what is the northern most range of the himalayas known as
the Tibetan Himalaya
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receives around around half the rainfall of locations such as Shimla and Kathmandu, with the wettest months being March and April. The northern side of the Himalayas, also known as the Tibetan Himalaya, is dry, cold and generally wind swept particularly in the west where it has a cold desert climate. The vegetation is sparse and stunted and the winters are severely cold. Most of the precipitation in the region is in the form of snow during late winter and spring months. Local impacts on climate are significant throughout the Himalayas. Temperatures fall by for every rise in altitude. This
Himalayas
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receives around around half the rainfall of locations such as Shimla and Kathmandu, with the wettest months being March and April. The northern side of the Himalayas, also known as the Tibetan Himalaya, is dry, cold and generally wind swept particularly in the west where it has a cold desert climate. The vegetation is sparse and stunted and the winters are severely cold. Most of the precipitation in the region is in the form of snow during late winter and spring months. Local impacts on climate are significant throughout the Himalayas. Temperatures fall by for every rise in altitude. This
Himalayas
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to be a dialect continuum. All of these dialects are commonly referred to as the 'Pahari' languages, and most people from the Himalayan range as known as Paharis. Himachali Pahari Language Northern Indo-Aryan languages The Northern Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Pahāṛi languages, are a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas, from Nepal in the east, through the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. The name "Pahari" (not to be confused with the various other languages with that name) is Grierson's term. The Pahari languages fall into three groups. In Eastern and Central
Northern Indo-Aryan languages
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range includes the foothills of the Himalayas, the Eastern Ghats (India), Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, China, Hainan, Taiwan and northern Indochina. In the Himalayas, it is found up to above sea level, and in southeastern China, it is found between and . This treepie is mostly an arboreal feeder but will take some food from the ground, especially in cultivated regions. It eats a wide range of insects and other invertebrates, berries, nectar, grain and other seeds, and also small reptiles, eggs and nestlings. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks. In the foothills of the Himalayas in India, they are known
Grey treepie
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into other regions of the world. However, Indian Himalaya remained a gap which is being filled through HIMADRI network. HIMADRI The Himalayas are divided into three ranges . In those The Greater Himalayas , the first range is also known as "Himadri". And the Lesser Himalayas are known as "Himachal". The idea to monitor alpine plant communities was first discussed in 1996 during a workshop in Kathmandu. Scientists began running experiments in alpine habitats to determine what a good sample method might be. In 2001, GLORIA-Europe was launched. This initial project, with 18 sites in 13 different European nations, was
HIMADRI
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HIMADRI The Himalayas are divided into three ranges . In those The Greater Himalayas , the first range is also known as "Himadri". And the Lesser Himalayas are known as "Himachal". The idea to monitor alpine plant communities was first discussed in 1996 during a workshop in Kathmandu. Scientists began running experiments in alpine habitats to determine what a good sample method might be. In 2001, GLORIA-Europe was launched. This initial project, with 18 sites in 13 different European nations, was a way to test out the idea before going worldwide. Since the spring of 2004, GLORIA has been expanding
HIMADRI
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western Himalayas, Nepal, the eastern Himalayas and the ) and in northern Indochina (Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam). Ponerorchis Ponerorchis is a genus of Asian terrestrial tuberous orchids (family Orchidaceae). It is native to temperate Eurasia, from Poland to Japan, to the north of the Indian subcontinent and to northern Indochina. They can be found in evergreen forests and meadows in temperate, mountainous regions. The species "Ponerorchis chidorii", endemic to Japan, is also known to grow epiphytically. In the horticultural trade, this genus is abbreviated as "Pnr". A wide range of mostly cultivars of "Ponerorchis graminifolia" are in cultivation, but are
Ponerorchis
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Eastern Himalayas the species is generally found below above sea level, though occasionally found till , and exceptionally at in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. In Sumatra and Borneo it is generally seen up to an elevation of . The subspecies "borneensis" is found at , but occasionally as low as . It is common through most of its range but uncommon in the Himalayas. In the Chinese portion of its range, it is reported to be the most common forktail. Though the population of the species is not precisely known, it is thought to be greater than 10,000 individuals,
White-crowned forktail
