who wins the chess game in the seventh seal
Death
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move. He announces that when they meet again, the knight's time—and that of all those traveling with him—will be up. Before departing, Death asks if the knight has accomplished his one "meaningful deed" yet; Block replies that he has. Block is reunited with his wife, Karin (Inga Landgré), the sole occupant of his castle (all the servants having fled). The party shares one "last supper" before Death comes for them. The knight prays to God, "Have mercy on us, because we are small and frightened and ignorant." The mute servant girl speaks her only line: "It is finished." Meanwhile, away
The Seventh Seal
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her sentence is carried out. Further along in the journey, Raval reappears: dying of the plague, he pleads for water. The servant girl attempts to bring him some, but Jöns stops her, and Raval dies alone and uncomforted. Jof tells his wife that he can see the knight playing chess with Death, and decides to flee with his family while Death is preoccupied. After hearing Death state "No one escapes me", Block knocks the chess pieces over, deliberately distracting Death while Jof's family slips away. Death places the pieces back on the board, then wins the game on the next
The Seventh Seal
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a screen version of Strindberg's scathing drama. In 1955, von Sydow moved to Malmö, where he met his mentor, Ingmar Bergman. His first work with Bergman occurred on stage at the Malmö Municipal Theatre, and he would go on to work with Bergman on films such as "The Seventh Seal" (', 1957), "Wild Strawberries" (', 1957) and "The Virgin Spring" ("", 1960). In "The Seventh Seal", von Sydow is the knight who plays a chess game with Death. The chess scenes and the film were international breakthroughs for actor and director alike. It was in these films von Sydow honed
Max von Sydow
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The Seventh Seal The Seventh Seal () is a 1957 Swedish historical fantasy film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. Set in Denmark during the Black Death, it tells of the journey of a medieval knight (Max von Sydow) and a game of chess he plays with the personification of Death (Bengt Ekerot), who has come to take his life. Bergman developed the film from his own play "Wood Painting". The title refers to a passage from the Book of Revelation, used both at the very start of the film, and again towards the end, beginning with the words "And
The Seventh Seal
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The Seventh Seal The Seventh Seal () is a 1957 Swedish historical fantasy film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. Set in Denmark during the Black Death, it tells of the journey of a medieval knight (Max von Sydow) and a game of chess he plays with the personification of Death (Bengt Ekerot), who has come to take his life. Bergman developed the film from his own play "Wood Painting". The title refers to a passage from the Book of Revelation, used both at the very start of the film, and again towards the end, beginning with the words "And
The Seventh Seal
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find Denmark being ravaged by the plague. On the beach immediately after their arrival, the knight encounters Death (Bengt Ekerot), personified as a pale, black-cowled figure resembling a monk. The knight, in the middle of a chess game he has been playing alone, challenges Death to a chess match, believing that he can forestall his demise as long as the game continues. Death agrees, and they start a new game. The other characters in the story, except for Jof in the end, do not see Death, and when the chess board comes out at various times in the story, they
The Seventh Seal
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meaning of life, "The Seventh Seal" had a symbolism that was "immediately apprehensible to people trained in literary culture who were just beginning to discover the 'art' of film, and it quickly became a staple of high school and college literature courses... Unlike Hollywood 'movies,' "The Seventh Seal" clearly was aware of elite artistic culture and thus was readily appreciated by intellectual audiences." The representation of Death as a white-faced man who wears a dark cape and plays chess with mortals has been a popular object of parody in other films and television. Several films and comedy sketches portray Death
The Seventh Seal
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as playing games other than or in addition to chess. In the final scene of the 1968 film "De Düva" (mock Swedish for "The Dove"), a 15-minute pastiche of Bergman's work generally and his "Wild Strawberries" in particular, the protagonist plays badminton against Death and wins when the droppings of a passing dove strike Death in the eye. Death's costume is also soiled, to his annoyance as he said it was just dry cleaned. The photography imitates throughout the style of Bergman's cinematographers Sven Nykqvist and Gunnar Fischer. The protagonists of the 1991 science-fiction comedy "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey"
The Seventh Seal
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then by tricking Persephone into letting him return. He was finally sentenced to eternal fruitless labor in Tartarus for his presumption. Although it is difficult to find information about the origin of the phrase, it may be related to anthropomorphism of death, more commonly known in the English-speaking world as the Grim Reaper. Such personification has also led to a wide variety of pop-culture references, such as in Ingmar Bergman's film "The Seventh Seal", in which a knight proposes a wager with death over a game of chess. In the film the knight comments that he knows death plays chess
Cheating death
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to understand the fake Swedish. Victor, a seventy-six-year-old physics professor traveling by chauffeured car to give a university lecture, decides to visit his boyhood home. In the outhouse, he finds a figurine of a dove which reminds him of a summer picnic from his youth. Later in the flashback, Victor (played by Coe) and his beloved sister Inga run through the woods until they come across Death, who has come to claim Inga. Victor wagers that Death will not win a "badmintonska" (badminton) competition with Inga -- parodying "The Seventh Seal", in which the competition is a game of chess.
The Dove (1968 film)
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fact that Belushi's fictional guardian angel may not be sending him to Heaven but possibly Hell in the film's ending, when Belushi agrees to a pivotal pinball game - a parody of the chess game between the Knight and Death in the Ingmar Bergman film "The Seventh Seal" (1957). The characters of "Wired" are a mixture of real-life people and obvious facsimiles. Judith Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, Bob Woodward and Cathy Smith, in addition to Belushi himself, appear by name in the film. Belushi's "Saturday Night Live" co-stars Chevy Chase, Gilda Radner and Laraine Newman are referred to but not seen.
