like a pair of scissors, one knife in each hand. A third is to use a food processor. Pastry blender A pastry blender is a cooking utensil used to mix a hard (solid) fat into flour in order to make pastries. The tool is usually made of narrow metal strips or wires attached to a handle, and
Pastry blender
5307695
limited because there is no amplification of the signal. A sound-powered telephone circuit can be as simple as two handsets connected together with a pair of wires, which is defined as the "talk" portion of the circuit. Talk circuits can be realized over a pair of wires that are 50 km (30 miles) long. More complex circuits include magnetos, selector switches and bells to allow one user to select and call another, which is defined as the "calling" portion of the circuit. The voice communication ("talk") circuit is completely separate from the "call" circuit, allowing communication to take place without
Sound-powered telephone
20989336
to air, but has the useful property of being thermoplastic. It can be moulded to a new shape after boiling in water and will reharden when cool. It is credited with being the first plastic available to manufacturing industry. Montgomerie is sometimes credited with discovering the substance. He is certainly responsible for it coming into widespread use, but it had in fact been known for some time by a few natives who used it to make handles for parangs (Malayan machetes). However, it was not widely known, even amongst native Malays. Montgomerie says that most people he showed it to
William Montgomerie
18773413
not the proper name to give the wonderful discovery of recent years, rather it should be called Hertzean [sic] wave telegraphy, or space telegraphy, because it was absolutely necessary that they should have wires to transmit and receive the messages ... The lecturer at this stage proceeded to give practical illustrations of the working of the discovery by means of instruments placed upon the platform. Sparks were transmitted from one instrument to another without any intervening wires, and a bell on one instrument was rung by the despatch of electrical waves from the other instrument, an exhibition that was received
History of broadcasting in Australia
1557669
such as the examples listed in the previous paragraph, from those that require wires or cables. This became its primary usage in the 2000s, due to the advent of technologies such as mobile broadband, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Wireless operations permit services, such as long-range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls, etc.) which use some form of energy (e.g. radio waves, acoustic energy,) to transfer information without the use of wires. Information is
Wireless
12455290
techniques he produced harmonics, giving the steelpan its complex sound. By discovering and establishing this harmonic tuning method he is singularly responsible for the sound of today's frontline steelband instruments, brightening the overall sound in the process. Marshall is also credited with inventing the Double Tenor instrument and for being the first person to amplify the Steelpan. He developed the "Quadrophonics", "Six Pan" and "Twelve Bass" together with Rudolph Charles of Desperadoes Steel Orchestra from Laventille. Marshall has been building and tuning instruments for Desperadoes since 1970. Marshall was part of a project of the Caribbean Industrial Research Institute in
Bertie Marshall
2544135
which consists of 2 songs composed by him and the short track "Saikai" written by the band. Kami was never replaced; from that point on, Malice Mizer would only use support drummers (namely ex-Aion member Shu, who is not shown in the band's later promotional material, nor credited) and Kami would be credited as "eternal blood relative" on all their future releases. Possibly due to Kami's death and other factors, the band shifted to a "darker" image and sound. In the second half of 1999 and the beginning of 2000, Malice Mizer, still without an official vocalist, released a number
Malice Mizer
521264
Telephony Telephony ( ) is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunication services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties. The history of telephony is intimately linked to the invention and development of the telephone. Telephony is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones and telephonic systems and as a system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or other sound between points, with or without the use of wires. The term is also used frequently to refer to
Telephony
8537465
involves the use of tachyons to transmit a message of salvation back in time. Likewise, John Carpenter's horror film "Prince of Darkness" uses tachyons to explain how future humans send messages backward through time to warn the characters of their impending doom. By contrast, Alan Moore's classic comic book limited series "Watchmen" features a character who uses "a squall of tachyons" broadcasting from space to muddle the mind of the only person on Earth capable of seeing the future. The word "tachyon" has become widely recognized to such an extent that it can impart a science-fictional "sound" even if the
Tachyons in fiction
371964
a simple diameter, deep snare typical of Samba played in Southern Brasil. Made from aluminum or steel with the snare wires on top, it can be played from a sling or "encima" – on the shoulder to project the sound. Snare drum A snare drum or side drum is a percussion instrument that produces a sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick, due to the use of a series of stiff wires held under tension against the lower skin. Snare drums are often used in orchestras, concert bands, marching bands, parades, drumlines, drum corps, and
Snare drum
13392246
for completion by 1912 but Allward, aided by his studio assistant Emanuel Hahn did not finish it until five years later. The Governor General of Canada, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, unveiled the memorial on 24 October 1917. Allward designed the monument to symbolize the telephone's ability to overcome great distances. A series of steps lead to the main section where the floating allegorical figure of "Inspiration" appears over a reclining male figure representing "Man, transmitting sound through space", discovering his power to transmit sound through space, and also pointing to three floating figures, the messengers of "Knowledge", "Joy",
Bell Memorial
9193710
AWG (American Wire Gage) or 1 millimeter was ideal for audio frequencies because there was minimal high frequency attenuation caused by the principles known as skin effect. Matthew Bond's work was corroborated by research work from the NBS or National Bureau of Standards in the 1930s and confirmed later by Stereophile Magazine in July 1988 in a table presented as the DC to AC resistance ratio versus frequency, in wires of different diameters. Matthew Bond is credited with the invention of solid-core wires for audio use, because his work predates Dennis Morecroft (1984) and any of the early solid-core wires
