where is panama canal located on the map
the Isthmus of Panama
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Panama Canal The Panama Canal () is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, 26 m (85 ft) above sea level, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 34 m (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007
Panama Canal
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during the years 1853 and 1854, included in their study a map of the province of Chocó dated 1856. The study is titled: “Company Atlantic-Pacific Canal; Report on the Mapping of the Atrato, Pató and Baudó Rivers” (New York, 1856). In late 1854 Frederick M. Kelley sponsored the fifth expedition under the command of Captain William Kennish. This expedition crossed the Isthmus of Panama. They arrived in Panama City where they bought a ship and sailed on the Pacific coast towards Humboldt Bay 7° north latitude, they found the estuary of the Curiche river that Kennish named the "Kelley inlet".
Frederick Kelley
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the Panamanian Oncology Hospital, primarily used for cancer research. The area also houses Panama's Supreme Court, just a few feet away from the Gorgas Army Hospital building, and several Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute buildings for research into tropical biology. Ancón is also a parish ("parroquia") of the District of Panama, located in the Panama Canal adjacent area. The area where the district of Ancón is located was always conceived as a place of transit. From the Spanish arrival on the Isthmus of Panama in 1501, it was thought to build there a road between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, an
Ancón, Panama
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Florida State University-Panama Florida State University-Panama, or FSU-Panama is an international branch campus of Florida State University located on the isthmus of Panama. FSU has operating a broad curriculum program in Panama City of the Republic of Panama for over 50 years. The campus, located by the Miraflores Locks of the Panama Canal, provides students with many facilities, including the largest English-language library in the Republic of Panama, computer facilities, research facilities, student housing, and athletic facilities. The student population is generally international and comes from the United States, the Republic of Panama and other countries. The first campus was
Florida State University-Panama
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29 November 1918, she loaded a cargo of nitrates before departing on the morning of 6 December 1918. Reaching Balboa in the Panama Canal Zone on the Pacific Ocean side of the Isthmus of Panama on 15 December 1918, she transited the Panama Canal that day and left Cristóbal on the Caribbean Sea side of the canal the same evening bound for Jacksonville, Florida. She reached Jacksonville on 22 December 1918 and discharged her cargo there. "Bellingham" got underway from Jacksonville on 10 January 1919 and steamed up the United States East Coast to Charleston, South Carolina, where she arrived
USS Bellingham (ID-3552)
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the former Italian governmental navigation company known as the "Italian Line". This service can be requested from the Panama canal authority at any time who will consider each request. Panama Canal The Panama Canal () is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, 26 m (85 ft) above sea level,
Panama Canal
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United States government handed over control of the Canal Zone and railway to the government of Panama. On 19 June 1998, the government of Panama turned over control to the private Panama Canal Railway Company ("PCRC"). The Panama Railway was originally broad gauge broad gauge, but when it was rebuilt in 2000, the gauge was changed to standard gauge . The route is long across the Isthmus of Panama from Colón (Atlantic) to Balboa (Pacific, near Panama City). As of 2015, Panama Canal Railway Company runs both passenger and freight trains between Panama City and Colón. Passenger service consists of
Rail transport in Panama
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Panama Canal The Panama Canal () is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, 26 m (85 ft) above sea level, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 34 m (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007
Panama Canal
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Panama Canal Railway The Panama Canal Railway () is a railway line linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in Central America. The route stretches across the Isthmus of Panama from Colón (Atlantic) to Balboa (Pacific, near Panama City). Because of the difficult physical conditions of the route and state of technology, the construction was renowned as an international engineering achievement, one that cost US$8 million and the lives of an estimated 5,000 to 10,000 workers. Opened in 1855, the railway preceded the Panama Canal by half a century; the ship canal was later constructed parallel to the railway.
Panama Canal Railway
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(which was used by Balboa High School, as well as used as the field for weekly Friday football games and tryouts, and cheerleading meets and tryouts) are all leftovers of the Panama Canal Zone days, as well as the Balboa High School days. Balboa High School (Panama) Balboa High School was a public high school in the former Canal Zone on the isthmus of Panama. The history of Balboa High School is intimately bound to the history of the Panama Canal and the Canal Zone. Given the temporary nature of the enterprise, public secondary education for white, US employees' children
Balboa High School (Panama)
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University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection The University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection includes materials from the University of Florida Libraries' Government Documents Department, the UF Libraries' Latin American Collection, the UF Libraries' Map & Imagery Library, and other shared collections including the "Panama and the Canal Digital Collection", which is in collaboration with the Panama Canal Museum. The UF Libraries' Government Documents Department is also the Center of Excellence for the US Panama Canal Commission (and its predecessor agencies). Ernest "Red" Hallen's photographs make up a large portion of the University of Florida Panama and
University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection
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the Canal Collection. University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection The University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection includes materials from the University of Florida Libraries' Government Documents Department, the UF Libraries' Latin American Collection, the UF Libraries' Map & Imagery Library, and other shared collections including the "Panama and the Canal Digital Collection", which is in collaboration with the Panama Canal Museum. The UF Libraries' Government Documents Department is also the Center of Excellence for the US Panama Canal Commission (and its predecessor agencies). Ernest "Red" Hallen's photographs make up a large portion of the University of
University of Florida Panama and the Canal Collection
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Gamboa, Panama Gamboa is a small town in the Republic of Panama. It was one of a handful of permanent Canal Zone townships, built to house employees of the Panama Canal and their dependents. The name Gamboa is the name of a tree of the quince family. Gamboa is located on a sharp bend of the Chagres River at the point which feeds Lake Gatun. Just south of Gamboa, Lake Gatun and the Chagres meet the Culebra Cut (Gaillard Cut) where the Canal cuts through the Continental Divide. Thus, though Gamboa is closer to the Pacific side of Panama, its