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scops owl. Collared scops owl The collared scops owl ("Otus lettia") is an owl which is a resident breeder in south Asia from northern Pakistan, northern India, Bangladesh and the Himalayas east to south China. It is partially migratory, with some birds wintering in India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. This species was formerly considered to be included within what is now separated as the Indian scops owl ("Otus bakkamoena"). This species is a part of the larger grouping of owls known as typical owls, Strigidae, which contains most species of owl. The other grouping is the barn owls, Tytonidae. The
Collared scops owl
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Collared scops owl The collared scops owl ("Otus lettia") is an owl which is a resident breeder in south Asia from northern Pakistan, northern India, Bangladesh and the Himalayas east to south China. It is partially migratory, with some birds wintering in India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. This species was formerly considered to be included within what is now separated as the Indian scops owl ("Otus bakkamoena"). This species is a part of the larger grouping of owls known as typical owls, Strigidae, which contains most species of owl. The other grouping is the barn owls, Tytonidae. The collared scops
Collared scops owl
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Land of Australia, the Somali pigeon is restricted to a tiny area of northern Somalia, and Moreno's ground dove is restricted to the area around Salta and Tucuman in northern Argentina. The largest range of any species is that of the rock dove. This species had a large natural distribution from Britain and Ireland to northern Africa, across Europe, Arabia, Central Asia, India, the Himalayas and up into China and Mongolia. The range of the species increased dramatically upon domestication, as the species went feral in cities around the world. The species is currently resident across most of North America,
Columbidae
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the Himalayas, the Outer Himalayas (a.k.a. the Shivalik Hills) and the Lesser Himalayas, know locally as the Mussoorie Range. It is bounded on all sides by mountains, with northern range running from Kalsi in the west to Muni Ki Reti in the east with Mussoorie at the centre in a semi-circular arc; and southern range running at south from Paonta Sahib in the west to Haridwar in the east. The valley also forms a watershed between the Yamuna and Ganges river systems. In fact the Yamuna and Ganges are closest to each other as they pass the Doon valley, with
Doon Valley
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and narrow Zanskar Gorge. The range extends southeastward for some 400 miles (640 km) from the Karcha (Suru) River to the upper Karnali River. Kamet Peak (25,446 feet [7,756 metres]) is the highest point, and the most important passes are Shipki, Lipu Lekh (Lipulieke), and Mana. https://www.pmfias.com/himalayas-himalayan-ranges-shiwaliks-outer-himalayas-lesser-himalayas-greater-himalayas-trans-himalayas-purvanchal/ Zaskar Range The Zaskar Range or Zanskar Range is a mountain range in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir that separates Zanskar from Ladakh. Geologically, the Zanskar Range is part of the Tethys Himalaya, an approximately 100-km-wide synclinorium formed by strongly folded and imbricated, weakly metamorphosed sedimentary series. The average height of
Zaskar Range
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Examples include Dehra Dun in India and Chitwan in Nepal. Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests grow here. Also called the Mahabharat Range, the Lesser Himalayas is a prominent range high formed along the Main Boundary Thrust fault zone, with a steep southern face and gentler northern slopes. The range is nearly continuous except for river gorges, where groups of rivers from the north gather like candelabra in a handful of places to break through the range. At these elevations and above, the biogeography of the Himalayas is generally divided by the Kali Gandaki Gorge in central Nepal, one of the deepest
Ecology of the Himalayas
50519
in the Himalayas). In most of their range, brown bears generally seems to prefer semiopen country, with a scattering of vegetation that can allow them a resting spot during the day. However, they have been recorded as inhabiting every variety of northern temperate forest known to occur. North American brown bears, or grizzly bears, generally seem to prefer open or semi-open landscapes, with the species once having been common on the Great Plains and continues to occur in sizeable numbers in tundra and coastal estuaries and islands. Variable numbers still occur in prairie areas of the northern Rocky Mountains (mostly
Brown bear
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Rishikesh Rishikesh, also known as Hrishikesh is a city, municipal corporation and a tehsil in Dehradun district of the Indian state, Uttarakhand. Located in the foothills of the Himalayas in northern India, it is known as the 'Gateway to the Garhwal Himalayas' and 'Yoga Capital of the World'. It lies approximately north of the city Haridwar and southeast of the state capital Dehradun. According to Census of India, 2011 Rishikesh had a population of 102,138 making it the seventh most populated city in the state of Uttarakhand. It is known as the pilgrimage town and regarded as one of the
Rishikesh
191110
Himalayas remain snowbound throughout the year. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the frigid katabatic winds flowing down from Central Asia. Thus, North India is kept warm or only mildly cooled during winter; in summer, the same phenomenon makes India relatively hot. Kutch Kathiawar plateau is located in Gujarat state. The Indo-Gangetic plains, also known as the "Great Plains" are large alluvial plains dominated by three main rivers, the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. They run parallel to the Himalayas, from Jammu and Kashmir in the west to Assam in the east, and drain most of northern and eastern India.
