what is the name of the sword in beowulf
Hrunting
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described in lines 106-108 to have descended from Cain. Hrunting Hrunting was a sword given to Beowulf by Unferth in the ancient Old English epic poem "Beowulf". Beowulf used it in battle against Grendel's Mother. Beowulf is described receiving the sword in lines 1455-1458: However, although the sword possessed great power and was claimed to have never failed anyone who used it, when Beowulf descended to the bottom of the lake to fight Grendel's mother, the sword proved ineffective. As the "fabulous powers of that heirloom failed," Beowulf was forced to discard it. Swords have great significance in the war-centred
Hrunting
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Hrunting Hrunting was a sword given to Beowulf by Unferth in the ancient Old English epic poem "Beowulf". Beowulf used it in battle against Grendel's Mother. Beowulf is described receiving the sword in lines 1455-1458: However, although the sword possessed great power and was claimed to have never failed anyone who used it, when Beowulf descended to the bottom of the lake to fight Grendel's mother, the sword proved ineffective. As the "fabulous powers of that heirloom failed," Beowulf was forced to discard it. Swords have great significance in the war-centred Anglo-Saxon culture from which "Beowulf" arises. Therefore, emphasis is
Hrunting
2083807
described in lines 106-108 to have descended from Cain. Hrunting Hrunting was a sword given to Beowulf by Unferth in the ancient Old English epic poem "Beowulf". Beowulf used it in battle against Grendel's Mother. Beowulf is described receiving the sword in lines 1455-1458: However, although the sword possessed great power and was claimed to have never failed anyone who used it, when Beowulf descended to the bottom of the lake to fight Grendel's mother, the sword proved ineffective. As the "fabulous powers of that heirloom failed," Beowulf was forced to discard it. Swords have great significance in the war-centred
Hrunting
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adds that Unferth "did not dare" to dive into the mere to attack Grendel's mother, and thus "his fame was lessened." Beowulf is grateful for the loan, however, and at line 1488 he tells King Hroðgar that if he, Beowulf, does not return from the mere, then his own sword should be given to Unferth. The morning after the celebratory feast on the occasion of Beowulf killing Grendel's mother, Beowulf and his people prepare to return to their home. Beowulf returns the sword Hrunting to Unferth, praising the weapon and its owner: he has "no ill word" for the sword
Unferð
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his dislike for Beowulf early in the story, Unferth’s choice to award Beowulf with Hrunting, which means “thrusting,” can be interpreted as a sign of peace and acceptance. In this light, the giving of the sword seems to be an indication of Unferth’s recognition of Beowulf as a capable and powerful warrior. On the other hand, the poem portrays Unferth as a sly and treacherous man. Furthermore, scholars even propose that Hrunting is “the very sword with which [Unferth] slew his own kin.” It is possible then that Unferth's motive in giving away his sword upon being confronted with the
Hrunting
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rather than Balmung. The legendary smith Wayland Smith forged the magic sword Mimung, which appears both in the Anglo-Saxon poem Waldere and in the German/Scandinavian "Þiðrekssaga". Beowulf wielded the sword Hrunting that was according to the poem annealed in venom. The sword was useless against Grendel's Mother. In desperation Beowulf grabbed a giant sword of great age and with it took off the head of the she monster. In Japanese mythology, there is a magical sword called Kusanagi, which was one of the three crown jewels given to the Emperor Jimmu by the goddess Amaterasu. Additionally, the katana forged by
Magic sword
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and wishes to make amends, presents Beowulf with his sword Hrunting. After stipulating a number of conditions to Hrothgar in case of his death (including the taking in of his kinsmen and the inheritance by Unferth of Beowulf's estate), Beowulf jumps into the lake, at the bottom of which he finds a cavern containing Grendel's body and the remains of men that the two have killed. Grendel's mother and Beowulf engage in fierce combat. At first, Grendel's mother appears to prevail. Beowulf, finding that Hrunting cannot harm his foe, puts it aside in fury. Beowulf is again saved from his
Beowulf
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poet goes on to say that everyone knows of Unferth's courage and fealty, "though he did not show mercy to his kin in sword-play." When Grendel's mother attacks the hall, the Danes and Geats pursue her to the mere where she lives. As Beowulf arms himself to enter the mere, Unferth lends him his sword, Hrunting. Unferth is here referred to as a "ðyle" for the second and last time. The poet says that Unferth "did not bear in mind" his earlier challenging insults that he had spoken "when drunken", but acknowledged that Beowulf was "the better sword-fighter." The poet
Unferð
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of the three trolls in "The Hobbit", and he carried it throughout his journeys with Bilbo Baggins and the Fellowship of the Ring. It was the mate of Orcrist, and like Orcrist would glow blue whenever orcs were nearby. Glamdring was nicknamed "Beater" by the goblins of the Misty Mountains. "See Anglachel" Gúthwinë (Old English: "gúð-wine" "Battle Friend") is the sword wielded by Éomer, third marshal of the Riddermark in "The Lord of the Rings". The name is found in Beowulf, where the hero uses the word as an epithet for the sword Hrunting, lent to him by Hrothgar's thane
Middle-earth weapons and armour
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to draw out Grendel, Rumplestiltskin and Baelfire discover it was a setup by Beowulf, who wanted revenge on Rumplestiltskin for denying him victory during the Ogre Wars, by setting him up to frame the Dark One for the murder of the villagers. After Baelfire fails to stop Beowulf, Baelfire summons Rumplestiltskin, who defeats Beowulf. Baelfire wants him to stop Beowulf, but Rumplestiltskin refuses, opting to send them to a new village instead, but in the end, Baelfire killed Beowulf after he commanded his father to do so. Rumplestiltskin also collects the sword Hrunting after this. The events convinces Baelfire that
Ill-Boding Patterns
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The Enchanted Forest events take place after "Desperate Souls" and before "Nasty Habits." The Storybrooke events take place after "Murder Most Foul". In the pre-first curse Enchanted Forest, the events of the first Ogre Wars are detailed. A young soldier is being encouraged by his leader, Beowulf, to keep fighting against the creatures. Beowulf then displays the sword, Hrunting, that Emma will take possession of in the future and leads his men into battle. However, despite killing some ogres, his men are all killed, and he is left as the only survivor. When Beowulf sees a ogre general and goes
Ill-Boding Patterns
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ill-fated sword, Hrunting. Kenneth Sisam argues that readers would be advised not to speculate beyond these basic facts as laid out by the poet. It should be kept in mind that, although the sword provided by Unferth was ineffective against Grendel's mother, we are told that this sword is an ancient treasure, "never had it failed" but although it had sliced through many a helmet, against Grendel's dam "this was the first time that the glorious treasure failed"; Unferth had no reason to foresee this failure, he gave his sword to Beowulf fully expecting it to be entirely successful. Another
Unferð
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Then, the Evil Queen offers to take Robin on a tour of Storybrooke from her viewpoint. Josh Dallas, Ginnifer Goodwin, and Jared Gilmore are credited but do not appear in this episode. The episode's title appears in a passage between the lines 1455 to 1458 of the poem "Beowulf", in which Hrunting–the sword given to Beowulf by Unferth–is described: "The iron blade with its ill-boding patterns had been tempered in blood". Ill-Boding Patterns "Ill-Boding Patterns" is the thirteenth episode of the sixth season of the American fantasy drama series "Once Upon a Time", which aired on March 19, 2017. In
