when did the post print the pentagon papers
June 18 , 1971
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on June 14, Attorney General John N. Mitchell and Nixon obtained a federal court injunction forcing "The New York Times" to cease publication after three articles. "The New York Times" publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger said: The newspaper appealed the injunction, and the case "New York Times Co. v. United States" (403 U.S. 713) quickly rose through the U.S. legal system to the Supreme Court. On June 18, 1971, "The Washington Post" began publishing its own series of articles based upon the "Pentagon Papers"; Ellsberg had given portions to "The Washington Post" reporter Ben Bagdikian. Bagdikian brought the information to editor
Pentagon Papers
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on June 14, Attorney General John N. Mitchell and Nixon obtained a federal court injunction forcing "The New York Times" to cease publication after three articles. "The New York Times" publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger said: The newspaper appealed the injunction, and the case "New York Times Co. v. United States" (403 U.S. 713) quickly rose through the U.S. legal system to the Supreme Court. On June 18, 1971, "The Washington Post" began publishing its own series of articles based upon the "Pentagon Papers"; Ellsberg had given portions to "The Washington Post" reporter Ben Bagdikian. Bagdikian brought the information to editor
Pentagon Papers
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an "en banc" hearing, granted an injunction until June 25. On June 18, 1971, "The Washington Post" began publishing its own series of articles based upon the "Pentagon Papers". That day, Assistant U.S. Attorney General William Rehnquist asked the "Post" to cease publication. After the paper refused, Rehnquist sought an injunction in the District Court for the District of Columbia, but Judge Gerhard Gesell rejected the government's request, as did the Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit. This inconsistency between the courts of appeal led the Supreme Court to hear the case. The Supreme Court heard arguments from the
New York Times Co. v. United States
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assistant managing editor for national news at the "Post", met with Daniel Ellsberg, a military analyst, who passed him 4,000 pages of the "Pentagon Papers", excerpts from which were published by "The New York Times" days earlier and halted by a federal judge. While the "Post" lawyers and management were opposed, Bagdikian argued strongly in favor of publication of the documents despite pressure from the Nixon administration not to on national security grounds. Bagdikian famously stated: "the (only) way to assert the right to publish is to publish." The first part was published by the "Post" on June 18, 1971.
Ben Bagdikian
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she retained a position as chairman of the executive committee until her death in 2001. Her tenure is credited with seeing the newspaper rise in national stature through effective investigative reporting after it began to live down its reputation as a house organ for the Kennedy and Johnson administration, working to ensure that "The New York Times" did not surpass its Washington reporting of the Pentagon Papers and Watergate scandal. Graham took The Washington Post Company public on June 15, 1971 in the midst of the Pentagon Papers controversy. A total of 1,294,000 shares were offered to the public at
The Washington Post
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Max Frankel, the "Times"' Washington bureau chief when the "Papers" were published"," criticized the film's more minor portrayal of the paper. "The New York Times" had not only published the "Pentagon Papers" before "The Washington Post", but had also set the stage for the major legal battle between the press and the United States government. The newspaper also won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its contributions. The 1972 Pulitzer jury of journalists noted in their recommendation not only the significance of Daniel Ellsberg's "Pentagon Papers" leak, but also that of "Times" reporters Neil Sheehan, Hedrick Smith, Fox
The Post (film)
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the FBI, who wanted him to write an article about Martin Luther King Jr's alleged infidelities which they had uncovered through wiretaps. Patterson told them "We're not a peephole journal. We don't print that kind of stuff." Patterson was appointed managing editor of "The Washington Post" in 1968. After the Nixon administration had blocked the "New York Times" from the continued publication of the "Pentagon Papers", which revealed how President Lyndon Johnson had withheld information about the progress of the nation's waging of the Vietnam War from the United States Congress, he was responsible for the "Post"'s publication of the
Eugene Patterson
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that comparisons to the Pentagon Papers was an exaggeration as the documents lacked the policy implications of the papers, but that "no democracy can or should fight a war without the consent of its people, and that consent is only meaningful if it is predicated on real information". The "Los Angeles Times" did seem to indicate the documents have parallels with the Pentagon Papers in being published during a subsequent administration "the documents offer insight primarily into the war-fighting of the recently departed George W. Bush administration; the Pentagon Papers ended with the Johnson administration and were not published until
Afghan War documents leak
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glaring, noisily freewheeling newsroom". Matt Bobkin, writing for "Exclaim!", gave the film a 6 out of 10 score, saying the film "has all the makings of an awards season hit, but is too calculated to reflect today's ragged, tenuous sociopolitical climate." The film downplays the original role that "The New York Times" had in breaking the "Pentagon Papers" and emphasizes "The Washington Post"'s subsequent involvement. In an interview with the "Columbia Journalism Review", former "New York Times" associates James Greenfield, who coordinated the "Pentagon Papers" project as the "Times" foreign editor; James Goodale, the"Times" general counsel at the time; and
The Post (film)
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calls of U.S. citizens. Since Goodale had predicted in his book that President Barack Obama would attempt to criminalize the newsgathering process, and because the Snowden leak was generally analogous to the leak of the Pentagon Papers, Goodale was swept up into the controversy involving these matters. His defense of the press in the AP and Rosen cases and "the Washington Post" and "The Guardian" in the publication of Snowden's leaks attracted national attention. Goodale is the author of "The New York Times Company v. United States", a collection of the legal papers in the Pentagon Papers case which he
James Goodale
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1979 until 2000. Graham presided over the "Post" at a crucial time in its history. The "Post" played an integral role in unveiling the Watergate conspiracy which ultimately led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Graham and editor Bradlee first experienced challenges when they published the content of the Pentagon Papers. When "Post" reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein brought the Watergate story to Bradlee, Graham supported their investigative reporting and Bradlee ran stories about Watergate when few other news outlets were reporting on the matter. In conjunction with the Watergate scandal, Graham was the subject of one of
Katharine Graham
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Eisenhower, and especially the Johnson administration, had “systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress” about the conduct of the war. To keep the publication of the Pentagon Papers going, Alperovitz developed a strategy to hand off portions of the report to one news publication at a time beginning with "The Washington Post"—which helped to create an ongoing media spectacle and to keep public interest in the contents of the papers alive for several weeks. With Ellsberg in hiding, Alperovitz handled the logistics of handing off the papers to the press, adopting the moniker “Mr. Boston” when
Gar Alperovitz
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two Reuters journalists. Manning claimed to have provided WikiLeaks with secret videos of additional massacres of alleged civilians in Afghanistan, as well as 260,000 classified State Department cables. Ellsberg said that he fears for Manning and for Julian Assange, as he feared for himself after the initial publication of the Pentagon Papers. WikiLeaks initially said it had not received the cables, but did plan to post the video of an attack that killed 86 to 145 Afghan civilians in the village of Garani. Ellsberg expressed hope that either Assange or President Obama would post the video, and expressed his strong
Daniel Ellsberg
