who fought for the central powers in ww1
Ottoman Germany Austria - Hungary the Ottoman Empire
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Central Powers The Central Powers (; ; / ; ), consisting of Germany, , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria—hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance ()—was one of the two main coalitions that fought World War I (1914–18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having joined the alliance before, Italy refused to take part in World War I on the side of the Central Powers; the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War
Central Powers
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with the Ottoman Empire on 19 August 1914. It was the last country to join the Central Powers, which Bulgaria did in October 1915 by declaring war on Serbia. It invaded Serbia in conjunction with German and Austro-Hungarian forces. Bulgaria held claims on the region of Vardar Macedonia then held by Serbia following the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 and (from the Bulgarian point of view), the costly Treaty of Bucharest (1913). As a condition of entering WW1 on the side of the Central Powers, Bulgaria was granted the right to reclaim that territory. The Dervish movement was a rebel Somali
Central Powers
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South-West Africa. The rebels were defeated by British imperial forces. The Sultanate of Darfur forces fought against British forces in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan during World War I in the Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition. During 1917 and 1918, the Finns under Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim and Lithuanian nationalists fought Russia for a common cause. With the Bolshevik attack of late 1917, the General Secretariat of Ukraine sought military protection first from the Central Powers and later from the armed forces of the Entente. The Ottoman Empire also had its own allies in Azerbaijan and the Northern Caucasus. The three nations fought alongside each
Central Powers
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French and US forces in north-eastern France and Belgium. There was no unified treaty ending the war; the Central Powers were dealt with in separate treaties. Central Powers The Central Powers (; ; / ; ), consisting of Germany, , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria—hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance ()—was one of the two main coalitions that fought World War I (1914–18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having joined the alliance before, Italy refused
Central Powers
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Central Powers The Central Powers (; ; / ; ), consisting of Germany, , the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria—hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance ()—was one of the two main coalitions that fought World War I (1914–18). It faced and was defeated by the Allied Powers that had formed around the Triple Entente. The Powers' origin was the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879. Despite having joined the alliance before, Italy refused to take part in World War I on the side of the Central Powers; the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War
Central Powers
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be won militarily, he formed the Polish Legions. In 1914 he correctly predicted the outbreak of a major war, the Russian Empire's defeat by the Central Powers, and the Central Powers' defeat by the western Allied Powers. When World War I began in 1914, Piłsudski's Legions fought alongside Austria-Hungary against Russia. In 1917, with Imperalist Russia faring poorly in the war, he withdrew his support for the Central Powers and was imprisoned in Magdeburg by the Germans. From November 1918, when Poland regained its independence, until 1922, Piłsudski was Poland's Chief of State. In 1919–21 he commanded Polish forces in
Józef Piłsudski
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Erich Kästner (World War I veteran) Erich Kästner (10 March 1900 – 1 January 2008) was the last documented World War I veteran who fought for the German Empire (including all nationalities and ethnic groups) and the last who was born in Germany. Consequently he was the last Central Powers combatant of the Western Front. He was also the second oldest man in Germany. However, he was not the last veteran living in Germany. Franz Künstler was an ethnic German who was born in and fought for the Austro-Hungarian Empire, migrating to Germany in 1946 and subsequently becoming a German
Erich Kästner (World War I veteran)
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served as the broker for prisoner exchanges between the Confederacy and the United States. By the outbreak of the Second Great War, the Central Powers consisted of: the United States, the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Chile, Poland, Bulgaria, Ukraine, the Netherlands and Paraguay. Norway joined later in the war. The Entente Powers by 1941 were: the Confederate States, France, Britain, Russia, Argentina, and Mexico. The Entente and the Central Powers battled each other across the globe. In the Second Great War, Japan fought its own expansionist campaign in Asia and the Pacific, occupying colonies and territories
Institutions in the Southern Victory Series
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Balkans Campaign (World War I) The Balkans Campaign, or Balkan Theatre of World War I was fought between the Central Powers, represented by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Allies, represented by France, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, and the United Kingdom (and later Romania and Greece, who sided with the Allied Powers) on the other side. The prime cause of World War I was the hostility between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. Consequently, some of the earliest fighting took place between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. Serbia held out against Austria-Hungary for more than a year before it was
Balkans Campaign (World War I)
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War I was fought between 1914 and 1918. It started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by the Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip. Most European nations were drawn into the war, which was fought between the Entente Powers (France, Belgium, Serbia, Portugal, Russia, the United Kingdom, and later Italy, Greece, Romania, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire). The war left more than 16 million civilians and military dead. Over 60 million European soldiers were mobilised from 1914 to 1918. Russia was plunged into the Russian Revolution, which threw down the
Europe
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between the Alps and the Adriatic, near the town of Trieste. The fighting primarily involved Italy and Austria-Hungary but also included smaller contingents from France, the UK, and the US (who fought on the side of Italy), and Germany (who was allied with Austria-Hungary). The Balkans Front covered all of Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, and Romania. It also covered northern Greece, the western part of Bulgaria, and the south and eastern parts of Austria-Hungary. Very little fighting took place in this theatre for long periods of time. It was considered a lesser theatre of war by the Great Powers. The Central
European theatre of World War I
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1903, and the Possnecker Path up Piz Selva in the Sella Group was completed before the First World War. In 1914 the Dolomites were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was part of the Central Powers during the First World War. In 1915, Italy joined the alliance of Britain, France, and Russia and declared war on the Central Powers. Austria’s troops were heavily committed in Russia and it immediately withdrew to a defensive line which ran through the Dolomites. Until the end of 1917 the Austrians (supported by troops from Southern Germany) and the Italians fought a ferocious war in
Via ferrata
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Central Powers against the Entente coalition and starting World War I. After the entry of the Ottoman Empire into the war on the side of the Central Powers (November 1914), the decisive factor in the Balkans became the attitude of Bulgaria. Bulgaria occupied a strategically important position on the Serbian flank and its intervention on either side of the belligerents would be decisive. Bulgaria and Serbia had fought each continuously in the previous thirty years: following the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885 hostilities continued in the form of an undeclared war during the Macedonian Struggle. The area of Old Serbia then
Štip massacre
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war against Serbia. The conflict quickly attracted the involvement of all major European countries, pitting the Central Powers against the Entente coalition and starting World War I. After the entry of the Ottoman Empire into the war on the side of the Central Powers (November 1914), the decisive factor in the Balkans became the attitude of Bulgaria. Bulgaria occupied a strategically important position on the Serbian flank and its intervention on either side of the belligerents would be decisive. Bulgaria and Serbia had fought each continuously in the previous thirty years: following the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885 hostilities continued in
Sliven prisoner of war camp
