what types of literature are in the bible
Wisdom Psalms The Law Historical narrative / epic Prophecy Epistle ( letter ) Apocalyptic Gospel
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complete agreement; for instance, scholars diverge over the existence and features of such Bible genres as gospel and apocalyptic. Furthermore, some detect subgenres—more narrowly defined compositional categories within a genre—in surrounding historical literature, and speculate that certain books and passages of the Bible may be better denominated by subgenre (e.g., it may be claimed that the book of Philemon is not simply a generic letter, but a "personal" letter). Despite such differences of opinion within the community of Bible scholars, the majority acknowledge that the concept of genre and subgenre can be useful in the study of the Bible as
Biblical genre
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Testament of the Bible, one of the bedrock texts of Western Civilisation. His orations, including the "Sermon on the Mount", "The Good Samaritan" and his declaration against hypocrisy "Let he who is without sin cast the first stone" have been deeply influential in Western literature. Many translations of the Bible exist, including the King James Bible, which is one of the most admired texts in English literature. The poetic Psalms and other passages of the Hebrew Bible have also been deeply influential in Western Literature and thought. Accounts of the actions of Jesus' early followers are contained within the Acts
Role of Christianity in civilization
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experiments. In literature, vision and prophecy are literary devices used to present a possible timeline of future events. They can be distinguished by vision referring to what an individual sees happen. The New Testament book of Revelation (Bible) thus uses vision as a literary device in this regard. It is also prophecy or prophetic literature when it is related by an individual in a sermon or other public forum. Divination is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic standardized process or ritual. It is an integral part of witchcraft and has been
Prediction
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Israel. In ancient Egyptian literature, wisdom literature belonged to the "sebayt" ("teaching") genre which flourished during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and became canonical during the New Kingdom. Notable works of this genre include the "Instructions of Kagemni", "The Maxims of Ptahhotep", the "Instructions of Amenemhat", and the "Loyalist Teaching". The most famous examples of wisdom literature are found in the Bible. The term "Sapiential Books" or "Books of Wisdom" is used in biblical studies to refer to a subset of the books of the Hebrew Bible in the Septuagint translation. There are seven of these books, namely the books
Wisdom literature
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became their Isla Carroll and Perry E. Turner Professor of Hebrew Bible and Early Judaism. He has interests in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, Second Temple Jewish literature and culture, apocalyptic literature, Syriac language and literature, and the Qumran fragments. Additional he follows the history of biblical interpretation. Prominent also are his studies in 'Apocrypha' and 'Pseudepigrapha' writings. Henze has authored and edited nine books. His most recent published research includes a monograph on 2 Baruch, a Jewish apocalypse from the late first century, titled "Jewish Apocalypticism in Late First Century Israel: Reading Second Baruch in Context" (Mohr Siebeck, 2011). He
Matthias Henze
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Ezra in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character of Ezra, the leader and lawgiver who brought some of the Judean exiles back from Babylonian captivity, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. According to the rabbis, Ezra marks the springtime in the national history of Judaism. The Midrash on Canticles has the words "The flowers appear on the earth" be a reference to Ezra and Nehemiah (Midr. Cant. ad loc.). Ezra was worthy of being the vehicle of the Law, had it not been already given
Ezra in rabbinic literature
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Joshua, Moses purposely sent Jethro away so he wouldn't be present at the revelation of the Law (comp. Exodus 18.27, Hebr.). Jethro in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. One puzzle for the Talmudists was the difference in names presented at and , compared to : some thought that his real name was "Hobab" and that Reuel was his father (see Hobab); others thought that his name was "Reuel", interpreting it "the friend of
Jethro in rabbinic literature
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Sherira Gaon and often repeated. The oral law was subsequently codified in the Mishnah and Gemarah, and is interpreted in Rabbinic literature detailing subsequent rabbinic decisions and writings. Rabbinic Jewish literature is predicated on the belief that the Written Law cannot be properly understood without recourse to the Oral Law (the Mishnah). Much Rabbinic Jewish literature concerns specifying what behavior is sanctioned by the law; this body of interpretations is called "halakha" ("the way"). Originally, Jewish scholarship was oral. Rabbis expounded and debated the law (the written law expressed in the Hebrew Bible) and discussed the Tanakh without the benefit
Origins of Rabbinic Judaism
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Christianity need to understand Jesus Christ and the gospel. CBS is often used for evangelization, discipleship, and church planting as a way to establish an organized church within illiterate cultures, generally with the long-term goal of promoting literacy and translating The Bible into a language the group can be taught to read. Chronological Bible Storying Chronological Bible Storying (CBS) is a method of orally communicating portions of the Bible by telling its stories aloud to listeners in chronological order. For people who are illiterate, or members of pre-literate societies, CBS presents the Bible as oral literature in a narrative format
Chronological Bible Storying
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meaning of good and evil, the nature of right and wrong, criteria for moral discernment, valid sources of morality, the origin and acquisition of moral beliefs, the ontological status of moral norms, moral authority, cultural pluralism, axiological and aesthetic assumptions about the nature of value and beauty. These are all implicit in the texts." Fox writes that ancient Hebrew wisdom literature dwells on wisdom in a manner that separates it from wisdom literature of other ancient Near Eastern cultures. "This focus is closely bound to its ethics." Mittleman explains that ethics in the Bible are provided by patterns of moral
Ethics in the Bible
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services, including the singing of hymns (especially the Psalms) and reading from the Scriptures (Old and New Testament). The final uniformity of liturgical services became solidified after the church established a Biblical canon, being based on the Apostolic Constitutions and Clementine literature. In the Orthodox view, the Bible represents those texts approved by the church for the purpose of conveying the most important parts of what it already believed. The oldest list of books for the canon is the Muratorian fragment dating to c. 170 (see also Chester Beatty Papyri). The oldest complete canon of the Christian Bible was found
History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
3971865
Chronological Bible Storying Chronological Bible Storying (CBS) is a method of orally communicating portions of the Bible by telling its stories aloud to listeners in chronological order. For people who are illiterate, or members of pre-literate societies, CBS presents the Bible as oral literature in a narrative format in an attempt to make it easier to understand and remember. The stories are presented in what is regarded as Biblical chronological order in an attempt to allow the listener to connect the stories together to form one frame of reference regarding the Bible rather than just a series of unrelated stories.