Ill-Boding Patterns
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strongly placed on the exchange of weapons of war. Weapons such as swords circulated through Anglo-Saxon society as inheritance through family, birthed through the monsters, found under magic rocks, and as rewards between lords and their subjects. Occasionally such exchange was also seen between warriors. One example of a weapon as a gift is seen in the exchange of Hrunting. As Unferth passes his sword to Beowulf, he admits the loss of his glory, and his submission to this greater warrior. However, when Hrunting fails Beowulf in his battle against Grendel's mother, it possibly reflects its previous owner, Unferth, who
Hrunting
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that swords were sometimes given names, such as the Hrunting sword from "Beowulf". On some swords from the sixth century onward, rings were attached to the upper gard or pommel, many of which were ornamented. These rings sometimes served a practical purpose—for example, a soldier could tie a cord to the ring and subsequently hang the sword from their wrist. This practice is attested in later Viking sagas. In other cases, however, ring knobs were used and it was impossible to hang the sword in this manner. Therefore, ring knobs were likely symbolic or ritualistic. In Old English, the scabbard
Weaponry in Anglo-Saxon England
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"point" or "edge" which "pars pro toto" (“part for total”) could also refer to the sword as a whole include From the testimony of Germanic mythology and the Icelandic sagas, swords could also be given individual names. Examples include the magic sword of Högni, named "Dáinnleif" after the dwarf Dáinn ("Skáldskaparmál"), "Skofnung" and "Hviting", two sword-names from the "Kormáks saga", "Nægling" and "Hrunting" from "Beowulf", and "Mimung" forged by Wayland the Smith. The spatha came into widespread use in the Roman army during the 3rd century. It was during this time that the early Germanic tribes adopted the weapon. There
Migration Period sword
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Nægling Næġling () is the name of one of the swords used by Beowulf in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem of "Beowulf". The name derives from "næġl", or "nail", and may correspond to Nagelring, a sword from the "Vilkina saga". It is possibly the sword of Hrethel, which Hygelac gave to Beowulf (ll. 2190-94). Næġling is referenced many times as a fine weapon—it is "sharp", "gleaming", "bright", "mighty", "strong", and has a venerable history as an "excellent ancient sword", "old heirloom", and "old and grey-coloured". However, the sword does not survive Beowulf's final encounter with the dragon, snapping in two—not because
Nægling
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use words such as old, ancient, or ancestral. However this may not always fit the story of the hero, such as when the sword is forged for him. In Næġling's case, the sword has more of a literary characteristic than a specific ancestral lineage, as is evident from its name. Nevertheless the sword is described as being "gomol ond grægmæl" (old and gray). Nægling Næġling () is the name of one of the swords used by Beowulf in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem of "Beowulf". The name derives from "næġl", or "nail", and may correspond to Nagelring, a sword from the
Nægling
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on the lap of Hengest. The sword, a "hildeleoma" ("English": battle-light) which may either be the name of the sword or a description of it, is said to be renowned to the "eotenum" (see "eotena" below). Olivieri suggests that probably "Hunlaf had died in the fight at the castle — the sword had been used with the Jutes — and his son asked for revenge." Meanwhile, Guthlaf and Oslaf/Ordlaf, presumably the same pair who held Door A in the siege, go back to the Danish people and tell them what has occurred. The Beowulf poet says that as a consequence,
Battle of Finnsburg
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American patois uses an accusation of ‘a particular form of incest’). Further in the saga, when Heriot is being attacked by Grendel's Mother, we shall see Unferth approach Beowulf in humility, offering his own family's heirloom sword. Breca the Bronding Breca (sometimes spelled Breoca or Brecca) was a Bronding who, according to the Anglo-Saxon poem "Beowulf", was Beowulf's childhood friend. Breca defeated Beowulf in what, by consensus, is described as a "swimming" match. While dining, Unferth alludes to the story of their contest as a reproach to Beowulf's impulsiveness and foolhardiness, and Beowulf then relates it in detail, explaining how
Breca the Bronding
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opponent's attack by his armour. Beowulf takes another sword from Grendel's mother and slices her head off with it. Travelling further into Grendel's mother's lair, Beowulf discovers Grendel's corpse and severs his head. The blade of Beowulf's sword touches Grendel's toxic blood, and instantly dissolves so that only the hilt remains. Beowulf swims back up to the rim of the pond where his men wait in growing despair. Carrying the hilt of the sword and Grendel's head, he presents them to Hrothgar upon his return to Heorot. Hrothgar gives Beowulf many gifts, including the sword Nægling, his family's heirloom. The
Beowulf
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Beowulf cluster A Beowulf cluster is a computer cluster of what are normally identical, commodity-grade computers networked into a small local area network with libraries and programs installed which allow processing to be shared among them. The result is a high-performance parallel computing cluster from inexpensive personal computer hardware. The name "Beowulf" originally referred to a specific computer built in 1994 by Thomas Sterling and Donald Becker at NASA. The name "Beowulf" comes from the Old English epic poem of the same name. No particular piece of software defines a cluster as a Beowulf. Beowulf clusters normally run a Unix-like
Beowulf cluster
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Bear's Son Tale may have a magic sword (motif D1081, usually found in Type 301A) or a walking-stick (Type 301B). The magic sword in "Beowulf" is supposedly represented by the sword of the "ancient giants' sword" ("ealdsweord eotenisc") that Beowulf discovered in Grendel's mother's lair. Some significant elements of the folktale missing in Beowulf (listed by Chambers) are: the captive princess(es), one of whom he marries, the hero's rescue by a "miraculours helper", his return to the Upper World under an assumed identity, and his retribution against his treacherous companions. The princess or three princesses to be rescued are lacking
Bear's Son Tale
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standard installation of a supported Linux distribution on a cluster's head node. Beowulf cluster A Beowulf cluster is a computer cluster of what are normally identical, commodity-grade computers networked into a small local area network with libraries and programs installed which allow processing to be shared among them. The result is a high-performance parallel computing cluster from inexpensive personal computer hardware. The name "Beowulf" originally referred to a specific computer built in 1994 by Thomas Sterling and Donald Becker at NASA. The name "Beowulf" comes from the Old English epic poem of the same name. No particular piece of software
Beowulf cluster
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mother arrived to avenge her son's death and collect "weregild". As Beowulf slept in a different building he could not stop her. He resolved to descend into the bog in order to kill her. They fought beside Grendel's corpse, and Beowulf finally won with the aid of an enchanted giant sword stolen from the lair's plundered wooden box. Having returned to Geatland, Beowulf took part in a historic raid against the Franks with his king Higlac. Higlac died during the raid, and Beowulf swam home in full armour. Back in Geatland, queen Hygd offered Beowulf the throne but Beowulf declined
Beowulf (hero)