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words of the "Pentagon Papers" that would not have been made available. It is unknown which 11 words were at issue. The Archives released each volume of the "Pentagon Papers" as a separate PDF file, available on their website. Pentagon Papers The Pentagon Papers, officially titled Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The papers were released by Daniel Ellsberg, who had worked on the study; they were first brought to the attention
Pentagon Papers
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as a matter of urgency. In response, the Pentagon released a statement, saying that US Central Command had made an "informal inquiry" and that "U.S. Central Command looked into it a few months ago, when allegations first surfaced when there were graves discovered in the area of Sherberghan prison. They looked into it and did not substantiate any knowledge, presence or participation of US service members." No US papers or networks reported on the documentary and the allegations made in it. According to spokespersons for Physicians for Human Rights, their enquiries were met with "blanket denials" from the Pentagon, who
Afghan Massacre: The Convoy of Death
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of parliamentary immunity. On , Senator Mike Gravel (D-Alaska) received a copy of the Pentagon Papers from Ben Bagdikian, an editor at "The Washington Post." Over the next several days, Gravel (who was dyslexic) was assisted by his congressional office staff in reading and analyzing the report. Worried his home might be raided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Gravel smuggled the report, which filled two large suitcases, into his Senate office, which was then guarded by disabled Vietnam veterans. On the evening of , Gravel attempted to read the Pentagon Papers into the "Congressional Record." A lack of a
Speech or Debate Clause
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Pentagon weeks later said that she did not appear to have fought back against her captors, in contradiction of earlier Pentagon press releases. According to one former Pentagon official, the stories of her supposed heroics that day were spread by the news media, and Congressmen from West Virginia were instrumental in pushing the Pentagon to award her honors based on reports of her actions during her capture. Months after returning, Lynch finally began speaking to the public. Her statements tended to be sharply critical of the original story that was reported by the "Washington Post". When asked about her heroine
Jessica Lynch
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it revealed "there was a continuing uncertainty as to [Johnson's] final decision, which would have to await Secretary McNamara's recommendation and the views of Congressional leaders, particularly the views of Senator [Richard] Russell." Nixon's Solicitor General Erwin N. Griswold later called the "Pentagon Papers" an example of "massive overclassification" with "no trace of a threat to the national security." The "Pentagon Papers"' publication had little or no effect on the ongoing war because they dealt with documents written years before publication. After the release of the "Pentagon Papers", Goldwater said: Senator Birch Bayh, who thought the publishing of the "Pentagon
Pentagon Papers
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A Combat Camera video of the airstrike was made by the bomber aircraft involved. When the Pentagon investigation on the incident was released in 2009, it did not include the video. In 2010, Daniel Ellsberg, the whistleblower in the Pentagon Papers case, called for President Obama to release the video of the airstrike online. By May 2010, WikiLeaks had an encrypted copy of the video it had received from then U.S. Army Specialist Chelsea Manning and was attempting to decrypt it. In a March 2013 statement, Julian Assange disputed prior news reports claiming WikiLeaks had been unable to decrypt the
Granai airstrike
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Pentagon Papers The Pentagon Papers, officially titled Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The papers were released by Daniel Ellsberg, who had worked on the study; they were first brought to the attention of the public on the front page of "The New York Times" in 1971. A 1996 article in "The New York Times" said that the "Pentagon Papers" had demonstrated, among other things, that the Johnson Administration "systematically lied, not
Pentagon Papers
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produced by the organization on the history of the early Maryland colony. Ben Bradlee Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (, 1921 – , 2014) was an American newspaperman. He was the executive editor of "The Washington Post" from 1968 to 1991. He became a national figure during the , when he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers and oversaw the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal. At his death he held the title of vice president at-large of the "Post". He was also an advocate for education and the study
Ben Bradlee
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Ben Bradlee Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (, 1921 – , 2014) was an American newspaperman. He was the executive editor of "The Washington Post" from 1968 to 1991. He became a national figure during the , when he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers and oversaw the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal. At his death he held the title of vice president at-large of the "Post". He was also an advocate for education and the study of history, including working for years as an active trustee on the
Ben Bradlee
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an hour reading part of the Pentagon Papers into the record. Prevented by his dyslexia from continuing, Gravel had the remainder of the Pentagon Papers entered into the record. Gravel subsequently arranged to have the Pentagon Papers published by a private publisher. The publisher was Beacon Press, a non-profit book publisher owned by the Unitarian Universalist Association. A federal grand jury was subsequently empaneled to investigate possible violations of federal law in the release of the report. Leonard Rodberg, a Gravel aide, was subpoenaed to testify about his role in obtaining and arranging for publication of the Pentagon Papers. Senator
Gravel v. United States
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who compiled the list, wrote next to Halperin's name, "a scandal would be helpful here." Defense Secretary Robert MacNamara asked Halperin to oversee the production of the Pentagon Papers. Les Gelb, a member of Halperin's staff, oversaw the staff that actually wrote the study. Halperin was a friend of Daniel Ellsberg. When Ellsberg was investigated in connection with the Pentagon Papers, suspicion fell on Halperin, who some Nixon aides believed had kept classified documents when he left government service. The tapping of Halperin's phone without a warrant was discovered when it came out in Ellsberg's trial. Despite the continued use
Morton Halperin
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Rodberg, a Gravel aide, was subpoenaed to testify about his role in obtaining and arranging for publication of the Pentagon Papers. Senator Gravel intervened and asked a court to quash the subpoena, contending that forcing Rodberg to testify would violate the Speech or Debate Clause. A federal district court refused to grant the motion to quash but did agree to proscribe certain questions. The trial court also held that publication of the Pentagon Papers by a private press was not protected by the Speech or Debate Clause. The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's ruling, although it modified the
Speech or Debate Clause
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Ehrlichman had recruited E. Howard Hunt as a $100-a-day White House consultant, though Hunt never worked directly for Colson, he did several odd jobs for Colson's office prior to working for Egil "Bud" Krogh, head of the White House Special Operations Unit (the so-called "Plumbers"), which had been organized to stop leaks in the Nixon administration. Hunt teamed with G. Gordon Liddy, and the two headed the Plumbers' attempted burglary of Pentagon Papers-leaker Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office in Los Angeles in September 1971. The Pentagon Papers were a group of military documents comprising an exhaustive study of the United States'
Charles Colson
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called him "one of the most viciously anti-Catholic editorial cartoonists ever to have disgraced the pages of American newspapers." One of his most famous cartoons, "Celebration of Spring at St. Pedophilia's - the Annual Running of the Altar Boys," led to debates in print, radio, and television across the country when it was published on March 28, 2001--the day before Good Friday. The New York Times and Washington Post, as well as other papers, chose not to include the cartoon online, while an unknown number did not run it at all. On Christmas Eve, 1993, Catholic readers were angered by
