what ocean zone does the frilled shark live in
upper continental slope outer continental shelf
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Frilled shark The frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus anguineus") is one of two extant species of shark in the family Chlamydoselachidae, with a wide but patchy distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This species is found over the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope, generally near the bottom, though there is evidence of substantial upward movements. It has been caught as deep as , although it is uncommon below . In Suruga Bay, Japan, it is most common at depths of . Exhibiting several primitive features, the frilled shark has often been termed a living fossil. It reaches a length
Frilled shark
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program in Tokyo Bay, a live specimen of the creature was captured. In August 2017 a group of scientists caught a frilled shark in the waters off of Portimão, Portugal. The male shark was pulled from a depth of roughly . On November 14, 2017, researchers reported that another frilled shark was caught near the coast of Portugal. Frilled shark The frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus anguineus") is one of two extant species of shark in the family Chlamydoselachidae, with a wide but patchy distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This species is found over the outer continental shelf and upper
Frilled shark
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the US, and northern Chile. The frilled sharks off southern Africa were described as a different species, "C. africana", in 2009. The frilled shark inhabits the outer continental shelf and upper to middle continental slope, seeming to favor upwellings and other biologically productive areas. Though it has been caught from a depth of , it usually does not occur deeper than . In Suruga Bay, it is most common at a depth of , except from August to November when the temperature at the water layer exceeds and the sharks shift into deeper water. On rare occasions, this species has
Frilled shark
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Frilled shark The frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus anguineus") is one of two extant species of shark in the family Chlamydoselachidae, with a wide but patchy distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. This species is found over the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope, generally near the bottom, though there is evidence of substantial upward movements. It has been caught as deep as , although it is uncommon below . In Suruga Bay, Japan, it is most common at depths of . Exhibiting several primitive features, the frilled shark has often been termed a living fossil. It reaches a length
Frilled shark
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caught down in a zone of low dissolved oxygen and high nutrients, over a soft substrate. The southern African frilled shark looks very similar to the frilled shark, with a long snake-like body and a broad, flattened head. The eyes are large and rounded. The sizable mouth is placed terminally on the blunt snout, containing around 30 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 27 tooth rows in the lower jaw. Each tooth has three slender, smooth, recurved cusps, with tiny cusplets between them, and a base that interlocks with the tooth behind it. There are six pairs of long
Southern African frilled shark
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been seen at the surface. The frilled shark is usually found close to the bottom, with one individual observed swimming over an area of small sand dunes. However, its diet suggests that it does make substantial forays upward into open water. This species may make vertical migrations, approaching the surface at night to feed. There is spatial segregation by size and reproductive condition. With its elongated, eel-like body and strange appearance, the frilled shark has long been likened to the mythical sea serpent. The head is broad and flattened with a short, rounded snout. The nostrils are vertical slits, separated
Frilled shark
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escape. One long specimen was found to have swallowed a ghost catshark ("Apristurus" sp.) that measured 40% of its body length. Although adult females are unknown, the southern African frilled shark is presumed to be aplacental viviparous like the frilled shark. Males mature sexually at a length of . The conservation status of the southern African frilled shark has not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Southern African frilled shark The southern African frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus africana") is a species of shark in the family Chlamydoselachidae, described in 2009. It is found in the deep
Southern African frilled shark
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was found to have swallowed a Japanese catshark ("Apristurus japonicus"). Squid comprise some 60% of the diet of sharks in Suruga Bay; this includes not only slow-moving, deep-dwelling types, such as "Chiroteuthis" and "Histioteuthis", but also relatively large, powerful swimmers of the open ocean, such as "Onychoteuthis", "Sthenoteuthis", and "Todarodes". How the ostensibly weak-swimming frilled shark captures active, fast-moving squid is a matter of speculation. One possibility is that it takes advantage of injured squid, or those that are exhausted and dying after spawning. Alternatively, it may surprise its prey by curving its body and, bracing itself with its posteriorly
Frilled shark
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Southern African frilled shark The southern African frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus africana") is a species of shark in the family Chlamydoselachidae, described in 2009. It is found in the deep waters off southern Angola to southern Namibia. This species is difficult to distinguish from the better-known frilled shark ("C. anguineus"), but is smaller at maturity and differs in several proportional measurements including head length and mouth width. It seems to be a specialized predator of smaller sharks, using its flexible jaws and numerous needle-like, recurved teeth to capture and swallow them whole. Reproduction is presumably aplacental viviparous, as with the other
Southern African frilled shark
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lost, so the first description of the frilled shark was authored by American zoologist Samuel Garman, working from a -long female caught from Sagami Bay in Japan. His account, "An Extraordinary Shark", was published in an 1884 volume of "Proceedings of the Essex Institute". Garman placed the new species in its own genus and family, and gave it the name "Chlamydoselachus anguineus" from the Greek "chlamy" (frill) and "selachus" (shark), and the Latin "anguineus" for "eel-like". Other common names for this species include frill shark, lizard shark, scaffold shark, and silk shark. Several early authors believed the frilled shark to
Frilled shark
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Cretaceous (about 95 Mya) and possibly to the Late Jurassic (150 Mya). Because of their ancient ancestry and primitive characteristics, the frilled shark and other members of this lineage have been described as a living fossil. However, the frilled shark itself is a relatively recent species, with the earliest known fossil teeth belonging to this species dating to the early Pleistocene epoch. Rather uncommon, the frilled shark has been recorded from a number of widely scattered locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In the eastern Atlantic, it occurs off northern Norway, northern Scotland, and western Ireland, from France to
Frilled shark
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as far as to assign this species to the fossil genus "Didymodus". More recent investigations have found the similarities between the frilled shark and extinct groups may have been overstated or misinterpreted, and this shark exhibits a number of skeletal and muscular traits that firmly place it with the neoselachians (modern sharks and rays), and more specifically with the cow sharks in the order Hexanchiformes (though systematist Shigeru Shirai has proposed that it be placed in its own order, Chlamydoselachiformes). Nevertheless, the frilled shark belongs to one of the oldest still-extant shark lineages, dating back to at least the Late
Frilled shark
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This configuration is thought to be basal in sharks and may enhance its sensitivity to the minute movements of its prey. Many frilled sharks are found with the tips of their tails missing, probably from predatory attacks by other shark species. Parasites identified from this shark include a tapeworm in the genus "Monorygma", the fluke "Otodistomum veliporum", and the nematode "Mooleptus rabuka". Fossils of frilled sharks from the Takatika Grit of the Chatham Islands in New Zealand, dated to the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, were found together with those of birds and conifer cones, which suggests that the sharks lived in shallow
Frilled shark
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gill slits, with the first pair meeting over the throat. The pectoral fins are broad and rounded, originating just behind the sixth gill slit. The pelvic and anal fins are large with long bases and curved margins. The single dorsal fin is set far back on the body over the anal fin, and has a short base. The caudal fin is low and somewhat triangular, without a lower lobe. Compared to the frilled shark, the southern African frilled shark has several proportional differences, including a longer head and gill slits, more widely spaced eyes and nares, broader mouth, and a
Southern African frilled shark
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positioned fins, launching a quick strike forward in the manner of a snake. It may also be able to close its gill slits and create negative pressure to suck prey into its mouth. The many small, sharp, recurved teeth of the frilled shark are functionally similar to squid jigs and could easily snag the body or tentacles of a squid, particularly as they are rotated outwards when the jaws are protruded. Observations of captive frilled sharks swimming with their mouths open suggest that the small teeth, light against the dark mouth, may even fool squid into attacking and entangling themselves.