Wired (film)
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of faith in God ("Winter Light"). In one sequence, Henrik and Marie pick wild strawberries together. Additionally, Henrik's dying Aunt plays chess with a priest who states he visits her to better know death, which prefigures the famous chess match between a knight and Death himself in Bergman's "The Seventh Seal" (1957). Visually there is also Bergman's use of fluid black and white cinematography coupled with slow crossfades. Bergman said of his film in 1971, "I had always felt technically crippled—insecure with the crew, the cameras, the sound equipment—everything. Sometimes a film succeeded, but I never got what I wanted
Summer Interlude
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people on pilgrimage in a time of plague. Ingmar Bergman's 1957 film "The Seventh Seal" () is set in Denmark during the Black Death, and features a game of chess with Death personified as a monk-like figure. Tuberculosis was a common disease in the 19th century, and it appeared in several major works of Russian literature. Fyodor Dostoevsky used the theme of the consumptive nihilist repeatedly, with Katerina Ivanovna in "Crime and Punishment"; Kirillov in "The Possessed", and both Ippolit and Marie in "The Idiot." Turgenev did the same with Bazarov in "Father and Sons". In English literature of the
Disease in fiction
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with them for their lives, much like the personification of Death in "The Seventh Seal"; the games he offers include chess, though he consistently has trouble remembering how the knights move, and another game (referred to by Death as "Exclusive Possession" in the book, presumably based on Monopoly), which the challenger lost despite having "three streets and all the utilities". Granny Weatherwax was able to play cards against Death in a successful bid to save a child's life, Granny's hand having four queens while Death's had only four "ones". (A hand of four aces would generally beat a hand of
Death (Discworld)
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three days with a temperature. Despite living a Bohemian lifestyle in partial rebellion against his upbringing, Bergman often signed his scripts with the initials "S.D.G" ("Soli Deo Gloria") — "To God Alone the Glory" — just as J. S. Bach did at the end of every musical composition. Gerald Mast writes, "Like the gravedigger in "Hamlet", the Squire [...] treats death as a bitter and hopeless joke. Since we all play chess with death, and since we all must suffer through that hopeless joke, the only question about the game is how long it will last and how well we
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the author's high rank and proved that "The Seventh Seal" regardless of its degree of accuracy in reproducing medieval scenery may be considered as a universal, timeless allegory. Much of the film's imagery is derived from medieval art. For example, Bergman has stated that the image of a man playing chess with a skeletal Death was inspired by a medieval church painting from the 1480s in Täby kyrka, Täby, north of Stockholm, painted by Albertus Pictor. However, the medieval Sweden portrayed in this movie includes creative anachronisms. The flagellant movement was foreign to Sweden, and large-scale witch persecutions only began
The Seventh Seal
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variations have included a Called Out white board on August 14, 2006, a red Fantasies board on January 31, 2007, a Do Not Say board on April 25, 2007 and a pocket-sized "On Notice" board on October 2, 2007. Cheating Death is a medical and health-related segment. During Cheating Death, Colbert refers to himself as Dr. Stephen T. Colbert, D.F.A., a reference to the Honorary Fine Arts Doctorate that was awarded to him by Knox College. The introduction graphic to this segment is a reference to the chess game with Death in Ingmar Bergman's film "The Seventh Seal", with Colbert
Recurring segments on The Colbert Report
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work are depicted in the illustrated book, ""Albert målare och sommaren i Härkeberga"" ("Albert the Painter and the summer in Härkeberga"), which describes his painting of the small church of Härkeberga in Uppland (see below). Albertus's illustration of Death playing chess from Täby kyrka inspired the famous scene in Ingmar Bergman's 1957 film "The Seventh Seal" in which a knight (Antonius Block) plays chess with personified Death. Albertus Pictor himself appears as a character in the film (played by Gunnar Olsson), in a dialog with Jöns, Antonius Block's squire, while working on a church mural. Albertus Pictor's paintings are considered
Albertus Pictor
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quality and quantity. He painted 36 churches in Malardalen and Norrbotten. He stands out as the most active artist in the Swedish church painting in the second half of the 15th century. He differs from other artists of the same period with his bright expression. His painting has unusual breadth and diversity in his technical performance. This mural represents how a knight plays chess with death and skillfully depicts figures with precise anatomical proportions, combining them with clothes and weapons, with a relatively realistic vision. The mural inspired Ingmar Bergman to create the film "The Seventh Seal" in 1957. Death
Death playing chess
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the artist for colluding in the religious and ideological fervour which has led to the disastrous crusade. Still hoping for resolution and comfort within his faith, the knight goes to the confessional where he is joined by Death in the robe of a priest. During confession, Block admits that his life has been futile and without meaning, but that he wants to perform "one meaningful deed". Upon revealing the chess strategy that will save his life, the knight discovers that the priest is Death, who promises to remember the tactics. Leaving the church, the knight speaks to a young woman
The Seventh Seal
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of gravediggers that the lads tell their story to. Arnold Brown appears as the man in the opening scene playing chess against Death. Dawn French and Helen Atkinson-Wood appear in the pain reliever commercial set in Hell. The opening scene of a man playing chess with Death is a reference to Ingmar Bergman's 1957 film, "The Seventh Seal". At the grave site when the vicar says "Ashes to ashes," Rick responds with "Funk to funky, we all know Major Tom's a junkie", referencing lyrics from the David Bowie song 'Ashes to Ashes'. Later in the episode, Rick proclaims to Neil
Nasty (The Young Ones)
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Bergman's "The Seventh Seal" and Satyajit Ray's "The Chess Players". Chess is also present in contemporary popular culture. For example, the characters in "Star Trek" play a futuristic version of the game called "Tri-Dimensional Chess". "Wizard's Chess" is featured in J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" plays. The hero of "Searching for Bobby Fischer" struggles against adopting the aggressive and misanthropic views of a world chess champion. Chess is used as the core theme in the musical "Chess" by Tim Rice, Björn Ulvaeus, and Benny Andersson. The thriller film "Knight Moves" is about a chess grandmaster who is accused of being a
Chess
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draw only if White's pawn is already on the seventh rank, making this drawing resource available to the defender much less frequently. White wins if the pawn is not yet on the seventh rank and is protected by the knight from behind. With the pawn on the seventh rank, Black has a stalemate defense with his king in the corner . A fortress is often achieved by a sacrifice, such as of a piece for a pawn. In the game between Grigory Serper and Hikaru Nakamura (above), in the 2004 U.S. Chess Championship, White would lose after 1.Nd1 Kc4 or
Fortress (chess)
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Double Chess Double Chess is a chess variant invented by Julian S. Grant Hayward in 1916. The game is played on a 12×16 chessboard with each player in control of two complete armies placed side-by-side. The rules were published in the January 1929 issue of "British Chess Magazine". The illustration shows the starting setup. A player wins by checkmating either enemy king. Additional rules: As in standard chess, pawns promote upon reaching the furthest . J. R. Capablanca, who had experimented with different forms of chess in the 1920s, found the game "remarkably interesting", and a four-game match was held
