what was the first satellite state to break away from the ussr
Estonia
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liberalization. On December 23, 1986, the most prominent Soviet dissident, Andrei Sakharov, returned to Moscow shortly after receiving a personal telephone call from Gorbachev telling him that after almost seven years his internal exile for defying the authorities was over. The Baltic republics, forcibly reincorporated into the Soviet Union in 1944, pressed for independence, beginning with Estonia in November 1988 when the Estonian legislature passed laws resisting the control of the central government. While Gorbachev had loosened Soviet control over Eastern Europe, he had made it known that Baltic separatism would not be tolerated and be met with embargoes and
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
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of the people of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to break away from the USSR. On 11 March 1990, the Supreme Council announced the restoration of Lithuania's independence. Lithuania became the first Soviet occupied state to announce restitution of independence. On 20 April 1990, the USSR imposed an economic blockade by stopping to deliver supplies of raw materials (primarily oil) to Lithuania. Not only the domestic industry, but also the population started feeling the lack of fuel, essential goods, and even hot water. Although the blockade lasted for 74 days, Lithuania did not renounce the declaration of independence. Gradually, the economic
Lithuania
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coverage on Program 3, Program 4 and Leningrad Television as well as the republican channels in Belarus, Ukraine (football) and Estonia (sailing). The other republican stations also simulcast and highlighted the entire event. In 1988, the USSR-built Gorizont satellite was launched, providing television programming to much of Europe and northern Africa, and even eastern parts of the Americas. The programmes of all the Eastern European socialist republics, including the CT USSR channels, were broadcast on the satellite. Significant changes to CT USSR were made in the 1980s as the USSR underwent economic and popular political changes brought about by the
Soviet Central Television
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1989 saw an extraordinary event in USSR history as state borders called "the metal grating" were knocked down enabling people to cross the Aras. In early 1990, the Supreme Council of the Nakhchivan SSR passed a shocking decision to secede from the USSR. Proceeding from the Kars agreement, the autonomous republic's legislature asked Turkey, Iran, the UN and other international organizations for help. The decision came like thunder from a clear sky. It was the first time in USSR history when a decision to break away from it was passed by an autonomous republic, not even a fully-fledged republic. Sadarak
Sadarak District
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China regarding the USSR's rapprochement with the West, and what Mao Zedong perceived as Khrushchev's revisionism, led to the Sino–Soviet split. This resulted in a break throughout the global Marxist–Leninist movement, with the governments in Albania, Cambodia and Somalia choosing to ally with China in place of the USSR. During this period of the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Soviet Union continued to realize scientific and technological exploits in the Space Race, rivaling the United States: launching the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1 in 1957; a living dog named Laika in 1957; the first human being, Yuri Gagarin in
Soviet Union
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would prohibit Sunday shopping, a move supported by Polish bishops. A 2018 new Polish law banning almost all trade on Sundays has taken effect, with large supermarkets and most other retailers closed for the first time since liberal shopping laws were introduced in the 1990s. The Law and Justice party, whose lawmakers passed the legislation with the support of Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki. The survival of Solidarity was an unprecedented event not only in Poland, a satellite state of the USSR ruled (in practice) by a one-party Communist regime, but the whole of the Eastern bloc. It meant a break
Solidarity (Polish trade union)
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satellites are robotic spacecraft, as are many landers and rovers. The first robotic spacecraft was launched by the Soviet Union (USSR) on 22 July 1951, a suborbital flight carrying two dogs Dezik and Tsygan. Four other such flights were made through the fall of 1951. The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was put into a Earth orbit by the USSR) on 4 October 1957. On 3 November 1957, the USSR orbited Sputnik 2. Weighing , Sputnik 2 carried the first living animal into orbit, the dog Laika. Since the satellite was not designed to detach from its launch vehicle's upper
Robotic spacecraft
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Launch Center by Long March rockets. The two satellites were the first U.S.-built satellites to be approved by the Reagan administration for launch on Chinese rockets. To break into the commercial launch market, the Chinese offered to launch for less than half of what a U.S. launch company would charge. Optus B1 was moved to Junk orbit in May 2008. Satellite Control Processor On 21 May 2005 services were temporarily lost when the Primary Satellite Control Processor failed. The satellite was switched to use the Backup SCP in order to restore services. Thereafter the satellite continued to operate from the
Optus (satellite)
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Reuters reported that the ice shelf could collapse into the ocean within "weeks or months". The shelf was then only held up by a very thin strip of ice (varying from 2 km to 500 meters at the narrowest), which made it very vulnerable to cracks and fissures. If the strip were to break, it would release the ice shelf, which now has the area of the state of Connecticut (about 14,000 km²). Satellite evidence from 2 April 2009 led ESA analysts to conclude that the collapse of the strip (which would result in a partial break-away from the Antarctic
Wilkins Sound
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speech at the 28th Congress. Gorbachev's visit to the Lithuanian capital Vilnius on January 11–13, 1990, provoked a pro-independence rally attended by an estimated 250,000 people. On March 11, the newly elected parliament of the Lithuanian SSR elected Vytautas Landsbergis, the leader of Sąjūdis, as its chairman and proclaimed the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, making Lithuania the first Soviet Republic to break away from the USSR. Moscow reacted with an economic blockade keeping the troops in Lithuania ostensibly "to secure the rights of ethnic Russians". On March 25, 1990, the Estonian Communist Party voted to
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
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Union (USSR) and the Mongolian People's Republic. The population, numbering roughly 300,000 at the time and largely nomadic, adhered mainly to Tibetan Buddhism ("Lamaism") and Tengrism and lived under feudal conditions. Its first Prime Minister was Donduk Kuular, a Buddhist monk. Formally independent, the country (which suffered continuous political unrest and several anti-Bolshevik rebellions) was viewed abroad as a Soviet satellite state. Despite this Prime Minister Donduk enacted distinctly non-Soviet policies, heavily leaning towards theocracy in opposition to the state atheism of the contemporary USSR. In 1928 a law was passed making Lamaism the official state religion and legally restricting
1929 Tuvan coup d'état
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the end of World War II, most eastern and central European countries were occupied by the Soviet Union, and along with the USSR made up what is sometimes called the Soviet Empire. The Soviets remained in these countries after the war's end. Through a series of coalition governments including Communist parties, and then a forced liquidation of coalition members disliked by the Soviets, Stalinist systems were established in each country. Stalinists gained control of existing governments, police, press and radio outlets in these countries. Soviet satellite states in Europe included: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia is sometimes referred to