Frilled shark
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sharks. This species is aplacental viviparous: the embryos emerge from their egg capsules inside the mother's uterus, where they survive primarily on yolk. The gestation period may be as long as three and a half years, the longest of any vertebrate. Litter sizes vary from two to fifteen, and there is no distinct breeding season. Frilled sharks are occasional bycatch in commercial fisheries, but have little economic value. The frilled shark was first scientifically recognized by German ichthyologist Ludwig Döderlein, who visited Japan between 1879 and 1881 and brought two specimens to Vienna. However, his manuscript describing the species was
Frilled shark
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greater distance between the head and the pectoral fins. The largest known female is the immature long holotype, and the largest known males measure long. In life the shark is dark gray, but covered with a thin membrane that gives it a uniform dark brown color. From stomach contents, the southern African frilled shark seems to feed mainly on smaller sharks such as the African sawtail catshark ("Galeus polli"). Its jaws, buccal cavity, and abdomen are all highly distensible, suggesting that this shark is specialized for capturing and swallowing whole large prey, with its rows of needle-like, recurved teeth preventing
Southern African frilled shark
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member of its family. The frilled shark ("C. anguineus") was long thought to be the only extant member of its genus and family. The existence of a second "Chlamydoselachus" species off southern Africa was first suspected from a specimen caught off Lüderitz, Namibia in February 1988, by the South African research ship FRS "Africana" (after which this species would eventually be named). The specimen was an adult male smaller than other known mature "C. anguineus", and subsequent investigations revealed other consistent differences between frilled sharks in this region and "C. anguineus". The new species was termed "Chlamydoselachus" "sp. A", before
Southern African frilled shark
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being formally described in 2009 by David Ebert and Leonard Compagno, in a paper for the scientific journal "Zootaxa". The holotype was a long immature female caught at a depth of off the Cunene River, Namibia, by the research vessel "Benguela". The southern African frilled shark has only been confirmed to occur from off southern Angola to southern Namibia. Frilled sharks have also been captured off South Africa, at deep off Eastern Cape Province, and at deep off KwaZulu-Natal Province; it is uncertain whether these specimens are "C. africana". Little is known of its habitat preferences; one known specimen was
Southern African frilled shark
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present, frilled sharks may have been out-competed, restricting them to their current habitats and distribution. The long jaws of the frilled shark are highly distensible with an extremely wide gape, allowing it to swallow whole prey over one-half its size. However, the length and articulation of its jaws means that it cannot deliver as strong a bite as more conventionally built sharks. Most captured individuals are found with no or barely identifiable stomach contents, suggesting a fast digestion rate and/or long intervals between feedings. This species preys on cephalopods, bony fishes, and smaller sharks. One long individual, caught off Chōshi,
Frilled shark
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on the origin and development of the human extrinsic eye muscles. As a professor, Gilbert oversaw the dissections of many animal specimens but took special interest in the biology of dogfish sharks. Here his interest in shark biology appears to have begun. Gilbert's first published paper on sharks was focused specifically on the male urogenital system of the frilled shark, published in Copeia in 1941. He supplemented this first article two years later with an additional paper on the male frilled shark anatomy, published in the Journal of Morphology in 1943. Gilbert's interest and expertise in sharks grew over the
Perry Webster Gilbert
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but is not economically significant. Because of its very low reproductive rate and the continuing expansion of commercial fisheries into its habitat, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has previously listed it as Near Threatened, although the species was downlisted to Least Concern in 2016. In December 2014, trawler skipper David Guillot caught a frilled shark while "fishing in water more than deep near Lakes Entrance", in Victoria, Australia. The shark was taken to the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, where its identification was confirmed. Early in April 2017, during the filming of a Japanese television variety
Frilled shark
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Chlamydoselachus Chlamydoselachus is a genus of sharks and the sole extant member of the family Chlamydoselachidae, in the order Hexanchiformes. It contains two extant and several extinct species. The most widely known species still surviving is the frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus anguineus"). It is known as a living fossil, along with "Chlamydoselachus africana", also known as the Southern African frilled shark, which is only found along coastal areas of South Africa. The only two extant species of this genus are deep-sea creatures which are typically weakened in areas closer to the surface. It is a prehistoric shark with red frills around
Chlamydoselachus
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The frilled shark is aplacental viviparous; the developing embryos are mainly nourished by yolk, though the difference in weight between the egg and the newborn indicates that the mother also provides additional nutrition via unknown means. Adult females have two functional ovaries and one functional uterus, on the right. Unsurprisingly, there is no defined breeding season for either sex, as this shark inhabits depths at which there is little to no seasonal influence. A possible mating aggregation of 15 male and 19 female sharks has been recorded over a seamount on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The litter size ranges from two
Frilled shark
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fin. The sand shark can grow up to long, and most adults can weigh around . The average lifespan of both sexes is only about 7 years, though they may live longer in captivity. The name sand shark comes from their tendency toward shoreline habitats, and they are often seen swimming around the ocean floor in the surf zone; at times, they come very close to shore. They are often found in warm or temperate waters throughout the world's oceans, except the eastern Pacific. They also frequent the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas at depths from and sometimes more. The sand
Sand shark
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1,000 meters. This mandate however, does not support the main population of gulper sharks, which generally live 300–800 meters below the surface. This decision also does not stop any current deepwater fishing; it simply stops any further expansion. This is an insufficient conservation attempt, as it does not help gulper populations under stress, it simply stops more stress from accumulating. The current level of fishing may already be enough to render that population critically endangered in that region, especially considering the low reproductive rate of gulpers. Other areas of gulper shark populations have no current regulations. The Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Gulper shark