Tara Labs
1372319
pathway or medium. These pathways, called communication channels, use two types of media: cable (twisted-pair wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable) and broadcast (microwave, satellite, radio, and infrared). Cable or wire line media use physical wires of cables to transmit data and information. Twisted-pair wire and coaxial cables are made of copper, and fiber-optic cable is made of glass. In information theory, a channel refers to a theoretical "channel model" with certain error characteristics. In this more general view, a storage device is also a kind of channel, which can be sent to (written) and received from (reading ). Examples of
Communication channel
17500990
need of extra wires. Strings of solar PV panels form entire data network over the high voltage powerline. Saving wires in aerospace applications is obvious. The DC-BUS was used in the European SCARLETT project for harness reduction purposes. Harness of white goods products can be reduced significantly by use of AC/DC-BUS between its modules. The new architecture use only two 24 V DC wires and two 110/220 V AC wires connecting all modules within the white goods products. Yamar’s semiconductors use these lines for data communication over noisy power lines; activating loads and reading sensors without need for extra wires.
DC-BUS
19456008
the rooftop is fictitious. The music in the film is composed by Shinji Orito, Donmaru and Tomohiro Takeshita; Magome Togoshi is credited for his work on the music of the original visual novel. Sound and music direction was headed by Tsuda and Takayuki Yamaguchi. Tsuda decided on what kind of music to order from the composers while discussing it with Yamaguchi, and Tsuda started to think about how to use the music in specific scenes when he was drawing up the storyboard. Tsuda found it very helpful to have direct interaction with Orito who would come to him with various
Planetarian: Storyteller of the Stars
10545305
particular device consists of a cantilever beam with a magnet attached to the end. The beam moves up and down as the device is subjected to vibrations from surrounding sources. This device allows sensors in hard to access locations to be powered without electrical wires or batteries that need to be replaced. Sensors in inaccessible places can now generate their own power and transmit data to outside receivers. The generator was developed to be used in air compressors, and is able to power things in high vibration environments like sensors on machinery in manufacturing plants, or sensors that monitor the
Vibration-powered generator
1557668
and headsets, headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and cordless telephones. Somewhat less common methods of achieving wireless communications include the use of other electromagnetic wireless technologies, such as light, magnetic, or electric fields or the use of sound. The term "wireless" has been used twice in communications history, with slightly different meaning. It was initially used from about 1890 for the first radio transmitting and receiving technology, as in "wireless telegraphy", until the new word "radio" replaced it around 1920. The term was revived in the 1980s and 1990s mainly to distinguish digital devices that communicate without wires,
Wireless
12652292
tire pressure monitoring system currently in use. These are known as 'high line' and 'low line'. If the vehicle is fitted with low frequency (LF) transmitters near each wheel, the vehicle may use these to force the sensors to transmit. In this case, the TPM may not transmit on its own, but the vehicle will periodically command the sensors to send their information. In addition, the TPMs will be forced to transmit when the ignition is switched on. This will give an early indication of low pressure without having to have the vehicle's receiver switched on when the vehicle is
Direct TPMS
2722012
technology became available, and is still in common use for surface-supplied divers using lightweight demand helmets and full-face masks. The introduction of closed circuit video to monitor the interior of diving bells, and to provide the supervisory team with direct feedback on the diver's work activities has expanded the capacity to provide useful advice to the working diver, and to keep track of the stand-by diver or 's activity in an emergency, making coordinated activity easier and more effective. More recently, through-water systems have been developed which do not use wires to transmit the signal. They were first developed for
Diver communications
2722010
speaking tube system, patented by Louis Denayrouze in 1874, was tried; this used a second hose with a diaphragm sealing each end to transmit sound, but it was not very successful. A small number were made by Seibe-Gorman, but the telephone system was introduced soon after this and since it worked better and was safer, the speaking tube was soon obsolete, and most helmets which had them were returned to the factory and converted. In the early 20th century electrical telephone systems were developed which improved the quality of voice communication. These used wires incorporated into the lifeline or air
Diver communications
20208998
Paul Kyser Paul Kyser is a promoter, record label owner, songwriter, producer and arranger. Along with Leon Stuckey he co-wrote "Just How Sweet Is Your Love" for Rhyze, which appears on the "" compilation album. He co-wrote "Be My #2" which appears on the R. Kelly "Untitled" album. He is also credited with discovering the group Jimmy Briscoe & The Little Beavers. Kyser is responsible for singer Retta Young meeting her future husband Al Goodman who would be notable for his involvement with the groups Moments, and Ray, Goodman & Brown. According to the May 8, 1971 issue of "Billboard",
Paul Kyser
9457126
carried by them to a usable form. It is used with an antenna. The information produced by the receiver may be in the form of sound (an audio signal), images (a video signal) or digital data. Wired communications make use of underground communications cables (less often, overhead lines), electronic signal amplifiers (repeaters) inserted into connecting cables at specified points, and terminal apparatus of various types, depending on the type of wired communications used. Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors. Wireless operations permit services, such
Telecommunications engineering
7121981
radio frequency (RF) of the television channel is selected by a receiver from within a band of transmitted RF signals. The tuner usually performs the function of frequency-agile selection, along with rejection of unwanted out-of-band signals. Demodulation means transforming the signal from the tuner into a usable signal that a TV set can use to produce images and sound without further consideration for the frequency at which it was transmitted. It is separation of a standard baseband signal from the RF carrier that was used to transmit it through the air (or down a coaxial cable or other long-distance medium.)