Satellite state
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Russian Satellite Communications Company Federal State Unitary Enterprise «Satellite Communications» () or Russian Satellite Communications Company is the main state operator of communications satellites. It is the Russian operator for the international satellite communications systems Intelsat, Eutelsat and Intersputnik, cooperating with these organizations and handling international account settlements. As the national satellite operator RSCC meets the important state tasks on providing mobile presidential and governmental communications, federal TV & Radio signal transmission over the territory of Russia and the most countries of the world. The Company began its way in February 1968 when the USSR Ministry of Communications created “Union
Russian Satellite Communications Company
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March 1965, Programme Three commenced broadcasting. It was originally an educational channel. This channel was shown only in the major cities in the European USSR (e.g. Moscow and Leningrad), and its programming was co-produced with the USSR Ministry of Education, oriented towards the nation's student population at all levels from pre-school till college. In 1965, CT USSR established a satellite network to expand the television service nationwide. In 1967, the all-new, youth, sport and entertainment network Programme 4 was launched. Programme 3, which was from the beginning available to Moscow only, began broadcasting to the entire USSR via satellite in
Soviet Central Television
9608565
was concluded. The treaty with the German Democratic Republic was rescinded by the USSR on June 2, 1991, following confusions about its continued applicability after the German reunification. On October 20, 1988, the USSR acceded to the Brussels Convention about measures against the unauthorized (re-)distribution of satellite transmissions. The treaty became effective for Russia from January 20, 1989 on. When the Soviet Union was dissolved, Russia as the largest successor state adopted all international obligations of the former USSR, including its membership to the UCC. Consequently, Russia was henceforth considered a member of the UCC (in the 1952 Geneva text)
Copyright law of Russia
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Sudan. During his 1980 State of the Union Address, President Jimmy Carter explained how all of humanity benefited from the presence of American spy satellites: Additionally, companies such as GeoEye and DigitalGlobe have provided commercial satellite imagery in support of natural disaster response and humanitarian missions. During the 1950s, a Soviet hoax had led to American fears of a bomber gap. In 1968, after gaining satellite photography, the United States' intelligence agencies were able to state with certainty that "No new ICBM complexes have been established in the USSR during the past year." President Lyndon B. Johnson told a gathering
Reconnaissance satellite
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Nera White for on the Nashville team for eleven years. Crawford noted, "We knew almost what each other was going to do. We didn't have to look or aim. A lot of times, in a fast break, I'd just throw it down to Nera, she'd just throw it down to me." With the US National team, Crawford won the World Championship in 1957, and the 1959 and 1963 Pan American Games. The World Championship game was against the USSR, the first time the USA had faced the USSR in a major competition. The USA came into the final with a
Joan Crawford (basketball)
19921397
Eden his plan of German break up: Austria should have become an independent state again. British, having no plans for such a distant future, had nothing against. During 1942–1943 the attitude of the Allies to the Austrian question changed: leaders of the USSR have not suggested any new schemes, while British seriously took Austrian future. On September 26, 1942 Eden read out Churchill's plan of creation of a "Danube confederation" composed of former Austria, Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia – a vast buffer state that would have separated Western Europe from the USSR. In the Spring of 1943 a 34 year
Austria – the Nazis' first victim
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first satellite, but later renamed after the popular French comics character Astérix. Due to the relatively high altitude of its orbit, it is not expected to re-enter Earth's atmosphere for several centuries. Astérix (satellite) Astérix, the first French satellite, was launched on November 26, 1965 by a Diamant A rocket from the CIEES launch site at Hammaguir, French Algeria. With "Astérix", France became the sixth country to have an artificial satellite in orbit after the USSR ("Sputnik 1", 1957), the United States ("Explorer 1", 1958), the United Kingdom ("Ariel 1", 1962), Canada ("Alouette 1", 1962), and Italy ("San Marco 1",
Astérix (satellite)
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in the mid-1980s, large structures such as those considered in the late-1970s for building solar power stations in Earth orbit, and anti-satellite warfare using systems tested by the USSR, the U.S., and China over the past 30 years. Such aggressive activities could set up a situation where a single satellite failure could lead to cascading failures of many satellites in a period much shorter than years. During the 1980s, NASA and other U.S. groups attempted to limit the growth of debris. One effective solution was implemented by McDonnell Douglas on the Delta booster, by having the booster move away from
Space debris
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Astérix (satellite) Astérix, the first French satellite, was launched on November 26, 1965 by a Diamant A rocket from the CIEES launch site at Hammaguir, French Algeria. With "Astérix", France became the sixth country to have an artificial satellite in orbit after the USSR ("Sputnik 1", 1957), the United States ("Explorer 1", 1958), the United Kingdom ("Ariel 1", 1962), Canada ("Alouette 1", 1962), and Italy ("San Marco 1", 1964), and the third to launch a satellite on its own (the UK, Canada and Italy's satellites were launched on American rockets). The satellite was originally designated A-1, as the French Army's
Astérix (satellite)
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The signals would have to pass through the largest amount of atmosphere, and could even be blocked by land topography, vegetation or buildings. In the USSR, a practical solution was developed for this problem with the creation of special Molniya / Orbita inclined path satellite networks with elliptical orbits. Similar elliptical orbits are used for the Sirius Radio satellites. The concept was first proposed by Herman Potočnik in 1928 and popularised by the science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke in a paper in "Wireless World" in 1945. Working prior to the advent of solid-state electronics, Clarke envisioned a trio of
Geosynchronous satellite
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satellite returned to the Earth's atmosphere on 11 February 1992. Aryabhata (satellite) Aryabhata (Hindi: आर्यभट) was India's first satellite, named after the famous Indian astronomer of the same name. It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation.The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return
Aryabhata (satellite)
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win the cup twice. USSR Federation Cup The Cup of Football Federation of USSR was the official name for a short-lived premier Soviet football (soccer) competition similar to the USSR Cup that exclusively featured Soviet Top League competitors. For short it was called the "Federation's Cup". The first experience of the League Cup in the USSR can be considered All-Union Committee of Physical Culture and Sports Tournament in 1952. The USSR Federation Cup was comparable to the English League Cup which allows only clubs from the FA Premier League and The Football League. The competition was disbanded upon the break-up