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on the upper lobe. There are a pair of thick skin folds of unknown function running along the belly, separated by a groove. The midsection is relatively longer in females than in males, with the pelvic fins pushed closer to the anal fin. The dermal denticles are small and shaped like the tip of a chisel, becoming enlarged and sharp on the dorsal margin of the caudal fin. This species is a uniform dark brown or gray. The frilled shark differs from its southern African relative, "C. africana", in having more vertebrae (160–171 vs 147) and more turns in the
Frilled shark
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sightings. Because of the shark's modest size, some zoologists have posited the existence of a giant relative, particularly as larger "Chlamydoselachus" species are known from the fossil record. Small numbers of frilled sharks are caught incidentally by various deepwater commercial fisheries around the world, using trawls, gillnets, and longlines. In particular, it is regularly taken in Suruga Bay in bottom gillnets meant for sea bream and gnomefish, and in midwater trawls meant for the shrimp "Sergia lucens". Japanese fishermen regard it as a nuisance, as it damages the nets. This shark is sometimes sold for meat or processed into fishmeal,
Frilled shark
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its gills(where it gets its name). Chlamydoselachus Chlamydoselachus is a genus of sharks and the sole extant member of the family Chlamydoselachidae, in the order Hexanchiformes. It contains two extant and several extinct species. The most widely known species still surviving is the frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus anguineus"). It is known as a living fossil, along with "Chlamydoselachus africana", also known as the Southern African frilled shark, which is only found along coastal areas of South Africa. The only two extant species of this genus are deep-sea creatures which are typically weakened in areas closer to the surface. It is a
Chlamydoselachus
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humans (though scientists have accidentally cut themselves examining its teeth). On August 27, 2004, the first observation of this species in its natural habitat was made by the ROV "Johnson Sea Link II", on the Blake Plateau off the southeastern United States. On January 21, 2007, a Japanese fisherman discovered a long female alive at the surface, perhaps there because of illness or weakness from the warm water. It was brought to Awashima Marine Park in Shizuoka, where it died after a few hours. Garman, and numerous authors since, have advanced the frilled shark as an explanation for sea serpent
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expelled from the female's body; at this time the embryo's external gills are fully developed. The size of the yolk sac remains mostly constant until around an embryonic length of , whereupon it begins to shrink, mostly or completely disappearing by an embryonic length of . The embryonic growth rate averages per month, and therefore the entire gestation period may last three and a half years, far longer than any other vertebrate. Newborn sharks measure long; males attain sexual maturity at long, and females at long. The frilled shark has seldom been encountered alive, and thus poses no danger to
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spiral valve intestine (35–49 versus 26–28), as well as in various proportional measurements such as a longer head and shorter gill slits. The maximum known length is for males and for females. Highly specialized for life in the deep sea, the frilled shark has a reduced, poorly calcified skeleton and an enormous liver filled with low-density lipids, allowing it to maintain its position in the water column with little effort. It is one of the few sharks with an "open" lateral line, in which the mechanoreceptive hair cells are positioned in grooves that are directly exposed to the surrounding seawater.
Frilled shark
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its nostrils, which are located further front than its month and are large. The whitespot ghost shark lives in the southeast Pacific Ocean, in the waters of the Galapagos Islands, and has only been observed or caught in four different areas of the islands. Although unconfirmed, it is probable that the species only occurs around the islands. It occurs close to the sea floor, no further than from it, and lives at depths of – . Its habitat is on steep slopes and boulders, on the continental slope and the bathyal zone. The species does not have any major threats,
Whitespot ghost shark
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of and has a dark brown, eel-like body with the dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins placed far back. Its common name comes from the frilly or fringed appearance of its six pairs of gill slits, with the first pair meeting across the throat. Seldom observed, the frilled shark may capture prey by bending its body and lunging forward like a snake. The long, extremely flexible jaws enable it to swallow prey whole, while its many rows of small, needle-like teeth make it difficult for the prey to escape. It feeds mainly on cephalopods, as well as bony fishes and other
Frilled shark
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They include Ocean Motion, Fish Pipe, and Burt the Bull Shark. Ocean Motion is an 18’ tall bungee ride that allows people to jump and flip through the air in complete safety. In the diameter Fish Pipe, riders get wet while sliding inside a giant transparent plastic sphere rotating at 45 rpm. Fresh water serves as a lubricant creating a waterslide. Burt the Bull Shark is 12’ long, weighs and tries to buck the rider off his back. The Balboa Fun Zone also features a raised patio open to the public offering views of Newport Harbor. The patio is handicap
Balboa Fun Zone
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the lemon shark. Many organisms adapted to deep-water pressure cannot survive in the upper parts of the water column. The pressure difference can be very significant (approximately one atmosphere for each 10 meters of water depth). Because light does not penetrate very deep into ocean-water, the energy source for the benthic ecosystem is often organic matter from higher up in the water column that drifts down to the depths. This dead and decaying matter sustains the benthic food chain; most organisms in the benthic zone are scavengers or detritivores. Some microorganisms use chemosynthesis to produce biomass. Benthic organisms can be
Benthic zone
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species is found in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean at depths down to 1600 metres. Spawning takes place on the bottom and the paralarvae live at even greater depths, down to 3000 metres. Adults often live in groups at depths of 200 to 300 metres, often in areas where shrimps are found. Predators that feed on this squid include dolphins ("Grampus griseus"), the velvet belly lantern shark ("Etmopterus spinax"), the blackmouth catshark ("Galeus melastomus"), the small-spotted catshark, ("Scyliorhinus canicula"), the swordfish ("Xiphias gladius") and tuna ("Thunnus alalunga"). "Heteroteuthis dispar" can be bioluminescent, emitting light from photophores containing bacterial symbionts.