Gamboa, Panama
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In 1904, the Taft agreement required that Canal Zone stamps be produced by overprinting Panama stamps, and that 40% of their face value was to be paid to Panama. Somewhat similar to the map design of the first issues of 1904, the Third Series of Canal Zone stamps went on sale December 12, 1904. This issue was first overprinted by Mr. C. Bertoncini who was the Chief of the Canal Zone Division of Map Making, and then transferred to the Printing Bureau of the Engineering Department, also known as the 'Commission Printing Office', in August 1905. The Third Series is
Postage stamps and postal history of the Canal Zone
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crosses the Panama Canal, was built just north of Paraiso in the early 21st century and inaugurated hastily in 2004. Just above the town is a spot where the East Access of the Centennial Bridge highway crosses the continental divide. Panama Canal Company, The Panama Canal Review, "Your Town - Paraiso," November 4, 1955. Paraíso, Panamá Province Paraíso is a town in the Republic of Panama, located just north of the Panama Canal's Pedro Miguel Locks. It was a vibrant township of the old Canal Zone, though it was segregated for most of its history. During Panama's Spanish colonial era,
Paraíso, Panamá Province
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Air Forces Europe, the group mission is to command expeditionary units as directed. The United States Army constituted the 32nd Pursuit Group in late 1940. Shortly afterwards, on 1 January 1941, the Panama Canal Air Force activated the group at Rio Hato Army Air Base, Panama. For the most part, however, the group consisted only of cadres provided by other units in the Canal Zone. Although headquarters were at Rio Hato, as a tactical organization it was located at Albrook Field, where all pursuit organizations in the Panama Canal Zone were concentrated, and its squadrons had only an average of
32nd Air Expeditionary Group
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Liberty donated by the Boy Scouts of America. Until 1979, when the Canal Zone as a solely US territory was abolished under the terms of the Panama Canal Treaties, the town of Balboa was the administrative center of the Canal Zone, and remained so until midday on December 31, 1999, by which time, according to the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, the Panama Canal and all its assets and territories were fully returned to the Panamanian government. The Panama Canal Administration Building, the former seat of the Canal Zone Government and Panama Canal Company, is located in Balboa Heights and continues to perform
Balboa, Panama
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1999, the United States officially transferred control of the Panama Canal Zone to Panama, which remains in control today. The city of Panama is still a banking center, although with very visible controls in the flow of cash. Shipping is handled through port facilities in the area of Balboa operated by the Hutchison Whampoa Company of Hong Kong and through several ports on the Caribbean side of the isthmus. Balboa, which is located within the greater Panama metropolitan area, was formerly part of the Panama Canal Zone, and the administration of the former Panama Canal Zone was headquartered there. Panamá
Panama City
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Colón, Panama Colón () is a city and sea port in Panama, beside the Caribbean Sea, lying near the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal. It is the capital of Panama's Colón Province and has traditionally been known as Panama's second city. Originally it was located entirely on Manzanillo Island, surrounded by Limon Bay, Manzanillo Bay and the Folks River; however, since the disestablishment of the Panama Canal Zone, the city's limits have been redefined to include Fort Gulick, a former U.S. Army base, as well the former Canal Zone towns of Cristobal, Margarita and Coco Solo. The city was
Colón, Panama
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Rainforest Resort is a 5-star hotel located in Gamboa. The Resort has developed 2 Indian reservations (Embera and Wounaa) an aerial tram to visit the jungle canopy, and many other attractions which now draw many people to the otherwise sleepy town. Gamboa, Panama Gamboa is a small town in the Republic of Panama. It was one of a handful of permanent Canal Zone townships, built to house employees of the Panama Canal and their dependents. The name Gamboa is the name of a tree of the quince family. Gamboa is located on a sharp bend of the Chagres River at
Gamboa, Panama
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Fort Kobbe Fort Kobbe was an Army fort renamed from Fort Bruja on 15 April 1932 to honor Major General William A. Kobbe. At the time it was located adjacent to Howard Air Force Base in the Panama Canal Zone. In the 1930s it was primarily a United States Army Coast Artillery Corps post. It was located on the west side of the Panama Canal. Most of the area around it was uninhabited (part of the Panama Canal Zone watershed), though Panama City could be reached by crossing the nearby Bridge of the Americas. An rock quarry was operated intermittently
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Fort Sherman Fort Sherman is a former United States Army base in Panama, located on Toro Point at the Caribbean (northern) end of the Panama Canal, on the western bank of the Canal directly opposite Colón (which is on the eastern bank). It was the primary defensive base for the Caribbean sector of the Canal, and was also the center for US jungle warfare training for some time. Its Pacific-side partner was Fort Amador. Both bases were turned over to Panama in 1999. Concurrent with the Canal construction a number of defensive locations were developed to protect it, both with
Fort Sherman
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is located between the Pacific Ocean and tropical rain forest in the northern part of Panama. The "Parque Natural Metropolitano" (Metropolitan Nature Park), stretching from Panama City along the Panama Canal, has unique bird species and other animals, such as tapir, puma, and caimans. At the Pacific entrance of the canal is the "Centro de Exhibiciones Marinas" (Marine Exhibitions Center), a research center for those interested in tropical marine life and ecology, managed by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Tropical forests around Panama are vital for the functioning of the Panama Canal, providing it with the water required for its
Panama City
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Balboa, Panama Balboa is a district of Panama City, located at the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. The town of Balboa, founded by the United States during the construction of the Panama Canal, was named after Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the Spanish conquistador credited with discovering the Pacific Ocean. The name was suggested to the Canal Zone authorities by the Peruvian ambassador to Panama. Prior to being drained, filled and leveled by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the hilly area north of Panama City was home to a few subsistence ranches and unused marshlands. The town of Balboa,
Balboa, Panama
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July 7. The Atacama Desert map was made available for Rush and the Port Valdez map for Conquest. "Map Pack 5" was released on July 28. The White Pass map was made available for Rush and the Nelson Bay map for Conquest. "Map Pack 6" was released on August 18. The Panama Canal map was made available for Squad Deathmatch and the Laguna Presa map for Squad Rush. "Map Pack 7" was released on December 1, and includes two maps ported from the first "Bad Company" game; "Oasis" and "Harvest Day", both of which are playable in all game modes.