USSR Federation Cup
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USSR Federation Cup The Cup of Football Federation of USSR was the official name for a short-lived premier Soviet football (soccer) competition similar to the USSR Cup that exclusively featured Soviet Top League competitors. For short it was called the "Federation's Cup". The first experience of the League Cup in the USSR can be considered All-Union Committee of Physical Culture and Sports Tournament in 1952. The USSR Federation Cup was comparable to the English League Cup which allows only clubs from the FA Premier League and The Football League. The competition was disbanded upon the break-up of the Soviet Union
USSR Federation Cup
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Aryabhata (satellite) Aryabhata (Hindi: आर्यभट) was India's first satellite, named after the famous Indian astronomer of the same name. It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation.The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching Indian satellites. Aryabhatta is the first man made
Aryabhata (satellite)
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that year it became the first university to offer educational services via a telecommunication satellite.” An NTU innovation soon made it possible to broadcast two analog channels on the same transponder and a few years later (1991) NTU pioneered the transition on satellite networks from analog to digital video achieving a sixfold increase in channel capacity. “By 1992...NTU could state that it was the first university or broadcast network to convert its satellite network from analog video to compressed digital video, thus pushing the boundaries of what was possible in satellite transmission.” "One of the pioneer virtual institutions, National Technological
National Technological University (United States)
87330
The eastern part of Central Asia, known as East Turkistan or Xinjiang, was incorporated into the People's Republic of China. Mongolia remained independent but became a Soviet satellite state. Afghanistan remained relatively independent of major influence by the USSR until the Saur Revolution of 1978. The Soviet areas of Central Asia saw much industrialization and construction of infrastructure, but also the suppression of local cultures, hundreds of thousands of deaths from failed collectivization programs, and a lasting legacy of ethnic tensions and environmental problems. Soviet authorities deported millions of people, including entire nationalities, from western areas of the USSR to
Central Asia
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Volodymyr Ivanenko Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Ivanenko () was founder of the first nongovernmental cable and essential television network in the USSR (1988); initiator and organizer of the first direct satellite broadcast from the territory of the former USSR (1994); founder of the first nongovernmental TV stations in Ukraine: TONIS and TET; television and cinema producer; and public figure. His father was a career military man. From 1961 to 1971 he attended a school in Simferopol. In 1974 he enrolled into Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding in Mykolaiv, and successfully graduated in 1980. After graduation from the National University of Shipbuilding,
Volodymyr Ivanenko
11844504
focus of Philippine women writers – first in poetry and then prose – in order to break away from what was termed the “Great Grand Silence of the Centuries”. Creating an image unique to themselves – through their own individual efforts – became the norm. There was criticism against the "Maria Clara" image portrayed by the Philippine paladin, José Rizal, as well as critiques and feminine disapproval of how Filipino men writers wrote about women. Contemporary feminist female writers were also inclined to break away from the traditional, idealized and typecast image of the Filipina of the past as matriarchal
Filipino women writers
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include an original 1957 Russian Sputnik, the world’s first space satellite (one of several backups built by the USSR) and the U.S. response, a Vanguard satellite made from surviving parts of the actual American satellite that blew up on the launch pad. One of two known Anastatic Facsimiles of the original 1776 U.S. Declaration of Independence, made directly from the original using a wet-copy process. The Harmonia Macrocosmica by Andreaus Cellarius. This 1660 atlas included the first published heliocentric depiction of the solar system – “the first published maps where Earth was not the center of the solar system," Walker
The Library of the History of Human Imagination
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(such as Australia's SBS and the United Kingdom's Sky News). CT USSR, at the same time, started a number of new programme strands and formats, including talk shows. On 4 March 1988, emphasizing the Glasnost campaign, Programme 3 and Programme 4, plus Leningrad Television began to be carried across the Soviet territory via satellite. Private TV channels such as ATV and 2×2 were also introduced ending the state monopoly on television broadcasting. By 1990, CTV-USSR debuted its first joint international partnership program with the American Broadcasting Company, entitled "Capital to Capital". Upon the total dissolution of the country on 25
Soviet Central Television
9482009
that no longer exists. Their stories provide an insight into the break-up of the former Soviet Union as well as a reflection of what life has become without Communism. Since filming started 14 years ago, some of the youngsters have left the former USSR to go to Israel or the United States, some have stayed in their family home, but all have had their lives changed. Archival footage of them at the ages of seven and 14, and now new material at 21, shows life in a society that was once shut off from the world. The documentary was followed
Born in the USSR: 21 Up
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Xinjiang's independence. He was also one of the composers of the Declaration of the People's Republic of East Turkistan, the first ethnic Uighur state, albeit one of the earliest satellite states of the USSR. Yüniç was also an education minister of the unrecognized state, while working as an editor of the "Free East Turkistan Gazette". He died during a typhus epidemic. The Soviet Union later dropped its support for the secessionist state, which collapsed and was reabsorbed into China. Xabib Yunich Khabib Yunich (, ; , in Uyghur; 1905–1945) was a politician, pedagogue, and journalist in the Xinjiang province of
Xabib Yunich
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he had created. From early 2006 and up until his death, Ivanenko was the CEO of Slavonic Channel International (SCI), and working on its updated concept of broadcasting since 2005. Vladimir Ivanenko died on October 15, 2006. He is buried in Baikove cemetery in Kyiv. Volodymyr Ivanenko Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Ivanenko () was founder of the first nongovernmental cable and essential television network in the USSR (1988); initiator and organizer of the first direct satellite broadcast from the territory of the former USSR (1994); founder of the first nongovernmental TV stations in Ukraine: TONIS and TET; television and cinema producer; and
Volodymyr Ivanenko
6280127
Ekran Ekran (, ""Screen"") was a Soviet-Russian type of geostationary satellite, developed for a national system of Direct-To-Home television. The first satellite of Ekran series was launched in 1976. Each satellite in the Ekran series was designed to provide one TV and 2 radio program channels to cable TV systems throughout the USSR and to individual home receivers in northern Siberia. Ekran's downlink is in the UHF range. Early Ekran satellites used orbital positions in the range from 48 degrees E to 95 degrees E, but recent Ekrans, including the current Ekran 20, have been stationed at 99 degrees E.
