what 16th century english playwright wrote the first literary version of the faust legend
Christopher Marlowe
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Cambridge (Gill, 2008, p. 5), but the likely placement of Wittenberg is the historical capital of Württemberg, what is now the city of Stuttgart. The early Faust chapbook, while in circulation in northern Germany, found its way to England, where in 1592 an English translation was published, "The Historie of the Damnable Life, and Deserved Death of Doctor Iohn Faustus" credited to a certain "P. F., Gent[leman]". Christopher Marlowe used this work as the basis for his more ambitious play, "The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus" (published c. 1604). Marlowe also borrowed from John Foxe's "Book of Martyrs", on the
Faust
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parodying the Latin "Lucifer" or "light-bearer". The name Mephistopheles is associated with the Faust legend of a scholar, based on the historical Johann Georg Faust. In the legend, Faust wagers his soul with Mephistopheles. The name appears in the late 16th century Faust chapbooks. In the 1725 version, which Goethe read, "Mephostophiles" is a devil in the form of a greyfriar summoned by Faust in a wood outside Wittenberg. From the chapbooks, the name entered Faustian literature. Many authors have used it, from Christopher Marlowe to Goethe. In the 1616 edition of "The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus", "Mephostophiles" became
Mephistopheles
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of early books—as well as the ballads, dramas, movies, and puppet-plays which grew out of them—is irrevocably damned because he prefers human to divine knowledge; "he laid the Holy Scriptures behind the door and under the bench, refused to be called doctor of Theology, but preferred to be styled doctor of Medicine". Plays and comic puppet theatre loosely based on this legend were popular throughout Germany in the 16th century, often reducing Faust and Mephistopheles to figures of vulgar fun. The story was popularised in England by Christopher Marlowe, who gave it a classic treatment in his play, "The Tragical
Faust
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beginning of the literary tradition of the Faust character. It was translated into English in 1587, where it came to the attention of Christopher Marlowe. Marlowe's The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus of 1589 portrays Faust as the archetypical adept of Renaissance magic. In the 17th century, Marlowe's work was re-introduced to Germany in the form of popular plays, which over time reduced Faust to a merely comical figure for popular amusement. Meanwhile, the chapbook of Spies was edited and excerpted by G. R. Widmann and Nikolaus Pfitzer, and was finally re-published anonymously in modernised form in the early 18th
Johann Georg Faust
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Johann Georg Faust Johann Georg Faust (; c. 1480 or 1466 – c. 1541), also known in English as John Faustus , was an itinerant alchemist, astrologer and magician of the German Renaissance. "Doctor Faust" became the subject of folk legend in the decades after his death, transmitted in chapbooks beginning in the 1580s, and was notably adapted by Christopher Marlowe in his play "The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus" (1604). The "Faustbuch" tradition survived throughout the early modern period, and the legend was again adapted in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's closet drama "Faust" (1808),
Johann Georg Faust
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agent) to become a successful screenwriter. The character of Rita Marlowe (played by Jayne Mansfield) is a vapid blonde sex symbol, an exaggerated lampoon of Marilyn Monroe (who had starred the previous year in the film version of Axelrod's play "The Seven Year Itch"). The surname Marlowe is an homage to 16th century playwright Christopher Marlowe, who wrote the 1604 drama "The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus", the plot of which served as the inspiration for Axelrod's play. The 1957 film "Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?" utilized the title of the play and the character of Rita Marlowe (with Mansfield
Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (play)
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Faust, Part Two Faust: The Second Part of the Tragedy (), is the second part of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust". It was published in 1832, the year of Goethe's death. Because of its complexity in form and content, it is usually not read in German schools, although the first part commonly is. Only part of Faust I is directly related to the legend of Johann Faust, which dates to at latest the beginning of the 16th century (thus preceding Marlowe's play). The "Gretchen" subplot, although now the most widely known episode of the Faust legend, was of Goethe's own
Faust, Part Two
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chief of devils" appears and announces Faust's death for the coming night. Faust at a "last supper" scene in Rimlich takes leave of his friends and admonishes them to repentance and piety. At midnight, there is a great noise from Faust's room, and in the morning, its walls and floors are found splattered with blood and brains, with Faust's eyes lying on the floor and his dead body in the courtyard. 16th to 18th century treatments of the Faust legend include: Johann Georg Faust Johann Georg Faust (; c. 1480 or 1466 – c. 1541), also known in English as
Johann Georg Faust
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Twardowski presents similarities with Faust. The Polish story seems to have originated at roughly the same time as its German counterpart, yet It is unclear whether the two tales have a common origin or influenced each other. The historical Johann Georg Faust had studied in Kraków for a time, and may have served as the inspiration for the character in the Polish legend. The first known printed source of the legend of Faust is a small chapbook bearing the title "Historia von D. Johann Fausten", published in 1587. The book was re-edited and borrowed from throughout the 16th century. Other
Faust
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Friar Rush Friar Rush (', ', "") is the title of a medieval Low German legend, surviving in a 1488 edition in verse form. During the 16th and 17th centuries, numerous High German, Scandinavian (Danish and Swedish), Dutch and English translations and adaptations in "Volksbuch" or chap book form were printed. The first High German edition dates to 1515, printed in Strassburg. The story along with those of Till Eulenspiegel, Faust and Marcolf was among the most successful popular literature in 16th-century Germany. The various adaptations vary in their style and focus, some intending to set a moral example or
Friar Rush
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(1952), and "Shakespeare Without Words" (1966). Though best known for his work on Shakespeare, Harbage's literary scholarship extended to his successors too; he did important work on a range of seventeenth-century figures. In this area, his books "Thomas Killigrew, Cavalier Dramatist 1612-1683" (1930), "Sir William Davenant, Poet Adventurer 1606-1668" (1935), and "Cavalier Drama" (1936) are noteworthy. For an overview of the field, his "Annals of English Drama 975-1700" (1964) is a compedium of original materials and a vital resource for scholarship. He also wrote crime fiction under the pen name Thomas Kyd (a reference to the 16th-century English playwright Thomas
Alfred Harbage
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fragment of a hand-colored print of the film, featuring the fifteenth and sixteenth tableaux (Walpurgis Night and the Ballet of Celebrated Women) survives in an English private collection. Faust and Marguerite (1904 film) Damnation du docteur Faust, released in the United States as Faust and Marguerite and in the United Kingdom as Faust, is a 1904 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès. The film is a fifteen-minute condensation of "Faust", an 1859 opera by Charles Gounod based on the Faust legend. The previous year, Méliès had used a different musical version of the legend, Hector Berlioz's "La damnation de
