who was the canterbury tales written for what audience
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Chaucer was a courtier, leading some to believe that he was mainly a court poet who wrote exclusively for nobility. "The Canterbury Tales" is generally thought to have been incomplete at the end of Chaucer's life. In the General Prologue, some 30 pilgrims are introduced. According to the Prologue, Chaucer's intention was to write four stories from the perspective of each pilgrim, two each on the way to and from their ultimate destination, St. Thomas Becket's shrine (making for a total of about 120 stories). Although perhaps incomplete, "The Canterbury Tales" is revered as one of the most important works
The Canterbury Tales
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Chaucer was a courtier, leading some to believe that he was mainly a court poet who wrote exclusively for nobility. "The Canterbury Tales" is generally thought to have been incomplete at the end of Chaucer's life. In the General Prologue, some 30 pilgrims are introduced. According to the Prologue, Chaucer's intention was to write four stories from the perspective of each pilgrim, two each on the way to and from their ultimate destination, St. Thomas Becket's shrine (making for a total of about 120 stories). Although perhaps incomplete, "The Canterbury Tales" is revered as one of the most important works
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that the greatest contribution of "The Canterbury Tales" to English literature was the popularisation of the English vernacular in mainstream literature, as opposed to French, Italian or Latin. English had, however, been used as a literary language centuries before Chaucer's time, and several of Chaucer's contemporaries—John Gower, William Langland, the Pearl Poet, and Julian of Norwich—also wrote major literary works in English. It is unclear to what extent Chaucer was seminal in this evolution of literary preference. While Chaucer clearly states the addressees of many of his poems, the intended audience of "The Canterbury Tales" is more difficult to determine.
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Order of The Canterbury Tales "The Canterbury Tales" is a collection of stories, mostly in verse, written by Geoffrey Chaucer chiefly from 1387 to 1400. They are held together in a frame story of a pilgrimage on which each member of the group is to tell two tales on the way to Canterbury, and two on the way back. Fewer than a quarter of the projected tales were completed before Chaucer's death. It is uncertain in what order Chaucer intended the tales to appear; moreover it is very possible that, as a work-in-progress, no final authorial order of tales ever
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artistic terms, which can be seen in the great number of forgeries and mistaken attributions (such as "The Floure and the Leafe", which was translated by John Dryden), modern English spelling and orthography owe much more to the innovations made by the Court of Chancery in the decades during and after his lifetime. While Chaucer clearly states the addressees of many of his poems (the "Book of the Duchess" is believed to have been written for John of Gaunt on the occasion of his wife's death in 1368), the intended audience of "The Canterbury Tales" is more difficult to determine.
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Canterbury Tales (musical) Canterbury Tales is a musical originally presented at the Oxford Playhouse in 1964, conceived and directed by Martin Starkie and written by Nevill Coghill and Martin Starkie. It was expanded into a full length musical and presented at the Phoenix Theatre, London on 21 March 1968 and ran for 2,080 performances. The music was written by Richard Hill and John Hawkins, with the lyrics by Nevill Coghill. There are two versions of this musical ("Canterbury Tales" and "More Canterbury Tales"), each making up about half the story. Martin Starkie was the first person to dramatise Chaucer's 'The
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making their way to Canterbury together. The film's main story takes place in an imaginary town in Kent and ends with the main characters arriving at Canterbury Cathedral, bells pealing and Chaucer's words again resounding. "A Canterbury Tale" is recognised as one of the Powell-Pressburger team's most poetic and artful films. It was produced as wartime propaganda, using Chaucer's poetry, referring to the famous pilgrimage, and offering photography of Kent to remind the public of what made Britain worth fighting for. In one scene a local historian lectures an audience of British soldiers about the pilgrims of Chaucer's time and
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The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales () is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400. In 1386, Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and, in 1389, Clerk of the King's work. It was during these years that Chaucer began working on his most famous text, "The Canterbury Tales". The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together from London to Canterbury to visit
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Canterbury Tales' for the stage since it was written over 600 years ago. By working closely with Nevill Coghill and using a celebrated modern English translation of Chaucer's work, Starkie ensured that the completed text is a convincing interpretation of Chaucer's work It was considered to be very bawdy, and was written soon after the Lord Chamberlain's censorship of the theatre had just ended. The musical took five tales from the Canterbury Tales and told them with song and humour. These were; The Miller's Tale; The Nun's Priest's Tale; The Steward's Tale; The Merchant's Tale; and The Wife of Bath's
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opened "The News from Lake Wobegon" portion of the first live TV broadcast of his "A Prairie Home Companion" radio show with a reading of the original Middle English text of the General Prologue. He commented, "Although those words were written more than 600 years ago, they still describe spring." Television adaptations include Alan Plater's 1975 re-telling of the stories in a series of plays for BBC2: "Trinity Tales". In 2003, BBC again featured modern re-tellings of selected tales. The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales () is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in
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of Beryn. The Canterbury Interlude and the Tale of Beryn were published along with the other tales in John Urry’s 1721 edition of "The Canterbury Tales". Because it is the only manuscript containing these tales, it is difficult to judge what is scribal error and what is the original text. For this reason, modern scholars must analyse the text of The Canterbury Interlude and The Tale of Beryn against other tales copied by the same scribe in the same manuscript (specifically The Canon's Yeoman's Tale and The Summoner's Tale) to ascertain scribal anomalies. The Tale of Beryn is an adaptation
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early date. In the "General Prologue", the Host jokes about the Plowman's brother, who is the Parson. In some surviving manuscripts the Host suggests that the Parson is a "Lollere." As early as 1400, Chaucer's courtly audience grew to include members of the rising literate, middle-/merchant class, which included many Lollard sympathizers who would have been inclined to believe in a Lollard Chaucer. The sole surviving manuscript of "The Plowman's Tale" (written in a sixteenth-century hand) was inserted at the end of "The Canterbury Tales" in a copy of Thomas Godfrey/Godfray's 1532 printed edition of Chaucer's "Works" (STC 5068), edited
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by John Wycliffe, is mentioned in the "Tales", which also mention a specific incident involving pardoners (sellers of indulgences, which were believed to relieve the temporal punishment due for sins that were already forgiven in the Sacrament of Confession) who nefariously claimed to be collecting for St. Mary Rouncesval hospital in England. "The Canterbury Tales" is among the first English literary works to mention paper, a relatively new invention that allowed dissemination of the written word never before seen in England. Political clashes, such as the 1381 Peasants' Revolt and clashes ending in the deposing of King Richard II, further