Heteroteuthis dispar
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the bull shark, it does not ascend rivers and avoids brackish water. The movements and habitat usage of juvenile pigeye sharks have been extensively studied in Cleveland Bay in northeastern Queensland. Young sharks live in the bay year-round, staying mostly in the eastern side where the input from three rivers produces strong currents and high turbidity. Individual home ranges are relatively small, averaging , and increase in size with age. The juveniles generally stay in water less than deep, with the youngest sharks spending the most time in the shallowest parts of the bay. They swim into the intertidal zone
Pigeye shark
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due to poor living conditions, lack of rain, or nuclear contamination. The uninhabited atolls are: The average altitude above sea level for the entire country is . In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary. This is the world's largest shark sanctuary, extending the worldwide ocean area in which sharks are protected from . In protected waters, all shark fishing is banned and all by-catch must be released. However, some have questioned the ability of the Marshall Islands to enforce this zone. The Marshall Islands also lays claim
Marshall Islands
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tiger shark pups cannibalistically consume neighboring embryos. The survival strategy for ovoviviparous species is to brood the young to a comparatively large size before birth. The whale shark is now classified as ovoviviparous rather than oviparous, because extrauterine eggs are now thought to have been aborted. Most ovoviviparous sharks give birth in sheltered areas, including bays, river mouths and shallow reefs. They choose such areas for protection from predators (mainly other sharks) and the abundance of food. Dogfish have the longest known gestation period of any shark, at 18 to 24 months. Basking sharks and frilled sharks appear to have
Shark
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moving the lens closer to or further from the retina. The gills, located under the operculum, are a respiratory organ for the extraction of oxygen from water and for the excretion of carbon dioxide. They are not usually visible, but can be seen in some species, such as the frilled shark. The labyrinth organ of Anabantoidei and Clariidae is used to allow the fish to extract oxygen from the air. Gill rakers are bony or cartilaginous, finger-like projections off the gill arch which function in filter-feeders to retain filtered prey. The epidermis of fish consists entirely of live cells, with
Fish anatomy
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all commercial shark fishing within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) waters. The sanctuary protects about of ocean, an area similar to the country of France. President Johnson Toribiong made the announcement at a meeting of the United Nations. President Toribiong also requested a worldwide ban on shark fishing. Palau is home to 135 endangered or vulnerable shark and ray species. The Maldives created a sanctuary in March, 2010. Tokelau declared its entire EEZ a shark sanctuary in 2011. On February 25, 2011, Guam, a US island territory, voted to ban commerce in fins. Guam's Senate passed a bill banning the
Shark sanctuary
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waters at that time. Previous research on other "Chlamydoselachus" species has shown that individuals living in shallower water had larger and stronger teeth for eating hard-shelled invertebrates. It has been hypothesized that frilled sharks, surviving the mass extinction of the K-T boundary event, were able to make use of vacated niches in shallow water and on continental shelves, the latter opening up a move to the deep-water habitats they now inhabit. Changing food availability may be reflected in how tooth morphology has shifted to become sharper and inward-pointing to prey on soft-bodied deep-sea animals. From the Late Paleocene to the
Frilled shark
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the Iberian Peninsula to Ghana in the east, possibly including the Mediterranean Sea and Cape Verde. In the Indian Ocean, it has been reported from the Mozambique Channel. In the Pacific Ocean, it occurs off Japan and Taiwan, northeastern Australia, a number of islands in the Central Pacific northeast of Micronesia, and southern California. An inhabitant of the open ocean, the longfin mako generally remains in the upper mesopelagic zone during the day and ascends into the epipelagic zone at night. Off Cuba, it is most frequently caught at a depth of and is rare at depths above . Off
Longfin mako shark
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White Shark Café The White Shark Café is a remote mid-Pacific Ocean area noted as a winter and spring habitat of otherwise coastal great white sharks. The area, halfway between Baja California and Hawaii, received its unofficial name in 2002 from researchers at Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station who were studying the great white shark species using satellite tracking tags. They identified a zone with a radius of approximately centered at approximately . The findings, which were initially published in the January 3, 2002 issue of the journal "Nature", showed three of four tagged sharks traveled to the Café during
White Shark Café
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even summer near Hawaii. But many linger in the Café, often for months, before returning to the coast in the fall, coinciding with the elephant seal breeding season (a favored prey). White Shark Café The White Shark Café is a remote mid-Pacific Ocean area noted as a winter and spring habitat of otherwise coastal great white sharks. The area, halfway between Baja California and Hawaii, received its unofficial name in 2002 from researchers at Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station who were studying the great white shark species using satellite tracking tags. They identified a zone with a radius of approximately
White Shark Café
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are best suited for these sharks. They have been reported to live at least 4 years in captivity. Atlantic sharpnose shark The Atlantic sharpnose shark ("Rhizoprionodon terraenovae") is a requiem shark in the family Carcharhinidae, found in the subtropical waters of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, between latitudes 43°N and 18°N. The Atlantic sharpnose shark is a small shark in comparison to others. The Atlantic sharpnose shark's maximum species length is known to be about . Although its average adult size tends to be about . Reports exist of these sharks living up to 12 years in the wild. A distinctive
Atlantic sharpnose shark
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of Dauphin Island, Alabama. The specific epithet "plutodus" is derived from the Greek "ploutos" ("wealth" or "abundance") and "odous" ("tooth"). This species may also be referred to as the bigtooth or longtooth cookiecutter shark, or the Gulf dogfish. Much rarer than "I. brasiliensis", only ten specimens of largetooth cookiecutter shark are known, caught from a handful of widely scattered localities: off Alabama in the United States, Bahia in Brazil, the Azores, and Western Sahara in the Atlantic Ocean, and off Okinawa and New South Wales in the Pacific. Those captures were made in the epipelagic zone down, close to land
Largetooth cookiecutter shark
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once extended to the tropical Atlantic Ocean, prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. An inshore species, the tawny nurse shark inhabits continental and insular shelves over sandy flats or beds of seagrass, as well as along the outer edges of coral or rocky reefs. This shark may be found from the surf zone, often in water barely deep enough to cover its body, to a maximum depth of on coral reefs; it is most common at a depth of . Young sharks are generally found in the shallow areas of lagoons, while adults may be encountered across
Tawny nurse shark
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Ministry, Azmi Khalid, banned shark's fin soup from official functions committing to the Malaysian Nature Society (for conservation of shark species). In 2012, the Sabah Tourism, Culture and Environment Minister proposed an amendment to the Fisheries Act that would give force to setting up a shark sanctuary zone in Semporna and other shark populated areas in Sabah. This ban was put on hold pending the Federal Government's decision on the issue. In 2015, Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Minister, Ahmad Shabery Cheek, said that the ban of shark finning is "unnecessary" as the finning industry does not exist in Malaysia He
