who owns the patent for the rfid chip
Charles Walton
1457028
performed by Steven Depp, Alfred Koelle, and Robert Frayman at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1973. The portable system operated at 915 MHz and used 12-bit tags. This technique is used by the majority of today's UHFID and microwave RFID tags. The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton in 1983. A radio-frequency identification system uses "tags", or "labels" attached to the objects to be identified. Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called "interrogators" or "readers" send a signal to the tag and read its response. RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery-assisted
Radio-frequency identification
16034660
Charles Walton (inventor) Charles Walton (1921 – November 6, 2011) is best known as the first patent holder for the RFID (radio frequency identification) device. Many individuals contributed to the invention of the RFID, but Walton was awarded ten patents in all for various RFID-related devices, including his key 1973 design for a "Portable radio frequency emitting identifier". This patent was awarded in 1983, and was the first to bear the acronym "RFID". Charles Walton grew up in Maryland and New York State, and graduated from George School in 1939. He graduated from Cornell University in 1943 with a degree
Charles Walton (inventor)
1457028
performed by Steven Depp, Alfred Koelle, and Robert Frayman at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1973. The portable system operated at 915 MHz and used 12-bit tags. This technique is used by the majority of today's UHFID and microwave RFID tags. The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton in 1983. A radio-frequency identification system uses "tags", or "labels" attached to the objects to be identified. Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called "interrogators" or "readers" send a signal to the tag and read its response. RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery-assisted
Radio-frequency identification
8668390
landfill reduction targets. Each RFID chip costs around £2, with each scanning system costing around £15,000. The Local Government Association (LGA) provided £5 million to councils to fund 40 pilot schemes. They are supplied by two rival German companies: Sulo and Deister Electronic. Some suggest that people who removed the chip might not have their bin emptied. The motivation behind the RFID chips are to monitor the production of landfill waste so that councils can comply with the European Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC. "" The standard regulating RFID tags for the waste industry is EN 14803 Identification and/or determination of the
Bin bug
1457056
using RFID tags as a replacement for barcode tags. Currently CCIA tags are used in Wisconsin and by United States farmers on a voluntary basis. The USDA is currently developing its own program. RFID tags are required for all cattle sold in Australia and in some states, sheep and goats as well. Biocompatible microchip implants that utilize RFID technology are being routinely implanted in to humans. The first reported experiment with RFID implants was conducted by British professor of cybernetics Kevin Warwick who had an RFID chip implanted in his arm by his general practitioner George Boulos in 1998. In
Radio-frequency identification
1457075
replays. The RFID chip will make individual player information accessible to the public. The data will be available via the NFL 2015 app. The RFID chips are manufactured by Zebra Technologies. Zebra Technologies tested the RFID chip in 18 stadiums last year to track vector data. RFID tags are often a complement, but not a substitute, for UPC or EAN barcodes. They may never completely replace barcodes, due in part to their higher cost and the advantage of multiple data sources on the same object. Also, unlike RFID labels, barcodes can be generated and distributed electronically, "e.g." via e-mail or
Radio-frequency identification
7088622
future land border crossings. Unlike the biometric chips found in Canadian passports, the RFID chip does not store any personal data, but instead a unique identifier. When entering Canada from a land port of entry, the RFID chip in the PR card will be read by RFID tag readers. The unique identifier is then transmitted to a secure database and the permanent resident's information is retrieved by the CBSA officer who will have information even before the vehicle stops at the inspection booth. The design is similar to the 2009 version, although an image of the Peace Tower is shown
Canada permanent resident card
14629583
electrical components on one microchip, RFID reader chips can minimize size and costs of RFID readers. As of 2008, 40 to 50 manufacturers had developed readers using the R1000 chip. In 2009, Impinj unveiled the Indy R2000 reader chip, with increased performance designed for use in high-end readers for more challenging applications. In 2010, Impinj further expander their reader chip portfolio by introducing the Indy R500 reader chip, a lower cost chip for applications that don't require high performance. In 2011, Impinj announced its STP Source Tagging Platform, a combination of a reader and firmware designed for mass encoding of
Impinj
10691201
the RFID chip that goes beyond the minimum ICAO requirements, in particular fingerprint images. Basic access control Basic access control (BAC) is a mechanism specified to ensure only authorized parties can wirelessly read personal information from passports with an RFID chip. It uses data such as the passport number, date of birth and expiration date to negotiate a session key. This key can then be used to encrypt the communication between the passports chip and a reading device. This mechanism is intended to ensure that the owner of a passport can decide who can read the electronic contents of the
Basic access control
6553001
for advancing the literature of liberty. The book lays out the potential implications of RFID on privacy and civil liberties. RFID industry representatives have criticized it, claiming the authors exaggerate some RFID privacy threats. In a lengthy rebuttal, Albrecht asked why critics don't "mention sworn patent documents from IBM describing ways to secretly follow innocent people in libraries, theaters, and public restrooms through the RFID tags in their clothes and belongings? Where is […] outrage over BellSouth's patent-pending plans to pick through our garbage and skim the data contained in the RFID tags we discard?" Previously, she hosted a two-hour
Katherine Albrecht
8668391
quantity of waste. The RFID tag is located in a recess under the front lip of the bin, either as a self-contained unit or behind a plastic cap. There is some debate as to the legality of removing the RFID chip. Bin bug The term "bin bug" was coined in August 2006 by the British media to refer to the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips by some local councils to monitor the amount of domestic waste created by each household. The system works by having a unique RFID chip for each household's non-recycling wheelie bin (such households have
Bin bug