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his Hugo Award winning novel "Hyperion" based on an extra-planetary group of pilgrims. Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins used "The Canterbury Tales" as a structure for his 2004 non-fiction book about evolution titled "". His animal pilgrims are on their way to find the common ancestor, each telling a tale about evolution. Henry Dudeney's book "The Canterbury Puzzles" contains a part reputedly lost from what modern readers know as Chaucer's tales. Historical-mystery novelist P.C. Doherty wrote a series of novels based on "The Canterbury Tales", making use of both the story frame and Chaucer's characters. Canadian author Angie Abdou translates "The
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creation, who narrates the story of a cabin dwelling family he secretly observes. Similarly, Roald Dahl's story "The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar" is about a rich bachelor who finds an essay written by someone who learnt to "see" playing cards from the reverse side. The full text of this essay is included in the story, and itself includes a lengthy sub-story told as a true experience by one of the essay's protagonists, Imhrat Khan. Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales" and Boccacio's Decameron are also classic frame stories. In Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", the characters tell tales suited to their personalities and
Story within a story
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significant anomalous arrangements (Hg, Ha). All manuscript orders (except Hg*) were collated by Furnivall. "(+G = Manuscript includes the non-Chaucerian Tale of Gamelyn after the Cook's initial abortive attempt to tell a tale.)" Order of The Canterbury Tales "The Canterbury Tales" is a collection of stories, mostly in verse, written by Geoffrey Chaucer chiefly from 1387 to 1400. They are held together in a frame story of a pilgrimage on which each member of the group is to tell two tales on the way to Canterbury, and two on the way back. Fewer than a quarter of the projected tales
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Romantic Warriors III: Special Features DVD, was released May 2, 2016 with additional unused interview footage, unused performance footage by Soft Machine Legacy, Dave Sinclair, Forgas Band Phenomena and The Wrong Object, plus special concerts to celebrate the RWIII DVD release by The Muffins on May 16, 2015 and Glass on February 14, 2016. Romantic Warriors III: Canterbury Tales Romantic Warriors III: Canterbury Tales (2015) is the third in a series of feature-length documentaries about Progressive rock written and directed by Adele Schmidt and José Zegarra Holder. This one focuses on the music of the Canterbury scene. The DVD was
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of all time and the first to show what the language was truly capable of poetically. This sentiment was universally agreed upon by later critics into the mid-15th century. Glosses included in "The Canterbury Tales" manuscripts of the time praised him highly for his skill with "sentence" and rhetoric, the two pillars by which medieval critics judged poetry. The most respected of the tales was at this time the Knight's, as it was full of both. The incompleteness of the "Tales" led several medieval authors to write additions and supplements to the tales to make them more complete. Some of
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the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return. After a long list of works written earlier in his career, including "Troilus and Criseyde", "House of Fame", and "Parliament of Fowls", "The Canterbury Tales" is near-unanimously seen as Chaucer's "magnum opus". He uses the tales and descriptions of its characters to paint an ironic and critical portrait of English society at the time, and particularly of the Church. Chaucer's use of such a wide range of classes and types of people was
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came to an end. • Chaucer • Clerk of Oxford • Host • The Miller • Nun • Prioress • Squire • Steward • Sweetheart • The Wife of Bath • Alisoun • Cook • Friar • Knight • May • Merchant • Molly • Pardoner • Priest • Robin • Summoner Canterbury Tales (musical) Canterbury Tales is a musical originally presented at the Oxford Playhouse in 1964, conceived and directed by Martin Starkie and written by Nevill Coghill and Martin Starkie. It was expanded into a full length musical and presented at the Phoenix Theatre, London on 21 March
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Romantic Warriors III: Canterbury Tales Romantic Warriors III: Canterbury Tales (2015) is the third in a series of feature-length documentaries about Progressive rock written and directed by Adele Schmidt and José Zegarra Holder. This one focuses on the music of the Canterbury scene. The DVD was completed with the aid of an Indiegogo campaign in 2014. Adele Schmidt and José Zegarra Holder are co-founders of Zeitgeist Media LLC, a video production company based in Washington, D.C. Schmidt has produced several films, including a documentary on Albert Schweitzer, "Albert Schweitzer: Called to Africa" (2006), which won the 2008 Gabriel Award and
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evolution and primatology with the orangutan researcher Biruté Galdikas and wrote his thesis comparing modern Hip hop freestyle battling with The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. Brinkman is married to cognitive neuroscientist and television host Dr. Heather Berlin. They have a daughter, Hannah, born in 2013, and a son, Dylan, born in 2016. Brinkman first gained widespread media attention for his one-man show "The Rap Canterbury Tales," devised as a means of re-telling Chaucer's iconic stories for a modern audience. The show premiered at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2004, and the following year Brinkman was sponsored by Cambridge University
Baba Brinkman
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"Tales" are not Chaucer's originals. The very oldest is probably MS Peniarth 392 D (called "Hengwrt"), written by a scribe shortly after Chaucer's death. The most beautiful, on the other hand, is the Ellesmere Manuscript, a manuscript handwritten by one person with illustrations by several illustrators; the tales are put in an order that many later editors have followed for centuries. The first version of "The Canterbury Tales" to be published in print was William Caxton's 1476 edition. Only 10 copies of this edition are known to exist, including one held by the British Library and one held by the
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the "root" word definition. Some of these words are now dated or obsolete. These manuscript words first found written in Chaucer's work, from "The Canterbury Tales" and other of his publications as shown below, were published in the 14th century. "The Canterbury Tales" is a collection of tales written sometime after 1373, with 'sondry folk' that resemble Boccaccio's stories of "The Decameron" of fleeing nobles. The "General Prologue" introduces the tellers of the tales, with much wry and subtle social commentary. " acate, affile, alight, ambler, army, arrive, bagpipe, begster, borax, bourdon, bracer, bream, cape, ceruse, chape, clasp, cordial, dagger,
English words first attested in Chaucer
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better for the environment than back-to-the-land movements. 2004: The Rap Canterbury Tales 2008: The Rebel Cell (co-written with Dizraeli) 2009: The Rap Guide to Evolution 2010: Rapconteur 2010: The Rap Guide to Human Nature 2011: The Canterbury Tales Remixed 2012: Ingenious Nature 2014: The Rap Guide to Religion 2015: The Rap Guide to Climate Chaos 2004: Swordplay 2004: The Rap Canterbury Tales 2005: Pandemonium 2006: Lit-Hop 2008: Mine the Gap (Mud Sun) 2008: The Rebel Cell (Mud Sun) 2009: The Rap Guide to Evolution 2009: Apocalyptic Utopian Dreams in the Western Wilderness 2010: Rapconteur 2010: The Rap Guide to Human
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version that was first staged in 1964. "A Canterbury Tale", a 1944 film jointly written and directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, is loosely based on the narrative frame of Chaucer's tales. The movie opens with a group of medieval pilgrims journeying through the Kentish countryside as a narrator speaks the opening lines of the "General Prologue". The scene then makes a now-famous transition to the time of World War II. From that point on, the film follows a group of strangers, each with his or her own story and in need of some kind of redemption, who are