Pat Oliphant
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of the "Pentagon Papers". Gravel asked the court (in "Gravel v. United States") to quash the subpoena on the basis of the Speech or Debate Clause in Article I, Section 6 of the United States Constitution. That clause provides that "for any Speech or Debate in either House, [a Senator or Representative] shall not be questioned in any other Place", meaning that Gravel could not be prosecuted for anything said on the Senate floor, and, by extension, for anything entered to the "Congressional Record", allowing the papers to be publicly read without threat of a treason trial and conviction. When
Pentagon Papers
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of lieutenant, then took a copyediting job with the "New Haven Journal-Courier". "The Washington Post" hired him. Aarons remained at the "Post" for many years. As an editor and a national correspondent, he served as New York bureau chief and later established the paper's first Los Angeles bureau. He covered major events of the 1960s and 1970s such as the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, urban riots, and government scandals. Aarons had a front-row seat when the "Pentagon Papers" story surfaced. As Los Angeles bureau chief, he covered California-related events in the case, including what
Leroy F. Aarons
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US Constitution did grant immunity to Gravel for his reading the papers in his subcommittee, and did grant some immunity to Gravel's congressional aide, but granted no immunity to Beacon Press in relation to its publishing the same papers. Zinn testified as an expert witness at Ellsberg's criminal trial for theft, conspiracy, and espionage in connection with the publication of the "Pentagon Papers" by "The New York Times". Defense attorneys asked Zinn to explain to the jury the history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam from World War II through 1963. Zinn discussed that history for several hours, and later reflected
Howard Zinn
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featured the news in their online papers as well. "Bangkok Post" published this event on its internet edition and fine print. The event received almost no coverage in the local media. The most widely circulated English daily, "The Star" only reported a traffic congestion. Other print dailies did not report the incident. Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi remarked that the Malaysian Royalty should not be dragged into Malaysian politics. He further alleged that the rally constituted an attempt by the Opposition to drag the Yang di-Pertuan Agong into the issue. Constitutionally, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the Head of the
2007 Bersih rally
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The Post (film) The Post is a 2017 American historical political thriller film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer. It stars Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham, the first female publisher of a major American newspaper, and Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee, the executive editor of "The Washington Post", with Sarah Paulson, Bob Odenkirk, Tracy Letts, Bradley Whitford, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Carrie Coon, and Matthew Rhys in supporting roles. Set in 1971, "The Post" depicts the true story of attempts by journalists at "The Washington Post" to publish the "Pentagon Papers", classified
The Post (film)
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as blood-licking. Ultimately, Pentagon performed a uranage, slamming Vampiro through a burning table, and then pinned him for the victory. Post-match, Vampiro demanded Pentagon break his arm, which Pentagon did. Pentagon then called for his "maestro" to reveal himself, only for Vampiro to announce that he was Pentagon's teacher, and that Pentagon was now 'ready'. The duo embraced, united. The third match was to crown the inaugural Gift of the Gods Champion. During the match, Aero Star dived off the balcony for a crossbody onto the other wrestlers, while Sexy Star fended off the interference of Marty the Moth. King
Ultima Lucha 1
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Strothman summarized the Press's mission: "We at Beacon publish the books we choose because they share a moral vision and a sense that greater understanding can influence the course of events. They are books we believe in." Strothman was replaced by Helene Atwan in 1995. In 1971, it published the "Senator Gravel edition" of "The Pentagon Papers" for the first time in book form, when no other publisher was willing to risk publishing such controversial material. Robert West, then-president of the Unitarian Universalist Association, approved the decision to publish "The Pentagon Papers", which West claims resulted in two-and-a-half years of
Beacon Press
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in four Warsaw Pact capitals. Daniel Ellsberg's attendance at a talk by Randy Kehler (as Kehler was preparing to submit to his sentence for draft resistance) at the WRI's 13th Triennial Meeting, held at Haverford College in August 1969, was a pivotal event in Ellsberg's decision to copy and release the Pentagon Papers. (It was Ellsberg's release of the Pentagon Papers which led President Nixon to create a group of in-house spies, who undertook the ill-fated Watergate break-in, which led to Nixon's resignation). In 1971, when Pakistani troops were blockading what was then East Pakistan, WRI launched Operation Omega to
War Resisters' International
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cases it has been alleged that the censorship was as much political as military in purpose. This was particularly true during the Vietnam War and the 1983 invasion of Grenada. Such issues arose again during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, when many embedded reporters accompanied soldiers as they made their way into the country. These reports were subject to censorship in that they were not allowed to reveal military-sensitive material. In the Pentagon Papers case ("New York Times Co. v. United States", ), the Nixon administration sought to enjoin "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post" newspapers from publishing
Prior restraint
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Post" (2017). He appears as himself in Ken Burns' 2017 documentary series, "The Vietnam War". Neil Sheehan Cornelius Mahoney "Neil" Sheehan (born October 27, 1936) is an American journalist. As a reporter for "The New York Times" in 1971, Sheehan obtained the classified Pentagon Papers from Daniel Ellsberg. His series of articles revealed a secret United States Department of Defense history of the Vietnam War and led to a US Supreme Court case, , when the United States government unsuccessfully attempted to halt publication. He received a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award for his 1988 book "A Bright
Neil Sheehan
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quorum, however, prevented the Senate from convening. As chair of the Senate Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Gravel convened a meeting of the subcommittee and spent an hour reading part of the Pentagon Papers into the record. Prevented by his dyslexia from continuing, Gravel had the remainder of the Pentagon Papers entered into the record. Gravel arranged to have the Pentagon Papers published by a private publisher, Beacon Press, a non-profit book publisher owned by the Unitarian Universalist Association. A federal grand jury was empaneled to investigate possible violations of federal law in the release of the report. Leonard
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president. Five members of the third generation are currently working in the business. When Mac Papers opened in 1965, its slogan was "paper is all we do." While the company remains committed to its paper business, Mac Papers has diversified its core business into four distinct segments: Paper & Print, Packaging, Facilities Supplies and Office Products. The company launched a website to celebrate its 50th year in business. Paper & Print: Mac Papers product line includes coated, uncoated, board, text and cover, writing, carbonless, pressure sensitive papers, digital papers, web papers and more. Mac Papers' sister company, Mac Papers Envelops
Mac Papers
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Graham, the "New York Times" legal correspondent, predicted that the government would win the case. In an editorial on March 11, 1979, "The Washington Post" wrote that "The Progressive" case, "as a press-versus-government First Amendment contest, is John Mitchell's dream case—the one the Nixon Administration was never lucky enough to get: a real First Amendment loser." The newspaper called on "The Progressive" to "forget about publishing it". In the "Pentagon Papers" case, Professor Alexander Bickel, an expert on the United States Constitution, when asked hypothetically if prior restraint could ever be justified, had told the court that he would draw
United States v. Progressive, Inc.
