what level does the air quality index have to be above to be considered hazardous
over 300
5190438
the arithmetic mean of a defined subset of these sub-indices. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed an Air Quality Index that is used to report air quality. This AQI is divided into six categories indicating increasing levels of health concern. An AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality and below 50 the air quality is good. The AQI is based on the five "criteria" pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for each of these
Air quality index
5190438
the arithmetic mean of a defined subset of these sub-indices. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed an Air Quality Index that is used to report air quality. This AQI is divided into six categories indicating increasing levels of health concern. An AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality and below 50 the air quality is good. The AQI is based on the five "criteria" pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for each of these
Air quality index
17720619
PM concentration lower than 12 µg/m indicates good air quality and between 12 and 35 µg/m the airquality is moderate. An AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality and below 50 the air quality is good. In December 2013, huge areas of Eastern China reached "hazardous" level for multiple days. 2013 Eastern China smog The 2013 Eastern China smog was a severe air pollution episode that affected East China, including all or parts of the municipalities of Shanghai and Tianjin, and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Zhejiang, during December 2013. A lack of cold air
2013 Eastern China smog
359788
automated optical instruments such as Nephelometers, as haze is associated with visibility and traffic control in ports. Haze however can also be an indication of poor air quality though this is often better reflected using accurate purpose built air indexes such as the American Air Quality Index, the Malaysian API (Air Pollution Index) and the Singaporean Pollutant Standards Index. In hazy conditions, it is likely that the index will report the suspended particulate level. The disclosure of the responsible pollutant is mandated in some jurisdictions. The Malaysian API does not have a capped value; hence its most hazardous readings can
Smog
19090837
Indicator Boards all around the city to monitor the current level of particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O), sulfur dioxide (SO), and carbon monoxide (CO). The board also displays the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI), which is a general indication of air quality based on the measurements of the above-mentioned five pollutants. The Pollution Indicator Boards classify the level of each pollutant as either safe, hazardous or dangerous. In January 2017, Al Arabiya reported that pollution in Tehran has hit a dangerous level on the Air Quality Index. On February 5, 2018 the Air Pollution Monitoring Center announced the
Environmental issues in Tehran
5190419
health, agencies may invoke emergency plans that allow them to order major emitters (such as coal burning industries) to curtail emissions until the hazardous conditions abate. Most air contaminants do not have an associated AQI. Many countries monitor ground-level ozone, particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, and calculate air quality indices for these pollutants. The definition of the AQI in a particular nation reflects the discourse surrounding the development of national air quality standards in that nation. A website allowing government agencies anywhere in the world to submit their real-time air monitoring data for display using a common
Air quality index
2029736
Najib Abdul Razak for Muar and Ledang, Johor as smoke from land-clearing fires in Indonesia pushed air pollution index to above 750. This is the first time in years that air quality has dipped to hazardous level with conditions worsening in as dry weather persists and fires rage in Sumatra. On February 5, 2018, a state of emergency was declared by Maldives's President Abdulla Yameen for 15 days and ordered security forces into the supreme court and arrested a former president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom and the Chief Justice of Honorable Supreme court of Maldives. The Civil Defence Emergency Management Act
State of emergency
8899792
to the slash-and-burn method favoured by several large plantation owners to clear their land, as opposed to a more expensive and inconvenient mechanical approach using excavators and bulldozers. In June 2013, severe haze hit Singapore, pushing the nation's PSI into "Hazardous" levels for the first time in its history. Presently, the highest 3-hour PSI reading on record in Singapore is 471 on 20 October 2015 at 11 pm (GMT+8).</ref> Pollutant Standards Index The Pollutant Standards Index, or PSI, is a type of air quality index, which is a number used to indicate the level of pollutants in air. Initially PSI
Pollutant Standards Index
485495
in July and August. The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Delhi was the most polluted city in the world in 2014. In 2016 WHO downgraded Delhi to eleventh-worst in the urban air quality database. According to one estimate, air pollution causes the death of about 10,500 people in Delhi every year. Air quality index of Delhi is generally Moderate (101-200) level between January to September, and then it drastically deteriorates to Very Poor (301-400), Severe(401-500) or even Hazardous(500+) levels in three months between October to
Delhi
4755450
For each listed source category, EPA indicates whether the sources are considered to be "major" sources or "area" sources. The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments direct EPA to set standards for all major sources of air toxics (and some area sources that are of particular concern). National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants The National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, also using the acronym NESHAP, are emission standards set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency—EPA. The standards are for air pollutants not covered by National Ambient Air Quality Standards—NAAQS, that may cause an increase in fatalities or in
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
2827202
Valley led the nation in 2004 in the number of days with quantities of ozone considered unhealthy by the Environmental Protection Agency. The San Joaquin Valley has been deemed an "extreme non-attainment zone" by the Environmental Protection Agency, meaning residents are exposed to air quality that is confirmed to be hazardous to human health. Although industrial activity, as well as driving, occurs year-round, the air pollution is worse in the winter. San Joaquin County has better air quality than any other region in the San Joaquin Valley, while the Sacramento region and Stanislaus County have the worst. Less water is
San Joaquin Valley
10430418
(Denver-metro area) moving to areas of lower ozone concentrations (rural, mountain areas). State, county, and even local governments can announce Ozone Action Days as much as a day in advance through the monitoring of approaching weather conditions and the Air Quality Index (AQI). The AQI is divided into six levels: the higher the number (on a 0-300 scale), the more severe the ozone threat Air quality index. AQI of greater than 101 is considered dangerous for people with asthma, and asthma sufferers can take necessary precautions to avoid attacks. An AQI above 150 is considered unhealthy for all populations. They
Ozone Action Day
665538
health effects. The degree of wildfire smoke exposure to an individual is dependent on the length, severity, duration, and proximity of the fire. People are exposed directly to smoke via the respiratory tract though inhalation of air pollutants. Indirectly, communities are exposed to wildfire debris that can contaminate soil and water supplies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Air Quality Index (AQI), a public resource that provides national air quality standard concentrations for common air pollutants. The public can use this index as a tool to determine their exposure to hazardous air pollutants based on visibility range. After