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as well. It was co-located with the department headquarters at Quarry Heights, under the command of the department commander. During World War II, the department reached its peak strength in January 1943, when 68,000 men were under its control. On 1 November 1947 it was replaced by United States Army Caribbean, part of the joint Caribbean Command. The following officers are known to have commanded the department: Panama Canal Department The Panama Canal Department was a department (geographical command) of the United States Army, responsible for the defense of the Panama Canal Zone between 1917 and 1947. The Isthmian Canal
Panama Canal Department
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Canal, to supply potable water for the cities of Panama, Colon and la Chorrera, and the generation of electricity for the cities of Panama and Colon. For the operation of the Panama Canal it is necessary to maintain high water levels, since each boat that crosses the locks needs around 52 million nonrecoverable gallons of fresh water. Chagres National Park The Chagres National Park is located between the Province of Panama and Colon, in the Eastern sector of the Panama Canal with a total surface area of . The park contains tropical rain forests and a set of rivers which
Chagres National Park
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a port in Panama; its first in the Americas, which would be sited at the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. The port concession was approved by the National Assembly of Panama in April 2008. The port opened in December 2010; the first ship to use the port was "Beluga Festival". PSA Panama International Terminal PSA Panama International Terminal is a port built by PSA International on the site of the former United States Navy Rodman Naval Base located southwest of Panama City at the entrance to the canal from the Pacific Ocean. Construction of the naval station began in
PSA Panama International Terminal
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Air Forces Panama Air Forces Panama is an inactive United States Air Force (USAF) headquarters. It was assigned to Tactical Air Command, most recently to Twelfth Air Force. Its headquarters were located at Albrook Air Force Station and Howard Air Force Base in the Panama Canal Zone (later Panama). The organization was inactivated on 11 February 1992. The unit was activated as the USAF Southern Air Division in 1976 to replace the United States Southern Command Air Forces as the USAF component of United States armed forces in the Panama Canal Zone. Southern Command Air Forces was simultaneously disestablished as
Air Forces Panama
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Panama Canal Authority The Panama Canal Authority () is the agency of the government of Panama responsible for the operation and management of the Panama Canal. The ACP took over the administration of the canal from the Panama Canal Commission, the joint US–Panama agency that managed the canal, on December 31, 1999, when the canal was handed over from the United States to Panama as per the Torrijos–Carter Treaties. The Panama Canal Authority is established under Title XIV of the National Constitution, and has exclusive responsibility for the operation, administration, management, preservation, maintenance, and modernization of the canal. It is
Panama Canal Authority
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promoted formal workshops at each level of education (primary, secondary, and post-secondary); however, there is no curriculum relevant to the pending canal project. The American-led Foundation for Sustainable Development is another partner that provides training initiatives to Nicaraguans that cannot access formal education. One of FSD's support sites is located at Tola, which is within close proximity of the proposed Brito–Pacific canal opening. As the original Panama Canal still has capacity for Panamax-sized shipping and Panama has completed its Panama Canal expansion project, adding more capacity and allowing transit for even larger New Panamax size ships, projections for the Nicaragua
Nicaragua Canal
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Andean system of South America. The spine that forms the divide is the highly eroded arch of an uplift from the sea bottom, in which peaks were formed by volcanic intrusions. The mountain range of the divide is called the Cordillera de Talamanca near the Costa Rican border. Farther east it becomes the Serranía de Tabasará, and the portion of it closer to the lower saddle of the isthmus, where the Panama Canal is located, is often called the Sierra de Veraguas. As a whole, the range between Costa Rica and the canal is generally referred to by geographers as
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issue stamps, issued in 1929. In 1938 the Canal Zone Postal Authorities issued a series of stamps commemorating the 25th Silver Jubilee anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal, and the 10th anniversary of airmail service there. This series was printed on the flat plate printing press. The Globe and Wing airmail stamps were issued 1951—1958 a six-stamp series replacing the Gaillard Cut permanent series with a more modern depiction of a winged airmail allegorical image. The image is superimposed on a depiction of a map of the Americas centered on the Canal Zone. Printed on the flat plate
Postage stamps and postal history of the Canal Zone
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Authority Board of Directors is made up of the following members: Panama Canal Authority The Panama Canal Authority () is the agency of the government of Panama responsible for the operation and management of the Panama Canal. The ACP took over the administration of the canal from the Panama Canal Commission, the joint US–Panama agency that managed the canal, on December 31, 1999, when the canal was handed over from the United States to Panama as per the Torrijos–Carter Treaties. The Panama Canal Authority is established under Title XIV of the National Constitution, and has exclusive responsibility for the operation,
Panama Canal Authority
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Howard Air Force Base Howard Air Force Base, , is a former United States Air Force base located in Panama. It discontinued military operations on 1 November 1999 as a result of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which specified that US military facilities in the former Panama Canal Zone be closed and the facilities be turned over to the Panamanian government. After demilitarization, the facility reopened as Panamá Pacífico International Airport in 2014. The airport is located 6 miles southwest of Balboa, at the southern (Pacific) end of the Panama Canal. Most of the area around it was uninhabited and formed part
Howard Air Force Base
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centrally located to support either end. By 1915, a consolidated command was designated as Headquarters, U.S. Troops, Panama Canal Zone. The command reported directly to the Army's Eastern Department headquartered at Fort Jay, Governors Island, New York. The headquarters of this newly created command was first located in the Isthmian Canal Commission building in the town of Ancon, adjacent to Panama City. It relocated in 1916 to the nearby newly designated military post of Quarry Heights, which had begun construction in 1911. On 1 July 1917, the Panama Canal Department was activated as a geographic command of the U.S. Army.