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Vietnamese attempt to overrun Cambodia in 1970 was launched at the explicit request of the Khmer Rouge and negotiated by Pol Pot's then-second-in-command, Nuon Chea. Nixon's campaign promise to curb the war, contrasted with the escalated bombing, led to claims that Nixon had a "credibility gap" on the issue. It is estimated that between 50,000 and 150,000 people were killed during the bombing of Cambodia between 1970 and 1973. In 1971, excerpts from the "Pentagon Papers", which had been leaked by Daniel Ellsberg, were published by "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post". When news of the leak first
Richard Nixon
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of Cambodian leader Norodom Sihanouk. Even within the administration, many disapproved of the incursions into Cambodia, and anti-war protesters were irate. The bombing of Cambodia continued into the 1970s in support of the Cambodian government of Lon Nol—which was then battling a Khmer Rouge insurgency in the Cambodian Civil War—as part of Operation Freedom Deal. In 1971, Nixon ordered incursions into Laos to attack North Vietnamese bases, provoking further domestic unrest. That same year, excerpts from the "Pentagon Papers" were published by "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post". When news of the leak first appeared, Nixon was inclined
Presidency of Richard Nixon
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described by "Huffington Post" writer Nell Minow as being "one of the most moving scenes ever filmed." For Guillermo del Toro's fantasy drama "The Shape of Water", released in December, Stuhlbarg was required to speak Russian to play Dr. Robert Hoffstetler, a Soviet spy. His final performance of 2017 and second release of December, was as "The New York Times" executive editor A. M. Rosenthal, in Steven Spielberg's political thriller "The Post", which starred Tom Hanks and Meryl Streep and depicts the publishing of the "Pentagon Papers" by journalists from "The Washington Post" and "The Times". With his performances in
Michael Stuhlbarg
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career, since at that time the platinum papers required ultra-violet light to activate. Weston did not have an artificial ultra-violet light source, so he had to place the contact print directly in sunlight in order to expose it. This limited him to printing only on sunny days. When he wanted a print that was larger than the original negative size, he used an enlarger to create a larger inter-positive, then contact printed it to a new negative. The new larger negative was then used to make a print of that size. This process was very labor-intensive; he once wrote in
Edward Weston
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increased significantly in the years leading up to the U.S. departure in 1973, enabling the North Vietnamese to mount full-scale conventional offensives against the South, complete with tanks, heavy artillery, and the most modern surface-to-air missiles. The credibility of the U.S. government again suffered in 1971 when "The New York Times", "The Washington Post" and other newspapers serially published "The Pentagon Papers" (actually "U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967"). This top-secret historical study of the American commitment in Vietnam, from the Franklin Roosevelt administration until 1967, had been contracted to the RAND Corporation by Secretary of Defense McNamara. The documents were leaked to
Role of the United States in the Vietnam War
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McNamara admitted that the containment of China would ultimately sacrifice a significant amount of America's time, money and lives. Years before the August 2, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred, the U.S. government was indirectly or directly involved in Vietnam's affairs: In a section of the "Pentagon Papers" titled "Kennedy Commitments and Programs," America's commitment to South Vietnam was attributed to the creation of the country by the United States. As acknowledged by the papers: In a sub-section titled "Special American Commitment to Vietnam", the papers emphasized once again the role played by the United States: More specifically, the United
Pentagon Papers
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McCormack-Dickstein Committee of the 1930s. Phil Graham's friendship with JFK remained strong until their untimely deaths in 1963. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover reportedly told the new President Lyndon B. Johnson, "I don't have much influence with the "Post" because I frankly don't read it. I view it like the "Daily Worker"." Ben Bradlee became the editor-in-chief in 1968, and Kay Graham officially became the publisher in 1969, paving the way for the aggressive reporting of the "Pentagon Papers" and Watergate scandals. In the mid-1970s, some conservatives referred to the "Post" as ""Pravda" on the Potomac" because of its perceived
The Washington Post
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of "The Washington Post"'s printing of the Pentagon Papers. Production began in New York on May 30, 2017. The film began a limited release on December 22, 2017, with a wide release following on January 12, 2018. Spielberg directed the film adaptation of the popular sci-fi novel "Ready Player One", by Ernest Cline. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Simon Pegg and Mark Rylance. It began production in London in July 2016, a year before "The Post", which was filmed, edited and released during the lengthy, effects-heavy post-production period for "Ready Player One". "Ready Player One" was
Steven Spielberg
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"Pentagon Papers" case—among them James Greenfield, James Goodale, Allan Siegal, and Max Frankel—objected to the film's production due to the script's lack of emphasis on the "Times" role in breaking the story. Goodale, who was at the time the "Times"s in-house counsel, later called the film "a good movie but bad history." The film began principal photography in New York on May 30, 2017. On June 6, 2017, it was announced that the project, retitled "The Papers", would also star Alison Brie, Carrie Coon, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, Sarah Paulson, Jesse Plemons, Matthew Rhys, Michael Stuhlbarg,
The Post (film)
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legal advice. The paper's regular outside counsel, Lord Day & Lord, advised against publication, but in-house counsel James Goodale prevailed with his argument that the press had a First Amendment right to publish information significant to the people's understanding of their government's policy. "The New York Times" began publishing excerpts on June 13, 1971; the first article in the series was titled "Vietnam Archive: Pentagon Study Traces Three Decades of Growing US Involvement". The study was dubbed "The Pentagon Papers" during the resulting media publicity. Street protests, political controversy, and lawsuits followed. To ensure the possibility of public debate about
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Dick Cheney was primarily responsible for the oversight of these press restrictions, and modeled the restrictions after the press blackout during the invasion of Panama in 1989. The Pentagon televised daily briefings primarily conducted by Lieutenant General Thomas Kelley. White House Chief of Staff John Sununu said the only time information was withheld was when it threatened national security. The press did attempt to fight back to the administration's access policies during the Gulf War. Bureau chiefs from print and television collaborated on a letter to President Bush communicating concerns about the restrictions in Saudi Arabia particularly. Ted Koppel, host
Media coverage of the Gulf War
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science at University of Michigan, where he taught until 1982. However, Whiting remained heavily involved in State Department affairs, even traveling to the summer home of Richard Nixon in San Clemente to personally brief him about the threat of a Sino-Soviet war. In the early 1970s, Whiting was pulled back into public affairs with the publishing of the Pentagon Papers. Asked to testify about the matter as an expert witness during the subsequent trial, Whiting testified that the disclosure of the Pentagon papers had not damaged the national defense, stating, "I cannot see any way in which these [the Pentagon
Allen S. Whiting
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to journalism and writing novels. He worked for various New York publications, including "The New York Times", "New York Daily News", "New York Post" and "New York Magazine". In 1971, Zion revealed that Daniel Ellsberg was the source of the Pentagon Papers, the classified study detailing Washington deceit in Vietnam, then being published by the "Times" and "The Washington Post". Zion, who was not affiliated with any news organization at the time, made the revelation on a popular New York City radio show. Many journalists regarded his disclosure of Ellsberg's identity as a breach of professional ethics, and Zion said
Sidney Zion
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the 20th century. McChesney argued that Bagdikian was "certainly accorded more respect by working journalists" than Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, the authors of "Manufacturing Consent", due to their perceived radicalism, in contrast to Bagdikian's liberal views. Progressive journalist and writer John Nichols, writing for the "Nation", called Bagdikian a "pioneering media reformer." He said of Bagdikian in an interview with "Democracy Now!": The "Pentagon Papers" controversy at the "Washington Post" was recounted in the 2017 Steven Spielberg film "The Post". Bagdikian was played by Bob Odenkirk. Bagdikian received honorary degrees, among others, from Brown University (Doctor of Humane
Ben Bagdikian
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founded. In 1876, the other predecessor of the paper, "The New Dominion" was founded. In 1930, "The New Dominion" became "The Dominion News". Around this time, the two papers formed the West Virginia Newspaper Publishing Company and consolidated their publishing operations. It was not until 1973 that the two papers officially merged and became "The Dominion Post". "The Dominion Post" had a free online edition available since 1996, but switched to a paid service in January 2005. The system runs on a custom software platform that allows users to see and navigate the same version of the print edition online.