Ekran
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out too early causing the satellite to only reach lower orbit. Asif Siddiqi speculated that even though this mission was a failure the USSR scientists were still able to use Cosmos 159 for its intended purpose. Kosmos 159 fell back to earth November 11, 1967. Kosmos 159 Kosmos 159 was one of many satellites designed the Soviet Space Program given the Kosmos (satellite) designation. This satellite specifically was designed to be a high orbit satellite used in order to gain information on trajectory anomalies caused by the moons gravitational pull. This data would have been vital to the USSR space
Kosmos 159
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transmissions in PAL was instituted. However, little came of these experiments. By 1985 there were 6,078,500 licensed televisions, or 36.5 for every 100 persons. In 1988, the USSR-built Gorizont satellite was launched, providing television programming to much of Europe and northern Africa, and even eastern parts of the Americas. The programmes of all the Eastern European socialist republics, including DDR-F1, were broadcast on the satellite. In 1989, the GDR made an attempt to bring its young people closer to the state and distract them from the media of the West. A new young-person's programme, "Elf 99" (1199 being the postal
Deutscher Fernsehfunk
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USSR citizen who became a US citizen but returned to Russia for a time during the crisis. After more or less stabilizing after the disintegration of the USSR, a severe financial crisis took place in the Russian Federation in August 1998. It was caused by low oil prices and government expenditure cuts after the end of the Cold War. Other nations of the former Soviet Union also experienced economic collapse, although a number of crises also involved armed conflicts, like in the break-away region Chechnya. The default by Russia on its government bonds in 1998 led to the collapse of
Economic collapse
11724301
hours (). According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, "ITA" measures between 61.87 and 66.09 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.051 and 0.079. The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" derives an albedo of 0.0461 and a diameter of 61.93 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.0. This minor planet was named in 1979, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the USSR Academy of Sciences Institute for Theoretical Astronomy (ITA), in what
1735 ITA
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attained speeds in excess of Mach 2. Finally, the MiG-23 was the Soviet Union's first variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft, and the MiG-25 was Russia's first jet capable of reaching Mach 3. Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite ever launched. On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik 1 into orbit and received transmissions from it. Sputnik 1 was designed to be the forerunner for multiple satellite missions. The technology constantly underwent upgrades as the weight of satellites increased. The first notable failure occurred during Sputnik 4, an unmanned test of the Vostok capsule. A guidance system malfunction pointed
Soviet rocketry
1930879
a propeller could have shaken the fragile craft to pieces. At 2,000 meters, the tail was seen to break away from the rest of Immelmann's Fokker, the wings detached or folded, and what remained of the fuselage fell straight down, carrying the 25-year-old Oberleutnant to his death. His body was recovered by the German 6 Armee from the twisted wreckage, lying smashed and lifeless over what was left of the surprisingly intact Oberursel engine (sometimes cited as under it), but was only identified because he had his initials embroidered on his handkerchief. Immelmann was given a state funeral and buried
Max Immelmann
9418705
of Genghis Khan. The Darkhads and their descendants faithfully carried out their assignment from the Khan’s death in 1227 until the establishment of the Mongolian People's Republic, a satellite state of the USSR, in 1924. The Soviets feared that if the region were made publicly accessible memories of Genghis Khan would encourage Mongolian nationalism, so they declared the land a 'Highly Restricted Area' and cordoned off 10,400 square-kilometers of surrounding land. The first archeological expedition to the region was the 1989 "Three Rivers" expedition, which was carried out by a joint Mongolian–Japanese team with the support of the Yomiuri Shimbun
Ikh Khorig
8828604
in 1982 and the USSR Championship in 1983. After social and political changes in the USSR, the club could no longer perform at the highest level being relegated at the conclusion of the 1988–89 season. The club kept on playing in the second division for another three seasons and decided to stop its women's volleyball activities in 1992. After a 12-year break, the club was re-established on 12 May 2004. It entered the Super League in the 2004–05 season and the team proved to be competitive right away, finishing second that year. The success came shortly after the club won
WVC Dynamo Moscow
11067480
remarked that for the first time a scientific analysis of a UFO would stand up to investigation. Lundahl gathered the NPIC staff on August 19, 1960, to show them the images from the first photoreconnaissance satellite, Discoverer 14, to fly with its camera. Introducing "something new and great we've got here." First showing a map of the Eastern Europe USSR, which previously had had a narrow line of photography from a U-2 high-altitude photographic aircraft, the new one had eight broad swaths running north to south across the USSR and Eastern Europe, covering over one-fifth of their total area. They
Arthur C. Lundahl
8733539
dubbed the "Space Race". The race began in 1957, when both the US and the USSR made statements announcing they planned to launch artificial satellites during the 18 month long International Geophysical Year of July 1957 to December 1958. On July 29, 1957, the US announced a planned launch of the Vanguard by the spring of 1958, and on July 31, the USSR announced it would launch a satellite in the fall of 1957. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite of Earth in the history of mankind. On November 3, 1957, the
History of spaceflight
315728
break the Dynasty of Tondo's monopoly in the China trade by attacking Tondo and defeating Rajah Gambang and then establishing the State of Selurong (Kingdom of Maynila) as a Bruneian satellite-state. A new dynasty under the Islamized Rajah Salalila was also established to challenge the House of Lakandula in Tondo. In addition to establishing the satellite state of Manila, Sultan Bolkiah also married Laila Mecana, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra to expand Brunei's influence in both Luzon and Mindanao. Furthermore, Islam was further strengthened by the arrival to the Philippines of traders and proselytizers from Malaysia and Indonesia.