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the Central Powers on 10 November 1918. In the early hours of 11 November, hours before the Allied Armistice with Germany was signed, the monitor "Kogălniceanu" together with the river torpedo boat "Trotușul" supported the blood-less occupation of Brăila, after the Germans retreated from the city. The Romanians captured 77 assorted German vessels abandoned in the city's port. Romanian Navy during World War I The Royal Romanian Navy during World War I (1914–1918) was divided into two fleets and fought against the forces of the Central Powers. When Romania entered the war in August 1916, the Romanian Navy was officially
Romanian Navy during World War I
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Romanian Black Sea Fleet during World War I During World War I, the Black Sea Fleet of the Romanian Navy fought against the Central Powers forces of the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. The Romanian warships succeeded in defending the coast of the Danube Delta, corresponding to an area around the port of Sulina, while also aiding in the Delta's defense from inland Central Powers forces. The Romanian Black Sea Fleet was founded in 1890. Its main warships amounted to one protected cruiser, "Elisabeta", one armed brig, "Mircea", and three "Smeul"-class torpedo boats. Other important vessels included the
Romanian Black Sea Fleet during World War I
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Mediterranean U-boat Campaign (World War I) The Mediterranean U-boat Campaign in the Mediterranean Sea was fought by Austria-Hungary and German Empire (with some support by the Ottoman Empire) against the Allies during World War I. It was characterised by the ability of the Central Powers to raid with near impunity during the first years of the war, causing substantial shipping losses, until the introduction of the convoy system allowed the Allies to drastically cut their losses from 1917 on. At the outbreak of World War I, with Italy’s decision to remain neutral, the naval strength of the Central Powers was
Mediterranean U-boat Campaign (World War I)
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I, "Leutnant" Grobba fought for the Central Powers, as an officer of the Prussian Army. Grobba fought in France and with the Asia Corps on the Middle Eastern Front. In September 1922, Grobba joined the legal affairs department of the German Foreign Ministry of the Weimar Republic. In January 1923, he was transferred to Department 3 ("Abteilung III"), the department responsible for the Middle East. In October 1923, when postwar diplomatic relations were established between Weimar Germany and the Emirate of Afghanistan, Grobba was named Germany's representative in Kabul, with the rank of consul. In 1925, when the government of
Fritz Grobba
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Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery The Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery () is a burial ground of Ottoman soldiers in Hungary. It is situated as a section within Budapest's largest cemetery of New Public Cemetery () at Kőbánya district of the city. Ottoman soldiers are buried in the cemetery, who participated on the Galicia front during the World War I. Established in 1926, the Turkish Memorial Cemetery holds 480 soldiers of Ottoman Army's XV Corps, who fought in Galicia as part of the Central Powers under the command of German Empire's South Army in the summer of 1916. Eleven graves are of
Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery
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Ministry of Family and Social Policies is responsible. Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery The Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery () is a burial ground of Ottoman soldiers in Hungary. It is situated as a section within Budapest's largest cemetery of New Public Cemetery () at Kőbánya district of the city. Ottoman soldiers are buried in the cemetery, who participated on the Galicia front during the World War I. Established in 1926, the Turkish Memorial Cemetery holds 480 soldiers of Ottoman Army's XV Corps, who fought in Galicia as part of the Central Powers under the command of German Empire's South Army in
Budapest Turkish Memorial Cemetery
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classes, of which only 50 billion gold marks was required to be paid). Meanwhile, the industrialists of Germany's Ruhr Valley, who had lost their factories in Lorraine (Germany had seized Lorraine in 1870 and it went back to France after WW1), demanded hundreds of millions of marks as compensation from the German government. Despite having large obligations under the Versailles Treaty, the German government paid the Ruhr Valley industrialists for their losses. This contributed significantly to the hyperinflation that followed. During the first five years after WW1, coal was scarce in Europe. France sought coal for its steelmakers from Germany.
Dawes Plan
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in the Arab Revolt, this was the realization of a long hard-fought goal. After the war, at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, Faisal pushed for Arab independence. At the Conference, the victorious Allies decided what was to become of the defeated nations of the Central Powers, especially who was to control their territories, such as the Ottoman Empire's Middle East possessions. The status of the Arab lands in the Middle East was the subject of intense negotiations between the French and British. In May 1919, the French and British Prime Ministers met in Quai d’Orsay to decide between them
Arab Kingdom of Syria
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fallen while visiting his native Hungary. Franz Künstler Franz Künstler (, 24 July 1900 – 27 May 2008) was, at age 107, the last known surviving veteran of the First World War who fought for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following the death of 110-year-old Ottoman veteran Yakup Satar on 2 April 2008, he was also the last Central Powers veteran of any nationality. He was born in Sósd, in the Kingdom of Hungary, now Măureni, Romania. A Banat Swabian, Künstler enlisted the Austro-Hungarian Army at Szeged in February 1918 in a field artillery regiment ("HFKR 5. k.u. Feldkanonen-Regiment/ - 5. honvéd
Franz Künstler
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Franz Künstler Franz Künstler (, 24 July 1900 – 27 May 2008) was, at age 107, the last known surviving veteran of the First World War who fought for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following the death of 110-year-old Ottoman veteran Yakup Satar on 2 April 2008, he was also the last Central Powers veteran of any nationality. He was born in Sósd, in the Kingdom of Hungary, now Măureni, Romania. A Banat Swabian, Künstler enlisted the Austro-Hungarian Army at Szeged in February 1918 in a field artillery regiment ("HFKR 5. k.u. Feldkanonen-Regiment/ - 5. honvéd tábori ágyúsezred"). He saw combat on
Franz Künstler
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nationalist and anti-Turkish government in Athens, led to Greek mobilization in the cause of the "Great Idea" - the recovery of the Greek empire in the east - which would complicate the Allied effort to resettle the peace of Europe for years after the war ended." Balkans Campaign (World War I) The Balkans Campaign, or Balkan Theatre of World War I was fought between the Central Powers, represented by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Allies, represented by France, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, and the United Kingdom (and later Romania and Greece, who sided with
Balkans Campaign (World War I)
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under this, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on Austria-Hungary; on the 23rd, Japan sided with the Entente, seizing the opportunity to expand its sphere of influence by capturing German possessions in China and the Pacific. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-Hungary and Germany would become known as the Central Powers. The German advance into France was
World War I
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1918, during the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, a period of anarchy and general insecurity began in Croatia. Serbian army entered Slavonia under the pretext of introducing order. It was supported by the French colonial units (Vietnamese, Senegalese...). In the First World War, Austria-Hungary fought on the side of the Central Powers. Croatian soldiers fought in the Balkans, Galicia, and since 1915, on the Italian front. Since July 1918, some Croatian troops fought on the Western Front as part of 18th Corps: 31 hunting battalion, two squadrons of the 10th Hussar Guard Regiment and artillery units in the Battle of Verdun. Croatian
Croatia during World War I
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at the Battle of Cer in August 1914 was the first Allied victory over the Central Powers during World War I. Stanislav Binički composed what became known as "March on the Drina" shortly after the battle to commemorate the Serbian victory. He dedicated it to his favourite commander in the army, Pukovnik or Colonel Milivoje Stojanović Brka, who fought at the Battle of Cer but who was killed in a subsequent battle in December. His composition was initially titled "March to Victory". Some scholars have hypothesized that Binički based his work on an Ottoman Turkish military march. "March on the
March on the Drina
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Palace. In August 1914, Olga was in Russia at the outbreak of World War I, in which the Allied or Entente Powers including Russia, Britain and France fought against the Central Powers including Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. She decided to stay in Saint Petersburg and establish a military hospital to support the Russian war effort. Olga created a clinic at Pavlovsk Palace where she cared for wounded soldiers with her sister-in-law, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna. Other members of the imperial family, such as Princess Helen and Olga's granddaughter Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna founded field hospitals at the front.
