the mughals adopted the rupee from the currency developed by
Sher Shah Suri
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likeness, image". "Arthashastra", written by Chanakya, prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya(c. 340–290 BCE), mentions silver coins as "rūpyarūpa", other types of coins including gold coins (suvarṇarūpa), copper coins (tāmrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are also mentioned. Rūpa means form or shape, example, rūpyarūpa, rūpya – wrought silver, rūpa – form. In the intermediate times there is no fixed monetary system as reported by the "Da Tang Xi Yu Ji". During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1546, Sher Shah Suri set up a new civic and military administration and issued a coin of silver, weighing 178
History of the rupee
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country. The empire had an extensive road network, which was vital to the economic infrastructure, built by a public works department set up by the Mughals which designed, constructed and maintained roads linking towns and cities across the empire, making trade easier to conduct. The Mughals adopted and standardized the rupee ("rupiya", or silver) and dam (copper) currencies introduced by Sur Emperor Sher Shah Suri during his brief rule. The currency was initially 48 dams to a single rupee in the beginning of Akbar's reign, before it later became 38 dams to a rupee in the 1580s, with the dam's
Mughal Empire
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building an extensive road system, creating a uniform currency, and the unification of the country. The Mughals adopted and standardized the rupee currency introduced by Sur Emperor Sher Shah Suri. The Mughals minted tens of millions of coins, with purity of at least 96%, without debasement until the 1720s. The empire met global demand for Indian agricultural and industrial products. Cities and towns boomed under the Mughal Empire, which had a relatively high degree of urbanization (15% of its population lived in urban centres), more urban than Europe at the time and British India in the 19th century. Multiple cities
Economic history of India
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was replaced in 1925 by the Afghani, which is the currency today, but continued to be in circulation until 1978. The rupee itself was first issued by Pashtun monarch Sher Shah Suri during his rule of northern India in the sixteenth century; India still uses its own variant of the rupee (along with Pakistan - "see" Pakistani rupee - since its creation in 1947), whereas Afghanistan does not. In 1919, Treasury notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 rupees. Afghan rupee The Afghan rupee was the currency of Afghanistan until 1925. Before 1891, silver rupees
Afghan rupee
2719059
Indian rupee The Indian rupee (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the official currency of India. The rupee is subdivided into 100 "paise" (singular "paisa"), though as of 2018, coins of denomination of 50 paise or half rupee is the lowest value in use. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management on the basis of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. In 2010, a new rupee symbol ", was officially adopted. It was derived from the combination of the Devanagari
Indian rupee
4673083
the rupee. Following this devaluation, several of the states using the rupee adopted their own currencies. Qatar and most of the Trucial States adopted the Qatar and Dubai riyal, while Abu Dhabi adopted the Bahraini dinar. Only Oman continued to use the Gulf rupee, until 1970, with the government backing the currency at its old peg to the pound. Oman replaced the Gulf rupee with its own rial in 1970. Notes were issued in denominations of 1 rupee by the Indian government and 5, 10 and 100 rupees by the Reserve Bank of India. The notes were in designs very
Gulf rupee
1932009
Bahrain eventually replaced the Gulf rupee with their own currencies (the Kuwaiti dinar and the Bahraini dinar) after gaining independence from Britain in 1961 and 1965, respectively. On 6 June 1966, India devalued the rupee. To avoid following this devaluation, several of the states using the rupee adopted their own currencies. Qatar and most of the Trucial States adopted the Qatar and Dubai riyal, whilst Abu Dhabi adopted the Bahraini dinar. Only Oman continued to use the Gulf rupee until 1970, with the government backing the currency at its old peg to the pound. Oman later replaced the Gulf rupee
Legal tender
667485
regions was the rupee. At Madras, however, the company's accounts were reckoned in "pagodas", "fractions", "fanams", "faluce" and "cash". This system was maintained until 1818 when the rupee was adopted as the unit of currency for the company's operations, the relation between the two systems being 1 pagoda = 3-91 rupees and 1 rupee = 12 fanams. Meanwhile, paper money had been developed. At first, it was thought of for emergency issues, hence were most popular in the colonies of European powers. In the 18th century, important paper issues were made in colonies such as Ceylon and the bordering colonies
Cash
4811161
Qatari riyal The Qatari riyal is the currency of the State of Qatar. It is divided into 100 dirhams () and is abbreviated as either QR (English) or (Arabic). Until 1966, Qatar used the Indian rupee as currency, in the form of Gulf rupees. When India devalued the rupee in 1966, Qatar, along with the other states using the Gulf rupee, chose to introduce its own currency. Before doing so, Qatar briefly adopted the Saudi riyal, then introduced the Qatar and Dubai riyal which was the result of signing the Qatar-Dubai Currency Agreement on 21 March 1966. The Saudi riyal
Qatari riyal
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spread to Zanzibar and British Somaliland, eventually crossing from the horn of Africa to Aden on the Arabian coast in 1951, where it replaced the rupee in that territory. In 1961, Kuwait adopted the dinar as a new unit of account to replace the Indian rupee, and in 1965 the dinar unit replaced the shilling in Aden at twenty shillings to the dinar. In 1966 the rupee was replaced by the dinar in Bahrain, and in Abu Dhabi, while in Qatar, Dubai and the remaining Trucial States, the rupee was replaced by the Saudi Riyal which was a direct descendant
British currency in the Middle East
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for silver coin, from Sanskrit rūpa, beautiful form. Both the Kabuli rupee and the Kandahari rupee were used as currency in Afghanistan prior to 1891, when they were standardized as the Afghan rupee. The Afghan rupee, which was subdivided into 60 paisas, was replaced by the Afghan afghani in 1925. Until the middle of the 20th century, Tibet's official currency was also known as the Tibetan rupee. The Indian rupee was the official currency of Dubai and Qatar until 1959, when India created a new Gulf rupee (also known as the "external rupee") to hinder the smuggling of gold. The
Rupee
2719065
was known as "the fall of the rupee." India was unaffected by the imperial order-in-council of 1825, which attempted to introduce British sterling coinage to the British colonies. British India, at that time, was controlled by the British East India Company. The silver rupee continued as the currency of India through the British Raj and beyond. In 1835, British India adopted a mono-metallic silver standard based on the rupee; this decision was influenced by a letter written by Lord Liverpool in 1805 extolling the virtues of mono-metallism. Following the Indian Mutiny in 1857, the British government took direct control of
Indian rupee
2890009
the armed border dispute between the two emirates in 1946, and he established a close relationship with Qatar. Sheikh Rashid's daughter married the Emir of Qatar in 1961. In 1966, India devalued the rupee, and Qatar and Dubai adopted the Gulf rupee as a common currency, whilst Abu Dhabi adopted the Bahraini dinar. The Emir of Kuwait assisted in the financing of the Dredging of the Creek, along with a popular issue of bonds, the 'creek bonds' and revenue derived from land reclamation made possible by the dredging. The project resulted in Dubai's rising prominence as an entrepôt, a position
Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
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name dinar then became the preferred name for the pound sterling unit of account as it spread to other middle eastern territories. Iraq adopted the dinar in 1931 to replace the Indian rupee that had been introduced by the British during the first world war. Meanwhile, after the first world war, the price of silver rose dramatically. In British East Africa, at the moment when the silver rupee rose to the value of two shillings sterling, the authorities opportunistically introduced a florin system to replace the rupee, with the florin being equal to the rupee at two shillings. Shortly after
British currency in the Middle East
6589709
Burma but no separate coinage was issued. When the Japanese invaded Burma in 1942, they introduced a new currency: the rupee, divided into 100 "cents". This currency was only issued in paper form. The rupee was replaced by the kyat in 1943. In 1945, the Japanese occupation currency was declared worthless and Burma reverted to using Indian coinage and its own rupee paper money. Following independence in 1948, Burma introduced its own rupee currency, consisting of coins and banknotes. One rupee was divided into 16 "pe" (equal to the Indian "anna"), each of 4 "pyas" (equal to the Indian "pice").