United States Southern Command
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Panama Canal fence The Panama Canal fence was not a name used by the citizens of the Canal Zone. It was a low fence, for the majority of its length, part of it chain link. It sat atop a retaining wall alongside a short stretch of a busy highway, the Fourth of July Avenue. The fence was located across the street from the border of the Republic of Panama, within the Canal Zone. It was similar to the fences one might see along major highways in the United State and elsewhere in the world, It was constructed concurrent with the
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the Panama Canal changed hands on 31 December 1999, from the United States to Panama. DoD elements began drawing down more than a year earlier, in anticipation of the deadline established by the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The last of the fixed-wing US aircraft departed Howard Air Force Base on 1 May 1999. On 1 November 1999, the 24th Wing inactivated and Howard Air Force Base was turned over to the Panamanian government. Howard Air Force Base Howard Air Force Base, , is a former United States Air Force base located in Panama. It discontinued military operations on 1
Howard Air Force Base
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established in 1957 and served as an academic institution where U.S. military and Zonians located in the Panama Canal Zone could continue their education while staying in Panama. In the 1990s, the university was located in the Albrook 808 Building in a former U.S. Army Air Force station. Courses on international affairs, computer science, psychology, and economics were given. Most of the students were U.S. citizens or relatives. After Albrook was reverted to the Panamanian state, FSU moved to the Chino Panameno School, giving classes at night for people who worked from 1997 to 1999. The campus had various locations
Florida State University-Panama
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the Panama Canal. Most of the area around it is uninhabited and forms part of the Canal Zone watershed. The runway has full instrument approach facilities. The runway length does not include displaced thresholds on each end. There is high terrain just northwest of the runway. The Taboga Island VOR-DME (Ident: TBG) is located south-southeast of the airport. The Taboga Island non-directional beacon (Ident: TBG) is located south-southeast of the airport. The Tocumen VOR-DME (Ident: TUM) is located northeast of the airport. Panama benefited from the closure of the air base. Some of the former military base is used to
Panamá Pacífico International Airport
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Albrook Air Force Station Albrook Air Force Station is a former United States Air Force facility in Panama. It was closed on 30 September 1997 as a result of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties which specified that United States military facilities in the former Panama Canal Zone be closed and the facilities be turned over to the Panamanian government. It was located on the east side of the Panama Canal just south of Fort Clayton and north of the township of Balboa, Panama. Beginning in January 1999, the air field initiated civilian air service as Albrook "Marcos A. Gelabert" International Airport. After
Albrook Air Force Station
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Artificially created in 1913 by damming the Chagres River, Gatun Lake is an essential part of the Panama Canal, providing the millions of liters of water necessary to operate the Panama Canal locks each time a ship passes through. At the time it was formed, Gatun Lake was the largest human-made lake in the world. The impassable rainforest around the lake has been the best defense of the Panama Canal. Today these areas remain practically unscathed by human interference and are one of the few accessible areas where various native Central American animal and plant species can be observed undisturbed
Panama Canal
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by Law No. 1 of October 27, 1982. The areas located in the Pacific sector became part of this district, while those located on the Atlantic side were incorporated into the district of Cristobal, in the province of Colon. They remain characterized by a strong US urban architectural style. Due to its geographical location, the district of Ancón is of great importance for the economy of Panama. In it are located most of the administrative facilities and services related to the Panama Canal. Balboa is home to the port of Panama City. The district also home to the Administrative Unit
Ancón, Panama
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PSA Panama International Terminal PSA Panama International Terminal is a port built by PSA International on the site of the former United States Navy Rodman Naval Base located southwest of Panama City at the entrance to the canal from the Pacific Ocean. Construction of the naval station began in 1932 and completed in 1937. The station was named for Admiral Hugh Rodman, USN officer, who served as Marine Superintendent and Superintendent of Transportation of the Canal Zone in 1914. Naval Station Rodman played an important role during World War II in support of the Pacific War and during the Cold
PSA Panama International Terminal
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commissary was off limits to individuals who were not in the U.S. Military, employees of the Panama Canal Company, the Canal Zone Government and/or their dependents. This restriction was requested by Panama for the benefit of Panamanian storekeepers, who feared the loss of trade. Panama had laws restricting imports from the Canal Zone. Goods from the commissary would sometimes show up in Panamanian stores and in vendor displays, where "Comisariato" goods were deemed of high quality. Additionally, there were separate commissaries on the U.S. military installations that were available only to the U.S. Military personnel and their dependents. Employees and
Panama Canal Zone
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Harbor Engineering Company, an experienced construction company, offered to design, construct, and finance a fourth set of locks in Panama, where it opened a regional headquarters. If built to the width of the proposed Nicaragua Canal, it would cut across far fewer kilometers, and still cost only $10 billion, according to the firm. Panama is in a much better financial situation than Nicaragua to afford taking on such debt and already has a stream of income from its existing canals. Furthermore, the Suez Canal, with financing already complete, has put competitive pressure on Panama, by initiating an expansion, in August
Nicaragua Canal
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On 20 December, Captain Yates Stirling, Jr. assumed command of the transport from Commander Moses and she returned to sea, bound for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where she disembarked marines. On 27 December, she got underway for the Panama Canal Zone. The ship transited the canal on 29 December and entered the drydock at Balboa, Panama that afternoon. Over the next three weeks, she received repairs of the damage to her bow. On 20 January 1918, the ship floated out of the dock and then retransited the canal. After coaling at Colón, Panama, she departed the Canal Zone and headed back
SS Kronprinz Wilhelm
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City is twinned with: Panama City is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities from 12 October 1982 establishing brotherly relations with the following cities: Panama City Panama City (; ) is the capital and largest city of Panama. It has an urban population of 880,691, with over 1.5 million in its metropolitan area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, in the province of Panama. The city is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as a hub for banking and commerce. The city of Panama was founded on August
Panama City