Faust and Marguerite (1904 film)
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similar books of that period include: The 1725 Faust chapbook was widely circulated and also read by the young Goethe. Related tales about a pact between man and the Devil include the plays "Mariken van Nieumeghen" (Dutch, early 16th century, author unknown), "Cenodoxus" (German, early 17th century, by Jacob Bidermann) and The Countess Cathleen (Irish Legend of unknown origin believed by some to be taken from the French play "Les marchands d'âmes"). Staufen, a town in the extreme southwest of Germany, claims to be where Faust died (c. 1540); depictions appear on buildings, etc. The only historical source for this
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Faust (2011 film) Faust is a 2011 Russian film directed by Alexander Sokurov. Set in the 19th century, it is a free interpretation of the Faust legend and its respective literary adaptations by both Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as well as Thomas Mann. The dialogue is in German. The film won the Golden Lion at the 68th Venice International Film Festival. At the 2012 Russian Guild of Film Critics Awards the film was awarded the prizes for Best Film, Best Director (Alexander Sokurov), Best Script (Yuri Arabov) and Best Male Supporting Actor (Anton Adasinsky). Heinrich Faust (Johannes Zeiler) is driven
Faust (2011 film)
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the Venice Film Festival, "Faust" was honoured with the festival's highest prize for best film, the Golden Lion. The jury president was the American filmmaker Darren Aronofsky, who said when he presented the winner: "There are some films that make you cry, there are some films that make you laugh, there are some films that change you forever after you see them; and this is one of them." Faust (2011 film) Faust is a 2011 Russian film directed by Alexander Sokurov. Set in the 19th century, it is a free interpretation of the Faust legend and its respective literary adaptations
Faust (2011 film)
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invention. In Faust II, the legend (at least in a version of the 18th century, which came to Goethe's attention) already contained Faust's marriage with Helen and an encounter with an Emperor. But certainly Goethe deals with the legendary material very freely in both parts. The first act opens with an appeal by Ariel to forgive Faust and ease the cares of his suffering. The first act sees Mephistopheles (playing the role of a fool) saving the imperial finances of the Emperor – and so the Holy Roman Empire – by introducing the use of paper money instead of gold
Faust, Part Two
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an English/French/Italian/Latin/Spanish macaronic language. Peacham's was in what he called "Utopian", which was partly gibberish, and the pseudonymous Glareanus Vadianus (tentatively John Sanford) wrote something close to literary nonsense. The contribution of John Hoskyns is called by Noel Malcolm "the first specimen of full-blown literary English nonsense poetry in the seventeenth century". Coryat had to take this all in good part. The book appeared with engravings by William Hole, and the author received a pension. Shortly a pirate version of the verses appeared, published by Thomas Thorpe, under the title "The Odcombian Banquet" (1611). British travel writer and humourist Tim
Coryat's Crudities
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Faust Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend, based on the historical Johann Georg Faust (c. 1480–1540). The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures. The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary, artistic, cinematic, and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages. "Faust" and the adjective "Faustian" imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power and success for a delimited term. The Faust
Faust
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at the price of living in unreality. Faust Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend, based on the historical Johann Georg Faust (c. 1480–1540). The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures. The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary, artistic, cinematic, and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages. "Faust" and the adjective "Faustian" imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power and
Faust
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Margaret. With a London company, Dietz toured in "Romeo and Juliet", "As you like it", "Lady Clancarty", and a new version of "Faust and Marguerite", which she adapted for the English stage. The "Court Circular" of February 12, 1881, wrote that: "The Northern Evening Mail" went on to say: In 1881, Dietz fatigued of stage life and abandoned the profession. She continued her public readings, however, of which Moncure D. Conway wrote: Her literary work began in 1873, when she contributed verses to New York periodicals, and later in London under the pen name of "Ella Dietz". She wrote frequently
Ella Maria Dietz Clymer
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exchanges between Pope Adrian VI and a rival pope. Another important version of the incredible legend is the play "Faust," written by the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The first part, which is the one more closely connected to the earlier legend, was published in 1808, the second posthumously in 1832. Goethe's "Faust" complicates the simple Christian moral of the original legend. A hybrid between a play and an extended poem, Goethe's two-part "closet drama" is epic in scope. It gathers together references from Christian, medieval, Roman, eastern, and Hellenic poetry, philosophy, and literature. The composition and refinement of
Faust
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and Faust" and "Bewitched Students" were placed at the entrance. Since German reunification, the whole passage with numerous shops and office floors has been extensively renovated. This is a translation of the equivalent German site. The information is reliable. Auerbachs Keller Auerbachs Keller (, Auerbach's Cellar in English) is the best known and second oldest restaurant in Leipzig, Germany. Already one of the city’s most important wine bars by the 16th century, it owes its worldwide reputation to Goethe's play "Faust" as the first place Mephistopheles takes Faust on their travels. A wine bar at the site was already mentioned
Auerbachs Keller
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India. The popularity of these chapbooks inspired Icelandic poets Sigurður Breiðfjörð and Níels Jónsson to write rímur, long verse narratives, inspired by the Tristan legend. A 158 line fragment of a Dutch version (ca. 1250) of Thomas of Britain's "Tristan" exists. It is being kept in Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Series nova 3968. A short Tristan narrative, perhaps related to the Béroul text, exists in six Welsh manuscripts dating from the late 16th to the mid 17th century. In the first third of the 14th century, the famous Arcipreste de Hita wrote a version of the Tristan story. "Carta enviada por
Tristan and Iseult
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and, with Giovanni Battista Giraldi's "Orbecche", led to literary debates on tragedy and theatrical morals and decorum through to the next century. Elio Brancaforte's translation is the first translation of the play to English and it has just been published by the Centre for Renaissance and Reformation Studies, Toronto, 2013. Canace (play) Canace is a verse tragedy by Italian playwright Sperone Speroni (1500-1588). It is based on the Greek legend of Canace, the daughter of Aeolus, who was forced by her father to commit suicide for having fallen in love with her brother, Macar. The play was composed for Padua's
Canace (play)