Burmese rupee
7188652
pies of a British Indian rupee. Travancore Rupee The Travancore rupee was a type of currency issued by the State of Travancore, now mainly a part of Kerala in South India. The rupee was largely a newer currency in comparison to the older currencies of Kerala such as the "Fanams", "Achus", "Chuckrams" as well as the "Kasu" (or Cash). Its creation was probably intended for the increased trading with British India and the high value transactions therein. The Travancore Rupee was the highest denomination of currency issued for general circulation. The highest face value issued was the '1/2 rupee'. While
Travancore Rupee
2719072
peso. In 1867, administration of the Straits Settlements was separated from India and the Straits dollar was made the standard currency, and attempts to reintroduce the rupee were finally abandoned. After the Partition of India, the Pakistani rupee came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply overstamped with "Pakistan". Previously the Indian rupee was an official currency of other countries, including Aden, Oman, Dubai, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the Trucial States, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, the Seychelles and Mauritius. The Indian government introduced the Gulf rupee – also known as the Persian Gulf rupee (XPGR) – as a
Indian rupee
7188648
Travancore Rupee The Travancore rupee was a type of currency issued by the State of Travancore, now mainly a part of Kerala in South India. The rupee was largely a newer currency in comparison to the older currencies of Kerala such as the "Fanams", "Achus", "Chuckrams" as well as the "Kasu" (or Cash). Its creation was probably intended for the increased trading with British India and the high value transactions therein. The Travancore Rupee was the highest denomination of currency issued for general circulation. The highest face value issued was the '1/2 rupee'. While there had been plans to introduce
Travancore Rupee
10681323
some compensation to the owners of land taken over under both the 1972 and 1975 laws. In early 1988, the state-owned plantations were managed by one of two types of entities, the Janatha Estates Development Board, or the Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation. Additionally, a revamped system of education created a glut of skilled workers that could not find employment. The official currency of Ceylon was the Ceylon Rupee. The Rupee evolved from the Indian Rupee, when in 1929 a new Ceylon Rupee was formed when it was separated from the Indian Rupee. In 1950, the Currency Board, set up
Dominion of Ceylon
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Seychellois rupee The rupee is the currency of the Seychelles. It is subdivided into 100 "cents". In the local Seychellois Creole (Seselwa) language, it is called the "roupi". The international currency code is SCR. The abbreviations SR and SRe are sometimes used. Several other currencies are also called rupee. The British Legislative Council authorized the establishment of a Board of Commissioners of Currency through the Paper Currency Ordinance of 1914, which was enacted by C. R. M. O’Brien, the governor of the Colony of the Seychelles on 10 August 1914. In 1914, the government produced emergency issues of notes for
Seychellois rupee
2957334
let the currency exchange rate adjust to market conditions after many months, or years, of resisting expectations. The Pakistani rupee touched a new low of 110.67 against the USD, and on 18 July it touched another record new low of 128.26 against USD. Pakistani rupee The Pakistani rupee ( / ALA-LC: ; sign: ₨; code: PKR) is the currency of Pakistan. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank of the country. The most commonly used symbol for the rupee is Rs, used on receipts when purchasing goods and services. In Pakistan,
Pakistani rupee
2957321
Pakistani rupee The Pakistani rupee ( / ALA-LC: ; sign: ₨; code: PKR) is the currency of Pakistan. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank of the country. The most commonly used symbol for the rupee is Rs, used on receipts when purchasing goods and services. In Pakistan, the rupee is also spelled as "rupees", "rupaya" or "rupaye". As standard in Pakistani English, large values of rupees are counted in terms of thousands; lakh (100,000); crore (10 million); arab (1 billion); kharab (100 billion). The word "rūpiya" is derived from the
Pakistani rupee
2669094
Nepalese rupee The Nepalese Rupee (, symbol: रू, Rs.; code: NPR) is the official currency of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The Nepalese rupee is subdivided into 100 "paisa". The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Nepal Rastra Bank, the central bank of Nepal. The Nepalese rupee was introduced in 1932, when it replaced the Nepalese mohar at the rate 2:1. Prior to 1994, the Nepalese rupee (रू) was pegged to the Indian Rupee (₹) at the rate रू1.45 = ₹1, however since then it has been pegged at the rate रू1.60 = ₹1 currently. The rupee
Nepalese rupee
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East African rupee The Rupee was the currency of Britain's East African colonies and protectorates between 1906 and 1920. It was divided into 100 cents. The rupee replaced the Indian rupee, which had previously circulated. In 1920, the rupee was revalued against sterling to a peg of 1 rupee = 2 shillings (1 florin). In East Africa, this was followed in the same year by the replacement of the rupee with the East African florin at par. The currency is noteworthy for including the world's first aluminium coin, the 1907 1 Cent. Silver coins were introduced for 25 and 50
East African rupee
1749362
“Rs” or “Rs.”. The rupee sign is encoded in the Unicode character set at U+20A8 (some fonts, such as Microsoft Sans Serif, instead display the Unicode rupee sign erroneously as “Rp”). It is common to find a prefix before the digits denoting the rupee currency value written as “Re: 1” (for one unit), or “Rs. 140” (for more than one rupee). The rupee sign was also formerly used to represent the Indian rupee until 15 July 2010, when it was replaced by a new currency symbol, the Indian rupee sign, ₹. The new sign is a combination of the Devanagari
Rupee
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Gulf rupee The Gulf rupee (Arabic: روبيه or روبيه خليجيه), also known as the Persian Gulf rupee, was a currency used in the countries of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula between 1959 and 1966. It was issued by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India and was equivalent to the Indian rupee. To the middle of the 20th century, the Indian rupee was used as currency in the countries of the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula. Its popularity strained India's foreign reserves and so the Gulf rupee was created. It was introduced by the Indian
