where did the second seminole war take place
Florida
2294334
Second Seminole War The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States, part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars. The Second Seminole War, often referred to as "the" Seminole War, is regarded as "the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States." Bands from various tribes in the southeastern United States had moved into the unoccupied lands in Florida in the 18th century. These included Alabamas, Choctaw, Yamasees, Yuchis
Second Seminole War
20756080
line into Florida. Furious at their treatment, they continued to battle the whites for years to come. The Battle of Pea River is the last recorded battle of Second Creek War, as the war with the Creeks shifted south to Florida where the eventual Second Seminole War would take place. Battle of Pea River The Battle of Pea River was a battle fought between the Alabama Militia and the Creek Indians during the Second Creek War, in the vicinity of the present-day Pike County, Alabama, roughly 17 miles east of Troy, Alabama in the United States. Many Creek Indians in
Battle of Pea River
2294362
and Lindsay were supposed to be in place on March 25, so that Clinch's column could drive the Seminoles into them. On the way from St. Augustine to Volusia to take up his starting position, Gen. Eustis found Pilaklikaha, or Palatlakaha (Palatka, Florida), also known as Abraham's Town. Abraham had been a member of the Corps of Colonial Marines and was present at, and taken into custody, at the Battle of Negro Fort In custody only a short time, he was a Black Seminole leader, and interpreter for the Seminoles, who played a critical role during the Second Seminole War.Eustis
Second Seminole War
6519980
cape, and areas of arable land. There are a few small Indian shell mounds there. The Spanish reported a Tequesta village on the cape. The pre-Seminole tribes of south Florida did not practice agriculture, and probably used the cape as a base for fishing and hunting. Mariners and fishermen visited Cape Sable to take on fresh water. Hunters also visited the cape, which had more wildlife than the Florida Keys. During the Second Seminole War, residents of the Florida Keys worried about Seminoles' using Cape Sable and threatening the Florida Keys. In 1840, a Seminole raiding party, which was believed
Cape Sable
7095788
Wild Cat (Seminole) Wild Cat, also known as Coacoochee or Cowacoochee (from Creek "Kowakkuce ""bobcat, wildcat"""") "(c. 1807/1810–1857) was a leading Seminole chieftain during the later stages of the Second Seminole War as well as the nephew of Micanopy. Wild Cat's exact place year and place of birth is not agreed upon. Many local scholars believe he was born in 1807 on an island in big Lake Tohopekaliga, south of Orlando. Some scholars say Wild Cat was born to King Philip (or Ee-mat-la) in Yulaka, a Seminole village along the St. Johns River in northern Florida around 1810. Still others
Wild Cat (Seminole)
2294429
as possible. As time went on there were more serious incidents. The government resolved once more to remove all Indians from Florida, and applied increasing pressure on the Seminoles until they struck back, starting the Third Seminole War of 1855–1858. Second Seminole War The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States, part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars. The Second Seminole War, often referred to as "the" Seminole War, is regarded as
Second Seminole War
1036835
rice, and sugar cane which Dexter gave them in 1822. In addition, residents in Sitarkey's Village raised livestock, including cattle, horses, and hogs. They also possibly planted one of the oldest orange groves in Florida. Generally, the Sitakey's Village area was untouched during the Second Seminole War, allowing black Seminole families used the area as a refuge from the war. The United States Army, however, did search the village twice. Looking for Seminole warriors, the Second and Eighth Infantry divisions, led by Colonel Bennet Riley and Colonel W. J. Worth, traveled from Fort McClure to the Lake Panasoffkee area on
Lake Panasoffkee, Florida
6485782
Seminole Wars of the 19th century greatly depleted the numbers of these tribes, specifically the Second Seminole War. The United States forcibly removed many Seminole to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The Seminole and Miccosukee had gradually moved into the center of Florida and the Everglades, from where they resisted defeat even in the Third Seminole War. The US gave up efforts against them. In the 20th century, the Seminole and Miccosukee split apart, with the former moving onto reservations. The Miccosukee lived in communities that were affected by the early 20th-century construction of the Tamiami Trail, which brought tourists into
Mikasuki language
2294334
Second Seminole War The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as Seminoles and the United States, part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars. The Second Seminole War, often referred to as "the" Seminole War, is regarded as "the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States." Bands from various tribes in the southeastern United States had moved into the unoccupied lands in Florida in the 18th century. These included Alabamas, Choctaw, Yamasees, Yuchis
Second Seminole War
2294425
costs of the Creek War of 1836 are included in that. An inquiry in extravagance in naval operations found that the Navy had spent about US$511,000 on the war. The investigation did find questionable expenditures. Among other things, while the Army had bought dugout canoes for $10 to $15 apiece, the Navy spent an average of $226 per canoe. The number of Army, Navy and Marine regulars who served in Florida is given as 10,169. About 30,000 militiamen and volunteers also served in the war. Sources agree that the U.S. Army officially recorded 1,466 deaths in the Second Seminole War,
Second Seminole War
11904668
animals. They hunted for what they ate, and traded with European-American settlers. They lived in structures called chickees, open-sided palm-thatched huts, probably adapted from the Calusa. In 1817, Andrew Jackson invaded Florida to hasten its annexation to the United States in what became the First Seminole War. After Florida became a U.S. territory and settlement increased, conflicts between colonists and Seminoles became more frequent. The Second Seminole War (1835–1842) resulted in almost 4,000 Seminoles in Florida being displaced or killed. The Seminole Wars pushed the Indians farther south and into the Everglades. Those who did not find refuge in the
Indigenous people of the Everglades region
11200729
helped organize several reunions between the Gullahs and their Black Seminole cousins in Oklahoma, Texas, and Northern Mexico. The Black Seminoles are the descendants of Gullah slaves who escaped into Spanish Florida in the 1700s, where they allied with the Seminole Indians. After the Second Seminole War in the 1830s, the Black Seminoles were removed to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Some later migrated to Texas and Northern Mexico, where their descendants still retain Gullah language and customs to the present day. Opala organized a symposium at Penn Center that brought Black Seminole leaders to the Gullah region for the first
Joseph Opala
6358989
migrated to northern Florida in the early 18th century, where they became part of the developing Seminole nation. By the late 18th century, the British recorded the name Miccosukee or Mikasuki as designating a Hitchiti-speaking group centered on the village of Miccosukee in the Florida Panhandle. Like other Seminole groups, they were displaced during the Seminole Wars (1817–1858), and many migrated or were forced to relocate west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory in 1842, after the Seminole Wars. The Miccosukee chief "Ar-pi-uck-i", also known as Sam Jones, proved an effective leader during the Second Seminole War. Descendants of
Miccosukee
11834882
from the South's Low Country and some free blacks from the Spanish period of rule. These people became known as Black Seminoles, establishing towns near Indian settlements. During the Seminole Wars against the United States in the 19th century, however, particularly after the second war, most Seminole and Black Seminole were forced by the US to relocate west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory. A smaller group – possibly fewer than 500 – refused to leave Florida and moved deep into the Everglades, where they avoided settlers and thrived in pseudo isolation. They fostered a culture of staunch independence.