10779084
machine readable zone is printed on the bottom of the reverse-side of the card. the data on the RFID chip contains no biometric data. It has the following information: The contents of the RFID chip cannot be accessed without using the codes found in the machine-readable area on the back of the card. Nationals of any country who are legally resident in Sweden can get certified identification cards issued by the Tax Agency or their bank. Driving licences (if approved as a driver) are issued by the Transport Agency and usable as identification cards. However, none of these documents state
National identity card (Sweden)
5874278
Franklin D. Roosevelt, then Assistant Secretary of the Navy, pressured the industry to form a patent pool, the Manufacturer's Aircraft Association. In a more modern example, in August 2005, a patent pool was formed by about 20 companies active in the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) domain. The RFID Consortium picked Via Licensing to administer its patent pool in September 2006. As in these examples many industries could not function without patent pools since the coordination costs (risk, negotiation, etc.) would otherwise be too high. Patent pools are only one example of cases where members of an otherwise competitive industry join
Patent pool
9297439
alternative to border communities and frequent travelers, the passport card was developed. In an effort to improve efficiency at land crossings, the passport card also includes a vicinity-read radio frequency identification chip with a unique identifying number tied to government databases. Unlike the passport book, the RFID chip in the passport card is designed to be readable at a greater distance, allowing border agents to access traveler information before they pull up to the inspection station. While a biometric passport contains a chip containing all of the traveler's information in electronic format, the RFID chip in a passport card does
United States Passport Card
13972902
procedure. Jonathan Oxer self-implanted an RFID chip in his arm using a veterinary implantation tool. Martijn Wismeijer, Dutch marketing manager for Bitcoin ATM manufacturer General Bytes, placed RFID chips in both of his hands to store his Bitcoin private keys and business card. Patric Lanhed sent a “bio-payment” of one euro worth of Bitcoin using a chip embedded in his hand. Marcel Varallo had an NXP chip coated in Bioglass 8625 inserted into his hand between his forefinger and thumb allowing him to open secure elevators and doors at work, print from secure printers, unlock his mobile phone and home,
Microchip implant (human)
15322770
have no prior knowledge of the Spyro character. To enable the game to work with the toys, the base of each toy contains an RFID chip which communicates wirelessly with the portal when in near proximity to inform the game which toy is currently active. The RFID chip also retains several key stats including gold, level and upgrades purchased and won through gameplay. Due to the use of RFID, the toys are portable between supported platforms while retaining their stats, allowing players to use their characters in other player's games with all upgrades in place. Additionally, two figures can be
Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure
14629577
Impinj partnered with Korean company LS Industrial Systems (part of LS Group) to create RFID solutions targeting the Korean market. In June 2008, Impinj sold its non-volatile memory business to Virage Logic. Also in 2008, Impinj acquired the Intel RFID division, including an Intel-developed RFID reader chip. Impinj renamed the chip Indy R1000. In 2009, Coca-Cola unveiled their Freestyle soda machine that gives users one hundred different possible drink combinations. The Freestyle soda machine uses Impinj Monza tag chips and Indy reader chips to determine user preferences and to monitor the dispensers. Mexico has certified the Impinj Speedway reader to
Impinj
19639848
in RFID tagging technology to date as well as the smallest On Chip Antenna (OCA) UHF RFID tag in the world. With an overall size of only 0.45mm x 0.45mm x 0.2mm, the patented technology places the antenna directly onto the chip silicon. Every other aspect of the RFIT chip conforms to Electronic Product Code (EPC) Class 1, Gen2 ISO 18000-6C. As both the EPC and Data areas are programmable, the RFIT inlay offers individualized secure electronic tracking. Requiring a specially designed Near Field Antenna (NFA) to activate the passive UHF RFIT tag, the read range is limited up to
Dynamic Intelligent Currency Encryption
8668387
Bin bug The term "bin bug" was coined in August 2006 by the British media to refer to the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips by some local councils to monitor the amount of domestic waste created by each household. The system works by having a unique RFID chip for each household's non-recycling wheelie bin (such households have two bins: one for general waste and one recycling bin). The chip is scanned by the dustbin lorry and, as it lifts the bin, records the weight of the contents. This is then stored in a central database that monitors the
Bin bug
13092075
as a Telecommunications Center Operator (1983–1986) Conrad studied Electronics Technology at the Southern Maine Technical College for two years. Conrad is also known worldwide for implementing a system which allowed guests at his night clubs to be implanted with RFID chips. Customers who carry the chip are allowed access to the VIP area. The system also allows patrons to pay for drinks just by being scanned. It was the first time that RFID technology had been used for this purpose. The idea has been featured in the TV series "" and in the series Moonlight. Conrad speaks: English, Spanish and
Conrad Chase
1457041
to secure process control in logistics. RFIDs are easy to conceal or incorporate in other items. For example, in 2009 researchers at Bristol University successfully glued RFID micro-transponders to live ants in order to study their behavior. This trend towards increasingly miniaturized RFIDs is likely to continue as technology advances. Hitachi holds the record for the smallest RFID chip, at 0.05 mm × 0.05 mm. This is 1/64th the size of the previous record holder, the mu-chip. Manufacture is enabled by using the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. These dust-sized chips can store 38-digit numbers using 128-bit Read Only Memory (ROM). A
Radio-frequency identification
1457023
an RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line; RFID-tagged pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses; and implanting RFID microchips in livestock and pets enables positive identification of animals. Since RFID tags can be attached to cash, clothing, and possessions, or implanted in animals and people, the possibility of reading personally-linked information without consent has raised serious privacy concerns. These concerns resulted in standard specifications development addressing privacy and security issues. ISO/IEC 18000 and ISO/IEC 29167 use on-chip cryptography methods for untraceability, tag and reader authentication, and over-the-air privacy.