Geography of India
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anagram of the Ancient Greek term "χελιδών" ("chelīdōn"), meaning "swallow", and "nipalense" refers to Nepal, where the type specimen was obtained. The nominate subspecies "D. n. nipalense" breeds in the Himalayas from Garhwal east through Nepal, north-eastern India and Bangladesh as far as western Myanmar. The race "D. n. cuttingi" is found in northern Myanmar, along Myanmar's border with Chinese Yunnan and in northern Tonkin, Vietnam. The Nepal house martin is largely resident, but may move to lower altitudes when not breeding, and has been occasionally recorded in northern Thailand in winter. The range in Thailand is poorly known. The
Nepal house martin
618177
Valley and Lidder Valley. The main Kashmir Valley is wide and in area. The Himalayas divide the Kashmir valley from Ladakh while the Pir Panjal range, which encloses the valley from the west and the south, separates it from the Great Plains of northern India. Along the northeastern flank of the Valley runs the main range of the Himalayas. This densely settled and beautiful valley has an average height of above sea-level but the surrounding Pir Panjal range has an average elevation of . Because of Jammu and Kashmir's wide range of elevations, its biogeography is diverse. Northwestern thorn scrub
Jammu and Kashmir
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approaches to Everest. The Arun river drains the northern slopes of these mountains, before turning south and flowing through the range to the east of Makalu. In the far east of Nepal, the Himalayas rise to the Kanchenjunga massif on the border with India, the third highest mountain in the world, the most easterly 8000 m summit and the highest point of India. The eastern side of Kanchenjunga is in the Indian state of Sikkim. Formerly an independent Kingdom, it lies on the main route from India to Lhasa, Tibet, which passes over the Nathu La pass into Tibet. East
Himalayas
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Kashmir Valley The Kashmir Valley, also known as the Vale of Kashmir, is a valley in the portion of the Kashmir region administered by India. The valley is bounded on the southwest by the Pir Panjal Range and on the northeast by the main Himalayas range. It is approximately 135 km long and 32 km wide, and drained by the Jhelum River. Kashmir division is one of the three administrative divisions of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Kashmir division borders Jammu Division to the south and Ladakh to the east while Line of Control forms its northern
Kashmir Valley
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Sikkim. Some of the lakes present a danger of a glacial lake outburst flood. The Tsho Rolpa glacier lake in the Rowaling Valley, in the Dolakha District of Nepal, is rated as the most dangerous. The lake, which is located at an altitude of has grown considerably over the last 50 years due to glacial melting. The mountain lakes are known to geographers as "tarns" if they are caused by glacial activity. Tarns are found mostly in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, above . The vast size, huge altitude range and complex topography of the Himalayas mean they experience
Himalayas
833752
Red-flanked bluetail The red-flanked bluetail ("Tarsiger cyanurus"), also known as the orange-flanked bush-robin, is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It, and related species, are often called chats. It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in mixed coniferous forest with undergrowth in northern Asia and northeastern Europe, from Finland east across Siberia to Kamchatka and south to Japan. It winters mainly in southeastern Asia, in the Indian Subcontinent, the Himalayas, Taiwan, and northern Indochina. The breeding range
Red-flanked bluetail
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current valley glaciers of the Himalaya reach at most in length, several of the main valley glaciers were long during the ice age. The glacier snowline (the altitude where accumulation and ablation of a glacier are balanced) was about lower than it is today. Thus, the climate was at least colder than it is today. Despite their scale, the Himalayas do not form a major watershed, and a number of rivers cut through the range, particularly in the eastern part of the range. As a result, the main ridge of the Himalayas is not clearly defined, and mountain passes are
Himalayas
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mountain range to and from the north by the Karakoram. This consists of three mountain ranges, namely: Karakoram, Himalayas and Hindu Kush. The clash between these ranges of the three major geology makes for an interesting and very complex in northern Pakistan. Three main domains; A) Karakoram B) Himalayas I. And Siwaliks Second. Below the Himalayas or the external Third. Central Himalayas C) Hindu Kush Land between two rivers is called DOAB in the local language.The name Indus comes from the Sanskrit word "sindhu", meaning "ocean", from which also come the words Sindh, Hindu, and India. The Indus River, one