Double Chess
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each of the others) with a score of twelve wins out of thirteen games. He lost only one game, to the Rev. John Owen and finished two points ahead of Louis Paulsen, who had the best playing record in the early 1860s. Morphy had retired from chess at this time, so Anderssen was again generally regarded as the world's leading active player. Anderssen's only known competitive chess between 1862 and 1866 was a drawn match (three wins, three losses, and two draws) in 1864 against Berthold Suhle, who was a strong player and respected chess writer. In 1866 Anderssen lost
Adolf Anderssen
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of 4 wins, 3 draws and a solitary loss for a winning percentage of 68.8% and a TPR of 2470. Torre also played Board 3 in the World Student Chess Team Championships in 1969 although he lost his one and only game in the said tournament against William Roland Hartson. In 2006, Torre participated in the 2nd San Marino International Chess Open where he tied for fourth through eleventh places with 6½ points in nine rounds where he eventually placed seventh after the tie-breaks becoming the highest-placed Filipino in the tournament. He had a performance rating of 2612 and won
Eugenio Torre
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and more about surviving. The night quickly becomes a contest between those with superior Ability: Willi and Barent. They agree to play a living chess game for the fate of the "games" to come. If Willi wins, the game becomes global in lethality. If Barent wins, its barbarism is contained to the island. Saul gets his chance and kills Willi, who won the chess game. As Barent leaves, he is killed by Melanie's use of surrogates, coerced by Natalie back in Charleston. The book ends with Natalie going that same night on a suicide mission to finally kill Melanie and
Carrion Comfort
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the opening, which he later converted into a win against Ian Nepomniachtchi who won all seven games that he had previously played at the Olympiad. On the second table, Ukraine beat Georgia 3-1 thanks to the wins from the second to the fourth board, where Yuriy Kryvoruchko, Anton Korobov and Andrei Volokitin defeated Mikheil Mchedlishvili, Levan Pantsulaia and Tamaz Gelashvili, respectively. Nevertheless, Baadur Jobava scored full point for Georgia with his fifth victory in the seventh game against Ruslan Ponomariov. The Ukrainian tried a new idea and was doing fine out of the opening but one sloppy allowed Jobava to
Open event at the 42nd Chess Olympiad
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castling, a pawn's initial two-step option, "en passant", and promotion. The first player to checkmate an opponent wins the game. A player who is stalemated loses his turns to move, unless/until an opponent plays a move that releases the stalemate condition. While stalemated, his king is still subject to checkmate, and his other pieces are still subject to capture. Bibliography Three-Man Chess Three-Man Chess is a chess variant for three players invented by George R. Dekle, Sr. in 1984. The game is played on a hexagonal board comprising 96 quadrilateral cells. Each player controls a standard army of chess pieces.
Three-Man Chess
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in the seventh round of a 10-round match. It was Harris's last fight. Born in Cecil Harris in Union Springs, Alabama on 20 January 1906, the 6′3½″ Harris fought at a weight of between 220 and 245 lbs. out of Chicago in a professional boxing career that spanned the years 1926 to 1935. He racked up a ring record of 22 wins (eight by KO) against 18 losses (he was KO-ed nine times) and five draws. He also lost three newspaper decisions. Seal Harris Seal Harris (20 January 1906 - ? ) was an African American heavyweight boxer who fought
Seal Harris
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13 games (seven wins, five draws, and one loss) with a 73.1% winning percentage and 2637 performance rating (2540 Elo). Team Philippines achieved its highest finish of 11th place at the 1974 Chess Olympiad. In 1988, Torre captained the Philippine team to its best-ever seventh-place finish in the Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki, Greece. breaking the previous high of 11th-place finish at the 21st Chess Olympiad. Torre finished with 9 points on 6 wins, 6 draws and 2 losses manning Board 1 with a high performance rating of 2620 as compared to his Elo rating of 2555. His teammates then included
Eugenio Torre
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Rybka cluster. In 2013 wins the Umansky Memorial. Advanced Chess Eros Riccio Eros Riccio (December 1, 1977, Lucca) is an Italian International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster, Advanced Chess Champion and chess opening book author. He is FICGS World Champion and ICCF vice-European Champion and Olympic bronze with the Italian national team. Riccio won "the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth FICGS Correspondence Chess World Championship". He also won three "ICCF Italian championships" (2006, 2009 and 2012). In the world online tournaments of Freestyle chess ("Advanced chess", created by GM Garry Kasparov), Riccio won
Eros Riccio
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is a simultaneous play in the two conjuncts. The machine wins "A"∧"B" (resp. "A"∨"B") if it wins both (resp. at least one) of those. So, for instance, "Chess"∨¬"Chess" is a game on two boards, one played white and one black, and where the task of the machine is to win on at least one board. Such a game can be easily won regardless who the adversary is, by copying his moves from one board to the other. The "parallel implication" operator → ("pimplication") is defined by "A"→"B" = ¬"A"∨"B". The intuitive meaning of this operation is "reducing" "B" to "A",
Computability logic
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Solving chess Solving chess means finding an optimal strategy for playing chess, i.e. one by which one of the players (White or Black) can always force a victory, or both can force a draw (see Solved game). It also means more generally solving "chess-like" games (i.e. combinatorial games of perfect information), such as infinite chess. According to Zermelo's theorem, a hypothetically determinable optimal strategy does exist for chess and chess-like games. In a weaker sense, "solving chess" may refer to proving which one of the three possible outcomes (White wins; Black wins; draw) is the result of two perfect players,
Solving chess
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control over the game, despite falling into a trouble after 19 moves, and scored a full point. It was her seventh point in the eighth game with a rating performance of 2707. Ukraine routed Azerbaijan-1 3½-½ with wins by the Muzychuk sisters on the first two boards and Inna Gaponenko on the last board. Poland snatched a high 3½-½ victory on the second table against Israel to remain only a point behind the leader China after nine rounds. Monika Soćko, Jolanta Zawadzka and Mariola Wozniak won for the Polish team, while Klaudia Kulon was the only one halted to a
Women's event at the 42nd Chess Olympiad
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Rhombic Chess Rhombic Chess is a chess variant for two players created by Tony Paletta in 1980. The gameboard has an overall hexagonal shape and comprises 72 rhombi in three alternating colors. Each player commands a full set of standard chess pieces. The game was first published in "Chess Spectrum Newsletter" 2 by the inventor. It was included in "World Game Review" No. 10 edited by Michael Keller. The diagram shows the starting setup. As in standard chess, White moves first and checkmate wins the game. Piece moves are described using two basic types of movement: Circa 2000, Paletta created
Rhombic Chess
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is done for the game. The first player to get all of four of their planes to the center of the board wins. The rest play until there is only one loser. Like many other board games, people add their own rules that give the game a colloquial and folkloric quality: Aeroplane Chess Aeroplane Chess (, literally "Aviation Game" or "Flying Chess") is a Chinese cross-and-circle board game similar to the western game of Ludo and the Indian game of Pachisi. Developed in the 20th century, Aeroplane Chess features airplanes as pieces instead of the more abstract pawns and beehive-shaped