Seminole Tribe of Florida
12712954
Buell Porter. Grayson was appointed to West Point through his ties to three very powerful families the Breckinridges, Graysons, and Porters. He graduated in 1826 and became a second lieutenant in the artillery. He was first assigned to Fort Monroe where he remained for six years. He then served in a variety of southern forts from 1832 to 1835. In 1835 the Second Seminole War broke out in Florida. John fought at Camp Izard and then at the Battle of Oloklikaha. After the Seminole War Grayson was assigned to New Orleans for eleven years. In 1847 Grayson left to fight
John B. Grayson
11070319
administration reached a removal treaty with a small group of Seminole, but the treaty was repudiated by the tribe. Jackson sent soldiers into Florida to remove the Seminole, marking the start of the Second Seminole War. The Second Seminole War dragged on until 1842, and hundreds of Seminole still remained in Florida after 1842. A shorter conflict broke out in the Northwest in 1832 after Chief Black Hawk led a band of Native Americans across the Mississippi River to their ancestral homeland in Illinois. A combination of the army and the Illinois militia drove out the Native Americans by the
Presidency of Andrew Jackson
10692164
Lewis Golding Arnold Lewis Golding Arnold (January 15, 1817 – September 22, 1871) was a career U.S. Army officer and a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, primarily noted for his service in Florida. Lewis G. Arnold was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey and graduated from West Point in 1837, placing tenth in his class. He fought in the Second Seminole War and the Mexican–American War, where he was severely wounded at Chuburusco. After the war, he once again commanded troops in Florida, and led a detachment against the Seminole Indians in the April
Lewis Golding Arnold
4727519
Garden," where corn, cotton, and sugar cane were grown, using enslaved Africans to perform the work. Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821. The Woodruffs owned the plantation from 1823 to 1830, selling it to Colonel Orlando Rees, who built the only water-powered sugar mill in Florida. John James Audubon visited Spring Garden in January, 1836, where he first painted the limpkin. The plantation was destroyed by the Seminole Indians in December, 1835, at the beginning of the Second Seminole War and again in 1864 by the Union troops during the American Civil War. After the mill stopped operating in
De Leon Springs State Park
2294391
a few Seminole and transported fewer than 200 to the West. Nine U.S. troops were killed by the Seminole. Taylor reported in the Spring of 1839 that his men had constructed 53 new posts and cut of wagon roads. In Washington and around the country in 1839, support for the war was eroding. The size of the Army had been increased because of the demands for manpower in the Florida war. Many people were beginning to think that the Seminole had earned a right to stay in Florida. The cost and time required to get all the Seminole out of
Second Seminole War
1036294
equal size the next year. The site became a distribution point, where goods were shipped by a New York company to supply immigrants at the Grant of Arredondo, which lay to the west. The arrival of land-hungry American settlers created confrontations with the resident Seminole. When the government attempted to relocate the tribe to the west of the Mississippi as part of Indian Removal starting in 1833, the Second Seminole War began. The Seminole attacked and burned Pilatka in 1835. Recognizing the site's strategic importance for control of the St. Johns River, the main artery into Central Florida, the US
Palatka, Florida
13004738
continued to leave the reservation and a second war was begun, the most expensive for the US, with many troops committed. After the Second Seminole War of the 1830s, an estimated 3,000 Seminole and 800 Black Seminoles were removed to Indian Territory, with many taken by ship across the Gulf of Mexico and up the Mississippi for part of the journey. They were first put under the Creek on their reservation. The 1830s was the period of removal for the other of the"Five Civilized Tribes" of the American Southeast. A few hundred Seminole remained in the Florida Everglades. With guerilla
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
9260591
States troops in the Second Seminole War, ordered construction of a hospital on the island. U.S. Army headquarters for the war in Florida were moved to the island, and it became known as Depot Key. In August, 1842 Colonel William J. Worth, commander of the U.S. Army in Florida, met with Seminole leaders on Depot Key and negotiated an agreement that if the Seminoles retreated to southernmost Florida and stayed there the Army would leave them be. On the basis of this agreement, Colonel Worth declared the Second Seminole War to be over. In October, 1842 Depot Key was hit
Atsena Otie Key
12343128
influx of new settlers. In 1832, the Treaty of Payne's Landing promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time. Some Seminoles remained, and the U.S. Army arrived in Florida, leading to the Second Seminole War (1835–1842). Following the war, approximately 3,000 Seminole and 800 Black Seminole were removed to Indian Territory. A few hundred Seminole remained in Florida in the Everglades. On March 3, 1845, Florida became the 27th state to join the United States of America. The state was admitted as a slave state and
Florida
12567976
He respected Davis but did not wish his daughter to become a military wife, as he knew it was a hard life for families. Davis and Sarah Taylor married in June 1835 (when she was 21), but she died three months later of malaria contracted on a visit to Davis's sister's home in St. Francisville, Louisiana. By 1837, the Second Seminole War was underway when Taylor was directed to Florida. He defeated the Seminole Indians in the Christmas Day Battle of Lake Okeechobee, which was among the largest U.S.–Indian battles of the nineteenth century; as a result, he was promoted
Zachary Taylor
1040140
refugees from Alabama and Georgia, who formed the new Seminole Indian tribe. They called the area "Ahapopka". Aha, meaning "Potato," and papka, meaning "eating place". By the 1830s, this settlement numbered about 200, and was the birthplace of the chief Coacoochee (known in English as "Wild Cat"). At the conclusion of the Second Seminole War, the U.S. Congress passed the Armed Occupation Act of 1842, forcing surviving natives at Ahapopka to abandon their village and seek refuge deeper in the wilderness of the Florida peninsula. The early American settlers built a major trading center on the foundations of the earlier
Apopka, Florida
12889852
steamboat "Western Engineer" of 1819 combined a very shallow draft with one of the earliest stern wheels. In 1819–25 Colonel Henry Atkinson developed keelboats with hand-powered paddle wheels. Internally the main military action involved the years of warfare with the Seminole Indians in Florida. They refused to move west and effectively used the terrain as a defense. The First Seminole War was from 1814 to 1819, the Second Seminole War from 1835 to 1842, and the Third Seminole War from 1855 to 1858. The U.S. used regular units and many volunteer units to fight Mexico, 1846–48. The American strategy was
History of the United States Army
13004732
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is the largest of the three federally recognized Seminole governments, which include the Seminole Tribe of Florida and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida. Its members are descendants of the 3,000 Seminoles who were forcibly removed from Florida to Indian Territory, along with 800 Black Seminoles, after the Second Seminole War. The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is headquartered in Wewoka within Seminole County, Oklahoma. Of 18,800 enrolled tribal members, 13,533 live within the state of