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Ranka (legend) Lanke or Lankeshan (爛柯(山), Lànkē(shan), Lan-k'o (Shan); "(The Mountain of) the Rotten Axe Handle" in English), is a Chinese legend which has been compared to that of Rip Van Winkle, although it predates it by at least 1000 years. The exact date of origin of the legend is unknown, but it has literary antecedents from the 5th century AD, and the "rotten axe handle" plot element was certainly present by an early 6th-century version. One plot element of the legend features two immortals playing a board game, interpreted in later times as Go, so that "Lanke" (or "Ranka"
Ranka (legend)
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Faust and Marguerite (1904 film) Damnation du docteur Faust, released in the United States as Faust and Marguerite and in the United Kingdom as Faust, is a 1904 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès. The film is a fifteen-minute condensation of "Faust", an 1859 opera by Charles Gounod based on the Faust legend. The previous year, Méliès had used a different musical version of the legend, Hector Berlioz's "La damnation de Faust", as inspiration for his film "The Damnation of Faust". Méliès took the role of Mephistopheles. Jeanne Calvière played Siebel; she had been a stablewoman at the Cirque
Faust and Marguerite (1904 film)
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run, and, as such, being a misplacement of priorities, is a kind of deadly sin that will permanently bar entry into Heaven. The order of monks that St. Bruno founded is called the Carthusians. Cenodoxus Cenodoxus is one of several miracle plays by Jacob Bidermann, an early 17th-century German Jesuit and prolific playwright. Jacob Bidermann's treatment of the Legend of the Doctor of Paris is generally regarded as one of the inspirations for Goethe's "Faust". Published in 1602 at a Jesuit seminary in Augsburg, and with earlier handwritten drafts available prior to 1600, "Cenodoxus" found its first performances by the
Cenodoxus
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Cenodoxus Cenodoxus is one of several miracle plays by Jacob Bidermann, an early 17th-century German Jesuit and prolific playwright. Jacob Bidermann's treatment of the Legend of the Doctor of Paris is generally regarded as one of the inspirations for Goethe's "Faust". Published in 1602 at a Jesuit seminary in Augsburg, and with earlier handwritten drafts available prior to 1600, "Cenodoxus" found its first performances by the seminary students there, put on principally for the benefit of the many students residing at the institute. The initial performance in July 1602 was so well received that it was performed a second time
Cenodoxus
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eliminated many of her Italian and Latin borrowings. Her collected works were last published in 1560. Quite successful in the first half of the 16th century, as the republication of her works attest, Helisenne de Crenne was largely forgotten by the beginning of the 17th century. Her work was rediscovered at the end of the 19th century by the French literary scholars Gustave Reynier (who wrote about her novel in his "Le Roman sentimental avant l'Astrée" (1908)) and Verdun-Léon Saulnier. Since the 1980s, her works have gained increased attention by literary scholars and have been translated into the English language
Hélisenne de Crenne
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wrote idealised hagiographies of earlier saints, whose "golden age" of extraordinary holiness contrasted with the perceived corruption of later times. Similarly, the 12th- and 13th-century literary revival popularised and romanticised older Celtic traditions such as the Arthurian legend. These ideas were expanded during the English Reformation, as Protestant authors appropriated the concept of a "Celtic Church" as a native, anti-Roman predecessor to their own movement. In the 18th and 19th centuries, antiquarianism, the Romantic movement, and growing nationalism influenced ideas about what was becoming known as "Celtic Christianity". Beginning in the early 20th century, a full-fledged revival movement began, centred
Celtic Christianity
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languages. The most famous early Chakavian author is Marko Marulić in 15th/16th century. Also, the first Croatian dictionary, authored by Faust Vrančić, is mostly Chakavian in its form. The tradition of the Chakavian literary language had declined in the 18th century, but it has helped shape the standard Croatian language in many ways (chiefly in morphology and phonetics), and Chakavian dialectal poetry is still a vital part of Croatian literature. The most prominent representatives of Chakavian poetry in the 20th century are Vladimir Nazor and Drago Gervais. At the end of the 1980s in Istria there began a special subgenre
Chakavian
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18th and early 19th centuries, with the German public being especially attracted to the work of Shakespeare, a phenomenon known in Germany as "Shakespearomanie". In 1807, August Wilhelm Schlegel translated all of Shakespeare's plays into German, and such was the popularity of Schlegel's translation that German nationalists were soon starting to claim that Shakespeare was actually a German playwright who wrote his plays in English. English actors had been visiting the Holy Roman Empire since the late 16th century to work as "fiddlers, singers and jugglers", and through them the work of Shakespeare had first become known in the "Reich".
Anglophile
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William Percy (writer) William Percy (1574–1648), English poet and playwright, was the third son of Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (c.1532–1585), and his wife Katharine Neville (1545/6–1596). He was probably born in Tynemouth. His elder brother Henry was a significant figure in English cultural and scientific circles in the late 16th - early 17th century. Percy attended Oxford university where although he studied Italian and Latin his growing interest was contemporary English literature, including the works of Gabriel Harvey, Sidney and Spenser. At Oxford Percy belonged to a literary coterie which included Barnabe Barnes, whose "Parthenophil and Parthenope" was
William Percy (writer)
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According to legend, the king had promised the Welsh that he would name "a prince born in Wales, who did not speak a word of English" and then produced his infant son, who had been born at Caernarfon, to their surprise. However, the story may well be apocryphal, as it can only be traced to the 16th century, and, in the time of Edward I, the English aristocracy spoke Norman French, not English (some versions of the legend include lack of knowledge in both languages as a requirement, and one reported version has the very specific phrase "born on Welsh
Prince of Wales
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16th to 17th century. In German Georg Kraus and Georg Zeiler wrote on Transylvanian history. In Spanish one may read Bernardo de Aldana's apology for the 1552 loss of the castle of Lippa to the Turks. Among religious literary works the most important is the Bible translation by Gáspár Károli, the Protestant pastor of Gönc, in 1590. The translation is called the "Bible of Vizsoly", after the town where it was first published. Another important religious work is the "Legend of Saint Margaret", copied by Lea Ráskai around 1510 from an earlier work that did not survive. The Hungarian enlightenment
Hungarian literature
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and roll modern retelling of the Faust legend starring Andy Biersack as Johnny Faust. Mexican comedian Chespirito acted as Faust in a sketch adaptation of the legend. Ramon Valdez played Mephistopheles (presenting himself also as The Devil), and in this particular version, Faust sells his soul by signing a contract, after which Mephistopheles gives him an object known as the "Chirrín-Chirrión" (which resembles a horse whip) which grants him the power to make things, people or even youth or age, appear or disappear, by speaking the object's name, followed by the word "Chirrín" (for them to appear) or "Chirrión" (for
Faust