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presence in Central America, especially in Panama. The American-owned and operated both the Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad, but with the looming war in Europe, the United States felt it necessary to establish a more direct connection with Panama. Therefore, the American and Panamanian governments agreed to begin the construction of a trans-isthmian highway located outside of the Canal Zone. Thus, the construction of the actual Inter-American Highway was instigated by the United States as a safety precaution at the beginning of World War II. As with the Panama Canal project, the principal engineers and administrators of the highway
Inter-American Highway
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country, Panama City's economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism. The economy depends significantly on trade and shipping activities associated with the Panama Canal and port facilities located in Balboa. Panama's status as a convergence zone for capital from around the world due to the canal helped the city establish itself as a prime location for offshore banking and tax planning. Consequently, the economy has relied on accountants and lawyers who help global corporations navigate the regulatory landscape. The city has benefited from significant economic growth in recent years, mainly due to the ongoing expansion of the
Panama City
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1946 (following its reassembly) to 1994 (when the shipyard was closed). "YD-171" was reassembled on-site by ex-"Kearsarge", a former battleship converted to a large floating crane. Following the closure of the shipyard, the crane was sold to the Panama Canal Commission and it was transported on the semi-submersible ship "Sea Swan" () in 1996 to the Panama Canal Zone, where it currently serves as the floating crane "Titan". "Titan" retired "Ajax and Hercules" that has served the Panama Canal since construction in 1914. Over the years, "Herman the German" performed numerous notable heavy lifts, including: The jib is equipped with
Herman the German (crane vessel)
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Panama City Panama City (; ) is the capital and largest city of Panama. It has an urban population of 880,691, with over 1.5 million in its metropolitan area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, in the province of Panama. The city is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as a hub for banking and commerce. The city of Panama was founded on August 15, 1519, by Spanish conquistador Pedro Arias Dávila. The city was the starting point for expeditions that conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. It was a
Panama City
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and hangars, and most of the officers quarters are now private homes. The Civil Aviation Authority has its headquarters in Building 805. Albrook Air Force Station Albrook Air Force Station is a former United States Air Force facility in Panama. It was closed on 30 September 1997 as a result of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties which specified that United States military facilities in the former Panama Canal Zone be closed and the facilities be turned over to the Panamanian government. It was located on the east side of the Panama Canal just south of Fort Clayton and north of the township
Albrook Air Force Station
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Panama scandals The Panama scandals (also known as the Panama Canal Scandal or Panama Affair) was a corruption affair that broke out in the French Third Republic in 1892, linked to the building of the Panama Canal. Close to half a billion francs were lost when the French government took bribes to keep quiet about the Panama Canal Company's financial troubles in what is regarded as the largest monetary corruption scandal of the 19th century. On 4 February 1889, the "Tribunal Civil de la Seine" ordered the winding up of the Panama Canal Company in Paris. Work on the isthmus
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the other patrol targeted a truck convoy in Metz with 20 lb bombs hand-dropped from their S.E. 5a aircraft. The unit returned to the United States in the spring of 1919 and was demobilized in June. The 25th Squadron (Bombardment) was organized on 1 October 1921 at Mitchel Field, New York, although it is not clear whether it was equipped before moving to France Field in the Panama Canal Zone in April 1922, where the Panama Canal Department assigned it to the 6th Composite Group. It flew various biplane bombers to defend the Panama Canal. In April 1924, the squadron,
25th Space Range Squadron
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Canal Zone, the Corozal American Cemetery, was located along this road. Past the cemetery was the LDS Church meetinghouse. The road continued to climb as it went past these until cresting a hill, with Cardenas located on the back slope of the hill. The Jungle on three of its sides were part of various military bases, mostly Fort Clayton. There were no stores or other services located in Cardenas, apart from one community center. In 1971, the site was characterized as "the most isolated community in the canal zone with respect to recreational facilities." Cardenas, Panama Cardenas was a township
Cardenas, Panama
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Panama Canal Department The Panama Canal Department was a department (geographical command) of the United States Army, responsible for the defense of the Panama Canal Zone between 1917 and 1947. The Isthmian Canal Commission and the Panama Canal Guard of 1904–1914 both played a pivotal role in the construction and early defense of the Canal. With the active support and encouragement of the United States, Panama declared its independence from Colombia on 3 Nov. 1903 and that same month, the United States received the right to build and administer the Panama Canal. On 8 Mar. 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed
Panama Canal Department
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Chagres National Park The Chagres National Park is located between the Province of Panama and Colon, in the Eastern sector of the Panama Canal with a total surface area of . The park contains tropical rain forests and a set of rivers which provide sufficient water to guarantee the operation of the Gatun Lake, main lake of the Panama Canal: The Chagres River and the Gatun River. The park was created in 1985, with the aim of preserving the natural forest that composes it to produce water in amount and quality sufficient to guarantee the normal operation of the Panama
Chagres National Park
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Diablo, Panama Diablo was one of many residential townships in the Panama Canal Zone. It was established in 1905 by William Luke Jenkins. It was located directly across from the entrance to Albrook AFB, on a low hill overlooking the canal just past Balboa Harbor. Originally, Diablo Hill was much larger, but it was cut back to facilitate the relocation and rerouting of the Panama Railroad in the 1910s. It was reduced even further in the 1950s to accommodate new housing construction. In the late 1930s through early 1940s, Diablo was the headquarters for the 3rd locks project, it being
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bid to negotiate a 25-year contract for operation of the container shipping ports located at the canal's Atlantic and Pacific outlets. The contract was not affiliated with the ACP or Panama Canal operations and was won by the firm Hutchison Whampoa, a Hong Kong–based shipping interest owned by Li Ka-shing. While globally the Atlantic Ocean is east of the isthmus and the Pacific is west, the general direction of the canal passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific is from northwest to southeast, because of the shape of the isthmus at the point the canal occupies. The Bridge of the
Panama Canal
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English-language churches, obviously because they were mostly available for Americans. Sightseeing highlights for anyone visiting Balboa today include the Administration Building, "Mi Pueblito Afroantillano", scenic overlook of Ancon Hill (from which a set of locks of the Canal can be seen), monument "Homenaje a la Democracia", the Goethals Memorial, the Prado, two handicraft markets, three bed-and-breakfast hotels, and a country store and café near the Administration Building. The population as of the 1990 census was 1,214. For historical perspective see: Balboa, Panama Balboa is a district of Panama City, located at the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. The town