Chronological Bible Storying
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as there is no binding theological dogma in the Bible or in the Talmudic literature (and fundamental beliefs of the Bible or Talmudic literature do not have the status of binding dogma), and the commandments of the Torah as the basis of Jewish law are according to Jewish tradition commandments of doing and not doing (and not of believing or not believing). British Traditional Wicca is highly orthopraxic, with "traditions" (as denominations in Wicca are called) being precisely that—defined by what is traditionally done, rather than shared beliefs. Other Neopagans may or may not share this quality, as noted by
Orthopraxy
20570093
up on humor in written form. The age of the texts makes it difficult to be sure that what we are interpreting as humor was intended as humor by the author. Finding humor in the Bible requires a broad eclectic definition of humor and some awareness of literary types of humor such as satire, farce, parody, irony and so on. Therefore, the vast majority of Bible interpreters over the last 1,500 years have not only not detected humor in the Bible, they have often discounted or even disdained the possibility of humor in the Bible. Professor Yehuda T. Radday notes
The Bible and humor
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three issues raised in modern biblical scholarship that he feels are mishandled by Evangelicals: (1) the strong similarities between the Old Testament and the literature of other ancient societies; (2), theological diversity among the Old Testament authors; (3) how New Testament writers interpreted the Old Testament in inventive ways that reflect Jewish practices of the time. In all three cases, the Bible behaves in ways that don’t seem very “inspired,” but rather very “human.” Enns argues for an “incarnational” understanding of the Bible as a way to take seriously these types of challenges. This model draws an analogy between Jesus
Peter Enns
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and medieval Church; they became an issue only with later editors and publishers." The order of the biblical books still differs between some ecclesiastical traditions today. Some earlier editions of the Bible also presented the books in non-traditional orders: "The Modern Readers' Bible"; "The Bible Designed to Be Read as Living Literature"; "The Twentieth Century New Testament"; and "The Original New Testament". "The Books of the Bible", again according to its Preface, seeks to "order the books in such a way that their literary types, the historical circumstances in which they were composed and the theological traditions out of which
The Books of the Bible
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Christian literature Christian literature is writing that deals with Christian themes and incorporates the Christian world view. This constitutes a huge body of extremely varied writing. While falling within the strict definition of literature, the Bible is not generally considered literature. However, the Bible has been treated and appreciated as literature; the King James Version in particular has long been considered a masterpiece of English prose, whatever may be thought of its religious significance. Several retellings of the Bible, or parts of the Bible, have also been made with the aim of emphasising its literary qualities. Devotionals are often used
Christian literature
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triumph of Flaubert, Balzac and "modern realism" (ch. 18). According to Auerbach, the Old Testament and the Odyssey are “in their opposition...basic types” of ancient epic literature. While the former can be various and arbitrary, multilayered in its characterization of people and events, the latter is the epitome of detailed, organized and logical storytelling informed by the rhetorical tradition. Although he acknowledged that both works exercised an enormous influence over subsequent Western literature, Auerbach held that the true motivation behind the representations of reality in both the Bible and the Odyssey lay within and without aesthetic considerations. For Homer, it
Odysseus' scar (Auerbach)
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the publisher as the Watch Tower Society. Along with books and brochures, other media are also produced, including CDs, MP3s and DVDs, and Internet downloads and video streaming. New publications are usually released at Jehovah's Witnesses' annual conventions. Most literature produced by Jehovah's Witnesses is intended for use in their evangelizing work. Publications for preaching are also routinely studied by members, both privately and at their meetings for worship. Their most widely distributed publications are: When interested individuals are encountered, Witnesses offer a home Bible study course, using a current publication, such as "What Does the Bible "Really" Teach?", which
Jehovah's Witnesses publications
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Peter Carey and Robert Hughes; leading screenwriters Nick Enright, Bruce Beresford, Peter Weir, Santo Cilauro and Tom Gleisner; and notable poets and authors like Kenneth Slessor, Helen Garner and Gerard Windsor attended Anglican, Presbyterian or Catholic schools in Australia. In 2011, Prime Minister and atheist Julia Gillard, said that it was important for Australians to have knowledge of the Bible, on the basis that "what comes from the Bible has formed such an important part of our culture. It's impossible to understand Western literature without having that key of understanding the Bible stories and how Western literature builds on them
Christianity in Australia
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Tract (literature) A tract is a literary work, and in current usage, usually religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time. By the early part of the 21st century, a tract referred to a brief pamphlet used for religious and political purposes, though far more often the former. Tracts are often either left for someone to find or handed out. However, there have been times in history when the term implied tome-like works. A "tractate", a derivative of a tract, is equivalent in Hebrew literature to a "chapter" of the Christian Bible. The distribution
Tract (literature)
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Isaiah in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical prophet Isaiah contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences that go beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. According to the ancient rabbis, Isaiah was a descendant of Judah and Tamar (Sotah 10b). His father was a prophet and the brother of King Amaziah (Talmud tractate Megillah 15a). While Isaiah, says the Midrash, was walking up and down in his study he heard God saying, "Whom shall I send ?" Then Isaiah said, "Here am I; send me!" Thereupon God said to him," My children are
Isaiah in rabbinic literature
575230
subsequent upheavals in the kingdom in 1306, however, the Bohemian nobles distanced themselves from German culture and looked for literature in their native language. Despite this, German remained an important literary language in Bohemia until the 19th century. This new literature in Czech consisted largely of epic poetry of two types: the legend and the knightly epic, both based on apocryphal tales from the Bible, as well as hagiographic legends of earlier periods. Prose was also first developed during this period: administrative and instructional texts, which necessitated the development of a more extensive and specialized vocabulary; the first Czech-Latin dictionaries
Czech literature
7494120