ATSC tuner
20209002
It operated from 1977 - 1978. Paul Kyser Paul Kyser is a promoter, record label owner, songwriter, producer and arranger. Along with Leon Stuckey he co-wrote "Just How Sweet Is Your Love" for Rhyze, which appears on the "" compilation album. He co-wrote "Be My #2" which appears on the R. Kelly "Untitled" album. He is also credited with discovering the group Jimmy Briscoe & The Little Beavers. Kyser is responsible for singer Retta Young meeting her future husband Al Goodman who would be notable for his involvement with the groups Moments, and Ray, Goodman & Brown. According to the
Paul Kyser
402896
1907, when it was still "...a theoretical system to transmit moving images over telegraph or telephone wires". It was "...formed in English or borrowed from French télévision." In the 19th century and early 20th century, other "...proposals for the name of a then-hypothetical technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote (1880) and televista (1904)." The abbreviation "TV" is from 1948. The use of the term to mean "a television set" dates from 1941. The use of the term to mean "television as a medium" dates from 1927. The slang term "telly" is more common in the UK. The slang
Television
1293912
Les Paul Lester William Polsfuss (June 9, 1915 – August 12, 2009), known as Les Paul, was an American jazz, country, and blues guitarist, songwriter, luthier, and inventor. He was one of the pioneers of the solid-body electric guitar. Paul taught himself how to play guitar, and while he is mainly known for jazz and popular music, he had an early career in country music. He is credited with many recording innovations. Although he was not the first to use the technique, his early experiments with overdubbing (also known as sound on sound), delay effects such as tape delay, phasing
Les Paul
12970783
bit to signal whether this is a control token, and then finally a return-to-zero bit that returns the wires to zero (after nine transitions one wire will be high). On a five-wire system there are four data wires (0, 1, 2, and 3). A transition on 0 signals '00', a transition on 1 signals '01', etc. A sequence of four transitions transmits eight data bits. The fifth wire is an escape wire and is used to transmit the control tokens. Unlike the two-wire system any even number of wires can be high after a token, and the wires only return
XSwitch
20605136
the technical aspects are regrettable, but the soundtrack and the sound can be shameful. In addition to the invariable songs that accompany the heroes in the story, the audience has yet to witness the constant use of 'toin' BGs and such 'grace-making' stuff in the story. It even seems that the technical team is doing one of those pictures of the children's program of Xuxa, without the slightest responsibility of having a cinematic posture." A critic of "Cineclick", compared "Sonho de Menina", with the previous film of Xuxa, "Lua de Cristal" (1989), for having as an intention to transmit to
Xuxa em Sonho de Menina
13646353
Unknown Component Unknown Component is the music project of Keith Lynch. The project is currently based out of central Iowa and features Lynch on guitars, vocals, piano and drums. Lynch is a musician and a producer who plays every instrument on all of the Unknown Component recordings. He is also credited with recording and mixing every album in his own independent studio. Born in West Branch, Iowa, he later moved to Tipton, Iowa around the age of 8. At 16, he taught himself how to play guitar after discovering an old, acoustic guitar in the attic of his home in
Unknown Component
13646355
Definitive' received a Silver award at the 2012 ADDY Awards. Unknown Component Unknown Component is the music project of Keith Lynch. The project is currently based out of central Iowa and features Lynch on guitars, vocals, piano and drums. Lynch is a musician and a producer who plays every instrument on all of the Unknown Component recordings. He is also credited with recording and mixing every album in his own independent studio. Born in West Branch, Iowa, he later moved to Tipton, Iowa around the age of 8. At 16, he taught himself how to play guitar after discovering an
Unknown Component
6483189
flaws in chain links or solid steel bars can lead to catastrophic failure, flaws in the wires making up a steel cable are less critical as the other wires easily take up the load. While friction between the individual wires and strands causes wear over the life of the rope, it also helps to compensate for minor failures in the short run. Wire ropes were developed starting with mining hoist applications in the 1830s. Wire ropes are used dynamically for lifting and hoisting in cranes and elevators, and for transmission of mechanical power. Wire rope is also used to transmit
Wire rope
11454243
them without hassle. However, his goals get more complicated when food spontaneously begins shooting from his hands at inconvenient times. Chaos usually ensues. After discovering that he has this "gift" (which only a few people possess), Ezra starts to use it to improve his status at school. Ezra's friends Shelby (Brittany Curran), Joel (Kunal Sharma) and Dylan (Jeff Braine) also start to get more popular. But as this new superpower begins to take over his life, Ezra has to learn how best to use it. He eventually is forced to decide if he agrees with his grandmother (Joyce Cohen) in
The Adventures of Food Boy
17275359
modern use, along with microstrip, suspended stripline, and coplanar waveguide*. All four of these types consist of a pair of conductors (although in three of them, the return conductor is through the ground plane). Consequently, they have a dominant mode of transmission (the mode is the field pattern of the electromagnetic wave) that is identical, or near-identical, to the mode found in a pair of wires. Other planar types, such as slotline, finline, and imageline, transmit along a strip of dielectric, and substrate integrated waveguide forms a dielectric waveguide within the substrate with rows of posts. These types cannot support