Gulf rupee
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the currency, as stronger economies were on the gold standard. During British rule, and the first decade of independence, the rupee was subdivided into 16 annas. Each anna was subdivided into 4 paisas. So one rupee was equal to 64 pice (paisa) In 1957, decimalisation occurred and the rupee was divided into 100 naye paise (Hindi/Urdu for "new paisas"). After a few years, the initial "naye" was dropped. For many years in the early and mid-20th century, the Indian rupee was the official currency in several areas that were controlled by the British and governed from India; areas such as
History of the rupee
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1/8 rupee. Madras fanam The fanam (or panam in the local language of Tamil) was a currency issued by the Madras Presidency until 1815. It circulated alongside the Indian rupee, also issued by the Presidency. The fanam was a small silver coin, subdivided into 80 copper "cash", with the gold "pagoda" worth 42 fanams. The rupee was worth 12 fanams. After 1815, only coins of the rupee currency system were issued. Fanams were also issued in Travancore, worth 1/7 of a rupee, whilst in Danish India the "fano" was issued, worth 1/8 rupee, and in French India the "fanon" was
Madras fanam
373191
stipulations; The country laid off 1,800 government workers, floated its currency, lifted foreign exchange controls and sold off state assets. At the time, the country's $800 million external foreign debt was equivalent to almost 175 percent of its gross domestic product. The decision to let the currency trade freely as part of the IMF rescue package means that Seychelles is the smallest country in the world that has a completely independent currency - one that is neither pegged, nor an adopted foreign currency, nor a common currency used within a larger monetary union. When the Seychellois rupee became freely floated
Economy of Seychelles
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accepted in major supermarkets, airports and electronic shops. Before Malta's adoption of the euro on 1 January 2008, it was the third-highest-valued currency unit after the Kuwaiti dinar and Maltese lira. After Malta adopted the euro, the dinar became the second highest-valued currency unit. Bahraini dinar The dinar ( ') (sign: .د.ب or BD; code: BHD"') is the currency of Bahrain. It is divided into 1000 fils (فلس). The name dinar derives from the Roman denarius. The dinar was introduced in 1965, replacing the Gulf rupee at a rate of 10 rupees = 1 dinar. The Bahraini dinar is abbreviated
Bahraini dinar
14737284
Indian rupee sign The Indian rupee sign (sign: ; code: INR) is the currency symbol for the Indian rupee, the official currency of India. Designed by Udaya Kumar, it was presented to the public by the Government of India on 15 July 2010, following its selection through an "open" competition among Indian residents. Before its adoption, the most commonly used symbols for the rupee were Rs, Re or, if the text was in an Indian language, an appropriate abbreviation in that language. The design is based on the Devanagari letter "र" (ra) with a double horizontal line at the top.
Indian rupee sign
2669101
Silver Jubilee of Birendra Bir Bikram Shah in 1997. Since 2007, Nepalese rupee banknotes have been produced by Perum Peruri, the National Mint Public Company of Indonesia. In 2012, Nepal Rastra Bank issued a revised banknote series that are similar to the 2007 series, but now include inscriptions in English and the year of issue on the back. Nepalese rupee The Nepalese Rupee (, symbol: रू, Rs.; code: NPR) is the official currency of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The Nepalese rupee is subdivided into 100 "paisa". The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Nepal Rastra Bank,
Nepalese rupee
14737294
typing - (a combination that yields the Cent symbol on a US keyboard layout). Sailfish OS also provides the symbol in its default keyboard. Indian rupee sign The Indian rupee sign (sign: ; code: INR) is the currency symbol for the Indian rupee, the official currency of India. Designed by Udaya Kumar, it was presented to the public by the Government of India on 15 July 2010, following its selection through an "open" competition among Indian residents. Before its adoption, the most commonly used symbols for the rupee were Rs, Re or, if the text was in an Indian language,
Indian rupee sign
1932007
India. Both the Nepalese rupee and Bhutanese ngultrum are pegged with the Indian rupee. The Indian rupee used to be an official currency of other countries, including the Straits Settlements (now Singapore and parts of Malaysia), Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States (now the UAE). In 1837, the Indian rupee was made the sole official currency of the Straits Settlements, as it was administered as a part of India. In 1845, the British replaced the Indian rupee with the Straits dollar after administration of the Straits Settlements separated from India earlier in that same year. After partition of India
Legal tender
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Madras fanam The fanam (or panam in the local language of Tamil) was a currency issued by the Madras Presidency until 1815. It circulated alongside the Indian rupee, also issued by the Presidency. The fanam was a small silver coin, subdivided into 80 copper "cash", with the gold "pagoda" worth 42 fanams. The rupee was worth 12 fanams. After 1815, only coins of the rupee currency system were issued. Fanams were also issued in Travancore, worth 1/7 of a rupee, whilst in Danish India the "fano" was issued, worth 1/8 rupee, and in French India the "fanon" was issued, worth
Madras fanam
6556570
Cents in 1906, followed by aluminium 1 Cent and cupro-nickel 10 Cents in 1907, aluminium ½ Cent in 1908 and cupro-nickel 5 Cents in 1913. Cupro-nickel replaced aluminium in 1909. In 1906, notes (the first dated 1905) were introduced by the government of the East Africa Protectorate in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 100 and 500 rupees. In 1920, the East African currency Board issued 1 rupee notes shortly before the rupee was replaced. East African rupee The Rupee was the currency of Britain's East African colonies and protectorates between 1906 and 1920. It was divided into 100 cents.
