who was the first person born on antarctica
Emilio Marcos Palma
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Emilio Palma Emilio Marcos Palma (born 7 January 1978) is an Argentine man known for being the first documented person born on the continent of Antarctica. Palma was born in Fortín Sargento Cabral at the Esperanza Base, near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, and weighed . His father, Captain Jorge Palma, was head of the Argentine Army detachment at the base. While ten people have been born in Antarctica since, Palma's birthplace remains the southernmost. In late 1977, Silvia Morella de Palma, who was then seven months pregnant, was airlifted to Esperanza Base, in order to complete her pregnancy
Emilio Palma
3191064
Emilio Palma Emilio Marcos Palma (born 7 January 1978) is an Argentine man known for being the first documented person born on the continent of Antarctica. Palma was born in Fortín Sargento Cabral at the Esperanza Base, near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, and weighed . His father, Captain Jorge Palma, was head of the Argentine Army detachment at the base. While ten people have been born in Antarctica since, Palma's birthplace remains the southernmost. In late 1977, Silvia Morella de Palma, who was then seven months pregnant, was airlifted to Esperanza Base, in order to complete her pregnancy
Emilio Palma
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Bauer was also born in Antarctica 12 years later while his parents were on a 2 years science mission. Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen of Norway, born in the island territory of South Georgia on 8 October 1913, was the first person born and raised in the Antarctic (the world region south of the Antarctic Convergence). The first human born in the wider Antarctic region was the Australian James Kerguelen Robinson, born in Kerguelen Islands on 11 March 1859. Emilio Palma Emilio Marcos Palma (born 7 January 1978) is an Argentine man known for being the first documented person born on the
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islands, and it is the part of Antarctica most often visited by tour vessels and yachts. Occupied bases include Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, Bellingshausen Station, Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Base, Rothera Research Station and San Martín Base. Today, on the Antarctic Peninsula there are many abandoned scientific and military bases. Ice core and sediment samples from the peninsula are valuable because events such as the Little Ice Age can be verified with samples from other continents. Argentina's Esperanza Base was the birthplace of Emilio Marcos Palma, the first person to be born in Antarctica. Tourism to the Antarctic Peninsula
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assistant manager of the whaling station, and Klara Olette Jacobsen. Jacobsen arrived on the island in 1904 and became the manager of Grytviken, serving from 1914 to 1921; two of his children were born on the island. Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the
Antarctica
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varies from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research are present in the waters of the treaty region. At least ten children have been born in West Antarctica. The first was Emilio Marcos Palma, born on 7 January 1978 to Argentine parents at Esperanza, Hope Bay, near the tip of the Antarctic peninsula. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva Base, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Soon after, a girl, Gisella, was born at the same station. In
Demographics of Antarctica
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it is the birthplace of Emilio Marcos Palma, the first person to be born in Antarctica. There have been at least ten other children born at the base. Like the rest of the Antarctic Peninsula, the base has a polar climate characterized by strong winds that descend downwards from Antarctic ice sheet. These winds can exceed , leading to blowing snow and reduced visibility. The climate is classified as a polar tundra (ET) climate in the Köppen system. Mean monthly temperatures range from in June, the coldest month to in January, the warmest month. During summer (December–February), the average high
Esperanza Base
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7, 1978) is an Argentine citizen who is the first person known to be born on the continent of Antarctica. He was born in Fortín Sargento Cabral at the Esperanza Base near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and weighed 3.4 kg (7 lb 8 oz). Colonization of Antarctica Colonization of Antarctica refers to having humans including families living permanently on the continent of Antarctica. Currently, the continent only hosts a temporary transient population of scientists and support staff. Antarctica is the only continent on Earth without indigenous human inhabitants. At present scientists and staff from 30 countries live on
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Martyn S. Williams Martyn Stephen Williams was born in Liverpool England on May 2, 1947. As a mountain and wilderness guide he is the first person in the world to lead expeditions to the three extremes, South Pole (1989) North Pole (1992) and Everest (1991). He is the first person to cross the continent of Antarctica under human power (1990). He founded Adventure Network International , the Antarctic services company operating from Patriot Hills, Antarctica, which has created and supported most of the record breaking expeditions in Antarctica in the last 40 years. He also founded Antarctic Airlines, the first
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Argentina, aged 83, and was buried in Molde, Norway. Jacobsen Valley in Vinson Massif, Antarctica is named after Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen. Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen was the first person born and raised south of the Antarctic Convergence, and South Georgia is usually classified as an Antarctic island and part of the Antarctic for that reason. The first human born south of the Convergence was the Australian James Kerguelen Robinson, born in Kerguelen Islands on 11 March 1859. However, the Antarctic Treaty defines Antarctica as any territory located South of the 60th parallel, which excludes both South Georgia and Kerguelen. The first
Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen
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in the base. The airlift was a part of the Argentine solutions to the sovereignty dispute over territory in Antarctica. Emilio was automatically granted Argentine citizenship by the government since his parents were both Argentine citizens, and he was born in the claimed Argentine Antarctica. This is a sector of Antarctica claimed by Argentina as part of its national territory, although this claim is not internationally recognised and overlaps with British and Chilean claims. He is featured in the "Guinness Book of Records" as the first person in history known to be born on the continent. His step brother, A
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the new millennium, bringing with them their many promises of action for a more sustainable future. Martyn S. Williams Martyn Stephen Williams was born in Liverpool England on May 2, 1947. As a mountain and wilderness guide he is the first person in the world to lead expeditions to the three extremes, South Pole (1989) North Pole (1992) and Everest (1991). He is the first person to cross the continent of Antarctica under human power (1990). He founded Adventure Network International , the Antarctic services company operating from Patriot Hills, Antarctica, which has created and supported most of the record