Shark finning
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mature at approximately long. The balloon shark has almost no economic value, though the skin may be utilized. It is regularly caught incidentally and discarded by commercial bottom trawlers operating in parts of its range, though its population does not yet appear to have been negatively impacted. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed this shark under Least Concern, while recommending that relevant fisheries be carefully monitored. Balloon shark The balloon shark ("Cephaloscyllium sufflans") is a species of catshark, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae, endemic to the southwestern Indian Ocean off South Africa
Balloon shark
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the sharks form a polyphyletic group: some sharks are more closely related to rays than they are to some other sharks, but current molecular studies support monophyly of both groups of sharks and batoids. The superorder Selachimorpha is divided into Galea (or Galeomorphii), and Squalea (or Squalomorphii). The Galeans are the Heterodontiformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, and Carcharhiniformes. Lamnoids and Carcharhinoids are usually placed in one clade, but recent studies show the Lamnoids and Orectoloboids are a clade. Some scientists now think that Heterodontoids may be Squalean. The Squaleans are divided into Hexanchiformes and Squalomorpha. The former includes cow shark and frilled
Shark
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Whitecheek shark The whitecheek shark or widemouth blackspot shark ("Carcharhinus dussumieri"), is a requiem shark of the family Carcharhinidae, found in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean between latitudes 34°N and 25°S. It can reach a length of 1 m. It feeds mainly on fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. It is a viviparous species, with the female giving birth to up to four live young. The whitecheek shark grows to a length of about . It has a slender body and long head with a rounded snout. The eyes are oval and both jaws have multiple rows of backward-pointing, serrated teeth. The pectoral
Whitecheek shark
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pairs of long gill slits with a frilly appearance created by the extended tips of the gill filaments, giving this shark its name. The first pair of gill slits meet across the throat, forming a collar. The pectoral fins are short and rounded. The single, small dorsal fin is positioned far back on the body, about opposite the anal fin, and has a rounded margin. The pelvic and anal fins are large, broad, and rounded, and also positioned well back on the body. The caudal fin is very long and roughly triangular, without a lower lobe or a ventral notch
Frilled shark
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electromagnetic fields that all living things produce. This helps sharks (particularly the hammerhead shark) find prey. The shark has the greatest electrical sensitivity of any animal. Sharks find prey hidden in sand by detecting the electric fields they produce. Ocean currents moving in the magnetic field of the Earth also generate electric fields that sharks can use for orientation and possibly navigation. This system is found in most fish, including sharks. It detects motion or vibrations in water. The shark can sense frequencies in the range of 25 to 50 Hz. Shark lifespans vary by species. Most live 20 to
Shark
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Lowfin gulper shark The lowfin gulper shark ("Centrophorus lusitanicus") is a large deepwater dogfish in the Centrophoridae family. The lowfin gulper shark has no anal fin, two dorsal fins (with spines with the first dorsal fin being much longer than the rear), a long, broad snout, and angular pectoral fins. Its maximum length is 1.6 m. The lowfin gulper shark is found in the Eastern Atlantic off Portugal and West Africa, the Indian Ocean around Mozambique and Madagascar, and the West Pacific by Taiwan. Lowfin gulper sharks live at depths between 300 and 1,400 m. They are ovoviviparous and give
Lowfin gulper shark
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reefs in the Ryukyu Islands have many fish typical of tropical waters such as parrotfish and anemonefish. The little-known goblin shark ("Mitsukurina owstoni") and frilled shark ("Chlamydoselachus anguineus") have been recorded from deep waters off Japan. The winter spawning Japanese Flying Squid are associated with the Kuroshio Current. The eggs and larvae develop during winter in the East China Sea and the adults travel with minimum energy via the Kuroshio Current to the rich northern feeding grounds near northwestern Honshu and Hokkaido. Japan has around 300 kinds of butterfly including several of the mainly tropical milkweed butterflies in the Ryukyus.
Wildlife of Japan
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the population is believed to be in decline. The shallow waters in which the fish live are intensively fished with longlines and gillnets, and the blackspot shark may be overexploited through overfishing. It is sold in local markets and its flesh is used for human consumption. Blackspot shark The blackspot shark ("Carcharhinus sealei") is a small species of requiem shark in the family Carcharhinidae found in the tropical Indo-West Pacific Ocean between latitudes 24°N and 30°S, from the surface to a depth around . Its length is a little under one meter (yard) and it is not considered to be
Blackspot shark
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hard-edged sound while being melodic and having memorable and catchy songs as well. Much like Van Halen's first album, it was believed that Shark Island's first album would be like experiencing them live to what they would be like seeing them in concert. Randy Nicklaus was the producer for Shark Island on that album on Epic Records. It's generally speculated that Randy was not familiar enough with Sharks/Shark Island's high-energy and bombastic live performances and therefore not being able to fully capture Shark Island as they truly performed live. With the disappointing CD sales of the album and no promotion
Shark Island (band)
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to the practice of cutting the fins from live sharks while at sea, and then discarding rest of the fish back into the ocean. If they are still alive, the sharks either die from suffocation or are eaten because they are unable to move normally. Shark finning is widespread, and largely unregulated and unmonitored. The practice has been on the rise largely due to the increasing demand for shark fins for shark fin soup and traditional cures, particularly in China and its territories. According to WildAid in 2007, "the rapidly expanding and largely unregulated shark fin trade represents one of
Shark Finning Prohibition Act
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shark does not appear substantially threatened by fisheries, and has been assessed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The longnose pygmy shark was described by American zoologist Henry Weed Fowler in a 1934 volume of "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia", based on a long female collected off Point Ocean Beach in Durban, South Africa. Fowler had originally thought the shark to belong to the genus "Heteroscymnus" (a junior synonym of "Somniosus"), and thus he created for it the new genus "Heteroscymnoides" from the Greek "oidos" ("resemblance"). He gave it the
Longnose pygmy shark
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in order to escape from a predator. This is a distraction tactic; if the predator moves to eat the regurgitated food the bull shark can use the opportunity to escape. Bull sharks mate during late summer and early autumn, often in freshwater or in the brackish water of river mouths. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young. They are viviparous, born live and free-swimming. The young are about at birth. The bull shark does not rear its young; the young bull sharks are born into flat, protected areas. Coastal lagoons,
Bull shark