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rescued by Richard II who decides that the Wife may marry a sixth time only on condition that she marry a miller. A devoted miller joyfully accepts the opportunity and the Prioress and Chaucer are reconciled. The Canterbury Pilgrims The Canterbury Pilgrims is an opera by the American composer Reginald De Koven. It premiered at the Metropolitan Opera House on March 8, 1917. The libretto, written by Percy MacKaye, is loosely based on Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales". Place: England. Time: April, 1387. The story has to do with the merry schemes of the Wife of Bath, who has fallen
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The Canterbury Pilgrims The Canterbury Pilgrims is an opera by the American composer Reginald De Koven. It premiered at the Metropolitan Opera House on March 8, 1917. The libretto, written by Percy MacKaye, is loosely based on Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales". Place: England. Time: April, 1387. The story has to do with the merry schemes of the Wife of Bath, who has fallen in love with Chaucer who in his turn loves the Prioress, and of her winning of a bet to gain possession of a certain brooch which carries with it Chaucer's promise of marriage. He is finally
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"Tales", and had access to draft materials. The Ellesmere manuscript is conventionally referred to as El in studies of the "Tales" and their textual history. A facsimile edition is available. Ellesmere Chaucer The Ellesmere Chaucer, or Ellesmere Manuscript of the Canterbury Tales, is an early 15th-century illuminated manuscript of Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", owned by the Huntington Library, in San Marino, California (EL 26 C 9). It is considered one of the most significant copies of the "Tales". Written most likely in the first or second decade of the fifteenth century, the early history of the manuscript is uncertain, but
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a line. His meter would later develop into the heroic meter of the 15th and 16th centuries and is an ancestor of iambic pentameter. He avoids allowing couplets to become too prominent in the poem, and four of the tales (the Man of Law's, Clerk's, Prioress', and Second Nun's) use rhyme royal. "The Canterbury Tales" was written during a turbulent time in English history. The Catholic Church was in the midst of the Western Schism and, although it was still the only Christian authority in Europe, it was the subject of heavy controversy. Lollardy, an early English religious movement led
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– young audience. Written and illustrated, at least in early years, "by creators who had lived through the war themselves, many on the front line," "War Picture Library" was able to show clearly to its target audience "what [the reader's] fathers and uncles had been through in combat." "War Picture Library" brought the Second World War to life "[i]n all its grim glory," according to writer and editor Steve Holland. The stories were not limited to tales of combat, some set in "the bomb-torn streets of London during the blitz," although the bulk of the stories released several times a
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method of division came from St. Augustine, who focused more on audience response and less on subject matter (a Virgilian concern). Augustine divided literature into "majestic persuades", "temperate pleases", and "subdued teaches". Writers were encouraged to write in a way that kept in mind the speaker, subject, audience, purpose, manner, and occasion. Chaucer moves freely between all of these styles, showing favouritism to none. He not only considers the readers of his work as an audience, but the other pilgrims within the story as well, creating a multi-layered rhetorical puzzle of ambiguities. Thus Chaucer's work far surpasses the ability of
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the editor Frederick Furnivall and W. W. Skeat, was used as the base text for more modern editions of the "Canterbury Tales", is now thought to have been written by the same scribe, though the arrangement of the individual tales in the two manuscripts varies widely. Linne Mooney, a literary scholar at the University of York, has claimed to have identified this scribe as Adam Pinkhurst, the same Adam to whom Chaucer wrote a poem, admonishing him for his occasionally inaccurate copying skills. Since the work of John M. Manly and Edith Rickert in compiling their "Text of the Canterbury
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"Canterbury Tales". The following locations were used as settings for the tales: The Canterbury Tales (film) The Canterbury Tales () is a 1972 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini and based on the medieval narrative poem "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer. It is the second film in Pasolini's "Trilogy of Life", the others being "The Decameron" and "Arabian Nights". It won the Golden Bear at the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival. The adaptation covers eight of the 24 tales and contains abundant nudity, sex and slapstick humour. Many of these scenes are present or at least alluded to
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Chaucer was a courtier, leading some to believe that he was mainly a court poet who wrote exclusively for the nobility. He is referred to as a noble translator and poet by Eustache Deschamps and by his contemporary John Gower. It has been suggested that the poem was intended to be read aloud, which is probable as this was a common activity at the time. However, it also seems to have been intended for private reading as well, since Chaucer frequently refers to himself as the writer, rather than the speaker, of the work. Determining the intended audience directly from
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the oldest existing manuscripts of the tales include new or modified tales, showing that even early on, such additions were being created. These emendations included various expansions of the "Cook's Tale", which Chaucer never finished, "The Plowman's Tale", "The Tale of Gamelyn", the "Siege of Thebes", and the "Tale of Beryn". The "Tale of Beryn", written by an anonymous author in the 15th century, is preceded by a lengthy prologue in which the pilgrims arrive at Canterbury and their activities there are described. While the rest of the pilgrims disperse throughout the town, the Pardoner seeks the affections of Kate
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Ellesmere Chaucer The Ellesmere Chaucer, or Ellesmere Manuscript of the Canterbury Tales, is an early 15th-century illuminated manuscript of Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", owned by the Huntington Library, in San Marino, California (EL 26 C 9). It is considered one of the most significant copies of the "Tales". Written most likely in the first or second decade of the fifteenth century, the early history of the manuscript is uncertain, but it seems to have been owned by John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (1408–1462). The manuscript takes its popular name from the fact that it later belonged to Sir
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I'd Do It All Over You" (1970), and a live version from "Caravan and the New Symphonia" (1974). The Best of Caravan – Canterbury Tales Canterbury Tales: The Best of Caravan is the 1976 compilation album released by Caravan. It was expanded, repackaged and released in 1994. Original release (1976) "The 1994 edition added tracks to make a 2 CD release.". Notes: "For Richard" is the shortened name of "Can't Be Long Now/Francoise/For Richard/Warlock". The track that appears on the 1976 release of "Canterbury Tales" was recorded at Fairfield Halls in 1974. The CD issue replaces this version with the