Wildfire
14237611
ratios above 1 are possible, and have appeared in regional indexes. The computation of the diversity index is based on the population of each language as a proportion of the total population. The index cannot fully account for the vitality of languages. Also, the distinction between a language and a dialect is fluid and often political. A great number of languages are considered to be dialects of another language by some experts and separate languages by others. The index does not consider how different the languages are from each other, nor does it account for second language usage; it considers
Linguistic diversity index
4323191
be considered for removal from the index if its GNI per capita is above the Index Income Ceiling (IIC) for three consecutive years as well as the country’s long term foreign currency sovereign credit rating (the available ratings from all three agencies: S&P, Moody’s & Fitch) is A-/A3/A- (inclusive) or above for three consecutive years. J.P. Morgan has introduced what is called an “Index Income Ceiling” (IIC), defined as the income level that is adjusted every year by the growth rate of the World GNI per capita, provided by the World Bank as “GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
Emerging market
13297151
than solvents typically used in solvent-based systems, also has a higher margin of safety versus stronger solvents. The following discussion on Air Change Index (ACI) illustrates that less air turnover is needed when using low-odor, isoparaffinic solvent in comparison to other solvent-based systems such as alkyds. Air Change Index (ACI) All solvents should be handled with care, and even though there is some hazard associated with all solvents, the level of hazard can vary widely based on solvent selection and application conditions. However, the question still remains, how can you tell which solvents are less hazardous? The indoor use of
Stain-blocking primer
5190421
Quality Health Index also provides advice on how to improve air quality by proposing behavioural change to reduce the environmental footprint. This index pays particular attention to people who are sensitive to air pollution. It provides them with advice on how to protect their health during air quality levels associated with low, moderate, high and very high health risks. The Air Quality Health Index provides a number from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level of health risk associated with local air quality. On occasion, when the amount of air pollution is abnormally high, the number may exceed 10. The
Air quality index
1362090
iWeatherNet found the assumption to be erroneous given that the heat index/relative humidity relationship and the corresponding equilibrium temperature (the point at which the air temperature and the heat index are equal) are nonlinear. The heat index and humidex figures are based on temperature measurements taken in the shade and not the sun, so extra care must be taken while in the sun. The heat index also does not factor in the effects of wind, which lowers the apparent temperature, unless the air is above body temperature. Sometimes the heat index and the wind chill are denoted collectively by the
Heat index
10137568
a local air quality current value as well as a local air quality maximums forecast for today, tonight and tomorrow and provides associated health advice. As it is now known that even low levels of air pollution can trigger discomfort for the sensitive population, the index has been developed as a continuum: The higher the number, the greater the health risk and need to take precautions. The index describes the level of health risk associated with this number as 'low', 'moderate', 'high' or 'very high', and suggests steps that can be taken to reduce exposure. The measurement is based on
Air pollution
8873476
to the family level, this can be done with the live organisms as well. The BMWP score equals the sum of the tolerance scores of all macroinvertebrate families in the sample. A higher BMWP score is considered to reflect a better water quality. Alternatively, also the Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) score is calculated. The ASPT equals the average of the tolerance scores of all macroinvertebrate families found, and ranges from 0 to 10. The main difference between both indices is that ASPT does not depend on the family richness. Once BMWP and ASPT are calculated, the Lincoln Quality Index
Biological monitoring working party
5190434
different pollutants. The "Common Air Quality Index" (CAQI) is an air quality index used in Europe since 2006. In November 2017, the European Environment Agency announced the "European Air Quality Index" (EAQI) and started encouraging its use on websites and for other ways of informing the public about air quality. , the EU-supported project "CiteairII" argued that the CAQI had been evaluated on a "large set" of data, and described the CAQI's motivation and definition. "CiteairII" stated that having an air quality index that would be easy to present to the general public was a major motivation, leaving aside the
Air quality index
20326484
the Pacific Ocean. University of Washington meteorology professor Cliff Mass said the situation in Seattle with "a smoke cloud so dense one would think it is low stratus deck" was unprecedented in his 30 years of experience. The Air Quality Index reached "hazardous" in Spokane, the worst of six levels; it had reached hazardous the day before in Newport, Washington, the worst in the country. On September 5, Cle Elum-Roslyn School District announced the start of the school year would be postponed, and on the 6th, all classes and events in Ellensburg School District were canceled until September 11, due
2017 Washington wildfires
5190427
1 to 182 and AQI of 100 from day 183 to 365 does provide an annual average of 75, it does "not" mean the pollution is acceptable even if the benchmark of 100 is deemed safe. Because the benchmark is a 24-hour target, and the annual average must match the annual target, it is entirely possible to have safe air every day of the year but still fail the annual pollution benchmark. AQI and Health Implications (HJ 633—2012) The National Air Quality Index (AQI) was launched in New Delhi on September 17, 2014 under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. The Central
Air quality index
10089430
for a long lasting acceptable level of air quality. In June 1995, instead of adopting internationally accepted benchmark index for pollution, it set up the Air Pollution Index as an indicator to pollution levels, both "General" and "Roadside". Air Quality Objectives (AQOs) for seven widespread air pollutants were established in 1987 under the Air Pollution Control Ordinance (APCO), and have not been reviewed since it was set up. It is not clear how the levels are determined. In October 2005, "Task Force on Air Pollution" criticised the Government for deluding itself with a pollution index that is a "meaningless" indicator
Air pollution in Hong Kong
5190431
chart below is grouped by index values and descriptors, according to the National Environment Agency. The Ministry of Environment of South Korea uses the Comprehensive Air-quality Index (CAI) to describe the ambient air quality based on the health risks of air pollution. The index aims to help the public easily understand the air quality and protect people's health. The CAI is on a scale from 0 to 500, which is divided into six categories. The higher the CAI value, the greater the level of air pollution. Of values of the five air pollutants, the highest is the CAI value. The
Air quality index
19327674