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Nicolai Hanson Nicolai Hanson (24 August 1870 – 14 October 1899) was a Norwegian zoologist and Antarctic explorer. Nicolai Hanson was a member of the Southern Cross Expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink to Antarctica and he became the first person to be buried in Antarctica. Nicolai Hanson was born in Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Nicolai Hanson was a graduate of the University of Christiana (now University of Oslo) where he studied zoology under Professor Robert Collett. Hanson was a member of the 1899 Southern Cross Expedition to Antarctica which was the first scientific foray to spend considerable
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in love on a climbing expedition to Venezuela. They climbed Mt. Vinson in Antarctica for their honeymoon. She was the leader of a six-member female team who parachuted into the New Guinean highlands and climbed back out, filmed by Hoover. Johnson participated in many adventurous activities, many of them firsts including being the first person to solo cross the Straits of Magellan in open kayak. She also skied across Greenland and windsurfed across Bering Straits. Johnson flew fixed-winged planes and helicopters and was the first person to pilot an autogyro in Antarctica. Both Johnson and her husband were makers of
Beverly Johnson (climber)
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Robert Swan Robert Charles Swan, OBE, FRGS (born 28 July 1956) is the first person to walk to both Poles. He was born on 28 July 1956 in Durham, England, and attended Aysgarth School and then Sedbergh School (1969–1974) before completing a BA degree in Ancient History (1976–1979) at St Chad's College, Durham University. He is currently an advocate for the protection of Antarctica and renewable energy. Swan is also the founder of 2041, a company which is dedicated to the preservation of the Antarctic and the author with Gil Reavill of "Antarctica 2041: My Quest to Save the Earth's
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than had ever been voluntarily entered before by any vessel. On 17 January 1773 the Antarctic Circle was crossed for the first time in history and the two ships reached by , where their course was stopped by ice. The first land south of the parallel 60° south latitude was discovered by the Englishman William Smith, who sighted Livingston Island on 19 February 1819. In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica. The first confirmed sighting of mainland Antarctica cannot be accurately attributed to one single person. It can, however, be narrowed down to
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Carl Anton Larsen Carl Anton Larsen (7 August 1860 – 8 December 1924) was a Norwegian Antarctic explorer, who made important contributions to the exploration of Antarctica, the most significant being the first discovery of fossils, for which he received the Back Grant from the Royal Geographical Society. In December 1893 he became the first person to ski in Antarctica on the Larsen Ice Shelf which was subsequently named after him. Larsen is considered the founder of the Antarctic whaling industry and the settlement at Grytviken on the British-administered island of South Georgia. In 1910, after some years' residence on
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After she retired Patterson would guide Antarctic tourists including a visit to Mawson Station. Twenty years after her leadership, Patterson took the hint of tourists who told her she should write a book. She shared a cabin on a trip with a person who ensured that she started, "The Ice Beneath My Feet: My Year In Antarctica". The book was published in 2012. Diana Patterson Diana Patterson (born c.1951) was the first woman to be in charge of an Australian Antarctic Station. Patterson originally trained as a physical education teacher. She had to persevere to join the Antarctic team. She
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Amyr Klink Amyr Klink (born September 25, 1955 in São Paulo, Brazil) is an explorer, sailor and writer. One of his projects, "Antarctica 360", was circumnavigating the Antarctic continent on his own, in 79 days in 1998. Klink has written seven books about his voyages, including "Between Two Poles" about his trip from Antarctica to the Arctic Pole, starting in 1989 and taking 642 days. Klink helped in the construction of the polar vessel used in this trip, named "Paratii" after the town of Paraty in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Amyr Klink was the first person to
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Sei-I-Kwai Koshujo (Sei-I-Kwai Medical Training School), now the Jikei University School of Medicine. Takaki's school was the first private medical college in Japan, and was the first in Japan to have students dissect human cadavers. Takaki was posthumously honored by having a peninsula in Antarctica at named "Takaki Promontory" in his honor. It is the only peninsula in Antarctica named after a Japanese person. Takaki Kanehiro Baron was a Japanese naval physician. Born in Hyūga Province (present-day Miyazaki Prefecture) as the son of a "samurai" retainer to the Satsuma domain, Takaki studied Chinese medicine as a youth and served as
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on 1 December 1959 and came into force on 23 June 1961. Among other provisions, this treaty limits military activity in the Antarctic to the support of scientific research. The first person to sail single-handed to Antarctica was the New Zealander David Henry Lewis, in 1972, in a 10-metre steel sloop "Ice Bird". A baby, named Emilio Marcos de Palma, was born near Hope Bay on 7 January 1978, becoming the first baby born on the continent. He also was born further south than anyone in history. The MS "Explorer" was a cruise ship operated by the Swedish explorer Lars-Eric
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of the Norwegian Carsten Borchgrevink, who was the first person on the new continent, the congress declared the exploration of the Antarctica the urgent task for the following years. While Borchgrevink, steering towards the Southern Cross, was on target for Antarctica, a German, Swedish and British expedition was prepared for the Southern Ocean. Germany built the expedition ship "Gauss" for 1.5 million marks at the Howaldtswerke in Kiel. On the model of the "Fram", the "Gauss", which weighed 1,442 tonnes (1,419 long tons) and was long, had a round hulk in order to withstand the ice pressure. The "Gauss" had
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Nicolai Hanson. Mount Hanson, a small peak south of Cape Adare, was also named in his honor. Nicolai Hanson Nicolai Hanson (24 August 1870 – 14 October 1899) was a Norwegian zoologist and Antarctic explorer. Nicolai Hanson was a member of the Southern Cross Expedition led by Carsten Borchgrevink to Antarctica and he became the first person to be buried in Antarctica. Nicolai Hanson was born in Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Nicolai Hanson was a graduate of the University of Christiana (now University of Oslo) where he studied zoology under Professor Robert Collett. Hanson was a member
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Winter Vinecki Winter Lee Vinecki (born December 18, 1998 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is an American marathon runner, triathlete, and aerial skier. Vinecki became the youngest person to complete a marathon in Antarctica on March 30, 2013 when she finished the Antarctica Marathon with a time of 4 hours, 49 minutes, 45 seconds, giving her third place in the women's race. In November 2013, she completed a marathon in Athens, Greece, which made her the youngest person to complete a marathon on seven continents, as she had done so on the other six continents previously. She ran these marathons with
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Mark Wood (explorer) Mark Wood (born 1966) is a British adventurer and explorer who, in 2011 / 2012, made an attempt to be the first person in history to ski solo to both the South and North Poles. He undertook the expedition to raise awareness of climate change, setting off on his trek in November 2011 from the West coast of Antarctica (Hercules Inlet). After reaching the South Pole in January 2012, he continued his journey across 2 degrees of the Arctic Ocean. Crossing the North pole and continuing to the Russian Ice Station. The expedition was unfortunately cut short