Balboa, Panama
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making a name for himself by bringing Manny Sanguillen, Rennie Stennett, and Omar Moreno to the Pirate organization. He is credited with being one of the real pioneers in Latin American scouting and responsible for putting Panama on the scouting map. Herb scouted for the New York Yankees in the seventies and again after retiring from the Panama Canal Company in 1987 and moving to Bradenton with his family to become a full-time scout for the first time. As a scout for Kansas City Royals (1986-1989) Herb signed David Howard, Vincent Garibaldo, and Carlos Maldonado. As Director of Latin American
Herb Raybourn
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Belmont retransited the canal on 21 January 1966 and moored in Norfolk on the 28th, where she remained for almost seven weeks for upkeep and shipyard availability. On 16 March 1966, the ship embarked upon another deployment to the western coast of South America. She transited the Panama Canal on 28 and 29 March 1966 and, for the next eight weeks, cruised along the coasts of Peru and Chile. "Belmont" returned to the Panama Canal Zone for a five-day visit between 23 and 28 May 1966. On the latter day, she departed Panama and embarked upon five weeks of operations
USS Belmont (AGTR-4)
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Murphy. Departing Coco Solo on 13 June 1936, "S-11" arrived at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 22 June, and was decommissioned there on 30 September. "S-11" was recommissioned on 6 September 1940 at Philadelphia. After voyages from New London to Philadelphia, Bermuda, and St. Thomas in 1941, "S-11" arrived at the Coco Solo submarine base in the Panama Canal Zone, on 5 October that year. "S-11" served in the Panama Canal area from then into June 1943, and next at Trinidad into February 1944. Following overhaul in the Panama Canal area, "S-11" sailed in July via Aruba to Trinidad, where she operated
USS S-11 (SS-116)
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the biodiversity in Panama and the world. The Gehry design is expected to attract tourists and help grow Panama's cultural attractions. The museum may have a similar effect as Gehry's Guggenheim design had for Bilbao, which rejuvenated and placed the city on the map as an important architectural destination. Biomuseo Biomuseo is a museum focused on the natural history of Panama, whose isthmus was formed very recently in geologic time, with major impact on the ecology of the Western Hemisphere. Located on the Amador Causeway in Panama City, Panama, it was designed by renowned architect Frank Gehry. This is Gehry's
Biomuseo
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desperate war between Britain and Argentina. Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands where they were going in and out of the island. Britain was initially taken by surprise when the Argentine attack on the South Atlantic islands happened, but launched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air Force, and retake the islands by amphibious assault. Argentina ended up losing the war. Though controversial within the United States, a process of handing the Panama canal lead to Panamanian control of the Panama Canal Zone by the Panama Canal Authority (ACP). It was effective at noon on December 31,
Maritime history
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is made up as follows: The Directors shall serve in their posts for a term of 9 years, and may only be removed for the reasons set forth in Article 20 of the Panama Canal Authority Organic Law. The Panama Canal is defined by law to be an inalienable patrimony of the Republic of Panama. Therefore, it may not be sold, assigned, mortgaged, or otherwise encumbered or transferred. The Panama Canal Authority Board of Directors is responsible for establishing policies for the operation, improvement, and modernization of the Canal, as well as supervising its management. At present, the Panama Canal
Panama Canal Authority
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served in the Panama Canal area, although she visited Baltimore, Maryland, from 15 May to 5 June 1933. She departed Coco Solo on 11 January 1935 for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she decommissioned on 26 April 1935. "S-15" was recommissioned on 3 January 1941 at Philadelphia. Following voyages to Bermuda, she operated at Saint Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, from 31 October to 9 December 1941; in the Panama Canal area from January into December 1943; at Guantanamo Bay through May 1944; in the Panama Canal area from June through September; at Trinidad for the rest of the year; and at
USS S-15 (SS-120)
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to all branches of service, and a four-week Engineer Jungle Warfare Course. Upon completion of the course the Jungle expert badge or patch was awarded. Between 1966 and 1979, 1,160 sounding rockets with maximum flight altitudes of 99 kilometres were launched at Fort Sherman. Fort Sherman was used in the filming of the 2008 James Bond film "Quantum of Solace". Fort Sherman Fort Sherman is a former United States Army base in Panama, located on Toro Point at the Caribbean (northern) end of the Panama Canal, on the western bank of the Canal directly opposite Colón (which is on the
Fort Sherman
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Fort Gulick Fort Gulick was a United States Army base in the former Panama Canal Zone located on the Atlantic side of the Panama Canal near Fort Davis, on Gatun Lake. The post was constructed and opened in 1941, and named for John W. Gulick, a U.S. Army major general who served as the Chief of Coast Artillery from 1930 to 1934, and commanded a brigade in Panama in 1935 and 1936. It was perhaps best known as the home installation of the 8th Special Forces Group (Airborne)(Special Action Force) from 1962 until the 8SFGA inactivation, and the location of
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Hotel Melia). 4. Atlantic Area Command (USARSO) 233297 (at bottom of building was Post Office. 5. Company B, 4th Battalion 10th Infantry (two buildings, formerly of 3rd Bn, 7th SFG(A) 233296. Fort Gulick Fort Gulick was a United States Army base in the former Panama Canal Zone located on the Atlantic side of the Panama Canal near Fort Davis, on Gatun Lake. The post was constructed and opened in 1941, and named for John W. Gulick, a U.S. Army major general who served as the Chief of Coast Artillery from 1930 to 1934, and commanded a brigade in Panama in
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Panama Canal Zone The Panama Canal Zone () was an unincorporated territory of the United States from 1903 to 1979, centered on the Panama Canal and surrounded by the Republic of Panama. The zone consisted of the canal and an area generally extending on each side of the centerline, excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of the Zone. Its border spanned three of Panama's provinces. When reservoirs were created to assure a steady supply of water for the locks, those lakes were included within the Zone. In 1904, the Isthmian Canal Convention
Panama Canal Zone
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the area of the Panama Canal. On 6 April, the day the United States entered World War I, she departed Colon harbor and headed south to Puerto Colombia, Colombia, where she watched the German ship which was anchored in the harbor. She was relieved by on 14 April and returned to Colon the following day. For almost three months, she patrolled the Pacific coastal waters of Panama and Colombia, periodically doubling as a submarine tender. On Independence Day 1917, she transited the Panama Canal and, the following day, departed Balboa, Panama, in company with "Stewart", , and . The four