History of the Philippines
1864222
of several USL First Division clubs. In the months that followed, several prominent TOA members began to voice their concerns about the state of the league in general, its management structure and ownership model, the leadership of USL president Francisco Marcos, and about the sale of the league to NuRock, which the TOA felt was counter-productive and detrimental to the development of the league. Within several weeks, a number of TOA member clubs threatened to break away from USL and start their own league; this break away became official on November 10, 2009, when the majority of USL-1 clubs, as
USL First Division
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the U.S.S. "Pueblo", an American spy ship, showing that Kim Il-sung was running his own version of the Cold War, independent of Soviet or Chinese tutelage. After 1956, Kim Il-sung was no longer a Soviet puppet and the DPRK moved away from being a Soviet satellite or "people's democracy". Nor did he trust the Chinese due to their suspected support of the Yanan faction's move against Kim Il-sung. Rather, he pursued an independent policy and initiated his Juche program of national self-reliance in order to diminish the influence of the USSR and China over domestic North Korean affairs. The program
History of the Workers' Party of Korea
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alter existing anticancer drugs via glycosylation. In 2008 he began publishing work about what he calls "DNA genealogy" that has been dismissed as pseudoscience. Klyosov earned Ph.D. and D.Sc. degrees in physical chemistry, and an M.S. degree in enzyme kinetics, from Moscow State University. In the late 1970s he worked at Harvard University; he was offered a contract to keep working there but the USSR government would not allow him to take it and he remained in the USSR. From 1979 to 1981 he was professor in the department of chemical enzymology at Moscow State University. From 1981 to 1990,
Anatole Klyosov
13583265
artists. Drouz is married and has two daughters: the elder and the younger Marina Druz. Both daughters have followed in their father's footsteps and participated in the "What? Where? When?" program. Inna especially was both very active and successful in the game. She took a year-long break from the game in summer 2008 to tend to her newborn daughter Alisa, but returned to the program in October 2009. Alexander Drouz Aleksander Abramovich Drouz (, 10 May 1955, Leningrad, USSR) is a prominent veteran contestant of the Russian TV gameshow "What? Where? When?", one of the currently four "Magisters of the
Alexander Drouz
4747258
Meteor (satellite) The Meteor spacecraft are weather observation satellites launched by the USSR and Russia. The Meteor satellite series was developed during the 1960s. The Meteor satellites were designed to monitor atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures, humidity, radiation, sea ice conditions, snow-cover, and clouds. Meteor 1-26 was considered to be the most likely candidate for a 7 January 2017 satellite near collision. The Joint Space Operations Center which announced the possible collision didn't identify the satellites involved but third-party observers were of the opinion that Meteor 1-26 and DMSP F15 were the most likely candidates. Meteor-2-21/Fizeau is the twenty-first and last
Meteor (satellite)
953153
Western Bloc of being in the Eastern Bloc when they were more Non-Aligned. The most limited definition of the Eastern Bloc would only include the Warsaw Pact states and Mongolia, as former satellite states most dominated by the USSR. However, North Korea was similarly subordinate before the Korean War, and Soviet aid during the Vietnam War enabled Vietnam to dominate Laos and Cambodia until the end of the Cold War. Cuba's defiance of complete Soviet control was noteworthy enough that Cuba was sometimes excluded as a satellite state altogether, as Fidel Castro intervened in other Third World countries to spread
Eastern Bloc
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What Satellite and Digital TV What Satellite and Digital TV was a satellite, terrestrial, cable and broadband television magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom by MyHobbyStore. Although the magazine was primarily targeted for the UK market, it was also sold in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. The magazine was originally launched as What Satellite by WV Publications in May 1986, as an eight page monthly supplement with What Video magazine It became a monthly magazine in May 1989, following the launch of the first Astra satellite and Sky TV, and changed its name to What Satellite TV for
What Satellite and Digital TV
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from nuclear blasts for the MASINT discipline of nuclear Materials Intelligence, while the BURNING LIGHT aircraft worked in the electro-optical and radio frequency (EMP) MASINT disciplines. National technical means of verification National technical means of verification (NTM) are monitoring techniques, such as satellite photography, used to verify adherence to international treaties. The phrase first appeared, but was not detailed, in the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) between the US and USSR. At first, the phrase reflected a concern that the "Soviet Union could be particularly disturbed by public recognition of this capability [satellite photography]...which it has veiled.". In modern usage,
National technical means of verification
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pass the eternal path. Burning steppes, and melt concrete... October he will not forget the polygon. </poem> About A. I. Ostasheve written in books: Arkady Ostashev Arkady Ilyich Ostashev (); September 30, 1925, village Maly Vasilyev, Noginsky District, Moscow Oblast, USSR – July 12, 1998, Moscow, Russian Federation was an engineer, Soviet, Russian scientist, participant in the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite and the first cosmonaut, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, laureate of the Lenin and state prizes of the, senior test pilot of missiles and space-rocket complexes of OKB-1, the disciple and companion of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.
Arkady Ostashev
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Arkady Ostashev Arkady Ilyich Ostashev (); September 30, 1925, village Maly Vasilyev, Noginsky District, Moscow Oblast, USSR – July 12, 1998, Moscow, Russian Federation was an engineer, Soviet, Russian scientist, participant in the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite and the first cosmonaut, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, laureate of the Lenin and state prizes of the, senior test pilot of missiles and space-rocket complexes of OKB-1, the disciple and companion of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Born on September 30, 1925 in the village of Maly Vasilyev. Mother – Ostasheva (nee Гирусова) Serafima Vasilievna, 1888 birth. Father – Ostashev Ilya
Arkady Ostashev
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alignment because of the geographic distribution of the conference. Air Force was the most strident opponent of this proposal, threatening to become an independent. Soon after the proposal by BYU and Utah, the presidents of Air Force, BYU, Colorado State, Utah, and Wyoming met at Denver International Airport to discuss their future, and they agreed to break away from the WAC to form a new conference. They invited the WAC members New Mexico, San Diego State, and UNLV to join them in what became the Mountain West Conference. The next move for the MW came in 2005, when the conference
Mountain West Conference
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develop the technology to do so. For example, he claims that, during the Apollo program, the USSR had five times more manned hours in space than the United States, and notes that the USSR was the first to achieve many of the early milestones in space: the first man-made satellite in orbit (October 1957, Sputnik 1); the first living creature in orbit (a dog named Laika, November 1957, Sputnik 2); the first man in space and in orbit (Yuri Gagarin, April 1961, Vostok 1); the first woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova, June 1963, Vostok 6); and the first spacewalk (EVA)
Moon landing conspiracy theories
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who he credits for having taught him a lot. His debut was made for the Israel national football team in a friendly against the USSR. Two months later, he scored his first international goal, also in a friendly, against Iceland. All this was just a warmup for his big national team break when Israel played its first world cup qualifier in the UEFA confederation. Although Israel lost to Austria 5-2, Zohar was able to celebrate a personal achievement as he scored Israel's first two goals as a full member of UEFA. Zohar added another piece of hardware (the Israel State
Itzik Zohar