Planar transmission line
9107709
American" article described two different inventions. The first used an array of selenium photocells and wires to transmit an image to an array of light, which were then used to expose a piece of photographic paper. The photograph could then be developed to create a single image. The second invention used a large array of photocells and wires to transmit the signal to a visual display made of many individual lights. Although this approach should work in theory, each individual pixel requires its own photocell and wired circuit, making this system cumbersome and expensive for producing even a modest size
George R. Carey
3343355
Ethan Kandler, Meredith Howard, and most recently with John Gross. Cooney is also credited with discovering more than 50 variable stars. Walter R. Cooney Jr. Walter R. Cooney Jr. is an American chemical engineer, amateur astronomer and discoverer of minor planets and variable stars. Cooney, who is affiliated with the Highland Road Park Observatory, is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovered of 47 numbered minor planets during 1998–2005, such as his lowest numbered identification 11739 Baton Rouge, a Hildian asteroid named after the city of Baton Rouge where the discovering observatory is located. Many of his minor
Walter R. Cooney Jr.
16170272
WiDi Wireless Display (WiDi) was technology developed by Intel that enabled users to stream music, movies, photos, videos and apps without wires from a compatible computer to a compatible HDTV or through the use of an adapter with other HDTVs or monitors. Intel WiDi supported HD 1080p video quality, 5.1 surround sound, and low latency for interacting with applications sent to the TV from a PC. Using the Intel WiDi Widget users could perform different functions simultaneously on their PC and TV such as checking email on the PC while streaming a movie to the TV from the same device.
WiDi
17401999
digitally superimposed onto Loren Peta, who was coached by Young on how to recreate her performance from the first film. The voice of the replicant was created with the use of a sound-alike actress to Young. Young was credited for her work. On March 3, 2011, it was reported that Alcon Entertainment, a production company financed by Warner Bros., was "in final discussions to secure film, television and ancillary franchise rights to produce prequels and sequels to the iconic 1982 science-fiction thriller "Blade Runner"." The rights were being acquired from Bud Yorkin, who served as executive producer on the original
Blade Runner 2049
10137755
Multi-gigabit transceiver A Multi-Gigabit Transceiver (MGT) is a SerDes capable of operating at serial bit rates above 1 Gigabit/second. MGTs are used increasingly for data communications because they can run over longer distances, use fewer wires, and thus have lower costs than parallel interfaces with equivalent data throughput. Like other SerDes, the primary function of the MGT is to transmit parallel data as stream of serial bits, and convert the serial bits it receives to parallel data. The most basic performance metric of an MGT is its serial bit rate, or line rate, which is the number of serial bits
Multi-gigabit transceiver
2722022
and the preferred mode of many divers. It transmits only when the button is pressed, and saves power by not transmitting when the diver has nothing to say, but requires the diver to use a hand to transmit. Users take turns to speak and listen. This is normal communications protocol, and encourages clear communication, but does not allow audio monitoring of the diver between communications. Voice activated means that the unit is intended to transmit when the diver's voice activates the microphone. If there is sufficient sound level generated at the microphone, the unit will transmit. This would run the
Diver communications
13570685
credited with discovering the physical laws of musical sound through his observations that the ratio of mass - as in a vibrating string length sounding an interval - of a fifth is 2:3, that of an octave is 1:2, and that of the fourth is 3:4. Thus, he proved that there is a correlation between the vibrations of sound and the physical world, such as that of numbers and proportion. (See Music and mathematics.) Incorporated in February 2002, the Music of the Spheres Society is a non-profit, 501 c(3) organization. Music of the Spheres Society Inspired by the Neoplatonic academies
Music of the Spheres Society
14126151
the universal laws of light articulated by seventeenth century scientists by hundreds of years. In the seventeenth century both Willebrord Snellius and Descartes were credited with discovering the law of refraction. It was Snellius who noted that Ptolemy's equation for refraction was inexact. Consequently, these laws have been passed along, unchanged for about 400 years, like the laws of gravity. Electromagnetic radiation and matter have a symbiotic relationship. Radiation does not simply act on a material, nor is it simply acted upon by a given material. Radiation interacts with matter. Cloaking applications which employ metamaterials alter how objects interact with
Metamaterial cloaking
396305
onto crops are even lighter and easier to build. Large solar power photovoltaic cell arrays or thermal power plants would be needed to meet the electrical power needs of the settlers' use. In developed parts of Earth, electrical consumption can average 1 kilowatt/person (or roughly 10 megawatt-hours per person per year.) These power plants could be at a short distance from the main structures if wires are used to transmit the power, or much farther away with wireless power transmission. A major export of the initial space settlement designs was anticipated to be large solar power satellites that would use
Space colonization
6354419