in discussions of retributive justice. Measuring and estimating the effects of criminal sanction on subsequent criminal behavior is the historic and conceptual core of criminology. Despite numerous studies using a variety of data sources, sanctions, crime types, statistical methods and theoretical approaches, there remains little agreement in the scientific literature about whether, how, under what circumstances, to what extent, for which crimes, at what cost, for which individuals, and perhaps most importantly, in which direction do various aspects of contemporary criminal sanctions affect subsequent criminal behavior. There are extensive reviews of this literature with somewhat conflicting assessments. Some research has
Deterrence (penology)
14646355
very much like the Bible, for the safety of which the rise of modern science causes such unnecessary fears." She goes on to say that among the sources she consulted was a group of eighth-graders when she asked them the question: "What do you understand by the classics in literature?" Two of the answers Clark received were "Classics are books your fathers give you and you keep them to give to your children" and "Classics are those great pieces of literature considered worthy to be studied in English classes of high school or college". Calvino agrees with the Ohio educator
Classic book
7003762
mystical (Kabbalistic) literature, musar (ethical) literature, halakhic literature, and commentaries on the Bible about the king himself. The modern era also saw the creation of what is generally known as "modern Jewish literature," discussed here. Modern Jewish literature emerged with the Hebrew literature of the Haskalah and broke with religious traditions about literature. Therefore, it can be distinguished from rabbinic literature which is distinctly religious in character. Modern Jewish literature was a unique Jewish literature which often also contributed to the national literatures of many of the countries in which Jews lived. It was with Moses Hayyim Luzzatto (1707–1746) that
Jewish literature
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translations of the New Testament. The translators, including Anthony Gilby, created a piece of literature that was able to influence readers of all types during the sixteenth century, including Shakespeare and Milton. Many years later, the Geneva Bible was exchanged for a more politically accepted version. Once the Geneva Bible was finished, Gilby finally returned to England in May 1560 and his masterpiece was published only a few weeks later. Gilby is known to be accredited to the arrangement of the job and the writing of the annotations and reasoning these arguments. However, his weakness was textual criticism, since he
Anthony Gilby
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Meir Sternberg Meir Sternberg is an Israeli literary critic and biblical scholar. He is Artzt Professor of Poetics and Comparative Literature at Tel Aviv University. Along with Robert Alter and Adele Berlin, Sternberg is one of the most prominent practitioners of a literary approach to the Bible. Sternberg is best known for his 1985 book "The Poetics of Biblical Narrative". Sternberg argues that the Bible is a "foolproof composition": any reader who reads the Bible in "good faith" will get the point of what is written. He believes the Bible is written by an omniscient narrator, who has had things
Meir Sternberg
17739007
and design. "Thandai or Patharasam", same as Silambu but heavy. "Kaappu" (Plain anklets) "Padakkam", listed out in Sangam literature 'Silapathikaram'. "Kattuvanam" "Batti" "Gajjal" Jewellery of Tamil Nadu Tamil people are fond of golden jewellery, which has a history long before Sangam period. Ancient Tamil literature list out what are the different types of jewellery worn by women from top to toe on those days. Apart from gold, jewellery were made of silver, copper and brass. Tamil annai ("The Mother Tamil") is praised by ornamenting her with The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature. சிரமதில் திகழ்வது சீவக சிந்தாமணி - (Civaka Cintamani,
Jewellery of Tamil Nadu
3848316
"nigger", but attempts to tease apart the cultural, philosophical, and scriptural origins of what the author calls an "Alabaster Man", one that experienced the conclusions and prejudices at the root of their oppression. It examines, among other texts, the Christian bible and its terminology. the book explores the power of words, and re-interprets and critiques core western religious and philosophical constructs, including those that are central to much of the modern African-American religious experience. DeCoy re-examines the word "nigger", demystifies it, and attempts to embed critical thinking skills about black personality types and categories. The author deconstructs the Christianity of
The Nigger Bible
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with Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism, accept both traditional and secular approaches to Bible studies. "Jewish commentaries on the Bible", discusses Jewish Tanakh commentaries from the Targums to classical rabbinic literature, the midrash literature, the classical medieval commentators, and modern day commentaries. Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible, also called the Tanakh (; , or ; also "Tenakh", "Tenak", "Tanach") or Mikra, is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also the textual source for the Christian Old Testament. These texts are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew, with some passages in Biblical Aramaic (in the books of Daniel, Ezra and
Hebrew Bible
8106297
Melitzah Melitzah is a medieval Hebrew literary device in which a mosaic of fragments and phrases from the Hebrew Bible as well as from rabbinic literature or the liturgy is fitted together to form a new statement of what the author intends to express at the moment. In Christian literature, the equivalent are the Centuriae. In Hebrew the word "melitzah" means joke or witticism. "Melitzah", in effect, recalls Walter Benjamin's desire to someday write a work composed entirely of quotations. At any rate, it was a literary device employed widely in medieval Hebrew poetry and prose, then through the movement
Melitzah
8106300
Meaning and Interpretation in Psychoanalysis" (New York, W.W. Norton: 1982). Yerushalmi, Y.H. "Freud's Moses: Judaism Terminable and Interminable" (New Haven, Yale University Press: 1991). Melitzah Melitzah is a medieval Hebrew literary device in which a mosaic of fragments and phrases from the Hebrew Bible as well as from rabbinic literature or the liturgy is fitted together to form a new statement of what the author intends to express at the moment. In Christian literature, the equivalent are the Centuriae. In Hebrew the word "melitzah" means joke or witticism. "Melitzah", in effect, recalls Walter Benjamin's desire to someday write a work
Melitzah
8778706
might be done. They will be criticized for their omissions and inclusions, for their lack of a hard and fast plan as to just what types of books shall be treated and what types left to other publications, for the amateurish character of some of their matter, for the opportunism which fully expects to change their policy here and there as circumstances may demand it. They offer their first number with fear and trembling, but with the conviction that they are undertaking a work which very much needed doing." In the recounting of the lore surrounding "Books Abroad", colorful tales
World Literature Today
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compared to what was done by the Russian Bible Society before it was closed in the 1820s. Also, due to its strong vocabulary and stylistic reliance on the more-than-1000-year-old Church Slavonic translation—a translation that in fact was done not into the Russian language of the time, but into a language spoken by the Southern Slavs—the Synodal version remains a linguistic phenomenon of its own kind that helped to shape some distinctive Slavonic-inspired features used both in the Russian spoken language and in Russian literature to this day. Russian Synodal Bible The Russian Synodal Bible (, The Synodal Translation) is a
Russian Synodal Bible
9070364