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
10979967
Seminoles, known as "Mascogos", still reside in Coahuila today. John Horse John Horse (c. 1812–1882), also known as Juan Caballo, Juan Cavallo, John Cowaya (with spelling variations) and Gopher John, was of mixed ancestry (African and Seminole Indian) who fought alongside the Seminoles in the Second Seminole War in Florida. He rose to prominence in the third year of what was to become a seven-year war when the first generation of Black Seminole leaders was largely decimated and the primary Seminole war chief, Osceola (Asi Yahola), fell into the hands of the American military commander, General Thomas Sydney Jesup. John
John Horse
10979917
John Horse John Horse (c. 1812–1882), also known as Juan Caballo, Juan Cavallo, John Cowaya (with spelling variations) and Gopher John, was of mixed ancestry (African and Seminole Indian) who fought alongside the Seminoles in the Second Seminole War in Florida. He rose to prominence in the third year of what was to become a seven-year war when the first generation of Black Seminole leaders was largely decimated and the primary Seminole war chief, Osceola (Asi Yahola), fell into the hands of the American military commander, General Thomas Sydney Jesup. John Horse had been fighting alongside Osceola and acting as
John Horse
1036933
where Daytona Beach is located was once inhabited by the indigenous Timucuan Indians who lived in fortified villages. The Timucuas were nearly exterminated by contact with Europeans through war, enslavement and disease and became extinct as a racial entity through assimilation and attrition during the 18th century. The Seminole Indians, descendants of Creek Indians from Georgia and Alabama, frequented the area prior to the Second Seminole War. During the era of British rule of Florida between 1763 and 1783, the King's Road passed through present-day Daytona Beach. The road extended from Saint Augustine, the capital of East Florida, to Andrew
Daytona Beach, Florida
2294340
who escaped to Florida under their rule, although the US did not recognize it. Over the years, those who became known as Black Seminoles established communities near Seminole villages, and the two peoples had close alliances although they maintained separate cultures. Slave catchers argued over the ownership of slaves. New plantations in Florida increased the pool of slaves who could escape to the Seminoles. Worried about the possibility of an Indian uprising and/or an armed slave rebellion, Governor DuVal requested additional Federal troops for Florida. Instead, Fort King was closed in 1828. The Seminoles, short of food and finding the
Second Seminole War
2456748
Distant Drums Distant Drums is a 1951 American "Florida Western" film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring Gary Cooper. It is set during the Second Seminole War in the 1840s, with Cooper playing an Army captain who destroys a fort held by the Spanish gunrunners then retreats into the Everglades while under chase. The actual location of the fort in the film was the historic Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine, Florida, where most of the filming took place. The enduring legacy of this movie is the earliest known use of the Wilhelm scream sound effect, originally used to
Distant Drums
1034751
Pine Island Ridge, Florida Pine Island Ridge was a census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,199 at the 2000 census. Formerly a part of unincorporated Broward County, Pine Island Ridge was annexed into the town of Davie, Florida on 15 September 2006, and is now a neighborhood of that town. The natural area was once the site of hunting camps of the Tequesta Native American tribe, as well as a refuge for the Seminole during the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). Broward County purchased Pine Island Ridge in 1989 as part of the $75 million
Pine Island Ridge, Florida
13004772
meaning to the deceased, along with food set aside from the traditional meal prepared following the funeral services. Seminole Nation of Oklahoma The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is the largest of the three federally recognized Seminole governments, which include the Seminole Tribe of Florida and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida. Its members are descendants of the 3,000 Seminoles who were forcibly removed from Florida to Indian Territory, along with 800 Black Seminoles, after the Second Seminole War. The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
20323217
of Round Mountain, Chusto-Talasah, Middle Boggy, and Second Cabin Creek. The First Seminole Battalion was organized on September 21, 1861. The First Seminole Battalion re-organized as the 1st Seminole Regiment on July 1, 1864. The Seminole Nation organized into companies, battalions, and regiments. In Florida, two distinct companies were raised who had Seminole Indians as members of the Confederate Army. Andrew E. Hodges, a white man who lived on the coast near Cedar Key, raised a company of Indian sharp shooters starting in 1862. Hodges' Company not only had Seminole Indians but whites, Hispanics, blacks, and other tribal members in
Seminole in the American Civil War
2294396
handlers. Initial trials of the hounds had mixed results, and a public outcry arose against the use of the dogs, based on fears that they would be set on the Seminole in physical attacks, including against women and children. The Secretary of War ordered the dogs to be muzzled and kept on leashes while tracking. As bloodhounds cannot track through water, the Seminole easily evaded the dogs. In the north of Florida, Taylor's blockhouse and patrol system kept the Seminole on the move, but the Army could not clear them from the area. Ambushes of travelers were common. On February
Second Seminole War
1546666
them a greatly reduced reservation in the Everglades of about . They and the Black Seminoles moved into central and southern Florida. In 1832, the United States government signed the Treaty of Payne's Landing with a few of the Seminole chiefs. They promised lands west of the Mississippi River if the chiefs agreed to leave Florida voluntarily with their people. The Seminoles who remained prepared for war. White colonists continued to press for their removal. In 1835, the U.S. Army arrived to enforce the treaty. The Seminole leader Osceola led the vastly outnumbered resistance during the Second Seminole War. Drawing
Seminole
1546658
majority of Seminole to move from Florida to the Indian Territory (modern Oklahoma) after the Second Seminole War. Micanopy's sister's son, John Jumper, succeeded him in 1849 and, after his death in 1853, his brother Jim Jumper became principal chief. He was in power through the American Civil War, after which the US government began to interfere with tribal government, supporting its own candidate for chief. After the independent United States acquired Florida from Spain in 1821, white settlers increased political and governmental pressure on the Seminole to move and give up their lands. "The Seminoles were victims of a
Seminole
15211633
in March 8, 1816. Masot dealt severely with a slave uprising. Masot was the Governor of Florida at the outbreak of The First Seminole War. After a garrison of the Negro Fort killed a group of American sailors, General Jackson decided to destroy it. In April 1816, Jackson informed Masot that if the Spanish did not eliminate the Negro Fort, he would. Masot replied that he did not have sufficient forces to take the fort. Jackson then assigned Brigadier General Edmund Pendleton Gaines to the task. On July 1816, a supply fleet for Fort Scott reached the Apalachicola River. Colonel