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the release of an endangered Whale shark that had been caught accidentally by a Chinese fishing boat as bycatch, as well as two Green sea turtles. At this event, he proclaimed, "Sea turtle conservation does not only involve sea turtles. When we protect charismatic species such as whale sharks, those efforts spill over and protect sea turtles as well. These two animals share the ocean, and we must learn to share the ocean with them.” Holding humans accountable for sea turtle and Whale shark endangerment, he added that, "protecting them is humankind's responsibility." On March 23, 2013, Yeh spoke out
Frederick Yeh
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that a shark pulled down the rig. Meanwhile, Carmichael tells the CEO what she thinks happened: a "hydrolizing agent" caused the oil rig to crumble. Soon, a US Navy submarine disappears, and a search plane spots the super shark. At the bar, the two female lifeguards are joined by the male lifeguard, awaiting the bikini contest. Back out on the ocean, Carmichael and skipper Chuck are circled by the super shark until Carmichael, acting on a hunch, tells Chuck to turn off the radio, after which the super shark leaves. She speculates that the fish was attracted to radio waves
Super Shark
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and insular slopes. It may also be found over outer shelves, but avoids central ocean basins. The range of this species does not overlap that of the pygmy shark, which has a similar ecology, and is also largely separate from that of the cookiecutter shark. One of the world's smallest sharks, the spined pygmy shark attains a maximum recorded length of for males and for females. This species has an elongated, spindle-shaped body with a long, bulbous, moderately pointed snout. The eyes are large, with the upper rim of the orbit almost straight. Each nostril is preceded by a short
Spined pygmy shark
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the term "shark finning" can refer specifically to this practice of removing the fins from live sharks and discarding the carcass while still at sea. For these legal purposes the removal of fins on land during catch processing is not necessarily considered to be shark finning. Shark species that are commonly finned are: When sharks have been finned, they are likely to die from lack of oxygen because they are not able to move to filter the water through their gills, or are eaten by other fish that have found them defenseless at the bottom of the ocean. Though studies
Shark finning
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attacks humans and if it does it is only in defence; or if it is baited. Sharks are the top predators in our oceans, and as such they are important for the marine ecosystems as important regulators of other species. They eat the weak, the old and the dead animals. The Grey Nurse sharks eat mainly lobsters, crabs, smaller sharks, fish, rays and squid. The Grey Nurse sharks live near the coast in sub-tropical to cool-temperate waters near most continental land masses (not found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off North and South America). They have a preference for some
Grey nurse shark conservation
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Son of the Shark Son of the Shark (French: "Le Fils du Requin") is a 1993 French film directed by Agnes Merlet, about two brothers, Martin (Ludovic Vandendaele) and Simon (Eric Da Silva), and their adventures as juvenile delinquents in the north of France. Inspired by a well-known passage of Lautréamont's "Les Chants de Maldoror", Martin holds a belief, in which he claims to be "the son of a female shark". He hopes that someday he and his brother, Simon will disappear to the bottom of the ocean, where they will live happily ever after surrounded by dancing fish. The
Son of the Shark
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lowers. The dumb gulper shark is very similar in appearance to the closely related little gulper shark. This shark is found off the east coast of Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania, and off New Zealand. Its habitat is in the demersal zone on the upper to middle continental slope. These sharks eat mostly teleost fishes (particularly myctophids), cephalopods and crustaceans. Females produce a maximum of one to two pups every one to two years. Evidence suggests that the left-side uterus is less functional than the right-side. They can live up to 46 years on average. The population
Dumb gulper shark
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shark and other fish return to the ocean, and the mermaid falls onto a tree branch. Nobita notices a fish tail beneath the leaves, and Doraemon finds a girl. In Nobita's room, she drinks juice and begins speaking in an unknown language; Doraemon serves his translation jelly. After thinking Doraemon is a puffer fish, she introduces herself as Sophia. Suneo says he saw a shark, and Gian explains that sharks live in the ocean. Nobita arrives with Doraemon and Sophia, and Gian and Suneo find her attractive. A car nearly hits Sophia, but Doraemon grabs her. She starts to fly
Doraemon: Nobita's Great Battle of the Mermaid King
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far as the Kermadec Islands; there are also unconfirmed reports from the Seychelles and the Gulf of Thailand. In the eastern Pacific, it occurs from northern Chile to Peru, and from Mexico to Point Conception, California, including the Gulf of California. The copper shark is common off parts of Argentina, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, and rare elsewhere; in many areas its range is ill-defined because of confusion with other species. Copper sharks can be found from the surf zone to slightly beyond the continental shelf in the open ocean, diving to depths of or more. This species commonly
Copper shark
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been found in the western Pacific Ocean off China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Pacific Ocean off Canada, United States and Chile, and the southern Atlantic Ocean off Argentina and South Africa. In San Francisco, California, it is significantly found in the San Francisco Bay particularly near the Golden Gate Bridge and Alcatraz Island. Large, old individuals tend to live in deep offshore environments as far down as . However, most individuals live in either the deep channels of bays, or in the shallower waters of continental shelves and estuaries. These sharks are mainly benthic in nature, cruising along
Broadnose sevengill shark
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Annual catch of kapenta in the Cahora Bassa dam in 2003 exceeded 10,000 tonnes. It is widely believed that there is a breeding colony of Zambezi Shark "trapped" inside the dam. As the Bull Shark is known to travel more than 100 km upstream, this phenomenon does not conflict with existing scientific and biological fact. In particular an ocean-dwelling species, bull sharks are perfectly capable of living in fresh water for their entire lifespan. Local tribes have indeed reported sightings (and attacks) by this isolated community of shark, although these have yet to be substantiated with hard evidence. Cahora Bassa
Cahora Bassa
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Shark River Inlet The Shark River Inlet is an inlet that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Shark River, located entirely in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The Shark River Inlet acts as a border between the towns of Belmar and Avon-by-the-Sea at the Atlantic Ocean. The Shark River Inlet is the only river inlet exclusively in Monmouth County that drains directly into the Atlantic Ocean; the Shrewsbury and Navesink rivers drain into Sandy Hook Bay (part of the much larger Lower New York Bay), and the Manasquan River is shared with Ocean County. The inlet provides access to
Shark River Inlet
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a regional environmental initiative called the Micronesia challenge, which would conserve 30% of near-shore coastal waters and 20% of forest land by 2020. Following Palau, the initiative was joined by the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the U.S. territories of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands. Together, this combined region represents nearly 5% of the marine area of the Pacific Ocean and 7% of its coastline. On 25 September 2009, Palau announced that it would create the world's first shark sanctuary. Palau banned all commercial shark fishing within the waters of its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The sanctuary
Palau