Radio-frequency identification
7042611
RFID chip). Whilst fingerprints are collected as part of the application process for the card, fingerprint images are neither printed on the card nor stored in an RFID chip embedded within the card. The front side features the words "RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE" across the top, and the following information below: At the bottom of the front side is a two-line machine readable zone. The format of the first row is: The format of the second row is: The rear side contains the following information: Following a study launched by French Minister of the Interior Daniel Vaillant in 2001, plans have been
National identity card (France)
13313560
tags as needed. Omni-ID has applied for a patent on the product. In September 2009, the Ultra tag was introduced, a long range passive tag. Benchmark tests by Martin Bjerre, RFID Global Solution, Inc., demonstrated a read range of 135 ft. with a stationary RFID reader, a record for a passive tag. RFID tag technology is used in supply chain management to improve inventory visibility and asset management tracking. It is also used in transponders that time races, vehicle access control, biometric passports, and in libraries. In April, 2008, Omni-ID was a finalist and the second runner-up at the RFID
Omni-ID
7483331
forms the basis for the design of today's RFID tags for the retail supply chain. These tags are manufactured today in the hundreds of millions. The United States patent states "The elements of the package (substrate, antenna, and laminated covers) are flexible. The elements of the package are all thin. The tag is thin and flexible, enabling a unique range of applications including: RFID tagging of credit cards, passports, admission tickets, and postage stamps." This patent has been cited as a reference by over eight hundred US patents. It has been the subject of litigation between some of the major
Paul Moskowitz
17172346
Ventra Ventra is an electronic fare payment system for the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) and Pace, which replaced the Chicago Card and the Transit Card automated fare collection systems. Ventra (purportedly Latin for "windy," though the actual Latin word is "ventosa") launched in August 2013, with a full system transition occurring in July 2014. The payment system includes several options of payment, including a contactless smart card powered by RFID, a single day or use ticket powered by RFID, any personal bank-issued credit card or debit card that has an RFID chip, and a compatible mobile phone. Ventra is operated
Ventra
14629582
Speedway RFID reader, measuring 6.75 x 5.5 x 1 inches. The Speedway Revolution introduced Autopilot technology, which enables the reader to reconfigure itself as the environment shifts. Introduced in 2010, the Speedway xPortal is a RFID fixed reader that combined the Speedway Revolution with Dual-Linear Phased Array technology, with a smaller design than previous reader portals. Whereas previous portal readers weighed about 150 lbs, the Speedway xPortal weighs 6.5 lbs and measures 40.5 x 8.72 x 2 inches. In 2008, Impinj acquired the Intel RFID division, including an Intel-developed RFID reader chip which Impinj renamed Indy R1000. By combining many
Impinj
2473557
or use ticket powered by RFID, any personal bank-issued credit card or debit card that has an RFID chip, and a compatible mobile phone. Which includes Apple Pay, Samsung Pay and Android Pay. Ventra is operated by Cubic Transportation Systems. Riders when using Ventra pay ($2.25/Bus, $2.50/Rail). Disabled & seniors who are 65 or older pay ($1.10/Bus $1.25/Rail). Elementary and high school students 7-20 years old: Valid 5:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. on school days pay $.75 during school hours and pay $1.10 during weekends and holidays. Transfers within two hours are $.25 full fare, $.15 for disabled, senior and
Chicago Transit Authority
11998498
Azerbaijan license plate incorporates an RFiD TAG/chip, the RFiD TAG is placed on the lower left corner of the license plate below the Azerbaijan national flag, in most plates the TAG has the "AZ" letters printed on. The TAG may move to the top right corner and lose the "AZ" printing on some of the more squared license plate formats. The colour of the LP still varies depending on the vehicles usage and ownership. The Portuguese company Porta Saber, Lda is supplying the license plate RFiD TAG and the License Plate RFiD Reading System and Software. As with Turkish plates
Vehicle registration plates of Azerbaijan
12045907
enables the baggage to be checked-out in KL Sentral once the operator of KLIA Express, ERL Berhad introduce the new facility. Baggage is handled by two companies, Malaysia Airlines and Kuala Lumpur Airport Services (KLAS). The Malaysia Airlines System handles most airlines landing at KLIA whereas KLAS also handles the remaining airlines. IATA had agreed to facilitate the usage of RFID tags between KL International Airport and Hong Kong Airport after the launch of the world's smallest multiband RFID chip in Kuala Lumpur. KLIA will be the second airport to use RFID The RFID baggage tagging trial between Kuala Lumpur
Operations and Infrastructure of Kuala Lumpur International Airport
1457104
"kill" the tag. UHF RFID tags that comply with the EPC2 Gen 2 Class 1 standard usually support this mechanism, while protecting the chip from being killed with a password. Guessing or cracking this needed 32-bit password for killing a tag would not be difficult for a determined attacker. Radio-frequency identification Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically-stored information. Passive tags collect energy from a nearby RFID reader's interrogating radio waves. Active tags have a local power source (such as a battery) and may operate hundreds of meters
Radio-frequency identification
13634084
retains data contents during power outages caused by switching of the powering field in orientation-insensitive interrogators. Primary applications are in RFID tags for use in gaming, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, document and media management. The German identity card contains an ISO/IEC 18000-3 and ISO/IEC 14443 type A compatible 13.56 MHz RFID chip that uses the ISO/IEC 7816 protocols. ISO/IEC 18000-3 ISO/IEC 18000-3 is an international standard for passive RFID item level identification and describes the parameters for air interface communications at 13.56 MHz. The target markets for MODE 2 are in tagging systems for manufacturing, logistics, retail, transport and airline baggage. MODE
ISO/IEC 18000-3
5001239
manufacturing process is held by Miyake Inc. of Japan. Also, patents have recently been appearing for various combination tag designs for integration of both RF and RFID. The last known patent is the "Global Guard" by Argos Global, an EAS system that integrates video surveillance hidden inside pedestals, getting a close up of potential thieves. Retailers Advantage has become more prominent with their release of both the 'a3tag' and 'STPLUS' hard tags. They remain one the last developers who own patents on EAS and RFID hard tags. Until recently, acousto-magnetic systems were covered by now-expired patents held by Sensormatic. WG
Electronic article surveillance
11454914
presence of RFID chip, is placed on the cover of the passport, as well as above the photo of the holder on the main rigid information page which contains the RFID chip as well as a machine readable zone at the bottom of the page. The overall design of the new booklet, apart from the above-mentioned, does not differ from the previous non-biometric booklet design. As of 1 January 2018, Azerbaijani citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 63 countries and territories, ranking the Azerbaijani passport 72nd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley visa restrictions
Azerbaijani passport
20623744
no longer represented the vehicle type. The second character of these plates first takes on a numerical value of 1 to 9 (in order) followed by the number 0, and then the letters of the alphabet in alphabetical order. All vehicles now are issued the so-called "third plate" which is a windshield sticker that includes an RFID chip. The RFID chip allows the police to electronically verify the registration of the vehicle with a hand-held reader. The third plate cannot be removed from the windshield without it being destroyed. All Special Series plates are easily distinguished by the small letter