José Masot
2294377
war was ending, and had not planned a long campaign. Many of the soldiers had been assigned elsewhere, or, in the case of militias and volunteers, released from duty. It was also getting into summer, the 'sickly season', and the Army did not fight aggressively in Florida during the summer. The Panic of 1837 was reducing government revenues, but Congress appropriated another US$1.6 million for the war. In August the Army stopped supplying rations to civilians who had taken refuge at its forts. Jesup did keep pressure on the Seminoles by sending small units into the field. Many of the
Second Seminole War
2294398
earlier served in Florida as second in command to General Jesup. Armistead began an offensive, sending out 100 soldiers at a time to search for the Seminole and their camps. For the first time, the Army campaigned in Florida during the summer, taking captives and destroying crops and buildings. The Seminole also were active in warfare, killing fourteen soldiers during July. The Army worked to find the Seminole camps, burn their fields and stores of food, and drive off their livestock, including their horses. Armistead planned to turn over the defense of Florida north of Fort King to the militia
Second Seminole War
909213
settlers, the government sent the militia home and reassigned most of the regular Army troops, leaving only small contingents in larger coastal forts such as Fort Brooke. Most of the smaller forts scattered across the Florida wilderness were decommissioned and soon stripped by settlers of any usable material. During the American Civil War, the Confederate government of Florida contacted Sam Jones with promises of aid to keep the Seminole from fighting on the side of the Union. The state did not follow through on its promises, but the Seminole were not interested in fighting another war and remained neutral. The
Seminole Wars
2294424
regiment, the Eighth Infantry, was still in Florida. In November 1843 Worth reported that the only Indians left in Florida were 42 Seminole warriors, 33 Mikasukis, 10 Creeks and 10 Tallahassees, with women and children bringing the total to about 300. Worth also stated that these Indians were all living on the reservation and were no longer a threat to the white population of Florida. Mahon cites estimates of US$30,000,000 to $40,000,000 as the cost of the Second Seminole War, but knew of no analysis of the actual cost. Congress appropriated funds for the 'suppression of Indian hostilities', but the
Second Seminole War
6625398
Battle of Wahoo Swamp The Battle of Wahoo Swamp was an extended military engagement of the Second Seminole War fought in late 1836 in the Wahoo Swamp, approximately 50 miles northeast of Fort Brooke in Tampa and 35 miles south of Fort King in Ocala. An army of militia, Tennessee volunteers, Creek mercenaries and United States Marines and Army Soldiers led by the governor of Florida, General Richard K. Call, encountered Seminole forces led by chiefs Osuchee and Yaholooche in Wahoo Swamp, a large area of wetlands and cypress hammocks in today's Sumter County, Florida. The Second Seminole War between
Battle of Wahoo Swamp
909123
he would. The governor replied that he did not have the forces to take the fort. Jackson assigned Brigadier General Edmund Pendleton Gaines to take control of the fort. Gaines directed Colonel Duncan Lamont Clinch to build Fort Scott on the Flint River just north of the Florida border. Gaines said he intended to supply Fort Scott from New Orleans via the Apalachicola River. As this would mean passing through Spanish territory and past the Negro Fort, it would allow the U.S. Army to keep an eye on the Seminole and the Negro Fort. If the fort fired on the
Seminole Wars
7094769
Miccosukee where he lived among the Seminole of western Florida. During 1800 until 1802, the area was used by Bolek as a base of operations in staging raids into Georgia. During the War of 1812, Kinache reportedly fought with British forces against General Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. The following year, Kinache defended the Seminole stronghold of Fort Negro against an attack by Col. Duncan L. Clinch when US troops attempted to capture escaped slaves hiding among the Seminole. During the First Seminole War, Kinache commanded Miccosukee forces against the combined forces of American and Creeks under
Kinache
5544979
Halleck Tustenuggee Halleck Tustenuggee (also spelled Halek Tustenuggee and Hallock Tustenuggee) (c. 1807 – ?) was a 19th-century Seminole warchief. He fought against the United States government in the Second Seminole War and for the government in the American Civil War. "Tustenuggee", translated as "Warrior" or "Grand Chief of War", was a common surname for Seminole warchiefs. Halleck was born in central Florida in the "Miccosuke" clan. He vehemently opposed the seizure of Indian lands by whites, and even killed his own sister by cutting her throat when she talked about surrender. He fought at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee
Halleck Tustenuggee
201930
Second Seminole War. Osceola was a war leader of the Seminole in their fight against removal. Based in the Everglades of Florida, Osceola and his band used surprise attacks to defeat the U.S. Army in many battles. In 1837, Osceola was seized by deceit upon the orders of U.S. General Thomas Jesup when Osceola came under a flag of truce to negotiate a peace near Fort Peyton. Osceola died in prison of illness. The war would result in over 1,500 U.S. deaths and cost the government $20 million. Some Seminole traveled deeper into the Everglades, while others moved west. Removal
Indian removal
18118980
USS Phoenix (1841) The second USS "Phoenix" was a schooner that served in the United States Navy from 1841 to 1853, seeing service in the Second Seminole War and the Mexican War. "Phoenix" was constructed for the U.S. Navy at Baltimore, Maryland, in 1841. She departed Baltimore on 19 September 1841 with Passed Midshipman C. St. G. Noland as her commanding officer and sailed to the coast of Florida for operations against the Seminoles in the Second Seminole War. She continued this duty supporting operations of the "Mosquito Fleet" through the general pacification of the Seminoles in August 1842. "Phoenix"
USS Phoenix (1841)
2294395
Mikasuki camp. The officers declined but sent two soldiers and a Black Seminole interpreter with a keg of whiskey. The Mikasuki killed the soldiers, but the Black Seminole escaped. He reported at the fort that Sam Jones and Chitto Tustenuggee were involved in the attack. In August 1839, Seminole raiding parties operated as far north as Fort White. The Army decided to use bloodhounds to track the Seminole. (Although General Taylor had requested and received permission to buy bloodhounds in 1838, he had not done so.) In early 1840, the Florida territorial government purchased bloodhounds from Cuba and hired Cuban
Second Seminole War
4853510
The Yuchi settled in the north and northwestern parts of the Creek Nation. Three towns which the Yuchi established in the 19th century continue today: Duck Creek, Polecat, and Sand Creek. Some Yuchi escaped forced removal by going to Florida, where they joined with the Seminole. Uchee Billy was a well known chief during the Second Seminole War. He was captured in 1837 with his brother Jack by General Hernandez, who also captured Osceola. They were imprisoned in Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida. The Yuchi tribe has been trying to gain federal recognition status for over 20 years. While