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in "Beowulf". Other specific plot elements and features in "The Hobbit" that show similarities to "Beowulf" include the title "thief" as Bilbo Baggins is called by Gollum and later also by Smaug, and Smaug's personality which leads to the destruction of Lake-town. Tolkien refines parts of "Beowulf" plot that he appears to have found less than satisfactorily described, such as details about the cup-thief and the dragon's intellect and personality. By his naming his sword "Sting" one can see Bilbo's acceptance of the kinds of cultural and linguistic practices found in "Beowulf", signifying his entrance into the ancient world in
Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary
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aglæcwif" is the subject of scholarly debate. The poem, "Beowulf," is contained in the Nowell Codex. As noted in lines 106–114 and lines 1260–1267 of "Beowulf," monsters (which include Grendel's mother and Grendel) are descendants of Cain. After Grendel is killed, Grendel's mother attacks Heorot in revenge. Beowulf then ventures into her cave under a lake, and engages in fierce combat with Grendel's mother. She nearly kills him until he sees an ancient sword, which he kills her with, and beheads the dead Grendel. Beowulf then returns to the surface and to his men at the "ninth hour" (l. 1600,
Grendel's mother
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Stalker recruit him and Claw the Unconquered for a mission to slay the Demon Lord Dgrth Beowulf is featured in a backup story in the ongoing series "Sword of Sorcery" beginning in September 2012. The story is written by Tony Bedard. In this version Beowulf lives in a post-apocalyptic future where the society has reverted to ancient times. Created as a super-soldier he kills an entire group of warriors sent to find him, but spares a young kid called Wiglaf who explains that he is there with a message from King Hrothgar, begging Beowulf to come north and slay the
Beowulf (DC Comics)
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on in the 2007 animated film where he is played by John Malkovich. In this film he is shown to be the king's advisor and openly hostile but also learned in the ways of Christianity (he suggests to Hrothgar that they should also pray to "the new Roman God, Christ Jesus" after Grendel attacks Heorot at the beginning of the film). Deviating from the poem, Unferth's sword melts when Beowulf is seduced by Grendel's mother, forcing Beowulf to concoct a lie about having to leave his sword buried in Grendel's mother's corpse or else she would come back from the
Unferð
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Hrothgar, king of the Danes, whose great hall, Heorot, is plagued by the monster Grendel. Beowulf kills Grendel with his bare hands and Grendel's mother with a giant's sword that he found in her lair. Later in his life, Beowulf becomes king of the Geats, and finds his realm terrorized by a dragon, some of whose treasure had been stolen from his hoard in a burial mound. He attacks the dragon with the help of his "thegns" or servants, but they do not succeed. Beowulf decides to follow the dragon to its lair at Earnanæs, but only his young Swedish
Beowulf
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swords is found in lines 1694–1698 of the Old English poem "Beowulf", which is roughly contemporary with the Seax of Beagnoth: This poem mentions the practice of carving the sword-owner's name in runes on the hilt. This practice is confirmed by a 6th-century sword pommel from Kent, as well as a 6th-century silver scabbard mouth-piece from Chessell Down, Isle of Wight, which both preserve fragmentary runic inscriptions. The latter is the only known example of an Anglo-Saxon runic inscription on a weapon from outside Kent. Several other Anglo-Saxon weapons have isolated runic letters on them. For example, a "tiw" rune
Seax of Beagnoth
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son Wiglaf as his kinsman. Weohstan is referred to as having died of old age before the action of the later part of the poem. Weohstan is first mentioned in "Beowulf" at line 2602. We learn that he had held an estate and rights in common land in Geatland, which Beowulf gave to him. When the Scylfing prince Eanmund rebelled against his uncle, Onela, the king of Sweden, Weohstan fought in the service of Onela and killed Eanmund in battle; for this Onela gave Weohstan Eanmund's sword and armor. In his old age, Weohstan gave this sword and armor to
Weohstan
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to overcome his fear of the dragon. He rebukes the other thanes and goes to Beowulf's aid crying words of encouragement. Wiglaf does not retreat, though his shield is consumed by fire. When Beowulf wounds the dragon a second time, striking so hard his sword shatters, Wiglaf strikes at the open wound with his own sword, tearing at the dragon's throat so it can no longer breathe fire. His hand is badly burned, but his attack allows Beowulf to close and kill the dragon. The poet says of Wiglaf, "So should a man be, a thane at need!" At Beowulf's
Wiglaf
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interpreted as a symbolic "oath ring". The design appears to have originated in the late 5th century, possibly with the early Merovingians, and quickly spread to England (from the earliest phase of Anglo-Saxon presence) and Scandinavia. The Beowulf poem uses the term "hring-mæl", literally "ring-sword" or "ring-ornament", and scholars who interpret this as referring to this type of sword can point to it as one indication that the Beowulf poet was still drawing from an unbroken tradition of the pagan period, as ring-swords disappeared from the archaeological record with Christianization, by the late 7th century. Some 80 examples of ring-hilted
Migration Period sword
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a poem on the "Beowulf" theme. Beowulf, a prince of the Geats, and his followers set out to help king Hroðgar of the Danes in his fight against the monster Grendel. Because Grendel hates music and noise he frequently attacks Hroðgar's mead hall Heorot killing the king's men in their sleep. While Beowulf cannot kill Grendel directly in their first encounter, he still wounds him fatally. Afterwards he has to face Grendel's mother who has come to avenge her son. Beowulf follows her to a cavern beneath a lake where he slays her with a magical sword. There he also
Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary
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to; so Wiglaf is Beowulf's distant cousin, and his only living relative at the time of Beowulf's death. Wiglaf first appears in "Beowulf" at line 2602, as a member of the band of thanes who go with Beowulf to seek out the dragon that has attacked Geat-Land. This is the first time Wiglaf has gone to war at Beowulf's side. He is called a "praise-worthy shield-warrior", a "prince of the Scylfings", and "mæg ælfheres", "kinsman of Ælfhere." When Beowulf damages his sword wounding the dragon and is burned by the dragon's fire, Wiglaf is the only man of Beowulf's band
Wiglaf
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becomes her paramour. The Danes are later attacked by Grendel's mother, the Sea Hag; and Beowulf slays her with a sword from among her treasure, and then notices that the battle was being observed by child of Grendel and Selma. Later Beowulf, with Grendel's son watching, buries Grendel with ceremony. Shortly thereafter, Beowulf and his band of Geats leave Denmark by ship, having warned Selma that she must hide her son, lest the Danes destroy him. The film attempts to retell the classic tale as a historical epic. Andrew Rai Berzins, in his blog, states that he intended that Grendel
Beowulf & Grendel
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Ecgþeow Ecgþēow (pronounced ) or Edgetho (Proto-Norse *"Agiþewaz") or Ecgtheow is a character in the Anglo-Saxon epic "Beowulf". He is not mentioned outside the "Bēowulf" manuscript, and it is not known whether he was based on a real person. He belonged to a probably Swedish family (an "ätt", see Norse clans) called the "Waegmundings". He married the daughter of Hreðel, king of the Geats, and was the father of Bēowulf. His name could be read as "eċġ" + "þēow", "edge-servant" (that is, sword-thane); alternatively, if his name was a compound of the ancient "bahuvrihi" type as were many other Germanic
Ecgþeow