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the first person to ski the highest summits on all seven continents; with Rob providing video documentation of her feat. With Kit, DesLauriers has skied down Vinson Massif in Antarctica, and Mount Everest. The couple live in Jackson Hole, Wyoming with their children. Rob DesLauriers Rob DesLauriers (born January 25, 1965 in Vermont) is an American businessman and property developer who was one of the originators of extreme skiing. He has skied from the summit of Mt. Everest and developed two luxury condominium hotels at the base of Jackson Hole Mountain Resort. DesLauriers early start with skiing and resort management
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an aircraft there. The first women to step onto the South Pole were Pam Young, Jean Pearson, Lois Jones, Eileen McSaveney, Kay Lindsay and Terry Tickhill in 1969. The first person to sail single-handed to Antarctica was the New Zealander David Henry Lewis, in 1972, in the 10-metre steel sloop "Ice Bird". On 28 April 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30, crashed into Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board. Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean;
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and son team will ski on a 600-mile journey surviving solely on renewable energy, a first in polar-exploration. The mission is to use Antarctica as a platform to protect our world and create a more sustainable, clean energy future. Robert Swan Robert Charles Swan, OBE, FRGS (born 28 July 1956) is the first person to walk to both Poles. He was born on 28 July 1956 in Durham, England, and attended Aysgarth School and then Sedbergh School (1969–1974) before completing a BA degree in Ancient History (1976–1979) at St Chad's College, Durham University. He is currently an advocate for the
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and many women requested to go on early expeditions, but were turned away. Early pioneers such as Louise Séguin and Ingrid Christensen were some of the first women to see Antarctic waters. Christensen was the first woman to set foot on the mainland of Antarctica. The first women to have any fanfare about their Antarctic journeys were Caroline Mikkelsen who set foot on an island of Antarctica in 1935, and Jackie Ronne and Jennie Darlington who were the first women to over-winter in Antarctica in 1947. The first woman scientist to work in Antarctica was Maria Klenova in 1956. Silvia
History of Antarctica
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Sargento Cabral" when on 13 August 1954 he proposed the Argentine Government create a farmhouse out cape Spring to populate it with family groups. The idea had aimed strengthening the Argentine rights in that part of Antarctica. After finishing the construction of the houses, the "Fortín Sargento Cabral" was inaugurated on 17 February 1978. Having then 5 houses for families who wintered there that year. The first human born in Antarctica, the Argentine Emilio Palma did it in Esperanza Station in 1978, within the territory claimed by the Argentina. His baptism in the Catholic chapel on 7 January 1978 was
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visit Antarctica". In 1933, Christensen sailed with Lillemor (Ingebjørg) Rachlew, who kept a diary and took photographs, which appeared in Lars Christensen’s book even though no landing was possible. Christensen sailed south for the third time in 1933–34 with Ingebjørg Dedichen. They again did not manage a landing, though circumnavigated almost the entire continent. In 1934/35 Danish-born Caroline Mikkelsen, wife of Captain Klarius Mikkelsen, sailed to Antarctica and landed on the Tryne Islands on the 20 February 1935 and was, until recently, thought to be the first woman to land on Antarctica. However, since Mikkelsen landed on an Antarctic island,
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in Antarctica (January 1997) and Mount Kosciusko in Antarctica (February 1997). He was the first Irish man (and the 32nd person in the world) to complete the Seven Summits. Falvey was the expedition leader of the first Irish team to reach the summit of Cho Oyu in China and Nepal without oxygen, on 20 May 1998. He reached the summit of Ama Dablam in Nepal on 3 November 1999. In 2003, Falvey was the expedition leader of the first Irish team to reach the summit of Mount Everest via the South-Southeast Ridge, with team members Ger McDonnell and Mick Murphy
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vehicle. He received patent No. 351,749 on November 2, 1886. "Dinsmoor's vehicle" was first manufactured commercially by Holt Manufacturing Company of Stockton, California in 1906. Dinsmoor Glacier of Antarctica is named after the subject of this article. Charles Dinsmoor Charles Dinsmoor (September 19, 1834 – April 11, 1904) was an American inventor and lawyer. Dinsmoor's ancestors came from Ireland, however are from Scottish descent. Dinsmoor was born at Alabama Center in Alabama, New York on September 19, 1834. Dinsmoor's family genealogy can be traced back to the first person in his family history to arrive in America, John Dinsmoor. John
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the story, Dyer details a series of previously untold events in the hope of deterring another group of explorers who wish to return to the continent. The story is recalled in a first-person perspective by the geologist William Dyer, a professor at Arkham's Miskatonic University, in the hope to prevent an important and much publicized scientific expedition to Antarctica. Throughout the course of his explanation, Dyer relates how he led a group of scholars from Miskatonic University on a previous expedition to Antarctica, during which they discovered ancient ruins and a dangerous secret, beyond a range of mountains higher than
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in Antarctica for which she went back to Antarctica in March/April 2016. During that expedition, she was the deputy leader. She was also one of two women for the expedition and said that the two women scientists showed that Turkish women can accomplish anything. One of the projects she worked on during the expedition involved climate change. Also she was included Scientific Committee of International Circumpolar Observatory. Burcu Özsoy Burcu Özsoy (born in Gaziantep, Turkey, in 1976) is a Turkish scientist who works with sea ice remote sensing in Antarctica. Özsoy is head of the first Turkish polar research center,
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five summits. In 1970, the Japanese mountaineer and adventurer Naomi Uemura (1941-1984) was the first person to reach five of the Seven Summits including Mount Everest. He climbed Mont Blanc (1966), Kilimanjaro (1966), Aconcagua (1968), Mount Everest (1970 solo) and Denali (1970 solo). After the first solo trip to the North Pole (1978), he planned to go on his own to Antarctica to climb Mount Vinson. In preparation for the Antarctica expedition, he did a solo winter ascent of Denali (1984). On the descent he disappeared in a winter storm. In 1978, the Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner was the first
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Jennie's presence. Darlington was also the first person to become pregnant in Antarctica. She later wrote a book, "My Antarctic Honeymoon", in which she concluded that "women do not belong in Antarctica". The book was co-written with Jane McIlvaine and includes the line "Antarctica to me is female. Fickle, changeable, unpredictable, her baseness disguised by a white make-up of pristine purity. Suddenly she strips off her gloves, rolls up her sleeves and with the ferocity of a wolf, springs at your throat." She and Ronne did not get on, although this may have been due to issues between their spouses.