Topography of Pakistan
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Geography of Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir is home to several valleys such as the Kashmir Valley, Tawi Valley, Chenab Valley, Punch Valley, Sind Valley and Lidder Valley. The main Kashmir valley is about wide and in area. The Himalayas divide the Kashmir valley from Ladakh while the Pir Panjal range, which encloses the valley from the west and the south, separates it from the Great Plains of northern India. Along the northeastern flank of the Valley runs the main range of the Himalayas. This densely settled and beautiful valley has an average height of above sea-level but the
Geography of Jammu and Kashmir
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of Kishtwar range in the Greater Himalayas. Formerly this valley was under the rule of Himachali kings. Legend has it that this valley was given to the king of Jammu as a dowry. A mixture of Hindu and Buddhist people live here. Kishtwar Himalaya The Kishtwar Himalaya is a small sub-mountain range of the Himalayas System, located in the states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in northwestern India. It is a dramatic range of steep rock and ice peaks with great local relief. However it is not as well known as other parts of the Himalaya since its
Kishtwar Himalaya
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Western Himalaya Western Himalaya, refers to the western half of the Himalayan Mountain region, stretching from Badakhshan in northeastern Afghanistan/southern Tajikistan, through India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand) to central Nepal. It is also known as Punjab Himalaya. All five tributary rivers of the Indus in the Punjab region (Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) originate from the Western Himalaya. Included within the Western Himalayas are the Zaskar Range, the Pir Panjal Range, and parts of the Siwalik Range and the Great Himalayas. The Jhelum River rises in the Pir Panjal Range in Jammu and Kashmir state, India, and flows
Western Himalaya
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Hariakhan Baba Hariakhan Baba, is also known as Babaji Maharaji, Mahamunindra, Sri Sadguru, Sri Sadashiva, Mahavatar, Trayambak Baba, Hariakhan Maharaji, Mahaprabhu Ramlal etc. As per oral tradition of Kumaon division of lower Himalayas, Babaji Mahraji is said to come from Nepal, where he has a permanent place in the caves of unknown location. In Kurmachala area (the lower mountains of Himalayas) which includes the districts of Almora, Nainital and Garhwal, he is well known by the name of Hariakhan Baba. He was a teacher of yoga tradition who taught throughout northern India near the Himalayas between 1861 and 1924. His
Hariakhan Baba
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Celastrina huegeli Celastrina huegeli ,the large hedge blue, is a small butterfly found in India that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The alternate scientific name is "Celastrina huegelii". The butterfly was earlier known as "Lycaenopsis huegelii" Moore. The spelling of the species taxon name is usually found in literature as "huegelii", except for the NHM's LepIndex site where it is recorded as "huegeli". The species is considered to consist of the following subspecies: It is found in Kashmir to Kumaon in India. Markku Savela's site gives range of the butterfly as Himalayas to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and northern
Celastrina huegeli
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of India, most of its area lying in the state of Jammu and Kashmir as its capital Srinagar, too. Some of the highest mountains on earth are found in the region. Many rivers considered holy like the Ganga and Yamuna flow from the Himalayas. Trans himalaya is created due to the collision with the eurasian plate.This Zone is the Northern most area in the country in the states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. It is an extension of Tibetan plateau around the Himalayas. The Main Himalayan Ranges are as follows: To the south of the main Himalayas lies
Indian Himalayan Region
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not as significant for traversing the range as with other mountain ranges. The rivers of the Himalayas drain into two large river systems: The northern slopes of Gyala Peri and the peaks beyond the Tsangpo, sometimes included in the Himalayas, drain into the Irrawaddy River, which originates in eastern Tibet and flows south through Myanmar to drain into the Andaman Sea. The Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Yellow River all originate from parts of the Tibetan Plateau that are geologically distinct from the Himalaya mountains and are therefore not considered true Himalayan rivers. Some geologists refer to all the rivers collectively
Himalayas
8687408