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referenced on the Sceafa wiki. The Beowulf poet may have followed the same tradition, knowing a tale in which in the driving out of Heremod, Heremod's young son and heir Scyld somehow ended up placed in a ship which was set adrift. In the Annales Ryenses and Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (Book 1) Skjöld, that is Scyld, is preceded by a king named Lother, not one name Heremod. But what we are told of Lother fits closely with what the "Beowulf" poet says of Heremod. Saxo relates that King Dan left two sons behind, Humbli and Lother. Then: Humbli was
Heremod
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failing against Grendel's Mother has been a point of much scholarly debate. J.L. Rosier, in "A Design for Treachery: The Unferth Intrigue", puts forth the contention that Unferth deliberately gave Beowulf a sword that he knew would fail, possibly for the purpose of preventing Beowulf from succeeding where Unferth himself failed. Yet this point has been contested by J.D.A Oglivy, who notes that the poem itself offers another explanation. First, Oglivy notes that if Unferth supplied an inferior weapon then it doesn't follow for the poet to have gone into extensive detail about the magical infallibility of the sword. Further,
Hrunting
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from anywhere in Europe of a sword or knife blade with a runic inscription. In contrast, inscriptions in the Latin alphabet occur frequently on Viking swords. For example, some one hundred swords with the maker's name "Ulfberht" inlaid into the blade are known from a period of about 300 years. On the basis of the "Beowulf" quotation it may be that "Beagnoth" was the Seax's original owner's name. However, that is not certain, as Viking and Anglo-Saxon weapons often have the name of the weapon's maker engraved on them instead of, or as well as, the owner's (as on the
Seax of Beagnoth
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fact that the Geatish king Heardred's father had killed Onela's father Ongentheow. During the battle, Eanmund was killed by Onela's champion Weohstan and Heardred was killed as well. Eadgils, however, survived and according to the poem Beowulf later helped him avenge Eanmund and Ohthere by slaying Onela, an event which also appears in Scandinavian sources. In the tale, Weohstan took Eanmund's sword which was inherited by his son Wiglaf who used the sword when fighting the dragon together with Beowulf. Nerman, B. "Det svenska rikets uppkomst". Stockholm, 1925. Eanmund Eanmund was a Swedish prince of the Scylfing dynasty, whose existence
Eanmund
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the proper name of Elpis, which means "hope" in Themyscirian. When D'Grth and Grendal eventually appear, Stalker reveals that he deceived the trio of warriors as a means of gaining his soul back at the bidding of D'Grth. He then throws his sword at Diana but Beowulf jumps in its way at the last second. Claw sees to Beowulf's wounds while Wonder Woman confronts Stalker. She tells him that Elpis is a female name. She then manages to steal the Rock of Destiny from Stalker and uses it to transport herself and D'Grth to Earth, leaving Stalker in his own
Stalker (comics)
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extended version in Old English has survived. The reference in "Waldere" is similar to that in Beowulf – the hero's sword was made by Weland – while Alfred the Great in his translation of Boethius asks plaintively: "What now are the bones of Wayland, the goldsmith preeminently wise?" In the front panel of the Franks Casket, incongruously paired with an "Adoration of the Magi", Wayland stands at the extreme left in the forge where he is held as a slave by King Niðhad, who has had his hamstrings cut to hobble him. Below the forge is the headless body of
Wayland the Smith
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Beowulf (hero) Beowulf (; Old English: "Bēoƿulf" ) is a legendary Geatish hero in the epic poem named after him, one of the oldest surviving pieces of literature in the English language. A number of origins have been proposed for the name "Beowulf". Henry Sweet, a philologist and early linguist specializing in Germanic languages, proposed that the name "Bēowulf" literally means in Old English "bee-wolf" or "bee-hunter" and that it is a kenning for "bear". This etymology is mirrored in recorded instances of similar names. "Biuuuwulf" is recorded as a name in the AD 1031 "Liber Vitae". The name is
Beowulf (hero)
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D'Grth's head and convinces him that her soul is from the Gods and his is gone forever. Using their combined swords, they finish off D'Grth despite his offers, threats, and pleas. Elpis goes off with The Oracle, trying to find direction in his life. Beowulf will heal from his grievous wounds, and Diana returns to Earth after receiving Beowulf's prized sword. Back on Earth, Donna Troy is able to broker a peace between the Gorillas and Nemesis. Diana says it is for her to let Tom know what is going on, and to trust them. Tom calls off the back
Ends of the Earth (DC Comics)
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Child" theory through such motifs as (in Andersson's words) "the more powerful giant mother, the mysterious light in the cave, the melting of the sword in blood, the phenomenon of battle rage, swimming prowess, combat with water monsters, underwater adventures, and the bear-hug style of wrestling." Attempts to find classical or Late Latin influence or analogue in "Beowulf" are almost exclusively linked with Homer's "Odyssey" or Virgil's "Aeneid". In 1926, Albert S. Cook suggested a Homeric connection due to equivalent formulas, metonymies, and analogous voyages. In 1930, James A. Work also supported the Homeric influence, stating that encounter between Beowulf
Beowulf
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editors of Bosworth's monumental dictionary of Anglo-Saxon propose that Beowulf is a variant of beado-wulf meaning "war wolf" and that it is cognate with the Icelandic Bodulfr which also means "war wolf". Scholars have long debated the origins of the character Beowulf. Some have argued that Beowulf existed in heroic-legendary tradition prior to the composition of "Beowulf," while others have believed that the "Beowulf" poet invented his Geatish protagonist. Leonard Neidorf has argued that Beowulf was present in (now lost) heroic-legendary cycles before "Beowulf" was composed. Neidorf argued that the seventh-century usage of the name ‘Biuuulf’ (Beowulf), which involves an
Beowulf (hero)
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Wiglaf Wiglaf (Old English Wīġlāf pronunciation: ) is a character in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem "Beowulf". He is the son of Weohstan, a Swede of the Wægmunding clan who had entered the service of Beowulf, king of the Geats. Wiglaf is called "Scylfing" as a metonym for Swede, as the Scylfings were the ruling Swedish clan. While in the service of the Scylfing Onela, king of the Swedes, Weohstan killed the rebel prince Eanmund and took his sword as a trophy; Wiglaf later inherited it. Weohstan belonged to the clan of the Wægmundings, the same clan Beowulf's father Ecgþeow belonged
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tell the other Geats what has happened. When the Geats have gathered, Wiglaf addresses them, mourning Beowulf's death and expressing dismay at the bleak future of the Geats without Beowulf to guard them. Wiglaf's last appearance is at line 3120, where he chooses seven thanes to help him push the dragon's corpse over the cliff into the sea, loot the lair, and lay the treasure on Beowulf's funeral pyre. An apparent example of etymological refraction can be found within "Beowulf" through Wiglaf's name. When he first enters battle alongside his lord the poet structures the words of the poem in
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kings upon the earth, The statement is clear, except for the final word, "lof-geornest" ('keenest to seek fame'), which is two-edged. It is no shame for a hero to seek fame, but it may be possible to be too eager for it. Beowulf (hero) Beowulf (; Old English: "Bēoƿulf" ) is a legendary Geatish hero in the epic poem named after him, one of the oldest surviving pieces of literature in the English language. A number of origins have been proposed for the name "Beowulf". Henry Sweet, a philologist and early linguist specializing in Germanic languages, proposed that the name