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Torrijos–Carter Treaties. On September 7, 1977, the treaty was signed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter and Omar Torrijos, "de facto" leader of Panama. This mobilized the process of granting the Panamanians free control of the canal so long as Panama signed a treaty guaranteeing the permanent neutrality of the canal. The treaty led to full Panamanian control effective at noon on December 31, 1999, and the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) assumed command of the waterway. The Panama Canal remains one of the chief revenue sources for Panama. Before this handover, the government of Panama held an international
Panama Canal
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credit separate from Panama. Panama Canal Zone The Panama Canal Zone () was an unincorporated territory of the United States from 1903 to 1979, centered on the Panama Canal and surrounded by the Republic of Panama. The zone consisted of the canal and an area generally extending on each side of the centerline, excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of the Zone. Its border spanned three of Panama's provinces. When reservoirs were created to assure a steady supply of water for the locks, those lakes were included within the Zone. In 1904,
Panama Canal Zone
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located in Panama District, although its metropolitan area also includes some populated areas on the opposite side of the Panama Canal. As in the rest of the country, the city is divided into "corregimientos", in which there are many smaller boroughs. The old quarter, known as the "Casco Viejo", is located in the "corregimiento" of San Felipe. San Felipe and twelve other "corregimientos" form the urban center of the city, including Santa Ana, El Chorrillo, Calidonia, Curundú, Ancón, Bella Vista, Bethania, San Francisco, Juan Diaz, Pueblo Nuevo, Parque Lefevre, and Río Abajo. As the economic and financial center of the
Panama City
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Albrook Mall Albrook Mall is a large shopping mall and leisure complex located in Panama City, Panama. As of August 2015 it was the fourteenth largest mall in the world and the largest in the Americas. The mall was opened in 2002 on the site of Albrook Air Force Base, which had been a United States Air Force base in the former Panama Canal Zone. It is located beside the city's main bus station and the Marcos A. Gelabert domestic airport. In March 2013, the mall contained 700 businesses, which received between 30,000 and 50,000 visitors per day. As of
Albrook Mall
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assets, the Canal Zone was formally turned over by Panama on May 4, 1904, when American officials reopened the Panama City offices of the canal company and raised the American flag. This marked the beginning point for U.S. excavation and construction which concluded in August 1914 with the opening of the canal to commercial traffic. By order of President Theodore Roosevelt under the Panama Canal Acts of 1902 and 1904 the Secretary of War was made supervisor of canal construction and the second Isthmian Canal Commission made the governing body for the Canal Zone. Under the Panama Canal Act of
Panama Canal Zone
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2006 Panama Canal expansion referendum The Panama Canal expansion referendum was held on October 22, 2006, when the citizens of Panama approved the Panama Canal expansion project by a wide margin. According to article 325 of the Panamanian Constitution, any proposal for the construction of a third set of locks or a sea-level Canal on the existing route that the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) proposes has to be approved by the executive branch and submitted to the National Assembly for its approval or rejection. It also has to be submitted to a national referendum no earlier than three months after
2006 Panama Canal expansion referendum
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December 31, 1999. Two monuments have been built in Panama City to commemorate these events. One was built where the flagpole incident happened, the former Balboa High School, today a Panama Canal Authority building that bears the name of Ascanio Arosemena, known as the first "martyr" and maybe the most famous one. It was built by the Panama Canal Authority and consists on a covered entryway containing the memorial, which has a name of a "martyr" on each column, and an eternal fire (not unlike the eternal fire for U.S. President John F. Kennedy) in the middle, and the Panamanian
Martyrs' Day (Panama)
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with the name "Thatcher Ferry Bridge". In the postage stamps and postal history of the Canal Zone they are well known for an error on one sheet where the bridge is missing. Bridge of the Americas The Bridge of the Americas (; originally known as the Thatcher Ferry Bridge) is a road bridge in Panama, which spans the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. Designed by Sverdrup & Parcel, it was completed in 1962 at a cost of US$20 million, connecting the north and south American land masses. Two other bridges cross the canal: the Atlantic Bridge at the Gatun
Bridge of the Americas
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de facto military rule of Manuel Noriega in Panama from 1982 to 1989. The 1977 Panama Canal Treaties entered into force on October 1, 1979. They replaced the 1903 Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty between the United States and Panama (modified in 1936 and 1955), and all other U.S.-Panama agreements concerning the Panama Canal, which were in force on that date. The treaties comprise a basic treaty governing the operation and defense of the Canal from October 1, 1979 to December 31, 1999 (Panama Canal Treaty) and a treaty guaranteeing the permanent neutrality of the Canal (Neutrality Treaty). The details of the arrangements
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India–Panama relations India–Panama relations refer to the bilateral relations between India and Panama. Panama is the first country in Central America where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Panama has an embassy in New Delhi, and a consulate-general in Mumbai. The Indian-Panamanian connection is the oldest in the Central American region, dating back to the middle of the 19th century when groups of Indians, particularly Sikh immigrants, came to Panama to work on the construction of Panama railways and later the Panama Canal in the early 20th century. There are about 15,000 Indians, including those of Indian origin, in
India–Panama relations
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common in Panama, where the 96-year (1903–1999) U.S. control of the Panama Canal influenced much of local society, especially among the former residents of the Panama Canal Zone, the Zonians. Many Puerto Ricans living on the island of St. Croix speak in informal situations a unique Spanglish-like combination of Puerto Rican Spanish and the local Crucian dialect, which is very different from the Spanglish spoken elsewhere. The same applies to the large Puerto Rican-descended populations of New York City and Boston. Spanglish is spoken commonly in the modern United States, reflecting the growth of the Hispanic-American population due to immigration.
Spanglish
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of the mangroves were removed to expand the Port of Balboa. It was one of the first townships to revert to Panamanian control after 1979 treaty. Moralist Panamanians attempted to rename the place "Altos de Jesus", but the name never really stuck. There had been an earlier attempt to change the name decades earlier, which also failed. Diablo, Panama Diablo was one of many residential townships in the Panama Canal Zone. It was established in 1905 by William Luke Jenkins. It was located directly across from the entrance to Albrook AFB, on a low hill overlooking the canal just past
Diablo, Panama
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by the United States and Panama in Washington, D.C., on September 7, 1977, which abrogated the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903. The treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. In 1981, he signed with his counterpart, Colombian foreign Minister Diego Uribe Vargas, the Treaty of Montería, which provided the rights of Colombia for the Canal traffic. He was appointed ambassador to the United Nations from 1981 to 1983, where in November 1982 he served as President of the United Nations Security Council.