The Dominion Post (Morgantown)
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initially as two papers, the "Evening Post" and "Evening Echo", it was an attempt by the Thomson Organization, then Britain's biggest newspaper group, to break the Beaverbrook and Northcliffe domination of the London-Home Counties evening paper market. Two other papers - the "Slough Evening Mail" and the "Reading Evening Post" - were part of this strategy. Lord (Roy) Thomson invested millions in the experiment, which he believed would profit from what he saw as huge advertising potential in prosperous communities north and west of London. His efforts were thwarted from the start by demands from the print unions, which insisted
Hemel Hempstead Evening Post-Echo
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only to the public but also to Congress". More specifically, the papers revealed that the U.S. had secretly enlarged the scope of its actions in the Vietnam War with the bombings of nearby Cambodia and Laos, coastal raids on North Vietnam, and Marine Corps attacks, none of which were reported in the mainstream media. For his disclosure of the "Pentagon Papers", Ellsberg was initially charged with conspiracy, espionage, and theft of government property, but the charges were later dismissed after prosecutors investigating the Watergate scandal discovered that the staff members in the Nixon White House had ordered the so-called White
Pentagon Papers
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work Daniel Ellsberg had been doing for the Rand Corporation and how he managed to remove the Pentagon Papers from Rand headquarters. The scandal that forced a president to resign was Watergate, and the "Post" was the paper that broke the story. Because of his role at the paper during the Watergate reporting, Aarons was hired as an accuracy consultant for the "Post"-centered film about the scandal, "All the President's Men". He also had a bit part in the movie. In 1981 Aarons met Israeli computer consultant Joshua Boneh at his Jewish Community Center in Washington D.C. "He followed Boneh
Leroy F. Aarons
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Richard Nixon was president." An editorial in "The Washington Post "stated "they hardly provide a secret history of the war or disclose previously unknown malfeasance" and that "tends to fill out and confirm the narrative of Afghanistan between 2004 and 2009 that most Americans are already familiar with". "The Post" commented that it hardly merited the media hype and was not comparable to the Pentagon Papers or the MfS files. The editorial argued that WikiLeaks' founder revealed his organization's antiwar agenda by making the claim it contained evidence for prosecuting war crimes. Blake Hounshell wrote in his blog on "Foreign
Afghan War documents leak
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public performance. Other cast members were Hugh Grant and Simon Helberg. Robbie Collin considered it to be one of her most "human performance" and felt that it was "full of warmth that gives way to heart-pinching pathos". She won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy, and received Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, and BAFTA nominations. Streep next starred as the first American female newspaper publisher, Katharine Graham, to Tom Hanks' Ben Bradlee, in Steven Spielberg's political drama "The Post" (2017), which centers on "The Washington Post"s publication of the 1971 Pentagon Papers. The film received
Meryl Streep
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a Marine Corps brigadier general. It lasted 13 years before ending in divorce (at her request, as he stated in his memoir "Secrets"). They have two children, Robert Ellsberg and Mary Ellsberg. In 1970, he married Patricia Marx, daughter of toy maker Louis Marx. They are the parents of a son, Michael Ellsberg, who is an author and journalist. Daniel Ellsberg Daniel Ellsberg (born April 7, 1931) is an American activist and former United States military analyst who, while employed by the RAND Corporation, precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the "Pentagon Papers", a top-secret Pentagon
Daniel Ellsberg
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Daniel Ellsberg Daniel Ellsberg (born April 7, 1931) is an American activist and former United States military analyst who, while employed by the RAND Corporation, precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the "Pentagon Papers", a top-secret Pentagon study of the U.S. government decision-making in relation to the Vietnam War, to "The New York Times" and other newspapers. On January 3, 1973, Ellsberg was charged under the Espionage Act of 1917 along with other charges of theft and conspiracy, carrying a total maximum sentence of 115 years. Due to governmental misconduct and illegal evidence-gathering, and the defense
Daniel Ellsberg
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post war phenomena presented an opportunity to study the Soviet Print Media as compared to the French and the US controlled papers operating in the same region. Phillip Davison, then Chief of the Plans and Directives Branch, Information Control Division of the U.S. Office of Military Government, Berlin, found through an objective mathematical analyses of the news content published in each of the six papers, that while the western affiliates presented balanced articles on most subjects, that is both the positive and negative side of the story, that the Soviet sponsored papers tended to publish articles with either a very
Printed media in the Soviet Union
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Jefferson" was created by Goudy Award-winning designer P. J. Conkwright of Princeton University Press, and one element of the design was a new Linotype font created for the edition. Called Monticello, the font was based on typefaces from Jefferson's era. In 2003 the English typographer Matthew Carter transformed the font into digital format. Volumes for "The Papers of Thomas Jefferson" are released in print through Princeton University Press for both the pre- and post-1809 Jefferson papers. The first volume was published in 1950. As of January 2015, the Princeton editorial team has produced 41 volumes of work spanning the years
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
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the Press: the Inside Story of the Pentagon Papers and Other Battles" was published by CUNY Journalism Press. In this book, Goodale analyzed the important of the Pentagon Papers case and also chronicled significant events in the history of freedom of the press in the United States from 1968 to the date of publication (2013). "The New York Times", and the "New York Review of Books" reviewed the book favorably. The book received positive reviews from numerous other sources. The "Times" said Goodale, though, had a unique vantage point, and gives a deeply informed, even gossipy firsthand look at the
James Goodale