Aeroplane Chess
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After each chess round, the exact setup is digitally recorded and then repositioned before the following chess round. The breaks between the chess and boxing rounds usually last 60 seconds. The duration of the rounds and overall fight time in amateur chessboxing fights can change to some degree, as in for example youth tournaments and exhibition fights. A chessboxing match can end by any of the following: In the case that neither of the chessboxers win in regulation time and the chess game ends in a draw, the fighter who is ahead on boxing points wins the overall bout. In
Chess boxing
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(See left-most position.) The game continued 47...Re2+ 48.Kh1 Qxg3?? Black wins with 48...Qg6! 49.Rf8 Qe6! 50.Rh8+ Kg6, and now Black remains a piece ahead after 51.Qxe6 Nxe6, or forces mate after 51.gxf4 Re1+ and 52...Qa2+. Evans concluded the game with 49.Qg8+! Kxg8 50.Rxg7+! (right-most diagram) ½–½ The players agreed to a draw, since capturing the rook produces stalemate, but otherwise the rook stays on the seventh and checks Black's king "ad infinitum". This swindle enabled Evans to finish outright second in the tournament at 7½/11 (behind Bobby Fischer's historic 11–0 sweep), while Reshevsky was relegated to a tie for fourth–fifth
Swindle (chess)
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Romantic subjectivity. In 1763, at the age of 17, Jones wrote the poem "Caissa", based on a 658-line poem called "Scacchia, Ludus" published in 1527 by Marco Girolamo Vida, giving a mythical origin of chess that has become well known in the chess world. This poem he wrote in English. In the poem the nymph Caissa initially repels the advances of Mars, the god of war. Spurned, Mars seeks the aid of the god of sport, who creates the game of chess as a gift for Mars to win Caissa's favour. Mars wins her over with the game. Caissa has
William Jones (philologist)
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the property of the player delivering the mate or stalemate. Pawns of appropriated armies do not change their direction of movement toward promotion. The last surviving player wins the game. Bibliography Tri-Chess Tri-Chess is the name of a chess variant for three players invented by George R. Dekle, Sr. in 1986. The game is played on a board comprising 150 triangular cells. The standard chess pieces are present, minus the queens, and plus the chancellor and cardinal compound fairy pieces per side. Tri-Chess was included in "World Game Review" No. 10 edited by Michael Keller. The illustration shows the starting
Tri-Chess
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Players decide who is White, who is Black, and who moves first. Players alternate turns. Knights are initially set up on each player's first . Bibliography Jeson Mor Jeson Mor (English: "Nine Horses") is a two-player strategy board game from Mongolia. It is considered a chess variant. The game is played on a 9×9 checkered gameboard. Each player has nine chess knights initially lined up on the players' first . A player wins by being first to occupy the central square (square e5) with a knight, and then leave that square. A 9×9 square checkered board is used. Alternatively, an
Jeson Mor
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with Sergey Karjakin and Alexander Morozevich at the second stage, that took place in Tashkent, scoring 6½/11. In the Beijing stage, he was sixth on 5½/11. In the final stage in Paris, Wang finished tenth with 5/11. At the 2013 Norway Chess tournament, Wang Hao finished in seventh place with three wins, three draws, and three losses. Wang was tied for last after five rounds, when he lost against the eventual tail-ender Jon Ludvig Hammer. However, he ended the tournament very strongly with two wins over the World Championship finalists Magnus Carlsen and Viswanathan Anand. In April 2014, he competed
Wang Hao (chess player)
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White, but won all four of his games as Black. Adams also lost a match to IM I.A. Horowitz, who took the black pieces in every game. According to Sveshnikov, Vsevolod Rauzer, a leading Soviet player and theoretician during the 1930s, likewise "claimed in the [1930s]: '1.e4—and White wins!' and he managed to prove it quite often". More recently, IM Hans Berliner, a former World Champion of Correspondence Chess, claimed in his 1999 book "The System" that 1.d4 gives White a large, and possibly decisive, advantage. Berliner asserted that with best play White wins against the Grünfeld Defense, the Modern
First-move advantage in chess
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theory, including the pioneer work of the elephant opening (飞相局) and Back-Palace-Knight (反宫马) opening. Hu Rule of Xiangqi： Hu devised a new rule of Chess, that is the chance of playing black is obtained by auctions of two players. The player who offers less time wins auction. If the game finally ends with a draw, black wins. Hu Rule is aimed at eliminating negative draw games in Xiangqi and making Xiangqi more spectating. However, Hu Rule is boycotted by professional players after one year of its birth. Besides chess, Hu also has many other interests. In his early years, he
Hu Ronghua
376192
moved from the left or right. Although not strictly part of the notational calculus for games, game results are indicated in Japanese newspapers, websites, etc. with wins indicated by a white circle and losses indicated by a black circle. Shogi is similar to chess but has a much larger game tree complexity because of the use of drops, greater number of pieces, and larger board size. In comparison, shogi games average about 140 (half-)moves per game (or 70 chess move-pairs) where as western chess games average about 80 moves per game (or 40 chess move-pairs) and minishogi averages about 40
Shogi
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Compensation (chess) In chess, compensation is the typically short-term positional advantages a player has in exchange for typically material disadvantage. Short term advantages involve initiative and attack. Compensation includes: A rook on the seventh rank (the opponent's second rank) is usually very powerful, as it threatens the opponent's unadvanced pawns and hems in the enemy king. A rook on the seventh rank is sufficient compensation for a pawn . In this position from a game between Lev Polugaevsky and Larry Evans, the rook on the seventh rank enables White to draw, despite being a pawn down . A famous 1960
Compensation (chess)
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1984 world championship match against Irina Levitina. Maia Chiburdanidze is one of several women from the country who have excelled at the highest levels of chess. She has helped to further boost the standing of the game in her country, where she, and the other top Georgian women, are fêted like movie stars. Maia Chiburdanidze Maia Chiburdanidze (; born 17 January 1961) is a Georgian chess grandmaster, and the seventh Women's World Chess Champion, the youngest one until 2010, when this record was broken by Hou Yifan. She has won nine Chess Olympiads. Maia Chiburdanidze was born in Kutaisi, Georgian
Maia Chiburdanidze
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Yannick in fear of him calling the police. Over time he learns Beaulieu is a righteous psychopath and fanatical chess player who kills drug-dealers, pedophiles and other bad people for a better world. Weeks pass and Yannick remains a prisoner, though is otherwise not mistreated by Beaulieu. He tries to escape, but is recaptured by Baeulieu's daughter Michelle, who breaks his leg. As he has done nothing wrong, Beaulieu doesn't want to kill Yannick and eventually agrees to let him go if he wins a game of chess against him, Beaulieu having never lost a game in his life so
5150 Elm's Way
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and effectively wins the game. Unlike Western chess, a player need not move out of check in dai shogi, and indeed may even move into check. Although obviously not often a good idea, a player with more than one royal may occasionally sacrifice one of these pieces as part of a gambit. A player who captures the opponent's sole remaining king or prince wins the game. In practice this rarely happens, as a player will resign when checkmated, as otherwise when loss is inevitable. A player who makes an illegal move loses immediately. (This rule may be relaxed in casual
Dai shogi