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the first woman to summit Mount Vinson in 1988. In 1993, American Ann Bancroft lead the first all woman expedition to the South Pole. Bancroft, and Norwegian, Liv Arnesen were the first women to ski across Antarctica in 2001. Lynne Cox swam a mile in Antarctic water in 2003. Maria Leijerstam became the first person to cycle to the South Pole Station in 2013 on a recumbent tricyle. In 1975, Eleanor Honnywill becomes the first woman to be awarded the Fuchs Medal from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). The first woman to receive a Polar Medal was Virginia Fiennes, in
Women in Antarctica
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Mount Nelson (Antarctica) Mount Nelson is a mountain tall, standing three miles northeast of Mount Pulitzer, near the west side of Scott Glacier in the Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica. It was first mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition (1933–35). The mountain was named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Randy L. Nelson, who made satellite geodesy studies at McMurdo Station, as part of the winter party of 1965. Mount Nelson is located at 85 degrees 47 S Latitude, 153 degrees 48 W Longitude. (Latitude 854700S Longitude 1534800W) Nelson, born April 11, 1937 in Cedarview, Utah, USA, was head
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wooden cross and plaque that is attached to a large stone. It is listed on the Antarctic Treaty's list of historic sites and monuments in Antarctica. More recent visitors to Antarctica have reconstructed the Norwegians' desolate and snow-damaged hut that represented the first permanent construction in the southern continent. This empty base camp also stands as a memorial to Nicolai Hanson. Hanson had married shortly before he traveled to Antarctica. He left a wife and a baby daughter, Johanne Hanson Vogt (1898–1999) who was born after he left on the expedition. The Antarctic Nototheniidae fish "Trematomus nicolai" is named after
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fight prostate cancer, which her father died from. As of November 2013, the organization has raised over $400,000. In 2011, Vinecki was the recipient of the ANNIKA Inspiration Award. In August 2017, Vinecki received the Athletes in Excellence Award from The Foundation for Global Sports Development in recognition of her community service efforts and work with youth. Winter Vinecki Winter Lee Vinecki (born December 18, 1998 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is an American marathon runner, triathlete, and aerial skier. Vinecki became the youngest person to complete a marathon in Antarctica on March 30, 2013 when she finished the Antarctica Marathon
Winter Vinecki
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Ranulph Fiennes Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet (born 7 March 1944), commonly known as Ranulph "Ran" Fiennes (), is a British explorer and holder of several endurance records. He is also a writer and poet. Fiennes served in the British Army for eight years including a period on counter-insurgency service while attached to the Army of the Sultanate of Oman. He later undertook numerous expeditions and was the first person to visit both the North and South Poles by surface means and the first to completely cross Antarctica on foot. In May 2009, at the age of 65, he climbed
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John Davis (sealer) Captain John Davis (born 1784 in Surrey, England) was a seal hunter from Connecticut, United States. It is thought that he may have been the first person to set foot on Antarctica, on 7 February 1821, shortly after the first sightings of the new continent, all in 1820, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev (28 January), Edward Bransfield (30 January) and Nathaniel Palmer (November). Some of Davis' crew from the American sealing ship, "Cecilia", may have landed at Hughes Bay (64°01'S) looking for seals for less than an hour. The ship's logbook entry reads: These
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Daniel Burton Daniel Paul Burton (born December 4, 1963) is an American bicycle enthusiast from Eagle Mountain, Utah, and the first person to complete an expedition from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole by bicycle. Burton began his expedition, "The South Pole Epic", on December 2, 2013 at Hercules Inlet and arrived at the South Pole on January 21, 2014. Burton was a computer programmer by trade.Twenty-three years into his career and out of shape in his 40s, Burton went to get his blood checked. His cholesterol levels were poor, his blood pressure was high and he was
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Reinhold Messner Reinhold Messner (; born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, adventurer, explorer, and author from the bilingual Italian province of South Tyrol. He made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest, the first ascent of Everest without supplemental oxygen, along with Peter Habeler, and was the first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks over above sea level. He was also the first person to cross Antarctica and Greenland with neither snowmobiles nor dog sleds. Furthermore, he crossed the Gobi Desert alone. Messner also published more than 80 books about his experiences as a climber and explorer. In
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to Antarctica. The documentary was first broadcast on the second channel of Televisión Española on Friday 30 May 2014. The August Pi i Sunyer Medal was instituted by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Barcelona in March 1983, in memory of one of its most outstanding professors and researchers. The award honors a local-level scientific personality who has recently achieved something of great merit and is delivered in the course of the August Pi i Sunyer Lesson, the moment when the award is given. The first person to receive the medal was the ecologist Ramon Margalef, followed by
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Luke Robertson Luke John Gilbert Robertson (born 16 March 1985) is a record-breaking British explorer, adventurer and endurance athlete. In January 2016, aged 30, he became the youngest Brit and the first Scot to ski solo, unsupported and unassisted to the South Pole in Antarctica. The trip began at Hercules Inlet (78.5°S) on the Ronne Ice Shelf and ended at the Geographic South Pole (90°S). The trip covered a distance of 730 miles (1175 km). He also became the first person in history to ski to the South Pole with an artificial pacemaker which was implanted in 2008 and also
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Hösel and Shelagh Robinson, a welfare officer. She was the first woman member of the ANARE Club. Chipman chronicled all of the women to travel to Antarctica up to 1984. She took pains to find the names of all the women who had ever been to or even near Antarctica and eventually donated 19 folio boxes of her research to the National Library of Australia. Elizabeth Chipman Elizabeth Chipman (born 1934) is an Australian writer, administrator and Antarctic pioneer. In 1975–76, she was one of the first Australian women to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. From 1954 to 1977,
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1986, who was honored for her work in the Transglobe Expedition. She was also the first woman to "winter in both polar regions." Denise Allen is the first woman awarded the Australian Antarctic Medal in 1989. Women in Antarctica There have been women in Antarctica and exploring the regions around Antarctica for many centuries. Oral tradition of Māori explorers reaching Antarctic waters as early as 650 CE, put women on the Antarctic map. The most celebrated "first" for women was in 1935 when Caroline Mikkelsen became the first woman to set foot on one of Antarctica's islands. Early male explorers,
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in 1971 and Law in 1975. McGonigal has led Antarctica courses at the University of Sydney with guest lecturers Sir Edmund Hillary, Andrew Denton, Lincoln Hall and Phillip Law and has taken tours of Antarctica for the university. McGonigal has twice travelled around the world on a motorcycle and, in 1998, was the first person ever to motorcycle on all seven continents. McGonigal is a diamond-badged sailplane pilot and was part of the team that set the current Australian height record. McGonigal's photographs have been used by Qantas and the Australian Tourist Commission and have appeared in all major Australian
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Russian bath in Antarctica The Russian bath (banya) of Novolazarevskaya Station, Schirmacher Oasis, Queen Maud Land (), is the only glued timber building in Antarctica. The idea for the bath was born in 2006 and it became the first building of its kind in Antarctica. Glued timber was chosen as the material because of its thermal stability and energy efficiency. The project was developed in the summer of 2006; it was produced and test-built at Greenside's factory in Saint Petersburg, Russia. All engineering systems were first made on a special test model between December 2006 and March 2007 in Greenside's
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and the first to fly to Antarctica were Pat Hepinstall and Ruth Kelley, Pan Am flight attendants, who spent four hours on the ground at the McMurdo Station on October 15, 1957. Often women going to Antarctica had to be approved in both official and unofficial ways. An early candidate for becoming one of the first women scientists to go to Antarctica was geologist Dawn Rodley, who had been approved of not only by the expedition sponsor, Colin Bull, but also by the wives of the male team-members. Rodley was set to go in 1958, but the United States Navy,
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continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station. Few terrestrial vertebrates live in Antarctica, and those that do are limited to the sub-Antarctic islands. Invertebrate life includes microscopic mites like the "Alaskozetes antarcticus", lice, nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers, krill and springtails.