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The Best of Caravan – Canterbury Tales Canterbury Tales: The Best of Caravan is the 1976 compilation album released by Caravan. It was expanded, repackaged and released in 1994. Original release (1976) "The 1994 edition added tracks to make a 2 CD release.". Notes: "For Richard" is the shortened name of "Can't Be Long Now/Francoise/For Richard/Warlock". The track that appears on the 1976 release of "Canterbury Tales" was recorded at Fairfield Halls in 1974. The CD issue replaces this version with the two other previously released versions: the original studio recording from "If I Could Do It All Over Again,
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an Oscar (as animated short film) in 1999 and won the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film in addition to four Emmys. He has also written scripts for several British television dramas including "The Bill", "Holby City", "EastEnders", "Jupiter Moon" and "The Legend of William Tell" as well as being involved in animation. He has written scripts for "" and "The Canterbury Tales" (as being head director and executive director) and voice directed "Animated Tales of the World". In June 2017, Myerson's "That was Then" was broadcast in five parts as BBC Radio Four's "15 Minute Drama". He is the
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farming in open fields was never established in Kent. Gavelkind was finally abolished by the Law of Property Act in 1925. During the medieval period, Kent produced several rebellions including the Peasants' Revolt led by Wat Tyler and later, Jack Cade's rebellion of 1450. Thomas Wyatt led an army into London from Kent in 1553, against Mary I. Canterbury became a great pilgrimage site following the martyrdom of Thomas Becket, who was eventually canonised in 1246. Canterbury's religious role also gave rise to Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", a key development in the rise of the written English language and ostensibly set
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but Chaucer was far more concerned with the daughter as the central figure. Although difficult to date like most of Chaucer's tales, the Physician's tale is usually regarded as an early work of Chaucer probably written before much of the rest of the "Canterbury Tales" was begun. The long, and rather distracting, digression on governesses possibly alludes to a historical event and may serve to date it. In 1386 Elizabeth, the daughter of John of Gaunt, eloped to France with John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke. The governess of Elizabeth was Katherine Swynford who was also Gaunt's mistress and later
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Trinity Tales Trinity Tales was a 1975 British television series, consisting of six 50-minute programmes, written by Alan Plater and shown on BBC2. It was loosely based on Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", updated to a modern setting. The series evolved from a stage play by Plater, "Trinity Tales or The Road to Wembley", which was performed by the Birmingham Repertory Theatre Company from 30 January 1975 to 22 February 1975. A bus carrying supporters of rugby league club Wakefield Trinity is on its way from Wakefield to a Challenge Cup Final at London's Wembley Stadium. To pass the time each
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rewrite the story as a tale for the Yeoman. Skeat edited the poem separately in 1884 and included it in an appendix to his "The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer", relying on what he thought was the best manuscript. It was almost certainly intended by Geoffrey Chaucer to form the basis of his (unfinished) “Cook’s Tale” in "The Canterbury Tales". The Tale of Gamelyn The Tale of Gamelyn is a romance written in c. 1350 in a dialect of Middle English, considered part of the Matter of England. It is presented in a style of rhymed couplets and described by
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Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales" and continues with works or parts of works from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries, ending with two anonymous parodies, possibly written by one or both of the editors. In addition to works by the famous names of English poetry, there are verses by lesser known writers such as Thomas Tickell, and by an American, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. For the second section, the editors chose to begin with less well-known verses by Chaucer than "The Canterbury Tales": "The Hous of Fame" and "The Book of the Duchesse". They include a short example of eupheuism by
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work on individual episodes. Bartlett said of the productions that: I wanted to be as faithful to the stories and spirit of the Tales as possible and we have tried to achieve that. ... They had to appeal to those more familiar with Chaucer but also work in their own right as single films, to an audience unfamiliar with Chaucer, and this was important to all of us. The production filmed in Kent at Rochester which is the setting for The Pardoner’s Tale and features the castle, Cathedral, Chertsey Gate, the High Street, Esplanade and various streets, pubs and restaurants.
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the fourteenth century. The work was so successful it spawned what has been referred to as the "De casibus" tradition, influencing many other famous authors such as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Lydgate, and Laurent de Premierfait. De casibus also inspired character figures in works like "The Canterbury Tales", "The Monk's Tale", the "Fall of Princes" (c. 1438), "Des cas de nobles hommes et femmes" (c. 1409), and "Caida de principles" (a fifteenth-century Spanish collection), and "A Mirror for Magistrates" (a very popular sixteenth-century continuation written by William Baldwin and others). Boccaccio wrote the core of his work from about 1355 to
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direct source has been lost. The Parson is considered by some to be the only good member of the clergy in "The Canterbury Tales", while others have detected ambiguities and possible hints of Lollardy in the portrait. Chaucer, in the "General Prologue" calls him "a povre Persoun of a Toun". His depiction of a man who practices what he preaches seems to be positive: if also rather forbidding; for instance, Chaucer's parson is no respecter of persons in demanding ultimate adherence to moral principles: None of the explicit criticism of clergy that marks many of the other tales and character
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popularity, attested to by its 31 surviving manuscripts. The poem is, in large part, a response to Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. Lydgate's poem borrows The Canterbury Tales pilgrimage-based framing device and is written as an additional tale in the cycle. However, unlike Chaucer, Lydgate establishes himself as the narrator of the work, and recounts the Siege of Thebes. Lydgate's Siege of Thebes follows and expands upon the Theban Cycle, but makes significant additions to the source materials. Although literary critics generally believed that the work was a poor imitation of Chaucer's work rather than a work warranting criticism in
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was first printed as early as 1561 by John Stow, and several editions for centuries after followed suit. There are actually two versions of "The Plowman's Tale", both of which are influenced by the story "Piers Plowman", a work written during Chaucer's lifetime. Chaucer describes a Plowman in the "General Prologue" of his tales, but never gives him his own tale. One tale, written by Thomas Occleve, describes the miracle of the Virgin and the Sleeveless Garment. Another tale features a pelican and a griffin debating church corruption, with the pelican taking a position of protest akin to John Wycliffe's
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The Canterbury Tales (TV series) The Canterbury Tales is a series of six single dramas that originally aired on BBC One in 2003. Each story is an adaptation of one of Geoffrey Chaucer's 14th century "Canterbury Tales" which are transferred to a modern, 21st century setting, but still set along the traditional Pilgrims' route to Canterbury. Repeats of the series in the UK have been on channels including ITV3. The anthology series was conceived by executive producers Laura Mackie and Franc Roddam in 2001, and produced by Kate Bartlett, while a number of writers and directors were chosen specifically to