readmission does not need to be related to the cause of the initial hospitalization. The time frame was set at 30 days because readmissions during this time can be influenced by the quality of care received at the hospital and how well discharges were coordinated. Readmissions occurring at a later time may not be related to care provided during the index admission, and might be more related to the outpatient care the person receives, their individual health choices and behaviors, and larger community-level factors beyond the control of the hospital. Inclusion criteria for the index admission include: Index admissions are
Hospital readmission
15600659
across Canada. The "Air Quality Health Index" provides a number from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level of health risk associated with local air quality. Occasionally, when the amount of air pollution is abnormally high, the number may exceed 10. The AQHI provides a local air quality current value as well as a local air quality maximums forecast for today, tonight and tomorrow and provides associated health advice. As it is now known that even low levels of air pollution can trigger discomfort for the sensitive population, the index has been developed as a continuum: The higher the number,
Air Quality Health Index (Canada)
5190447
websites: Air quality index An air quality index (AQI) is a number used by government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. As the AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of the population is likely to experience increasingly severe adverse health effects. Different countries have their own air quality indices, corresponding to different national air quality standards. Some of these are the Air Quality Health Index (Canada), the Air Pollution Index (Malaysia), and the Pollutant Standards Index (Singapore). Computation of the AQI requires an air pollutant concentration
Air quality index
5190416
Air quality index An air quality index (AQI) is a number used by government agencies to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. As the AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of the population is likely to experience increasingly severe adverse health effects. Different countries have their own air quality indices, corresponding to different national air quality standards. Some of these are the Air Quality Health Index (Canada), the Air Pollution Index (Malaysia), and the Pollutant Standards Index (Singapore). Computation of the AQI requires an air pollutant concentration over
Air quality index
11909996
Acceptable quality limit The acceptable quality limit (AQL) is the worst tolerable process "average" ("mean") in percentage or ratio that is still considered acceptable; that is, it is at an acceptable quality level. Closely related terms are the rejectable quality limit and rejectable quality level (RQL). In a quality control procedure, a process is said to be at an acceptable quality level if the appropriate statistic used to construct a control chart does not fall outside the bounds of the acceptable quality limits. Otherwise, the process is said to be at a rejectable control level. In 2008 the usage of
Acceptable quality limit
9835683
the standards would be effectively enforced. The US embassy in Beijing regularly posts automated air quality measurements at @beijingair on Twitter. On 18 November 2010, the feed described the PM2.5 AQI (Air Quality Index) as "crazy bad" after registering a reading in excess of 500 for the first time. This description was later changed to "beyond index", a level which recurred in February, October, and December 2011. In June 2012, following strongly divergent disclosures of particulate levels between the Observatory and the US Embassy, Chinese authorities asked foreign consulates to stop publishing "inaccurate and unlawful" data. Officials said it was
Pollution in China
5190439
pollutants in order to protect public health. An AQI value of 100 generally corresponds to the level of the NAAQS for the pollutant. The Clean Air Act (USA) (1990) requires EPA to review its National Ambient Air Quality Standards every five years to reflect evolving health effects information. The Air Quality Index is adjusted periodically to reflect these changes. The air quality index is a piecewise linear function of the pollutant concentration. At the boundary between AQI categories, there is a discontinuous jump of one AQI unit. To convert from concentration to AQI this equation is used: formula_1 where: EPA's
Air quality index
1709359
should be dealt with in a consumer price index has been, and remains, a subject of heated controversy in many countries. Various "s" have been considered, each with their advantages and disadvantages. Leaving aside the quality of public services, the environment, crime and so forth, and regarding the standard of living as a function of the level and composition of individuals' consumption, this standard depends upon the amount and range of goods and services they consume. These include the service provided by rented accommodation, which can readily be priced, and the similar services yielded by a flat or house owned
Consumer price index
17289299
water does not enhance the osmotic pressure to impede the off take of water by the plant roots unlike high salinity water. Clay soils irrigation with high RSC index water leads to fallow alkali soils formation. RSC is expressed in meq/l units. RSC should not be higher than 1 and preferably less than +0.5 for considering the water use for irrigation. The formula for calculating RSC index is: While calculating RSC index, the water quality present at the root zone of the crop should be considered which would take into account the leaching factor in the field. Calcium present in
Residual sodium carbonate index
2309930
in Scandinavian countries such as Sweden and Finland. For example, in Sweden about 24% of households have negative wealth (or zero). This seems to be due to factors such as social insurance programmes (welfare) and the public pension scheme. A Gini index value above 50 is considered high; countries including Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, Botswana, and Honduras can be found in this category. A Gini index value of 30 or above is considered medium; countries including Vietnam, Mexico, Poland, The United States, Argentina, Russia and Uruguay can be found in this category. A Gini index value lower than 30 is
Economic inequality
10137567
Quality Health Index or "AQHI" is a federal program jointly coordinated by Health Canada and Environment Canada. However, the AQHI program would not be possible without the commitment and support of the provinces, municipalities and NGOs. From air quality monitoring to health risk communication and community engagement, local partners are responsible for the vast majority of work related to AQHI implementation. The AQHI provides a number from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level of health risk associated with local air quality. Occasionally, when the amount of air pollution is abnormally high, the number may exceed 10. The AQHI provides
Air pollution
1901473
by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)", and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)". The index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking for some
Human Development Index
7548588
April 3, 2007, recorded an air quality index of 500. In the US, a 300 is considered "Hazardous" and anything over 200 is "Unhealthy". Desertification has intensified in China, as 1,740,000 km² of land is "dry", it disrupts the lives of 400 million people and causes direct economic losses of 54 billion yuan ($7 billion) a year, SFA figures show. These figures probably vastly underestimate, as they just take into account direct effects, without including medical, pollution, and other secondary effects, as well as effects to neighboring nations. El Niño plays a role in Asian dust storms, because winter ice
Asian Dust
2898823
magnitude of the move. Wilder believed that tops and bottoms are indicated when RSI goes above 70 or drops below 30. Traditionally, RSI readings greater than the 70 level are considered to be in overbought territory, and RSI readings lower than the 30 level are considered to be in oversold territory. In between the 30 and 70 level is considered neutral, with the 50 level a sign of no trend. Wilder further believed that divergence between RSI and price action is a very strong indication that a market turning point is imminent. Bearish divergence occurs when price makes a new