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William R. Hammer William Roy Hammer is an American paleontologist who is credited with the discovery of the first carnivorous dinosaur unearthed in Antarctica, "Cryolophosaurus," in 1991. He was professor of geology and curator of the Frxyell Geology Museum at Augustana College in Rock Island, IL from 1981-2017. Hammer was born in Detroit, Michigan and attended Wayne State University where he earned a bachelors and masters in Zoology and completed a doctorate in Paleontology. As a student researcher, he was introduced to the study of fossil vertebrates in Antarctica by his advisor, Dr. John Cosgriff, and led expeditions to Antarctica
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Association of Hong Kong Programme Committee. Rebecca Lee (explorer) Rebecca Lee Lok Sze, MH (Traditional Chinese: 李樂詩, born 1944 in Canton) is an explorer from Hong Kong. She is the first Hong Kong person and the first woman to have visited the North Pole, the South Pole, and Mount Everest. She has visited the Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon (the deepest canyon in China) and the Taklamakan (the hottest desert in China). Dr Lee has worked as a professional graphic designer, painter, photographer, and writer. In 1985 she joined the Chinese National Antarctic Expedition and first set foot on Antarctica. Over the
Rebecca Lee (explorer)
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Rebecca Lee (explorer) Rebecca Lee Lok Sze, MH (Traditional Chinese: 李樂詩, born 1944 in Canton) is an explorer from Hong Kong. She is the first Hong Kong person and the first woman to have visited the North Pole, the South Pole, and Mount Everest. She has visited the Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon (the deepest canyon in China) and the Taklamakan (the hottest desert in China). Dr Lee has worked as a professional graphic designer, painter, photographer, and writer. In 1985 she joined the Chinese National Antarctic Expedition and first set foot on Antarctica. Over the following 30 years Dr Lee has
Rebecca Lee (explorer)
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US-ACAN. Maria Chiara Ramorino Maria Chiara Ramorino (born 13 April 1931) is an Italian orienteer and a former tennis player. She won two medals at the Summer Universiade. After her tennis career she became a proponent of the sport of Orienteering, and in 2008 wrote also a book of this theme. She was also a scientist, among the researchers who participated to the first italian missions to Antarctica in the early 1990s, and manager of the Italian team that compiled and promulgated the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica, 1998-2006. The Ramorino Glacier in Antarctica was named after her in 2006
Maria Chiara Ramorino
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Maria Chiara Ramorino Maria Chiara Ramorino (born 13 April 1931) is an Italian orienteer and a former tennis player. She won two medals at the Summer Universiade. After her tennis career she became a proponent of the sport of Orienteering, and in 2008 wrote also a book of this theme. She was also a scientist, among the researchers who participated to the first italian missions to Antarctica in the early 1990s, and manager of the Italian team that compiled and promulgated the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica, 1998-2006. The Ramorino Glacier in Antarctica was named after her in 2006 by
Maria Chiara Ramorino
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the station, and materials and equipment used for research. Two people were killed and another injured. On October 5th, 2008, a building at the Russian Progress Station burned down, with one person being killed and two seriously injured, and radio contact with the outside world being lost for a few days. Firefighting in Antarctica Firefighting in Antarctica encompasses various organizations and procedures designed to fight fires on the continent of Antarctica. Firefighting in Antarctica is complicated by the harsh conditions of the continent, the remoteness of the locations to be serviced, and the importance of protecting life-supporting shelter from immolation.
Firefighting in Antarctica
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Lillemor Rachlew Lillemor Rachlew "née" Enger (1902-1983) was one of four Norwegians who were the first women to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. After their landing in 1937 the Four Ladies Bank in Prydz Bay was named after them. On an earlier voyage to Antarctica Rachlew took photographs which were published in 1934. Some sections from her diary were preserved and these are the earliest examples of a woman's writing about her travels in Antarctica. Ingebjørg Lillemor Enger was born on 7 January 1902 to Eugenie Marie Mejdell and Ivar Enger, owner-director of an Oslo ammunition factory and brother
Lillemor Rachlew
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permanent base in Antarctica. From 1965 to 1988 the person responsible for much of Scott Base development as head of the Antarctic Division of the DSIR was Bob Thornton. A 1994 review recognised Antarctica as strategically important to New Zealand as a Southern Hemisphere nation. This resulted in the establishment of the New Zealand Antarctic Institute, known as Antarctica New Zealand, on 1 July 1996. The Institute reports to the Ministry Of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) Antarctic Policy Unit. It is a Crown entity, and has a CEO and a Board. Members of the Board are appointed for three
Antarctica New Zealand
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Bike" was published in June 2007. Mount Everest summits of Khoo Swee Chiow (Swee-Chiow Khoo) Khoo Swee Chiow Khoo Swee Chiow (; born November 16, 1964 in Port Dickson, Malaysia) is a Singaporean adventurer, author and motivational speaker. Khoo is the 1st South East Asian and the 4th person in the world to complete The Explorers Grand Slam, that is, the South Pole, the North Pole and the Seven Summits. Khoo climbed Mount Everest in 1998 as a member of Singapore's first Mount Everest expedition. In 1999, he skied to the South Pole as the leader of Singapore first Antarctica
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ambassador for the Polar Academy and for Marie Curie. Luke Robertson Luke John Gilbert Robertson (born 16 March 1985) is a record-breaking British explorer, adventurer and endurance athlete. In January 2016, aged 30, he became the youngest Brit and the first Scot to ski solo, unsupported and unassisted to the South Pole in Antarctica. The trip began at Hercules Inlet (78.5°S) on the Ronne Ice Shelf and ended at the Geographic South Pole (90°S). The trip covered a distance of 730 miles (1175 km). He also became the first person in history to ski to the South Pole with an
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Dilma Rousseff, who won election as Brazil's first female President on 31 October 2010. Bagryana Point in Antarctica is named after Elisaveta Bagryana. Elisaveta Bagriana Elisaveta Bagryana () (16 April, 1893 – 23 March, 1991), born Elisaveta Lyubomirova Belcheva (), was a Bulgarian poet who wrote her first verses while living with her family in Veliko Tarnovo in 1907–08. She, along with Dora Gabe (1886–1983), is considered one of the "first ladies of Bulgarian women's literature". She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times. Elisaveta Lyubomirova Belcheva was born on April 16, 1893 in Sofia, Bulgaria in
Elisaveta Bagriana
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collecting specimens in Nieu Bethesda for Robert Broom, the keeper of vertebrate palaeontology at the South African Museum. Kitching was the first member of staff to be appointed to the Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, set up at the University of Witwatersrand in 1945. In 1970,he was the first person to collect and identify a specimen of a Karoo therapsid in Antarctica and so demonstrate that Antarctica and southern Africa were once connected. Today, Kitching's work is stored at the Kitching Fossil Exploration Centre which depicts the setting in the area around Nieu Bethesda 253 million years ago during