Yuchi
16256994
Frederick Weedon Frederick R. Weedon (1784–1857) was a contract surgeon to the U.S. Army during the Second Seminole War and was the physician who attended to the ailing Seminole warriors Osceola and Uchee Billy after their capture, and was notorious for decapitating their heads after they died. Weedon was born in Maryland, moved to Alabama and then the Florida Territory where he was the first to receive a permit for land under the Armed Occupation Act of 1842 in Mosquito County (today that area is St. Lucie County). Weedon was the son of Sarah Sands and William Weedon who served
Frederick Weedon
1916655
Civil War generals Joseph Hooker, John C. Pemberton, Jubal A. Early, John Sedgwick, and William H.T. Walker. He did well in academic pursuits because of his superior memory, rather than industrious study, and received fewer disciplinary demerits than most of his contemporaries. He graduated fifth of fifty cadets from the West Point Class of 1837 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Artillery. Bragg served in the Second Seminole War in Florida, initially as an assistant commissary officer and regimental adjutant, seeing no actual combat. He soon began to suffer from a series of illnesses that he
Braxton Bragg
11811413
but did not see combat as British troops did not invade South Carolina. In 1827, the widow of Colonel William Washington presented the company with his old Revolutionary War battleflag. In 1836, the company was activated and sent to Florida to combat hostile Seminole Indians during the Seminole Wars. They guarded the city of St. Augustine. Six years later, the company helped establish the South Carolina Military Academy. During the Mexican–American War, the company became part of the Palmetto Regiment and marched into Mexico City in the army of Winfield Scott. When South Carolina seceded from the Union in early
Washington Light Infantry
16584844
Concord Cemetery The Concord Cemetery is a cemetery in Casselberry, Florida, where Seminole Indians, pioneers and veterans are buried. Originally, burials were started during the 1830s to 1850s, when a blockhouse called Fort Concord was built to defend against Indian attacks during the Seminole Wars. The fort was burned sometime between the Civil War and 1885. However, burials continued on, especially when a church was constructed in 1885. Veterans from the Civil War and pioneers were laid to rest, along with the Indians and Seminole War soldiers buried before them. The Concord Church caught fire and was destroyed with all
Concord Cemetery
1546677
and Florida tribes entered negotiations, which was their first sustained contact in the more than a century since removal. In 1990 the settlement was awarded: three-quarters to the Seminole Tribe of Oklahoma and one-quarter to the Seminole of Florida, including the Miccosukee. By that time the total settlement was worth $40 million. The tribes have set up judgment trusts, which fund programs to benefit their people, such as education and health. As a result of the Second Seminole War (1835–1842) about 3,800 Seminole and Black Seminoles were forcibly removed to Indian Territory (the modern state of Oklahoma). During the American
Seminole
11228195
Second Seminole War. The Seminole were more resistant to removal than other tribes of the South due in large part to the influence of hundreds of escaped slaves and other African Americans who lived among the Seminole. These escaped slaves feared that the departure of the Seminole would lead to their own re-enslavement. Prior to leaving office, Jackson had placed General Thomas Jesup in command of all U.S. troops in Florida in order to force Seminole emigration to the West. Forts were established throughout the Indian territory and columns of soldiers scoured the countryside. Feeling the pressure, many Seminoles, including
Presidency of Martin Van Buren
2294422
then went on ninety-days leave, leaving command to Colonel Josiah Vose. The Army in Florida consisted at this point of parts of three regiments, totaling 1,890 men. Attacks on white settlers continued even as far north as the area around Tallahassee. Otiarche and Tiger Tail had not indicated what they would do. Complaints from Florida caused the War Department to order Vose to take action against the bands still off the reservation, but Vose argued that breaking the pledges made to the Indians would have bad results, and the War Department accepted his arguments. In early October a major hurricane
Second Seminole War
2294382
along the Caloosahatchee River. A joint Army-Navy unit patrolled the lower east coast of Florida. Other troops patrolled the northern part of the territory to protect against Seminole raids. Colonel Taylor saw the first major action of the campaign. Leaving Fort Gardiner on the upper Kissimmee with 1,000 men on December 19, Taylor headed towards Lake Okeechobee. In the first two days out ninety Seminoles surrendered. On the third day Taylor stopped to build Fort Basinger, where he left his sick and enough men to guard the Seminoles that had surrendered. Three days later, on Christmas Day, 1837, Taylor's column
Second Seminole War
16164170
Judah P. Benjamin, the future Secretary of State of the Confederate States of America. In the United States, Levy soon purchased 50,000 acres in north-central Florida, where he developed Pilgrimage Plantation, a refuge for persecuted European Jews. He also was among the founders of the town of Micanopy. Levy is frequently noted as the father of U.S. Senator David Levy Yulee, the first senator of Jewish ancestry. Pilgrimage Plantation, the first communitarian refuge in America for displaced European Jews, was destroyed by Seminole forces in 1835 during the onset of the Second Seminole War. Moses Elias Levy Moses Elias Levy
Moses Elias Levy
5915228
Second Seminole War when the old tribal system broke down and the Seminole resolved themselves into loose war bands living off the land with no distinction between tribal members and black fugitives. This changed again in the new territory when the Seminole were obliged to settle on fixed lots of land and take up settled agriculture. Conflict arose in the Territory because the transplanted Seminole had been placed on land allocated to the Creek Indians, who had a practice of chattel slavery. There was increasing pressure from both Creek and pro-Creek Seminole for the adoption of the Creek model of
Black Seminoles
10979948
tribute of crops to the tribal chief for the general welfare of the tribe, there was little effective difference between how the Seminole lived and the lives of their nominal slaves. This changed in the course of the Second Seminole War when the old tribal system broke down under the pressure of the fighting and the Seminole resolved themselves into loose war bands living off the land with no distinction between tribal members and their so-called slaves. But this changed yet again in the new territory when the Seminole were obliged to settle on fixed lots of land and take
John Horse
20123950
the Mikasuki War (1800-1802), 90% were African Americans. The Seminoles repeatedly took up arms to defend their land. They fought in three major conflicts, the Patriot War, the First Seminole War, and the Second Seminole War and were in countless skirmishes with slave catchers. The Seminoles were at war with the United States far longer than other Southern Native American nations, the Seminoles continued to take black captives, and encouraged African Americans to join them in their fight against the invading Americans. The Seminoles continued to destroy and raid plantations. Throughout 1836, Seminole warriors continued to best U.S. troops, but
Native American slave ownership
17598964