Olga Constantinovna of Russia
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involved all the European powers as a struggle for power and territory. The 30 Years' War from 1618 to 1648 dominated Central Europe from participation of all the major European powers resulting in German areas virtual economic disintegration. The Great Northern War (1700 to 1721) was fought between Russia, Denmark-Norway, Saxony-Poland and between Sweden and the Ottoman Empire ending in Russian victory with the end of the Swedish empire and the use of Sweden as a power satellite in the region. The Seven Years' War (1754 and 1756–1763] that enveloped both European and colonial theaters involved all the major European
Military history of Europe
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be traced back to the Great Schism of 1054. During the time of the Austrian Empire, many Croats came to resent the privileges granted to Serbs living in the Croatian Military Frontier. Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary in the final days of World War I, the Croat and Slovene-dominated State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was established. Having fought on the side of the Central Powers during the war, ethnic Croats and Slovenes — who formed the majority of the state's population — were viewed unfavourably by western nations and as such they failed to gain recognition from the Great
Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
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technology, popular music and other influences of Western culture, international corporations, and what was arguably a truly global economy by the end of the 20th century. Technological advancements during World War I changed the way war was fought, as new inventions such as tanks, chemical weapons, and aircraft modified tactics and strategy. After more than four years of trench warfare in Western Europe, and 20 million dead, the powers that had formed the Triple Entente (France, Britain, and Russia, later replaced by the United States and joined by Italy and Romania) emerged victorious over the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the
20th century
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of prisoners joined rival factions during the Russian Civil War while those who remained came under fire when the fighting spread to the camp. The last prisoners were evacuated from the camp in the middle of 1921. The 28 June 1914 assassination of Austro-Hungarian heir presumptive Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. The conflict quickly attracted the involvement of all major European countries, pitting the Central Powers against the Entente coalition and starting World War I. Russia fought on the side of the Entente, engaging the German Empire and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front. Russia took
Sretensk prisoner of war camp
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Axis Powers. On that day, part of the Slovene-settled territory was occupied by Nazi Germany. On 11 April 1941, further parts of the territory were occupied by Italy and Hungary. The Germans occupied the Upper Carniola, the Lower Styria, the northwestern part of Prekmurje and the northern part of the Lower Carniola. The Italians occupied the Inner Carniola, the majority of the Lower Carniola and Ljubljana, whereas the Hungarians occupied the major part of Prekmurje, which prior to WW1 belonged to Hungary. Resistance by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia's army was insignificant. In 2005, Slovene authors first published information about six
Slovene Lands in World War II
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Volunteer Army's ruble, had no gold backing. The Whites and the Reds fought the Russian Civil War from November 1917 until 1921, and isolated battles continued in the Far East until 1923. The White Army—aided by the Allied forces (Triple Entente) from countries such as Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and the United States and (sometimes) the Central Powers forces such as Germany and Austria-Hungary—fought in Siberia, Ukraine, and the Crimea. They were defeated by the Red Army due to military and ideological disunity, as well as the determination and increasing unity of the Red Army. The White Army
White movement
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alongside someone, is enough. According to this usage, allies become so not when concluding an alliance treaty but when struck by war. When spelled with a capital "A", "Allies" usually denotes the countries who fought together against the Central Powers in World War I (the Allies of World War I), or those who fought against the Axis Powers in World War II (the Allies of World War II). The term has also been used by the United States Army to describe the countries that gave assistance to South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. More recently, the term "Allied forces" has
Alliance
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Allied effort of resisting the Central Powers' threat to European stability. John McGrath, from Tulsk, as published in Ireland's Memorial Records, is registered as a Private in the North Staffordshire Regiment - 12th Battalion - and was killed in action in France on July 28, 1918. His grave, amongst 370, can be viewed at Borre British Cemetery in northern France (grave number 11.F.6). Another WW1 soldier is Mark Phibbs of Corbally, Tulsk. He served in the Leinster Regiment, died of post traumatic stress disorder injuries sustained during battle while in France, and is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin. Both McGrath
Tulsk
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Second Battle of Cobadin The Second Battle of Cobadin was a battle fought from 19 to 25 October 1916 between the Central Powers, chiefly the Bulgarian Third Army and the Entente, represented by the Russo - Romanian Army of the Dobrogea. The battle ended in decisive victory for the Central Powers and the occupation of the strategic port of Constanţa and capture of the railway between that city and Cernavodă. Despite the loss of most of Dobruja to the Central Powers, the Romanian defensive victory at Tulcea in January 1917, combined with the actions of the Romanian cruiser "Elisabeta" at
Second Battle of Cobadin
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annotations to "The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen" (first published in 1999). Younger readers have also been targeted by steampunk themes, by authors such as Philip Reeve and Scott Westerfeld. Reeve's quartet "Mortal Engines" is set far in Earth's future where giant moving cities consume each other in a battle for resources, a concept Reeve coined as "Municipal Darwinism". Westerfeld's "Leviathan" trilogy is set during an alternate First World War fought between the "clankers" (Central Powers), who use steam technology, and "darwinists" (Allied Powers), who use genetically engineered creatures instead of machines. "Mash-ups" are also becoming increasingly popular in books aimed
Steampunk
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the mouths of the Danube, ensured Romanian control over the entire Danube Delta throughout the rest of the War. Second Battle of Cobadin The Second Battle of Cobadin was a battle fought from 19 to 25 October 1916 between the Central Powers, chiefly the Bulgarian Third Army and the Entente, represented by the Russo - Romanian Army of the Dobrogea. The battle ended in decisive victory for the Central Powers and the occupation of the strategic port of Constanţa and capture of the railway between that city and Cernavodă. Despite the loss of most of Dobruja to the Central Powers,
Second Battle of Cobadin