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the midnight (also twilight or dark) zone because of this feature. Because of lack of light some species do not have eyes. Those possessing eyes in this zone include the viperfish and the frill shark. Many forms of nekton live in the bathyal zone, such as squid, large whales, and octopuses. In the bathyal, some of the world's largest whales feed. Sponges, brachiopods, sea stars, and echinoids are also common in the bathyal zone. Animals in the bathyal zone are not threatened by predators that can see them, so they do not have powerful muscles. This zone is difficult for
Bathyal zone
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It is very infrequently caught in commercial purse seines and bottom trawls targeting other species, though what effect, if any, fishing has on its population is unknown. As a result, the IUCN has listed it under Data Deficient. Viper dogfish The viper dogfish or viper shark ("Trigonognathus kabeyai") is a rare species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae, and the only extant member of its genus. It has been found in the Pacific Ocean off southern Japan, the Bonin Islands,Pacific Ocean off northern Taitung County and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This species inhabits upper continental slopes and seamounts. It
Viper dogfish
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the dorsal fin on the body–nearer the middle in the dwarf sperm whale and nearer the back in the other. The dwarf sperm whale is a suction feeder that mainly eats squid, and does this in small pods of typically 1 to 4 members. It is preyed upon by the killer whale ("Orcinus orca") and large sharks such as the great white shark ("Carcharodon carcharius"). When startled, the whale can eject a cloud of red-brown fluid, similar to a squid. Most of what is known of the whale comes from beached individuals, as sightings in the ocean are rare. Many
Dwarf sperm whale
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fish to live in since it is especially hard to find nutrients. They have become very energy efficient, and many have slow metabolic rates to conserve energy. The fish are characterised by weak muscles, soft skin and slimy bodies. The adaptations of some of the fish that live there include small eyes and transparent skin. Except where the ocean is exceptionally deep, the bathyal zone extends to the benthic zone on the ocean bed of that part of the continental slope that lies between 1000 and 4000 meters deep. The bathyal zone contains sharks, squid, octopuses, and many different species
Bathyal zone
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ocean ecosystems, this could have serious adverse environmental consequences for marine fisheries. Campaigns began in many nations to prohibit or greatly curtail finning in both territorial and international waters and work toward international agreements on the practice. In the U.S., President Bill Clinton signed the Shark Finning Prohibition Act (SFPA) into law in 2000 shortly before leaving office. It amended the Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the primary statute regulating fisheries in the U.S.'s Exclusive Economic Zone up to 200 nautical miles offshore, to prohibit finning in U.S. territorial waters by any vessels, and the possession of fins by
United States v. Approximately 64,695 Pounds of Shark Fins
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has fewer tooth rows in the lower jaw (10–12 on each side versus 12–13 in "C. leucas"). Though widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical marine waters of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania, the pigeye shark does not appear to be common anywhere. Existing records are patchy, and the full extent of its range may be obscured by confusion with the bull shark. In the eastern Atlantic, it is found off Cape Verde and Senegal, and from Nigeria to Namibia; there is a single Mediterranean record from off Crotone, Italy. It occurs all along the continental periphery of the Indian Ocean,
Pigeye shark
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reservoir to the intertidal zone and finally to the open sea. There is also a touch pool featuring marine invertebrates in the intertidal exhibit area. Animals on display include tilapia, Japanese eel, trout, cuttlefish, nurse sharks, Indo-Pacific tarpon, yellowfin tuna, spotted eagle rays, and a whale shark. The main ocean tanks contains of sea water, has a acrylic viewing window and an shark tunnel. The Coral Kingdom exhibit hall shows different coral reef habitats, from shallow waters to deep oceans. Differing environments based on sea depth, pressure, terrain, and light are shown. An underwater tunnel and a sunken ship are
National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium
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May 1. On July 6, 2008 a small four seater plane crashed into a shallow area of water in Shark River. The single occupant was killed immediately on impact. Shark River Inlet The Shark River Inlet is an inlet that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Shark River, located entirely in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The Shark River Inlet acts as a border between the towns of Belmar and Avon-by-the-Sea at the Atlantic Ocean. The Shark River Inlet is the only river inlet exclusively in Monmouth County that drains directly into the Atlantic Ocean; the Shrewsbury and Navesink
Shark River Inlet
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that he wanted to discuss with Haffner on each episode. "The Lone Shark" was known for its fast pace, strong language and adult themes, often pushing the limits of what station managers believed could be allowed on television. "The Lone Shark" was originally recorded in-studio or on-location and edited before broadcast, but after 1993 the program was broadcast "live" without a broadcast delay, editing or censor. In August 2001 the program was permanently suspended from production by the SoundView Television station management after "The Lone Shark" aired three seconds of a graphic adult sex video on live television during prime
The Lone Shark
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Smallfin gulper shark The smallfin gulper shark ("Centrophorus moluccensis") is a medium-sized deepwater dogfish in the Centrophoridae family. The smallfin gulper has no anal fin, two dorsal fins with spines, long free rear tips on pectoral fins, and a deeply notched caudal fin. Its maximum length is 98 cm. The smallfin gulper is found in the western Indian Ocean off South Africa and Mozambique, and the western Pacific off Honshū, Japan, Indonesia, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and southern Australia. Smallfin gulpers are common deepwater sharks. They live near the bottom between 130 and 820 m. They are ovoviviparous and have
Smallfin gulper shark
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The abyssal zone extends from to . The hadal zone spans from depths of to the ocean floor. Creatures in these areas must be able to live in complete darkness. Aphotic zone The aphotic zone (aphotic from Greek prefix + "without light") is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. Consequently, bioluminescence is essentially the only light found in this zone. Most food in this zone comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or
Aphotic zone
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observations argue against traditional theories that white sharks are coastal territorial predators, and open up the possibility of interaction between shark populations that were previously thought to have been discrete. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating. A 2018 study indicated that white sharks prefer to congregate deep in anticyclonic eddies in the North Atlantic Ocean. The sharks studied tended to favor the warm water eddies, spending the daytime hours at 450 meters and coming to the surface at night. The great white shark has a
Great white shark
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American Otter exhibit towards the existing Pelican pond. Other new plans include updated local fish exhibits. Albuquerque Aquarium The ABQ Biopark Aquarium, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States is a facility of the Albuquerque Biological Park and is located next door to the Rio Grande Botanic Garden. The ABQ Biopark Aquarium exhibits Gulf of Mexico and South Pacific saltwater species from a variety of habitats, including surf zone, shallow waters, coral reefs, open ocean and deep ocean. The highlight of the aquarium is a shark tank with a -wide, -high, -thick acrylic viewing window. "Jellies: Aliens of the Sea",
Albuquerque Aquarium