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over the course of his career, a number believed to be a world record by a wide margin. By December 2011, he had extended this to 865 tournament wins. His opening repertoire has remained relatively consistent throughout his career, and he is well known as an expert on the Dutch Defense and the Belgrade Gambit of the Four Knights Game. Curdo has published four game collections, including the annotated game collection "Forty Years at the Top" and the "Chess Caviar" series ("Chess Caviar", "More Chess Caviar" and "Still More Chess Caviar"). John Curdo John Anthony Curdo (born November 14, 1931)
John Curdo
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€1,000 for his seventh-place finish. In 2010, Torre competed in the 3rd Calgary International Chess Championships held at Alberta, Canada where he flashed his vintage form by finishing in a tie for second through fourth places on the strength of four wins, four draws and a solitary loss against GM Victor Mikhalevski, the tournament top seed with Elo Rating of 2614. Torre had an Elo Rating of 2506 during the said tournament. In 2011, Torre joined two prestigious international chess championships in the Philippines, the Asian Zone 3.3 Chess Championships and the 2nd Chairman Prospero A. Pichay, Jr. Cup International
Eugenio Torre
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1909 (+2 -2 and +1 =2 -7) and one match for the world chess championship in 1910 (=3 -8). The longer 1909 match has sometimes been called a world championship match, but research by Edward Winter indicates that the title was not at stake. In July–August 1914, he was playing an international chess tournament, the 19th DSB Congress (German Chess Federation Congress) in Mannheim, Germany, with four wins, four draws and three losses (seventh place), when World War I broke out. Players at Mannheim representing countries now at war with Germany were interned. He, as well as Alexander Alekhine, was
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computer Deep Thought in an exhibition match. Deep Thought, however, was still considerably below World Championship Level, as the then reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov demonstrated in two convincing wins in 1989. The "Chess Genius" program was entered into a Professional Chess Association rapid chess tournament in 1994. It defeated and eliminated world champion Kasparov, but lost to Viswanathan Anand in the next round. This was the first time a computer had defeated the world champion in an official game, albeit at rapid time controls. Kasparov played a six-game match against IBM's Deep Blue in 1996. Kasparov lost the
Human–computer chess matches
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Checkmate Checkmate (often shortened to mate) is a game position in chess and other chess-like games in which a player's king is in check (threatened with ) and there is no way to remove the threat. Checkmating the opponent wins the game. In chess, the king is never captured—the game ends as soon as the king is checkmated. In formal games, most players an inevitably lost game before being checkmated. It is usually considered bad etiquette to continue playing in a completely hopeless position. If a player is not in check but has no legal move, then it is "stalemate",
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played on tournaments. World Tactical Team Chess Federation, the international organization of Tactical Team Chess sportsmen and sportswomen has been funded in 2012 in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. First world wide tournament has been announced for the year of 2014. Both Technology Committee and Game Standard Committee of World Tactical Team Chess Federation have approved mFEN~TTC notation as standard notation of a Tactical TeamChess game. Any tournament system submitted to get seal of approval of WTTCF should implement and be compatible with mFEN~TTC standard notation. mFEN~TTC notation has two main parts (each of them has multiple fields) addressing the pattern
TeamChess
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is a subset of "A". If the infinite sequence created by a play of the game is in the payoff set, then player I wins. Otherwise, player II wins; there are no ties. This definition initially does not seem to include traditional perfect information games such as chess, since the set of moves available in such games changes every turn. However, this sort of case can be handled by declaring that a player who makes an illegal move loses immediately, so that the Gale-Stewart notion of a game does in fact generalize the concept of a game defined by a
Borel determinacy theorem
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until the sixth. However, Lasker won all the games from the seventh to the 11th. When the match resumed in Montreal, Steinitz looked in better shape and won the 13th and 14th games. Lasker struck back in the 15th and 16th, and Steinitz was unable to compensate for his losses in the middle of the match. Hence Lasker won with ten wins, five losses and four draws. Some commentators thought Steinitz's habit of playing "experimental" moves in serious competition was a major factor in his downfall. World Chess Championship 1894 The fifth World Chess Championship was held in New York
World Chess Championship 1894
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other ways for White to win after his third move.) In this 1978 game between Lev Alburt and future World Champion Garry Kasparov, Black wins by triangulating: and White resigned. After 57. Kf1 Ke4! 58. Kf2 Kf4 59. Kf1 Kg3, Black wins the white pawn . Triangulation can occur in endgames other than king and pawn endgames, such as this game in the 1965 Candidates Tournament, in which future World chess champion Boris Spassky defeated former world champion Mikhail Tal and won the right to challenge the then-current champion Tigran Petrosian. White would be in zugzwang if it were his
Triangulation (chess)
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GM Arkadij Naiditsch giving the team a current record of six wins, four draws, and no losses. Chessgames.com's stated goal for members is "to participate and learn from players stronger than [themselves], while guiding those who are weaker." The site is designed to be "a worldwide chess community where anybody from anywhere can come to discuss anything they want about chess." Many educational items are updated daily, including the Daily Puzzle, Game of the Day, Player of the Day, Opening of the Day, and Quote of the Day. Chessgames began as a chess learning site and now has a Playing
Chessgames.com
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an alternative to traditional roles. A chessboxing fight consists of 11 rounds, 6 rounds of chess and 5 rounds of boxing, and a victory in either chess or boxing wins and ends the entire contest. Chess and boxing rounds alternate, a full-distance contest begins and ends with a round of chess. Each round lasts three minutes, regardless of whether it involves chess or boxing. A single chess game is played over the six chess rounds. These total 18 minutes; each player is subject to a time control of 9 minutes with no increment to make all their moves (blitz chess).
Chess boxing
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Barnes Opening Barnes Opening is a chess opening where White opens with: The opening is named after Thomas Wilson Barnes (1825–1874), an English player who had an impressive eight wins over Paul Morphy, including one game where Barnes answered 1.e4 with 1...f6, known as Barnes Defence. It is considered an irregular opening, so it is classified under the A00 code in the "Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings". Of the twenty possible first moves in chess, author and grandmaster Edmar Mednis argues that 1.f3 is the "worst". The move does exert influence over the central square e4, but the same or more
Barnes Opening
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most widely played (main variant) is described in "Popular Chess Variants" by D. B. Pritchard. The rules are the same as those for standard chess, except for the following special rules: A player wins by losing all their pieces, or being stalemated. Apart from move repetition, draw by agreement, and the fifty-move rule, the game is also drawn when a win is impossible (for example, when the only pieces remaining are ). Because of the forced capture rule, Losing Chess games often involve long sequences of captures by one player. This means that a minor mistake can doom a game.