Relative strength index
8646727
quality objectives were set in 1987; and pollutant levels are measured over varying periods, in μg/m. There are hourly, 24-hour and annual targets for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and 24-hour and annual targets for particulates. The table below shows the official Health Implications of the respective AQHI levels in Hong Kong. In 1998, the Education Bureau's recommended schools to curtail outdoor activities when the index reached 200, whereas leading healthcare advocates are urging that the level be revised to 100. The World Health Organization revised its air quality guideline levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in 2006
Air Pollution Index
18875216
of 500 on August 24. The city of Spokane, from the fires, reported a rating of 188 on August 24, forcing high school athletics and other outdoor activities to be canceled. By Tuesday, August 25, Environment Canada had posted an Air Quality Health Index alert for cities as far away as Calgary, Alberta——with a score of 12. The Canadian Air Quality Health Index, measured on a scale of one to 10-plus with 10 as "very high risk", is based on measurements of "ozone at ground level, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide". By Wednesday the third day of the thick haze
2015 Washington wildfires
14731959
Environmental issues in Delhi Environmental problems in Delhi, India, are a threat to the well-being of the city's and area's inhabitants as well as the flora and fauna. Delhi, the sixth-most populated metropolis in the world (second largest if the entire NCR is included), is one of the most heavily polluted cities in India, having for instance one of the country's highest volumes of particulate matter pollution. Air quality index of Delhi is generally Moderate (101-200) level between January to September, and then it drastically deteriorates to Very Poor (301-400), Severe(401-500) or even Hazardous(500+) levels in three months between October
Environmental issues in Delhi
11909999
use as a reference during pre-shipment inspection. Acceptable quality limit The acceptable quality limit (AQL) is the worst tolerable process "average" ("mean") in percentage or ratio that is still considered acceptable; that is, it is at an acceptable quality level. Closely related terms are the rejectable quality limit and rejectable quality level (RQL). In a quality control procedure, a process is said to be at an acceptable quality level if the appropriate statistic used to construct a control chart does not fall outside the bounds of the acceptable quality limits. Otherwise, the process is said to be at a rejectable
Acceptable quality limit
15600664
are also considered when reporting the AQHI. Alberta also has rapidly changing air quality conditions quite often (for example during wildfire season) so, Alberta’s AQHI needs to be more responsive than the national AQHI, which is based on a three-hour average. In order to meet these needs, the individual pollutant concentrations are compared to Alberta’s Ambient Air Quality Objectives (AAQOs). The national AQHI is used most of the time; however, if hourly air pollutant concentrations are higher than Alberta’s AAQOs, the AQHI value is replaced (overridden) with the appropriate “High” or “Very High” risk value. This can occur for the
Air Quality Health Index (Canada)
1718098
levels that are unusually high indoors may cause occupants to grow drowsy, to get headaches, or to function at lower activity levels. Outdoor CO levels are usually 350-450 ppm whereas the maximum indoor CO level considered acceptable is 1000 ppm. Humans are the main indoor source of carbon dioxide in most buildings. Indoor CO levels are an indicator of the adequacy of outdoor air ventilation relative to indoor occupant density and metabolic activity. To eliminate most complaints, the total indoor CO level should be reduced to a difference of less than 600 ppm above outdoor levels. The National Institute for
Indoor air quality
14142185
access mandates are general, it may be left to the collecting agency to decide whether and to what extent the data is to be centralized and organized. For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Park Service, and tribal, state, and local agencies coordinate to produce an online mapping and data access tool called AirNow, which provides real-time public access to U.S. air quality index information, searchable by location. Once data are collected and published, they may be used as inputs in mathematical models and forecasts. For example, atmospheric dispersion modeling may be employed
Air quality law
5550985
back to the community, whether through employees volunteering their time or through charitable donations are often considered socially sustainable. Organizations also can encourage education in their communities by training their employees and offering internships to younger members of the community. Practices such as these increase the education level and quality of life in the community. For a business to be truly sustainable, it must sustain not only the necessary environmental resources, but also social resources—including employees, customers (the community), and its reputation. The European community’s Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive restricts the use of certain hazardous materials in the production
Sustainable business
7518692
Caribbean are affected by hunger and malnutrition. Quality and affordability of housing are one of the major concerns in public health. Poor housing conditions can be described as leaks, molds, indoor air pollutant, overcrowding, hazardous structures, affordability of home heating, and poor ergonomics. Housing insecurities are very common among the poor. It is often associated with infectious diseases, lead exposure, injuries, and mental health. According to WHO, medical strategies report, approximately 30% of the global population does not have regular access to exciting medicines. In the poorest parts of Africa and Asia, this percent goes up to 50%. The population
Diseases of poverty
1718085
inspection, one should be able to determine the presence or absence of mold. In a situation where there is visible mold and the indoor air quality may have been compromised, mold remediation may be needed. Mold testing and inspections should be carried out by an independent investigator to avoid any conflict of interest and to insure accurate results; free mold testing offered by remediation companies is not recommended. There are some varieties of mold that contain toxic compounds (mycotoxins). However, exposure to hazardous levels of mycotoxin via inhalation is not possible in most cases, as toxins are produced by the
Indoor air quality
4042948
of air pollution can trigger discomfort for the sensitive population, the index has been developed as a continuum: The higher the number, the greater the health risk and need to take precautions. The index describes the level of health risk associated with this number as 'low', 'moderate', 'high' or 'very high', and suggests steps that can be taken to reduce exposure. Air pollution in British Columbia Air pollution is a concern in British Columbia, Canada because of its effects on health and visibility. Air quality is influenced in British Columbia (BC) by numerous mountain ranges and valleys, which complicate atmospheric
Air pollution in British Columbia
16406428
Indonesian forest fires produced noxious yellow smoke clouds that smothered a vast region of South East Asia, reaching as far as northern Australia. The clouds caused the air quality disaster known as the 1997 South East Asian haze. Millions of people were forced to wear masks and hundreds of death were reported in Indonesia, as a direct or indirect result of a severe decline in air quality. The impact of the haze caused the Air Pollution Index, which is used by Malaysia, to rises to alarmingly hazardous levels. In the Malaysian state of Sarawak, these API numbers hit record levels.