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powerful.'" Other commentators pointed to the theories elucidated in John Grigsby's work "Beowulf and Grendel", where Grendel's mother was linked with the ancient Germanic fertility goddess Nerthus. This is not the first time that the theme of a relationship between Beowulf and Grendel's mother was explored. In Gaiman's 1998 collection of short stories, "Smoke and Mirrors", the poem "Bay Wolf" is a retelling of Beowulf in a modern-day setting. In this story, Beowulf as the narrator is ambiguous about what happened between Grendel's mother and himself. In addition, philosophy professor Stephen T. Asma argues that "Zemeckis's more tender-minded film version
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details about his life or family that appear in Norse Völsung tales and poems. On the other hand, the Old English poem "Beowulf" includes Sigemund the Wælsing and his nephew Fitela in a tale of dragon slaying told within the main story. Herein the story of Sigemund is told to Beowulf, a warrior also from Gautland. Parallels to Sigmund's pulling the sword from the tree can be found in other mythologies (notably in the Arthurian legends). Also, Sinfjötli and Mordred share the characteristic of being nephew and son to the main characters. The story of Sigmund, beginning with the marriage
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is furthermore ', literally "bound with wires." It therefore parallels the silver inlays along the crest of the Sutton Hoo helmet. Such a crest would, as described in "Beowulf", provide protection from a falling sword. "A quick turn of the head as the blow fell would enable the wearer to take it across the 'comb' and avoid its falling parallel with the comb and splitting the cap." The discovery has led many Old English dictionaries to define ' within the "immediate context" of "Beowulf", including as a "ridge or comb inlaid with wires running on top of helmet from front
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Wiglaf, the youngest of the twelve warriors Beowulf has brought with him, insists on accompanying his king into the battle. Beowulf's sword shatters during the fight and he is mortally wounded, but Wiglaf comes to his rescue and helps him slay the dragon. Beowulf dies and tells Wiglaf that the dragon's treasure must be buried rather than shared with the cowardly warriors who did not come to the aid of their king. In the Old Norse "Völsunga saga", the hero Sigurd catches the dragon Fafnir by digging a pit between the cave where he lives and the spring where he
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Sword of Sorcery Sword of Sorcery was an American sword-and-sorcery comics anthology featuring Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser, heroes and rogues created by Fritz Leiber. Published bi-monthly by DC Comics, it ran for five issues in 1973, with a cover price of 20¢. The title was written by Denny O'Neil and featured art by Howard Chaykin, Walt Simonson, and Jim Starlin. In June 2012, the series returned with a revival of Amethyst, Princess of Gemworld by writer Christy Marx and artist Aaron Lopresti. The title included a backup feature starring Beowulf written by Tony Bedard and drawn by Jesus Saiz.
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son named Fridleif according to Saxo. There are other differing accounts of Halfdan's ancestors. The names, number, and order of legendary Danish kings are very inconsistent in extant texts and it would appear that different writers and story tellers differently arranged what tales of legendary Danish kings they knew in whatever order seemed best to them. In all accounts Halfdan is father of Helgi (called Halga in "Beowulf") and Hróar (called Hrothgar in "Beowulf"). Helgi is father of the famous Hrólf Kraki (called Hrothulf in "Beowulf"). In "Beowulf", another son of Healfdene/Halfdan named Heorogar is father of Heoroweard who corresponds
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attacks have been an ongoing event. An elaborate history of characters and their lineages is spoken of, as well as their interactions with each other, debts owed and repaid, and deeds of valour. The warriors form a kind of brotherhood linked by loyalty to their lord. What is unique about "Beowulf" is that the poem actually begins and ends with a funeral. At the beginning of the poem, the king, hero, Shield Shiefson dies (26–45) and there is a huge funeral for him. At the end of the poem when Beowulf dies, there is also a massive funeral for Beowulf
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such a way that reflect greater significance of Wiglaf's name. The separation and reversal and elements of the name within the manuscript form of "Beowulf" suggest that the name Wiglaf signifies being the inheritor of strength or being one that is fulfilled through battle according to Dr. Patrick J. Gallacher and Dr. Helen Damico at the University of New Mexico. Wiglaf is able to be divided in this way because it is a Germanic dithematic name. The elements combined are "wig" (fight, battle, war etc.) and "laf" (what or who is left). An alternate understanding of the name in the
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Breca the Bronding Breca (sometimes spelled Breoca or Brecca) was a Bronding who, according to the Anglo-Saxon poem "Beowulf", was Beowulf's childhood friend. Breca defeated Beowulf in what, by consensus, is described as a "swimming" match. While dining, Unferth alludes to the story of their contest as a reproach to Beowulf's impulsiveness and foolhardiness, and Beowulf then relates it in detail, explaining how he needed to stop and defeat multiple sea monsters ("nicors") during the match, so, although he arrived at the goal after Breca, his was the more worthy journey. In line 522 of Beowulf, Breca is identified as
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and Unferth was parallel to the encounter between Odysseus and Euryalus in Books 7–8 of the "Odyssey," even to the point of both characters giving the hero the same gift of a sword upon being proven wrong in their initial assessment of the hero's prowess. This theory of Homer's influence on "Beowulf" remained very prevalent in the 1920s, but started to die out in the following decade when a handful of critics stated that the two works were merely "comparative literature", although Greek was known in late 7th century England: Bede states that Theodore of Tarsus, a Greek, was appointed
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"Bjarkarímur", "Hrólf Kraki's saga") all agree with "Beowulf" by mentioning that they had a sister, and by mentioning their feud with Froda and Ingeld, albeit with alterations. What is unique to the Icelandic versions are the adventures of Hrothgar and Halga before one of the two brothers could become king. The similarities between "Beowulf" and the mentioned Scandinavian sources are by far not the only ones. Other personalities mentioned in "Beowulf" appear in the stories before and after dealing with Hrothgar, but for more, see origins for Beowulf and Hrólf Kraki. Hrothgar Hrothgar ( ; ) was a Danish king
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heroic names, it would indicate proficiency with the sword, meaning literally, "whose servant is the sword". He is first mentioned in "Bēowulf" at lines 262-266, when Beowulf tells the coast-guardian that "My father was known to everyone," calls him a "noble battle-leader", and says that he died after living through "many winters" and that he is remembered well by wise men everywhere. At lines 372-375, Hrōðgār, the Danish king, recalls Ecgþeow, remembering that he married King Hreðel's only daughter. At lines 456-472, Hrōðgār recalls the story of how Ecgþēow once came to him for help: he had slain Heaðolaf, a
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"thegns", Beowulf decided to pursue the monster into its lair at Earnanæs, but only his young Swedish relative Wiglaf dared join him. Beowulf's sword broke; but he dealt the dragon its death-blow with his dagger. He had been mortally wounded by the dragon's poisonous bite. Dying, he was carried out by Wiglaf, and with his last breaths named Wiglaf his rightful heir. His body was burned on a funeral pyre, and his ashes buried in a barrow by the sea. The last three lines of the poem are, in Seamus Heaney's translation: <poem>:They [the Geats] said that of all the