capable of being tamed to a surprising degree. Without knowledge of these facts, I should have regarded a hive permitting the removal of the combs as quite too dangerous for practical use." ("Langstroth on the Honey-Bee", 1860) Langstroth was popularly credited with discovering the "bee space," though this discovery had already been implemented in European hives. In Europe, both Jan Dzierżon and August von Berlepsch had been focused on side-opened hives. Land resources in Europe had been limited, and traditionally bees were kept in beehouses. The presently so-called “bee space” had been incorporated by Berlepsch following Dzierzon’s discoveries, from the
L. L. Langstroth
10137758
is too high (Jitter Tolerance). These measurements are commonly taken using a BERT, and analyzed using an Eye diagram. Some other metrics for MGTs include: MGTs are used in the implementation of the following serial protocols: Multi-gigabit transceiver A Multi-Gigabit Transceiver (MGT) is a SerDes capable of operating at serial bit rates above 1 Gigabit/second. MGTs are used increasingly for data communications because they can run over longer distances, use fewer wires, and thus have lower costs than parallel interfaces with equivalent data throughput. Like other SerDes, the primary function of the MGT is to transmit parallel data as stream
Multi-gigabit transceiver
9457127
as long-range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls etc.) which use some form of energy (e.g. radio waves, acoustic energy, etc.) to transfer information without the use of wires. Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances. A telecom equipment engineer is an electronics engineer that designs equipment such as routers, switches, multiplexers, and other specialized computer/electronics equipment designed to be used in the telecommunication network infrastructure. A
Telecommunications engineering
6146677
"zhongruan", the frets are made of a combination of plastic and copper, or wood and copper, with the metal part inlaid at the top of each fret. In combining two materials, the frets last without damaging from long-time practice. The circular sound box (共鳴箱) body is made of a combination of front board, back board and side board. There are two sound holes (音孔) on the front board to transmit sound. Some common shapes for the sound holds are circle, moon, S, and bird. At the lower part of the body, a bridge (琴碼) is placed to support the strings
Zhongruan
20606629
rod up or down he could adjust the capacitance in the circuit of the extra coil, tuning it to resonance with the rest of the circuit. In 1901, convinced his wireless theories were correct, Tesla with financing from banker J. P. Morgan began construction of a high-voltage wireless station, now called the Wardenclyffe Tower, at Shoreham, New York. Although it was built as a transatlantic radiotelegraphy station, Tesla also intended it to transmit electric power without wires as a prototype transmitter for his proposed "World Wireless System". Essentially an enormous Tesla coil, it consisted of a powerhouse with a 400-horsepower
History of the Tesla coil
18163402
in the Cathedral. Around 1931 Rosen painted Glazewski as the priest Ignacy Skorupca in his fresco "The Miracle at the Vistula" in the Pope's private chapel at Castello Gandolfo. Along with his theological studies, Glazewski studied physics and became conversant with the latest discoveries in Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. After discovering that he could use his hands to heal, sometimes over large distances, he set about formulating a field theory to explain how it worked. In "The Gravitational Wave" he speculates that gravity contains a scalar field analogous to sound. "The Music of Crystals, Plants and Human Beings" built on
Andrew Glazewski
451489
or just CW. However, its knowledge is not required to obtain any class of amateur license. Continuous wave (CW) radiotelegraphy is regulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as emission type A1A. Efforts to find a way to transmit telegraph signals without wires grew out of the success of electric telegraph networks, the first instant telecommunication systems. Developed beginning in the 1830s, a telegraph line was a person-to-person text message system consisting of multiple telegraph offices linked by an overhead wire supported on telegraph poles. To send a message, an operator at one office would tap on a switch called
Wireless telegraphy
5924463
century, and some terms date to this period, such as semaphores. These arose to address the question of how to handle multiple trains on the same railroad system (avoiding collisions and maximizing efficiency) and how to handle multiple transmissions over a given set of wires (improving efficiency), such as via time-division multiplexing (1870s). The academic study of concurrent algorithms started in the 1960s, with credited with being the first paper in this field, identifying and solving mutual exclusion. Concurrency is pervasive in computing, occurring from low-level hardware on a single chip to worldwide networks. Examples follow. At the programming language
Concurrent computing
7702805
his research career studying vision and visual processes. Much of his early work dealt with various visual illusions, and was done in collaboration with Joan. S. Girgus. They are credited with reopening the interest of psychologists in these visual phenomena, and pointing out how they shed light on basic visual processing. He is also credited with several breakthroughs in the study of what is known as subjective contours or illusory contours Later Coren and A. Ralph Hakstian developed methods for screening vision and hearing without the use of technical equipment, using behaviorally validated questionnaires. These allow group or survey testing
Stanley Coren
3069921