Losing Chess
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with 9½ points and won her individual game against Viswanathan Anand, at the time the world's No. 2 player. In October 2006, Polgár scored another excellent result: tied for first place in the Essent Chess Tournament, Hoogeveen, the Netherlands. She scored 4½ out of 6 in a double round-robin tournament that included two wins against the world's top-rated player, Veselin Topalov. In December 2006, Polgár played a six-game match of blindfold rapid chess against former FIDE world champion Veselin Topalov. Topalov won the match 3½–2½ with two wins to Polgár's one. Nearly 1,000 spectators attended the event. In May–June 2007
Judit Polgár
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the other side's Princess, no battle occurs, and the first side wins the game. Burroughs's Jetan may have inspired authors of later planetary romances to invent similar extraterrestrial versions of chess fought with human beings. Instances of such homage include: Jetan Jetan, also known as Martian Chess, is a chess variant with unclear rules. It was created by Edgar Rice Burroughs as a game played on Barsoom, his fictional version of Mars. The game was introduced in "The Chessmen of Mars", the fifth book in the Barsoom series. Its rules are described in Chapter 2 and in the Appendix of
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by tiebreakers: Karjakin on most games with black pieces, Kramnik with one victory with black against Caruana's zero victory. The tiebreakers were: Sonneborn-Berger score, most wins, most wins with black. In case of a tie for the first place, a two-game blitz match (or blitz tournament) and an armageddon game were scheduled. The third edition of the tournament took place from 15 to 26 June 2015. This was the first tournament of a three tournament series in the inaugural Grand Chess Tour, where participants accumulate as many points as possible over the three tournaments for prizes in the overall tour.
Norway Chess
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Bibliography World Chess Championship 1886 The World Chess Championship 1886 was the first official World Chess Championship match contested by Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort. The match took place in the United States, the first five games being played in New York City, the next four being played in St. Louis and the final eleven in New Orleans. The winner was the first player to achieve ten wins. Wilhelm Steinitz won the match 10–5, winning his tenth game in the twentieth game of the match. There were five draws. Previously, there were a number of "unofficial" world championship matches held
World Chess Championship 1886
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World Chess Championship 1886 The World Chess Championship 1886 was the first official World Chess Championship match contested by Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort. The match took place in the United States, the first five games being played in New York City, the next four being played in St. Louis and the final eleven in New Orleans. The winner was the first player to achieve ten wins. Wilhelm Steinitz won the match 10–5, winning his tenth game in the twentieth game of the match. There were five draws. Previously, there were a number of "unofficial" world championship matches held between
World Chess Championship 1886
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"castle" consisting of 3×3 squares surrounded by a "wall" of 12 squares. A king may not leave its 3×3 castle, but the rooks are free to move unimpeded by castles or walls. As in chess, White moves first, a capturing piece replaces the piece captured, and checkmate wins the game. Bibliography Chad (chess variant) Chad is a chess variant for two players created by Christian Freeling in 1979. It is played on an uncheckered 12×12 gameboard with one king and eight rooks per side, where rooks are able to promote to queens. The inventor's aim was "to create a game
Chad (chess variant)
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strategy for "both" players for the same game, for if there were, the two strategies could be played against each other. The resulting outcome would then, by hypothesis, be a win for both players, which is impossible. All finite games of perfect information in which draws do not occur are determined. Real-world games of perfect information, such as tic-tac-toe, chess, or infinite chess, are always finished in a finite number of moves (in chess-games this assumes the 50-move rule is applied). If such a game is modified so that a particular player wins under any condition where the game would
Determinacy
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from each group advanced to the knock-out stage where mini-matches (best of 4) were played, with a 2-game rapid chess playoff in the event of a tie. Topalov–Bareev was tied 2–2; Topalov won the rapid playoff 1½–½. Classical World Chess Championship 2004 The Classical World Chess Championship 2004 was held from September 25, 2004, to October 18, 2004, in Brissago, Switzerland. Vladimir Kramnik, the defending champion, played Peter Leko, the challenger, in a fourteen-game match. The match ended 7–7, each player scoring two wins. Kramnik retained his title under the rules of the match. Garry Kasparov's split from FIDE in
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took part in World Team Chess Championships, Asian Team Chess Championships and Asian Games events with results as follows: Harikrishna has played for a variety of teams in league events. He played for Baden Baden in three of their title wins from 2007 to 2009. From 2012 to 2014, GM Harikrishna played first board for chess club Eppingen in Chess Bundesliga, and he is a member of Spanish chess club Solvay since 2007 (first board). Harikrishna is also the first board for BPCL A team, which has won PSPB Inter Unit Chess Tournaments in 2010 and 2011. The game shown
Pentala Harikrishna
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notebook. The computers won 8.5 to 3.5. The humans won one game: Karjakin, the youngest and lowest rated player, defeated Deep Junior. In November 2005, 3 former FIDE world chess champions—Alexander Khalifman, Ruslan Ponomariov and Rustam Kasimdzhanov—played against computers Hydra, Junior and Fritz. The computers won 8 to 4. The Ponomariov vs Fritz game on November 21, 2005 is the last known win by a human against a top performing computer under normal chess tournament conditions. In 2005, Hydra, a dedicated chess computer with custom hardware and sixty-four processors and also winner of the 14th IPCCC in 2005, crushed seventh-ranked
Human–computer chess matches
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Philip Walsingham Sergeant Philip Walsingham Sergeant (27 January 1872, Notting Hill, London – 20 October 1952) was a British professional writer on chess and popular historical subjects. He collaborated on the fifth (1933), sixth (1939), and seventh (1946) editions of "Modern Chess Openings", an important reference work on the chess openings. He also wrote biographical game collections of Paul Morphy ("Morphy's Games of Chess" (1916) and "Morphy Gleanings"), Rudolf Charousek ("Charousek's Games of Chess" (1919)), and Harry Nelson Pillsbury ("Pillsbury's Chess Career", with W. H. Watts, 1922), and other important books such as "A Century of British Chess" (1934) and
Philip Walsingham Sergeant
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World Chess Championship 2007 The World Chess Championship 2007 was held in Mexico City, from 12 September 2007 to 30 September 2007 to decide the world champion in the board game chess. It was an eight-player, double round robin tournament. Viswanathan Anand of India won the tournament and the title of World Chess Champion. His winning score was 9 points out of 14, with a total of four wins and 10 draws, and Anand was the only undefeated player in the tournament. This championship was unusual in that the World Chess Championship was decided by a tournament rather than a
World Chess Championship 2007
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World Chess Championship 2007 The World Chess Championship 2007 was held in Mexico City, from 12 September 2007 to 30 September 2007 to decide the world champion in the board game chess. It was an eight-player, double round robin tournament. Viswanathan Anand of India won the tournament and the title of World Chess Champion. His winning score was 9 points out of 14, with a total of four wins and 10 draws, and Anand was the only undefeated player in the tournament. This championship was unusual in that the World Chess Championship was decided by a tournament rather than a