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Anthony Lansdowne. He wrestled Larry Chene many times, who then mentored Powers. Powers dyed his hair blond and wrestled as Johnny Powers, the Golden Adonis, in North East United States and Canada in 1964. Powers wrestled six times for the WWWF Heavyweight Championship against Bruno Sammartino in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. Powers turned heel and was managed by Bobby Davis. He fought Whipper Billy Watson many times across Canada and was main event for two years in Canada's Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto. Powers fought NWA World Champions Lou Thesz outdoors in Hamilton ballpark and St Louis Kiel Auditorium and Gene
Johnny Powers (wrestler)
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Français Tirailleur Français tirailleur, also known as Petit nègre or Petinègue or Forofifon naspa, is a pidgin language that was spoken by West African soldiers and their white officers in the French colonial army approximately 1857–1954. It never creolized. The first West African soldiers were enrolled in the French colonial army in 1820 and the company of the Tirailleur Sénégalais was formed in 1857. They fought for France in both World Wars. The last company of West African soldiers in the French army was disbanded in 1964 and the last Tirailleur who served in WW1 died in 1998. It is
Français Tirailleur
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environment. Urban combat is the one specialty that has not yet arisen. New technologies also affect where battles are fought. The adoption of chariots makes flat, open battlefields desirable, and larger fields than for infantry alone, as well as offering opportunities to engage an enemy sooner. During the American Civil War, rail transport influenced where and how battles would be, could be, fought, as did telegraphic communication. This was a major factor in the execution of the German invasion of France in WW1: German forces could only travel as far from railheads as their ability to transport fodder allowed; the
Battlefield
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albums in twelve years. Selected discography includes: Magnifico (musician) Robert Pešut (born 1 December 1965), known as Magnifico, is a Slovenian singer of Slovene and Serbian descent. His mother originates from White Carniola a small traditional region in southeastern Slovenia. His father is Serbian descent. His grandfather was a Serbian soldier who fought on the Salonika front in WW1, to whom he also dedicated a song called ""Pukni zoro"" from his latest album ""Montevideo, Bog te video"" in 2013. His musical path started with music group "U'redu", with whom he recorded his first album, "Let's Dance" (1992). After that, he
Magnifico (musician)
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Magnifico (musician) Robert Pešut (born 1 December 1965), known as Magnifico, is a Slovenian singer of Slovene and Serbian descent. His mother originates from White Carniola a small traditional region in southeastern Slovenia. His father is Serbian descent. His grandfather was a Serbian soldier who fought on the Salonika front in WW1, to whom he also dedicated a song called ""Pukni zoro"" from his latest album ""Montevideo, Bog te video"" in 2013. His musical path started with music group "U'redu", with whom he recorded his first album, "Let's Dance" (1992). After that, he embarked on a solo career, recording six
Magnifico (musician)
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was lost, it only served as a tactical defeat in the end, as the Central Powers failed their strategic goal of eliminating Romania from the war. The Battle for Bucharest is considered to be the most complex military operation undertaken by the Romanian Army in 1916, both because of the number of men involved and because of its length, as well as because of the length of its front line. Bucharest was eventually liberated after the Central Powers capitulated in 1918. After the battle, minor actions were fought in the fortifications surrounding Bucharest between the invading Germans and the Romanian
Battle of Bucharest
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March 1975. The tree was the sole survivor of a group that had been cut down by Turkish soldiers to cover their trenches with the timber and branches during the ferocious battle in 1915. A plaque was also unveiled by Legacy to commemorate soldiers who fought in WW1. A grove of trees was planted in 2009 in front of Tremearne House to honour a famous student from the 1940s, Alfred Leslie.HRH Prince Charles stayed overnight at VSF during his visit on 28 October 1974 and planted a "Eucalyptus leucoxylon" (yellow gum) near the science laboratory. The school also had a
Victorian School of Forestry
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Adriatic Campaign of World War I The Adriatic Campaign of World War I was a naval campaign fought between the Central Powers and the Mediterranean squadrons of Great Britain, France, the Kingdom of Italy, Australia and the United States. First World War naval action in the Adriatic consisted mainly of Austro-Hungarian bombardments of Italy′s eastern coast, and wider-ranging German and Austro-Hungarian submarine forays into the Mediterranean. Allied forces mainly limited themselves to blockading the Central Powers' navies in the Adriatic, which was successful in regards to surface units, but failed for the U-boats, which found safe harbours and easy passage
Adriatic Campaign of World War I
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tells the story of the Salford, Greater Manchester Pals battalion who fought at the Battle of the Somme in WW1.Sue directed Virtuoso by Bill Humble at 3MT Theatre and produced and directed the MTA award-winning Narcissist In The Mirror (written by and starring her daughter Rosie Fleeshman). Jenkins is married to the actor David Fleeshman and they have three children, also actors, Emily, Richard and Rosie. Jenkins and her eldest daughter Emily are founders of the Actors' Lab Ltd, a Drama Academy in Manchester. They are also patrons of the and Feelgood Theatre Sue Jenkins Susan Elizabeth Jenkins (born 31
Sue Jenkins
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after the entry into war, when Dobruja and Wallachia were occupied by the Central Powers, Romania fought in 1917 and stopped the German advance into Moldavia. When the Bolsheviks sued for peace in 1918, Romania was surrounded by the Central Powers and forced to conclude the Treaty of Bucharest, 1918. However, Ferdinand refused to sign the treaty. When the Allied forces advanced on the Thessaloniki front, they knocked Bulgaria out of the war, and Ferdinand ordered the re-mobilization of the Romanian Army. Romania re-entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente. The outcome of Romania's war effort was
Ferdinand I of Romania
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units that contributed to what became the regular fighting forces of Central Africa through WW1 and WW2 and the Malay Emergency are the Kings African Rifles, The Northern Rhodesia Regiment & the Rhodesia Native Regiment (RNR) and the Rhodesia Rifles (all European) who drew heavily on the traditions and personnel of The Rifles (UK) & The Central African Regiment 1896 -1903 which went on to become The 1st and 2nd (Nyasaland) Battalions in 1902. British Colonial Auxiliary Forces This is a list of auxiliary regiments or units formed by the British in individual colonies of the British Empire. In some
British Colonial Auxiliary Forces
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German merchant ships. Siamese casualties during the war amounted to 19 dead. Two soldiers died before their departure to France, and the remainder perished from accidents or disease. The World War Volunteers Memorial honoring the Siamese soldiers who died in the conflict opened on 22 July 1921, in Sanam Luang, central Bangkok. The last surviving member of the Siamese Expeditionary Corps, Yod Sangrungruang, died on 9 October 2003. Siam in World War I The Kingdom of Siam, now known as Thailand, is possibly one of the least well-known participants in World War I. Siam fought against the Central Powers by
Siam in World War I