overhead wires in outer areas, but the Dubai vehicles are the first to employ APS for its entire passenger length (although they are still equipped with pantographs for use in the maintenance depot). Another option is to use on-board batteries to store electrical power, allowing brief periods of catenary-free operation without the need to install special infrastructure. The Citadis trams in Nice operate off a set of nickel metallic hydride batteries in two large open spaces where overhead wires would be an eyesore. This has since been superseded by a supercapacitor-based energy storage system (SRS) which is in use in
Alstom Citadis
4116483
where there are no wires. Where wires are present, the "strings" will rest on the taut wires without triggering the explosive, due to its light weight. It was used by U.S. troops in Iraq for this purpose. Another detection method is the use of green line lasers to illuminate and thus expose trip and command wires. The bright laser beam reflects off of the tripwire and can be seen by the user. Tripwire A tripwire is a passive triggering mechanism. Typically, a wire or cord is attached to some device for detecting or reacting to physical movement. Such tripwires may
Tripwire
421396
of each prong. The handle motion is small, so the user can hold the fork by the handle without damping the vibration, but the handle can still transmit the vibration to a resonator, which amplifies the sound of the fork. The user typically strikes the fork, and then presses the handle against a wooden box resonator, table top, edge of a musical instrument, or just behind their ear. If just held in open air, the sound of a tuning fork is very faint. The sound waves from each prong are 180° out of phase with the other, so at a
Tuning fork
5428424
to visually inspect trains for defects e.g. "hotboxes" (overheating bearings) would smoke or glow red. By the 1940s, automatic defect detectors included infrared sensors for hotboxes, wires outlining the clearance envelope to detect high and wide loads, and "brittle bars"frangible bars mounted between the railsto detect dragging equipment. The detectors would transmit their data via wired links to remote read-outs in stations, offices or interlocking towers, where a stylus-and-cylinder gauge would record a reading for every axle; a defect would register a sharp spike on the graph and an alarm would sound or a visible signal would be given to
Defect detector
1500751
Overhead line An overhead line or overhead wire is used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains. It is known variously as: In this article, the generic term "overhead line" is used, as used by the International Union of Railways. An overhead line is designed on the principle of one or more overhead wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regular intervals. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid. Electric trains that collect their current from overhead lines use
Overhead line
6331024
A vibrator with a steel spring over the head or in heavy frames of eyeglasses pressed towards the bone behind the ear has been used to bring sound to the inner ear. This has, however, several disadvantages, such as discomfort and pain due to the pressure needed. The sound quality is also impaired as much of the sound energy is lost in the soft tissue over the skull bone, particularly for the higher sound frequencies important for speech understanding in noise. Bone-anchored hearing aids use a surgically implanted abutment to transmit sound by direct conduction through bone to the inner
Bone-anchored hearing aid
7911792
priesthood in 1886 in Rome, and also conducted studies in the physical sciences. Landell began experiments in wireless communication in Campinas and São Paulo in the period 1893–1894. A biographical review recounted that he "...invented his apparatus in Porto Alegre, and as soon as he arrived in São Paulo in 1896, he began with preliminary experiments, to achieve his object — to transmit human voice to a distance of 8, 10 or 12 kilometers, without using any wires". (The three listed distances referred to the transmission ranges for his megaphone, optical photophone, and radio devices respectively.) A report reprinted in
Roberto Landell de Moura
13392263
been artistically laid out as a park, the entire area being named as the Bell Memorial Gardens. The model for" 'Man, discovering his power to transmit sound through space'," was Cyril William George Kinsella a wounded war veteran and a former resident of Brantford. Kinsella served as Allward's nude model representing Man after being severely injured in the European conflict. Born in the UK he had become one of approximately 100,000 disadvantaged British children and orphans, a "Home Child", sent to Canada and other Commonwealth countries to find better lives in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After arriving
Bell Memorial
16112143
X v Canada (Commissioner of Patents) X v Canada (Commissioner of Patents) is a decision by the Federal Court of Appeal concerning the utility requirement for patenting an invention in Canada. The patent application in issue was for a "death ray", more particularly, a device that creates a path of ionized air using a laser beam to transmit electrical energy without wires. The invention had not been constructed by the inventor because of the significant cost of doing so. The Commissioner of Patents refused the patent application on the ground that the death ray was "inoperable for the purpose for
X v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)
2787062
for using digital signal processing and in some cases may be exacerbated by the use of amplification. Conductive hearing losses, which do not involve damage to the cochlea, tend to be better treated by hearing aids; the hearing aid is able to sufficiently amplify sound to account for the attenuation caused by the conductive component. Once the sound is able to reach the cochlea at normal or near-normal levels, the cochlea and auditory nerve are able to transmit signals to the brain normally. Common issues with hearing aid fitting and use are the occlusion effect, loudness recruitment, and understanding speech
Hearing aid
525149