on the Green. John L. Gardner (brigadier general) John Lane Gardner (1793–1869) served in the U.S. Army eventually achieving the rank of brevet Brigadier General after serving in the American Civil War having also served in the War of 1812, the Second Seminole War and the Mexican–American War. After Gardner retired from military service he devoted time to recruiting for the Army. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1793 during George Washington's second term Gardner joined the U.S. Army during the War of 1812 where he found his place as a career army officer. Just before the Civil War he was
John L. Gardner (brigadier general)
17598951
John L. Gardner (brigadier general) John Lane Gardner (1793–1869) served in the U.S. Army eventually achieving the rank of brevet Brigadier General after serving in the American Civil War having also served in the War of 1812, the Second Seminole War and the Mexican–American War. After Gardner retired from military service he devoted time to recruiting for the Army. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1793 during George Washington's second term Gardner joined the U.S. Army during the War of 1812 where he found his place as a career army officer. Just before the Civil War he was commander of the
John L. Gardner (brigadier general)
10580052
started the Second Seminole War. On 3 January 1836, Cooley led a large shipwrecking expedition from the settlement to free the "Gil Blas", a ship that had beached the previous September; the scale of the operation required most of the settlement's able men. The following day, a group of 15 to 20 Seminoles invaded the Cooley house, killed Cooley's wife and children, scalped the children's tutor, and burned the house to the ground. Although the Indians did not attack any other families, the massacre triggered the departure of the white settlers from the area. During the second Seminole War, Major
History of Fort Lauderdale, Florida
6806248
nearby Key Biscayne to warn passing ships of the dangerous reefs. In 1830, Richard Fitzpatrick bought land on the Miami River from Bahamian James Egan. He built a plantation with slave labor where he cultivated sugarcane, bananas, maize, and tropical fruit. In January 1836, shortly after the beginning of the Second Seminole War, Fitzpatrick removed his slaves and closed his plantation. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, where Major William S. Harney led several raids against the Indians. Fort Dallas was located on Fitzpatrick's plantation on the north bank of the river. Most of the non-Indian population
History of Miami
1041409
Black Seminole, free blacks and escaped slaves who established Minatti south of Lake Hancock in the late 1810s. These "maroons", as they were commonly called, were slaves who escaped from Georgia and the Carolinas. The Black Seminole of Minatti were allies of the Red Stick Creek in "Talakchopko", a village that preceded present-day Fort Meade. The Seminole leader Osceola had strong ties to Talakchopko. Many of the events leading up to the Second Seminole War were associated with Osceola and the Minatti war chief Harry. By the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842, both Minatti and Talakchopko had
Bartow, Florida
18002364
Liberal candidate for the Oswestry division of Shropshire at the 1929 General Election. Oswestry was a safe Unionist seat where the Liberals usually finished second. He achieved a swing of 8.2%, but it was not enough to win the seat; He did not stand for parliament again. He was selected as a Liberal Party prospective parliamentary candidate for the neighbouring constituency of Shrewsbury sometime after 1935 and was active there in anticipation of a general election expected to take place in 1939/1940. As it transpired, due to the outbreak of war, the election did not take place until 1945, by
John Share Jones
12629037
meetings that summer, the totem was changed to that of the left-handed handclasp, and the name of the camp was adopted as the Lodge name ("Echockotee" is a Seminole word meaning "we are brothers"). For many years the Lodge was active with Summer Camp activities, holding meetings at the end of camp or occasionally at the Seminole Hotel in Jacksonville during the year. Echockotee hosted the first statewide gathering of lodges, called Area Meetings in 1945, 1946 and 1947 (among the first such gatherings in the country). Not until the mid-1950s did regularly scheduled lodge weekends take place away from
North Florida Council
13320585
in the preliminary race at the league championships and during the finals of the 100 meters at the Seminole Invitational. In indoor, he advanced to the NCAA Indoor Championships where he ran a 6.78 in the prelims of the 60 meters. He earned a pair of All-ACC honors with second-place finishes in the 60 meters and 200 meters at the conference championships. He ran a season-best time of 21.37 seconds in the finals of the 200 meters. Finished second with a time of 6.68 seconds in the finals of the 60 meters. Posted a season-best of 6.66 seconds to take
Michael Ray Garvin
882377
became a U.S. territory in 1821, conflicts between settlers and the Seminole increased as the former tried to acquire lands. The Second Seminole War lasted from 1835 to 1842, and afterward, the US forcibly removed about 3,000 Seminole and 800 Black Seminole to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), west of the Mississippi River. Many others died in the war. Conflict broke out again in the Third Seminole War from 1855 to 1859, when a few hundred Seminole fought off US forces from the swamps of the Everglades. The US finally decided to leave them alone, as they could not dislodge them
Everglades
2294374
At the "Battle of Hatchee-Lustee", the Marine brigade captured between thirty and forty Seminoles and blacks, mainly women and children, along with 100 pack ponies and 1,400 head of cattle. At the end of January some Seminole chiefs sent messengers to Jesup, and a truce was arranged. Fighting did not stop right away, and a meeting between Jesup and the chiefs did not occur until near the end of February. In March a 'Capitulation' was signed by a number of chiefs, including Micanopy, stipulating that the Seminoles could be accompanied by their allies and "their negroes, their 'bona fide' property"
Second Seminole War
14754858
Phillip). Uchee Billy's band was shortly afterward persuaded to leave Spring Garden by a white settler and moved to a place southwest of the St. Johns River. The U.S. government seems to have ignored the Yuchi presence, as no Yuchi chiefs were invited to the negotiations that resulted in the Treaty of Moultrie Creek in 1823. While Yuchis were reported to have participated in the 1835 ambush of U.S. Army troops known as the Dade massacre, Uchee Billy is not known to have been there. He did travel into Georgia and Alabama at the beginning of the Second Seminole War
Uchee Billy
17956306
Thlocklo Tustenuggee Thlocklo Tustenuggee (also known as Thlocko, Thlocco, and Tiger Tail) was one of the most prominent Seminole leaders in the Second Seminole War. He spoke English fluently, and also spoke Muscogee. Tustenuggee was one of the three leaders of the 300 Seminoles who fought in the battle that became known as the Dade Massacre. During the war, he and Halleck Tustenuggee, another prominent Seminole leader in the war, met with General Walker Keith Armistead to negotiate, but negotiations broke down and the war resumed. As the war waned, Armistead used money to bribe several Seminole leaders to surrender,
Thlocklo Tustenuggee
5029734