Bible has a place in the history of Low German literature. There are seven known copies of the Bible today. They are displayed in: British Library, Royal Danish Library, Stuttgart Library, Lüneburg Archives, Newberry Library, Boerne Library. 1614 Low German Bible The 1614 Low German Bible () is a rare, illustrated edition in Low German (Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch) of Martin Luther's High German translation of the Bible. Illustrations in the bible are woodcuts from the Hans Stern publishing family in early Lüneburg, Germany. The bible's history was shaped primarily by: Martin Luther (Bible translator), Johannes Bugenhagen (scholar and pastor), Duke Augustus
1614 Low German Bible
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in 1559, 1583, 1612, 1632, and 1640. The Indexes included an enormous number of books of all types, though special attention was dedicated to religious works, and, particularly, vernacular translations of the Bible. Included in the Indices, at one point, were many of the great works of Spanish literature. Also, a number of religious writers who are today considered saints by the Catholic Church saw their works appear in the Indexes. At first, this might seem counter-intuitive or even nonsensical—how were these Spanish authors published in the first place if their texts were then prohibited by the Inquisition and placed
Spanish Inquisition
12081079
Theories of humor There are many theories of humor which attempt to explain what humor is, what social functions it serves, and what would be considered humorous. Among the prevailing types of theories that attempt to account for the existence of humor, there are psychological theories, the vast majority of which consider humor to be very healthy behavior; there are spiritual theories, which consider humor to be an inexplicable mystery, very much like a mystical experience. Although various classical theories of humor and laughter may be found, in contemporary academic literature, three theories of humor appear repeatedly: relief theory, superiority
Theories of humor
17760583
conventional. He found himself particularly drawn to the literature of the Bible as well as poetry, especially the works of William Blake, TS Eliot, and Carol Ann Duffy. He would skip school but spend all day at the library, picking these books at random off the shelves. His older brother Joseph was fond of music philosophy, science, and English literature, and would point out different types of books and dictionaries for him to read. Clementine sought out rarely used and archaic words, attempting to incorporate them into his vocabulary. Joseph bought a piano when Clementine was 11, and when he
Benjamin Clementine
7192245
at Azusa Pacific University. Matirxmoments Modern Christian Poetry Christian literature Christian literature is writing that deals with Christian themes and incorporates the Christian world view. This constitutes a huge body of extremely varied writing. While falling within the strict definition of literature, the Bible is not generally considered literature. However, the Bible has been treated and appreciated as literature; the King James Version in particular has long been considered a masterpiece of English prose, whatever may be thought of its religious significance. Several retellings of the Bible, or parts of the Bible, have also been made with the aim of
Christian literature
13886981
literature. The thesis of her second degree (M.A) was: “The Literary Creations of Hannah Szenes”. The theme of Dr. Talit Reisenberger’s doctorate – “The Concept of Motherhood in the Bible” – has proved that fixed prejudices and the expectations in daily life in ancient times influenced the definition of “The Motherhood Concept” as it appears in the text of the Bible. As if in a cyclical knock on effect – the descriptions in the Bible have influenced the building of prejudice about the way motherhood is perceived as well as affecting what was expected of women, for thousands of years,
Azila Talit Reisenberger
19398530
the role played by the numerous experts that collaborated with Luther on his translation of the Bible is revealed. What is more, the historical Luther chambers can also be toured on the mezzanine floor. Luther's death in 1546 ended neither the Reformation nor the effective history of his translation of the Bible. On the contrary, Luther's translation of the Bible has been shaping German language, literature and music to this day. This can be traced in many individual examples on the top floor. The founding of the Cansteinsche Bibelanstalt and the development of standing type were extremely important for the
Lutherhaus Eisenach
5862452
Bible in Kokborok language, the dialect of the native people of Tripura was first published in 1976. The translation team were: The full Holy Bible in Kokborok language was published for the first time in 2013 by the Bible Society of India. The TBCU translation team were: The New Testament of the Bible in (Molsom) language the dialect of the native people of Tripura. The translation team were: Under the Tripura Baptist Christian Literature Committee and the Kokborok Christian Literature Committee (KCLC) various songbooks, tracts and study materials are regularly published by the TBCU. TBCU has more than 840 churches
Tripura Baptist Christian Union
6004862
Open Scripture Information Standard Open Scripture Information Standard (OSIS) is an XML application (or schema), that defines tags for marking up Bibles, theological commentaries, and other related literature. The OSIS schema was developed by the Bible Technologies Group, a joint committee sponsored by the American Bible Society and the Society of Biblical Literature. Other participants in the standards work are the United Bible Societies, SIL International, and various national Bible societies, along with individual expert volunteers. The officers include Steven DeRose (chair), Kees DeBlois (vice-chair), and Patrick Durusau (editor). As of mid-2006, the current version is 2.1.1. The schema is
Open Scripture Information Standard
6597381
Muslim literature and scholars, and these and other polemical ideas were modified only slightly by some later authors. Ibn al-Layth, Ibn Rabban, and Ibn Qutayba, found that there had been no corruption of the text but denounced as "tahrif" what they considered misleading interpretations of the text. The 14th-century commentator Ibn Khaldun argued in the "Muqaddimah" (Introduction) that no distortion had taken place: "the statement concerning the alteration is unacceptable to thorough scholars and cannot be understood in its plain meaning". The study of inconsistencies in the Bible has a long history. In the 17th century, Spinoza considered the Bible
Internal consistency of the Bible
9068854
the idea of "seven" fishes originated in restaurants. The most famous dish for Southern Italians is baccalà (salted cod fish). The custom of celebrating with a simple fish such as baccalà reflects customs in what were historically impoverished regions of Southern Italy, as well as seasonal factors. Fried smelts, calamari and other types of seafood have been incorporated into the Christmas Eve dinner over the years. There are many hypotheses for what the number seven represents. Seven is the most repeated number in the Bible and appears over 700 times. One popular theory is the number represents completion, as shown
Feast of the Seven Fishes
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Egypt, and hence three years before Reuben's death. It is said that the remains of all the Patriarchs were enclosed in coffins and taken to the land of Canaan by the Israelites at the time of the Exodus. Simeon in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Simeon, son of Jacob, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. In the Rabbinic literature, Simeon's name is interpreted in a number of different ways. The Genesis Rabbah takes it to mean "he who listens to the words of God".