Oriental magpie The Oriental magpie or Korean magpie ("Pica sericea"), known as "kkachi" (까치) in Korean, is a species of magpie found in China and northern Indochina. It is a common symbol of the Korean identity, and has been adopted as the "official bird" of numerous South Korean cities, counties and provinces. Its distribution is not limited to the Korean Peninsula and if considered a valid species its range may extend almost to the Himalayas. Consequently, other vernacular names may be used for this bird, e.g. Asian magpie. Compared to the European magpie, it differs not in size but is
Oriental magpie
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be a problem. It is treated as an invasive weed in New Zealand, because of its ability to displace other species. Hedychium flavescens Hedychium flavescens is a perennial flowering plant from the Zingiberaceae (the ginger family). It is native to the Himalayas, Sichuan, and northern Vietnam, and naturalized in various other lands (South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, India, Sri Lanka, French Polynesia, Hawaii, etc.). Commonly known as cream garland-lily or yellow ginger, it grows up to 2.5 meters high. It is extremely shade tolerant, and thrives in a wide range of soils. Since it has the ability to regrow from even
Hedychium flavescens
10628985
tipped with black. The adult female has coppery-green upper parts, rusty brown crown and nape and green-barred underparts. Both sexes show a white band on the underwing when in flight. The underparts of the juvenile male lack the white lower breast and are more heavily barred. The voice is a “chweek” uttered while flying, and various whistled twitters. This cuckoo has a breeding range that extends from the Himalayas eastwards to Myanmar, China and northern Thailand. Further south it is a vagrant or migrant in northern India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Sumatra; it is not known to breed in these
Asian emerald cuckoo
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with white, the outermost edged with the same; tail long and graduated, the feathers blue, broadly tipped with white, all except the very long central pair having a band of black in front of the white The yellow-billed blue magpie is found throughout the Himalayas from Hazara to the Brahmaputra. It is divided into two races. Of these, U. f. cucullata is the better known and is found from the Western boundary of the range to Western Nepal, being a common species about most of the hill stations of the Western Himalayas, breeding in a zone from . The typical
Yellow-billed blue magpie
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and the family ranges into southern China, India and the Himalayas. Some species have a widespread distribution, particularly the willie wagtail, grey fantail, white-throated fantail and northern fantail; others have a highly restricted range and in the case of some insular species may be restricted to a single island. The Mussau fantail is restricted to a single island in the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Kadavu fantail has a similarly restricted distribution in the Kadavu Group of Fiji. Most fantails, particularly the tropical or insular forms, are sedentary and undertake no migration. Some northern and southern species undertake a variety of
Fantail
10066584
Abi Gamin Abi Gamin (also known as Ibi Gamin) is a Himalayan mountain peak mostly situated in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state in India, 2 km (1.2 mi) northeast of Kamet. Its summit is on the border with Tibet and its northern slope is in the Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. Abi Gamin is located in the central Himalayas and at the culminating point of the Zaskar Range. It is situated on the watershed of the upper Alaknanda and Dhauli rivers between the famous Manna and Niti passes on the Indo-Tibetan border. Abi Gamin is the second highest peak in
Abi Gamin
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cm in length but are more commonly 8–20 cm. They bear long, narrow sori which contain the spores. It is widespread in temperate and subarctic areas and also occurs in mountainous regions in the tropics. Its range includes most of Europe and much of Asia south to Turkey, Iran and the Himalayas with a population in Yemen. It occurs in northern, southern and parts of eastern Africa and also in eastern Indonesia, south-east Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and Hawaii. It is found in North America and Central America and Cuba, and the northern and western regions of South America such
Asplenium trichomanes
1768791
with a total area of , is India’s fourth-largest state in terms of land area and is roughly of same size as United Kingdom. It is situated on the northern spout of India and shares an international boundary with Nepal. The Himalayas border the state on the north, but the plains that cover most of the state are distinctly different from those high mountains. The larger Gangetic Plain region is in the north; it includes the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, the Ghaghra plains, the Ganges plains and the Terai. The smaller Vindhya Range and plateau region is in the south. It is