Carlos Ozores
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Atlantic Bridge, Panama The third bridge over the Panama Canal, known as the Atlantic Bridge, is a road bridge under construction in Colón, Panama, which will span the Atlantic entrance to the Canal. When completed it will be the third bridge over the Panama Canal after the Bridge of the Americas and the Centennial Bridge, both on the Pacific side of the canal. The bridge is proposed to be a double-pylon, double-plane, concrete girder, cable-stayed bridge with a main span of and two side spans of . The east and west approaches are to be and long, respectively. The bridge
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due to be completed during 2019. Atlantic Bridge, Panama The third bridge over the Panama Canal, known as the Atlantic Bridge, is a road bridge under construction in Colón, Panama, which will span the Atlantic entrance to the Canal. When completed it will be the third bridge over the Panama Canal after the Bridge of the Americas and the Centennial Bridge, both on the Pacific side of the canal. The bridge is proposed to be a double-pylon, double-plane, concrete girder, cable-stayed bridge with a main span of and two side spans of . The east and west approaches are to
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which was once again activated and its commander, Brigadier General David Oakes became the commander of the wing. Rotational aircraft Assigned aircraft Air Forces Panama Air Forces Panama is an inactive United States Air Force (USAF) headquarters. It was assigned to Tactical Air Command, most recently to Twelfth Air Force. Its headquarters were located at Albrook Air Force Station and Howard Air Force Base in the Panama Canal Zone (later Panama). The organization was inactivated on 11 February 1992. The unit was activated as the USAF Southern Air Division in 1976 to replace the United States Southern Command Air Forces
Air Forces Panama
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United States. On September 7, 1977, US President Jimmy Carter signed the Torrijos-Carter Treaty setting in motion the process of transferring control of the canal to Panama. The treaty became effective on October 1, 1979, providing for a 20-year period in which Panama would have increasing responsibility for canal operations before complete US withdrawal on December 31, 1999. Since then, the canal has been administered by the Panama Canal Authority (Autoridad de Canal de Panama, or ACP). The treaty was controversial in the US, and its passage was difficult. The controversy was largely generated by contracts to manage two ports,
History of the Panama Canal
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its duties as the main administration building for the agency that runs the Panama Canal—previously the Panama Canal Commission, now the Panama Canal Authority. The building has large murals painted by William B. Van Ingen depicting the construction of the canal. There was a VLF-transmitting station of the US Navy near Balboa for transmitting orders to submarines, which began service around 1915. Balboa is the Pacific-side port of the Panama Canal. The port has a dry dock in Panamax size (even the gates have a construction similar to that of the locks of the Panama canal). In 2012, Balboa was
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July to 5 August, and then continued on to Charleston, South Carolina, where she arrived on 7 August. Three days later, she steamed on to Miami, whence she departed on 15 August. After a two-day visit to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the coastal patrol yacht headed for Cristobal, Colon, in the Panama Canal Zone. She arrived in the Canal Zone on 22 August 1941, and reported for duty to the Commandant, 15th Naval District. For the next three years, "Topaz" patrolled the close approaches to the Panama Canal and the coastlines of the Canal Zone. On 12 August 1944, she departed
USS Topaz (PYc-10)
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Ancón, Panama Ancón is a corregimiento in Panamá District, Panamá Province, Panama with a population of 29,761 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 11,518; its population as of 2000 was 11,169. It is sometimes considered a suburb or small town within Panama City, northeast of the limits of the town of Balboa. Ancon Hill is also the name of a large hill that overlooks Panama City and once served as a form of protection from pirates and sea invasion. The township was originally located around this hill, and was created to house employees of the Panama Canal
Ancón, Panama
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Former President Jorge Illueca, former sub-administrator of the Panama Canal Commission Fernando Manfredo, shipping consultant Julio Manduley, and industrial entrepreneur George Richa M. said that the expansion was not necessary; they claimed that the construction of a mega-port on the Pacific side would be sufficient to meet probable future demand. Such a port would be the second in the American Pacific deep enough to handle post-Panamax ships, the first being Los Angeles. As Panama is already a natural trading route, it would be able to handle the movement of containers from the Pacific to the Atlantic side via railroad, where
Panama Canal expansion project
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Zone, primarily consisting of the Panama Canal, was a strip of land running from the Pacific Ocean to the Caribbean and had its own police, schools, ports and post offices. The Canal Zone became U.S. territory (de facto if not de jure). In January 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy agreed to fly Panama's flag alongside the U.S. flag at all non-military sites in the Canal Zone where the U.S. flag was flown. However, Kennedy was assassinated before his orders were carried out. One month after Kennedy's death, Panama Canal Zone Governor Robert J. Fleming, Jr. issued a decree limiting
Martyrs' Day (Panama)
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he had the widespread support in Panama to justify his signing of the treaties. This first treaty is officially titled The Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal () and is commonly known as the "Neutrality Treaty". Under this treaty, the U.S. retained the permanent right to defend the canal from any threat that might interfere with its continued neutral service to ships of all nations. The second treaty is titled The Panama Canal Treaty ("Tratado del Canal de Panamá"), and provided that as from 12:00 on December 31, 1999, Panama would assume full control of
Torrijos–Carter Treaties
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active until 1927. Later, however, the commander of the Panama Canal Department, Major General Preston Brown, determined that the defense of Panama would be better served by command groups representing the Atlantic and the Pacific. In 1932, the Army inactivated the division, keeping its Tables of Organization on file should the need arise to reactivate it. It never has. Panama Canal Division The Panama Canal Division was a unit of the United States Army, established in order to ensure the United States could adequately defend the Canal Zone in Panama. When it was authorized in 1920, similar divisions were organized
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Panama Sea Frontier The Panama Sea Frontier was responsible for the defense of the Pacific and Atlantic sea approaches to the Panama Canal and for naval shore facilities in the Central America region during World War II. The Sea Frontier headquarters were located in Balboa, Panama. On the west coast of the Americas, the responsibility of the Panama Sea Frontier was to protect Allied shipping in an ocean area extending from the Mexico-Guatemala border and out around the Galapagos, then to latitude 5 degree south. On the eastern side of Panama, the sea frontier was responsible for the coastal areas
Panama Sea Frontier
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Barro Colorado Island Barro Colorado Island (BCI) is located in the man-made Gatun Lake in the middle of the Panama Canal. The island was formed when the waters of the Chagres River were dammed to form the lake in 1913. When the waters rose, they covered a significant part of the existing tropical forest, but certain hilltops remained as islands in the middle of the lake. It has an area of . The island was set aside as a nature reserve on April 17, 1923 by the U.S. Government. Initially administered by the Panama Canal Company under the direction of
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Eric Jackson (journalist) Eric Jackson (born 1952 in Colón, Panama) is a politician, journalist, and radio talk show host. He is the chief editor of "The Panama News" and host of the Wappin' Radio Show, both of which are made in Panama City, Panama. Jackson was born in Colón, Panama, on December 29, 1952, where he lived with his family in the Panama Canal Zone until after his father's death, when his family moved to Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, in June 1966. He became a radical activist, dropping out of high school and joining Motor City SDS Weathermen in 1969 and
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the Navy. Eighteen of the finest ships of their class in the world were built during his tenure as Navy secretary. Under his auspices, the Perry expedition to Japan was carried to a successful termination and the treaty with that country signed. He ordered U.S. Navy Lieutenant Isaac Strain to command a U.S. Darién Exploring Expedition to map and survey the Darién Gap for a Panama Canal to link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. After his term as Navy secretary expired in 1857, Dobbin returned to Fayetteville where later that year he would die; he was interred at Cross Creek
James C. Dobbin