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Slovene Australians Slovene Australians are Australian citizens who are fully or partially of Slovene descent or Slovenia-born people who reside in Australia. Central European people called Slovenians began migrating to Australia in the mid-nineteenth century . Until the 1900s, there was only a small number of Slovenian immigrants to Australia. The largest number of Slovenians migrated to Australia after World Wars One and Two . The exact number who came after WW1 is impossible to determine because Slovenians were often classified as Austrians. After WW2, many Slovenian refugees migrated to Australia to escape death and persecution at the hands of
Slovene Australians
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1889 who died September 6, 1911 of TB at age 20 (nineteen days before her father), Charles, who served in WW1 as a pilot and who died of stomach cancer in 1967 at age 72 he had no children and the youngest Victor Henry, who served in the trenches during WW1 where he was gassed but survived and died in 1994 at age 96. He had two children Victor B. Rivers and Timothy C. Rivers who both survive. Maud's father was Charles Fuller Gildersleeve, originally a lawyer but became general manager of the Northern Navigation Company. Victor Brereton Rivers Lieutenant
Victor Brereton Rivers
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such concern and affection for his very common characters. John McNulty was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1895. John’s father died during John’s early childhood. He was raised by his mother, who operated a small store to support her family. John McNulty served to the rank of noncommissioned officer in the U.S. infantry in France during World War I. McNulty fought in several of the war’s major battles. It was sadly at the 1918 Battle of Tardenois, also known as the Second Battle of the Marne, the decisive Allied victory that lead to the Central Powers’ capitulation and the end
John McNulty (journalist)
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Tardif (Guernsey) represented Northern Ireland. The Football Association first joined FIFA in 1905. The "British Associations" (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) opted to leave FIFA after World War I when FIFA chose not to exclude those who were part of the Central Powers from the organisation. The British Associations' stance had changed by 1922 and in 1924 they had rejoined FIFA. The British Olympic Association had fought against 'broken time' - monetary compensation for athletes' earnings when competing in the Olympic games. At the 1925 Olympic Congress in Prague, the British had made an amendment that concluded governing federations should
The Football Association
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Poland and intrasigently hostile to his ["Endecja"] party". At the end of the World War, two governments claimed to be the legitimate governments of Poland: Dmowski's in Paris and Piłsudski's in Warsaw. To put an end to the rival claims of Piłsudski and Dmowski, the composer Ignacy Jan Paderewski met with both men and persuaded them to reluctantly join forces. Both men had something that the other needed. Piłsudski was in possession of Poland after the war, but as the Pole who had fought with the Austrians for the Central Powers against the Russians, he was distrusted by the Allies.
Roman Dmowski
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support among Bulgarians, most notably Aleksandar Stamboliyski. However, Bulgarian nationalists resented Serbia's annexation of Vardar Macedonia in 1913, a region they had sought to incorporate into Bulgaria, and the Bulgarian government thus rejected a pan-South Slavic unification led by Serbia, and fought against Serbia on the side of the Central Powers who had promised Bulgaria Vardar Macedonia in exchange for their alliance. The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934 briefly brought pro-Yugoslav Bulgarians to power. They declared their intention of immediately forming an alliance with France and leading Bulgaria into an integral Yugoslavia, but this was not achieved. Yugoslavists claim that
Yugoslavism
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Anne Dawson (secret agent) Anne Dawson MBE (29 October 1896 - 8 October 1989) was a British spy in occupied Belgium in WW1. She worked for GHQ Army in its Wallinger London unit in 1917-18, reporting to (Sir) Ivone Kirkpatrick who was based in Rotterdam. Anne Dawson was one of only two known British female agents operating behind German lines in Flanders, the other being Edith Cavell who had been a long time resident of Belgium prior to WW1. Anne Dawson was born in Camberwell County, London on 29 October 1896. Her birth certificate shows her (Dutch) given names to
Anne Dawson (secret agent)
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Irish National War Memorial Gardens The Irish National War Memorial Gardens () is an Irish war memorial in Islandbridge, Dublin, dedicated "to the memory of the 49,400 Irish soldiers who gave their lives in the Great War, 1914–1918", out of over 300,000 Irishmen who served in all armies. The Memorial Gardens also commemorate all other Irish men and women who at that time served, fought and died in Irish regiments of the Allied armies, the British, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, South African and United States armies in support of the Triple Entente's war effort against the Central Powers. Following a
Irish National War Memorial Gardens
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from the River Wisłoka, which flows by the town). Just before World War I, Dębica was again incorporated as a town. The war was a disaster for the town, as it was almost completely destroyed. During several campaigns Dębica was occupied by Russian, Austrian, Hungarian and German troops, which fought in this area for many months in 1914 - 1915. The Entente Powers wanted to get through the Carpathian Range towards Slovakia, Bohemia and Hungary, while the Central Powers managed to stop them at the beginning of 1915. These events had a great impact on the town and hampered its
Dębica
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Strategic Services (O.S.S.) founder, Wild Bill Donovan. The film showed Ladd finding love in occupied France under the auspices of the nascent O.S.S., which was the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency. Bosley Crowther of "The New York Times" termed it "tense, tightly written and swiftly paced," and credited the film as the very first on the O.S.S. Several more war-themed films followed, including the sentimental "A Medal for Benny" (1945)) which led to J. Carrol Naish gaining a Best Supporting Actor nomination. "Tomorrow Is Forever," (1946) starred Orson Welles as an American soldier who is presumed killed in WW1
Irving Pichel
659113
of Central Powers, the Soviet forces fought for control over the country with the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Few months later the city was occupied by the French Army and the Greek Army that supported the Russian White Army in its struggle with the Bolsheviks. The Ukrainian general Nikifor Grigoriev who sided with Bolsheviks managed to drive the unwelcome Triple Entente forces out of the city, but Odessa was soon retaken by the Russian White Army. Finally by 1920 the Soviet Red Army managed to overpower both Ukrainian and Russian White Army and secure the city. The people
Odessa
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his mission of blind vengeance and became a true hero, working with various other superheroes such as the Defenders. Jack fought the Thing, who was under mental control of the Machinesmith. Jack Hart was then reunited with a college girlfriend named Marcy Kane (who was also a fellow graduate student of Peter Parker, a.k.a. Spider-Man). Marcy, a scientist, and S.H.I.E.L.D. offered to help find a cure for Jack's dangerous super powers. Jack fought some S.H.I.E.L.D. agents, and his powers were temporarily dampened by Spider-Man. Marcy turned out to be a Contraxian agent sent to Earth to find Jack. It was
Jack of Hearts