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based on Jean de La Fontaine's "Les Souhaits Ridicules", however Perrault made the tale more entertaining for the salon audience by adding coarse comedy. Zipes claims Perrault's tales have "withstood the test of time" because he was the "greatest stylist" and that in the "Contes" he brought a "modern approach to literature". The tales were written to impress the "précieuse", with a style that appealed to the literary elite and patronized the lower classes. Bottigheimer believes Perrault's style is imaginative and enchanting, most likely the effect of writing for a demanding audience. Perrault's tales are primarily moralistic or didactic, with
Histoires ou contes du temps passé
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Gravesend is the setting in The Seacaptain’s Tale where old waterfront warehouses, the pier and Town Pier Square feature and the river scenes in The Man of Laws’ Tale were filmed on the River Medway and The Medway Estuary. From Chaucer's original collection, the producers chose six tales: On 29 March 2004 "The Wife of Bath" was nominated for three awards at the British Academy Television Awards, for Best Single Drama, Best Actress for Julie Walters and Best Costume Design. Walters went on to win the award. The Canterbury Tales (TV series) The Canterbury Tales is a series of six
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The Monk's Tale "The Monk's Tale" is one of "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer. The Monk's tale to the other pilgrims is a collection of 17 short stories, exempla, on the theme of tragedy. The tragic endings of these historical figures are recounted: Lucifer, Adam, Samson, Hercules, Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Zenobia, Pedro of Castile, Peter I of Cyprus, Bernabò Visconti, Ugolino of Pisa, Nero, Holofernes, Antiochus, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Croesus. Some literary critics believe that a large portion of the tale may have been written before the rest of the "Canterbury Tales" and that the four most
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Tales for the Midnight Hour Tales for the Midnight Hour is a series of scary children's books written by Judith Bauer Stamper. This anthology horror series served as the precursor to various other similar works, including "Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark" and "Scary Stories for Sleep-overs". Published by Scholastic's Point Horror banner, this popular series spawned 3 sequels and lasted from 1977-1991. The series was written for a younger audience, but was told much darker than many books of the time. With the exception of the first volume, each book contained 13 stories, usually involving youths trying to
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period in which Chaucer had apparently gone missing and show what he might have done during this time, which Helgeland says later on in the commentary inspired Chaucer to write "The Canterbury Tales". (The first "Canterbury Tale" is "The Knight's Tale". There is some oversight in that a scene showing Count Adhemar in a war camp features a caption declaring it to be the Battle of Poitiers, which took place in 1356. Chaucer also threatens two men he meets in the film with undying humiliation through fiction; these characters seem to have inspired the vitriolic descriptions of the "Tales" Pardoner
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of England, who knighted Buckton in 1383 for gallantry. Buckton became closely associated with Henry Bolingbroke helping to organise his crusades to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Jerusalem, becoming one of Henry's most senior knights. Buckton was elected knight of the shire (MP) for Yorkshire in 1395, 1397 and 1404. A friend of Buckton was the author and poet Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote "The Canterbury Tales". Chaucer immortalised him in the short poem, "Lenvoy de Chaucer a Bukton" written before October 1396; in which Chaucer humorously warns Buckton against marriage. Buckton assisted Henry Bolingbroke's landing at Ravenspur in Yorkshire
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of Dante and Virgil in "The Divine Comedy". New research suggests that the General Prologue, in which the innkeeper and host Harry Bailey introduces each pilgrim, is a pastiche of the historical Harry Bailey's surviving 1381 poll-tax account of Southwark's inhabitants. "The Decameron" by Giovanni Boccaccio contains more parallels to "The Canterbury Tales" than any other work. Like the "Tales", it features a number of narrators who tell stories along a journey they have undertaken (to flee from the Black Death). It ends with an apology by Boccaccio, much like Chaucer's Retraction to the "Tales". A quarter of the tales
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the first poet to have been buried in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer is best known today for "The Canterbury Tales", a collection of stories written in Middle English (mostly written in verse although some are in prose), that are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. Chaucer is a crucial figure in developing the legitimacy of the vernacular, Middle English, at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.
British literature
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Archbishop Thomas Becket at the cathedral in 1170, Canterbury became one of the most notable towns in Europe, as pilgrims from all parts of Christendom came to visit his shrine. This pilgrimage provided the framework for Geoffrey Chaucer's 14th-century collection of stories, "The Canterbury Tales". Canterbury Castle was captured by the French Prince Louis during his 1215 invasion of England, before the death of John caused his English supporters to desert his cause and support the young Henry III. Canterbury is associated with several saints from this period who lived in Canterbury: The Black Death hit Canterbury in 1348. At
Canterbury
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The Canterbury Tales (film) The Canterbury Tales () is a 1972 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini and based on the medieval narrative poem "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer. It is the second film in Pasolini's "Trilogy of Life", the others being "The Decameron" and "Arabian Nights". It won the Golden Bear at the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival. The adaptation covers eight of the 24 tales and contains abundant nudity, sex and slapstick humour. Many of these scenes are present or at least alluded to in the original as well, but some are Pasolini's own additions. The
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the famed Fourth Doctor from "Doctor Who", in a small role as one of the husbands of the Wife of Bath. Set in England in the Middle Ages, stories of peasants, noblemen, clergy and demons are interwoven with brief scenes from Chaucer's home life and experiences implied to be the basis for the Canterbury Tales. Each episode does not take the form of a story told by different pilgrim, as is the case in Chaucer's stories, but simply appear in sequence, seemingly without regard for the way that the tales relate to one another in the original text. All the
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God will kill him, so long as he is still a non-believer. Later, Cecilia tells Almachius to go beyond the materialised idols, and touch what he cannot see. However, Almachius is unable to do so, thus preventing him from gaining deeper spiritual understanding and belief. The Second Nun's Tale "The Second Nun's Tale" (Middle English: "Þe Seconde Nonnes Tale"), originally written in late Middle English, is part of Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales", which was a collection of 24 stories telling of various people. Told by a nun concerned only with spiritual matters, "The Second Nun's Tale" tells the story
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end in "y". Finally, Skeat discovered that where Chaucer did not employ assonant rhymes, fragment B depended upon them. These discoveries led nineteenth-century scholars to conclude that fragment B was not written by Chaucer. Skeat found that Fragment C departs from Chaucer's usage, beginning again with words ending in "y" that the author rhymed with words ending in "ye". Where Chaucer rhymed the words "wors" and "curs" in "The Canterbury Tales", the author of fragment C rhymed "hors" and "wors". In what Skeat said would be a "libellous" attribution to Chaucer, the author of fragment C rhymed "paci-ence" with "venge-aunce"