Uttar Pradesh
7643972
Kachura Lake The Kachura Lakes () are two lakes in the Skardu District of Gilgit-Baltistan, northern Pakistan. The lakes, at in elevation, are Upper Kachura Lake and Lower Kachura Lake. The latter is also known as Shangrila Lake and is within a tourist resort named Shangrila Resort outside the town of Skardu. The lakes are in the Karakoram mountain range of the western Himalayas, the greater Kashmir region, and in the Indus River basin. Upper Kachura Lake is of clear water and has a depth of . In summer it has a temperature of . In winter the surface is
Kachura Lake
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the hundreds of millions of people who rely on the glaciers to feed the rivers during the dry seasons. The Himalayan region is dotted with hundreds of lakes. Most of the larger lakes are on the northern side of the main range. The most famous is the sacred freshwater Lake Manasarovar, near to Mount Kailas with an area of and an altitude of . It drains into the nearby Lake Rakshastal with an area of and slightly lower at . Pangong Tso, which is spread across the border between India and China, at far western end of Tibet, and Yamdrok
Himalayas
5989278
Hedychium flavescens Hedychium flavescens is a perennial flowering plant from the Zingiberaceae (the ginger family). It is native to the Himalayas, Sichuan, and northern Vietnam, and naturalized in various other lands (South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, India, Sri Lanka, French Polynesia, Hawaii, etc.). Commonly known as cream garland-lily or yellow ginger, it grows up to 2.5 meters high. It is extremely shade tolerant, and thrives in a wide range of soils. Since it has the ability to regrow from even a small fragment of the rhizome, which survive crushing, immersion in sea water, and even years outside of soil, elimination can
Hedychium flavescens
492681
on the Indian plain and limiting rainfall on the Tibetan plateau. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of the Indian subcontinent; many Himalayan peaks are sacred in Hinduism and Buddhism. The name of the range derives from the Sanskrit "Himā-laya" (, "Abode of Snow"), from "himá" (, "snow") and "ā-laya" (, "receptacle, dwelling"). They are now known as the "", usually shortened to the "Himalayas". Formerly, they were described in the singular as the ""Himalaya"". This was also previously transcribed "Himmaleh", as in Emily Dickinson's poetry and Henry David Thoreau's essays. The mountains are known as the "Himālaya" in
Himalayas
4225364
resin depends on the pinene content. Imported resin contains 75–95% pinenes, whereas chir pine resin contains only about 25% pinenes. Pinus roxburghii Pinus roxburghii, commonly known as chir pine or longleaf Indian pine, is a species of pine. It is native to the Himalayas, and was named after William Roxburgh. The native range extends from Tibet and Afghanistan through Pakistan, across northern India in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal and Bhutan, to Myanmar. It generally occurs at lower altitudes than other pines in the Himalaya, from , occasionally up to . The other Himalayan pines
Pinus roxburghii
4225355
Pinus roxburghii Pinus roxburghii, commonly known as chir pine or longleaf Indian pine, is a species of pine. It is native to the Himalayas, and was named after William Roxburgh. The native range extends from Tibet and Afghanistan through Pakistan, across northern India in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal and Bhutan, to Myanmar. It generally occurs at lower altitudes than other pines in the Himalaya, from , occasionally up to . The other Himalayan pines are "Pinus wallichiana" (blue pine), "Pinus bhutanica" (Bhutan white pine), "Pinus armandii" (Chinese white pine), "Pinus gerardiana" (chilgoza pine) and
Pinus roxburghii
3419640
A southern chain of Vindhyas runs between the upper reaches of the Son and Narmada rivers to meet the Satpura Range in the Maikal Hills near Amarkantak. A northern chain of the Vindhyas continues eastwards as Bhander Plateau and Kaimur Range, which runs north of the Son River. This extended range runs through what was once Vindhya Pradesh, reaching up to the Kaimur district of Bihar. The branch of the Vindhya range spanning across Bundelkhand is known as the Panna range. Another northern extension (known as the Vindhyachal hills) runs up to Uttar Pradesh, stopping before the shores of Ganga
Vindhya Range
314155
over 4,500 meters, and more than fifty peaks reach above 6,500 meters. Travel through the area is difficult and dangerous, although the government is attempting to develop certain areas into tourist and trekking sites. Because of their rugged topography and the rigours of the climate, the northern highlands and the Himalayas to the east have been formidable barriers to movement into Pakistan throughout history. South of the northern highlands and west of the Indus River plain are the Safed Koh Range along the Afghanistan border and the Sulaiman Range and Kirthar Range, which define the western extent of the province