to take place before the end of 1940, however this did not happen due to the Second World War. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected: General Election 1914/15: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915, however this was not held due to the First World War. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected: Harborough (UK Parliament
Harborough (UK Parliament constituency)
13004761
religious ceremonial practices, life revolves around a cycle of ritual activities at the "ceremonial or stomp grounds." In modern times, these are religious centers where ceremonial dances, dinners and ball games take place, mainly during weekends throughout the spring, summer and early fall months. Originally the individual town bands or "atilwa" ("etvlwv" in Creek) would physically organize in groups around the ceremonial ring. Seminole ceremonialism, based in Creek culture, guided every aspect of tribal life. Ceremonial teachings continue to guide those who participate in these traditions in modern times. The rituals were associated with major seasons and cycles of the
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
14412654
Haysboro, Tennessee, on August 22, 1800." When he entered the military, he enlisted as a Second Lieutenant in the First United States Infantry on February 12, 1818, and remained at that rank throughout the First Seminole War which was sparked by Andrew Jackson's attack on a fort held by the Seminole people. Harney was recognized for his military abilities and raised to the rank of First Lieutenant, on January 7, 1819. Harney continued in his military career and, after the end of the Second Seminole War, served in the Mexican–American War and the Civil War, retiring on August 1, 1863,
Lake Harney
20123951
more alarming to white Americans was the relationship between Seminoles and African Americans. They feared that the alliance grew with each passing day, as the Seminoles captured slaves and enticed others to escape. After witnessing the unrest among Creeks forced to emigrate, General Thomas Jesup believed that the Second Seminole War could ignite the entire South in a general uprising, wherein people of color might destroy the region's plantation economy as well as their white oppressors. The traditional relationship between Seminole blacks and natives changed following the Second Seminole War when the Seminole were relocated to settle on fixed lots
Native American slave ownership
13151450
due to flooding, and Seminole war chief Osceola, who led the Seminole who lived there during the Second Seminole War. The song begins with a slow piano and fiddle solo, before leading into an up-tempo country rock beat of approximately 126 beats per minute. It is in E Dorian with a main chord pattern of Em-G-D-A. During the song's instrumental outro that follows the repeat of the chorus a second time, the song goes back to slow fiddle and piano chords about halfway through. The music video features views of Indian lands, people, and traditions, and it was directed by
Seminole Wind (song)
5915241
Seminole Freedmen thrived in towns near the Seminole communities on the reservation. Most had not been living as slaves to the Indians before the war. They lived —as their descendants still do— in and around Wewoka, Oklahoma, the community founded in 1849 by John Horse as a black settlement. Today it is the capital of the federally recognized Seminole Nation of Oklahoma. Following the Civil War, some Freedmen's leaders in Indian Territory practiced polygyny, as did ethnic African leaders in other diaspora communities. In 1900 there were 1,000 Freedmen listed in the population of the Seminole Nation in Indian Territory,
Black Seminoles
12602241
by the Navy for the duration of the Second Seminole War. Indian Key continued to be occupied for a while after the Second Seminole War ended, in 1842. The county seat for Dade County was moved to Miami in 1844, and the upper Keys, including Indian Key, were returned to Monroe County. The 1850 Census found a few families living there, while only two families were left on the island in 1860. In 1856, during the Third Seminole War, the U.S. Army stationed a few men on the island to protect the two remaining families from possible attack by Seminoles.
Indian Key, Florida
3783709
The Gulf War Did Not Take Place The Gulf War Did Not Take Place () is a collection of three short essays by Jean Baudrillard published in the French newspaper "Libération" and British paper "The Guardian" between January and March 1991. Contrary to the title, the author believes that the events and violence of the Gulf War actually took place, whereas the issue is one of interpretation: were the events that took place comparable to how they were presented, and could these events be called a war? The title is a reference to the play "The Trojan War Will Not
The Gulf War Did Not Take Place
2294344
three years to move west of the Mississippi. The government interpreted the three years as starting 1832, and expected the Seminoles to move in 1835. Fort King was reopened in 1834. A new Seminole agent, Wiley Thompson, had been appointed in 1834, and the task of persuading the Seminoles to move fell to him. He called the chiefs together at Fort King in October 1834 to talk to them about the removal to the west. The Seminoles informed Thompson that they had no intention of moving, and that they did not feel bound by the Treaty of Payne's Landing. Thompson
Second Seminole War
10979930
land turtle, or tortoise (a so-called "gopher"), multiple times for the major's personal mess. Discovering the young boy's fraud, Brooke opted for leniency and let John go on condition he make good on the missing turtles which he apparently did. This began a lifelong relationship between John Horse and the American military and vouchsafed him his nickname in later life, Gopher John. He would go on to fight against the American army, on the side of his fellow Seminole, and, eventually, to work with the Americans. During the Second Seminole War of 1835 to 1842, which began when American settlers
John Horse
909182
only about 95 Seminole men and some 200 women and children living on the reservation were left, and that they were no longer a threat. The Second Seminole War may have cost as much as $40,000,000. More than 40,000 regular U.S. military, militiamen and volunteers served in the war. This Indian war cost the lives of 1,500 soldiers, mostly from disease. It is estimated that more than 300 regular U.S. Army, Navy and Marine Corps personnel were killed in action, along with 55 volunteers. There is no record of the number of Seminole killed in action, but many homes and
Seminole Wars
14998645
of 1817–1823, in which they fought against the Osage. Following the Seminole War, Cherokee warriors, with only one exception, did not take to the warpath in the Southeast again until the time of the American Civil War, when William Holland Thomas raised the Thomas Legion of Cherokee Indians and Highlanders in North Carolina to fight for the Confederacy. In 1830, however, the State of Georgia seized land in its south that had belonged to the Cherokee since the end of the Creek War, land separated from the rest of the Cherokee Nation by a large section of Georgia territory, and
Chickamauga Cherokee
1546668
US in 1837. He died in jail less than a year later. He was decapitated, his body buried without his head. Other war chiefs, such as Halleck Tustenuggee and John Jumper, and the Black Seminoles Abraham and John Horse, continued the Seminole resistance against the army. After a full decade of fighting, the war ended in 1842. Scholars estimate the U.S. government spent about $40,000,000 on the war, at the time a huge sum. An estimated 3,000 Seminole and 800 Black Seminole were forcibly exiled to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi, where they were settled on the Creek reservation.