or other entity of data. In digital communications, parallel transmission is the simultaneous transmission of related signal elements over two or more separate paths. Multiple electrical wires are used which can transmit multiple bits simultaneously, which allows for higher data transfer rates than can be achieved with serial transmission. This method is used internally within the computer, for example the internal buses, and sometimes externally for such things as printers, The major issue with this is "skewing" because the wires in parallel data transmission have slightly different properties (not intentionally) so some bits may arrive before others, which may corrupt
Data transmission
12355687
ease of original music-making software." Sampling without permission breaches the copyright of the original sound recording, of the composition and lyrics, and of the performances, such as a guitar riff or rhythm. The moral rights of the original artist may also be breached if they are not credited or object to the sampling. In some cases, sampling may be protected under American fair use laws. The process of acquiring legal permission for a sample is known as clearance, which can be a lengthy and complex process. Richard Lewis Spencer, who owns the copyright for the widely sampled amen break, has
Sampling (music)
1513354
high-cube containers cannot pass, or can pass through only on well cars. On the other hand, Indian Railways runs double-stacked containers on flatcars under 25 kV overhead electrical wires. The wires must be at least above the track. China Railway also runs double-stacked containers under overhead wires, but must use well cars to do so, since the wires are only above the track. About 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container, and the largest container ships can carry over 19,000 TEU (Twenty-Foot Equivalent, or how many 20 foot containers can fit on a ship). Between 2011 and 2013,
Intermodal container
102216
Digital television Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of television signals, including the sound channel, using digital encoding, in contrast to the earlier television technology, analog television, in which the video and audio are carried by analog signals. It is an innovative advance that represents the first significant evolution in television technology since color television in the 1950s. Digital TV can transmit in HDTV with greater resolution than analog TV, in a wide screen aspect ratio similar to recent movies. It makes more economical use of scarce radio spectrum space; it can transmit multiple channels in the same bandwidth occupied
Digital television
3327590
apartment. One day he told a customer - a member of the Royal Opera House Orchestra - that he was searching for a good singing teacher, and the client recommended Carl Martin Öhman, a well known Wagnerian tenor from the 1920s, who is also credited with discovering Jussi Björling. Öhman was enthusiastic about Gedda and took him as a pupil, at the beginning without payment, because Gedda was at the time supporting his parents. Two months later his progress was such that he obtained a grant and then won the Christine Nilsson Prize. After a few months he obtained a
Nicolai Gedda
13319530
reports to be aired on NPR's news programs or feeds of promotional material and other not for broadcast or "closed circuit" content. These 15 strategically located uplinks located in regions throughout the country were also to provide revenue from use by commercial entities who would pay for NPR to transmit its programming via its satellite system. Because NPR, at the time, had the only operational satellite network that could transmit in high quality, full fidelity, stereo sound, several music based commercial programs were distributed via NPR's satellite system such as Rockline, Hollywood Live, several live concerts, and some Westwood One
Public Radio Satellite System
7131016
paired to standard bike computers. By providing an instantaneous feedback to the athlete, and by allowing more precise analysis of rides, power meters can be a useful tool for training. Older cycling power meters use a set of wires to transmit power information to a computer mounted on the bicycle; this system has a serious disadvantage of having fine electrical cables being run all over the bicycle, making it harder to clean as well as using a fair number of fasteners to hold them up. However, since 2009 there is a general trend to move towards wireless systems. Power meters
Cycling power meter
8314743
Cable harness A cable harness, also known as a wire harness, cable assembly, wiring assembly or wiring loom, is an assembly of electrical cables or wires which transmit signals or electrical power. The cables are bound together by straps, cable ties, cable lacing, sleeves, electrical tape, conduit, a weave of extruded string, or a combination thereof. Commonly used in automobiles, as well as construction machinery, cable harnesses provide several advantages over loose wires and cables. For example, many aircraft, automobiles and spacecraft contain many masses of wires which would stretch over several kilometres if fully extended. By binding the many
Cable harness
10977204
In 3GPP, High-Speed Packet Access plus (HSPA+) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards take MIMO into account. Moreover, to fully support cellular environments, MIMO research consortia including IST-MASCOT propose to develop advanced MIMO techniques, e.g., multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). MIMO technology can be used in non-wireless communications systems. One example is the home networking standard ITU-T G.9963, which defines a powerline communications system that uses MIMO techniques to transmit multiple signals over multiple AC wires (phase, neutral and ground). In MIMO systems, a transmitter sends multiple streams by multiple transmit antennas. The transmit streams go through a matrix channel which consists
MIMO
1305362