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the law firm of Cahill Gordon & Reindel and Yale Law School professor Alexander Bickel, defended the Times in court. Goodale was the first to develop the now widely accepted arguments that the Espionage Act should not apply to publishers or the press. These arguments were later adopted after the Pentagon Papers trial by District Court Judge Murray Gurfein. After his decision, the Justice Department dropped the Espionage Act argument from the case. In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court ruled the US government could not stop the "Times" from publishing the Pentagon Papers, holding that prior restraints were barred
James Goodale
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The Man Who Had All the Luck The Tale of the Allergist's Wife Sonia Flew Biloxi Blues Moving Bodies (Radio Play) The Life Of Galileo Stick Fly Major Barbara Secret Order The Paris Letter Top Secret: Battle For The Pentagon Papers Boats On A River Speech and Debate (play) Summer and Smoke Broadway Bound Top Secret: Battle For The Pentagon Papers (National Tour) Relativity (Radio Play) The Rivalry The Real Thing Beloved Clara Odyssey of Love Ceremonies in Dark Old Men Betrayed; This is Our Youth Art (play) War Of The Worlds & The Lost World The Importance of Being
L.A. Theatre Works
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New York Times" only published about five percent of the study's 7,000 pages. The Beacon Press edition was also incomplete. Halperin, who had originally classified the study as secret, obtained most of the unpublished portions under the Freedom of Information Act and the University of Texas published them in 1983. The National Security Archive published the remaining portions in 2002. The study itself remained formally classified until 2011. The "Pentagon Papers" revealed that the United States had expanded its war with the bombing of Cambodia and Laos, coastal raids on North Vietnam, and Marine Corps attacks, none of which had
Pentagon Papers
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said that they voted for acquittal. However, the federal judge who presided over the case dismissed it on grounds it had been tainted by the Nixon administration's burglary of the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist. Zinn's testimony on the motivation for government secrecy was confirmed in 1989 by Erwin Griswold, who as U.S. solicitor general during the Nixon administration, sued "The New York Times" in the Pentagon Papers case in 1971 to stop publication. Griswold persuaded three Supreme Court justices to vote to stop "The New York Times" from continuing to publish the Pentagon Papers, an order known as "prior restraint"
Howard Zinn
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controversial National Security Agency (NSA) domestic phone monitoring program. He represented the "Times" in four of its United States Supreme Court cases, including "Branzburg v. Hayes" in which the "Times" intervened on behalf of its reporter Earl Caldwell. The other cases were "New York Times v. Sullivan", "New York Times Co. v. United States" (the Pentagon Papers case), and "New York Times Co. v. Tasini". He was the leading force behind the "Times"' decision to publish the Pentagon Papers in 1971. After the "Times' " outside counsel, Lord Day & Lord, advised the "Times" against publishing classified information and quit
James Goodale
3854399
had played a role in releasing the Pentagon Papers to the press, and that he would have liked to see Hoopes taken to court by the government alongside various newspapermen. A 1996 article in The New York Times said that the Pentagon Papers had demonstrated, among other things, that the Johnson Administration "systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress." Hoopes also became co-chairman of Americans for SALT, director of the American Committee on U.S. Soviet Relations, and a distinguished international executive at the University of Maryland, College Park. In 2002, he became senior fellow of Washington
Townsend Hoopes
894945
signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the war. Daniel Ellsberg, a former RAND consultant who had secretly copied "The Pentagon Papers", which described the history of the United States' military involvement in Southeast Asia, gave a copy to Howard and Roslyn Zinn. Along with Noam Chomsky, Zinn edited and annotated the copy of "The Pentagon Papers" that Senator Mike Gravel read into the Congressional Record and that was subsequently published by Beacon Press. Announced on August 17 and published on October 10, 1971, this four-volume, relatively expensive set became
Howard Zinn
1759118
mistrial; they were not acquitted of violating the Espionage Act. In March 1972, political scientist Samuel L. Popkin, then assistant professor of Government at Harvard University, was jailed for a week for his refusal to answer questions before a grand jury investigating the Pentagon Papers case, during a hearing before the Boston Federal District Court. The Faculty Council later passed a resolution condemning the government's interrogation of scholars on the grounds that "an unlimited right of grand juries to ask any question and to expose a witness to citations for contempt could easily threaten scholarly research". Gelb estimated that "The
Pentagon Papers
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and the backing of Diem's regime thereafter. As written by Lansdale in a 1961 memorandum: "We (the U.S.) must support Ngo Dinh Diem until another strong executive can replace him legally." According to the "Pentagon Papers", the U.S. government played a key role in the 1963 South Vietnamese coup, in which President Ngo Dinh Diem was assassinated. While maintaining "clandestine contact" with Vietnamese generals planning a coup, the U.S. cut off its aid to President Diem and openly supported a successor government in what the authors called an "essentially leaderless Vietnam": As early as August 23, 1963, an unnamed U.S.
Pentagon Papers
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House Plumbers to engage in unlawful efforts to discredit Ellsberg. In June 2011, the entirety of the "Pentagon Papers" was declassified and publicly released. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara created the Vietnam Study Task Force on June 17, 1967, for the purpose of writing an "encyclopedic history of the Vietnam War". McNamara claimed that he wanted to leave a written record for historians, to prevent policy errors in future administrations. McNamara neglected to inform either President Lyndon Johnson or Secretary of State Dean Rusk about the study. One report claimed that McNamara planned to give the work to his friend
Pentagon Papers
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would have prevented them from publishing the article. This resulted in the lawyers being restricted in their communications with their clients. In seeking a temporary restraining order, government lawyers argued that "The Progressive" was about to break the law, causing irreparable harm. The data in the article was born classified, so it did not matter that it was an original work of the author. They noted that prior restraint had been upheld by the courts before in matters of national security, and argued that the "Pentagon Papers" decision did not apply as the Atomic Energy Act specifically allowed for injunctive
United States v. Progressive, Inc.