Simeon in rabbinic literature
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Simeon in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Simeon, son of Jacob, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. In the Rabbinic literature, Simeon's name is interpreted in a number of different ways. The Genesis Rabbah takes it to mean "he who listens to the words of God". The Midrash HaGadol, however, interprets it as "there is sin", and sees in the name an allusion to Zimri, the Simeonite prince who sinned with the Midianite woman. Genesis 34 describes how Simeon and Levi kill the people
Simeon in rabbinic literature
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Jewellery of Tamil Nadu Tamil people are fond of golden jewellery, which has a history long before Sangam period. Ancient Tamil literature list out what are the different types of jewellery worn by women from top to toe on those days. Apart from gold, jewellery were made of silver, copper and brass. Tamil annai ("The Mother Tamil") is praised by ornamenting her with The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature. சிரமதில் திகழ்வது சீவக சிந்தாமணி - (Civaka Cintamani, jewellery on forehead) செவிகளில் மிளிர்வது குண்டலகேசி - (Kundalakesi, stud on ear) திருவே நின் இடையணி மணிமேகலையாம் - (Manimegalai, girdle on waist) கரமதில் மின்னுவது வளையாபதியாம்
Jewellery of Tamil Nadu
18649291
what does this all of this mean in practice? Traditionally, stylistics has treated literature—whether institutionally sanctioned Literature (with a capital "L") or more popular non-canonical forms of literary writing—as its primary focus. Mediated stylistics, however, in taking seriously the idea that journalists are the "professional storytellers of our age", orients towards the types of creativity and innovation in language-use that are required in and for the construction of mediated stories. This shift in empirical focus requires a shift in analytic focus. For although literary and mediated texts both tell stories, they do so in differing ways. In that stylistics asks
Mediated stylistics
354889
Women in Judaism The role of women in Judaism is determined by the Hebrew Bible, the Oral Law (the corpus of rabbinic literature), by custom, and by cultural factors. Although the Hebrew Bible and rabbinic literature mention various female role models, religious law treats women differently in various circumstances. Gender has a bearing on familial lines: In traditional Judaism, Jewishness is passed down through the mother, although the father's name is used to describe sons and daughters in the Torah, e. g., "Dinah, daughter of Jacob". Relatively few women are mentioned in the Bible by name and role, suggesting that
Women in Judaism
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eight different types of questions, as follows: Each round consists of 20 question: 11 general questions, 4 according-to questions and 1 question from each of the 5 remaining categories – which depend on the predetermined books studied. "Situation" questions are only used when the book(s) being studied are that of a story or an actual timeline (Matthew, Luke, John, Acts) – otherwise, "In What Book and Chapter" questions are used in the years where the letters are being studied (Hebrews and 1 and 2 Peter, Romans and James, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians-Ephesians-Philippians-Colossians-Philemon). The current quiz cycle is determined by
Nazarene Bible Quizzing
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he started his own studio, Pitch Perfect Studios, and in 2011 launched an audiobook business, World Classic Audiobooks, that produces literature in the public domain. In May 2011, he launched the Atheist Audio Bible, an online audio book version of the King James Bible presented as a work of literature read by an atheist. Unashamed and provocative, the sites offer atheists access to the Bible free from Christian proselytism, and promotes free and respectful debate between believers, atheists and those who are still undecided about the Existence of God. In 2011, Ryan gathered multiple awards from Amazon.com for his work
Ryan James (actor)
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other Bible translations are used. Students are also taught about changes in culture and language as well as techniques for conducting meetings and Bible classes. Some students receive additional practical training for translation and literature production. Watchtower Bible School of Gilead Watchtower Bible School of Gilead is the formal name of the missionary school of Jehovah's Witnesses, typically referred to simply as Gilead or Gilead School. Gilead is the flagship school at the Watchtower Educational Center at Patterson, New York, United States. In 1942, Nathan H. Knorr, then president of the Watchtower Society, proposed the Watchtower Bible School of Gilead
Watchtower Bible School of Gilead
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Leland Ryken Leland Ryken, is professor of English emeritus at Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. He has contributed a number of works to the study of classic literature from the Christian perspective, including editing the comprehensive volume on Christian writing on literature "The Christian Imagination". He was the literary stylist for the English Standard Version of the Bible, published by Crossway Bibles in 2001. He is the author of "How to Read the Bible as Literature" and "Words of Delight: A Literary Introduction to the Bible", as well as co-editor of "Ryken's Bible Handbook" and the "ESV Literary Study Bible"
Leland Ryken
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Society and the International Bible Society (now "Biblica"), a number of state and regional Bible societies were established prior to the Civil War and remain active to this day distributing Bibles and other literature to prisons, hospitals and shelters. Most of these regional societies are affiliated with the National Association of State and Regional Bible Societies The oldest Bible society in the United States is the Pennsylvania Bible Society, founded in 1808. The Bible society movement spread west as far as Chicago where the Chicago Bible Society was founded in 1840, making it only five years younger than the city
Bible society
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Riddles (Hebrew) Riddles in Hebrew are referred to as "ḥidot" (singular "ḥidah"). They have at times been a major and distinctive part of literature in Hebrew and closely related languages. At times they have a complex relationship with proverbs. Riddles are not common in the Bible, nor in Midrashic literature, though other tests of verbal wit are. The most prominent riddle in the Bible is Samson's riddle in Judges xiv.14: Samson outwitted the Philistines by posing a riddle about the lion and the beehive until they learned the answer from his Philistine bride, costing Samson 30 suits of clothes (Judges
Riddles (Hebrew)
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population of Janakpur, Siraha, Saptari, Sarlahi, Darbhanga and Madhubani". In April 2010 a translation of the New Testament into Maithili was published by the Bible Society of India under joint copyright with Nepal Wycliffe Bible Translators. The development of Maithili in the modern era was due to magazines and journals. Some important writers of this era are: Maithili literature Maithili literature is the entire collection of poetry, novels, short stories, documents and other writings in the Maithili language. The most famous literary figure in Maithili is the poet Vidyapati (1350–1450), who wrote his poems in the language of the people,
Maithili literature
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Bibles exhibit such markup frequently, for example verses crossing paragraph boundaries and vice versa. The OSIS schema introduced a method for encoding overlap in XML, known as Trojan milestones, or "Clix". Open Scripture Information Standard Open Scripture Information Standard (OSIS) is an XML application (or schema), that defines tags for marking up Bibles, theological commentaries, and other related literature. The OSIS schema was developed by the Bible Technologies Group, a joint committee sponsored by the American Bible Society and the Society of Biblical Literature. Other participants in the standards work are the United Bible Societies, SIL International, and various national
Open Scripture Information Standard
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of Latter-day Saints, Christian Science, Jehovah's Witnesses, Unitarian Universalism, and Unity as examples. The Christian countercult movement asserts that Christian sects whose beliefs are partially or wholly not in accordance with the Bible are erroneous. It also states that a religious sect can be considered a cult if its beliefs involve a denial of what they view as any of the essential Christian teachings such as salvation, the Trinity, Jesus himself as a person, the ministry of Jesus, the miracles of Jesus, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection of Christ, the Second Coming of Christ, and the Rapture. Countercult literature usually expresses
Cult
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New Testament in the Christian Bible contains stories about the life of Jesus, the parables he told, and about the first period of apostolic activities. Bible story Bible stories, Judeo-Christian retellings of certain portions of the Bible, have long had a place in family religious worship, spiritual instruction, literature, and the cultural underpinnings of many Christian and Jewish societies. In many Christian churches, they are regular ingredients of Sunday School curricula. The underlying spiritual principles in many of these stories are also used in preaching and teaching for Judeo-Christian adults as well. The Tanakh, also known as the Old Testament,
Bible story
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is based upon earlier sources, including traditions about heavenly ascents of Enoch found among the Dead Sea scrolls and the Hebrew Bible pseudepigrapha. Some of the Hekhalot texts are: Other similar texts are: The Hekhalot literature is post-rabbinical, and not a literature of the rabbis, but since it seeks to stand in continuity with the Rabbinic literature often pseudepigraphical. Hekhalot literature The Hekhalot literature (sometimes transliterated Heichalot) from the Hebrew word for "Palaces", relating to visions of ascents into heavenly palaces. The genre overlaps with "Merkabah" or "Chariot" literature, concerning Ezekiel's chariot, so the two are sometimes referred to together
Hekhalot literature
1974100
are voluntary, based on scientists agreeing or debating in the literature regarding what to call particular neoplastic entities (types of tumors). The term "malignant teratoma" has sometimes been used as a synonym for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. Ovarian teratomas have been reported in mares, mountain lions, and in canines. Teratomas also occur, rarely, in other species. Teratoma A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, or bone. They typically form in the ovaries, testicles, or tailbone and less commonly in other areas. Symptoms may be minimal if the tumor is small.