Geography of Pakistan
4448311
Sivalik Hills The Sivalik Hills, also known as "Churia Hills", are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches from the Indus River about eastwards close to the Brahmaputra. It is wide with an average altitude of . Between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam is a gap of about . In some Sanskrit texts, the region is called "Manak Parbat". Sivalik literally means 'tresses of Shiva’. Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to the Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas
Sivalik Hills
1957950
molecular analyses, morphological differences, and biogeographic separation: Two mainland leopard cat subspecies are currently recognised: Previously, the following were also considered as subspecies: The leopard cat is the most widely distributed Asian small wild cat. Its range extends from the Amur region in the Russian Far East over the Korean Peninsula, China, Indochina, the Indian Subcontinent to northern Pakistan. It lives in tropical evergreen rainforests and plantations at sea level, in subtropical deciduous and coniferous forests in the foothills of the Himalayas at altitudes above . It is able to tolerate human-modified landscapes with vegetation cover to some degree, and
Leopard cat
10066590
and Mana. All three peaks are linked by a ridge. Joshimath (Chamoli)--Markari-Nitti-Sapukaharak-Nand-Kharak-BC-CI-CII-CIII and CIV then summit. List of Himalayan peaks of Uttarakhand Abi Gamin Abi Gamin (also known as Ibi Gamin) is a Himalayan mountain peak mostly situated in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand state in India, 2 km (1.2 mi) northeast of Kamet. Its summit is on the border with Tibet and its northern slope is in the Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. Abi Gamin is located in the central Himalayas and at the culminating point of the Zaskar Range. It is situated on the watershed of the upper Alaknanda
Abi Gamin
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Rufous-gorgeted flycatcher The rufous-gorgeted flycatcher ("Ficedula strophiata") is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, ranging across Bangladesh, Bhutan, Hong Kong, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The rufous-gorgeted flycatcher is also common in the northern Kachin State of Myanmar, in temperate forest areas near boreal mountains. They spend winters in places like Thailand, North Laos, and Vietnam, and the Himalayas are a major breeding range. As the name denotes, they are known for their reddish brown color
Rufous-gorgeted flycatcher
231446
Trans-Karakoram Tract). India controls the majority of the Siachen Glacier area, including the Saltoro Ridge passes, whilst Pakistan controls the lower territory just southwest of the Saltoro Ridge. India controls of the disputed territory, Pakistan controls , and the People's Republic of China controls the remaining . Jammu and Azad Kashmir lie outside Pir Panjal range, and are under Indian and Pakistani control respectively. These are populous regions. Gilgit–Baltistan, formerly known as the "Northern Areas", is a group of territories in the extreme north, bordered by the Karakoram, the western Himalayas, the Pamir, and the Hindu Kush ranges. With its
Kashmir
4448313
bounded on the south by a fault system called the Main Frontal Thrust, with steeper slopes on that side. Below this, the coarse alluvial Bhabar zone makes the transition to the nearly level plains. Rainfall, especially during the summer monsoon, percolates into the Bhabar, then is forced to the surface by finer alluvial layers below it in a zone of springs and marshes along the northern edge of the Terai or plains. North of the Sivalik Hills the 1,500–3,000 meter Lesser Himalayas also known as the Mahabharat Range rise steeply along fault lines. In many places the two ranges are
Sivalik Hills
12773948
Located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres, Eurasia is considered a supercontinent, part of the supercontinent of Afro-Eurasia or simply a continent in its own right. In plate tectonics, the Eurasian Plate includes Europe and most of Asia but not the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian Peninsula or the area of the Russian Far East east of the Chersky Range. Nineteenth-century Russian philosopher Nikolai Danilevsky defined Eurasia as an entity separate from Europe and Asia, bounded by the Himalayas, the Caucasus, the Alps, the Arctic, the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, a definition
Eurasia
9589089
chemical precursors to the anticancer drug paclitaxel. "Taxus wallichiana" is used for making tea by the Bhotiya tribal community in the Garhwal Himalaya. The stem bark of this species, which is locally known as "thuner", is collected for this purpose. This species is also used as fuelwood by the local communities. In Himachal it is known to be medicine for some types of cancer. The Himalayan yew has been subject to heavy exploitation for its leaves and bark across most of its range through the Himalayas and western China. Declines have been particularly heavy in India and Nepal, with losses