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State government awarded contracts to help stop flooding, which is a major problem in that area. Satellite Town, Lagos Satellite Town, Lagos is a community and state housing estate located along the Lagos-Badagry Expressway in Amuwo-Odofin local government area of Lagos State. Its ZIP code is 102262. In early 1960, the Lagos State Government set up Satellite Town to help low income earners own their own houses, with some of the areas allocated to oil workers and private buyers. The deplorable state of roads and illegal structures in Satellite Town shows that what was once known to be an estate
Satellite Town, Lagos
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The government and politics of the Polish People's Republic were governed by the Polish United Workers' Party ("Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR"). Despite the presence of two minor parties, the United People's Party and the Democratic Party, the country was generally reckoned by western nations as a one-party state because these two parties were supposedly completely subservient to the Communists and had to accept the PZPR's "leading role" as a condition of their existence. It was dependent on the USSR to the extent of being its satellite state. From 1952 the PRP's highest law was the Constitution of the Polish
Polish People's Republic
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highest suicide rate in the world. Lithuania also has the highest homicide rate in the EU, and the highest rate of death from injury in Europe (76 per 100,000). After independence in 1918 a health care system on the Bismarck model began to develop but in 1949 when it was absorbed into the USSR, it was reorganized according to the centralised Semashko system. It was relatively well funded and the population’s health status was better than in other parts of the USSR. Lithuania moved away from a system funded mainly by local and state budgets to a mixed system, predominantly
Health in Lithuania
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campaigns. The PocketQube format is also popular with amateur radio satellite builders. The PocketQube specification accomplishes several high-level goals. Simplification makes it possible to design and produce a workable satellite at low cost. Encapsulation of the launcher-payload interface takes away the prohibitive amount of managerial work previously required for mating a piggyback satellite with its launcher. Unification among payloads and launchers enables quick exchanges of payloads and utilization of launch opportunities on short notice. PocketQube is similar to CubeSat in this regard. The standard was first proposed by Professor Bob Twiggs of Morehead State University, and the intention was for
PocketQube
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The station had always found the going difficult due to a limited viewer base, and becoming a full satellite of KMBC-TV ensured its survival. In July 1961, Cook Paint sold KMBC-TV to Metropolitan Broadcasting (later called Metromedia). Metropolitan Broadcasting did not want KMOS, so it sold channel 6 to the "Jefferson City News Tribune", owner of Mid-Missouri's CBS affiliate, KRCG (channel 13). KMOS then became a semi-satellite of KRCG. It simulcast KRCG for most of the day, but maintained a studio of its own in Sedalia and would break away from KRCG for its own newscasts at 6 and 10
KMOS-TV
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a hard fought 1–0 win over Macedonia away in Skopje. Results then took a turn, England drew 0–0 at home with Macedonia, and then suffering a 2–0 defeat away to Croatia where Gary Neville netted an Own Goal. The pressure on McClaren was already starting to build, and after a five-month break from qualifiers, England only managed a goalless draw away to Israel putting in another lackluster performance. This followed, to what some described as the worst match in England history, England played Andorra away and did win 3–0, but still it took them 60 minutes to break the deadlock,
History of the England national football team
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break away from the KRMA feed to provide programming targeted for their respective communities, and each station airs separate local promotions and underwriting. KRMU is a full-time satellite of KRMJ, while KRMZ is a full-time satellite of KRMA. Citing costs at each station, Rocky Mountain PBS applied for and received waivers of the FCC's main studio rule, which requires that each full-service station maintain a main studio within its local service area. Notes: In addition to its five full-service television stations, Rocky Mountain PBS operates one of the largest translator networks in the country, serving portions of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas,
Rocky Mountain PBS
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glacial ice shelf at risk. While temperature may have played a part in this disintegration, several recent earthquakes magnitude 5.0 and greater along the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge may also have contributed. Scientists were surprised when they discovered the rest of the ice shelf is beginning to break away from the continent. What is left of the Wilkins ice shelf is now connected by only a narrow beam of ice. At the end of May 2008, another break-off further reduced the width of the connecting ice strip from . This second smaller event, with about of ice separating, was the first documented
Wilkins Sound
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and the cosmic X-ray background, OSO 7 was launched on September 29, 1971. OSO 7 made the first observation of solar gamma-ray line emission, due to electron/positron annihilation at 511 keV, from a solar flare in April 1972. Cosmos 428 was launched by the USSR into Earth orbit on June 24, 1971, and recovered July 6, 1971. The orbit characteristics: apogee/perigee/inclination 208 km, 271 km, and 51.8°, respectively. It was a military satellite on which X-ray astronomy experiments had been added. There was a scintillation spectrometer sensitive to X-rays >30 keV, with a 2° × 17° field of view. In
X-ray astronomy satellite
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of the film, in which Chuck returns a package to its sender. In this version, the woman answers the door, and when Chuck asks what was in the box, the woman replies: "Just a satellite phone, GPS locator, fishing rod, water purifier, and some seeds. Just silly stuff." Media executive Lloyd Braun of ABC Studios first suggested the idea of a "Cast Away"–type television series at a dinner party in 2003. Thom Sherman later pitched the idea for "Cast Away – The Series", but never developed the idea. The concept was later developed and pitched with the title "Nowhere", which
Cast Away
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Break Away (Art Garfunkel song) "Break Away" (also known as "Breakaway") is a song written by Benny Gallagher and Graham Lyle and first recorded by Art Garfunkel for his 1975 album "Breakaway". Gallagher and Lyle released their own version on their 1976 album, also titled "Breakaway". "Break Away", with backing vocals by David Crosby and Graham Nash, was the second single release from Garfunkel's album. The song peaked at number thirty-nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and, in February 1976, went to number one on the Easy Listening chart for one week. On the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart, "Break Away"
Break Away (Art Garfunkel song)
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time to study the attack and plan a response. At the time, the Soviet early-warning satellite network was not well developed, and there were questions about their ability to operate in a hostile environment including anti-satellite efforts. An over-the-horizon radar sited in the USSR would not have any of these problems, and work on such a system for this associated role started in the late 1960s. The first experimental system, Duga, was built outside Mykolaiv in Ukraine, successfully detecting rocket launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome at 2,500 kilometers. This was followed by the prototype Duga, built on the same site, which
Duga radar
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on phased arrays, he became a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation. For the period of scientific research he published more than 100 scientific works and inventions. Against the backdrop of a sharp reduction in defense orders in the last years of the USSR, within the framework of conversion programs, on March 6, 1991, a small enterprise of KB Impulse was registered on the basis of the Radiotechnical Institute. The first development of the company was the satellite television system, which was put into serial production at the Vilnius Radio Measuring Instruments Factory (VZRIP) and was sold
Dmitry Zimin