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was "gren-dael[ed]" or "grin-divid[ed]", after having his arm torn off at the shoulder by Beowulf, whose name means "bee-wolf" or "bear". Grendel appears in many other cultural works. Grendel Grendel is a character in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem "Beowulf" (AD 700–1000). He is one of the poem's three antagonists (along with Grendel's mother and the dragon), all aligned in opposition against the protagonist Beowulf. Grendel is feared by all but Beowulf. Grendel is described as descended from the lineage of the Biblical figure Cain, from Genesis 4 of the Bible. He is usually depicted as a monster or a giant,
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never lived in Vänern, where, according to Birger Nerman, Beowulf is buried. However, an expanse of water separates the island of Gotland from the Swedes. The island lies east of Denmark/Dacia and whales were once common in the Baltic Sea where Gotland is situated. The name of the Gutes in Swedish, "Gutar", is an ablaut-grade of the same name as that of the Geats in Beowulf. These facts made the archaeologist Gad Rausing come to the conclusion that the "weather-Geats" may have been Gutes. This was supported by another Swedish archaeologist Bo Gräslund. According to Rausing, Beowulf may be buried
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In "Beowulf", he is the son of Heorogar, the elder brother of Halga (Helgi) and Hroðgar (Hróar). (Consequently, he had greater right to the Danish throne than Hrólf Kraki (Hroðulf), and it is not surprising that he was the one who slew Hrólf.) He is mentioned only once, at lines 2160-2161. Beowulf, in the act of giving to his lord Hygelac the armor of Heorogar (which Hrothgar had given to Beowulf as a reward), repeats what Hrothgar told him: "No sooner would Heorogar give it to his son, valiant Heoroweard, though he was true to him..." He did not survive
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great pyre in Geatland while his people wail and mourn him, fearing that without him, the Geats are defenceless against attacks from surrounding tribes. Afterwards, a barrow, visible from the sea, is built in his memory ("Beowulf" lines 2712–3182). "Beowulf" was written in England, but is set in Scandinavia; its dating has attracted considerable scholarly attention. The poem has been dated to between the 8th and the early 11th centuries, with some recent scholarship offering what has been called "a cohesive and compelling case for Beowulf's early composition." However, opinion differs as to whether the composition of the poem is
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On Translating Beowulf "On Translating "Beowulf"" is an essay by J. R. R. Tolkien which discusses the difficulties faced by anyone attempting to translate the Old English heroic-elegiac poem "Beowulf" into modern English. It was first published in 1940 as a preface contributed by Tolkien to a translation of Old English poetry; it was first published as an essay under its current name in the 1983 collection "The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays". In the essay, Tolkien explains the difficulty of translating individual words from Old English, noting that a word like "eacen" ('large', 'strong', 'supernaturally powerful') cannot
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grabs back with fearsome strength. As Grendel attempts to disengage, the reader discovers that Beowulf is that second warrior. He has chosen not to use a weapon because he heard Grendel fights without one; this choice is what wins him the battle, because Grendel has a charm that protects him from every weapon. A battle ensues, with Beowulf's warriors attempting to aid in the melee. Finally Beowulf tears off Grendel's arm, mortally wounding the creature. Grendel flees but dies in his marsh-den. There, Beowulf later engages in a fierce battle with Grendel's mother, over whom he triumphs. Following her death,
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attested to a monk from Durham and literally means "bee wolf" in Northumbrian. The 11th century English "Domesday Book" contains a recorded instance of the name "Beulf". A scholar named Sarrazin also suggested that the name "Beowulf" was derived from a mistranslation of "Böðvarr" where -"varr" was interpreted as "vargr" meaning "wolf". However, this etymology was questioned by Sophus Bugge, who instead suggested that the personage Böðvarr Bjarki was derived from Beowulf. In 2005, Andy Orchard theorized an etymology on the basis of the common Old Norse name "Þórólfr" (which literally translates to "Thor Wolf"), stating in parallel that a
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the like, this definition would fall apart." Kuhn concluded that Eric Stanley added to the debate by critiquing both Klaeber and Gillam: Other scholars have offered varying opinions on this topic. Christine Alfano also questioned standard translations related to Grendel's mother. She states that she found a "noticeable disparity between the Grendel's mother originally created by the "Beowulf" poet and the one that occupies contemporary "Beowulf" translations. Instead of being what Sherman Kuhn calls a 'female warrior', the modern Grendel's mother is a monster. This assumption informs almost all areas of "Beowulf" scholarship, although there is little evidence for this
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it down "to look for hidden carvings and inscriptions". Tolkien quotes at length what the scholar W. P. Ker thought of "Beowulf", namely that "there is nothing much in the story", and that "the great beauty, the real value, of "Beowulf" is in its dignity of style". Tolkien notes that Ker's opinion had been a powerful influence in favour of a paradoxical contrast between the poem's supposed defect in speaking of monsters, and (in Tolkien's words) its agreed "dignity, loftiness in converse, and well-wrought finish". Tolkien cites other critics, such as Raymond Wilson Chambers and Ritchie Girvan, who objected to
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and for what happened when Beowulf was in the cave of Grendel's mother. They justified these choices by arguing that Beowulf acts as an unreliable narrator in the portion of the poem in which he describes his battle with Grendel's mother. These choices also helped them to better connect the third act to the second of their screenplay, which is divided in the poem by a 50-year gap. Some of the changes made by the film as noted by scholars include: Scholars and authors have also commented on these changes. Southern Methodist University's Director of Medieval Studies Bonnie Wheeler is
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Unferð In the Old English epic poem "Beowulf", Unferth or Hunferth is a thegn (a retainer, servant) of the Danish lord Hrothgar. His name appears four times in the poem (always spelled Hunferð), at lines 499, 530, 1165, and 1488, as well as in line 980 by the appellation "the son of Eclafes". The name "Unferth" does not appear in any Old English manuscript outside of the Nowell Codex, which contains "Beowulf", and the meaning of the name is disputed. Several scholarly theories about Unferth have been proposed. Unferth is also the name of a character in the modern novel
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Earnaness Earnanæs (Old English), Aranæs (Old Swedish) and Aranäs (Modern Swedish) is the name of at least two locations, in what is today southern Sweden, which are known from history and legend. The names are variations of the same name, and this has aroused the interest of scholars since the 19th century. In "Beowulf", Earnanæs is the location in Geatland (today southern Sweden) where the hero of the epic kills a dragon, but at the cost of his own life. The ancient stronghold of Aranæs () was located near Skara on the shore of lake Vänern, in Västergötland. In the
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wrote that the "epoch-making paper" stood out in considering "Beowulf" as literature. Heaney argued that Tolkien "took for granted the poem's integrity and distinction as a work of art", and showed how the poem achieved that status: Heaney called the paper's literary treatment "brilliant". He suggested that it had changed the way that "Beowulf" was valued, and that it had started "a new era of appreciation" of the poem. Tolkien's own translation of "Beowulf", published posthumously in 2014 as "", has been linked to the essay. Shippey has argued that the translation throws light on "what Tolkien really thought in