Nieu-Bethesda
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Antarctic stations." British women scientists started working on curating collections as part of the BAS prior to being allowed to visit Antarctica. Women who applied to the BAS were discouraged. A letter from BAS personnel sent to a woman who applied in the 1960s read, "Women wouldn't like it in Antarctica as there are no shops and no hairdresser." The first BAS woman to go to Antarctica was Janet Thomson in 1983 who described the ban on women as a "rather improper segregation." Women were still effectively barred from using UK bases and logistics in 1987. Women didn't winter-over at
Women in Antarctica
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Larsen's attempt to travel to the bottom of the world in 2012. Larsen made it a quarter of the way before turning around. Training for a year, Burton set off on his expedition December 2, 2013. He started at Hercules Inlet and rode 775 miles on a Borealis Yampa fatbike until he reached the Geographic South Pole. Daniel Burton Daniel Paul Burton (born December 4, 1963) is an American bicycle enthusiast from Eagle Mountain, Utah, and the first person to complete an expedition from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole by bicycle. Burton began his expedition, "The South
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Agnieszka Fryckowska Agnieszka Fryckowska is a New Zealand meteorologist and Antarctic base manager who has worked with the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). Fryckowska has spent five winters in Antarctica. She is currently training to be a pilot in Northumberland. She is a recipient of the Polar Medal. Frycowkoska's parents are Polish and she was born in Auckland. Fryckowska first became interested in working in Antarctica when she had a lecturer who at her school, Otago University, who visited the Antarctic yearly. At Otago, she earned a bachelor of science in 1995 and then a diploma in science in 1996. She
Agnieszka Fryckowska
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only person to have done the Northwest Passage three times. He is also the only person to have done it solo in a single season (in 2009). In 1979–82, Kenichi Horie in "Mermaid", was the first person to do it solo, but took two over-wintering stops. Two other individuals, Arved Fuchs and Oliver Pitras, have done it twice as part of a crew. Cowper left Dutch Harbor on 29 September 2009 and sailed into the St. Francis Yacht Club in San Francisco on 14 October. He left the Sausalito Yacht Club on 28 October, heading south for Chile and Antarctica.
David Scott Cowper
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First women to fly to Antarctica The first women to fly to Antarctica were the American flight attendants Patricia (Pat) Hepinstall of Holyoke, Colorado and Ruth Kelley of Houston, Texas who were members of the crew on the Pan American flight which landed at the US McMurdo Station on October 15, 1957. The two women joined the flight in Christchurch, New Zealand, on the last leg of the flight from San Francisco. They received a warm welcome at the base despite misgivings by Rear-Adminal Dufek who had called for an all-male crew. The matter was however outside his jurisdiction. Although
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Rosemary Askin Rosemary Anne Askin (born in 1949; also known as Rosemary Askin Cully) is a New Zealand geologist specialising in Antarctic palynology. She was a trailblazer for women in Antarctic science, becoming the first New Zealand woman to undertake her own research programme in Antarctica in 1970. Born in 1949, Askin earned both her BSc honours degree in geology and zoology and her PhD in geology from Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. Askin was a trailblazer for women in Antarctica. She was the first New Zealand woman to undertake her own scientific programme in Antarctica, as well as the
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are to the north of Scotland. At the beginning of the following year, 1820, the "Williams" was chartered by the Royal Navy, and dispatched with Smith and Lieutenant Edward Bransfield on board to survey the newly discovered islands, discovering also the Antarctic Peninsula in the process. Smith Island and Cape Smith in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica are named after William Smith. William Smith (mariner) William Smith (c. 1790–1847) was the English captain born in Blyth, Northumberland, who discovered the South Shetland Islands, an archipelago off the Graham Land in Antarctica. His discovery was the first ever made south of
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to Jeremiah or whether they are the same person. The statement that Jeremiah was "a son (disciple) of Bogomil" may be an interpolation. His name is mentioned in the Book of Boril. Bogomil Cove on Rugged Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Bogomil. Bogomil (priest) Bogomil (Богомил) was a 10th-century Bulgarian priest and heresiarch, who was connected with the origins of Bogomilism. "Bogomil" is a Theophoric name consisting of "Bog" (God) and "mil" (dear). According to Cosmas the Priest, Bogomil first began to preach his beliefs in Bulgaria during the reign of the Peter I of
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and New Zealand's Kermadec Islands and Chatham Islands are all west of the IDL and have the same date. American Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue, and French Polynesia are east of the IDL and one day behind. The IDL then bends southwest to return to 180°. It follows that meridian until reaching Antarctica, which has multiple time zones. Conventionally, the IDL is not drawn into Antarctica on most maps. (See below.) A person who goes around the world from east to west (the same direction as Magellan's voyage) would gain or set their clock back one hour for every 15°
International Date Line
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Devil was still taking place, more fiercely than ever. The conflict culminated in a final battle in Antarctica, on the surface world. However, neither of the two forces were victorious. The continents of the surface world submerged into the sea and the under world was sealed away. The first chapter of the game, "The Outset," introduces Ark, a mischievous boy who lives in Crysta, the only village in the under world. After opening a forbidden door and touching a mysterious box containing a friendly demon named Yomi, every citizen in the village is frozen. The only person not affected by
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part of several Antarctic milestones, including the first religious marriage, the baptism of Emilio Palma, who was the first recorded birth in Antarctica, and first communion ceremony. Chapel of St. Francis of Assisi (Esperanza Base) The Chapel of St. Francis of Assisi () is a chapel of the Roman Catholic Church located on the Esperanza Base administered by Argentina, on the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula in Antarctica. It is one of eight churches on Antarctica. Founded on February 18, 1976, and installed by the Argentine Army, it was the first Catholic chapel of the Antarctic continent. The chapel
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Antarctic regions. The greatest achievement of my career was when I took from the base from the Australians. I got so emotional, that I couldn’t even sign. Planning to reopen the station in Antarctica, Negoiţă made his 13th polar expedition, spending 2-1/2 months in Antarctica. His exploration team included two women, a biologist and a biochemist, who were the first Romanian women to visit Antarctica. In addition to reopening the station, the expedition's purpose was to obtain ground samples, sediments and micro-organisms. On January 13, 2006, the Law-Racovita Station was re-opened, becoming Romania's first research and exploration station in Antarctica.