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Auerbachs Keller Auerbachs Keller (, Auerbach's Cellar in English) is the best known and second oldest restaurant in Leipzig, Germany. Already one of the city’s most important wine bars by the 16th century, it owes its worldwide reputation to Goethe's play "Faust" as the first place Mephistopheles takes Faust on their travels. A wine bar at the site was already mentioned in a historical record dated 1438. The present-day restaurant is located below the Mädlerpassage, a historic covered passage built from 1912 to 1914 at Grimmaische Straße 2 in Leipzig's historical district near the market. The restaurant has five historical
Auerbachs Keller
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Eventually he wrote the "Life of Mr Richard Savage", his first successful literary biography. He also wrote the powerful poem "London", an 18th-century version of "", as well as the tragic drama "Irene", which was not produced until 1749, and even then was not successful. Johnson began his literary career as a minor Grub Street hack writer, but he went on to make lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, novelist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. His early works, especially "London" and "Life of Mr Richard Savage", contain Johnson's emerging views on biography, morality, and literature
Early life of Samuel Johnson
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be true, it is now largely discarded as a fictional story that only serves to illustrate political ideology in 16th century Lithuania. Palemonids The Palemonids were a legendary dynasty of Grand Dukes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The legend was born in the 15th or 16th century as proof that Lithuanians and the Grand Duchy are of Roman origins. Already Jan Długosz (1415–1480) wrote that the Lithuanians were of Roman origin, but did not provide any proof. The legend is first recorded in the second edition of the Lithuanian Chronicle produced in the 1530s. At the time the Grand
Palemonids
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Politian (play) Politian (1835) is the only play known to have been written by Edgar Allan Poe, composed in 1835, but never completed. The play is a fictionalized version of a true event in Kentucky: the murder of Solomon P. Sharp by Jereboam O. Beauchamp in 1825. The so-called "Kentucky Tragedy" became a national headline and attracted several fictional representations. Poe, however, chose to set his version in 16th-century Rome. Poe wrote the play during his time with the "Southern Literary Messenger" and during some personal crises. The first installment of "Politian" was published in that journal in December 1835
Politian (play)
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later used. He had three brothers who also wrote plays — Edward Howard, Colonel Henry Howard, and James Howard. Their sister, Elizabeth Howard, was married to the influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright John Dryden. Robert Howard (playwright) Sir Robert Howard (January 1626 – 3 September 1698) was an English playwright and politician, born to Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire and his wife Elizabeth. As the 18-year-old son of a royalist family, he fought at the battle of Cropredy Bridge and was knighted for the bravery he showed there. In the years after the English Civil War
Robert Howard (playwright)
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The Damnation of Faust (film) Faust aux enfers, released in the United States as The Damnation of Faust and in Britain as The Condemnation of Faust, is a 1903 French short silent film directed by Georges Méliès. Méliès had previously filmed two other adaptations of the Faust legend: "Faust and Marguerite" (1897) and "Damnation of Faust" (1898). The 1903 "Damnation of Faust" was his third version. In 1904, he would make a fourth and last straightforward adaptation, "Faust and Marguerite", but his later films "The Merry Frolics of Satan" (1905) and "The Knight of the Snows" (1912) are also inspired
The Damnation of Faust (film)
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was one of the first critics to recognize cinema as a legitimate art form, and wrote the scripts for numerous early examples of the medium, most notably "The Student of Prague" (1913), a reworking of the Faust legend which also included the first portrayal of a double role by an actor on the screen. Nazi martyr Horst Wessel, then a member of the same corps (student fraternity) of which Ewers had been a member, acts as an extra in a 1926 version of the movie, also written by Ewers. Ewers was later commissioned by Adolf Hitler to write a biography
Hanns Heinz Ewers
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Dave Windass Dave Windass, born in west Hull in 1965, is an English playwright. Windass is a former theatre critic for "The Stage" and a journalist for the "Hull Daily Mail". While part of the new writers group at Hull Truck Theatre, he wrote his first full-length play in 2005, "Kicked into Touch", about the 1980 Challenge Cup Final when Hull Kingston Rovers met archrivals Hull FC at Wembley, and then wrote the play "Sully", a biography of the rugby league legend Clive Sullivan in 2006. He became a full-time playwright in 2007, and received a grant from Arts Council
Dave Windass
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La damnation de Faust La damnation de Faust (English: "The Damnation of Faust"), Op. 24 is a work for four solo voices, full seven-part chorus, large children's chorus and orchestra by the French composer Hector Berlioz. He called it a "légende dramatique" (dramatic legend). It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 6 December 1846. The French composer was inspired by a translation of Goethe's dramatic poem "Faust" and produced a musical work that, like the masterpiece on which it is based, defies easy categorisation. Conceived at various times as a free-form oratorio and as an opera (Berlioz
La damnation de Faust
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Tale of Music" (1866). His libretti included "The Amber Witch" for composer William Vincent Wallace, "The May Queen – A Pastoral" (1858) for William Sterndale Bennett, and two for his friend Arthur Sullivan: "The Sapphire Necklace" and "The Masque at Kenilworth". He published an English version of Meyerbeer's "Dinorah", and wrote the words for several well-known songs, including Gounod's "Nazareth", Edward Loder's "The Brave Old Oak" and "The Three Ages", the English form of the Bach-Gounod "Ave Maria", Sullivan's "The Long Day Closes", and the hymn "God, the Omnipotent!". Chorley wrote the English libretto for Gounod's "Faust", for its first
Henry Chorley
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Wakefield" (1766), written in a direct and conversational style uncommon at the time. Irish was still Ireland's most important literary language in the eighteenth century, but little prose was produced. The emphasis, instead, was on poetry, with such prominent literary figures as the Munster writer Aogán Ó Rathaille. The 19th century saw a burgeoning of Anglo-Irish prose fiction, but literary output in Irish diminished dramatically. Maria Edgeworth (1767–1849), though of English birth, spent most of her life in Ireland and wrote what is generally considered the first novel on an Irish theme, "Castle Rackrent" (1800), describing landlord-tenant relations on an
Irish prose fiction
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Goethe's own version of the legend occupied him for over sixty years (though not continuously). The final version, published after his death, is recognized as a great work of German literature. The story concerns the fate of Faust in his quest for the true essence of life (""""). Frustrated with learning and the limits to his knowledge, power, and enjoyment of life, he attracts the attention of the Devil (represented by Mephistopheles), who makes a bet with Faust that he will be able to satisfy him; a notion that Faust is incredibly reluctant towards, as he believes this happy zenith
Faust