East African rupee
6885379
Afghan rupee The Afghan rupee was the currency of Afghanistan until 1925. Before 1891, silver rupees circulated with copper "falus" and gold "mohur". The three metals had no fixed exchange rate between them, with different regions issuing their own coins. In 1891, a new currency was introduced, based on the Kabuli rupee. The rupee was subdivided into 60 "paisa", each of 10 "dinar". Other denominations issued included the "shahi" of 5 paisa, the "sanar" of 10 paisa, the "abbasi" of 20 paisa, the "qiran" of 30 paisa and the "tilla" and later the "amani", both of 10 rupee. The rupee
Afghan rupee
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Indian 200-rupee note The Indian 200-rupee note (₹200) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. Post 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, the new currency notes have been announced by the Reserve Bank of India-- ₹2,000, ₹500, ₹200, ₹100, ₹50, ₹20 and ₹10. In order to determine currency denominations, the Reserve Bank of India follows a variation of the Renard series, called the 1-2-5 series, in which a ‘decade’ or a 1:10 ratio is covered in 3 steps, such as 1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 50-, 100-, 200-, 500-, 1,000, etc. The Reserve Bank of India described the 200-rupee notes as the
Indian 200-rupee note
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Zanzibari rupee The rupee () was the currency of Zanzibar from 1908 to December 31, 1935. It was subdivided into 100 "cents" (Arabic: سنت). The rupee replaced the Zanzibari ryal at a rate of 2⅛ rupees = 1 ryal and was equivalent to the Indian rupee, which was also in circulation. The Zanzibari rupee remained equal to the Indian rupee and was replaced on January 1, 1936, by the East African shilling at the rate of 1½ East African shillings = 1 Zanzibari rupee. Bronze coins were introduced in 1908 in denominations of 1 and 10 cents, together with nickel
Zanzibari rupee
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introduced because of increasing silver prices after World War I. At that time, the Indian rupee was the currency of the British East African states. The rupee, being a silver coin, rose in value against sterling. When it reached the value of two shillings, the authorities decided to replace it with the florin. From the florin thence came the East African shilling. The currency remained pegged to one shilling sterling and was subdivided into 100 cents. In 1936, Zanzibar joined the currency board, and the Zanzibari rupee was replaced at a rate of 1.5 East African shillings to 1 Zanzibari
East African shilling
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[[Bombay Presidency]]. It was a walled town, known for its export trade in rapeseed, grain and cotton. [[Radhanpur State|Radhanpur]] came under British control in 1813. Even so, the Nawabs minted their own coins until 1900, when the state adopted the Indian currency; a particularly forward-looking Nawab briefly introduced decimalization, with 100 fulus equaling one rupee. Still, [[India]] did not decimalize its currency until 1957. The state has been held by the [[Babi (title)|Babi]] family since 1753, when Jawan Mard Khan II obtained the districts of Pattan, Vadnagar, Sami, Munjpur, Tharad, Visalnagar, Kheralu, Radhanpur, Tharwarah, and Vijapur from the Marathas. They
Pathans of Gujarat
1932008
and Pakistan in 1947, the Pakistani rupee came into existence, initially using Indian coins and Indian currency notes simply overstamped with the word "Pakistan". New coins and banknotes were issued in 1948. The Gulf rupee, also known as the Persian Gulf rupee (XPGR), was introduced by the Government of India as a replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation exclusively outside the country with the Reserve Bank of India Amendment Act of 1 May 1959. This creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain put on India's foreign reserves by gold smuggling. Two states, Kuwait and
Legal tender
6868729
In 1951, the Hyderabad rupee ceased to be issued and the Indian rupee became the main circulating currency, although the Hyderabad rupee was not demonetized until 1959. The banknotes of Hyderabad were issued from 1918 until 1953. The ruling Nizam of Hyderabad was Mir Osman Ali Khan. Notes issued as early as 1916 have been reported. The notes are dated in the Fasli Era, so adding 589 to the FE date will convert it to the AD date. They were printed in Urdu, with the value of currency written in Urdu, Marathi, Telugu, Kannada and English on them. In 1932,
Hyderabadi rupee
4454051
in 1946, by coins for use in Oman. Both coinages were denominated in baisa (equivalent to the paisa), with 200 baisa to the rial. The Indian rupee and, from 1959, the Gulf rupee continued to circulate. In 1970, the "rial Saidi" (not to be confused with Saudi riyal) was made the currency of Oman. It was equal to the British pound and replaced the Gulf rupee at a rate of approximately 21 rupees to the rial. The new rial was subdivided into 1000 baisa. The "rial Omani" replaced the rial Saidi at par in 1973. The currency name was altered
Omani rial
6986264
20 cents. No further issues of coins were made. In 1908, banknotes were introduced by the government of Zanzibar in denominations of 5, 10, 20, and 100 rupees. 50- and 500-rupee notes were added in 1916, and 1-rupee notes were issued in 1920. All Zanzibari notes were withdrawn in 1936. All of these notes are very rare and valuable. Zanzibari rupee The rupee () was the currency of Zanzibar from 1908 to December 31, 1935. It was subdivided into 100 "cents" (Arabic: سنت). The rupee replaced the Zanzibari ryal at a rate of 2⅛ rupees = 1 ryal and was
Zanzibari rupee
4541049
Coins of the Indian rupee Coins of the Indian rupee were first minted in 1950. New coins have been produced annually since then and they make up a valuable aspect of the Indian currency system. Today, circulating coins exist in denominations of ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, and ₹10. All of these are produced by four mints located across India, in Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Noida. After Indian independence, British Indian coins were in use as a frozen currency until India became a republic in 1950. The first rupee coins of the Republic of India were minted in 1950. These included 1/2
Coins of the Indian rupee
13760953
value rising further in the 17th century as a result of new industrial uses for copper, such as in bronze cannons and brass utensils. The dam was initially the most common coin in Akbar's time, before being replaced by the rupee as the most common coin in succeeding reigns. The dam's value was later worth 30 to a rupee towards the end of Jahangir's reign, and then 16 to a rupee by the 1660s. The Mughals minted coins with high purity, never dropping below 96%, and without debasement until the 1720s. Despite India having its own stocks of gold and
Mughal Empire
17069812
Banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee The banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee are part of the physical form of Sri Lanka's currency. The issuance of the rupee banknotes began in 1895. The Government of Ceylon introduced its first paper money in the form of the 5 rupee banknote in 1895. These were followed by 10 rupee notes in 1894, 1000 rupee notes in 1899, 50 rupee notes in 1914, 1 and 2 rupee notes in 1917 and 100 and 500 rupee notes in 1926. In 1942, emergency issues for 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents were introduced and issued
Banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee
17069807
Banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee The banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee are part of the physical form of Sri Lanka's currency. The issuance of the rupee banknotes began in 1895. The Government of Ceylon introduced its first paper money in the form of the 5 rupee banknote in 1895. These were followed by 10 rupee notes in 1894, 1000 rupee notes in 1899, 50 rupee notes in 1914, 1 and 2 rupee notes in 1917 and 100 and 500 rupee notes in 1926. In 1942, emergency issues for 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents were introduced and issued
Banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee