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study in how not to respond to a crisis" and "a public relations disaster". A. A. Leiserowitz, Director of the Yale University Project on Climate Change, and colleagues found in 2010 that: In late 2011, Steven F. Hayward wrote that "Climategate did for the global warming controversy what the Pentagon Papers did for the Vietnam war 40 years ago: It changed the narrative decisively." An editorial in "Nature" said that many in the media "were led by the nose, by those with a clear agenda, to a sizzling scandal that steadily defused as the true facts and context were made
Climatic Research Unit email controversy
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but submitted that request. The President approved sending two Marine battalions on February 26. Other than possibly Westmoreland, they were seen purely as defensive troops. Westmoreland denies assuming they would be available for missions outside the base. The "Pentagon Papers" suggest he did see a wider mission, but there is no strong evidence that he did; these troops were the first U.S. land combat forces committed to the Asian mainland since the Korean War. Ambassador Taylor, a retired general with extensive combat experience, objected. His calculation was that one battalion would protect the base from any plausible direct VC ground
Joint warfare in South Vietnam, 1963–1969
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Southern Democratic congressmen seriously discussed the possibility of switching parties to give Republicans control of the House, but these talks were derailed by the Watergate scandal. After the Supreme Court denied the Nixon administration's request to prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers, Nixon and Ehrlichman established the White House Special Investigations Unit, also known as the "Plumbers." The Plumbers were charged with preventing future news leaks and retaliating against Daniel Ellsberg, who had been behind the leaking of the Pentagon Papers. Among those who joined the Plumbers were G. Gordon Liddy, E. Howard Hunt, and Charles Colson. Shortly after
Presidency of Richard Nixon
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The Most Dangerous Man in America The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers is a 2009 documentary film directed by Judith Ehrlich and Rick Goldsmith. The film follows Daniel Ellsberg and explores the events leading up to the publication of the "Pentagon Papers", which exposed the top-secret military history of the United States involvement in Vietnam. The film was shown on the PBS series "POV" in 2010, for which it earned a Peabody Award. International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam Palm Springs International Film Festival National Board of Review, USA Mill Valley Film Festival, USA San
The Most Dangerous Man in America
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Luis Obispo International Film Festival, USA Boulder International Film Festival, USA It's All True Film Festival, Brazil Fresno Film Festival, USA Sydney Film Festival, Australia Mendocino Film Festival, USA Docaviv Film Festival, Israel Traverse City Film Festival, USA American Historical Association, USA History Makers Award, USA The Most Dangerous Man in America The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers is a 2009 documentary film directed by Judith Ehrlich and Rick Goldsmith. The film follows Daniel Ellsberg and explores the events leading up to the publication of the "Pentagon Papers", which exposed the top-secret military history
The Most Dangerous Man in America
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Chinen, Okinawa According to the "Chūzan Seikan" (1650), the creation goddess, Amamikyu, built Chinen Castle soon after forming the Ryukyu Islands. Chinen was important for later lords and kings because of its many holy sites, most notably Sefa-utaki. The village of Chinen (pronounced shi-nen) was appropriated by the United States in 1948 for the purpose of building a secret Central Intelligence Agency operated logistics base, under US Army cover, known as Camp Chinen. Camp Chinen was closed after it was exposed in The Pentagon Papers. The Pentagon Papers revealed a 1961 memo from General Edward Lansdale to General Maxwell Taylor
Chinen, Okinawa
4189805
Lifetime TV film starring Sigourney Weaver in her first made-for-television film. In 1991 Aarons revisited the "Pentagon Papers" case, co-authoring a docudrama with Geoffrey Cowan, "Top Secret: The Battle for the Pentagon Papers". That year it aired on National Public Radio, performed by Ed Asner and Marsha Mason. The play won the coveted Corporation for Public Broadcasting's Gold Award for best live entertainment program on public radio. "Top Secret" still tours colleges nationwide as a production of LA Theatre Works. Another of his plays, "Zeke the Profane", deals with the ambivalent attitudes many Reform Jews have towards circumcision. Friends of
Leroy F. Aarons
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was charged with a federal crime. Found guilty at trial, Kehler served twenty-two months of a two-year sentence. Daniel Ellsberg's exposure to Kehler in August 1969 (as Kehler was preparing to submit to his sentence) at the 13th Triennial Meeting of the War Resisters International, held at Haverford College, was a pivotal event in Ellsberg's decision to copy and release the Pentagon Papers. (It was Ellsberg's release of the Pentagon Papers which led President Nixon to create a group of in-house spies, who undertook the ill-fated Watergate break-in, which led to Nixon's resignation). The refusal of Randy and his wife
Randy Kehler
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the top-secret Pentagon Papers in 1971, stated in an interview with CNN that he thought Snowden had done an "incalculable" service to his country and that his leaks might prevent the United States from becoming a surveillance state. He said Snowden had acted with the same sort of courage and patriotism as a soldier in battle. In an op-ed the following morning, Ellsberg added that "there has not been in American history a more important leak than Edward Snowden's release of NSA material ... including the Pentagon Papers." Ray McGovern, a retired CIA officer turned political activist, agreed with Ellsberg
Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure
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Center opened at the Pentagon in early October 1962 to replace the Air Force Command Post as the Joint Chiefs' command post. The ANMCC included 473L C equipment, including several IBM computers. It was started in early 1962 when the JCS area with the Joint War Room was expanded from ~ to ~ by 1965 (the Pentagon's "Navy Flag Plot" coordinated the Cuban Missile Crisis blockade.) The NMCC was initially considered an "interim" location until the Deep Underground Command Center (DUCC) could be completed below the Pentagon (never built). The NMCC had "direct communications with MACV headquarters in Saigon" during
National Military Command System
4904060
notable legal dispute over a government attempt to censor newspapers arose in the context of the Watergate Scandal during the early 1970s. Richard Nixon's administration attempted to block "The New York Times" and the "Washington Post" from publishing information contained in the "Pentagon Papers". The matter was resolved after a two-week delay by the United States Supreme Court in New York Times Co. v. United States, in which the Court ruled that the publication ban was a violation of the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech and of the press. The US Supreme Court ruled the imposition of damages
Publication ban
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page collection. For 15 days, the "Times" was prevented from publishing its articles by court order requested by the Nixon administration. Meanwhile, while eluding an FBI manhunt for thirteen days, Ellsberg leaked the documents to "The Washington Post" and 17 other newspapers. On June 30, the US Supreme Court ordered free resumption of publication by the "Times" ("New York Times Co. v. United States"). Two days prior to the Supreme Court's decision, Ellsberg publicly admitted his role in releasing the Pentagon Papers to the press. On June 29, 1971, U.S. Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska entered 4,100 pages of the
Daniel Ellsberg
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Goodale spearheaded the financial reorganization of the "Times". He advised the "Times' "publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger to purchase Cowles Communications, a transaction that helped the Times regain profitability. He also conceived and implemented the stock structure which was used to bring the New York Times public, a structure that was later copied by "The Washington Post" and other media companies. In March 1971, former Defense Department employee Daniel Ellsberg leaked the Pentagon Papers to "New York Times" reporter Neil Sheehan. Executives at the "Times" argued for three months about whether to publish them or not. Harding Bancroft, the Senior Vice
James Goodale
1759114
Ben Bradlee. That day, Assistant U.S. Attorney General William Rehnquist asked "The Washington Post" to cease publication. After the paper refused, Rehnquist sought an injunction in U.S. district court. Judge Murray Gurfein declined to issue such an injunction, writing that "[t]he security of the Nation is not at the ramparts alone. Security also lies in the value of our free institutions. A cantankerous press, an obstinate press, a ubiquitous press must be suffered by those in authority to preserve the even greater values of freedom of expression and the right of the people to know." The government appealed that decision,
Pentagon Papers
12875833
William Glendon William R. Glendon (c. 1920 – December 25, 2008) was an American attorney who specialized in issues relating to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and represented "The Washington Post" in the Pentagon Papers case. Glendon was born in Medford, Massachusetts and grew up in Stoneham, Massachusetts. He attended College of the Holy Cross and enlisted in the United States Navy in 1941 following graduation. He served on a troop transport ship as a communications officer and earned five battle stars for his participation in the amphibious invasions of North Africa, Italy and the Normandy Landings.