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Yershon. It differed from the later version of Ken Hill’s musical, in having a modern musical score by Ian Armit (who also worked with Hill on his production of "The Curse of the Werewolf") in addition to excerpts from the opera "Faust" by Charles Gounod. In 1984, Hill revived his musical version of "The Phantom of the Opera". This time though, he wanted to add the kind of music that would have been heard at the Opéra Garnier in the late 19th century. Consequently, he discarded the modern score by Ian Armit and wrote original English lyrics that told Gaston
Phantom of the Opera (1976 musical)
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stories was a pinghua, "Sanguozhi Pinghua" (), published sometime between 1321 and 1323. This version combined themes of legend, magic, and morality to appeal to the common people, who did not have education in literary Chinese. Elements of reincarnation and karma were woven into this version of the story. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is traditionally attributed to Luo Guanzhong, a playwright who lived sometime between 1315 and 1400 (late Yuan to early Ming period) known for compiling historical plays in styles which were prevalent during the Yuan period. It was first printed in 1522 as "Sanguozhi Tongsu Yanyi" (三國志通俗演義/三国志通俗演义)
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
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merchant: Nineteenth-century French literature is filled with both pro-Jewish and anti-Jewish images. Some of the anti-Jewish images include stereotypes such as the greedy banker and art collector in Honoré de Balzac's series "La Comédie humaine" ("The Human Comedy"). Henry H. Weinberg has described the stereotype of the Jewish banker in late nineteenth-century French literature as "shifty, cosmopolitan, cleverly manipulating ... single-minded [in his] quest for money." In George Sand's drama "Les Mississipiens" (1866), there is a Jewish capitalist, Samuel Bourset, who has been described as a "Shylock in modern dress". In the first published version of the Faust legend –
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German legend of Faust. It was first published as a serial in various Irish-language magazines. Apart from "Séadna", Ua Laoghaoire wrote an autobiography called ("My Own Story"), published by Norma Borthwick's "Irish Book Company". In addition, he translated some stories of medieval Gaelic literature into modern Irish, such as "Eisirt" and "An Cleasaí", and translated an abridged version of the story of Don Quixote into his local dialect of Irish. Peadar Ua Laoghaire became known for his support for , the real Irish of the people rather than any attempt to revive older forms of Irish. But he also drew
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and translated into English in 2018. This is a fictionalised account of Qodiriy's arrest, interrogation and execution, containing within it Ismailov's version of Qodiriy's last, lost novel, which the author imagines him composing in his head while he is in prison. Abdulla Qodiriy Abdulla Qodiriy (sometimes spelled Abdullah Qadiri in English) (; ) (April 10, 1894 – October 4, 1938) was an Uzbek and Soviet playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century. He introduced realism into Uzbek literature through his historical novels and influenced many other Central Asian
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B000009ON4 London Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, with André Turp, Régine Crespin, Michel Roux, John Shirley-Quirk. Conducted by Pierre Monteux Audio LP Discocorp 539; Audio CD BBC Legends BBCL 40062. Recorded 8 March 1962.</poem> There are also many recordings of excerpts. La damnation de Faust La damnation de Faust (English: "The Damnation of Faust"), Op. 24 is a work for four solo voices, full seven-part chorus, large children's chorus and orchestra by the French composer Hector Berlioz. He called it a "légende dramatique" (dramatic legend). It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 6 December 1846. The French composer
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continuing steadily almost until his death in 1966, these translations started with poetry, such as "A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems" (1918) and "Japanese Poetry: The Uta" (1919), then an equally wide range of novels, such as "The Tale of Genji" (1925–26), an 11th-century Japanese work, and "Monkey", from 16th-century China. Waley also presented and translated Chinese philosophy, wrote biographies of literary figures, and maintained a lifelong interest in both Asian and Western paintings. A recent evaluation called Waley "the great transmitter of the high literary cultures of China and Japan to the English-reading general public; the ambassador from East
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San Giorgio, wrote The Travels of Marco Polo. The Golden Legend is a collection of hagiographies written by the Archbishop of Genoa Jacobus de Voragine. To animate the Genoese literary environment of the 16th century were Gabriello Chiabrera and "Ansaldo Cebà", the latter best known for his correspondence with Sara Copia Sullam. The city has been the birthplace of the historian Caffaro di Rustico da Caschifellone, of the poet "Martin Piaggio", of the famous historian, philosopher and journalist Giuseppe Mazzini, of the writer Piero Jahier, of the poet Nobel Prize Eugenio Montale. The writer and translator Fernanda Pivano, the journalist
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beginning of the 16th century a Henry Parker translated about half into English and dedicated it to Henry VIII. In the 16th century of new Italian translations by Luca Antonio Ridolfi and Giuseppe Betussi were published. In Germany "De Mulieribus Claris" was widely distributed as manuscript. The first printed book of the Latin language original was produced in the workshop of Johann Zainer and was published decorated with woodcut miniatures in 1473. This 1473 edition was the first Latin version print. The only complete 16th century printed Latin version to survive is from a Mathias Apiarus done around 1539. The
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notable Faust films include "Faust aux enfers" (1903), known primarily for its English title "The Damnation of Faust", or "Faust in Hell". It is the filmmaker's third film adaptation of the Faust legend. In it, Méliès took inspiration from Hector Berlioz's Faust opera, but it pays less attention to the story and more to the special effects that represent a tour of hell. Méliès then made a sequel called "Damnation du docteur Faust" (1904), released in the U.S. as "Faust and Marguerite". This time, the film was based on the opera by Charles Gounod. Méliès' other devil-inspired films in this
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enamoured of him. The Roman goddess of love then offers him eternal life with her in the Venusberg, and he accepts; yet, Tannhäuser becomes dissatisfied with life in the Venusberg, and returns to the harsh reality of the mortal world. After participating in a singing contest, Tannhäuser is censured for the sensuality of his art; eventually, he dies searching for repentance and the love of a good woman. About the literary hero, the author Oscar Wilde said, "in every first novel the hero is the author as Christ or Faust." As in the legend of "Faust", in "The Picture of
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Faust" was set to Bachs "B minor Mass". Béjart himself danced in "Notre Faust" at its New York City premiere in 1977. Faust ballets Faust ballets are a set of ballets, choreographed between the 18th and 20th centuries, based on the legend of Faust. As early as 1723, London-based John Rich put on a Faust-inspired ballet pantomime called "The Necromancer" at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre. In the 19th century several productions took Faust as their subject matter including August Bournonvilles 1832 production "Faust" for the Royal Danish Ballet. In 1833, Andre Deshayes "Faust" premiered in London with music by
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College, Riverview, where he taught author Gerard Windsor, playwright Nick Enright, and entertainer Andrew O'Keefe. He is the father of comic Julian Morrow. Melvyn Morrow Melvyn Morrow (born 1942, in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian playwright. He co-wrote "Shout! The Legend of the Wild One" and "Dusty - The Original Pop Diva" with John-Michael Howson and David Mitchell. Earlier in his life he wrote material for "The Mavis Bramston Show". He is a graduate of St Aloysius' College. He taught English and Drama at Stonyhurst College where he directed and wrote the libretto for the musical "Frank Ass", based on