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in Burmese, "paiksan" (), derives from the Hindi term "paisa". Until the 1950s in India and Pakistan (and before 1947 in British India), the paisa was equivalent to 3 pies, of an anna, or of a rupee. After the transition from a non-decimal currency to a decimal currency, the paisa equaled of a rupee and was known as a "naya paisa" ("new paisa") for a few years to distinguish it from the old paisa that was of a rupee. 1/15/3/2 = 1.9947 1/8/3 = 1.546 1/4 = 1.25 In Hindi, Afghan Persian, Urdu and other languages, the word paisa often
Paisa
4673084
similar to the standard Indian notes but were printed in different colours. While the 1 rupee and 10 rupee notes were printed in red, the 5 rupee notes were printed in orange and the 100 rupee notes were printed in green. The serial numbers of the banknotes issued in all denominations were prefixed by a "Z". style="height:40px" Gulf rupee The Gulf rupee (Arabic: روبيه or روبيه خليجيه), also known as the Persian Gulf rupee, was a currency used in the countries of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula between 1959 and 1966. It was issued by the Government of
Gulf rupee
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Indian Currency Committee The Indian Currency Committee or Fowler Committee was a government committee appointed by the British-run Government of India on 29 April 1898 to examine the currency situation in India. Until 1892, silver was the metal on which Indian currency and coinage had largely been based. In 1892, the Government of India announced its intent to ""close Indian mints to silver"" and, in 1893, it brought this policy into force. The committee recommended that the official Indian rupee be based on the gold standard and the official exchange rate of the rupee be established at 15 rupees per
Indian Currency Committee
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This was the first issue after India became a republic (26 January 1950). Hyderabadi rupee The Hyderabadi Rupee was the currency of the Hyderabad State from 1918 to 1959. It coexisted with the Indian rupee from 1950. Like the Indian rupee, it was divided into 16 annas, each of 12 pai. Coins were issued in copper (later bronze) for denominations of 1 and 2 pai and ½ anna, in cupro-nickel (later bronze) for 1 anna and in silver for 2, 4 and 8 annas and 1 rupee. Hyderabad was the only Indian princely state that was permitted to continue issuing
Hyderabadi rupee
6868726
Hyderabadi rupee The Hyderabadi Rupee was the currency of the Hyderabad State from 1918 to 1959. It coexisted with the Indian rupee from 1950. Like the Indian rupee, it was divided into 16 annas, each of 12 pai. Coins were issued in copper (later bronze) for denominations of 1 and 2 pai and ½ anna, in cupro-nickel (later bronze) for 1 anna and in silver for 2, 4 and 8 annas and 1 rupee. Hyderabad was the only Indian princely state that was permitted to continue issuing its own notes after it was subjected to join the Dominion of India
Hyderabadi rupee
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Kuwaiti dinar The Kuwaiti dinar (, code: KWD) is the currency of Kuwait. It is sub-divided into 1,000 fils. The Kuwaiti dinar is currently the world's highest-valued currency unit per face value. The dinar was introduced in 1960 to replace the Gulf rupee, equal to the Indian rupee. It was initially equivalent to one pound sterling. As the rupee was fixed at 1 shilling 6 pence, that resulted in a conversion rate of rupees to the dinar. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the Iraqi dinar replaced the Kuwaiti dinar as the currency and large quantities of banknotes were stolen
Kuwaiti dinar
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sub unit of the piastre usually known as a "sapèque". Cash was a currency unit of Madras Province during the period of British rule in India. Specifically, it was a subunit of the fanam, rupee, and pagoda. Copper coins of 20 cash were called pice, 10 cash were called dodees, and 5 cash were called half dodees. Travancore cash was similar to the Madras cash yet differed in the value compared to the rupee. thus, 1 rupee = 448 cash. Cash (currency) Cash is a name for several historical currencies used in Asia. It is applied to units used in
Cash (currency)
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issued by the Reserve Bank of India since nationalized paper currency was introduced by the British Administration in 1897. Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma The Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma was a Japanese invasion money issued by the Japanese Military Authority, as a replacement for local currency during the Japanese occupation of Burma in the Second World War. The Japanese invaded Burma in January 1942. They conquered Mandalay on 21 May 1942, forcing the British to retreat into India. The Japanese held Burma until the second Allied campaign of 1944, although an official surrender did not take place until August
Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma
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of sending SMS text messages about the 10 coins with 10 and 15 radiating lines. Both are valid. Indian 10-rupee coin The Indian 10-rupee coin (10) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. The ₹10 coin is the highest-denomination coin minted in India since its introduction in 2005. The present ₹10 coin in circulation is from the 2011 design. However, the previous ₹10 coins minted before 2011 are also legal tender in India. All ₹10 coins containing with and without the rupee currency sign are legal tender, as stated by the Reserve Bank of India. Along with the standard designs,
Indian 10-rupee coin
19845335
Indian 10-rupee coin The Indian 10-rupee coin (10) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. The ₹10 coin is the highest-denomination coin minted in India since its introduction in 2005. The present ₹10 coin in circulation is from the 2011 design. However, the previous ₹10 coins minted before 2011 are also legal tender in India. All ₹10 coins containing with and without the rupee currency sign are legal tender, as stated by the Reserve Bank of India. Along with the standard designs, there are 21 different designs for this denomination and are minted as circulating commemorative coins, this is used
Indian 10-rupee coin
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a coin. One Rupee Note is an asset, just like other coins. So "I promise to pay the bearer." is not written on the note. You already hold an asset. While RBI Notes are a liability. One Rupee Note and One Rupee coins are legal tenders for unlimited amounts. One rupee defines the unit of the currency! It is the base of the currency system. A 1000 rupees RBI note says "I promise to pay the bearer the sum on one thousand rupees". Hence RBI notes which are a liability promises to pay you an asset. This asset is defined
Finance Secretary
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presented for exchange were demonetized in June 1831. The Indian rupee was made Ceylon's standard coin on 26 September 1836, and Ceylon reverted to the Indian currency area. Pound-denominated treasury notes continued to circulate after 1836, along with the rupee. The legal currency remained British silver and accounts were kept in pounds, shillings and pence. However, payments were made in rupees and annas at the "fictitious par" (fixed accounting rate) of 2 shillings per rupee (i.e., 1 pound = 10 rupees). The Bank of Ceylon was the first private bank to issue banknotes on the island (1844) and Treasury notes
Sri Lankan rupee
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a changed watermark, windowed security thread, latent image and intaglio features for the visually handicapped. The five hundred (₹500) and one thousand rupee notes (₹1,000) were demonetised by an unscheduled address to the nation by Prime Minister Narendra Modi starting from midnight 8 November 2016. These notes are being replaced by the Mahatma Gandhi New Series of notes. For the record, the rupee was never equal to the dollar. At the time of independence (in 1947), India’s currency was pegged to pound sterling, and the exchange rate was a shilling and six pence for a rupee — which worked out
History of the rupee