Vehicle registration plates of Peru
1457074
turnstile as the skier pushes through to the lift. These systems were based on high frequency (HF) at 13.56 megahertz. The bulk of ski areas in Europe, from Verbier to Chamonix use these systems. The NFL in the United States equips players with RFID chips that measures speed, distance and direction traveled by each player in real-time. Currently cameras stay focused on the quarterback, however, numerous plays are happening simultaneously on the field. The RFID chip will provide new insight into these simultaneous plays. The chip triangulates the player's position within six inches and will be used to digitally broadcast
Radio-frequency identification
7042610
card that it will expire on 1 February 2014). The card measures 105 x 74 mm. The paper card is laminated and has rounded corners. All the information on the card is given in the French language only. Whilst French passports and residence permits (issued to non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizens residing in France) contain an RFID chip, the design of the French national identity card has remained unchanged since 1994 and so cards continue to be issued without an RFID chip (unlike a number of other EU member states which have updated the design of their national identity cards to include an
National identity card (France)
4085246
is read by scanners as far as at 915 MHz, and the tag features a 2048-bit read/write passive memory. To duplicate a 915 MHz EZ TAG, a copy of the ROM 2048-bit chip must be dumped and loaded into another ROM chip and a matched inductance of the RFID EZ TAG surface needs to be constructed. Blank 915 MHz RFID pads can be bought online. As of January 2008, three different sets of EZ Tags have been released. The differences are purely cosmetic. Despite the similarity in the names, EZ Tags are not compatible with the E-ZPass system in the
EZ TAG
12376792
the chip, containing the data already printed on the ID card. Those opting for the chip card do not have their place of residence (home address) printed, but it is stored in the chip. The police has provided the public with freeware software to download the data from any ID card to a computer (except for the scanned signature and the fingerprint) using a standard smart card reader. Serbian ID does not feature contactless RFID chip, so it is not a fully ICAO9303 compliant biometric travel document. About two thirds of citizens applying for the ID card opt for the
Serbian identity card
17381315
This active jammer creates an electronic jamming field up to 15cm from the front and the same from the rear of the jamming card that protects the cards that fall within its jamming proximity. RFID skimming RFID skimming is a method to unlawfully obtain someones payment card information. Modern payment cards have a built in chip that transmits the cards' information wirelessly. This is because it is necessary in order to enable contactless payments, which has become increasingly popular during recent years. Criminals can take advantage of this new technology by using a scanner that wirelessly scans the victim's payment
RFID skimming
17381307
RFID skimming RFID skimming is a method to unlawfully obtain someones payment card information. Modern payment cards have a built in chip that transmits the cards' information wirelessly. This is because it is necessary in order to enable contactless payments, which has become increasingly popular during recent years. Criminals can take advantage of this new technology by using a scanner that wirelessly scans the victim's payment card in the same way that a cash register scans it, when making a contactless payment. These scanners are legal and can be bought in regular electronics stores. Most modern mobile phones running Android
RFID skimming
1457058
concerns that individuals could potentially be tracked by carrying an identifier unique to them. Privacy advocates have protested against implantable RFID chips, warning of potential abuse. Some are concerned this could lead to abuse by an authoritarian government, to removal of freedoms, and to the emergence of an "ultimate panopticon", a society where all citizens behave in a socially accepted manner because others might be watching. On July 22, 2006, Reuters reported that two hackers, Newitz and Westhues, at a conference in New York City demonstrated that they could clone the RFID signal from a human implanted RFID chip, indicating
Radio-frequency identification
832174
in traditional bar codes is stored as a sequence of black and white bars varying in width, which when read by laser is translated into a digital sequence, which according to fixed rules can be converted into a decimal number or other data. Sometimes information in a bar code can be transmitted through radio frequency, more typically radio transmission is used in RFID tags. An RFID tag is card containing a memory chip and an antenna which transmits signals to a reader. RFID may be found on merchandise, animals, vehicles and people as well. A logistician is a professional logistics
Logistics
10691195
Basic access control Basic access control (BAC) is a mechanism specified to ensure only authorized parties can wirelessly read personal information from passports with an RFID chip. It uses data such as the passport number, date of birth and expiration date to negotiate a session key. This key can then be used to encrypt the communication between the passports chip and a reading device. This mechanism is intended to ensure that the owner of a passport can decide who can read the electronic contents of the passport. This mechanism was first introduced into the German passport on 1 November 2005
Basic access control
16478884
calculation). The Republic of Lebanon ID cards contain an ISO 18000-3 and ISO 14443 compatible 13.56 MHz RFID chip that uses the ISO 7816 protocols. The chip stores the bearer's name, gender, date and place of birth, a digital image of their face, ten fingerprints, palmprints, and electronic signature in a JPEG2000 format. In addition, the new ID card can be used for online authentication (e.g. for age verification or for e-government applications). An electronic signature, provided by a private company, can also be stored on the chip. The document number, the photo and the fingerprints can supposedly be read
Lebanese identity card
3039003
Notably, Kac coined the term "bioart" with his 1997 performance work "Time Capsule". In "Time Capsule", Kac implanted himself with an RFID chip originally designed for use in pets. A participant in Chicago then triggered the RFID scanned in the Brazilian Gallery where Kac was performing, casing the scanner to display a unique code for the implant. Kac then registered himself on the pet database associated with the implant, becoming the first human to do so. By the late 90s Kac defined himself either a "transgenic artist" or "bio artist," and was using biotechnology and genetics to create provocative works
Eduardo Kac
11839752
as a substitute for a company car and this function is intended to make the card a more attractive alternative. An electronic key based on RFID technology is integrated into the card, which can be used to unlock carsharing vehicles parked near train stations. Since the RFID chip is automatically included in all cards, not only the ones with carsharing capability, and since the passenger's photograph is printed on the card, it has been criticised for violating privacy rights, and DB received the 2007 Big Brother Award as a result. Deutsche Bahn is in the process of expanding the Bahncard
BahnCard
9950356
or total material used. ACPs are widely used in lower-end applications, primarily in the assembly of chips on to RFID antenna substrates. They are also used in some board or flex assembly applications, but at a much lower level than ACFs. While ACPs are generally lower cost than ACFs, they cannot provide the same level of control in adhesive quantity and particle dispersion as ACF. For this reason it is very difficult to use them for high-density applications. ACF technology is used in chip-on-glass (COG), flex-on-glass (FOG), flex-on-board (FOB), flex-on-flex (FOF), chip-on-flex (COF), chip-on-board (COB), and similar applications for higher
Anisotropic conductive film
9297440