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of the Devil. Goethe was already familiar with the "Faust" legend from his youth, since a puppet show "Dr. Faust", was frequently performed at local street fairs. The scene "Auerbach’s Cellar in Leipzig" in his drama "Faust I" is his literary memorial to his student tavern and to the city, albeit an ironic one. Between 1912 and 1913 much of Auerbach’s Cellar was reconstructed and expanded as part of the demolition of the medieval construction above it and the erection of the Mädlerpassage. It was reopened on 22 February 1913, which is also the date when the two sculptures "Mephisto
Auerbachs Keller
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Old English and French. The first surviving major text in Early Scots is the 14th-century poet John Barbour's epic "Brus", focusing on the life of Robert I, and was soon followed by a series of vernacular romances and prose works. In the 16th century, the crown's patronage helped the development of Scots drama and poetry, but the accession of James VI to the English throne removed a major centre of literary patronage and Scots was sidelined as a literary language. Interest in Scots literature was revived in the 18th century by figures including James Macpherson, whose Ossian Cycle made him
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Faustus (play) Faustus is a two act play by David Mamet that had its world premiere in San Francisco's Magic Theatre in March 2004, directed by Mamet. It is a contemporary version of the Faust legend. In this version, Faustus is a married young scientist and philosopher with a child in the 1900s. However, after his latest work is slammed by critics, he makes a demonic deal with a bizarre party entertainer, 'Magus'. Variety's Dennis Harvey wrote a negative review, criticizing the dialogue, lack of emotion and staging, saying, "Those who suspect Mamet the director is far from Mamet the
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twenty, Gérard de Nerval published a French translation of Goethe's "Faust". In 1870–71, Bayard Taylor published an English translation in the original metres. In 1887 the Irish dramatist W. G. Wills loosely adapted the first part of "Faust" for a production starring Henry Irving as Mephistopheles at the Lyceum Theatre, London. Calvin Thomas published translations of Part 1 in 1892 and Part 2 in 1897. Philosopher Walter Kaufmann was also known for an English translation of "Faust", presenting Part One in its entirety, with selections from Part Two, and omitted scenes extensively summarized. Kaufmann's version preserves Goethe's metres and rhyme
Goethe's Faust
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1660s (see below). During the 16th century, locally produced wool was the major export commodity. Plymouth was the home port for successful maritime traders, among them Sir John Hawkins, who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593. According to legend, Drake insisted on completing his game of bowls on the Hoe before engaging the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World from Plymouth, establishing Plymouth Colony – the second English colony in what is now the United
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of the older codex. The first manuscript is held in the Austrian National Library in Vienna, the other codex in the Munich Public Library. Other variants of the text also existed because a 16th-century legend of St Gerard, published in Venice, was based on a version different from the ones preserved in the two codices. The "Long Life of Saint Gerard" is an early-14th-century compilation of multiple sources, including family legends. The first three chapters of the "Legend" narrates the would-be saint's early life. Long Life of Saint Gerard The Long Life of Saint Gerard (), also known as Long
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the latest update to the New International Version (NIV). The traditional chapter divisions in the Bible were introduced around the year 1200 by Stephen Langton, later Archbishop of Canterbury, when he was at the University of Paris. The verse divisions were added by Robert Estienne, a French printer and scholar, in the mid-16th century. Biblical and literary scholars have noted that chapter and verse numbering disguises the actual form of the biblical writings and interferes with the act of reading. Ernest Sutherland Bates wrote, "Certainly, no literary format was ever less conducive to pleasure or understanding than is the curious
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Faust ballets Faust ballets are a set of ballets, choreographed between the 18th and 20th centuries, based on the legend of Faust. As early as 1723, London-based John Rich put on a Faust-inspired ballet pantomime called "The Necromancer" at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre. In the 19th century several productions took Faust as their subject matter including August Bournonvilles 1832 production "Faust" for the Royal Danish Ballet. In 1833, Andre Deshayes "Faust" premiered in London with music by Adolphe Adam. Fanny Elssler danced the role of Gretchen in Jules Perrots 1848 Milan production. In 1852 Paul Taglioni, brother of Maria
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crowded house", and that the theatre manager had not given the play a chance by closing it so soon, when it had premiered during Lent. The box-office receipts fell off sharply after an enthusiastic opening. He later told an interviewer: "I consider the two best plays I ever wrote were "Broken Hearts" and a version of the Faust legend called "Gretchen". I took immense pains over my "Gretchen", but it only ran a fortnight. I wrote it to please myself, and not the public." He also later remarked, "I called it "Gretchen", the public called it rot." "The Sunday Times"
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narrator later learns that Tyrell has given Edward a peculiar handwritten manuscript which becomes the source of Edward's later literary success. Edward also inherits Tyrell's ageless mistress Eudoxie but all is far from well with Edward who grows to loathe the hold that the manuscript and Eudoxie have over him but is unable to escape... The Devil's Own Work The Devil's Own Work is a 1991 novella by Alan Judd which won the Guardian Fiction Award. A modern version of the Faust legend, it was inspired by a dinner with Graham Greene. and tells of a pact an author makes
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his own spin on the classic legend, and an over-familiarity with Faust's previous incarnations will likely hinder understanding." In a reservation, Weissberg wrote that Sokurov's "established fans" will be "the only audience for this largely impenetrable though undeniably impressive indulgence". Regarding the visuals, he noted the unexpected collaboration between the cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel and Sokurov, and wrote: "[W]hile the stillness that marks the first films of his quartet (self-lensed) is little in evidence, visuals here are striking in their mottled gray tonalities. ... The influence of Flemish and Dutch painting on Sokurov's work has never been clearer than in "Faust",
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In the late 16th and through the 17th century, "memento mori" rings were made. A version of the theme in the artistic genre of still life is more often referred to as a "vanitas", Latin for "vanity". These include symbols of mortality, whether obvious ones such as skulls or more subtle ones such as a flower losing its petals. See the themes associated with the image of the skull. "Memento mori" is also an important literary theme. Well-known literary meditations on death in English prose include Sir Thomas Browne's "Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial" and Jeremy Taylor's "Holy Living and Holy Dying".