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Who Could Cheat Death" the following year. Since the series was intended for an American audience, Columbia rejected all six of Hammer's scripts in favor of one written in-house. The film was co-written by Henry Kuttner and his wife C.L. Moore with Curt Siodmak, a veteran of Universal horror films including "The Wolf Man", who also directed. Another script, "Frankenstein meets Dr. Varno", was written by Jerome Bixby. The Monster was the flat-headed Universal Pictures version popularized by Boris Karloff, and was played by Don Megowan, primarily a western actor. Megowan also played the creature known as the Gill-man on
Tales of Frankenstein
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Piers Plowman Piers Plowman (written 1370–90) or "Visio Willelmi de Petro Ploughman" ("William's Vision of Piers Plowman") is a Middle English allegorical narrative poem by William Langland. It is written in unrhymed, alliterative verse divided into sections called "passus" (Latin for "step"). Like the Pearl Poet's "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", "Piers Plowman" is considered by many critics to be one of the greatest works of English literature of the Middle Ages, even preceding and influencing Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales". "Piers Plowman" contains the first known allusion to a literary tradition of Robin Hood tales. The poem, a mix of
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for others. The size of a run was normally between 250 and 750, and the books were mostly bound in leather by bookbinders Sangorski & Sutcliffe. The major titles were the four volume "Canterbury Tales" (1929 to 1931) and the "Four Gospels" (1931), both illustrated by Gill. Gibbings printed 15 copies of the "Canterbury Tales" on vellum, and 12 copies of the "Four Gospels". Printing the "Canterbury Tales" dominated work at the press for two and a half years, and relatively few other books were printed during that period. However, the book was a considerable critical and financial success and
Golden Cockerel Press
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the text is even more difficult, since the audience is part of the story. This makes it difficult to tell when Chaucer is writing to the fictional pilgrim audience or the actual reader. Chaucer's works may have been distributed in some form during his lifetime in part or in whole. Scholars speculate that manuscripts were circulated among his friends, but likely remained unknown to most people until after his death. However, the speed with which copyists strove to write complete versions of his tale in manuscript form shows that Chaucer was a famous and respected poet in his own day.
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prior to the arrival of the printing press. There are 83 surviving manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales (in whole or part) alone, along with sixteen of "Troilus and Criseyde", including the personal copy of Henry IV. Given the ravages of time, it is likely that these surviving manuscripts represent hundreds since lost. Chaucer's original audience was a courtly one, and would have included women as well as men of the upper social classes. Yet even before his death in 1400, Chaucer's audience had begun to include members of the rising literate, middle and merchant classes, which included many Lollard sympathisers
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oral variants. Perrault derived almost all his tales from folk sources, but rewrote them for the upper-class audience, removing rustic elements. The précieuses rewrote them even more extensively for their own interests. Collection of folk tales as such only began about 1860, but was fruitful for the next decades. Charles Perrault (1628–1703) collected tales: Marie Catherine d'Aulnoy, 1650/1–1705, collected tales: Émile Souvestre (1806–1854) collected tales: French folklore French folklore encompasses the fables, folklore and fairy tales and legends of the French people. Occitan literature - were songs, poetry and literature in Occitan in what is nowadays the South of France
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at least indicates that fairy tales have existed for thousands of years, although not perhaps recognized as a genre; the name "fairy tale" was first ascribed to them by Madame d'Aulnoy in the late 17th century. Many of today's fairy tales have evolved from centuries-old stories that have appeared, with variations, in multiple cultures around the world. Fairy tales, and works derived from fairy tales, are still written today. The older fairy tales were intended for an audience of adults, as well as children, but they were associated with children as early as the writings of the "précieuses"; the Brothers
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any single medieval theory to uncover. With this, Chaucer avoids targeting any specific audience or social class of readers, focusing instead on the characters of the story and writing their tales with a skill proportional to their social status and learning. However, even the lowest characters, such as the Miller, show surprising rhetorical ability, although their subject matter is more lowbrow. Vocabulary also plays an important part, as those of the higher classes refer to a woman as a "lady", while the lower classes use the word "wenche", with no exceptions. At times the same word will mean entirely different
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world in which he lived. Storytelling was the main entertainment in England at the time, and storytelling contests had been around for hundreds of years. In 14th-century England the English Pui was a group with an appointed leader who would judge the songs of the group. The winner received a crown and, as with the winner of "The Canterbury Tales", a free dinner. It was common for pilgrims on a pilgrimage to have a chosen "master of ceremonies" to guide them and organise the journey. Harold Bloom suggests that the structure is mostly original, but inspired by the "pilgrim" figures
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prominently within "The Canterbury Tales". A liminal space, which can be both geographical as well as metaphorical or spiritual, is the transitional or transformational space between a “real” (secure, known, limited) world and an unknown or imaginary space of both risk and possibility. The notion of a pilgrimage is itself a liminal experience, because it centres on travel between destinations and because pilgrims undertake it hoping to become more holy in the process. Thus, the structure of "The Canterbury Tales" itself is liminal; it not only covers the distance between London and Canterbury, but the majority of the tales refer
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Śivadāsa Śivadāsa was the author of one of the best-known versions of stories from the Vetālapañćavinśati or "Vetāla Tales"; a series of nīti-śāstras (tales of political ethics) involving the semi-legendary Indian king Vikramāditya. Nothing is known about him for certain. The name is probably a nom-de-plume. Based on what may be inferred from his writing, he was a very well-educated courtier whose audience consisted of young men in the lower nobility with plenty of leisure time and a fondness for amusing stories involving warriors and courtesans. He may also have been an orator/actor who developed his stories through performance and
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The first printed book in England was Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", published by Caxton in 1476. The first English grammars were written in Latin, with some in French. After a general plea for mother-tongue education in England: "The first part of the elementary", published in 1582 by Richard Mulcaster, William Bullokar wrote the first English grammar to be written in English: "Pamphlet for Grammar", followed by "Bref Grammar", both in 1586. Previously he had written "Booke at Large for the Amendment of Orthography for English Speech" (1580) but his orthography was not generally accepted and was soon supplanted, and his grammar