not contain any personal information beyond the identifying number, which is used to locate records in secure government databases. To prevent the RFID chip from being read when the card is not being used, the passport card comes with a sleeve designed to block RFID while inside. The passport card is a limited travel document, valid only for land and sea travel within North America (Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda). It cannot be used for international air travel. The Department of State indicates that this is because "designing a card format passport for wide use, including
United States Passport Card
4497971
will be issued to employees of ministries, departments and agencies of the republic, individuals who travel abroad or outside the country, as well as citizens who receive a passport in connection with the achievement of a certain age or for other grounds provided by law. The second phase will be for the rest of the population who will be able to get new passports for the period from 2012 to 2015. Issued after July 2007, Venezuela was the first Latin American country issuing passports including RFID chips along other major security improvements. The chip has photo and fingerprints data. Introduced
Biometric passport
7485479
list smart cards used for public transportation and other electronic purse applications. A related contactless technology is RFID (radio frequency identification). In certain cases, it can be used for applications similar to those of contactless smart cards, such as for electronic toll collection. RFID devices usually do not include writeable memory or microcontroller processing capability as contactless smart cards often do. There are dual-interface cards that implement contactless and contact interfaces on a single card with some shared storage and processing. An example is Porto's multi-application transport card, called Andante, that uses a chip in contact and contactless (ISO/IEC 14443
Contactless smart card
12376790
certain changes in the design and features of the ID in 2014. Among other things, there is a plan to improve the quality of the holder's photo. All new IDs will contain contact chip (until now there was a possibility of opt out for the chip) and there will also be a RFID chip incorporated in the design. The ID will be readable by passport readers and it could be programmed to contain holder's electronic signature, health insurance data, public transport subscription information, as well as, information usually contained in a driving licence. E-government portals will be made compatible with
Serbian identity card
3119439
Banknotes are typically printed with fine alignment between the printing on each side of the note. This allows the note to be examined for this feature, and provides opportunities to unambiguously align other features of the note to the printing. Again, this is difficult to imitate accurately enough in most print shops. With the advent of RFID, it is possible to insert extremely small RF-active devices into the printed product to enhance document security. This is most apparent in modern biometric passports, where an RFID chip mirrors the printed information. Security ink with a normal "trigger" temperature of , which
Security printing
2760934
been completed between cards and readers. This provides a high degree of resilience. In 2008, a fashion caught on for removing the RFID chip from Oyster cards and attaching it to wrist watches and bracelets. This allowed commuters to pass through the gates by "swiping" their hand without the need to take out a proper card. Although the RFID chips were charged in the normal way and no fare evasion was involved, TfL disapproved of the practice and threatened to fine anyone not carrying a full undamaged card, although it is not clear what the actual offence would be, were
Oyster card
4165851
Microchip implant (animal) A microchip implant is an identifying integrated circuit placed under the skin of an animal. The chip, about the size of a large grain of rice, uses passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, and is also known as a PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tag. Externally attached microchips such as RFID ear tags are commonly used to identify farm and ranch animals, with the exception of horses. Some external microchips can be read with the same scanner used with implanted chips. Animal shelters, animal control officers and veterinarians routinely look for microchips to return lost pets quickly to
Microchip implant (animal)
9842426
calculated and published to the internet so that athletes and spectators have access to results via any web enabled device. Transponder timing Transponder timing (also called chip timing or RFID timing) is a technique for measuring performance in sport events. A transponder working on a radio-frequency identification (RFID) basis is attached to the athlete and emits a unique code that is detected by radio receivers located at the strategic points in an event. Prior to the use of this technology, races were either timed by hand (with operators pressing a stopwatch) or using video camera systems. Generically, there are two
Transponder timing
6548258
spent over $500,000 on a system whereby students wear an RFID chip and barcode around their necks, allowing the school to track their location during the school day. The students need the tag "to use the library or cafeteria, vote in school elections, and in some cases for toilet breaks". One student was expelled in 2012 after refusing to either wear the tag or to wear a version of it that included the barcode but not the RFID tag. Her objections were for reasons of religion, privacy, and freedom of expression; the school had also forbidden her from handing out
Northside Independent School District
17606923
is currently photonic integration of III-V photonic components. He was involved in the realisation of a 16x16 photonic switch which had the time had the largest number of active components integrated together on a single chip. He is involved in European research efforts to develop a generic foundry for III-V PICs and is part of the Advisory Board for the Jeppix activity which seeks to broker the developing capability to users. He has also carried out research on broad area RFID systems, where the detection range of passive RFID tags has been greatly improved. Research is now continuing on localisation
Richard Penty
14437460
number of trains washed, the process a train is going through, the water and the chemical indicator. The trains can be cleaned in less than three minutes with just 600 litres of water, of which 80% is recyclable." Manual high-pressure washing would require 3 hours and 3,000 litres of water. MMOPL initially used a Wheel Flange Lubrication (WFL) system to reduce wear and tear of rolling stock wheels. The agency invested to introduce a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip based system to accomplish the task. The MMOPL stated that the RFID system provides even longer lifespan for wheels, and the
Line 1 (Mumbai Metro)
9842415
Transponder timing Transponder timing (also called chip timing or RFID timing) is a technique for measuring performance in sport events. A transponder working on a radio-frequency identification (RFID) basis is attached to the athlete and emits a unique code that is detected by radio receivers located at the strategic points in an event. Prior to the use of this technology, races were either timed by hand (with operators pressing a stopwatch) or using video camera systems. Generically, there are two types of transponder timing systems; active and passive. An active transponder consists of a battery-powered transceiver, connected to the athlete,
Transponder timing
12751157
infringer ("chip pirate") by bringing an action for mask work infringement in federal district court. The remedies available correspond generally to those of copyright law and patent law. The SCPA does not protect functional aspects of chip designs, which is reserved to patent law. Although EPROM and other memory chips topographies are protectable under the SCPA, such protection does not extend to the information stored in chips, such as computer programs. Such information is protected, if at all, only by copyright law. The SCPA permits competitive emulation of a chip by means of reverse engineering. The ordinary test for illegal
Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984
10193425