subscriber line (DSL) services are "broadband" in the sense that digital information is sent over multiple channels. Each channel is at higher frequency than the baseband voice channel, so it can support plain old telephone service on a single pair of wires at the same time. However, when that same line is converted to a non-loaded twisted-pair wire (no telephone filters), it becomes hundreds of kilohertz wide (broadband) and can carry up to 100 megabits per second using very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL or VHDSL) techniques. Many computer networks use a simple line code to transmit one type of signal
Broadband
5856874
a form of digital communication found in technologies such as Ethernet, USB, and PCI Express. It permits the use of internal and external display connections, and unlike legacy standards that transmit a clock signal with each output, the DisplayPort protocol is based on small data packets known as "micro packets", which can embed the clock signal within the data stream. This allows for higher resolution using fewer pins. The use of data packets also makes DisplayPort extensible, meaning additional features can be added over time without significant changes to the physical interface. DisplayPort can be used to transmit audio and
DisplayPort
5491519
Walter Allward's design was the unanimous choice from among 10 submitted models, winning the competition. The memorial was originally to be completed by 1912 but Allward did not finish it until five years later. The Governor General of Canada, Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, ceremoniously unveiled the memorial on October 24, 1917. Allward designed the monument to symbolize the telephone's ability to overcome distances. A series of steps lead to the main section where the floating allegorical figure of "Inspiration" appears over a reclining male figure representing "Man, discovering his power to transmit sound through space", and also pointing
Invention of the telephone
5162060
series and the online support campaign is credited with helping persuade former PTEN station owners to carry the fourth season of the show in 1996. Over the course of the series, Warner Bros. encouraged the use of pictures and images on fan web sites, and eventually created a home-page community called AcmeCity where users could create a homepage using logos and graphics without fear of lawsuits. Also during this time, Warner Bros. executive Jim Moloshok created and distributed electronic trading cards to help advertise the series. A contest was conducted in conjunction with Sound Source Interactive called the "Mystery Alien
Babylon 5's use of the Internet
14863900
a ship or boat into the water. The Khalasis of Malabar engaged in boat building and boat repair use simple but cleverly designed equipment and devices put together by ancestors that leverage muscular strength quite amazingly. Though education is hardly their strength, what they have in abundance is a natural wisdom and simple commonsense. Deceptively simple wooden winches called davars and long wooden handles called kazhas work wonders as winches, and a network of steel wires and thick coir ropes transmit torque and rotation as smoothly as any high-end machinery. Traditionally the domain of Moplah Muslims, Hindus and even Christians
Khalasi
5491478
early invention of inductive loading of telephone wires to increase long-distance signals. Unfortunately, serious burns from an accident, a lack of English, and poor business abilities resulted in Meucci's failing to develop his inventions commercially in America. Meucci demonstrated some sort of instrument in 1849 in Havana, Cuba, however, this may have been a variant of a string telephone that used wire. Meucci has been further credited with the invention of an anti-sidetone circuit. However, examination showed that his solution to sidetone was to maintain two separate telephone circuits and thus use twice as many transmission wires. The anti-sidetone circuit
Invention of the telephone
3972686
damped wave. Since the transmitter produces one pulse of radio waves per spark, the output power of the transmitter was proportional to the spark rate, so higher rates were favored. Spark transmitters generally used one of three types of power circuits: The invention of the radio transmitter resulted from the convergence of two lines of research. One was efforts by inventors to devise a system to transmit telegraph signals without wires. Experiments by a number of inventors had shown that electrical disturbances could be transmitted short distances through the air. However most of these systems worked not by radio waves
Spark-gap transmitter
8642344
underlying supposition, as we use sine waves analysis, that the signal under concern has infinite duration even though sounds in real life have limited duration – see time–frequency analysis. Gabor applied ideas from quantum physics to sound, allowing an analogy between sound and quanta. He proposed a mathematical method to reduce Fourier analysis into cells. His research aimed at the information transmission through communication channels. Gabor saw in his atoms a possibility to transmit the same information but using less data. Instead of transmitting the signal itself it would be possible to transmit only the coefficients which represent the same
Gabor atom
6965934
United States, Thomas Edison, in the mid-1880s, patented an electromagnetic induction system he called "grasshopper telegraphy", which allowed telegraphic signals to jump the short distance between a running train and telegraph wires running parallel to the tracks. In the United Kingdom, William Preece was able to develop an electromagnetic induction telegraph system that, with antenna wires many kilometers long, could transmit across gaps of about . Inventor Nathan Stubblefield, between 1885 and 1892, also worked on an induction transmission system. Forms of Wireless telephony is recorded in four patents for the photophone, invented jointly by Alexander Graham Bell and Charles
Invention of radio