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"convinced that the new Robert Zemeckis movie treatment sacrifices the power of the original for a plot line that propels Beowulf into seduction by Angelina Jolie—the mother of the monster he has just slain. What man doesn't get involved with Angelina Jolie?' Wheeler asks. 'It's a great cop-out on a great poem.' ... 'For me, the sad thing is the movie returns to…a view of the horror of woman, the monstrous female who will kill off the male,' Wheeler says. 'It seems to me you could do so much better now. And the story of "Beowulf" is so much more
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issue #2. O'Neil wrote an original story in #3 and then adapted "The Cloud of Hate" and "The Sunken Land" in issues #4 and #5 respectively. The series was relaunched with issue #0 in September 2012 (cover dated November 2012), as part of DC's The New 52 line. This series was written by Christy Marx with art by Aaron Lopresti and featured the adventures of Amethyst, Princess of Gemworld. A backup story written by Tony Bedard and drawn by Jesus Saiz told the story of Beowulf. DC cancelled the new series as of issue #8 (July 2013). Sword of Sorcery
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relative Wiglaf, whose name means "remnant of valour", dares to join him. Beowulf finally slays the dragon, but is mortally wounded in the struggle. He is cremated and a burial mound by the sea is erected in his honour. "Beowulf" is considered an epic poem in that the main character is a hero who travels great distances to prove his strength at impossible odds against supernatural demons and beasts. The poem also begins "in medias res" or simply, "in the middle of things," which is a characteristic of the epics of antiquity. Although the poem begins with Beowulf's arrival, Grendel's
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Grendel's mother Grendel's mother () is one of three antagonists in the anonymous Old English poem "Beowulf" (c. 700–1000 AD). The other antagonists are Grendel and the dragon, all aligned in opposition to the hero Beowulf. She is introduced in lines 1258b to 1259a as: "Grendles modor/ides, aglæcwif". Grendel's mother, who is never given a name in the text, is the subject of ongoing controversy among medieval scholars. This is due to the ambiguity of a few words in Old English which appear in the original "Beowulf" manuscript. While there is consensus over the word "modor" (mother), the phrase "ides,
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in his book tells strongly in favour of an eighth-century date." "Beowulf" survives in a single manuscript dated on palaeographical grounds to the late 10th or early 11th century. The manuscript measures 245 × 185 mm. The poem is known only from a single manuscript, which is estimated to date from close to AD 1000, in which it appears with other works. The "Beowulf" manuscript is known as the Nowell Codex, gaining its name from 16th-century scholar Laurence Nowell. The official designation is "British Library, Cotton Vitellius A.XV" because it was one of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton's holdings in the
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of the hero by accepting Grendel and the dragon." In Tolkien's view, the poem is essentially about a "man at war with the hostile world, and his inevitable overthrow in Time". The underlying tragedy is man's brief mortal life. Grendel and the dragon are identified as enemies of a Christian God, unlike the monsters encountered by Odysseus on his travels. What had happened is that Northern courage, exultant, defiant in the face of inevitable defeat by "Chaos and Unreason" (Tolkien cites Ker's words), fuses with a Christian faith and outlook. The "Beowulf" poet uses both what he knew to be
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Wulfings The Wulfings, Wylfings or Ylfings (the name means the "wolf clan") was a powerful clan in "Beowulf", "Widsith" and in the Norse sagas. While the poet of "Beowulf" does not locate the Wulfings geographically, Scandinavian sources define the Ylfings (the Old Norse form of the name) as the ruling clan of the Eastern Geats. The Wulfings play an important role in "Beowulf" as Beowulf's father Ecgþeow of the Wægmunding clan had slain one of its members, and was banished for not paying the weregild. The Danish king Hroðgar, who was married to Wealhþeow, a Wulfing woman, graciously paid the
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Yrsa Yrsa, "Yrse", "Yrs" or "Urse" (6th century) was a tragic heroine of early Scandinavian literature. She appears in several versions relating to her husband, the Swedish king Eadgils, and/or to her father and rapist/lover/husband Halga (the younger brother of king Hroðgar who received Beowulf) and their son Hroðulf. The consensus view is that the people surrounding Yrsa are the same people as those found in "Beowulf", and the common claim in "Beowulf" studies that Hroðulf probably was the son of Halga is taken from the Yrsa tradition. Several translators (e.g. Burton Raffel) and scholars have emended her name from
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Heaðobards The Heaðobards (Old English: "Heaðubeardan", Old Low German: "Headubarden", "war-beards") were possibly a branch of the Langobards, and their name may be preserved in toponym Bardengau, in Lower Saxony, Germany. They are mentioned in both "Beowulf" and in "Widsith", where they are in conflict with the Danes. However, in the Norse tradition the Heaðobards had apparently been forgotten and the conflict is instead rendered as a family feud, or as a conflict with the Saxons, where the Danes take the place of the Heaðobards. In "Beowulf", the Heaðobards are involved in a war with the Danes. When Beowulf reports
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this tradition in his Prologue to the Prose Edda, giving Old Norse forms for some of the names. The following list gives the supposed pedigree. The number, names, and order of the Skjöldung kings vary greatly in different texts until one comes to Halfdan/Healfdene. All Old English texts call Scyld's son and successor Beaw or some similar name. (The name was expanded to Beowulf in the poem "Beowulf", probably in error by a scribe who thought it was an abbreviation for the name of the poem's hero, who is quite a different person). Halfdan/Healfdene seems to be the direct son
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works were written to be performed. Epic poems were thus very popular, and some, including "Beowulf", have survived to the present day. "Beowulf", is the most famous work in Old English and has achieved national epic status in England, despite being set in Scandinavia. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous: twelve are known by name from Medieval sources, but only four of those are known by their vernacular works with any certainty: Cædmon, Bede, Alfred the Great, and Cynewulf. Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known. Cædmon's only known surviving work is "Cædmon's Hymn", which probably dates
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as great-grandfather of the king, and this has been interpreted as a reference to the Swerting of "Beowulf". The name does not appear in other versions of the royal pedigree and may represent an attempt by the author of "Historia Brittonum" to interpose this heroic character into the royal pedigree. Swerting Swerting (Proto-Norse *"Swartingaz" ) is briefly mentioned in "Beowulf", where he had a son or son-in-law, Hrethel, who was the maternal grandfather of the hero Beowulf. A Swerting of the same timeframe also appears in Scandinavian traditions as the killer of a Danish king named Fróði/Frotho, who corresponds to
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Swerting Swerting (Proto-Norse *"Swartingaz" ) is briefly mentioned in "Beowulf", where he had a son or son-in-law, Hrethel, who was the maternal grandfather of the hero Beowulf. A Swerting of the same timeframe also appears in Scandinavian traditions as the killer of a Danish king named Fróði/Frotho, who corresponds to Froda, the Heaðobard, in "Beowulf". In the Scandinavian traditions, Froda's son Ingeld also appears with the name forms "Ingjald" or "Ingellus". The "Skjöldunga saga" and the "Bjarkarímur" tell that the king of Sweden, Jorund, was defeated by the Danish king Fróði, who made him a tributary and took his daughter.