an advertisement in Melbourne promised that Fischer's Patent Bath Heater could be heated with wood in three minutes at the cost of one farthing. Catalogs from the National Radiator Company between 1913 and 1919, which were marketed in Australia, do not show chip heaters. This suggests that the chip heater was a local innovation. The chip heater was very similar to the gas and kerosene powered “geyser” hot water heaters popular in Australian suburban residences from the 1920s. The main difference was the fuel source. The Australian producer Metters Limited supplied gas geysers for city clients (who had access to
Chip heater
310962
Documents", the technical standard for machine-readable passports. A more recent standard is for biometric passports. These contain biometrics to authenticate the identity of travellers. The passport's critical information is stored on a tiny RFID computer chip, much like information stored on smartcards. Like some smartcards, the passport booklet design calls for an embedded contactless chip that is able to hold digital signature data to ensure the integrity of the passport and the biometric data. Historically, legal authority to issue passports is founded on the exercise of each country's executive discretion (or Crown prerogative). Certain legal tenets follow, namely: first, passports
Passport
13960580
luggage tag means that the microchip is protected and can also be used for automatic check-in of items of luggage, saving resources. The tags contain two microchips; an ultra high frequency RFID chip that is used for identification and for encoding flight details when the person travels and an NFC chip that can be used by the airport or airline to get the lost bag details immediately on their smartphone as well as alert the owner of the bag by SMS and email. There is also a QR code and number printed on the tag so that they work in
Reboundtag
10569664
to make it easier to visually detect forgery attempts. Personal names containing special letters (for example, å, ä, ö) are spelled the correct way in the non-machine-readable zone, but are mapped in the machine-readable zone, å becoming AA, ä becoming AE, and ö becoming OE. For example: Fältskog → FAELTSKOG. Letters with accents are replaced by simple letters (for example, é → E). The new chip based passports contain an RFID chip with 16 data groups (DGs). The security object contains signed hash values of all data groups. Correctly verifying this SOD with its PKI certificate hierarchy will tell that
Swedish passport
7483332
players in the RFID field, e.g. between Intermec and Symbol Technologies and between Intermec and Alien Technology. Another Moskowitz patent is United States Patent 6,163,250, titled "System and method for sensing objects on surface of vehicle." According to the patent, "Typically, vehicle drivers and/or passengers place objects on, for example, the roof or hood of their vehicle. Often, the driver and/or passengers forget that they have placed the objects there, and proceed to enter the car and drive away. The objects are usually grocery or food items, or beverages such as coffee or soft drinks, etc., but may include other
Paul Moskowitz
13313556
and liquids. On August 22, 2007, Omni-ID was granted UK patent number GB2429878 for an “electromagnetic radiation decoupler. With a working RFID tag that overcame those difficulties, it was decided to commercialize the design by forming a new company, Omni-ID, Ltd., which was launched in March 2007. Initial funding for Omni-ID was provided by Cody Gate Ventures LLP a technology venture fund created in 2007 by QinetiQ and Coller Capital. An additional $15 million in Series C funding was provided to Omni-ID by Cody Gate Ventures in February 2009. The core principle of the new passive RFID tag design marketed
Omni-ID
887285
a shot. The chip is encased in glass, and stores a "VeriChip Subscriber Number" which the scanner uses to access their personal information, via the Internet, from Verichip Inc.'s database, the "Global VeriChip Subscriber Registry". Thousands of people have already had them inserted. In Mexico, for example, 160 workers at the Attorney General's office were required to have the chip injected for identity verification and access control purposes. In a 2003 editorial, CNET News.com's chief political correspondent, Declan McCullagh, speculated that, soon, every object that is purchased, and perhaps ID cards, will have RFID devices in them, which would respond
Surveillance
6278485
bovine animal having a passport document and tag in each ear carrying the same number (see British Cattle Movement Service). Sheep and goats in the EU have a tag in one or both ears carrying the official number of their flock and also for breeding stock an individual number for each animal; one of these tags (usually the left) must have a RFID chip (or the chip may instead be carried in a rumen bolus or on an anklet). An ear tag can be applied with an ear tag applicator, however there are also specially-designed tags that can be applied
Ear tag
11922658
3 years. Extended Access Control Extended Access Control (EAC) is a set of advanced security features for electronic passports that protects and restricts access to sensitive personal data contained in the RFID chip. In contrast to common personal data (like the bearer’s photograph, names, date of birth, etc.) which can be protected by basic mechanisms, more sensitive data (like fingerprints or iris images) must be protected further for preventing unauthorized access and skimming. A chip protected by EAC will allow that this sensitive data is read (through an encrypted channel) only by an authorized passport inspection system. EAC was introduced
Extended Access Control
11922654
Extended Access Control Extended Access Control (EAC) is a set of advanced security features for electronic passports that protects and restricts access to sensitive personal data contained in the RFID chip. In contrast to common personal data (like the bearer’s photograph, names, date of birth, etc.) which can be protected by basic mechanisms, more sensitive data (like fingerprints or iris images) must be protected further for preventing unauthorized access and skimming. A chip protected by EAC will allow that this sensitive data is read (through an encrypted channel) only by an authorized passport inspection system. EAC was introduced by ICAO
Extended Access Control
15927374
travel documents, the German Eagle, the European bull, and the words "AUFENTHALTSTITEL" and "RESIDENCE PERMIT". It contains the following information: The back side contains the following information: The three-line machine-readable zone on the back side contains the following information: Empty spaces are represented by "<". The residence permit contains a RFID chip. The chip stores the information given on the document (like name or date of birth), the holder's picture and, if the holder is at least six years old, also his or her fingerprints. The additional provisions are also stored on the chip. In addition, the new ID card
German residence permit
6412934
an image of the photograph of the passport holder, passport data, and personal data of the passport holder; and has capacity to store additional data. The capacity of the Radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip is 64 kilobytes, which is large enough to store additional biometric identifiers in the future, such as fingerprints and iris scans. Data within the chip is signed with an RSA-2048 certificate issued to the U.S. Department of State by the ICAO Public Key Directory. Any and all data must be authentic and untampered, or else the signature will be invalidated. Data in a passport chip is scannable
United States passport
3940659
website began in Spain, the UK, Portugal, Italy, Germany and France. In November that same year, Zara Online extended the service to five more countries: Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Online stores began operating in the United States in 2011, Russia and Canada in 2013, and Mexico, Romania, and South Korea in 2014. India in 4 October 2017. Zara introduced the use of RFID technology in its stores in 2014. The RFID chips are located in the security tags which are removed from clothing when it is purchased and can be reused. The chip allows the company to
Zara (retailer)
8469065
those of a central system. Some centralized systems operate using hardwired connections to central controllers while others use various frequencies of radio waves to communicate with the central controllers. Some have the feature of a mechanical (traditional key) bypass in case of loss of power. RFID cards contain a small chip and induction loop which the transmitter on the keycard reader can access. The main advantages with RFID cards is that they do not need to be removed from the wallet or pass holder - as the keycard reader can usually read them from a few inches away. In the