World Chess Championship 2007
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zugzwang: and amazingly Black is in zugzwang. The game could continue: and White wins . For an example of triangulation with a queen, see the queen versus rook position at Philidor position. The game Fischer versus Taimanov, fourth match game shows a similar tactic with a bishop. A rook can also perform the maneuver, but a knight cannot . In this game between future FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov and former world champion Anatoly Karpov, White triangulates with his rook to put Black in zugzwang: back to the same position and Black is in zugzwang. The game continued: Triangulation (chess)
Triangulation (chess)
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Parallel Worlds Chess Parallel Worlds Chess is a three-dimensional chess variant invented by R. Wayne Schmittberger in the 1980s. The gamespace comprises three 8×8 chessboards at different levels. Each side commands two full chess armies on levels 1 and 3. Level 2 begins empty and obeys its own move rules. Each player controls two complete chess armies, initially on levels 1 and 3 (see diagram). White moves first. The first player to "capture" either enemy king wins the game. On each turn, a player may move "up to three" of his (pieces and/or pawns). (On the "first" turn, however, White
Parallel Worlds Chess
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Parallel Worlds Chess Parallel Worlds Chess is a three-dimensional chess variant invented by R. Wayne Schmittberger in the 1980s. The gamespace comprises three 8×8 chessboards at different levels. Each side commands two full chess armies on levels 1 and 3. Level 2 begins empty and obeys its own move rules. Each player controls two complete chess armies, initially on levels 1 and 3 (see diagram). White moves first. The first player to "capture" either enemy king wins the game. On each turn, a player may move "up to three" of his (pieces and/or pawns). (On the "first" turn, however, White
Parallel Worlds Chess
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far. They play chess constantly, but Yannick never wins, though he rattles Baeulieu by once managing a draw. After Beaulieu's wife and daughter finally stand up to Beaulieu, they free Yannick. But Yannick has gone mad sitting locked in the room playing chess games against Beaulieu and doesn't leave, believing that the only option to stop Beaulieu is to win against him. In the final showdown the two play a chess game in the cellar, where Beaulieu has conserved all of his victims and placed them as pieces on a giant chessboard. During the game, Beaulieu's little stepdaughter enters the
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female monsters from Greek mythology. The Dragon is also referred to by Parton as female . The Attendant stands next to the Empress at the beginning of the game and moves as a chess king, but is stripped of all normal . White moves first. Capturing the enemy Empress wins the game. There is no castling or checking in 2000 A.D. The following pieces capture the same as they move : Empress (E) Attendant (A) Unicorn (U) Pawn (P) The following pieces "move" as a chess queen, but capture (or exercise other power) in their own special ways: Capricorn (C)
2000 A.D. (chess variant)
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A footman promotes to horseman when reaching the last , but only when the player has fewer than two horsemen. Otherwise the player must redeploy the footman to any vacant square. A player wins by being first to eliminate all of the opponent's footmen. Accumulating two penalty points forfeits the game. A stalemate is a draw. Bibliography Apocalypse (chess variant) Apocalypse is a chess variant invented by C. S. Elliott in 1976. The players each start with two "horsemen" and five "footmen" on a 5×5 board. The two sides make their moves simultaneously. The game was featured in Issue 53
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Here we informally survey some of those operations. For simplicity we assume that the domain of discourse is always {0,1,2,…}. The operation ¬ of "negation" ("not") switches the roles of the two players, turning moves and wins by the machine into those by the environment, and vice versa. For instance, if "Chess" is the game of chess (but with ties ruled out) from the white player’s perspective, then ¬"Chess" is the same game from the black player’s perspective. The "parallel conjunction" ∧ ("pand") and "parallel disjunction" ∨ ("por") combine games in a parallel fashion. A run of "A"∧"B" or "A"∨"B"
Computability logic
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Brains in Bahrain Brains in Bahrain was an eight-game chess match between World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik and the computer program Deep Fritz 7, held in October 2002. The match ended in a tie 4-4, with two wins for each participant and four draws. The first game was drawn. Kramnik won games 2 and 3 by "conventional" anti-computer tactics—play conservatively for a long-term advantage the computer is not able to see in its game tree search. After a draw in game 4, Kramnik lost game 5 due to a blunder. Game 6 was described by commentators as "spectacular". Kramnik, in
Brains in Bahrain
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prize, having drawn or lost at least one game. (Rapid, blitz and blindfold games not included; listed as +wins −losses =draws.)<br> In 2001, Nigel Short wrote in "The Sunday Telegraph" chess column that he believed he had been secretly playing Fischer on the Internet Chess Club (ICC) in speed chess matches. Subsequently others claimed to have played Fischer as well. Fischer denied ownership of the account. The 1955 US Amateur Championship was the first tournament organized by the US Chess Federation in which Fischer entered. Before this tournament, he had played in the Brooklyn Chess Club Championships, in some tournaments
Bobby Fischer
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the lowest division, 4. Leela did not perform well: in 28 games, it won one, drew two, and lost the remainder; its sole victory came from a position in which its opponent, Scorpio 2.82, crashed. However, it improved quickly. In July 2018, Leela placed seventh out of eight competitors at the 2018 World Computer Chess Championship, and in the next TCEC season, it won division 4 with a record of 14 wins, 12 draws, and 2 losses. After being promoted to division 3, Leela tied for 2nd place with Arasan, but did not advance. (In the event of ties, direct
Leela Chess Zero
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Bobby Fischer Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion. Many consider him to be the greatest chess player of all time. Fischer showed great skill in chess from an early age; at 13, he won a known as "The Game of the Century". At age 14, he became the US Chess Champion, and at 15, he became both the youngest grandmaster (GM) up to that time and the youngest candidate for the World Championship. At age 20, Fischer won the 1963–64 US Championship with 11 wins in 11
Bobby Fischer
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arguments over players exceeding time limit at the turn of the 19th century. A Russian composer, Vladimir Korolkov, authored a work entitled "Excelsior" in 1958 in which the White side wins only by making six consecutive captures by a pawn. Position analysis became particularly popular in the 19th century. Many leading players were also accomplished analysts, including Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov and Jan Timman. Digital clocks appeared in the 1980s. Another problem that arose in competitive chess was when adjourning a game for a meal break or overnight. The player who moved last before adjournment would be at
History of chess
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Jeson Mor Jeson Mor (English: "Nine Horses") is a two-player strategy board game from Mongolia. It is considered a chess variant. The game is played on a 9×9 checkered gameboard. Each player has nine chess knights initially lined up on the players' first . A player wins by being first to occupy the central square (square e5) with a knight, and then leave that square. A 9×9 square checkered board is used. Alternatively, an 8×8 square grid can be used with pieces played on the intersection points. Each player has a set of nine chess knights in their own color.