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1, 1929. Its original command staff was sent to the Pennsylvania State Police Academy for training. Upon completion, these lieutenants and a captain returned to NC and started the SHP with a training camp for new recruits at Camp Glenn, a WW1 abandoned army post in Morehead City. Chartered to enforce traffic laws only, in the early 1930s the NCSHP had added in its charter that it had powers to deal with among other crimes, bank robbery. This was done at the request of the federal government, so that local states could assist the FBI during the rash of bank
State police (United States)
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Rimathe, Hans Schenkel, Robert Grimm and Charles Naine for the Swiss Party. The resolution adopted by the conference declared that the war was caused by "the imperialist policy of the Great Powers", the competition for markets, and the attempt to suppress the proletariat and Social democracy. It claimed that the Central Powers could not claim this as a fight against Czarism to protect high culture, as they suppressed it in their own lands, and that the Entente could not claim to be fighting for self-determination, as the war was not being fought to free the nations from "capitalist oppression" and
Neutral Socialist Conferences during the First World War
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Il Popolo d'Italia Il Popolo d'Italia ("The People of Italy"), was an Italian newspaper which published editions every day with the exception for Mondays founded by Benito Mussolini in 1914, after his split from the Italian Socialist Party. The paper was founded as a pro-war newspaper during WW1. "Il Popolo d'Italia" ran from November 15, 1914 until July 24, 1943 and became the foundation for the Fascist movement in Italy after World War I. The paper, advocating militarism and irredentism, was subsidized by the French and industrialists on the pretext of influencing Italy to join the Entente Powers. The word
Il Popolo d'Italia
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which she would intervene with the use of her powers. Upon concluding the story, the occult element would wind up in a mason jar in her back room. In the first issue, she apparently became trapped in a burning building. The central couple returns to her shop for nostalgia's sake and discovers her to be quite alive. This was a hint at the extent of her powers. The primary variation in the stories was what the occult threat actually was, be it demonic forces, Asian mummies, vampires, incubi, or other supernatural threats. In one story, she fought Azazel, but he
Madame Xanadu
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and Finland over the latter's independence gained after WW1, Drummond was one of the first to think about a possible solution. Another important factor of his time as Secretary-General was his willingness to step beyond the boundaries given to him in that position. During the crisis over the Chaco War (near the very end of Drummond's career at the League of Nations, 1932–35), he was praised for being a helpful mediator and doing more than his position allowed. One of the less successful moments for the Secretariat was one where Drummond's powers as Secretary-General became most pronounced. Such was the
Eric Drummond, 7th Earl of Perth
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Colin Powers Colin Powers (born 2 February 1956) is a British former boxer who was British light welterweight champion between 1977 and 1979 and European champion in 1978. Born in London, Colin Powers made his professional debut in June 1975 with a win over Kevin Quinn. In September 1976 he fought Des Morrison for the vacant BBBofC Southern Area super lightweight title, Morrison stopping him in the fifth round to inflict the first defeat of his pro career. Powers was unbeaten in the next year, beating Joey Singleton, Clinton McKenzie and Efisio Pinna, leading to a fight against Morrison for
Colin Powers
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War until the war ended in June 1902. He was in command of the 28th battalion Mounted infantry, and on 14 February 1902 received the local rank of Major whilst in command. During the war he fought in the Transvaal, the Orange River Colony, and the Cape Colony. He was mentioned in Despatches for his services (London Gazette, July 29, 1902), and received the Queen's Medal with five clasps. During WW1, he went to France in November 1914 with the Irish Rifles and participated in the First Battle of Ypres. On November 21, 1914, he wrote from the trenches: Again,
George Brenton Laurie
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spite of the raid's failure, the resulting publicity surrounding Boyce's trial brought considerable recruits and funding for the organisation. Forty years following his release, Boyce's prison diaries were published as "The Insider: The Belfast Prison Diaries of Eamonn Boyce, 1956–1962" detailing daily life inside the infamous prison during the Border Campaign. Born in Dublin in 1925, Eamonn Boyce was working as a CIÉ Bus Conductor when he was first recruited by the Irish Republican Army in 1953. His father had fought in the British Army in France during WW1, however he was heavily influenced by his mother's & uncles' backgrounds,
Eamonn Boyce
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Romanians were allowed to wear their national colors as well as receiving spiritual guidance by ethnic-Romanian military priests. In 1914–15 large parts of the Bukovina were occupied by the Russian 8th Army under General Aleksei Brusilov after the Austro-Hungarian defeat in the Battle of Galicia and could only be regained by the united forces of the Central Powers after the German-led Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive and the Russian Great Retreat. The Romanian troops fought bravely, 62 being awarded the Medal for Bravery. In one instance, the 41st Regiment fought for 54 hours continuously. By 4 June 1916, The Bukovinian Romanian casualties were
Duchy of Bukovina
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Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin The Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, also Hungarian conquest or Hungarian land-taking (: "conquest of the homeland"), was a series of historical events ending with the settlement of the Hungarians in Central Europe at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. Before the arrival of the Hungarians, three early medieval powers, the First Bulgarian Empire, East Francia and Moravia, had fought each other for control of the Carpathian Basin. They occasionally hired Hungarian horsemen as soldiers. Therefore, the Hungarians who dwelt on the Pontic steppes east of the Carpathians were familiar with
Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
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related in all essential and significant points." In 1925 he declared: "War is the most terrible hostage of mankind. My voice has always been loud for peace, long before it became a passion, a mode or a necessity to be a pacifist. I have not only spoken for peace, I have even fought against war." In one of his rare science fiction short stories, "The Rider Through Relativity"(1921) the European battlefields of Flanders and the Champagne in WW1 are seen through a reversed chronology narrative. His visionary expressionist play "The Hollow Head of Mars: A Modern Masque in Four Phases"
Herman George Scheffauer
5401785
creating an ice wall blocking the path to their objective). After encasing Blacklash in ice, the trio fled as reinforcements arrived to protect Force. The trio again tried to capture Force, who was protected by Iron Man. Although Blizzard fought better, when Force entered the fight he neutralized the villains' powers. Blizzard, Beetle, and Blacklash split up, fled and rested until their powers returned. Force found Blizzard, whose powers were ineffective against him so Blizzard fought him with bare hands. Force repelled him, blasting him through a wall. Blizzard doggedly tried to blast Force again (despite warnings), and was electrocuted.