Operation Haze
14142172
end=overview /> Air quality regulation must identify the substances and energies which qualify as "pollution" for purposes of further control. While specific labels vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, there is broad consensus among many governments regarding what constitutes air pollution. For example, the United States Clean Air Act identifies ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), and lead (Pb) as "criteria" pollutants requiring nationwide regulation. EPA has also identified over 180 compounds it has classified as "hazardous" pollutants requiring strict control. Other compounds have been identified as air pollutants due to their adverse impact on the
Air quality law
19648514
resistant bacteria back to their own environments and to other people, resulting in a cycle of dissemination". In 2015, it was found that because of open drainage and severe pollution, the incidence of "disease-causing viruses" in Rio's waterways was measured to be "1.7 million times the level of what would be considered hazardous on a Southern California beach". Following a test event in August 2015, German sailor Erik Heil was found to have been infected with multi-resistant bacteria that are believed to have been connected to the sewage. In 2014, Operation Car Wash, an investigation by the Federal Police of
Concerns and controversies at the 2016 Summer Olympics
5190446
a lack of available data for other pollutants. While the methodology was designed to be robust, the practical application for all metropolitan areas proved to be inconsistent due to the paucity of ambient air quality monitoring data, lack of agreement on weighting factors, and non-uniformity of air quality standards across geographical and political boundaries. Despite these issues, the publication of lists ranking metropolitan areas achieved the public policy objectives and led to the future development of improved indices and their routine application. Some of the following websites display actively updated air quality index maps; others are archived versions of inactive
Air quality index
7931071
"x". This index can be computed for the above examples. For the mechanical impact example, if we differentiate formula_11 once we have formula_28, which does not yet explicitly involve formula_9. However, if we differentiate once more, we can use the differential equation to give formula_30, which does explicitly involve formula_9. Furthermore, if formula_32, we can explicitly determine formula_9 in terms of formula_34. For the ideal diode systems, the computations are considerably more difficult, but provided some generally valid conditions hold, the differential variational inequality can be shown to have index one. Differential variational inequalities with index greater than two are
Differential variational inequality
13576926
up to 100 points; 3) on-farm erosion control, up to 100 points; 4) enduring benefits, up to 50 points; 5) air quality benefits, up to 35 points; and 6) in a state or national priority area, 25 points. Bids only are accepted if they exceed a threshold level that is determined after the total value of the benefits that each bid would provide are compared. The index continues to be adjusted from general signup to general signup. Environmental Benefits Index The Environmental Benefits Index is an index that has been used by the FSA Farm Service Agency of the United
Environmental Benefits Index
1676753
waste is often subject to international treaties. A major concern to many countries in the world has been hazardous waste. The Basel Convention, ratified by 172 countries, deprecates movement of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries. The provisions of the Basel convention have been integrated into the EU waste shipment regulation. Radioactive waste, although considered hazardous, does not fall under the jurisdiction of the Basel Convention. Waste is not something that should be discarded or disposed of with no regard for future use. It can be a valuable resource if addressed correctly, through policy and practise. With rational
Waste management
5190424
responsible for measuring the level of air pollution in China. As of January 1, 2013, MEP monitors daily pollution level in 163 of its major cities. The AQI level is based on the level of six atmospheric pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), suspended particulates smaller than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM), suspended particulates smaller than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM)，carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O) measured at the monitoring stations throughout each city. AQI MechanicsAn individual score (Individual Air Quality Index, IAQI) is assigned to each pollutant and the final AQI is "the highest" of
Air quality index
4381645
as follows: A similar transformation can be made for any index. The above price indices were calculated relative to a fixed base period. An alternative is to take the base period for each time period to be the immediately preceding time period. This can be done with any of the above indices. Here is an example with the Laspeyres index, where formula_12 is the period for which we wish to calculate the index and formula_11 is a reference period that anchors the value of the series: Each term answers the question "by what factor have prices increased between period formula_42
Price index
5190443
York inhabitants - AirNYC. Subscribers get notification about AQI values changes for selected location (eg home address), based on air quality conditions. Real time monitoring data and forecasts of air quality that are color-coded in terms of the air quality index are available from EPA's AirNow web site. Historical air monitoring data including AQI charts and maps are available at EPA's AirData website. Detailed map about current AQI level and its two day forecast is available from Aerostate web site. The AQI made its debut in 1968, when the National Air Pollution Control Administration undertook an initiative to develop an
Air quality index
13825642
the ground. Dust settled across Auckland as well as in the Northland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Taranaki districts of the North Island and it also reached the South Island's West Coast. A second dust storm, originating in the same area but believed to be smaller, reached Broken Hill and Cobar by 10 pm on 25 September 2009. This storm arrived in Sydney between 4 and 5 am on 26 September 2009, it pushed the EPA Air Quality Index into the 'Poor to Hazardous' range. However this was not as intense and had cleared by mid morning. The storm reached
2009 Australian dust storm
16138357
does not cater to the major disadvantages of the h-index including quality of publication and quality of citation. g-index is a variant of the h-index, which takes into account the citation evolution of the most cited papers over time. In other words, the g-index g is the largest rank (where papers are arranged in decreasing order of the number of citations they received) such that the first g papers have (together) at least g^2 citations. " It can be proved that for any set of papers g-index always exists and is unique. formula_1 where the Lotkaian exponent and where T
Scholar Indices and Impact
8899787
Pollutant Standards Index The Pollutant Standards Index, or PSI, is a type of air quality index, which is a number used to indicate the level of pollutants in air. Initially PSI was based on five air pollutants, but since 1 April 2014 it has also included fine particulate matter (PM). In addition to the PSI derived by averaging data collected for the past 24 hours, Singapore also publishes a 3h-PSI based on PM concentrations for the past 3 hours. 1-hr PM concentrations are also published every hour. Besides Singapore, some other countries also use air quality indices. However, the calculations
Pollutant Standards Index
438208
capita income levels, the United States is relatively high, currently ranking 8th. However, the Human Development Index is not considered a measure of living standards, but a measure of "potential" living standards were there no inequality: rather, the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is considered the actual level of human development, taking inequality into account. On the inequality-adjusted HDI, the United States ranked 27th in 2014, tied with Poland. In 2013, the "Economist Intelligence Unit's" Where-to-be-born Index, which takes into account material well-being as measured by GDP per capita, life expectancy, political stability, the quality of family life based on divorce
Standard of living in the United States
17376888
Singapore reached a record high of 401 on 21 June 2013, surpassing the previous record of 226 set during the 1997 Southeast Asian Haze. On 23 June, the Air Pollution Index (API) in Muar, Johor spiked to 746 at 7 a.m. which was almost 2.5 times above the minimum range of the "Hazardous" level thus resulting in the declaration of emergency in Muar and Ledang (which was afterwards lifted on 25 June in the morning), leaving the towns in virtual shutdown. On 19 June 2013, NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites captured images of smoke from illegal wildfires on the Indonesian
2013 Southeast Asian haze
2286397