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the poem and the manuscript, and at this time, the early 1980s, the dating of the Beowulf manuscript was an important topic in Anglo-Saxon scholarship. In general, Kiernan argued in "Beowulf and the Beowulf manuscript", a monograph which attracted much attention, scholars have emended the manuscript too easily and have thus place too little faith in its readings. Theories of lengthy oral transmission of the poem have caused scholars to emend individual readings, even filling up what they perceived as lacunae in the text if they deemed that the metrics or the contents were faulty. Kiernan argued that the poem
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to recognise that the latter represented the sound [ð] rather than [d]. The name also appears as a genitive weak noun, in the half-line 'þæt is Hrǣdlan lāf' ('that is Hrǣdla's bequest'). Rendered in ordinary Late West Saxon spelling and in nominative form, this form of the name would presumably have been *"Hrēðla". Hrethel is the nephew or grandson of Swerting and he has three sons: Hæþcyn, Herebeald and Hygelac. He also has a daughter who marries Ecgþeow and has the son Beowulf. Hrethel fosters Beowulf (his grandson) by taking him into his royal household aged seven. Fostering was a
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Beowulf (2007 film) Beowulf is a 2007 British-American 3D computer-animated fantasy adventure film directed by Robert Zemeckis, written by Neil Gaiman and Roger Avary and based on the Old English epic poem of the same name. Starring the voices of Ray Winstone, Anthony Hopkins, Robin Wright, Brendan Gleeson, John Malkovich, Crispin Glover, Alison Lohman and Angelina Jolie, the film features human characters animated using live action motion capture animation, which was previously used in "The Polar Express" (2004) and "Monster House" (2006). The film was released theatrically in the United Kingdom and United States on November 16, 2007 by Paramount
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translator was on selecting the word that best fit the tone of the poem. He defends the Beowulf poet's use of high sounding language that was anachronistic even in [the poet's] time. He also uses the works of earlier translators of Beowulf to give hilarious examples of what to avoid when translating an ancient text." The reviewer concludes that together with "The Monsters and the Critics", the essays are "strangely prescient. With a little tweaking, they could easily serve as a defense of "The Lord of the Rings" against charges that its high sounding language was at variance with the
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"Beowulf" and an action entirely determined by traditional narrative patterns. As Tolkien wrote, "The episode of the theft arose naturally (and almost inevitably) from the circumstances. It is difficult to think of any other way of conducting the story at this point. I fancy the author of Beowulf would say much the same." The name of the wizard Radagast is widely recognized to be taken from the name of the Slavic deity Rodegast. The representation of the dwarves in "The Hobbit" was influenced by his own selective reading of medieval texts regarding the Jewish people and their history. The dwarves'
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was on Old English and Anglo-Latin literature, and he focused his research on the pre-conquest literature of England. He was particularly known for his 1981 edited collection "The Dating of Beowulf", and since 1976 served as the chief reviewer of the "Beowulf" section of "The Year's Work in Old English Studies" in the Old English Newsletter. "The Dating of Beowulf" was credited with challenging the accepted orthodoxy over the date that the epic poem was created; in its wake came what was described as "a cautious and necessary incertitude." An anonymous reviewer of the book termed it "one of the
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1936". Tolkien stated, for instance, that Beowulf was not an actual picture of Scandinavia around 500 AD, but was a self-consistent picture with the marks of design and thought. This might leave the reader wondering, commented Shippey, what exactly Tolkien meant by that. Shippey argued that there was evidence from the chronology given in the 2014 book, supported by the work of scholars such as Martin Rundkvist, that there was serious trouble among the eastern Geats, with migration and the taking over of mead-halls by new leaders, at that time, just as portrayed in the poem. Beowulf: The Monsters and
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Ragnvald Heidumhære Ragnvald Heidumhære (or Rognvald) was a legendary, possibly historic, petty king or chieftain of Vestfold in what is today Norway in the 9th century, according to "Ynglingatal" and to "Ynglinga saga" in "Heimskringla". He was apparently a member of the Yngling clan (mentioned in later Norse and Anglo-Saxon literature, such as "Beowulf"). His name "Heiðumhæri" could be translated as "highly honoured" His greatest contribution to posterity was that he asked the skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir to compose a poem about his ancestry. This poem is known as "Ynglingatal" and is not only one of the oldest, but also
Ragnvald Heidumhære
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Sigmund he gave a sword as a gift. In the skaldic poem "Hákonarmál" (stanza 14) Hermóðr and Bragi appear in Valhalla receiving Hákon the Good. It is not certain that either Hermóðr or Bragi is intended to be a god in this poem. In the Old English poem "Beowulf", Heremod is a Danish king who was driven into exile and in Old English genealogies Heremod appears appropriately as one of the descendants of Sceafa and usually as the father of Scyld. Hermóðr Hermóðr the Brave (Old Norse "war-spirit"; anglicized as Hermod) is a figure in Norse mythology, a son of
Hermóðr
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Hróarr), it is exactly what he does in Scandinavian tradition. A notable difference is that, in "Beowulf", Eadgils receives the help of the Geatish king Beowulf against Onela, whereas it is the Danish king Hroðulf who provides help in Scandinavian tradition. "Skáldskaparmál" was written by Snorri Sturluson, c. 1220, in order to teach the ancient art of kennings to aspiring skalds. It presents Eadgils, called "Aðils", in two sections. The first section is the "Kálfsvísa" of which Snorri quotes small parts: This is a reference to the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern, during which Eadgils slew Onela and
Eadgils
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The poem is about the conflict that is about to take place between the two parties. In one fragment someone encourages Waldere to go on fighting. In the other there is praise of a sword, followed by Waldere's praise of his own armour and his defiance of Guthhere. The speeches represented in the fragments have nothing corresponding to them in Ekkehard’s text, which suggests that these are independent renderings of the same familiar source material. A passing reference— ""Win fame by valiant deeds, and may God guard thee the while""— shows that, like "Beowulf" the poem had been given a
Waldere