Teratoma
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with the understanding that historical biblical criticism's focus on historicity produced a distinction between the meaning of what the text says and what it is about (what it references). This produced doubts about the text's veracity. The theologian Hans Frei writes that what he refers to as the "realistic narratives" of literature, including the Bible, don't allow for such separation. Subject matter is identical to verbal meaning and is found in plot and nowhere else. "As Frei puts it, scripture 'simultaneously depicts and renders the reality (if any) of what it talks about'; its subject matter is 'constituted by, or
Biblical criticism
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New Cambridge Paragraph Bible The New Cambridge Paragraph Bible with the Apocrypha is a newly edited edition of the King James Version of the Bible (KJV) published by Cambridge University Press in 2005. This 2005 edition was printed as "The Bible (Penguin Classics)" in 2006. The editor is David Norton, Reader in English at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Norton is author of "A History of the Bible as Literature" (1993) revised and condensed as "A History of the English Bible as Literature" (2000). He wrote "A Textual History of the King James Bible" as a companion volume to
New Cambridge Paragraph Bible
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Job in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Job, the object of sufferings and tribulations in the Book of Job, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Owing to the importance of the "Book of Job", the Talmudists occupied themselves frequently with its chief character. One of the amoraim expressed his opinion in the presence of Samuel ben Nahmani that Job never existed and that the whole story was a fable. An opinion couched in similar words and pronounced by Simeon ben Lakish was interpreted to
Job in rabbinic literature
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on the mountain (ib.). Moses in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Moses, who led the people of Israel out of Egypt and through their wanderings in the wilderness, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Of all Biblical personages Moses has been chosen most frequently as the subject of later legends; and his life has been recounted in full detail in the poetic "Aggadah". As liberator, lawgiver, and leader of the Children of Israel which was transformed by him from an unorganized horde into a
Moses in rabbinic literature
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Moses in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the biblical character Moses, who led the people of Israel out of Egypt and through their wanderings in the wilderness, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Of all Biblical personages Moses has been chosen most frequently as the subject of later legends; and his life has been recounted in full detail in the poetic "Aggadah". As liberator, lawgiver, and leader of the Children of Israel which was transformed by him from an unorganized horde into a nation, he occupies a
Moses in rabbinic literature
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Adam in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical figure Adam, created according to the Book of Genesis by God in the Garden of Eden as the first man, expand and elaborate and draw inferences from what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. While the generic character that the name of Adam has in the older parts of Scripture, where it appears with the article ("the man"), was gradually lost sight of, his typical character as the representative of the unity of mankind was constantly emphasized (compare Talmud tractate Sanhedrin iv. 5; the correct reading
Adam in rabbinic literature
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equipment, or as text. Although it is technically possible to query postal services to find out what kinds of postal markings they use, in practice they do not seem to know about all the kinds of handstamps used in their offices, and previously unknown types of postal markings, both early and modern, regularly come to light. Hundreds of specialized works make up the philatelic literature of postal markings. Some representative works: Postal marking A postal marking is any kind of annotation applied to a letter by a postal service. The most common types are postmarks and cancellations; almost every letter
Postal marking
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b. Ḥanina inferred from Job i. 10 that Job's goats could kill wolves; and R. Johanan inferred from Job i. 14 that God gave Job a foretaste of the bliss of paradise (B. B. 15b). Satan, seeing Job's extraordinary prosperity, was filled with envy and therefore began in the councils of heaven to disparage Job's piety. Job in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Job, the object of sufferings and tribulations in the Book of Job, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Owing to the
Job in rabbinic literature
10245853
Haman in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character of Haman, the anti-Jewish villain of the Book of Esther, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Haman is identified by the Talmudists with Memucan, the last of the seven princes "which saw the king's face" (Esth. i. 14), giving to "Memucan" the signification of "prepared for punishment" (Targum to Esth.; Talmud Meg. 12b). Haman was a direct descendant of Agag in the sixteenth generation and consequently an Amalekite (Targ. Sheni). The Septuagint, however, gives for "ha-Agagi" "macedonian"
Haman in rabbinic literature
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written on his right foot. Joab slew all the people of the city except the king, whom he left for David himself to kill. Then Joab put the slain king's crown on David's head while his troops were engaged in carrying off the spoils of the city (Jellinek, "B. H." v. 146-148). Joab in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Joab, the nephew of King David and commander of his army, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Joab appears in the Mishnah as the ideal
Joab in rabbinic literature
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Jonah in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Jonah, the unwilling prophet on whom the Book of Jonah centres, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. The tribal affinities of Jonah constitute a point of controversy; generally assigned to Asher, he is claimed for Zebulun by R. Johanan on the strength of his place of residence. These opinions were harmonized by the assumption that his mother was of Asher while his father was of Zebulun (Yer. Suk. v. 1; Gen. R. xcviii. 11; Yalḳ., Jonah, 550;
Jonah in rabbinic literature
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Isaiah fled from his pursuers and took refuge in the tree, and the tree was sawn in half, the prophet's blood spurted forth. From Talmudical circles the legend of Isaiah's martyrdom was transmitted to the Arabs ("Ta'rikh," ed. De Goeje, i. 644). Isaiah in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical prophet Isaiah contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences that go beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. According to the ancient rabbis, Isaiah was a descendant of Judah and Tamar (Sotah 10b). His father was a prophet and the brother of King Amaziah
Isaiah in rabbinic literature
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Jethro in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. One puzzle for the Talmudists was the difference in names presented at and , compared to : some thought that his real name was "Hobab" and that Reuel was his father (see Hobab); others thought that his name was "Reuel", interpreting it "the friend of God" (see Jethro—Biblical Data, and comp. the view of some modern scholars, who hold that his name was "Reuel," and that
Jethro in rabbinic literature
10247503