also carry monitoring equipment by which they can ascertain the quality of the air in the environment. Even if the air quality reading does not indicate any hazardous conditions, it is still recommended that rescuers wear SCBA. Agencies that oversee workplace safety require that persons qualified for confined space rescue operations complete rescue training and exercises annually, at the least, and recommend more frequent training. Numerous agencies in the United States have facilities for technical rescue training and often have a confined space training area. In the USA, confined space rescue is covered under the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Confined space rescue
9662863
be quite important, no matter what process. At 100 °C, wet hay absorbed twice the amount of oxygen of dry hay. There has been conjecture that the complex carbohydrates present in hay break down to simpler sugars, which are more readily oxidized. Charcoal, when freshly prepared, can self-heat and catch fire. This is separate from hot spots which may have developed from the preparation of charcoal. Charcoal that has been exposed to air for a period of eight days is not considered to be hazardous. There are many factors involved, two being the type of wood and the temperature at
Spontaneous combustion
12863236
the period up to 2007: 1 is the highest possible theoretical score, indicating perfect education attainment. All countries considered to be developed countries possess a minimum score of 0.8 or above, although the great majority have a score of 0.9 or above. For ranking based on the Human Development Index, see List of countries by Human Development Index. Education Index The United Nations publishes a Human Development Index every year, which consists of the Education index, GDP Index and Life Expectancy Index. These three components measure the educational attainment, GDP per capita and life expectancy respectively. Before 2010, the Education
Education Index
13243535
FFDI was in the 20s range. McArthur specified a wind averaging period of "more than 5 minutes". A 10-minute period is the most common period used in Australian wind speed measurements and calculated FFDI values using different wind averaging periods cannot be compared. Since wind speed varies considerably over small distances, "observed" FFDI values will vary even more. A fire danger index of between 12 and 25 on the index is generally considered a "high" degree of danger, while a day having a danger index of over 50 is considered a "severe" fire danger rating. Above this level in 2010
McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index
7119833
whose level is to be measured. Since the point of measurement has no electrical components, the technique is a good choice for classified “Hazardous Areas”. The control portion of the system can be located safely away, with the pneumatic plumbing isolating the hazardous from the safe area. Air bubbler systems are a good choice for open tanks at atmospheric pressure and can be built so that high-pressure air is routed through a bypass valve to dislodge solids that may clog the bubble tube. The technique is inherently “self-cleaning”. It is highly recommended for liquid level measurement applications where ultrasonic, float
Level sensor
3786962
year 2.4 million premature deaths from outdoor air pollution could be avoided. Particularly hazardous for health are emissions of black carbon, a component of particulate matter, which is a known cause of respiratory and carcinogenic diseases and a significant contributor to global climate change. The links between greenhouse gas emissions and particulate matter make low carbon transport an increasingly sustainable investment at local level—both by reducing emission levels and thus mitigating climate change; and by improving public health through better air quality. The social costs of transport include road crashes, air pollution, physical inactivity, time taken away from the family
Sustainable transport
7681251
(NSR) Permits and Title V Federal Operating Permits. The Air Quality Division works to protect and restore air quality through four programs: Air Implementation Grants, Air Industrial Emissions Assessment, Air Modeling and Data Analysis, and Air Quality Planning. Oversees all aspects of planning, permitting, and monitoring to protect the state's water resources. The Office of Water is responsible for the implementation of the following major programs: Implements federal and state laws related to the regulation of aboveground and underground petroleum storage tanks, generation, treatment, storage, and disposal of municipal, industrial, low-level radioactive, and hazardous wastes; and the recovery and processing
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
18999045
small incremental increases in decibels correlate to large increases in loudness, and an increase in the risk of hearing loss. Sounds above 80 dB have the potential to cause permanent hearing loss. The intensity of sound is considered too great and hazardous if someone must yell in order to be heard. Ringing in the ears upon leaving work is also indicative of noise that is at a dangerous level. Farming, machinery work, and construction are some of the many occupations that put workers at risk of hearing loss. NIOSH establishes recommended exposure limits (RELs) to protect workers against the health
Occupational hearing loss
742500
exchange market. The concept of purchasing power parity allows one to estimate what the exchange rate between two currencies would have to be to equate the purchasing power of the two currencies. Observed deviations of the exchange rate from purchasing power parity are measured by deviations of the real exchange rate from its PPP value. PPP exchange rates help costing but exclude profits and above all do not consider the different quality of goods among countries. The same product, for instance, can have a different level of quality and even safety in different countries, and may be subject to different
Purchasing power parity
4755446
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants The National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, also using the acronym NESHAP, are emission standards set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency—EPA. The standards are for air pollutants not covered by National Ambient Air Quality Standards—NAAQS, that may cause an increase in fatalities or in serious, irreversible, or incapacitating illness. The standards for a particular source category require the maximum degree of emission reduction that the EPA determines to be achievable, which is known as the Maximum Achievable Control Technology—MACT standards. These standards are authorized by Section 112 of the 1970
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
18999046
effects of exposure to hazardous substances and agents encountered in the workplace. These NIOSH limits are based on the best available science and practices. NIOSH established the REL for occupational noise exposures to be 85 decibels, A-weighted (dB[A]) as an 8-hour time-weighted average. Occupational noise exposure at or above this level are considered hazardous. The REL is based on exposures at work 5 days per week and assumes that the individual spends the other 16 hours in the day, as well as weekends, in quieter conditions. NIOSH also specifies a maximum allowable daily noise dose, expressed in percentages. For example,
Occupational hearing loss
15600668
lessen that risk. The "AQHI" is also recommended for healthy, fit and active people to consult to decide when it is best to exercise or work outdoor. The best way for someone to use the "AQHI" is to regularly check the current index value, to pay attention to personal symptoms and self-calibrate to the reported current "AQHI" value. For example, if symptoms are experienced when the index is a 6, then precaution should be taken when the index is at a 6 or higher by following the corresponding health messages. Then, when an individual knows what number triggers health symptoms,
Air Quality Health Index (Canada)
19173252
influenced national guidelines concerning the criteria to be fulfilled before starting a patient on biological therapy. The DLQI is copyrighted but the originators allow it to be used for routine clinical purposes without seeking permission and without charge. The DLQI has been validated for use on tablets such as the iPad. Dermatology Life Quality Index The Dermatology life Quality Index (DLQI) is a ten-question questionnaire used to measure the impact of skin disease on the quality of life of an affected person. It is designed for people aged 16 years and above. The DLQI was created by Andrew Y Finlay
Dermatology Life Quality Index
18247898
acidification. The stream has "fair" water quality during average flow conditions, but "very poor" water quality during high flow conditions. It requires an additional alkalinity load of per day to be restored to the satisfaction of the East Branch Fishing Creek Restoration Plan. Proposed methods of increasing alkalinity include vertical flow wetlands and road liming. Pigeon Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to metals and pH. The elevation of Pigeon Run near its mouth is above sea level. The elevation of the source is between and above sea level.