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masterpiece of India, popularly known as "Tulsi-krita Ramayana". Gujarati poet Premanand wrote a version of the "Ramayana" in the 17th century. Other versions include Krittivasi Ramayan, a Bengali version by Krittibas Ojha in the 15th century; Vilanka Ramayana by 15th century poet Sarala Dasa and "Dandi Ramayana" (also known as "Jagamohana Ramayana") by 16th century poet Balarama Dasa, both in Odia; a Torave Ramayana in Kannada by 16th-century poet Narahari; Adhyathmaramayanam, a Malayalam version by Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan in the 16th century; in Marathi by Sridhara in the 18th century; in Maithili by Chanda Jha in the 19th century; and
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Vilnius, Augustinus Rotundus (around 1520 -1582) wrote a no longer existent history of Lithuania in Latin around the year 1560. loannes Radvanus, a humanist poet of the second half of the 16th century, wrote an epic poem imitating the Aeneid of Vergil. His "Radivilias", intended to become the Lithuanian national epic, was published in Vilnius in 1588. 17th century Lithuanian scholars also wrote in Latin – Kazimieras Kojelavičius-Vijūkas, Žygimantas Liauksminas are known for their Latin writings in theology, rhetorics and music. Albertas Kojalavičius-Vijūkas wrote first printed Lithuanian history "Historia Lithuania". Lithuanian literary works in the Lithuanian language started being first
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which were first established by King David I. The growth in prestige of Early Scots in the 14th century, and the complementary decline of French in Scotland, made Scots the prestige language of most of eastern Scotland. By the 16th century Middle Scots had established orthographic and literary norms largely independent of those developing in England. Modern Scots is used to describe the language after 1700, when southern Modern English was generally adopted as the literary language. There is no institutionalised standard variety, but during the 18th century a new literary language descended from the old court Scots emerged. This
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modern spelling "weird" first appears in Scottish and Northern English dialects in the 16th century and is taken up in standard literary English from the 17th century. The regular modern English form would have been "wird", from Early Modern English "werd". The replacement of "werd" by "weird" in the northern dialects is "difficult to account for". The most common modern meaning of "weird" - "odd, strange" - is first attested in 1815, originally with a connotation of the supernatural or portentous (especially in the collocation "weird and wonderful"), but by the early 20th century increasingly applied to everyday situations. "Wyrd"
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of the proto-Austronesian consonant *R. "Kapampangan" is derived from the root word "pampáng" ("riverbank"). The language was historically spoken in the Kingdom of Tondo, ruled by the Lakans. A number of Kapampangan dictionaries and grammar books were written during the Spanish colonial period. Diego Bergaño wrote two 18th-century books about the language: "Arte de la lengua Pampanga" (first published in 1729) and "Vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga" (first published in 1732). Kapampangan produced two 19th-century literary giants; Anselmo Fajardo was noted for "Gonzalo de Córdova" and "Comedia Heróica de la Conquista de Granada", and playwright Juan Crisóstomo Soto wrote "Alang
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mortal form, contrasting Faust's desire to shed his mortal body to become pure spirit. The alchemical idea that the soul is not imprisoned in the body, but instead may find its brightest state as it passes through the material plane is central to the character. William Makepeace Thackeray wrote under the pen name of Homunculus. The homunculus legend, "Frankenstein" and "Faust" have continued to influence works in the twentieth and twenty-first century. The theme has been used not only in fantasy literature, but also to illuminate social topics. For instance, the British children's writers Mary Norton and Rumer Godden used
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polemic religious literature were all published in Old Belarusian language. Since the early 16th century Belarusian literary works have been printed. The first printed Belarusian book (in the version of Old Belarusian) was Psaltyr, which was printed in Prague by Francysk Skaryna in 1517 (this was the first book to be printed in an East Slavonic language). During the 16th and 17th century poetry and drama (see Simeon Polatsky) appeared in Belarusian literature under the influence of a more developed Polish literature. Due to the cultural dominance of the Polish language within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian language within
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by Olaus Wormius. (Lovecraft gives the date of this edition as 1228, though the real-life Danish scholar Olaus Wormius lived from 1588 to 1624.) Both the Latin and Greek text, the "History" relates, were banned by Pope Gregory IX in 1232, though Latin editions were apparently published in 15th century Germany and 17th century Spain. A Greek edition was printed in Italy in the first half of the 16th century. The Elizabethan magician John Dee (1527-c. 1609) allegedly translated the book—presumably into English—but Lovecraft wrote that this version was never printed and only fragments survive. (The connection between Dee and
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the closest centres of learning. The weak church presence favored widespread ignorance and the survival of ancient superstitions. The first census in Las Hurdes was made in the 16th century. And it is at that time when the legend of the darkness and backwardness surrounding the region began to be established. Before 1635 playwright Lope de Vega set a comedy, "Las Batuecas del Duque de Alba", in Las Hurdes in which he cast the area as a haunted place and its inhabitants as benighted and barbarous. "Porque no saben que hay Dios / ni más mundo que este valle. (Because
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Crabs”.". Reviewing a stage version, Drew Sterwald of The News-Press commented "Tracy's nemesis...really sinks her teeth into the rotten role and delivers a show-stopping solo, "(The Legend of) Miss Baltimore Crabs”". IBJ noted that one performer "turns what the one-note evil TV producer Velma von Tussle and her “(The Legend of) Miss Baltimore Crabs” number into a show highlight." Reviewing a 90 minute intermissionless version performed in Las Vegas, TheaterMania wrote "The only other two numbers to be cut completely, "(The Legend of) Miss Baltimore Crabs" and "Cooties," aren't missed at all; the first is the closest thing to a
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era, including Sir Francis Bacon. Wilson also wrote some verse. His "Upon Mr. J. Donne and his Poems" has been considered one of the better elegies on the poet and was printed in the first collection of John Donne's poems as a tribute. Arthur Wilson (writer) Arthur Wilson (baptised 14 December 1595 – autumn 1652) was a 17th-century English playwright, historian and poet. Born a commoner, he worked as a gentleman-in-waiting and steward to several powerful Parliamentarians in the period up to the English Civil War. He is remembered as a minor playwright, who wrote several plays for London's Blackfriars
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to present oneself in a particular way. In reality, of course, tremendous exertion went into pretending not to bother or care. English poet and playwright William Shakespeare used cool in several of his works to describe composure and absence of emotion. In "A Midsummer Night's Dream", written sometime in the late-16th century, he contrasts the shaping fantasies of lovers and madmen with "cool reason," in "Hamlet" he wrote "O gentle son, upon the heat and flame of thy distemper, sprinkle cool patience," and the antagonist Iago in "Othello" is musing about "reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings,
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Samuel Beckett Samuel Barclay Beckett (; 13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, poet, and literary translator who lived in Paris for most of his adult life. He wrote in both English and French. Beckett's work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on human existence, often coupled with black comedy and gallows humor, and became increasingly minimalist in his later career. He is considered one of the last modernist writers, and one of the key figures in what Martin Esslin called the "Theatre of the Absurd". Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize
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of Honour. The Indian language in focus was Hindi, and several Hindi authors including Sahitya Academi award-winner Mridula Garg were present. The inauguration took place on the 24 January 2014 at Ashiana and the festival was presented by Smt. Chandana Khan, IAS Special Chief Secretary, Telangana Tourism, and Hon. Chairman of Hyderabad Literary Festival. Mahesh Dattani, well known playwright in English, actor and director from India, also the first playwright in English to be awarded the Sahitya Akademi award, was the Chief Guest. The inauguration ceremony culminated in a Literary Walk or LitWalk, that threw open the Literary Street and