Teodor Negoiță
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Khoo Swee Chiow Khoo Swee Chiow (; born November 16, 1964 in Port Dickson, Malaysia) is a Singaporean adventurer, author and motivational speaker. Khoo is the 1st South East Asian and the 4th person in the world to complete The Explorers Grand Slam, that is, the South Pole, the North Pole and the Seven Summits. Khoo climbed Mount Everest in 1998 as a member of Singapore's first Mount Everest expedition. In 1999, he skied to the South Pole as the leader of Singapore first Antarctica expedition, covering a distance of 1,125 km in 57 days. In 2001, he climbed Mount
Khoo Swee Chiow
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A VX-6 Otter airplane made Antarctica’s first wheels-on-dirt landing at Marble Point in 1957. Aboard were U.S. Navy Admiral Dufeck and New Zealand explorer Sir Edmund Hillary. A de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter aircraft crashed on take off at Marble Point January, 04, 1959, taking the lives of two men. The plane was part of Operation Deep Freeze IV. Contemporary Marble Point is staffed during the austral summer by a station manager, cook, and a "fuelie," a person who fuels helicopters (typically AStar and Bell 212's contracted by the United States Antarctic Program and Antarctica New Zealand, owned and operated
Marble Point
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Morella de Palma was the first woman to give birth in Antarctica, delivering 3.4 kg (7 lb 8 oz) Emilio Palma at the Argentine Esperanza base 7 January 1978. Women faced legal barriers and sexism that prevented most from visiting Antarctica and doing research until the late 1960s. The United States Congress banned American women from traveling to Antarctica until 1969. Women were often excluded because it was thought that they could not handle the extreme temperatures or crisis situations. The first woman from the British Antarctic Survey to go to Antarctica was Janet Thomson in 1983 who described the
History of Antarctica
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Deepak Haldankar Deepak Haldankar (born 17 December 1947) is an Indian film director and cinematographer. He was the first Indian Director Cinematographer to shoot 35mm Eastmancolor films in Antarctica. The film "Exploration Antarctica" won an award at the Toulon Maritime film festival, France, in 1987. He covered two mount Everest expeditions1984&1985 and won national awards for Indian Mount Everest Expeditions in 1984 first Indian woman Bachendri Pal climbed Mount Everest&Pope Meets India (News Magazine N0 70.1987) Haldankar was born on 17 December 1947 at Dharwad, Karnatak State and brought up in Mumbai, India. He photographed his first films in 1970"The
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flight from Cape Town, South Africa to McMurdo Station, the first flight of a U.S. aircraft to the Soviet Vostok Station, and the first successful demonstration of trimetrogon aerial photography, used extensively to map Antarctica. On 7 June 1966, a C-130 Hercules, piloted by CDR Marion Morris of VX-6, returned to Christchurch after a flight to McMurdo Station to evacuate UT-2 Robert L. Mayfield, who had been critically injured in a fall. It was the third emergency air evacuation from Antarctica during the winter night. On 18 June 1967, The first scheduled winter flight to Antarctica was successfully completed when
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E.S.Lawrence. In 1969/70, he spent 13 months in Antarctica as a member of New Zealand's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Antarctic Expedition where he was in charge of seismology, geomagnetics and earth currents. He went first to Scott Base in early October 1969, and in January 1970 moved to Vanda Station in the Wright Valley, and was part of a four-man team that wintered over in Antarctica. At that time, the four-person party was the smallest ever expedition to winter over in. In an era of self-regulation, the team did many winter trips with temperatures frequently between , including
Bob McKerrow
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Hampton. The most famous voyages out of Sag Harbor were those by Mercator Cooper, who in 1845 picked up shipwrecked Japanese sailors in the Bonin Islands and returned them to Tokyo. In 1853 Cooper broke through the ice shelf to become the first person to land on East Antarctica. East Hampton continues to have a large maritime presence, as Montauk is New York state's largest fishing port. The Town is famed for its commercial sports fishing, made particularly famous by Frank Mundus. One of the largest buildings in the town is Promised Land fish meal factory at Napeague. First Ladies
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L. Mayfield, who had been critically injured in a fall. It was the third emergency air evacuation from Antarctica during the winter night. On 18 June 1967, The first scheduled winter flight to Antarctica was successfully completed when a United States Navy LC-130F of VX-6 flying from Christchurch landed at Williams Field. Although earlier winter flights had been made to Antarctica as a result of medical emergencies, this was the first planned flight. On 2 December 1967, an LC-117D Skytrooper landed at McMurdo Station from Hallett Station. This was the last C-117 flight on the Antarctic continent, marking the end
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people to die in Antarctica, as parts of her wreckage were found months later by the early sealers visiting Livingston Island. Indeed, if somebody of the "San Telmo" survived to set foot there they would have been the first known person in history to reach Antarctica. San Telmo Island off the north coast of Livingston Island is named after the ship. San Telmo (ship) San Telmo ("Saint Peter Gonzalez" or "Saint Erasmus of Formiae") was a Spanish 74-gun ship of the line, launched in 1788. In 1819 the "San Telmo" commanded by Captain Joaquín de Toledo y Parra was the
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in the Navy in charge of approving her trip to Antarctica were "dragging their feet", citing that there were not women's bathrooms available and that without another female companion, she would not be allowed to go. The admiral in charge of transportation to Antarctica suggested that Peden was trying to go there for adventure, or to find a husband, rather than for her research. Despite her setbacks, including not receiving critical equipment in Antarctica, Peden's research on the continent was successful. The first U.S. woman to run an Antarctic research station was Mary Alice McWhinnie, who led the McMurdo Station
Women in Antarctica
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the Shackleton Coast and the Amundsen Coast. O'Leary Peak (Antarctica) O'Leary Peak () is a partly snow-covered peak (1,040 m), the northernmost summit along the east wall of Erickson Glacier, where the latter enters the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The topographical feature was first discovered and photographed by the United States Antarctic Service (USAS), 1939-41. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Paul V. O'Leary, builder, U.S. Navy Reserve, a member of the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, who lost his life by accidental poisoning on November 28, 1959. The peak lies situated on the Dufek Coast, a
O'Leary Peak (Antarctica)
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O'Leary Peak (Antarctica) O'Leary Peak () is a partly snow-covered peak (1,040 m), the northernmost summit along the east wall of Erickson Glacier, where the latter enters the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The topographical feature was first discovered and photographed by the United States Antarctic Service (USAS), 1939-41. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Paul V. O'Leary, builder, U.S. Navy Reserve, a member of the U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, who lost his life by accidental poisoning on November 28, 1959. The peak lies situated on the Dufek Coast, a portion of the Ross Dependency lying between