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issuing the same denominations as the previous two series. Burmese rupee The rupee was the currency of Burma (now Myanmar) between 1852 and 1952, except for the years 1943-1945. When Burma was conquered by the British, the Indian rupee replaced the kyat at par. From 1897, the government of India issued notes in Rangoon of the same general type as were issued in India but featuring languages used in Burma rather than those of India. In 1917 and again from 1927, Indian notes were overprinted for use in Burma. When Burma became a separate colony in 1937, a separate issue
Burmese rupee
6589708
Burmese rupee The rupee was the currency of Burma (now Myanmar) between 1852 and 1952, except for the years 1943-1945. When Burma was conquered by the British, the Indian rupee replaced the kyat at par. From 1897, the government of India issued notes in Rangoon of the same general type as were issued in India but featuring languages used in Burma rather than those of India. In 1917 and again from 1927, Indian notes were overprinted for use in Burma. When Burma became a separate colony in 1937, a separate issue of paper money was made for use only in
Burmese rupee
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1000 rupees note. 25, 50, 500 rupee notes Revised security features and the change of material from paper to polymer. Mauritian rupee The rupee (sign: ₨; ISO 4217 code: "MUR"; pronunciation: [ʁupi]) is the currency of Mauritius. One rupee is subdivided into 100 "cents". Several other currencies are also called rupee. In 1877, coins for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 cents were introduced, with the lower three denominations in copper and the higher two in silver. Coin production ceased in 1899 and did not recommence until 1911, with silver coins not produced again until 1934, when ¼, ½ and
Mauritian rupee
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Indian 2000-rupee note The Indian 2000-rupee banknote (₹2000) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. It was released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 8 November 2016 after the demonetisation of ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes and has been in circulation since 10 November 2016. It is a part of the Mahatma Gandhi New Series of banknotes with a completely new design. The Indian ₹2000 rupee note is the highest currency note printed by RBI that is in active circulation, ever since the 1,000 rupee note was demonetised in November 2016. Before the official announcement by RBI, the media
Indian 2000-rupee note
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and the same currency before and after. 186 billion birr were in circulation in 2008 ($14.7 billion or €9.97 billion). In the 18th and 19th centuries, Maria Theresa thalers and blocks of salt called "amole tchew" (አሞሌ ) served as currency in Ethiopia. The "thaler" was known locally as the "Birr" (literally meaning "silver" in Ge'ez and Amharic) or ታላሪ "taleri". The Maria Theresa "thaler" was officially adopted as the standard coin in 1855, although the Indian rupee and the Mexican dollar were also used in foreign trade. The "talari" (thaler, dollar, birr) became the standard unit on 9 February
Ethiopian birr
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Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma The Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma was a Japanese invasion money issued by the Japanese Military Authority, as a replacement for local currency during the Japanese occupation of Burma in the Second World War. The Japanese invaded Burma in January 1942. They conquered Mandalay on 21 May 1942, forcing the British to retreat into India. The Japanese held Burma until the second Allied campaign of 1944, although an official surrender did not take place until August 1945. In 1942 the Japanese issued paper scrip currency of 1, 5 and 10 cents and ¼, ½, 1,
Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma
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franc note with a coin in 1989. Djiboutian franc The Djiboutian franc () is the currency of Djibouti. Its ISO 4217 currency code is "DJF". Historically, it was subdivided into 100 "centimes". From 1884, when the French Somaliland protectorate was established, the French franc circulated alongside the Indian rupee and the Maria Theresa thaler. These coexisted with 2 francs = 1 rupee and 4.2 francs = 1 Maria Theresa thaler. From 1908, francs circulating in Djibouti were legally fixed at the value of the French franc. Starting in 1910, banknotes were issued for the then colony by the Bank of
Djiboutian franc
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Djiboutian franc The Djiboutian franc () is the currency of Djibouti. Its ISO 4217 currency code is "DJF". Historically, it was subdivided into 100 "centimes". From 1884, when the French Somaliland protectorate was established, the French franc circulated alongside the Indian rupee and the Maria Theresa thaler. These coexisted with 2 francs = 1 rupee and 4.2 francs = 1 Maria Theresa thaler. From 1908, francs circulating in Djibouti were legally fixed at the value of the French franc. Starting in 1910, banknotes were issued for the then colony by the Bank of Indochina. Chamber of Commerce paper money and
Djiboutian franc
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Sri Lankan rupee The rupee (, ) (signs: රු, ரூ, Rs; code: LKR) is the currency of Sri Lanka, divided into 100 cents. It is issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The abbreviation is generally Rs., but "LKR" is occasionally used to distinguish it from other currencies also called rupee. The British pound became Ceylon's official money of account in 1825, replacing the Ceylonese rixdollar at a rate of 1 pound = rixdollars, and British silver coin was made legal tender. Treasury notes denominated in pounds were issued in 1827, replacing the earlier rixdollar notes. Rixdollar notes not
Sri Lankan rupee
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Indian 10-rupee note The Indian 10-rupee banknote (10) is a common denomination of the Indian rupee. The 10 note was one of the first notes introduced by the Reserve Bank of India as a part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series in 1996, which is presently in circulation, this is used alongside with 10 rupee coin. The 10-rupee banknote has been issued and had been in circulation since colonial times, and in continuous production since Reserve Bank of India took over the functions of the controller of currency in India in 1923. On 5 January 2018, the Reserve Bank of India
Indian 10-rupee note
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were withdrawn in 1856. The Indian rupee was formally established as the unlimited legal tender 18 June 1869. The rupee was decimalized 23 August 1871. Thus, the rupee of 100 cents became Ceylon's money of account and sole legal tender effective 1 January 1872, replacing British currency at a rate of 1 rupee = 2 shillings 3 pence. In 1872, copper , , 1 and 5 cents coins dated 1870 were introduced, followed in 1892 by silver 10, 25 and 50 cents. Production of the cent ceased in 1904. The large, copper 5 cents coin was replaced in 1909 by
Sri Lankan rupee
4715770
Indian anna An anna (or ānā) was a currency unit formerly used in India and Pakistan, equal to of a rupee. It was subdivided into four paisa or twelve pies (thus there were 64 paise or 192 pies in a rupee). The anna is very light-weighted. The term belonged to the Islamic monetary system. The anna was demonetised as a currency unit when India decimalised its currency in 1957, followed by Pakistan in 1961. It was replaced by the 5-paise coin, which was itself discontinued in 1994 and demonetised in 2011. Despite this, a 50-paise coin is still sometimes colloquially
Indian anna
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Nepalese mohar The mohar was the currency of the Kingdom of Nepal from the second half of the 17th century until 1932. Silver and gold mohars were issued, each subdivided into 128 "dams". Copper dams were also issued, together with copper "paisa" worth 4 copper dams. The values of the copper, silver and gold coinages relative to one another were not fixed until 1903. In that year, the silver mohar became the standard currency, divided into 50 paisa. It was replaced in 1932 by the rupee, also called the "mohru" (Moru), at a rate of 2 mohars = 1 rupee.