Joab in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Joab, the nephew of King David and commander of his army, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Joab appears in the Mishnah as the ideal general (Talmud makkot 11b). He and David supplemented each other; he would not have succeeded in his wars without David's continuous study of the Torah, and David would not have been able to apply himself to his ideal pursuits without such a reliable general as Joab (Talmud Sanhedrin 49a). His generosity is
Joab in rabbinic literature
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the Talmud (B. B. l.c.), which gives the name of his mother, and states that he had a sister also, named "Nishyan" or "Nashyan" (variant reading, this apparently is the meaning of the passage in question, despite the somewhat unsatisfactory explanation of Rashi). Samson in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Samson, the ancient Israelite hero who fought the Philistines with supernatural strength, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Samson is identified with Bedan (I Sam. xii. 11); he was called "Bedan" because he was
Samson in rabbinic literature
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time of Noah was by no means the only flood with which this earth was visited. The first flood did its work of destruction as far as Jaffé, and the one of Noah's days extended to Barbary"." Noah in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Noah, who saved his family and representatives of all the animals from a great flood by constructing an ark, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. According to Midrash Agadah on Genesis v. 29, Noah obtained his name, which means "rest,"
Noah in rabbinic literature
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Samson in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Samson, the ancient Israelite hero who fought the Philistines with supernatural strength, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. Samson is identified with Bedan (I Sam. xii. 11); he was called "Bedan" because he was descended from the tribe of Dan, "Bedan" being explained as "Ben Dan" (R. H. 25a). On the maternal side, however, he was a descendant of the tribe of Judah; for his mother, whose name was Zelelponit (B. B. 91a) or Hazelelponit (Numbers Rabba
Samson in rabbinic literature
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Noah in rabbinic literature Allusions in rabbinic literature to the Biblical character Noah, who saved his family and representatives of all the animals from a great flood by constructing an ark, contain various expansions, elaborations and inferences beyond what is presented in the text of the Bible itself. According to Midrash Agadah on Genesis v. 29, Noah obtained his name, which means "rest," only after he had invented implements for tilling the ground, which, owing to the lack of such implements, had yielded only thorns and thistles (comp. Genesis 3:18). In this manner Noah really brought rest to mankind and
Noah in rabbinic literature
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and historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all their beliefs, although sociologist Andrew Holden's ethnographic study of the group concluded that pronouncements of the Governing Body, through Watch Tower Society publications, carry almost as much weight as the Bible. Regular personal Bible reading is frequently recommended; Witnesses are discouraged from formulating doctrines and "private ideas" reached through Bible research independent of Watch Tower Society publications, and are cautioned against reading other religious literature. Adherents are told to have "complete
Jehovah's Witnesses
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body of extremely varied writing. Christian poetry is any poetry that contains Christian teachings, themes, or references. The influence of Christianity on poetry has been great in any area that Christianity has taken hold. Christian poems often directly reference the Bible, while others provide allegory. While falling within the strict definition of literature, the Bible is not generally considered literature. However, the Bible has been treated and appreciated as literature; the Bible is a corner stone of Western civilization. The King James Version in particular has long been considered a masterpiece of English prose, whatever may be thought of its
Christian culture
777385
Scrolls are currently the best route of comparison to the accuracy and consistency of translation for the Hebrew Bible because they are the oldest out of any Biblical text currently known. Priests who took over the leadership of the Jewish community preserved and edited biblical literature. Biblical literature became a tool that legitimated and furthered the priests' political and religious authority. Corrections by the scribes (Tikkunei Soferim) refers to changes that were made in the original wording of the Hebrew Bible wording during the second temple period, perhaps sometime between 450 and 350 BCE. One of the most prominent men
Scribe
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and activities. For instance, in a literature review focused on development, an integrated, participatory, structured and empowering approach to using evidence and data in decision-making to inform development decisions was tied to improved results. The weak form alternatives to evidence-based anything include hearsay, opinion, rhetoric, discourse, advice (opinion), self deception, bias, belief, fallacy, or advocacy. The stronger forms include concerns about what counts as evidence, types of evidence, what evidence is available, sought or possible, who decides and pays for what evidence to be collected, and that evidence needs to be interpreted. Also there are the limitations to empiricism as
Evidence-based management
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II" — P). It also houses a copy of the Gutenberg Bible. Martin Bodmer established the library in the 1920s. Bodmer selected the works centering on what he saw as the five pillars of world literature: the Bible, Homer, Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He prioritized autographs and first editions. 1951 Bodmer had built two neo-baroque houses in Cologny to accommodate the collection. In 1970, shortly before Bodmer's death, the Bodmer Foundation was established to make the collection accessible and conserve it. In 2003 the building was remodelled by Mario Botta. He connected the cellars of
Bodmer Library
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Studies curriculum in the high schools and the related arts curriculum in the middle schools. Doctrine is not taught. The courses are taught as history and literature so that students can have a better understanding of the Bible. Bible in the Schools Bible in the Schools is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, that promotes biblical literacy in Hamilton County and other Tennessee public school districts. The organization develops curriculum, training and financial resources for elective, for-credit courses in Bible history, using the Bible as the text, taught in a controlled curriculum by trained and certified middle and high
Bible in the Schools
38288
Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches, including Evangelical Anglicans, focus on the idea of "sola scriptura", or scripture alone. This concept arose during the Protestant Reformation, and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only source of Christian teaching. The Bible has been a massive influence on literature and history, especially in the Western World, where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed using movable type. According to the March 2007 edition of "Time", the Bible "has done more to shape literature,
Bible
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numbered question, but is only answerable by that team. After Question 15, toss-up questions are numbered 16a, 17a, 18a, 19a, and 20a, and bonus questions are numbered 16b, 17b, 18b, 19b, and 20b. Types of questions include interrogative (regular) questions, multiple answers, situations, chapter and verse references, quoting a Bible verse or finishing a verse. An international tournament is held for the top 5-10 quizzers from each district of the C&MA in the U.S and Canada. Assemblies of God Bible Quiz is sponsored by the Assemblies of God. "Teen Bible Quiz" games feature two teams of three quizzers each, plus
Bible quiz