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as a meta-theatrical self-consciousness, and an unabashed awareness of the financial contract engaged upon by paid actors and playwrights, and a paying audience. Prologues have long been used in non-dramatic fiction, since at least the time of Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", although Chaucer had prologues to many of the tales, rather than one at the front of the book. Prologue A prologue or prolog from Greek πρόλογος "prologos", from πρό "pro", "before" and λόγος "logos", "word" is an opening to a story that establishes the context and gives background details, often some earlier story that ties into the main one,
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Folger Shakespeare Library. In 2004, Linne Mooney claimed that she was able to identify the scrivener who worked for Chaucer as an Adam Pinkhurst. Mooney, then a professor at the University of Maine and a visiting fellow at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, said she could match Pinkhurst's signature, on an oath he signed, to his handwriting on a copy of "The Canterbury Tales" that might have been transcribed from Chaucer's working copy. That identification has been questioned and doubted by others and is being debated. In the absence of consensus as to whether or not a complete version of the
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Canterbury Tales" to a cross section of people, all snow-sports enthusiasts but from different social backgrounds, converging on a remote back-country ski cabin in British Columbia in the 2011 novel "The Canterbury Trail". "The Two Noble Kinsmen", by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher, a retelling of "The Knight's Tale", was first performed in 1613 or 1614 and published in 1634. In 1961, Erik Chisholm completed his opera, "The Canterbury Tales". The opera is in three acts: The Wyf of Bath’s Tale, The Pardoner’s Tale and The Nun’s Priest’s Tale. Nevill Coghill's modern English version formed the basis of a musical
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not fixed his overall plan. There are also hints, with his claim he will talk in prose despite rhyming throughout, that the Man of Law originally told the Tale of Melibee before he was assigned Custance's tale late in the composition of the tales. The Man of Law's Tale The Man of Law's Tale is the fifth of the "Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer, written around 1387. John Gower's "Tale of Constance" in "Confessio Amantis" tells the same story and may have been a source for Chaucer. Nicholas Trivet's "Les chronicles" was a source for both authors. Constance (Custance in
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the sound track of "Around the World in 80 Days") and later taught violin and piano until she was in her late 80s. Audrey Call found her niche playing in studio orchestras, where her technique and sightreading skills made her a valuable player, and she often acted as concertmaster. In 1937 she recorded a suite for violin and piano ("Canterbury Tales") with pianist Maurice Krumbein (who also went under the name of Ray Carter). She appears to have stopped composing specifically for the violin after her marriage, but continued to write popular songs. One work, "I Just Telephone Upstairs", written
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John Phillip (poet) John Phillip (1561) was an English poet and dramatist of the Elizabethan era. He is known for his play "The Commodye of Pacient and Meeke Grissill" (AKA "The Plaie of Pacient Grisell"), said to have been written in the late 1550s, and possibly first performed by a children's company at Nonsuch Palace in Surrey for Queen Elizabeth I as part of a special entertainment in August 1559. It is based on a tale from Boccaccio's "Decameron", which features also in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales": that of patient Griselda, who displays continuing devotion to her husband despite his brutal
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in popular tradition, but Carpenter points out that none of the stories existed in contemporary chapbooks leading him to think Perrault took and modified them from earlier (probably literary) versions. Although some of Perrault's tales had folkloric origins, he modified them with elaborate detail written in intentionally brilliant language for an audience of sophisticated adults who expected embellishment. Some stories such as "Sleeping Beauty" were original literary tales, divested from their (possible) folkloric roots. The intention was to present the "précieux" with modern retellings of stories from which the base, the common, and the rustic had been removed. The chapbook
Histoires ou contes du temps passé
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Niall Ashdown Niall Ashdown is a comedian, actor, improvisor and writer. He has previously improvised in such television shows as Lifegame, Animo, Improbable Tales at the Nottingham Playhouse, Impropera and with the Comedy Store Players. He has written and performed two acclaimed solo shows, Hungarian Bird Festival and The Man Who Would Be Sting and is in Note to Tale, am excellent work with improvising classical quintet Between the Notes. He is also part of Impropera - a group who improvise operas based on suggestions from the audience - they are currently developing a show for a younger audience. Ashdown
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short stories, or novella that remained part of a European oral culture of storytelling into the late 19th century. Fairy tales, jokes, and humorous stories designed to make a point in a conversation, and the exemplum a priest would insert in a sermon belong into this tradition. Written collections of such stories circulated in a wide range of products from practical compilations of examples designed for the use of clerics to compilations of various stories such as Boccaccio's "Decameron" (1354) and Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" (1386–1400). The "Decameron" (1354) was a compilation of one hundred novelle told by ten people—seven
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emphasised chivalry during his reign. Two tales, "Sir Topas" and "The Tale of Melibee", are told by Chaucer himself, who is travelling with the pilgrims in his own story. Both tales seem to focus on the ill-effects of chivalry—the first making fun of chivalric rules and the second warning against violence. The "Tales" constantly reflect the conflict between classes. For example, the division of the three estates: the characters are all divided into three distinct classes, the classes being "those who pray" (the clergy), "those who fight" (the nobility), and "those who work" (the commoners and peasantry). Most of the
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was the result. Bates, who was not a fan of science fiction, edited the magazine from its inception in January 1930 until March 1933, when Clayton went bankrupt and the magazine was sold to Street and Smith. During that time, he edited other magazines for Clayton, including "Strange Tales", intended to compete with "Weird Tales". Bates believed the science fiction stories of the time were poorly written: ""Amazing Stories"! Once I had bought a copy. What awful stuff I'd found it! Cluttered with trivia! Packed with puerilities. Written by unimaginables! But now at the memory I wondered if there might
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himself thereof, asks three things of her, all of which she does, and therewithal enjoys him in presence of Nicostratus, and makes Nicostratus believe that what he saw was not real. Panfilo narrates. Boccaccio combined two earlier folk tales into one to create this story. The test of fidelity is previously recorded in French (a "fabliau") and Latin ("Lidia", an elegiac comedy), but comes originally from India or Persia. The story of the pear tree, best known to English speaking readers from "The Canterbury Tales", also originates from Persia in the "Bahar-Danush", in which the husband climbs a date tree
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in the behaviour of the clergy, false church relics or abuse of indulgences. Several characters in the "Tales" are religious figures, and the very setting of the pilgrimage to Canterbury is religious (although the prologue comments ironically on its merely seasonal attractions), making religion a significant theme of the work. Two characters, the Pardoner and the Summoner, whose roles apply the Church's secular power, are both portrayed as deeply corrupt, greedy, and abusive. Pardoners in Chaucer's day were those people from whom one bought Church "indulgences" for forgiveness of sins, who were guilty of abusing their office for their own