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from 1977 until his retirement in 2017. Hammer also collected the partial remains of a sauropodmoropha dinosaur in Antarctica. When the specimen was later described and the species named, Glacialisaurus hammeri, it was to honor Dr. Hammer for his contributions to vertebrate paleontology and Antarctic research. William R. Hammer William Roy Hammer is an American paleontologist who is credited with the discovery of the first carnivorous dinosaur unearthed in Antarctica, "Cryolophosaurus," in 1991. He was professor of geology and curator of the Frxyell Geology Museum at Augustana College in Rock Island, IL from 1981-2017. Hammer was born in Detroit, Michigan
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national des Astronomes. In 2005 Chadid lead her first expedition to install telescopes for a new astronomical observatory in the heart of Antarctica. She was the first woman astronomer to set foot in Antarctica and the first to place the Moroccan flag at the South pole. Merieme Chadid Merieme Chadid (born October 11, 1969 in Casablanca) is a Moroccan-French astronomer, explorer and researcher at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis. In 2005, she led an international scientific program to install a major astronomical observatory at Dome Charlie in the heart of Antarctica. Chadid received her Ph.D from the Paul Sabatier
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sciences. The first countries to have female scientists working in Antarctica were the Soviet Union, South Africa and Argentina. Besides exploring and working as scientists, women have also played supportive roles as wives, fund-raisers, publicists, historians, curators and administrators of organizations and services that support Antarctic operations. Many early women on Antarctica were the wives of explorers. Some women worked with Antarctica from afar, crafting policies for a place they had never seen. Women who wished to have larger roles in Antarctica and on the continent itself had to "overcome gendered assumptions about the ice and surmount bureaucratic inertia. As
Women in Antarctica
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Lars-Eric Lindblad Lars-Eric Lindblad (January 23, 1927 – July 8, 1994) was a Swedish-American entrepreneur and explorer, who pioneered tourism to many remote and exotic parts of the world. He led the first tourist expedition to Antarctica in 1966 in a chartered Argentine navy ship, and for many years operated his own vessel, the MS "Lindblad Explorer", in the region. Observers point to the "Lindblad Explorer’s" 1969 expeditionary cruise to Antarctica as the frontrunner to today’s sea-based tourism there. Lars-Eric Lindblad was born in 1927 in Solna north of Stockholm, Sweden. He immigrated to the United States in 1951 and
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Station workers. Consequently, Mikkelsen is regarded as the first woman to set foot on an Antarctic island, and Ingrid Christensen as the first to stand on the Antarctic mainland. Caroline Mikkelsen Caroline Mikkelsen (20 November 1906 – 15 September 1998, later married Mandel) was a Danish-Norwegian explorer who on 20 February 1935 was the first woman to set foot on Antarctica, although whether this was on the mainland or an island is a matter of dispute. Caroline Mikkelsen was born 1906 in Denmark, later she married her first husband Norwegian Captain Klarius Mikkelsen and moved to Norway. In the winter
Caroline Mikkelsen
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Women's Day in 2012 saw more than fifty women celebrating in Antarctica and who made up 70% of the International Antarctic Expedition. In 2013, when the Netherlands opened their first Antarctic Lab, Corina Brussaard was there to help set it up. Homeward Bound, is a 10 year program designed to encourage women's participation in science that planned to send the first large (78 member) all-women expedition to Antarctica in 2016. The first group consisted of 76 women and arrived in Antarctica for three weeks in December of 2016. Fabian Dattner and Jess Melbourne-Thomas founded the project and the Dattner Grant
Women in Antarctica
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Hernán Pujato General Hernán Pujato (1904–2003) was an Argentinian military general, diplomat, and explorer. He founded the first Antarctica bases for his country, and founded the Instituto Antártico Argentino. Through this institute, Pujato attempted to colonize Argentina, with the assistance of President Juan Perón. Pujato was the son of José Diego Pujato and Martina García. He was born in Diamante, Entre Ríos on the same year that Argentina opened the first permanent base on Antarctica, Orcadas Base on Laurie Island. After his early education in Diamante, Entre Ríos, he went to secondary school in Buenos Aires. He then studied at
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expeditions to Mount Vinson, at a typical cost of around $30,000 per person, including transportation to Antarctica from Chile. While the vast majority of prior climbs to the summit have used the western side of the massif from the Branscomb Glacier, the first ascent from the east side was successfully completed by an eight-person team sponsored by "NOVA" in January 2001. The team consisted of: The team not only made the first ascent from the east side but also performed scientific research into snow accumulation at different elevations as well as taking the first ground-based GPS reading from the summit.
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On November 8, 1956, the Soya, carrying her team of fifty-three Japanese crew members and 22 sled dogs disembarked from the docks of Japan and headed south for the continent of Antarctica. 2. Arrival! Antarctica The Soya sailed south from Japan for the frozen continent of Antarctica, only to run into difficult obstacles along the way. Though Kuramochi, Inuzuka, and nine other members of the crew who were desperate to prove themselves desired to winter in Antarctica as the First Cross-Winter Antarctic Expedition team, the leader of the crew Shirosaki Suguru disapproved of the suggestions, stating that the first expedition
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and returned safely from the summit despite the arrest of his guides and ultimately his own arrest. Peak four was Aconcagua in South America. At age 16 Atkinson climbed Mount Denali in North America, reaching the summit on 12 July 2010, followed by Mount Vinson the highest mountain in Antarctica. The final peak was the world's highest mountain Mount Everest in Asia. Atkinson completed the record attempt when he reached the summit on 26 May 2011, becoming both the youngest person to complete the Seven Summits. Atkinson has held world records for: George Atkinson (climber) George Atkinson (born 29 May
George Atkinson (climber)
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Ann Chapman Margaret Ann Chapman (14 January 1937 – 23 May 2009) was a limnologist, one of the first New Zealand women scientists to visit Antarctica, and the first woman to lead a scientific expedition to Antarctica. Lake Chapman, in Antarctica's Ross Dependency, was named for Chapman. Chapman spent most of her teaching career at the University of Waikato. Chapman was born in Dunedin on 14 January 1937 and studied at Southland Girls' High School and Otago Girls' High School. She graduated with a Masters of Science at the University of Otago in 1960; her thesis was on the taxonomy
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May 2009. Ann Chapman Margaret Ann Chapman (14 January 1937 – 23 May 2009) was a limnologist, one of the first New Zealand women scientists to visit Antarctica, and the first woman to lead a scientific expedition to Antarctica. Lake Chapman, in Antarctica's Ross Dependency, was named for Chapman. Chapman spent most of her teaching career at the University of Waikato. Chapman was born in Dunedin on 14 January 1937 and studied at Southland Girls' High School and Otago Girls' High School. She graduated with a Masters of Science at the University of Otago in 1960; her thesis was on
Ann Chapman