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rode a tricycle. Embarking on a literary career, Edmund Yates thought her stories ideal for his magazine "World", and she also contributed to "Punch". She became a successful London and New York playwright who enjoyed considerable literary acclaim in the first decades of the 20th century. With the actress Gertrude Kingston she wrote the play "A Matchmaker", which gained a certain notoriety when it was criticised for comparing marriage to prostitution. In 1911, at the age of forty six, her first novel was published under the pseudonym of Richard Dehan. The significant thing was that in publishing her novel, "The
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remaining 1,441 lines in rhymed verse. The manuscript is lost, but a copy was discovered in 1886. The first appearance of the work in print was "Faust, a Fragment", published in 1790. Goethe completed a preliminary version of what is now known as "Part One" in 1806. Its publication in 1808 was followed by the revised 1828–29 edition, the last to be edited by Goethe himself. Goethe finished writing "Faust Part Two" in 1831. In contrast to "Faust Part One", the focus here is no longer on the soul of Faust, which has been sold to the devil, but rather
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the novel is full of modern elements, such as the model asylum, radio, street and shopping lights, cars, lorries, trams, and air travel. There is little evident nostalgia for any "good old days" – the only figure who mentions Tsarist Russia is Satan. The book is a Bildungsroman, with Ivan Nikolayevich as its focus. It also has strong elements of what in the later 20th century was called magic realism. The novel is influenced by the Faust legend, particularly the first part of the Goethe interpretation and the libretto of the opera which music was composed by Charles Gounod. Nikolai
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earliest version of the account there seems to be in an English translation of 1438. The Barna da Siena panel at right was painted within a few years of the first literary mentions. Although she is a very popular saint in Eastern Orthodoxy, the marriage is not a traditional subject in Orthodox icons. In Western art the vision of Saint Catherine of Alexandria usually shows the Infant Christ, held by the Virgin, placing a ring (one of her attributes) on her finger, following some literary accounts, although in the version in the "Golden Legend" he appears to be adult, and
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1986) were conducted by Mark Elder and Antony Beaumont, starred Thomas Allen (Faust) and Graham Clark, and were given in the English translation by Edward J. Dent, as revised by Beaumont. This was the first staged production of the opera in Great Britain. The Zurich Opera DVD from 2006, with Thomas Hampson as Faust and conducted by Philippe Jordan, used the Jarnach version and has been severely criticized for doing so. The production at the Metropolitan Opera in 2001, with Hampson as Faust and conducted by Philippe Auguin, also used the less authentic Jarnach version. In the late 1990s Beaumont
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16th centuries. "The Somonyng of Everyman" ("The Summoning of Everyman") (c. 1509 – 1519), usually referred to simply as "Everyman", is a late 15th-century English morality play. Like John Bunyan's allegory "Pilgrim's Progress" (1678), "Everyman" examines the question of Christian salvation through the use of allegorical characters. The English Renaissance and the Renaissance in Scotland date from the late 15th century to the early 17th century. Italian literary influences arrived in Britain: the sonnet form was introduced into English by Thomas Wyatt in the early 16th century, and developed by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, (1516/1517 – 1547), who also
British literature
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performance of the "Electra" at His Majesty's Theatre, the venerable "The Times" of London wrote: Post mortem recognition of Fotos Politis, as well as his successors and students. Fotos Politis German educated Greek stage director Fotos Politis (Greek: Φώτος Πολίτης), 1890-1934, was one of the most prominent figures in the revival of the ancient Greek tragedies in the 20th century. A literary and theater reviewer and playwright, who was responsible for the creation of what came to be called “the theatrical tradition of the National Theater of Greece”, he developed original teaching methods for aspiring young actors in Athenian drama
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in 1997 for "The Norbals". "" was a shortlisted nominee for the Governor General's Award for English-language drama at the 2003 Governor General's Awards, and won the Lambda Literary Award for drama at the 16th Lambda Literary Awards. Brian Drader Brian Drader (born 1960) is a Canadian stage actor and playwright. He is best known for his plays "", about Alfred Kinsey and Clara McMillen, and "The Fruit Machine", about the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's controversial 1960s fruit machine project to identify homosexual people. Originally from Winnipeg, Manitoba, he is currently based in Montreal, Quebec, where he teaches playwriting at
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general secretary of the Workers' Party of which Behan had been a staunch supporter for many years. Dominic Behan Dominic Behan (Irish: "Doiminic Ó Beacháin"; 22 October 1928 – 3 August 1989) was an Irish songwriter, singer, short story writer, novelist and playwright who wrote in both Irish and English. He was also a committed socialist and Irish Republican. Born into a literary family, Dominic Behan was one of the most influential Irish songwriters of the 20th century. Behan was born in inner-city Dublin into an educated working-class family. His father, Stephen Behan, fought for the Irish Republican Army (IRA)
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(1966-1995), daughter of the artist Pauline Boty, following the death of her father, literary agent Clive Goodwin, in 1978. Following Boty Goodwin's death from a heroin overdose, Mitchell wrote the poem 'Especially when it snows' in her memory. Adrian Mitchell Adrian Mitchell FRSL (24 October 1932 – 20 December 2008) was an English poet, novelist and playwright. A former journalist, he became a noted figure on the British Left. For almost half a century he was the foremost poet of the country's anti-Bomb movement. The critic Kenneth Tynan called him "the British Mayakovsky". Mitchell sought in his work to counteract
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Abdulla Qodiriy Abdulla Qodiriy (sometimes spelled Abdullah Qadiri in English) (; ) (April 10, 1894 – October 4, 1938) was an Uzbek and Soviet playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century. He introduced realism into Uzbek literature through his historical novels and influenced many other Central Asian novelists, including the Kazakh writer Mukhtar Auezov. Qodiriy wrote under various pen names, the most renowned being Julqunboy. His early works were influenced by the Jadid movement. Qodiriy was executed during the Great Purge under the leadership of Joseph Stalin. Abdulla
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as village assemblies. Famous early playwrights include Bhasa, Kalidasa (famous for "Vikrama and Urvashi", "Malavika and Agnimitra", and "The Recognition of Shakuntala"), Śudraka (famous for "The Little Clay Cart"), Asvaghosa, Daṇḍin, and Emperor Harsha (famous for "Nagananda", "Ratnavali," and "Priyadarsika"). "Śakuntalā" (in English translation) influenced Goethe's "Faust" (1808–1832). Rabindranath Tagore was a pioneering modern playwright who wrote plays noted for their exploration and questioning of nationalism, identity, spiritualism and material greed. His plays are written in Bengali and include "Chitra" ("Chitrangada", 1892), "The King of the Dark Chamber" ("Raja", 1910), "The Post Office" ("Dakghar", 1913), and "Red Oleander" ("Raktakarabi", 1924).
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Giovanni Battista Niccolini Giovanni Battista Niccolini (29 October 1782 – 20 September 1861) was an Italian poet and playwright of the Italian unification movement or Risorgimento. Niccolini was born in Bagni San Giuliano in 1792. He wrote his first play in Greek in 1810. The play was strongly based on Greek legend and it was called "Polissena". This tragedy about the sacrifice of a virgin was so favourably received that his next three plays were also tragedies. In 1846 his play, "Arnold of Brescia: A Tragedy". was translated by the English immigrant Theodosia Trollope into English and published. This work
Giovanni Battista Niccolini
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form of music of its time. The madrigal reached its formal and historical zenith by the second half of the 16th century. English and German composers, too, took up the madrigal in its heyday. After the 1630s, the madrigal began to merge with the cantata and the dialogue. With the rise of opera in the early 17th century, the aria gradually displaced the madrigal. In the early 16th century, several humanistic trends converged which allowed the madrigal to form. First, there was a reawakened interest in use of Italian as a vernacular language. Poet and literary theorist Pietro Bembo edited
Madrigal