Seminole
3783710
Take Place" by Jean Giraudoux (in which characters attempt to prevent what the audience knows is inevitable). The essays in "Libération" and "The Guardian" were published before, during and after the Gulf War and they were titled accordingly: during the American military and rhetorical buildup as "The Gulf War Will not take Place"; during military action as "The Gulf War is not Taking Place", and after action was over, "The Gulf War Did Not Take Place". A book of elongated versions of the truncated original articles in French was published in May 1991. The English translation was published in early
The Gulf War Did Not Take Place
3783712
the experience of what truly happened in the conflict, and its stylized, selective misrepresentation through "simulacra". The Gulf War Did Not Take Place The Gulf War Did Not Take Place () is a collection of three short essays by Jean Baudrillard published in the French newspaper "Libération" and British paper "The Guardian" between January and March 1991. Contrary to the title, the author believes that the events and violence of the Gulf War actually took place, whereas the issue is one of interpretation: were the events that took place comparable to how they were presented, and could these events be
The Gulf War Did Not Take Place
5081167
sent a party on board "Denbigh" and helped to set the blockade runner aflame. "Seminole" sailed for the North on 20 July and was decommissioned at the Boston Navy Yard on 11 August, where it was laid up until sold on 20 July 1870 to Mullen and Winchester. USS Seminole (1859) The first USS "Seminole" was a steam sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. "Seminole" was launched by the Pensacola Navy Yard on 25 June 1859; sponsored by Ms. Mary Dallas; and was commissioned there on 25 April 1860, Commander Edward R. Thomson in command.
USS Seminole (1859)
7093910
Osceola, Alligator and Wild Cat (a nephew of Micanopy), in opposing the treaty. They began to organize resistance among the Seminole warriors. Following Osceola's murder of the US Indian agent General Wiley Thompson, Micanopy (with Osceola) attacked forces under Major Francis Langhorne Dade and General Duncan Lamont Clinch in December 1835. Only three soldiers survived what the Americans called Dade's Massacre, contributing to calls for US military action against the Seminole, and the beginning of the Second Seminole War. The Seminole had early success, but the elderly Micanopy became convinced of the futility of war against the large numbers of
Micanopy
14142
this dispute began the Second Seminole War. The war lasted over six years, finally ending in 1842. Members of the Creek Nation had signed the Treaty of Cusseta in 1832, allowing the Creek to either sell or retain their land. Conflict later erupted between the Creek who remained and the white settlers, leading to a second Creek War. A common complaint amongst the tribes was that the men who had signed the treaties did not represent the whole tribe. The state of Georgia became involved in a contentious dispute with the Cherokee, culminating in the 1832 Supreme Court decision in
Andrew Jackson
10379289
did not participate in any of the battles in Canada during the War of 1812. The present 2nd Infantry also bears the two battle honors earned by the original/old 2nd Infantry for the Miami Campaign (1790-1795) and Alabama 1814. In the ensuing years the regiment was primarily concerned with manning and constructing forts around the Great Lakes. When the Black Hawk War of 1832 erupted the 2nd Infantry was sent to Illinois but did not participate in any fighting. The regiment returned to its posts on the Great Lakes. During the Second Seminole War, from 1838 to 1842, the regiment
2nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
14775051
property supported a rich historical past. The preserve is named after Seminole leader Hálpata Tastanaki (Chief Alligator) who, along with Osceola, Jumper and approximately 1,000 warriors, took part in the largest battle of the Second Seminole Indian War in 1836. Included within the property is the site of the community of Stockton, established shortly after the conclusion of the Second Seminole Indian War. Public ownership of the property provides for the long-term protection and enhancement of floodplain forests along the Withlacoochee River, isolated wetland systems and extensive upland areas with high rates of aquifer recharge. Hálpata Tastanaki Preserve Hálpata Tastanaki
Hálpata Tastanaki Preserve
13242057
Ee-mat-la Ee-mat-la, also known as King Phillip, (9 October 1739 - 8 October 1839) was a Seminole chief during the Second Seminole War. He was captured while camped at Dunlawton plantation, and held at Fort Marion. He died while being transported west in 1839. He was "also a very aged chief, who has been a man of great notoriety and distinction in his time, but has now got too old for further warlike enterprize." The long shirts with wide collars were apparently used through the Second Seminole War, to judge from Catlin's paintings. Not one of his seven portraits of
Ee-mat-la
10286539
Shipyard division of Bethlehem Steel Corp. "Navajo" and "Seminole" joined the Pacific fleet in 1940, and "Cherokee" to the Atlantic fleet. "Navajo" was en route to San Diego from Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and immediately reversed course back to Pearl Harbor once news broke of the Japanese attack. She became a critical element of salvage operations there, as did her sister ship "Seminole", in the days following the attack. Following the loss during World War II of the first two ships of the class, "Navajo" and "Seminole", the class was renamed from its original pre-war name of "Navajo"
Cherokee-class tugboat
7867155
"Seminole" interrupted this work to engage in simulated amphibious movements and assault landings along the eastern coast. The ruse, between 29–31 January, caused the enemy to deploy his troops where they did not threaten United Nations forces. Her mission completed, "Seminole" returned to the ferrying of POW's on 2 February. On 8 February, additional simulated assault landings were made. On 10 February, "Seminole" departed Inchon for Japan and arrived at Sasebo two days later. She made one more trip to Korea and back that month, returning to Yokosuka Harbor on the 25th. "Seminole" departed Sasebo on 4 April, arriving at
USS Seminole (AKA-104)
2294386
wounded. (The party's retreat was covered by Army Lt. Joseph E. Johnston.) At the end of January Jesup's troops caught up with a large body of Seminoles to the east of Lake Okeechobee. The Seminoles were originally positioned in a hammock, but cannon and rocket fire drove them back across a wide stream (the Loxahatchee River), where they made another stand. The Seminoles eventually just faded away, having caused more casualties than they received, and the Battle of Loxahatchee was over. The fighting now died down. In February 1838 Seminole chiefs Tuskegee and Halleck Hadjo approached Jesup with the proposition
Second Seminole War
18417358
as assistant to post surgeon Walter V, Wheaton. There he was allowed to take classes in mathematics and languages and was commissioned as an army assistant surgeon in 1830. Tripler was regularly transferred over the whole country before he served in the Second Seminole War and the Mexican–American War. During the Mexico City Campaign he was assigned as Medical Director of General David E. Twiggs regular division and was afterwards ordered to organize and command the army's general hospital in the city. After the war he continued his service in New York, Michigan, Kentucky and California. In 1852 Tripler was
Charles Stuart Tripler
10580053
William Lauderdale led his Tennessee Volunteers into the area. In 1838, Lauderdale erected a fort on the New River at the site of the modern city of Fort Lauderdale (where SW 9th Avenue meets SW 4th Court). Lauderdale left after one month, but his name remained. The Seminoles destroyed the fort a few months later. Two more forts were built sequentially, each closer to the ocean. After the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842, the fort was abandoned, and the area remained largely empty, as the remaining Seminoles withdrew to Pine Island (near present-day Hollywood Seminole Indian Reservation),
History of Fort Lauderdale, Florida