Nepalese mohar
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issued in 1919 and one thousand rupee notes were issued in 1926. After the setting up of the India Currency Notes Press at Nashik, Hyderabad notes came to be printed there. In 1942, the Government of Hyderabad established the Hyderabad State Bank, with the responsibility, "inter alia", of managing the OS. Hyderabad continued to mint its own coins until 1948, when India occupied the state after the Nizam refused to cede it to the new republic. In 1950, the Indian rupee was introduced alongside the local currency, with the relationship of 7 Hyderabad rupees = 6 Indian rupees being used.
Hyderabadi rupee
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from authorized dealers in open market operations. Foreign exchange reserves of India act as a cushion against rupee volatility once global interest rates start rising. The Foreign exchange reserves of India consists of below four categories; u Foreign exchange reserves of India The Foreign exchange reserves of India are India's holdings of cash, bank deposits, bonds, and other financial assets denominated in currencies other than India's national currency, the Indian rupee. The reserves are managed by the Reserve Bank of India for the Indian government and the main component is foreign currency assets. Foreign exchange reserves act as the first
Foreign exchange reserves of India
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until after the Indian mutiny of 1857. Hence the imperial-order-of-council of 1825 did not apply to India. As such, the already circulating silver rupee continued to be the currency of India for the entire duration of the British Raj, and afterwards into independence. The Indian rupee was not only the currency of India but also the currency of an extended region beyond, which stretched across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa, up through the horn of Africa, through Aden and Muscat in Southern Arabia and Eastern Arabia, and along the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, extending
British currency in the Middle East
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in 1948 and the Republic of India in 1950. The Government of Hyderabad made several efforts to organize private bankers to set up a banking company which could issue paper money. The British, however resisted the attempts of Indian princely states to issue paper currency. The acute shortage of silver during the First World War and the contributions of Hyderabad to the British war effort led them to accept, in 1918, paper currency in denominations of Rs.10/- and Rs.100/- issued under the Hyderabad Currency Act. The currency was designated the "Osmania Sicca" (OS). One and five rupee notes were subsequently
Hyderabadi rupee
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USD/INR currency market to impact effective exchange rates. Thus, the currency regime in place for the Indian rupee with respect to the US dollar is a "de facto" controlled exchange rate. This is sometimes called a "managed float". Other rates (such as the EUR/INR and INR/JPY) have the volatility typical of floating exchange rates, and often create persistent arbitrage opportunities against the RBI. Unlike China, successive administrations (through RBI, the central bank) have not followed a policy of pegging the INR to a specific foreign currency at a particular exchange rate. RBI intervention in currency markets is solely to ensure
Indian rupee
16213286
Indian 100-rupee note The Indian 100-rupee banknote (100) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. It has been in continuous production since Reserve Bank of India took over the functions of the controller of currency in India in 1935. The present 100 banknote in circulation is a part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, which replaced the Lion Capital Series of banknotes in 1998. The first 100-rupee note featured the portrait of George VI. After independence in 1947, Reserve Bank of India continued to issue the notes by replacing the portrait of George VI with the Emblem of India, as a
Indian 100-rupee note
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Afghan afghani The afghani (sign: Afs; code: AFN; Pashto: ; Dari: ) is the currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, issued by the central bank Da Afghanistan Bank. It is nominally subdivided into 100 "pul" (پول), although there are no pul coins currently in circulation. The original afghani (ISO 4217 code: AFA) was introduced in 1925, replacing the Afghan rupee that was used from 1891 and other currencies. In addition to being subdivided into 100 pul, 20 afghani were equal to one "amani". The rate of conversion from the rupee is sometimes quoted as 1 afghani = 1 rupee
Afghan afghani
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Lanka) in 1969, in India in 1957, and in Pakistan in 1961. Since 1957 an Indian rupee is divided into 100 paise. The decimalized paisa was originally officially named 'naya paisa' meaning the "new paisa" to distinguish it from the erstwhile paisa which had a higher value of 64 to a rupee. The word 'naya' was dropped in 1964 and since then it is simply known as paisa ("pl". paise). The issuance of the Indian currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India, whereas in Pakistan it is controlled by State Bank of Pakistan. The most commonly used symbol
Rupee
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by coins in 1963. From 1977, banknotes were issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 20 rupee notes were introduced in 1979, followed by 500 and 1000 rupees in 1981, 200 rupees in 1998 and 2,000 rupees in 2006. Sri Lankan banknotes are unusual in that they are printed vertically on the reverse. In 1998, a 200-rupee note was issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of independence (1948–1998). This is the first polymer banknote issued in Sri Lanka, and it was printed by Note Printing Australia. All other denominations are printed by the De la Rue Lanka Currency and
Sri Lankan rupee
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i.e. latitude and longitude of Mansurchak is 25.6254 and 85.9215 respectively. IST(Indian Standard Time) followed in Mansurchak is located in the UTC time zone 5:30. The currency code for Indian rupee is INR. The currency used in Mansurchak is Indian rupee. The sub district is home to about 81 thousant people all among them about 42 thousant (52%) are male and about 39 thousant (48%) are female. 78% of the whole population are from general caste 22% are from schedule caste and 0% are schedule tribes. Child (aged under 6 years) population of Mansurchak community development block is 18%, among
Mansurchak
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Mauritian rupee The rupee (sign: ₨; ISO 4217 code: "MUR"; pronunciation: [ʁupi]) is the currency of Mauritius. One rupee is subdivided into 100 "cents". Several other currencies are also called rupee. In 1877, coins for 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 cents were introduced, with the lower three denominations in copper and the higher two in silver. Coin production ceased in 1899 and did not recommence until 1911, with silver coins not produced again until 1934, when ¼, ½ and 1 rupee coins were introduced. In 1947, cupro-nickel 10 cents were introduced, with cupro-nickel replacing silver in 1950.1000 In 1971
Mauritian rupee
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replacement for the Indian rupee for circulation outside the country with the Reserve Bank of India (Amendment) Act of 1 May 1959. The creation of a separate currency was an attempt to reduce the strain on India's foreign reserves from gold smuggling. After India devalued the rupee on 6 June 1966, those countries still using it – Oman, Qatar, and the Trucial States (which became the United Arab Emirates in 1971) – replaced the Gulf rupee with their own currencies. Kuwait and Bahrain had already done so in 1961 with Kuwaiti dinar and in 1965 with Bahraini dinar, respectively. The
Indian rupee
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part of "The Decimal Series". One paisa coin was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on 30 June 2011. 1 paisa (Indian coin) The Indian One Paisa coin (), was a unit of currency equaling (one-hundredth) of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p. In 1955, India adopted metric system for coinage and amended the "Indian Coinage Act". Subsequently, one paisa coins were introduced on 1 April 1957. From 1957 to 1964, one paisa coin was called "Naya Paisa" () (English: "New Paisa") and on 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called