Pigeon Run (Sullivan Branch)
3233765
where formula_63 is the index of refraction of air at the observer’s elevation formula_64 above sea level, formula_65 is the index of refraction at elevation formula_66 above sea level, formula_67, formula_68 is the distance from the center of the Earth to a point at elevation formula_66, and formula_70 is distance to the upper limit of the atmosphere at elevation formula_36. The index of refraction in terms of density is usually given to sufficient accuracy (Garfinkel 1967) by the Gladstone–Dale relation Rearrangement and substitution into the absolute air mass integral gives The quantity formula_74 is quite small; expanding the first term
Air mass (astronomy)
404579
to less than and making driving conditions extremely hazardous. Chilling tule fog events have been known to last for several consecutive days or weeks. During Tule fog events, temperatures do not exceed 50 degrees. Snowfall is rare in Sacramento, which is only above sea level. In the downtown area, there have been only 3 significant snow accumulations since 1900, the last one being in 1976. During especially cold winter and spring storms, intense showers do occasionally produce a significant amount of hail, which can create hazardous driving conditions. Snowfall that does fall in the city often melts upon ground contact,
Sacramento, California
12287254
equation formula_8 can be any numbers whatsoever (except that formula_9 cannot be formula_10), and the quadratic formula can be used to quickly and easily find the values of the unknown quantity formula_2 which satisfy the equation. That is to say, to find all the solutions of the equation. Historically, and in current teaching, the study of algebra starts with the solving of equations such as the quadratic equation above. Then more general questions, such as "does an equation have a solution?", "how many solutions does an equation have?", "what can be said about the nature of the solutions?" are considered.
Algebra
16520605
compared to Europeans. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in 1981 to regulate air pollution and there have been some measurable improvements. However, the 2016 Environmental Performance Index ranked India 141 out of 180 countries. In 2015, Government of India, together with IIT Kanpur launched the National Air Quality Index and was launched by Sukhjinder Sharma of Haryana Fuelwood and biomass burning is the primary reason for near-permanent haze and smoke observed above rural and urban India, and in satellite pictures of the country. Fuelwood and biomass cakes are used for cooking and general heating needs.
Air pollution in India
15600660
the greater the health risk and need to take precautions. The index describes the level of health risk associated with this number as ‘low’, ‘moderate’, ‘high’ or ‘very high’, and suggests steps that can be taken to reduce exposure. The formulation of the national AQHI is based on the observed relationship of nitrogen dioxide (NO), ground-level ozone (O) and fine particulate matter (PM) with mortality from an analysis of several Canadian cities. Significantly, all three of these pollutants can pose health risks, even at low levels of exposure, especially among those with pre-existing health problems. When developing the AQHI, Health
Air Quality Health Index (Canada)
5190445
to yield individual pollutant indices. These indices were then weighted and summed to form a single total air quality index. The overall methodology could use concentrations that are taken from ambient monitoring data or are predicted by means of a diffusion model. The concentrations were then converted into a standard statistical distribution with a preset mean and standard deviation. The resultant individual pollutant indices are assumed to be equally weighted, although values other than unity can be used. Likewise, the index can incorporate any number of pollutants although it was only used to combine SOx, CO, and TSP because of
Air quality index
2256191
and are considered during decision-making processes. In some organizations these can be KPIs. In the following table project level tolerances are summarized: Benefits can have as target the cost of the benefit, but the cost tolerance above is related to the cost of the project, not the cost of the benefit. Each management level is checked against these tolerances, coming from the upper level. PRINCE2 is based on seven principles and these cannot be tailored. The PRINCE2 principles can be described as a mindset that keeps the project aligned with the PRINCE2 methodology. If a project does not adhere to
PRINCE2
15636839
reading, math and sciences) has replaced students' reading skills to have a broader view." Some argue that some of the criteria are vague and question the purpose of such measure, for example, they question, "what really constitutes “environmental quality”? Can it result in population control policy to minimize damage to the environment? While others argue that the Better Life Index unlike the Gross National Happiness Index does not pay attention to religion. Critics also state that the Better Life Index ignores good family life, or moral formation. Others have criticized its methodology such as the use of relative scores instead
OECD Better Life Index
1966968
used when titrating FIO2. A reliable target of Spo2 is greater than 95%. Different strategies exist to find the level of PEEP in these patients with ARDS guided by esophageal pressure, Stress Index, static airway pressure-volume curve. In such patients, some experts recommend limiting PEEP to low levels (~10cmH2O). In patients who have diffused loss of aeration PEEP can be used provided it does not cause the plateau pressure to rise above the upper inflection point. Most modern ventilators have basic monitoring tools. There are also monitors that work independently of the ventilator which allow for measuring patients after the
Mechanical ventilation
167067
include: A Gini index value above 50 is considered high; countries including Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, Botswana, and Honduras can be found in this category. A Gini index value of 30 or above is considered medium; countries including Vietnam, Mexico, Poland, The United States, Argentina, Russia and Uruguay can be found in this category. A Gini index value lower than 30 is considered low; countries including Austria, Germany, Denmark, Slovenia, Sweden and Ukraine can be found in this category. The Gini coefficient is a relative measure. Its proper use and interpretation is controversial. It is possible for the Gini coefficient
Gini coefficient
18250941
deficient in alkalinity. Quinn Run has "good" water quality during average flow conditions and "very poor" water quality during high flow conditions. However, several methods have been proposed to improve its water quality by increasing alkalinity. These methods include the addition of vertical flow wetlands at the stream's headwaters, forest surface liming, and road liming. Quinn Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by atmospheric deposition due to pH. The elevation near the mouth of Quinn Run is above sea level. The elevation of the stream's source is between and . Most of Quinn