Blizzard (comics)
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the Kherubim. Once inside the machine, Helspont fought Imperator (a Kherubim with powers like Majestic) while Majestic and Spartan took on other enemies. Helspont put up a good fight, easily beating Imperator for most of their battle, but the more they fought, the more his hate for Kherubim grew, and he stopped fighting smart. Imperator took the opportunity to laser Helspont's throat, then punch through him, ending his life. Or so he thought. Helspont, using his Daemonite powers, jumped into the body of Desmond, who was still connected to the machine. His mind now part of the Planet Shaper, he
Helspont
2014608
ceremony. While Russia was formally excluded from the Conference, despite having fought the Central Powers for three years, the Russian Provincial Council (chaired by Prince Lvov), the successor to the Russian Constituent Assembly and the political arm of the Russian White movement attended the conference. It was represented by the former Tsarist minister Sergey Sazonov who, if the Tsar had not been overthrown, would most likely have attended the conference anyway. The Council maintained the position of an indivisible Russia, but some were prepared to negotiate over the loss of Poland and Finland. The Council suggested all matters relating to
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
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the commencement of WW1, the government of the day desired to place all matters relating to wireless telegraphy under defence control while necessary. To this end the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 was amended to provide greater flexibility by replacing the delegation of powers specifically to the "Postmaster-General" to "the Minister for the time being administering the Act." https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1915A00033 Upon the amendment of the Wireless Regulations to transfer control of wireless from the Postmaster-General's Department to Department of Defence, the entire staff of the PMG's wireless section was transferred to Department of Navy. Again, while it appeared clear that the Constitution
History of broadcasting in Australia
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Brest-Litovsk, he left for Warsaw (then still occupied by the Central Powers), where he planned to enter the reopened Warsaw University to complete his education. Kopański was unable to realize his plans, however, as Poland regained its independence in November 1918 and immediately became engaged in the Polish–Ukrainian War. The Polish Army badly needed experienced officers, and Kopański joined the 1st Uhlans Regiment, with which he fought in the battles of Przemyśl, Gródek Jagielloński and Lwów. At the end of hostilities, Kopański remained in the army and fought in the opening stages of the Polish–Soviet War in the Lida and
Stanisław Kopański
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it fought at Batoche and Cut Knife Creek. The regiment later provided personnel to the Yukon Field Force (1898–1900), which assisted the North-West Mounted Police in the Yukon during the Gold Rush. The Regiment was then in the South African (Boer) War (1899–1903), its overseas deployment was delayed by a garrison assignment in Bermuda from September 1914 until August 1915. Upon returning to Nova Scotia, its members attested for overseas service with the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), arriving in France in October 1915 to fight in WW1. The regiment's name was changed to The Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry in
The Royal Canadian Regiment
5946945
Nethertown railway station Nethertown Railway Station is spectacularly-located on the coast, and serves the nearby village of Nethertown in Cumbria, England. Nethertown railway station is a request stop on the Cumbrian Coast Line north west of Barrow-in-Furness. It is operated by Northern who provide all passenger train services. In 1914 at the start of WW1 the passing loop was expanded to cater for the increased length of trains and to help with the extended length of trains brought about by WW1. In May 1916 the shunting neck was extended and an additional 90 yards of sidings were provided. The station
Nethertown railway station
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Gnome. Aquaman fought a woman in a green fishlike costume who called herself the Undine. Elsewhere Wonder Woman fought a blonde woman in blue who called herself the Sylph. Additionally, Batman fought a fiery woman in a red reptilian costume who called herself the Salamander. Strangely, their costumes proved to be ill-fitted for their powers; despite this, the Elementals put the heroes in grave danger. The veteran heroes manage to subdue the Elementals with the help of Robin, the Wonder Twins and Gleek. Back at the Super Friends' Hall of Justice in Gotham City, Batman identified the four Elementals as
Elementals (DC Comics)
9114589
(also included in East Africa); Malawi; Zambia; and Zimbabwe — as well as Comoros, Mauritius, Seychelles, Mayotte, and Réunion, which are small islands in the Indian Ocean. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, though more commonly reckoned in Central and Eastern Africa respectively, are occasionally included in Southern Africa. This commonality between these countries has had a great influence on their military history. The most notable wars and conflicts in Southern Africa were those between the colonial powers of Europe who fought to dominate and control the African people of Southern Africa as well as the wars between
Military history of Africa
10393000
name "vila" denotes Slavic nymphs or fairies, female anthropomorphic spirits of woods, mountains, clouds, and waters, who had magical powers. In the region of Tamnava, north-western Central Serbia, the "vilovit" men were also called "vetrenjaks". An early mention of "vetrenjaks" is found in a short story by Serbian writer Milovan Glišić, published in 1875. In the story, men from Krnić and nearby villages talk about a battle their "vetrenjaks" fought on a hill to repel a hail storm brought by alien "vetrenjaks". They uprooted oaks and beat each other with them, their bodies turning black and blue from the blows.
Zduhać
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Kitbuqa, general of Mongol forces in the Levant, who fought in alliance with Christians. Marital alliances with Western powers also occurred, as in the 1265 marriage of Maria Palaiologina, daughter of Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus, with Abaqa. Tokhta, Oljeitu and Ozbeg had Greek Khatun as well. The Mongol Empire contained the lands of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Caucasus and Russia, the Apostolic church in Armenia and the Assyrian Church of Nestorians in Central Asia and Persia. The 13th century saw attempts at a Franco-Mongol alliance with the exchange of ambassadors and even military collaboration with European Christians in the
Religion in the Mongol Empire
63651
Russia, where they fought against the Central Powers and later against Bolshevik troops. In 1918, during the collapse of the Habsburg Empire at the end of World War I, the independent republic of Czechoslovakia, which joined the winning Allied powers, was created, with Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk in the lead. This new country incorporated the Bohemian Crown (Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia) and parts of the Kingdom of Hungary (Slovakia and the Carpathian Ruthenia) with significant German, Hungarian, Polish and Ruthenian speaking minorities. Czechoslovakia concluded a treaty of alliance with Romania and Yugoslavia (the so-called Little Entente) and particularly with France. The
Czech Republic
20856125
first Hazara came to Europe were in 1800s and they were from the Indian British army infantry regiment 106th Hazara Pioneers, 4th Hazara Pioneers and 108th Hazara Pioneers they were fought in WW1 on side of allies in France) but more recent Hazaras came to Europe after NATO Forces left Afghanistan. Most Hazaras in Europe are followers of Islam but there is also a sizable Hazara Christian community living in Europe. Hazaras in Europe Hazara in Europe () are people of Hazara descent living in Europe today hundreds of thousand are residents in Europe. The vast majority form part of
Hazaras in Europe