1 paisa (Indian coin)
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Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The introduction of such high denomination currency has been criticized by some, with former Finance minister of India P. Chidambaram dubbing the move "puzzling". The design of the new note was criticized by former Minister of Commerce and Industry Anand Sharma. Indian 2000-rupee note The Indian 2000-rupee banknote (₹2000) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. It was released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 8 November 2016 after the demonetisation of ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes and has been in circulation since 10 November 2016. It is a part
Indian 2000-rupee note
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face value of five Maltese cents. In British Ceylon, an shilling (, ) was equivalent to eight fanams. With the replacement of the rixdollar by the rupee in 1852, a shilling was deemed to be equivalent to half a rupee. On the decimalisation of the currency in 1869, a shilling was deemed to be equivalent to 50 Ceylon cents. The term continued to be used colloquially until the late 20th century. The East African shilling was in use in the British colonies and protectorates of British Somaliland, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda and Zanzibar from 1920, when it replaced the rupee, until
Shilling
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the head of the puppet government. From 1943 onward the Japanese issued paper scrip currency of 1, 5 and 10 Rupee with a 100 Rupee note in 1944. The Japanese characters in the oblong box at the bottom of each note read “Government of Great Imperial Japan” and the contents of the seal at the lower right of the comprise the Japanese symbol for the Minister of Finance. When all of these notes became obsolete, punch holes were made to indicate that the note had been "cancelled" and therefore devalued. Prior to the Japanese invasion, Burma circulated the Indian rupee
Japanese government-issued rupee in Burma
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new Re symbol. Now it is being minted in all four mints, which are Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, and Noida. Apart from these definitive coins, 10 rupee bi-metallic commemorative coins have also been released as follows: 2008 – Tri Centenary of Gur-ta-Gaddi 2009 – Homi Bhabha Birth Centenary 2010 – RBI Platinum Jubilee 2012 – 60 Years of Parliament's first sitting. Coins of the Indian rupee Coins of the Indian rupee were first minted in 1950. New coins have been produced annually since then and they make up a valuable aspect of the Indian currency system. Today, circulating coins exist in
Coins of the Indian rupee
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1 paisa (Indian coin) The Indian One Paisa coin (), was a unit of currency equaling (one-hundredth) of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p. In 1955, India adopted metric system for coinage and amended the "Indian Coinage Act". Subsequently, one paisa coins were introduced on 1 April 1957. From 1957 to 1964, one paisa coin was called "Naya Paisa" () (English: "New Paisa") and on 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". One paisa coin has been demonetized and is no longer legal tender. Prior to 1957, Indian
1 paisa (Indian coin)
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by "One rupee" So, the Government of India has the power to mint/print 1 Rupee coin/note which are an asset and define the unit of currency. RBI notes get the value from the asset known as 'Rupee'. Finance Secretary The Finance Secretary is the Permanent Secretary-level civil servant, who plays a leadership role in the bureaucracy of the Finance Ministry, Government of India. Ajay Narayan Jha is the present finance secretary of India. The Ministry of Finance is composed of five departments the Department of Economic Affairs, the Department of Revenue, the Department of Expenditure, the Department of Financial Services
Finance Secretary
19869806
as a part of "The Decimal Series". Naya paisa coin was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on 30 June 2011. 1 naya paisa (Indian coin) The Indian One Naya paisa (), was a unit of currency equaling (one-hundredth) of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p. In 1955, India adopted metric system for coinage and amended the "Indian Coinage Act". Subsequently, one paisa coins were introduced on 1 April 1957. From 1957 to 1964, one paisa coin was called "Naya Paisa" () (English: "New Paisa") and on 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination
1 naya paisa (Indian coin)
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devalued against the $ in 1949, impacting currencies that maintained a peg to sterling, such as the . The gold silver ratio expanded during 1870–1910. Unlike India, Britain was on gold standard. To meet the Home Charges (i.e., expenditure in England) the colonial government had to remit a larger number of rupees and this necessitated increased taxation, unrest and nationalism. Indian rupee The Indian rupee (sign: ₹; code: INR) is the official currency of India. The rupee is subdivided into 100 "paise" (singular "paisa"), though as of 2018, coins of denomination of 50 paise or half rupee is the lowest
Indian rupee
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complete Pre-printing and Offset facilities, Intaglio Printing machines, Numbering & Finishing machines etc. The CNP was established in 1928 as the first printing press for bank notes in India. They are currently responsible for the printing of the new 500 rupee notes following the demonetisation of the old 500 rupee and 1000 rupee note. Currency is also printed by the two presses of Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India. They are currently responsible for the printing of the new 2000 rupee notes, and speculations suggest that the printing of the
Security Printing & Minting Corporation of India Limited
20001954
1971, the present-day Pakistani rupee had bilingual inscriptions in Urdu and Bengali, and was called both the rupee and taka. The Bengali Language Movement played a decisive role in ensuring the recognition of the taka in East Pakistan. The Bangladeshi taka is the currency of modern Bangladesh. It was officially introduced in 1972 by the Bangladesh Bank following the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War and is produced by The Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Ltd.. The Bangladeshi taka carries the symbols ৳ and Tk. It is the second most valuable currency in South Asia, when pegged to the US Dollar,
History of the taka
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hotels, insurance companies, and print media began to appear as the country developed economically. The Omani rial was established as the national currency, replacing the Indian rupee and Maria Theresa thaler. Later, additional ports were built, and universities were opened. Oman was transformed from an economic backwater to a modern country with a well-developed infrastructure. In his first year in power, Qaboos also abolished slavery in Oman. The political system which Qaboos established is that of an absolute monarchy. The Sultan's birthday, 18 November, is celebrated as Oman's national holiday. The first day of his reign, 23 July, is celebrated
Qaboos bin Said al Said
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rupee banknotes, the 200 banknote has its amount written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination is written in English and Hindi. On the reverse is a language panel which displays the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 official languages of India. The languages are displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel are Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. Indian 200-rupee note The Indian 200-rupee note (₹200) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. Post 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation, the new currency notes have
Indian 200-rupee note
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50 paise The Indian Fifty paise () (singular: "Paisa"), is a unit of currency equaling (half) of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p. Prior to 1957, Indian rupee was not decimalised and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 AD was further divided into 16 annas. Each anna was further divided to four Indian pices and each pice into three Indian pies till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the "Indian Coinage Act" to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was
50 paise