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popular broadcasts—many imported from North America—including "24", "Battlestar Galactica", "Bones", "Caprica", "Fringe", "Glee", "House", "Lie to Me", "Lost", "Prison Break", "The Simpsons", "Stargate" ("SG-1", "Atlantis", and "Universe"), "Touch", "WWE Raw", and "You, Me and the Apocalypse". Sky One started on 26 April 1982 as Satellite Television Ltd, and was Europe's first ever cable and satellite channel, originally broadcasting from the Orbital Test Satellite aimed at cable operators all over the continent. At first the station struggled financially, due to disappointing ratings in the countries in which it was officially available, which in turn led to insufficient advertising revenue and increasing
Sky One
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Satellite Town, Lagos Satellite Town, Lagos is a community and state housing estate located along the Lagos-Badagry Expressway in Amuwo-Odofin local government area of Lagos State. Its ZIP code is 102262. In early 1960, the Lagos State Government set up Satellite Town to help low income earners own their own houses, with some of the areas allocated to oil workers and private buyers. The deplorable state of roads and illegal structures in Satellite Town shows that what was once known to be an estate has, over time, turned into a slum. There were reports that in May 2009, the Lagos
Satellite Town, Lagos
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students conducted massive demonstrations demanding his release. But when Sankara opted for the 'Popular and Democratic Revolution' promoted by ULC LIPAD withdrew its support. The USSR played an important role in provoking the split away from the Sankara government. From August 3, 1983 to August 1984 LIPAD held five ministerial posts. Arba Diallo was Minister of Foreign Affairs, Philippe Ouédraogo Minister of Equipment and Telecommunications and Adama Touré Minister of Information. After the break in 1984 (generally called "la clarification") Diallo and Touré were jailed. Diallo was released in 1985 and Touré in 1986. But even after "la clarification" lipadistes
Patriotic League for Development
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up by a household radio, the Lovell Telescope was the only telescope capable of tracking Sputnik's booster rocket by radar; it first located it just before midnight on 12 October 1957. It also located Sputnik 2's carrier rocket at just after midnight on 16 November 1957. The telescope also took part in some of the early work on satellite communication. In February and March 1963, the telescope transmitted signals via the moon and Echo II, a NASA balloon satellite at 750 km (466 mi) altitude, to the Zimenki Observatory in the USSR. Some signals were also relayed from the USA
Lovell Telescope
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and Hlai (Rei/Li) peoples from the ancient state of Chu around the 8th century BCE, the Be-Tai people started to break away to the east coast in the present-day Zhejiang, in the 6th century BCE, establishing the state of Yue. After the destruction of the state of Yue by Chu army around 333 BCE, Yue people (Be-Tai) began to migrate southwards along the east coast of China to what are now Guangxi, Guizhou and northern Vietnam, forming Luo Yue (Central-Southwestern Tai) and Xi Ou (Northern Tai). In 1038, Nùng Tồn Phúc "(Nong Quanfu, Chinese: 儂全福)", a Nùng chieftain, proclaimed the
Nùng people
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development "Dalstroy" was given away to the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of the USSR, and its prison-camp units to the GULAG and Ministry of Justice of the USSR (except the Coastal Disciplinary-Labor camps, which was given away to the Prison governance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR subjection). The steamship "Лиза Чайкина" is not mentioned in the list of the ships which was under control of "Dalstroy" and which was hired sometimes for the above-mentioned transportation. It is means that mentioned in the book voyage of the steamship "Лиза Чайкина" was the first voyage of the ship
SS Heinrich Arp
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reached number two. It was blocked from reaching the number-one position by Paul Simon's song, "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover". Break Away (Art Garfunkel song) "Break Away" (also known as "Breakaway") is a song written by Benny Gallagher and Graham Lyle and first recorded by Art Garfunkel for his 1975 album "Breakaway". Gallagher and Lyle released their own version on their 1976 album, also titled "Breakaway". "Break Away", with backing vocals by David Crosby and Graham Nash, was the second single release from Garfunkel's album. The song peaked at number thirty-nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and, in February
Break Away (Art Garfunkel song)
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some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the war. West Virginia was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts, and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War (the other being Nevada). While a portion of its residents held slaves, most of the residents were
West Virginia
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break-up of the Soviet Union was not accompanied by any formal changes in monetary arrangements. The Central Bank of Russia was authorized to take over the State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) on 1 January 1992. It continued to ship USSR ruble notes and coins to the central banks of the eleven newly independent countries, which had formerly been the main branches of Gosbank in the republics. The political situation, however, was not favorable for maintaining a common currency. Maintaining a common currency requires a strong political consensus in respect to monetary and fiscal targets, a common institution in charge
Kazakhstani tenge
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the founder of the SWP, Tony Cliff, to reject the idea that the USSR was a 'degenerated workers' state', the position held by other Trotskyists and derived from Leon Trotsky's analysis in the 1930s. Cliff argued that in fact the USSR and Eastern Europe used a form of capitalism which he referred to as 'bureaucratic state capitalist', and that later so did other countries ruled by what he termed Stalinist parties, such as China, Vietnam and Cuba. Cliff's approach to this idea was published in the 1948 article "The Nature of Stalinist Russia" as it was further advanced on in
Socialist Workers Party (UK)
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Lyons" (1954) and he went on to direct their first two colour features: "The Men of Sherwood Forest" (1954) and "Break in the Circle" (1954). Guest had little interest in science fiction and was unenthusiastic about directing the film; he reluctantly took copies of Nigel Kneale's television scripts with him on holiday in Tangiers and only began reading them after being teased for his "ethereal" attitude by his wife, Yolande Donlan. Impressed by what he read and pleased to be offered the opportunity to break away from directing comedy films, he took the job. In his approach to directing the
The Quatermass Xperiment
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before that, yet with just few houses. Beginning from 1950s, village started to grow, and reached its peak in mid-1970s and 1980s, with its small but pretty rich population. Break-up of Yugoslavia brought decline of village. Leaned mostly on agricultural corporation in which majority of inhabitants were employed, village started its rapid decline. Imposed UN embargo on Yugoslavia brought halt to export of agricultural products, while breakup of USSR, its major market, brought total collapse. Corporation was state-owned, and started to break up itself into small companies, out of whom only fish farm remained in work. Being officially classified as
Vršački Ritovi
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the development of the Nike Zeus system, and began development of the MGM-31 Pershing missile system, which later played a role in ending the Cold War. As part of the 1957–58 International Geophysical Year, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union proposed to launch a scientific satellite. Although von Braun had proposed in 1954 that the OML could place a satellite in Earth orbit, the Naval Research Laboratory, using its Vanguard rocket, was given this assignment. On 4 October 1957, the USSR orbited "Sputnik I", the first Earth satellite. A second Sputnik was launched a month later. On 6 December
Redstone Arsenal
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A break away! A break away! is an 1891 painting by Australian artist Tom Roberts. The painting depicts a mob of thirsty sheep stampeding towards a dam. A drover on horseback is attempting to turn the mob before they drown or crush each other in their desire to drink. The painting, an "icon of Australian art", is part of a series of works by Roberts that "captures what was an emerging spirit of national identity." Roberts painted the work at Corowa. The painting depicts a time of drought, with little grass and the soil kicked up as dust. The work
A break away!