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The Second Nun's Tale "The Second Nun's Tale" (Middle English: "Þe Seconde Nonnes Tale"), originally written in late Middle English, is part of Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales", which was a collection of 24 stories telling of various people. Told by a nun concerned only with spiritual matters, "The Second Nun's Tale" tells the story of Saint Cecilia. The hagiography (saint's life) was a popular story format during the life of Chaucer. Like many of the tales told by the pilgrims, "The Second Nun's Tale" incorporates elements from Dante. The lack of portrait for the second nun in the General
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Fairy Tales (TV series) Fairy Tales is a British television drama anthology series produced by Hat Trick Productions for BBC Northern Ireland and broadcast on BBC One. Traditional fairy tales are adapted into modern settings, after the model of "ShakespeaRe-Told" and "The Canterbury Tales". The first episode was broadcast on 10 January 2008, with others following at weekly intervals. Based on the fairytale "Rapunzel", Billy Jane Brooke (Charity Wakefield) is a successful tennis player whose nickname is "Rapunzel" because of her long hair. Billy Jane has an overprotective mother-manager (Geraldine James) who surrounds Billy Jane with female bodyguards and prevents
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for Bradfield College the first of what was to be an immense series of cartoons for stained glass. In 1858 he decorated a cabinet with the "Prioress's Tale" from Geoffrey Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales", his first direct illustration of the work of a poet whom he especially loved and who inspired him with endless subjects. Thus early, therefore, we see the artist busy in all the various fields in which he was to labour. In the autumn of 1857 Burne-Jones joined Morris, Valentine Prinsep, J. R. Spencer Stanhope and others in Rossetti's ill-fated scheme to decorate the walls of the Oxford
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the poem written in "heroic couplets", fitting for a composition extolling those virtues most apparent in "men in arms," and found often in epic works such as Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. As in much other heroic verse, the poet here seems to object nothing to the occasional poetic triplet. Wordsworth modelled his Happy Warrior on Lord Nelson, who, though his fleet was victorious, had been killed at the Battle of Trafalgar by a French sniper. Nelson had been famous for his loving, inspirational leadership, and had, in previous battles, lost an arm & the sight in one eye, yet persisted
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of the bawdier elements of the Canterbury Tales. Sturt's biography of Francis Bacon defended Bacon against Macaulay, whom she characterised as "a man writing in semi-ignorance to please the most hypocritical audience that ever existed". On retirement she taught for a year in Sarawak in Borneo. Mary Sturt Mary Sturt (8 September 1896 - 1994?) was a British educational psychologist and historian of education. She was Vice-Principal of St Mary's College, Bangor, an Anglican teacher-training college for women. Sturt collaborated with Ellen Oakden in several pieces of writing. Their "Modern Psychology and Education" (1926) was welcomed by its "Observer" reviewer
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labelled (in French) as either "placebo singers" or "singers of placebo"; they were so labelled because they sang the word "placebo", "not" because they were "choral placaters", using their song to please. By the time of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (circa 1386), the disparaging English expression "placebo singer", meaning a parasite or a sycophant, was well established in the English language. In Chaucer’s Parson’s Tale, for example, the Parson speaks of how flatterers (those who continuously "sing Placebo") are "the Devil’s Chaplains". (Perhaps Charles Darwin had Chaucer’s Parson in mind when he wrote: "What a book a Devil's Chaplain might write
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from the erotic to the tragic. Tales of wit, practical jokes, and life lessons contribute to the mosaic. In addition to its literary value and widespread influence (for example on Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales"), it provides a document of life at the time. Written in the vernacular of the Florentine language, it is considered a masterpiece of classical early Italian prose. The book's primary title exemplifies Boccaccio's fondness for Greek philology: "Decameron" combines two Greek words, , "déka" ("ten") and , "hēméra" ("day"), to form a term that means "ten-day [event]". Ten days is the period in which the characters
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to public relations in hopes to impress the American film critics. For its next feature film, "Rock-a-Doodle", a greater emphasis was placed on audience reception. Several screenings of early test footage were held, and changes were made to the film's content to reduce the intensity or suggestiveness of several scenes and broaden its commercial appeal. "Rock-a-Doodle" was loosely based on the play "Chantecler" by poet and playwright Edmond Rostand (itself based on a fable popularised by Chaucer in "The Canterbury Tales"). The idea for an adaptation of "Chantecler" dates back to the late 1930s at the Walt Disney Company, and
Sullivan Bluth Studios
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The Squire (Canterbury Tales) The Squire is a fictional character in the framing narrative of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. He is squire to (and son of) the Knight and is the narrator of The Squire's Tale or "Cambuscan". The Squire is one of the secular pilgrims, of the military group (The Squire, The Knight and The Yeoman). The Knight and the Squire are the pilgrims with the highest social status. However his tale, interrupted as it is, is paired with that of the Franklin. The Squire (along with The Shipman and The Summoner) is a candidate for the interrupter of
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words, "What Perrault began, the Grimms completed". W. H. Auden praised the collection during World War II as one of the founding works of Western culture. The tales themselves have been put to many uses. Hitler praised them as folkish tales showing children with sound racial instincts seeking racially pure marriage partners, and so strongly that the Allied forces warned against them; for instance, "Cinderella" with the heroine as racially pure, the stepmother as an alien, and the prince with an unspoiled instinct being able to distinguish. Writers who have written about the Holocaust have combined the tales with their
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Canterbury Tales" is a collection of stories built around a frame narrative or frame tale, a common and already long established genre of its period. Chaucer's "Tales" differs from most other story "collections" in this genre chiefly in its intense variation. Most story collections focused on a theme, usually a religious one. Even in the "Decameron", storytellers are encouraged to stick to the theme decided on for the day. The idea of a pilgrimage to get such a diverse collection of people together for literary purposes was also unprecedented, though "the association of pilgrims and storytelling was a familiar one".
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a single scribe, the illustrations were executed by perhaps as many as three artists. The Ellesmere manuscript is thought to be very early in date, being written shortly after Chaucer's death. It is seen as an important source for efforts to reconstruct Chaucer's original text and intentions, though John M. Manly and Edith Rickert in their "Text of the Canterbury Tales" (1940) noted that whoever edited the manuscript probably made substantial revisions, tried to regularise spelling, and put the individual Tales into a smoothly running order. Up until this point the Ellesmere manuscript had been used as the 'base text'
Ellesmere Chaucer