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side) on the merits of the bible as history. The Bible in History: How Writers Create a Past The Bible in History: How Writers Create a Past, (Pimlico, 1999), is a book by Thomas L. Thompson, Professor of Old Testament at the University of Copenhagen. Its US title is The Mythic Past: Biblical Archaeology and the Myth of Israel. The theme of "The Bible in History" is the need to treat the bible as literature rather than as history. Danny Yee cites a passage: "The Bible's language is not an historical language. It is a language of high literature, of
The Bible in History: How Writers Create a Past
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Bible story Bible stories, Judeo-Christian retellings of certain portions of the Bible, have long had a place in family religious worship, spiritual instruction, literature, and the cultural underpinnings of many Christian and Jewish societies. In many Christian churches, they are regular ingredients of Sunday School curricula. The underlying spiritual principles in many of these stories are also used in preaching and teaching for Judeo-Christian adults as well. The Tanakh, also known as the Old Testament, contains stories about the creation and fall of humanity, the covenant God established with Abraham, and the history of the 'Chosen People' of Israel. The
Bible story
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Greenspoon says, "In sum, biblical humor is certainly not stand-up comedy nor is it especially cerebral either. Rather, it is participatory and fully in keeping with the overall themes and emphases of the Hebrew Bible." Author David A. Peters states that he finds over a thousand "humorous lines and stories" in the Bible. There is general agreement the kind of humor that "can" be found in the Bible becomes apparent when the Bible is viewed as literature. Rev. Marion Daniel Shutter asserts we would find genuine wit if, in literature other than the Bible, we came across sentences such as
The Bible and humor
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Slovak literature Slovak literature is the literature of Slovakia. The first monuments of literature from territory now included in present-day Slovakia are from the time of Great Moravia (from 863 to the early 10th century). Authors from this period are Saint Cyril, Saint Methodius and Clement of Ohrid. Works from this period, mostly written on Christian topics include: the poem "Proglas" as a foreword to the four Gospels, partial translations of the Bible into Old Church Slavonic, "Zakon sudnyj ljudem", etc. The medieval period covers the span from the 11th to the 15th century. Literature in this period was written
Slovak literature
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establishments of the Old Testament are viewed as “types” (patterns). In the New Testament this can also include foreshadowing of people, objects, and events. According to this theory, readings like Noah’s Ark could be understood by using the Ark as a “type” of the Christian church that God designed from the start. This type of interpretation is more often known as mystical interpretation. It purports to explain the events of the Bible and how they relate to or predict what the future holds. This is evident in the Jewish Kabbalah, which attempts to reveal the mystical significance of the numerical
Hermeneutics
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accounts, but regarded the events described as shaped by God to provide types foreshadowing Christ. Others regarded some parts of the Bible as essentially allegorical; however, the typological relationships remained the same whichever view was taken. Paul states the doctrine in Colossians 2:16-17 - "Therefore do not let anyone judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a religious festival, a New Moon celebration or a sabbath day. These are a shadow of the things that were to come; the reality, however, is found in Christ." The idea also finds expression in the Letter to the
Typology (theology)
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to use those particular words or phrases, and whether or not they were effective. This in-context identification can be more relevant and memorable than isolated instruction by the teacher of these types of tools. Most teachers assess and evaluate what students do in Literature Circles. This may involve one or several of the following assessment(s) and evaluation(s): artifacts Literature circle A literature circle is equivalent of an adult book club, but with greater structure, expectation and rigor. The aim is to encourage thoughtful discussion and a love of reading in young people. The true intent of literature circles is "to
Literature circle
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Finally, they are defined by the general cultural movement of the historical period in which they were composed. Genre should not be confused with age categories, by which literature may be classified as either adult, young adult, or children's. They are also not the same as format, such as graphic novel or picture book. Just as there are different types of painting: landscape, still life, portrait; there are different types of literary works. These types tend to share specific characteristics. Genres describe those works which share specific conventions. Genres are often divided into subgenres. Literature is divided into the classic
Literary genre
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of the term in literature on religion and psychology. Lambert defines spiritual abuse as "a type of psychological predomination that could be rightly termed—"religious enslavement"." He further identifies "religious enslavement" as being a product of what is termed in the Bible "witchcraft," or "sorcery." Ronald Enroth in "Churches That Abuse" identifies five categories: Agnes and John Lawless argue in "The Drift into Deception" that there are eight characteristics of spiritual abuse, and some of these clearly overlap with Enroth's criteria. They list the eight marks of spiritual abuse as comprising: The author of "Charismatic Captivation" in a post on the
Religious abuse
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caregivers. Additionally, the Roman Catholic Church recommends that terminally ill patients should receive palliative care, which deals with physical pain while treating psychological and spiritual suffering as well, instead of physician-assisted suicide. While preservation of life is one of the greatest values in Judaism, there are rare instances of suicide and assisted suicide appearing in the Bible and Rabbinic literature. The medieval authorities debate the legitimacy of those measures and in what limited circumstances they might apply. The conclusion of the majority of later rabbinic authorities, and accepted normative practice within Judaism, is that suicide and assisted suicide can not
Assisted suicide
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at the end of 1549 to print Spanish translations of Lucian, Livy, and Plutarch. The reasons are not difficult to understand: his primary interest was publishing Spanish literature, and he knew and trusted the Continental printers more than any in England. In June 1550 his family joined him in Strasbourg. There he built what was effectively a small Spanish publishing house, which for the next two and a half years produced editions of classical works and Old Testament books in Spanish. A second daughter was born in 1551. Enzinas came close to publishing his major life project, a complete Bible
Francisco de Enzinas
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International Bible Training Institute The International Bible Training Institute (IBTI) is an evangelical, Pentecostal Bible college based in Burgess Hill, West Sussex, United Kingdom. It is a residential college and has been involved with Christian mission work and relief work abroad since it was founded by Fred H. Squire in 1947. The college offers three types of Biblical studies. The current directors are John and Eliana Whyte. As a Bible college, the IBTI is run as a charity and accredited by ASIC, which lists the IBTI as being one of their “Premiere Colleges”. Two of the study courses in Applied
International Bible Training Institute