Keycard lock
4165869
subject to mandatory microchip implant. The population of dogs implanted prior to mandatory adverse event reporting February 2015 was between 60% (February 2013) and 86% (April 2016) . Microchip implant (animal) A microchip implant is an identifying integrated circuit placed under the skin of an animal. The chip, about the size of a large grain of rice, uses passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, and is also known as a PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tag. Externally attached microchips such as RFID ear tags are commonly used to identify farm and ranch animals, with the exception of horses. Some external microchips
Microchip implant (animal)
13972900
what constitutes our body and its boundaries he became credited as being the first human infected by a computer virus. He has no plans to remove his implant. Several hobbyists have placed RFID microchip implants into their hands or had them inserted by others. Amal Graafstra, author of the book RFID Toys, asked doctors to place implants in his hands in March 2005. A cosmetic surgeon used a scalpel to place a microchip in his left hand, and his family doctor injected a chip into his right hand using a veterinary Avid injector kit. Graafstra uses the implants to access
Microchip implant (human)
16762877
that has been making its way into many people's lives including students whose attendance can now be tracked by a RFID chip implanted in their student ID cards. She points out identity theft, stalking, government spying, and security breaches as just some of the negative outcomes of RFID technology. In 2012, Boghosian documented her own data trail to show how everyday transactions and ventures are captured and stored, most times without our knowledge. From the surveillance monitor outside of her apartment building, to a purchase at a local coffee shop, Boghosian illustrates how corporations play a larger role in people's
Heidi Boghosian
8655145
that prevent communication with every network within a car independently. NXP is the co-inventor of near field communication (NFC) technology along with Sony and supplies NFC chip sets that enable mobile phones to be used to pay for goods, and store and exchange data securely. NXP manufactures chips for eGovernment applications such as electronic passports; RFID tags and labels; and transport and access management, with the chip set and contactless card for MIFARE used by many major public transit systems worldwide. In addition, NXP manufactures automotive chips for in-vehicle networking, passive keyless entry and immobilization, and car radios. NXP invented
NXP Semiconductors
8817491
uses a RFID chip stuck to the windshield of the vehicle. This chip is scanned automatically when passing the toll collecting point and the fee is automatically withdrawn from the connected bank account. The OGS method ("Otomatik Geçiş Sistemi") or "Automatic passage system", requires a fixed amount of money to be paid for a monthly or annual subscription. When subscribed, a barcode is affixed to the vehicle, which is scanned by CCTV cameras automatically to check for a valid subscription. The Turkish toll system cannot be avoided (except for avoiding toll roads), because due to the cameras, all vehicles without
Toll roads in Europe
4244759
regular bank card, with identity information printed on the surface (such as personal details and a photograph) and in an embedded RFID microchip, similar to that in biometric passports. The chip stores the information printed on the card (such as the holder's name and date of birth) and the holder's biometric photo. It may also store the holder's fingerprints. The card may be used for online authentication, such as for age verification or for e-government applications. An electronic signature, provided by a private company, may also be stored on the chip. Countries which currently issue government-issued eIDs include Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
Electronic identification
14915764
spelling, e.g. from Müller to Mueller or from Weiß to Weiss is regarded as a name change). Newer ID cards contain an ISO 18000-3 and ISO 14443 compatible 13.56 MHz RFID chip that uses the ISO 7816 protocols. The chip stores the information given on the ID card (like name or date of birth), the holder's picture and, if the holder wishes so, also his/her fingerprints. In addition, the new ID card can be used for online authentication (e.g. for age verification or for e-government applications). An electronic signature, provided by a private company, can also be stored on the
German identity card
14915761
card (like name or date of birth), the holder's picture (which, unlike the picture on older ID cards, has to be a biometric one), and, if the holder wishes so, also his/her fingerprints. In addition, the new ID card can be used for online authentication (such as for age verification or for e-government applications). An electronic signature, provided by a private company, can also be stored on the chip. The current ID card is an ID-1 (credit card size) plastic card with an embedded RFID chip. It is covered with multi-colour guillochés and appears green-brown from a distance. All the
German identity card
12751153
Chip topographies are also protected by TRIPS, an international treaty. Although the U.S. SCPA is codified in title 17 (copyrights), the SCPA is not a copyright or patent law. Rather, it is a "sui generis" law resembling a utility model law or "Gebrauchsmuster". It has some aspects of copyright law, some aspects of patent law, and in some ways, it is completely different from either. From "Brooktree", ¶ 23: The Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984 was an innovative solution to this new problem of technology-based industry. While some copyright principles underlie the law, as do some attributes of patent
Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984
4165857
microchip may be acceptable for this purpose as an alternative to a tattoo. A microchip implant is a passive RFID device. Lacking an internal power source, it remains inert until it is powered by the scanner or other power source. Most implants contain three elements: a 'chip' or integrated circuit; a coil inductor, possibly with a ferrite core; and a capacitor. The chip contains unique identification data and electronic circuits to encode that information. The coil acts as the secondary winding of a transformer, receiving power inductively coupled to it from the scanner. The coil and capacitor together form a
Microchip implant (animal)
15927373
live and work in Germany. A foreigner receives a settlement permit if: Additional provisions (e.g. whether the resident is allowed to work) are stored on the chip and are printed on a supplementary sheet which must be kept together with the residence permit. Since 1 September 2011, the residence permit is issued as ID-1 (credit card size) plastic cards with an embedded RFID chip. It is covered with multi-colour guillochés and appears pink-blue from the distance. All information on it is given only in German (except for the English words "residence permit"). The front side shows the symbol for biometric
German residence permit
10763309
police and applications are filed at police stations which have a passport office. The national identity card can only be obtained by Swedish citizens. It is a valid identity document within the European union, since 1 July 2015 also including member states which are not part of the Schengen Area. The card is valid for five years. The card is equipped with a contact chip prepared for being able to function as an electronic identity card (eID) at a later date, and also a contactless RFID chip containing the card's printed data in a digital format along with the photograph
Identity documents in Sweden
198630
passports. A more recent standard is for biometric passports. These contain biometrics to authenticate the identity of travellers. The passport's critical information is stored on a tiny RFID computer chip, much like information stored on smartcards. Like some smartcards, the passport book design calls for an embedded contactless chip that is able to hold digital signature data to ensure the integrity of the passport and the biometric data. ICAO is active in infrastructure management, including Communication, navigation and surveillance / Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) systems, which employ digital technologies (like satellite systems with various levels of automation) in order to