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Albuquerque Aquarium The ABQ Biopark Aquarium, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States is a facility of the Albuquerque Biological Park and is located next door to the Rio Grande Botanic Garden. The ABQ Biopark Aquarium exhibits Gulf of Mexico and South Pacific saltwater species from a variety of habitats, including surf zone, shallow waters, coral reefs, open ocean and deep ocean. The highlight of the aquarium is a shark tank with a -wide, -high, -thick acrylic viewing window. "Jellies: Aliens of the Sea", featuring moon jellies and Japanese sea nettles, and the "Pacific Coral Reef Tunnel" are popular with
Albuquerque Aquarium
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a wide distribution around the world. In the Atlantic Ocean, it occurs off Bermuda, the United States, Suriname, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina in the west, and off northern France, Madeira, Cape Verde, and the Azores in the east. In the Indian Ocean, this species has only been recorded off Somalia. In the Pacific Ocean, it is found off southern Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The spined pygmy shark is found at depths of and seldom approaches the surface, unlike the related pygmy shark and cookiecutter shark ("Isistius brasiliensis"). This shark prefers areas of high biological productivity over upper continental
Spined pygmy shark
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the event as "the worst shark attack in history." Surviving members of the crew attended a special screening in New York City on 18 July 2007. According to the accounts of the surviving crew, most of the men died of either exhaustion, exposure to the elements, or drinking the ocean water, not from shark attacks. However, this incident is still one of the worst cases of sharks feeding on humans. Ocean of Fear Ocean of Fear: Worst Shark Attack Ever is a 2007 made-for-television documentary film that launched the 20th anniversary of the Discovery Channel's Shark Week of 2007. It
Ocean of Fear
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Ocean due to its prized meat, fins, and skin. Lemon shark skin may be used for leather and its meat can be consumed and is believed to be a delicacy in many cultures. Concern exists that over-fishing has led the lemon shark populations in the western north Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean to decline. Lemon sharks do not represent a large threat to humans. The International Shark Attack File lists 10 unprovoked lemon shark bites, none of which were fatal. Lemon shark The lemon shark ("Negaprion brevirostris") is a species of shark from the family Carcharhinidae. Lemon sharks can grow
Lemon shark
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mammals made their first appearance in the state's fossil record. In western Oregon's ocean, the new Cascadia subduction zone laid the foundations for Oregon's modern Coast Range and improved ocean productivity, prompting diversification among the state's fauna. At least 25 species of mollusk, including several snails, are known from the Fern Ridge Dam area alone. Other marine invertebrates include echinoderms, foramenifera, brachiopods, scaphopods, shrimp, and crabs. Shark teeth from over a dozen genera have been found at a variety of sites, including the Rocky Point Quarry to the west of the Nehalem River. These genera include dogfish, horn sharks, comb-toothed
Paleontology in Oregon
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White Shark (novel) White Shark is a 1994 novel by author Peter Benchley, famous for "Jaws", "The Island", "Beast" and "The Deep". It is similar to "Jaws", but it does not feature a shark, despite what the title suggests. To avoid confusion and to capitalize on the movie adaptation, the book was republished as "Creature" in 1997. At the close of World War II, Nazi scientist Ernst Kruger perfects a biological weapon he calls "Der Weiss Hai" ("the White Shark"). The weapon is packed in a casket-like box and loaded aboard a German submarine to escape the Allied capture of
White Shark (novel)
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Bay, located in Ocean City. The female shark was nicknamed Septima by scientists, and has traveled over thousands of miles along the East Coast since being tagged in South Carolina. However, though there has been an increase in shark sightings, there haven’t been any recorded fatalities from shark attacks in Ocean City, Maryland. North Ocean City in recent years has seen more deer sightings and red foxes as well as development has increased on the barrier island as well. There are many historic landmarks located in Ocean City, Maryland. Some historical sites include the anchor from the Sailboat Wreck, the
Ocean City, Maryland
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concentrated in this zone. Examples of organisms living in this zone are plankton, floating seaweed, jellyfish, tuna, many sharks and dolphins. "From down to around " The most abundant organisms thriving into the mesopelagic zone are heterotrophic bacteria. Examples of animals that live here are swordfish, squid, "Anarhichadidae" or "wolffish" and some species of cuttlefish. Many organisms that live in this zone are bioluminescent. Some creatures living in the mesopelagic zone rise to the epipelagic zone at night to feed. "From down to around " The name stems . At this depth, the ocean is pitch black, apart from occasional
Pelagic zone
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deep waters that line reefs, but it does move into channels to pursue prey in shallower waters. In the western Pacific Ocean, the shark has been found as far north as Japan and as far south as New Zealand. It has also been recorded in the Mediterranean, but so far only on two occasions, firstly off Spain and then off Sicily. Tiger sharks can be seen in the Gulf of Mexico, North American beaches, and parts of South America. It is also commonly observed in the Caribbean Sea. Other locations where tiger sharks are seen include off Africa, China, India,
Tiger shark
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Greenland shark The Greenland shark ("Somniosus microcephalus"), also known as the gurry shark, grey shark, or by the Kalaallisut name eqalussuaq, is a large shark of the family Somniosidae ("sleeper sharks"), closely related to the Pacific and southern sleeper sharks. The distribution of this species is mostly restricted to the waters of the North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. It has the longest known lifespan of all vertebrate species (estimated to be between 300–500 years), and is among the largest extant species of shark. As an adaptation to living at depth, it has a high concentration of trimethylamine N-oxide in
Greenland shark
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Nurse shark The nurse shark ("Ginglymostoma cirratum") is an elasmobranch fish within the family Ginglymostomatidae. They are directly targeted in some fisheries and considered as bycatch in others. The conservation status of the nurse shark is globally assessed as being data deficient in the IUCN List of Threatened Species owing to the lack of information across its range in the eastern Pacific Ocean and eastern Atlantic Ocean. They are considered to be a species of least concern in the United States and in The Bahamas, but considered to be near threatened in the western Atlantic Ocean because of their vulnerable
Nurse shark
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The bignose shark was found to be the sister species of the sandbar shark ("C. plumbeus"), with the two forming one of the group's two branches. Patchy records from around the world indicate the bignose shark probably has a circumglobal distribution in tropical and subtropical waters. In the Atlantic Ocean, it occurs from Delaware Bay to Brazil, in the Mediterranean Sea, and off West Africa. In the Indian Ocean, it is known in South Africa and Madagascar, the Red Sea, India, and the Maldives. In the Pacific Ocean, it has been recorded from China to Australia, around Hawaii, and from
Bignose shark
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he was hesitant until he remembered a "Tintin" story he had read as a kid. In "Red Rackham's Treasure", Tintin explores the ocean while on a treasure hunt using a shark-shaped submarine. "When I thought back on that, I thought it was a really good idea", Cousteau recalled. "I wanted to film these sharks without any of the artificial stimuli". Normally, sharks' behavior is affected by the attempts to observe them, with chumming and shark cages leading to footage of aggressive, open mouthed sharks that does not represent their natural behavior. In order to make his vision a reality, Cousteau
Fabien Cousteau