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roundly abused by all the elders of the kingitanga. Te Puea's support base was mainly with the lower Waikato tribes initially-she was a minor figure for up river iwi such as Maniapoto. Because of Waikato's anti government stance on conscription during WW1 and Te Puea's personal involvement in hiding conscripts, she was not a popular figure with government or local pakeha after WW1. Because of the German background of her father Te Puea was often accused of being a traitor. After WW1, farmers were reluctant to offer Kingites work and during the Royal visit of the Prince of Wales the
Te Puea Herangi
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independence from the Habsburg state. In 1917, during World War I, Tomáš Masaryk created the Czechoslovak National Council together with Edvard Beneš and Milan Štefánik (a Slovak astronomer and war hero). Masaryk in the United States, Štefánik in France, and Beneš in France and Britain worked tirelessly to secure Allied recognition. About 1.4 million Czech soldiers fought in World War I, 150,000 of which died. More than 90,000 Czech and Slovak volunteers formed the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia, France and Italy, where they fought against the Central Powers and later with White Russian forces against Bolshevik troops. At times they
History of Czechoslovakia
18573784
in 1914, he entered a seminary in Poznań (Posen), but did not complete his studies, as in 1915 he was drafted into the German Army. Cyms fought both on Western and Eastern fronts of WW1, also completing a cadet school at Biederitz. In 1917, he was promoted to the rank of Second lieutenant. After returning to Provinz Posen, he joined Polish Military Organisation’s local office in Gniezno. He actively participated in the Greater Poland Uprising: with his unit, Cyms first liberated Gniezno, then other local towns, such as Trzemeszno, Mogilno, Strzelno and Kruszwica. Due to his skills, Polish rebels captured
Paweł Cyms
14458690
his brothers, Elias, Duke of Parma and Felix fought on the opposite side joining the Austrian Army and the cause of the central powers. Their sister, Zita, was married to Archduke Charles of Austria, who became the Austrian Emperor on November 21, 1916. At the fall of Habsburg monarchy in 1918, Prince René moved to France. On 9 June 1921, Prince René married Princess Margaret of Denmark in Copenhagen. She was a daughter of Prince Valdemar of Denmark (himself a younger son of Christian IX of Denmark) by his wife Princess Marie of Orléans. Though her father was a Lutheran,
Prince René of Bourbon-Parma
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first general strikes in an industrial country. On 2324 August 1914, Mons was the location of the Battle of Mons—the first battle fought by the British Army in World War I. The British were forced to retreat with just over 1,600 casualties, and the town remained occupied by the Germans until its liberation by the Canadian Corps during the final days of the war. Within the front entrance to the City hall, there are several memorial placards related to the WW1 battles and in particular, one has the inscription: <poem> MONS WAS RECAPTURED BY THE CANADIAN CORPS ON THE 11th
Mons
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fought at the Battle of Jutland: the WW1 cruiser "HMS Caroline". To congratulate Russians on Navy Day, Wargaming created a PortHub augmented reality mobile app that allowed users take snapshots with warships. As part of the 100 Years of Tanks celebration, Wargaming presented the "Virtually inside the First Tanks 360°" video that featured a walkthrough of Bovington's collection of early tanks, enhanced by World of Tanks in-game scenes of the Mark I, and the free Tank 100 mobile app. The latest series in its range of 360° videos, "Virtual Inside the Warships", is set to debut soon and will feature
Wargaming (company)
18906957
Battle of Dunajetz The Battles of Dunajetz occurred in May 1915 as part of the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive during World War I. They were fought between the Russians (who were camped out along the line of the Dunajec river, the right tributary of the Vistula) and a force led by German General August von Mackensen to push the Russians out of Galicia and Vistula land (what is now Poland). From August 1914 until early spring 1915, the Central powers prioritized war on the Western front to their Eastern front. This allowed Russian troops to steadily advance through Galicia, taking the Austrian
Battle of Dunajetz
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Scandinavia in the 1530s, and Scandinavia soon became one of the heartlands of Lutheranism. Catholicism almost completely vanished in Scandinavia, except for a small population in Denmark. The Thirty Years' War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the Central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire but also involving most of the major continental powers. Although it was from its outset a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, the self-preservation of the Habsburg dynasty was also a central motive. The Danes and then Swedes intervened at various points to protect their interests. The Danish
History of Scandinavia
20018834
Chopin, Research Director at the Robert Schuman Foundation, Tomáš Sedláček, chief macroeconomist at ČSOB, Iryna Solonenko, Researcher at European University Viadrina and Associate Fellow at the Robert Bosch Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia, or Jana Hybášková, Head of the Delegation of the EU to Namibia The conference included a key-note speech by Lubomír Zaorálek, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, in which he emphasised the importance of acting as a united Europe and avoiding the freeriding of some members. Alluding to the situation before WW1, he warned against sleepwalking into a conflict
Prague European Summit
5973383
the clubs foundation year (1965). The club has a loyal following in the city. Their ultras are known as ‘Tarzanlar’, named after a local hero known as ‘Manisa Tarzanı’ (Tarzan of Manisa). He was a veteran of WW1 decorated with military honors who gave up his privileges, giving all his money to the poor, to commit his life to the reforrestation of Manisa after most of the city's trees and green areas were burned down during WW1. Manisaspor Manisaspor is a professional Turkish football club located in the city of Manisa. Originally formed in 1931 as Sakaryaspor, the club changed
Manisaspor
5210983
settlement blocks were established in Birdwoodton and Merbein West during and after WW1 and many streets were named after local soldiers who died in WW1. The district's horticulture and viticultural industries also attracted many European immigrants to the area. Kenny, known as the 'Father of Merbein', died suddenly in 1925 and his contribution to the success of the settlement was acknowledged with the naming of Kenny Park. Today, Merbein continues to be an irrigation district, diversifying from the growing of dried grapes and citrus to a wide variety of wine and table grapes, asparagus, almonds, mushrooms and vegetables. As well
Merbein
10361947
Third Perso-Turkic War The Third Perso-Turkic War was the third and final conflict between the Sassanian Empire and the Western Turkic Khaganate. Unlike the previous two wars, it was not fought in Central Asia, but in Transcaucasia. Hostilities were initiated in 627 AD by Khagan Tong Yabghu of the Western Göktürks and Emperor Heraclius of the Eastern Roman Empire. Opposing them were the Sassanid Persians, allied with the Avars. The war was fought against the background of the last Byzantine-Sassanid War and served as a prelude to the dramatic events that changed the balance of powers in the Middle East
Third Perso-Turkic War
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November 1917 along with his troops he was dispatched to Ukraine and the South Russia (Don River region). On 23 February 1918 Sivers' forces occupied Rostov-na-Donu and then Taganrog. In March - April 1918 Siver put in charge of the 2nd Special Army (originally the 5th Army) and fought against the advancing forces of Central Powers near Kharkiv and Kupyansk despite the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The army was eventually merged with the Voronezh Detachment. Since summer of 1918 Sivers fought at the Russian Southern Front commanded the 1st Special Ukrainian Brigade as part of the 9th Army against the forces
Rudolf Sivers