Quinn Run
15600656
Air Quality Health Index (Canada) The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a scale designed in Canada to help understand the impact of air quality on health. It is a health protection tool used to make decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during increased levels of air pollution. The Air Quality Health Index also provides advice on how to improve air quality by proposing behavioral change to reduce the environmental footprint. This index pays particular attention to people who are sensitive to air pollution. It provides them with advice on how to protect their
Air Quality Health Index (Canada)
583751
happiness, as much as it can be measured, does not necessarily increase correspondingly with the comfort that results from increasing income. As a result, standard of living should not be taken to be a measure of happiness. Also sometimes considered related is the concept of human security, though the latter may be considered at a more basic level and for all people. Unlike "per capita" GDP or standard of living, both of which can be measured in financial terms, it is harder to make objective or long-term measurements of the quality of life experienced by nations or other groups of
Quality of life
20333940
and commercial use should be most important such as economic and transportation data. In 2011 the Open Government Partnership was created requiring governments globally to adhere to standards relating to open government, including transparency, anti-corruption and promote technological innovation, and has been adopted by 72 countries, with more considered as eligible partners. Other efforts include the Global Open Data Index (GODI), a crowdsourced index that scores and evaluates the openness of government data from a civic perspective. GODI tries to answer the question of how government's publish data and thus far does not assess the quality of data published. The
Data politics
13238900
poor, it does have relatively high human development indicators. Previous critique suggested that the Index was limited to the 48 Sub-Saharan African countries, ignoring Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. To be a fully representative Index of African Governance, as it claimed, it needed to expand its coverage to include North Africa. The 2009 index included these countries. "*Sudan and South Sudan are not included in the IIAG." Ibrahim Index of African Governance The Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG), established in 2007, provides an annual assessment of the quality of governance in African countries. Compiled by combining over 100
Ibrahim Index of African Governance
10883817
taken in an automated system would be much less significant. At the other end of the scale, in a selective index only the most important aspects are covered. Recall is reduced in a selective index as if an indexer does not include enough terms, a highly relevant article may be overlooked. Therefore indexers should strive for a balance and consider what the document may be used. They may also have to consider the implications of time and expense. The specificity describes how closely the index terms match the topics they represent An index is said to be specific if the
Subject indexing
98253
exposed to sound levels above 90 dBA according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Regulations state that the permissible noise exposure levels for individuals is 90 dBA. For the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), exposure limits are set to 85 dBA. Exposures below 85 dBA are not considered to be hazardous. Time limits are placed on how long an individual can stay in an environment above 85 dBA before it causes hearing loss. OSHA places that limitation at 8 hours for 85 dBA. The exposure time becomes shorter as the dBA level increases. Within the
Dentistry
11956726
to run as close to the index as possible without breaking out. In the IHRA, the class is called Quick Rod. It is the fastest of the three Rod Classes. Besides dragsters, there are also doorslammers, altereds and roadsters. At race tracks where the altitude is above 1,500 feet above sea level (mostly in Divisions 5, 6, and 7 in the NHRA), tracks will have an Altitude Correction Factor multiplied into the index time. The index time will be multiplied by the Altitude Correction Factor to obtain the official time used by the NHRA. At Bandimere Speedway, the index is
Super Comp
13210513
Küpper et al. say that oxygen concentration between 17.0–14.8% does not cause any risk for healthy people by hypoxia. It also does not cause risks for people with chronic diseases of moderate severity. Pressurized aircraft cabins are typically maintained at 75 kPa, the pressure found at altitude, resulting in an oxygen partial pressure of about 16 kPa, which is the same as a 15% oxygen concentration in a hypoxic-air application at sea-level pressure. However, passengers are sedentary and crew members have immediate access to supplemental oxygen. Hypoxic air is to be considered clean air and not contaminated air when assessing
Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention
17743520
software suppliers make claims that their products have been certified or otherwise accredited to ASIL D, ease development to ASIL D, or are otherwise suitable to or supportive of development of items to ASIL D. Any product able to comply with ASIL D requirements would also comply with any lower level. Referring to "Quality Management", the level QM means that risk associated with a hazardous event is not unreasonable and does not therefore require safety measures in accordance with ISO 26262. Given ASIL is a relatively recent development, discussions of ASIL often compare its levels to levels defined in other
Automotive Safety Integrity Level
18660291
Health Organization. Among the 10 most polluted cities in the world, China has seven. In Jan 2013, only five days were not occupied by haze and fog. In Oct 2014, the air quality index in Beijing reached a peak of 470, far beyond the severe pollution level of 300; meanwhile, the situation was even more serious in the neighboring province of Hebei, whose PM2.5 particles climbed above 500 micrograms per cubic meter—northern China was blanketed by the heavy air pollution, forcing the Chinese authorities to raise its pollution alert from yellow to orange, which was the second highest. NOTES: APEC
APEC blue
6437638
or sell signal will be in force only 20 to 30 percent of the time. When the CCI moves above +100, a security is considered to be entering into a strong uptrend and a buy signal is given. The position should be closed when the CCI moves back below +100. When the CCI moves below −100, the security is considered to be in a strong downtrend and a sell signal is given. The position should be closed when the CCI moves back above −100. Since Lambert's original guidelines, traders have also found the CCI valuable for identifying reversals. The CCI
Commodity channel index