William Glendon
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later, he reversed his position in an op-ed piece in "The Washington Post", writing, "I have never seen any trace of a threat to the national security from the publication" of the Pentagon Papers." He suggested that government demands for secrecy be treated with some skepticism by the public. In 1973, Griswold resigned as Solicitor General and joined the international law firm of Jones Day Reavis & Pogue in Washington, D.C. He continued to argue many cases before the Supreme Court up until his death in 1994. He also served as a mentor to many of the young lawyers in
Erwin Griswold
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historian Selig Perlman. Martin was portrayed by Broadway star Jessie Mueller in "The Post", Steven Spielberg's 2017 movie about the Pentagon Papers. Judith Martin Judith Martin (née Perlman; born September 13, 1938), better known by the pen name Miss Manners, is an American journalist, author, and etiquette authority. Martin is the daughter of Helen and Jacob Perlman. Her father was born in 1898 in Białystok, then part of the Russian Empire, now in Poland. He immigrated to the United States in 1912. In 1925, he received his doctorate from the University of Wisconsin, in economics. Jacob married Helen Aronson in
Judith Martin
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of Scarsdale and Fishers Island, Glendon died at age 89 on December 25, 2008 in White Plains, New York. William Glendon William R. Glendon (c. 1920 – December 25, 2008) was an American attorney who specialized in issues relating to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and represented "The Washington Post" in the Pentagon Papers case. Glendon was born in Medford, Massachusetts and grew up in Stoneham, Massachusetts. He attended College of the Holy Cross and enlisted in the United States Navy in 1941 following graduation. He served on a troop transport ship as a communications officer and
William Glendon
10122448
Leonard Boudin Leonard B. Boudin (July 20, 1912 – November 24, 1989) was an American civil liberties attorney and left-wing activist who represented Daniel Ellsberg of Pentagon Papers fame and Dr. Benjamin Spock, the author of "Baby and Child Care", who advocated draft resistance during the Vietnam War. Other opponents of the Vietnam war whom he represented were Julian Bond, William Sloan Coffin, and Philip Berrigan. Boudin was the son of Clara (Hessner) and Joseph Boudin, Jewish immigrants. He represented other controversial clients including the Church of Scientology, Judith Coplon, Jimmy Hoffa, the post-revolutionary government of Cuba, Paul Robeson, and
Leonard Boudin
3367985
Ben Bagdikian Ben Haig Bagdikian (January 30, 1920 – March 11, 2016) was an Armenian-American journalist, news media critic and commentator, and university professor. An Armenian Genocide survivor, Bagdikian moved to the United States as an infant and began a journalism career after serving in World War II. He worked as a local reporter, investigative journalist and foreign correspondent for "The Providence Journal". During his time there, he won a Peabody Award and a Pulitzer Prize. In 1971, he received parts of the "Pentagon Papers" from Daniel Ellsberg and successfully persuaded the "Washington Post" to publish them despite objections and
Ben Bagdikian
17851752
"The Intercept" published the Drone Papers, a series of stories based on a cache of leaked secret documents detailing the inner workings of the U.S. military's assassination program in Afghanistan, Yemen, and Somalia. The news site said that the documents were "provided by a whistleblower" and offered "an unprecedented glimpse into Obama's drone wars". The revelations were praised by Pentagon Papers whistleblower, Daniel Ellsberg, and NSA leaker, Edward Snowden, who said: "When we look back on today, we will find the most important national security story of the year." Micah Zenko, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations,
The Intercept
9233872
National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial. The trail section was first proposed in 1993 but it took decades to complete. The first section, from Memorial Circle to the existing sidewalks along the Pentagon grounds was completed in the late 1990s. In 2006, as part of a renovation of the Pentagon following 9/11, a section was built adjacent to the new security wall. Another section along the Pentagon Memorial was built in conjunction with that project and opened in September 2008. From 2015 to 2018, VDOT rebuilt the Washington Boulevard Bridge over Route 27 and when they did, they built the section of
Washington Boulevard (Arlington)
4952412
According to Newsweek, "The most recent CIA analysis is an update—based on fresh reporting from Iraq and interviews with former Saddam officials—of a classified report that analysts in the CIA's Directorate of Intelligence first produced more than a year ago." In February 2006, the Pentagon published a study of the so-called Harmony database documents captured in Afghanistan. While the study did not look specifically at allegations of Iraq's ties to al-Qaeda, it did analyze papers that offer insight into the history of the movement and tensions among the leadership. In particular, it found evidence that al-Qaeda jihadists had viewed Saddam
Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations
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accomplished painter and architect. Stained-glass artist Frederic Crowninshield (1845–1918) was an instructor at the Museum of Fine Arts School of Drawing and Painting in Boston. Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee was the executive editor of "The Washington Post" during the publication of the Pentagon Papers and played a pivotal role in the newspaper's coverage of the Watergate scandal. He stepped down as executive editor and became a member of the editorial board and vice president at large in 1991. The Crowninshields were responsible for bringing the first elephant to the U.S. The elephant arrived on April 12, 1796, brought by Jacob Crowninshield,
Crowninshield family
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New York Times Co. v. United States New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the First Amendment. The ruling made it possible for "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post" newspapers to publish the then-classified "Pentagon Papers" without risk of government censorship or punishment. President Richard Nixon had claimed executive authority to force the "Times" to suspend publication of classified information in its possession. The question before the court was whether the constitutional freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment, was subordinate
New York Times Co. v. United States