International Civil Aviation Organization
18090389
implementation, or application for anti-counterfeiting purposes. Several of these further permit the implementation of secure secret key storage without storing the key in digital form. An example application would be an RFID tag, which can easily be cloned. When equipped with a PUF however, creating a clone in a reasonable timeframe can be made extremely difficult. There are also a number of issued patents pertaining to SRAM-based chip identification for various circuit themes. Some SRAM-based security systems in the 2000s refer to "chip identification" rather than the more standard term of "PUF." The research community and industry have now largely
Types of physical unclonable function
1457103
a microwave oven). This simple method cannot safely be used to deactivate RFID features in electronic devices, or those implanted in living tissue, because of the risk of damage to the "host". However the time required is extremely short (a second or two of radiation) and the method works in many other non-electronic and inanimate items, long before heat or fire become of concern. Some RFID tags implement a "kill command" mechanism to permanently and irreversibly disable them. This mechanism can be applied if the chip itself is trusted or the mechanism is known by the person that wants to
Radio-frequency identification
1457073
which is connected to a computer and log their lap time. RFID is being adapted by many recruitment agencies which have a PET (Physical Endurance Test) as their qualifying procedure, especially in cases where the candidate volumes may run into millions (Indian Railway Recruitment Cells, Police and Power sector). A number of ski resorts have adopted RFID tags to provide skiers hands-free access to ski lifts. Skiers do not have to take their passes out of their pockets. Ski jackets have a left pocket into which the chip+card fits. This nearly contacts the sensor unit on the left of the
Radio-frequency identification
11434088
world. The switch to a biometric passport was one of the conditions for the Schengen Area visa liberalization for the citizens of Albania. Since March 2011 biometric passport and identity card can be requested at the Albanian consulates in Greece and Italy to serve immigrants who live there. The data page of the passport is from rigid polycarbonate plastic and contains a microchip embedded in which are stored biometric data of the holder such as fingerprints, photo and signature. The data are extracted from the chip with wireless RFID technology. It has excellent safety standards and anti counterfeiting. The photo
Albanian passport
16830009
silicon) chip, and the bulk material of the chip could be used for resistors. The standard Texas Instruments chip for the production of 25 (5×5) mesa transistors was 10×10 mm in size. Kilby cut it into five-transistor 10×1.6 mm strips, but later used not more than two of them. On September 12, he presented the first IC prototype, which was a single-transistor oscillator with a distributed RC feedback, repeating the idea and the circuit in the 1953 patent by Johnson. On September 19, he made the second prototype, a two-transistor trigger. He described these ICs, referencing the Johnson's patent, in
Invention of the integrated circuit
5830171
optimised for machine reading. The top-left corner of the passport card contains the biometric chip, which contains a copy of the information printed on the card, and a facial scan of the holder. To prevent unauthorised parties remotely accessing the information stored in the RFID biometric chip, the machine readable zone of the identity page must be scanned to unlock it. This safeguard is known as Basic Access Control. The designation of the document "Éire/Ireland/Irlande" "Pas/Passport/Passeport" is printed in colour-changing ink, which varies from light green to gold-red, depending on the angle of the light shining on it. The background
Irish passport
10763318
security features. Passports issued since October 1, 2005 are of a biometric variety and valid for five years. Passports are issued by the Swedish police and applications are filed at police stations which have a passport office. The passports issued since October 1, 2005 contain an RFID chip containing the passport's printed data in a digital format along with the photograph in a JPEG format along with a digital key to verify that the data contained is authentic and hasn't been tampered with. The data in the chip can only be accessed after using the printed codes on the lower
Identity documents in Sweden
10674614
Agreement. Pages 2–3 contain 26 translations. Pass 10 is practically the same as Pass 06 except for the chip with the biometric data. This passport was accepted in a popular referendum on 17 May 2009. Pass 06 was issued from 2006. It contained biometric data in an RFID chip. This was a prototype of the newest Pass 10 but limited to a 5-year validity. On page 2 contains 13 translations. The older version, Pass 03, was still usable until the date of expiry, but because of the Schengen Agreement, had to be replaced with a biometric passport upon expiry. The
Swiss passport
8818572
so by three different systems. Every toll road has lanes for all three payment methods. One method is KGS (Kartlı Geçiş Sistemi) (English: "Card passage system") which requires a Prepaid card to be presented at the toll port. Every passing will be withdrawn from the card. Another method is HGS (Hızlı Geçiş Sistemi) (English: "Fast passage system".) which uses a RFID chip stuck to the windshield of the vehicle. This chip is scanned automatically when passing the toll collecting point and money will be automatically withdrawn from the connected bank account. The last system is OGS which is calles "Otomatik
Geography of toll roads
4667488
the bursting bubbles are weaker. The hack also involved implanting a microphone, chip storage IC and burst transmitter with long-life Li+ battery into doctored cartridges substituted for genuine ones sent by post to the target, typically a bank, then retrieved from the garbage using challenge-response RFID chip. A similar work on reconstructing printouts made by dot-matrix printers was publicized in 2011. This kind of cryptanalysis can be defeated by generating sounds that are in the same spectrum and same form as keypresses. If sounds of actual keypresses are randomly replayed, it may be possible to totally defeat such kinds of
Acoustic cryptanalysis
6223252
in Brazil and is competitively priced. This device is being manufactured at X-Fab Silicon Foundries in Germany.This company has been chosen by CEITEC to produce the Chip do Boi design at its facilities because X-Fab CMOS 0.6 micron technology is the same that will soon be available in CEITEC’s own factory that will be the first of its kind in Latin America to manufacture RF analog/digital products. It can produce up to 100 million chips per year using 6-inch wafers. CEITEC’s Chip do Boi is an advanced LF-RFID device designed for use in Brazil’s cattle industry as part of a
CEITEC
5149951
bracelet with embedded RFID chip was created for an interactive exhibit at In Flanders Fields Museum in Belgium. In 2014, a story about a memorial bracelet found on a beach in Florida went viral with c. 100,000 Facebook "shares" and coverage in traditional media in multiple states. Memorial bracelet A memorial bracelet is a cuff style bracelet worn around the wrist. The term memorial bracelet was coined by Rob Tacy in October, 2001 when he launched the MemorialBracelets.com website. The bracelet is made of either aluminum, stainless steel, or leather and engraved with the name of a person who died
Memorial bracelet
1711355
his Bush Cabinet post, Thompson joined and served for two years on the board of directors of Applied Digital Solutions, makers of the controversial VeriChip: a glass-encapsulated RFID chip that can be injected into human flesh for various database-driven identification purposes. The FDA issued approval to the device while its parent agency, DHHS, was headed by Thompson, who became a board member of ADS within five months. He received shares of stock in ADS, and compensation, leading the non-profit advocacy group Project on Government Oversight to characterize Thompson's actions "unacceptable" and embarrassing, although unfortunately entirely legal. After leaving office, Thompson
Tommy Thompson