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up to 50 miles, as its Soviet operators struggled to control their failing spacecraft. In secret meetings, Soviet officials warned their US counterparts that they had lost control over the vehicle, and that the system which was intended to propel the spent reactor core into a safe disposal orbit had failed. At 11:53 AM GMT on January 24, 1978, Kosmos 954 reentered the Earth's atmosphere while travelling on a northeastward track over western Canada. At first the USSR claimed that the satellite had been completely destroyed during re-entry, but later searches showed debris from the satellite had been deposited on
Kosmos 954
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done things the way I normally do them. But not having the ability to do that forced me into trying some things that were fun to do." By the end of the tour, Reznor began work on the album's lyrical concepts, attempting to break away from his typically introspective approach. Reznor drew inspiration from his concern at the state of affairs in the United States and at what he envisioned as the country's political, spiritual, and social direction. "Year Zero" was mixed in January 2007, and Reznor stated on his blog that the album was finished as of February 5.
Year Zero (album)
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Award in the Religion and Philosophy category. Jay later won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards, as well as the Dunnen First Novel Prize. Soon after the publication of her novel, Jay was listed amongst the category of Brave and Daring authors who break away from the conventional writing trends. I don't care about philosophies or trends. I don't care about vocabulary. What is important to me is whether the narrative is good or not. My protagonists are experiencing what I experience as I write, which is also what the readers experience as they read. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,
Nida Jay
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development of aeronautical engineering through the design of World War I military aircraft. The first definition of aerospace engineering appeared in February 1958. The definition considered the Earth's atmosphere and the outer space as a single realm, thereby encompassing both aircraft ("aero") and spacecraft ("space") under a newly coined word "aerospace". In response to the USSR launching the first satellite, Sputnik into space on October 4, 1957, U.S. aerospace engineers launched the first American satellite on January 31, 1958. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was founded in 1958 as a response to the Cold War. Some of the elements
Aerospace engineering
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crashed on North 8th Street. Sputnik 4 was a USSR satellite, part of the Sputnik program and a test-flight of the Vostok spacecraft that would be used for the first human spaceflight. It was launched on May 15, 1960. A bug in the guidance system had pointed the capsule in the wrong direction, so instead of dropping into the atmosphere the satellite moved into a higher orbit. It re-entered the atmosphere on or about September 5, 1962. A cast was made from the original piece before the Soviets claimed it, and the cast was displayed at the Rahr West Art
Manitowoc, Wisconsin
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was lost after a programming error; also lost were 18 smaller satellites from other nations. Meteor (satellite) The Meteor spacecraft are weather observation satellites launched by the USSR and Russia. The Meteor satellite series was developed during the 1960s. The Meteor satellites were designed to monitor atmospheric and sea-surface temperatures, humidity, radiation, sea ice conditions, snow-cover, and clouds. Meteor 1-26 was considered to be the most likely candidate for a 7 January 2017 satellite near collision. The Joint Space Operations Center which announced the possible collision didn't identify the satellites involved but third-party observers were of the opinion that Meteor
Meteor (satellite)
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limit can vary from the value shown. The limiting distance to which a satellite can approach without breaking up depends on the rigidity of the satellite. At one extreme, a completely rigid satellite will maintain its shape until tidal forces break it apart. At the other extreme, a highly fluid satellite gradually deforms leading to increased tidal forces, causing the satellite to elongate, further compounding the tidal forces and causing it to break apart more readily. Most real satellites would lie somewhere between these two extremes, with tensile strength rendering the satellite neither perfectly rigid nor perfectly fluid. For example,
Roche limit
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State Committee for Cinematography Goskino USSR () is the abbreviated name for the USSR State Committee for Cinematography (Государственный комитет по кинематографии СССР) in the Soviet Union. It was a central state directory body of Soviet film production. The first main film production and distribution organisation in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1924 was Goskino; this was succeeded by Sovkino from 1924 to 1930, and then replaced with Soyuzkino in 1930, which had jurisdiction over the entire USSR until 1933, when it was then replaced by GUKF (The Chief Directorate of the Film and Photo Industry, largely headed
State Committee for Cinematography
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was the continuing state of political conflict, military tension, and economic competition between the Soviet Union and its satellite states, and the powers of the Western world, led by the United States. Although the primary participants' military forces never officially clashed directly, they expressed the conflict through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda, and technological competition, e.g., the space race. The first use of the term to describe the specific post-war geopolitical confrontation between the USSR and the United States came in a speech by Bernard Baruch, an influential advisor to Democratic
United States in the 1950s
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was agreed to use the blue–yellow flag until the issue was resolved in the independent Ukraine. The first flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted on March 10, 1919, to serve as the symbol of state of the Soviet Ukraine. Details of the official flag changed periodically before the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, but all were based on the red flag of the October Revolution in Russia and an exact replica of the Soviet Russia. The first flag was red with the gold Cyrillic sans-serif letters У.С.С.Р. (USSR, acronym for Ukrayinskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika in
Flag of Ukraine
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to break away, triggering its automatic destruct system, blowing the first stage to pieces and rupturing the second stage N2O2 tank. The upper stages were ejected and launched through the air until a manual destruct command was sent by the range safety officer at T+20 seconds. The KH-9 was also blown up by its internal self-destruct mechanism, which was designed to destroy the classified satellite in the event of a launch malfunction. Debris rained onto SLC-4E, badly damaging the launch complex in the process and starting numerous small fires, some of which burned for up to two days. Extracting launch
Titan 34D
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Vitaliy Starukhin—became the top scorer in the USSR Championship with 26 goals scored, also being named Soviet Footballer of the Year. The club was only two points away from the first place, despite having important players leaving the club before the season, and other important players receiving injuries. Other important players besides Starukhin at the time were Mykhaylo Sokolovsky, who went on to set a caps record for the club (for what he received the Club Loyalty Award in 1987), defenders Viktor Zvyahintsev and Valeriy Horbunov, who both made it numerous times to the 33 Top Players of the Soviet
FC Shakhtar Donetsk
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859 Potawatomi from the vicinity of Plymouth, Indiana and send them to the Kansas Territory. Forty-two Potawatomi, mostly children, died from disease and the stress of the two-month march in what became known as the "Trail of Death". During his term, Wallace set the date Indiana would observe Thanksgiving. On November 4, 1839, he issued an executive order making November 28 Thanksgiving Day. Wallace claimed to have done so at the request of representatives from different state churches. By the end of his term, the impending financial disaster was becoming apparent to the state's residents. Seeking to break away from
David Wallace (Indiana politician)
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in some way that I was taking a break from many things in my life and obviously what people in the public see is that I'm pulling away from what is more 'public'. I didn't know how long it would take, I didn't know if it would solve anything, but I set out to really focus inside myself. Ward shot her first pictorial in years in Australia’s "Sunday Telegraph Magazine" for the edition of 6 February 2011.In 2013, Ward signed with IMG Models Australia, prompting rumours of a modelling comeback. On 18 September 2014, Ward returned to the runway at
Gemma Ward