Jeson Mor
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Classical World Chess Championship 1995 The Classical World Chess Championship 1995, known at the time as the PCA World Chess Championship 1995, was held from September 10, 1995, to October 16, 1995, on the 107th floor of the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. Garry Kasparov, the defending champion, played Viswanathan Anand, the challenger, in a twenty-game match. Kasparov won the match after eighteen games with four wins, one loss, and thirteen draws. In 1993, the reigning FIDE World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov decided to split from FIDE because he felt the organisation was corrupt,
Classical World Chess Championship 1995
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create a more dynamic opening game, decrease the emphasis on openings memorization, and reduce draws. In "Chess 2", players may choose from six unique armies, such as an army with two kings and an army whose knights, bishops, and rooks may move like each other when adjacent. A new win condition has been added: a player wins if their king travels past the fourth rank. This was intended to prevent traditional "solved" chess endgames, which can be played by consulting a chess tablebase, and therefore does not require player skill. A third rule change from standard chess is the dueling
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not interested in playing a championship match, but Isidor Gunsberg, the third-place finisher, exercised his right and challenged Chigorin to a World Championship match. In 1890, he drew a first-to-10-wins match against Chigorin (9-9 with five draws). These were the same terms (9-9 draw clause) as the first World Championship match between Steinitz and Zukertort in 1886. Incidentally, they were also the same match terms that Bobby Fischer would insist on for his title defense in 1975. The seventh American Chess Congress was held in St. Louis in 1904. With US Champion Harry Nelson Pillsbury ill and dying, Max Judd
American Chess Congress
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Zendo (game) Zendo is a game of inductive logic designed by Kory Heath in which one player (the "Master") creates a rule for structures ("koans") to follow, and the other players (the "Students") try to discover it by building and studying various koans which follow or break the rule. The first student to correctly state the rule wins. "Zendo" can be compared to the card game "Eleusis" and the chess variant "Penultima" in which players attempt to discover inductively a secret rule thought of by one or more players (called "God" or "Nature" in "Eleusis" and "Spectators" in "Penultima") who
Zendo (game)
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Allen Kaufman Allen Kaufman (1933) is an American chess master and the former Executive Director of the American Chess Foundation and Chess-in-the-Schools. Kaufman, a longtime member of the Marshall Chess Club and former vice president, competed nationally in chess in the 1950s. In 1954, Kaufman finished seventh in the U.S. Open. In 1957 at the U.S. Open, while ultimately finishing out of contention, Kaufman was in first place after the fourth round and tied for third after the sixth round. In 1958, Kaufman came in sixth in the U.S. Open. The winner, Eldis Cobo-Arteaga, lost his only game to Kaufman.
Allen Kaufman
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includes several wins over Frank Marshall, one of the world's top players, as well as Helms' 'Immortal Game', a well-known stunning tactical win over James Smyth in 1915. Helms was inducted into the United States Chess Hall of Fame in 1988. Hermann Helms Hermann Helms (1870, Hamburg, USA – 1963, Brooklyn) was an American chess player, writer, and promoter. He is a member of the United States Chess Hall of Fame, organized as part of the World Chess Hall of Fame. Helms was born in Brooklyn, but spent much of his childhood in Hamburg, Germany and in Halifax, Canada, where
Hermann Helms
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If a player wins a chance at a seal prize, that player's name is added to the signers card. When the game ends—all the tickets sell out, or all the prizes are won—the manager opens the seals on the game board (or, in some versions, scratches off an opaque substance) to reveal the winning numbers. The players whose names appear next to the winning numbers on the signers card win a seal prize. The seal prizes are usually the most valuable prizes. United States collector coins are embedded in most coin boards sold in the US. Sometimes they are visible,
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contains listings of 100 chess endgames. One of these positions was used by Wilhelm Heinse in his novel "Anastasia und das Schachspiel" (English: "Anastasia and the game of chess"). This Lolli Position is from the pawnless endgame of a rook and bishop versus a rook. Although this endgame is a draw in general, White to move wins in this position . Lolli also studied some defensive fortresses and the queen versus pawn endgame. Giambattista Lolli Giambattista Lolli (1698 in Nonantola, Italy – 4 June 1769) was an Italian chess player. Lolli was one of the most important chess theoreticians of
Giambattista Lolli
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common with king and pawn endgames. As a result, Mikhail Botvinnik stated that “a knight ending is really a pawn ending.” This is generally a draw since the knight can be sacrificed for the pawn, however, the king and knight must be covering squares in the pawn's path. If the pawn reaches the seventh rank and is supported by its king and knight, it usually promotes and wins. In this position, White to move wins: 1. b6 Nb7 2. Ne6! Na5 3. Kc8! N-any 4. Nc7#. If Black plays the knight to any other square on move 2, White plays
Chess endgame
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piece, but also finding and engineering opportunities to trade one piece for two, or to get a better position. In addition to checkmate, a player wins the game if the opponent , or (in a timed game) runs out of time. There are also several ways that a game can end in a draw. The first generally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886. Since 1948, the World Championship has been regulated by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), the game's international governing body. FIDE also awards life-time master titles to skilled players, the highest of
Chess
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that the first-to-12½-points format was not fair, since it encouraged whoever was leading to play for draws instead of wins. He himself espoused this strategy in the match: after having taken a comfortable lead, he drew games 14–20. With each game, he coasted closer to the title, while Spassky lost a chance to fight back. This style of chess offended Fischer. Instead he demanded the format be changed to that used in the very first World Championship, between Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort, where the winner was the first player to score 10 wins with draws not counting. In case
World Chess Championship 1975
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medal in the women's event for the first time since 1994 and after three consecutive silver medals. They scored 20 match points with nine wins and two draws, finishing three points ahead of Poland and Ukraine who scored 17 match points each. Poland won the silver medal after winning the tie-breaker with Ukraine. The defending champions from the previous three Olympiads Russia finished without a medal on the fourth place after losing the decisive match for the gold medal against China in the final round. Vietnam, Azerbaijan and Israel have all surprised positively, finishing on the seventh, eighth and the
Women's event at the 42nd Chess Olympiad