Taxus wallichiana
492688
centre of the Tibetan community in exile in India. This area marks the start of the Punjab Himalaya and the Sutlej river, the most easterly of the five tributaries of the Indus, cuts through the range here. Further west, the Himalayas form most of the southern portion of the Indian State of Jammu & Kashmir. The twin peaks of Nun Kun are the only mountains over 7000 m in this part of the Himalayas. Beyond lies the renown Kashmir Valley and the town and lakes of Srinagar. Finally, the Himalayas cross the Line of Control into Pakistan and reach their
Himalayas
4595579
begin from near Ladakh and run all the way to Mount Everest and Kangchenjunga in Sikkim, pass through Himachal Pradesh. The Pir Panjal Range starting from near Patni Top in Jammu and Kashmir all the way to Garhwal passes through Himachal Pradesh. Finally, there is the Dhauladhar range, also known as the Outer Himalayas or Lesser Himalayas. They begin from near Dalhousie at the northwest end of Himachal Pradesh and pass through the state to the vicinity of the bank of the Beas River in the Kulu district of Himachal Pradesh. While they end near Badrinath in Garhwal, they lie
Dhauladhar
9068019
in grasslands and agricultural land close to forests. It is largely arboreal. Breeding is explosive and takes place in ponds and terraced paddy fields. It is common in parts of its range, notably China. It can be threatened by habitat degradation, including water pollution. It is collected for in India. The range of this species includes many protected areas. Hyla annectans Hyla annectans is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in Asia south of the Himalayas in northeast India (Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, and Meghalaya), northern Myanmar, and northern montane Vietnam and southwestern and central
Hyla annectans
231447
administrative centre in the town of Gilgit, the Northern Areas cover an area of and have an estimated population approaching 1 million (10 lakhs). Ladakh is a region in the east, between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south. Main cities are Leh and Kargil. It is under Indian administration and is part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is one of the most sparsely populated regions in the area and is mainly inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent. Aksai Chin is a vast high-altitude desert of salt
Kashmir
3232851
Rock bunting The rock bunting ("Emberiza cia") is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches, Fringillidae. The genus name "Emberiza" is from Old German "Embritz", a bunting. The specific "cia" is from a local Italian name for this bird, from "zirlare", "to chirp". It breeds in northwest Africa, southern Europe east to central Asia, and the Himalayas. It is partially migratory, with northern populations wintering further south, mainly within the breeding range of the resident southern populations. It is a rare wanderer to western Europe. The rock bunting
Rock bunting
3411805
to September), and a post-monsoon period (October to November). India's geography and geology are climatically pivotal: the Thar Desert in the northwest and the Himalayas in the north work in tandem to effect a culturally and economically important monsoonal regime. As Earth's highest and most massive mountain range, the Himalayas bar the influx of frigid katabatic winds from the icy Tibetan Plateau and northerly Central Asia. Most of North India is thus kept warm or is only mildly chilly or cold during winter; the same thermal dam keeps most regions in India hot in summer. Though the Tropic of Cancer—the
Climate of India
7910582
Zanskar valleys form a great trough at the foot of the northern, heavily glaciated flank of the Himalayas, while opposite rise the mountains of the Zanskar range. The Suru River forms the western and northern boundary of the Zanskar range. The Suru, after receiving the combined waters of the Dras and Shingo Rivers a short distance north of Kargil, joins the Indus at Marol in Baltistan, which is now on the Pakistan side of the Line of Control. Rangdum Monastery and the attendant village of Julidok is the last inhabited region in the Suru valley; it is also the destination
Geography of Ladakh
18682760
inferred as wheat, barley and lentil; finding lentils established a link of the Neolithic people with Central Asia, crossing over the Himalayas. The people who resided here were characterized as "long headed dolichocranic". Two female skulls, different from the male skulls, were also reported. The finds did not indicate of any external ethnic intrusions during the entire Neolithic period but showed more affinity to the Harappan people. Burzahom represents the southernmost extent of what is known as "Northern Neolithic" culture of Asia. Some Megalithic Period Menhirs are next to Neolithic pits, suggesting a gradual transition between the two phases. The
Burzahom archaeological site
6324887
Guides are available at Maharaja Sansar Chand Museum adjoining the Kangra Fort. It is the home of Masroor Rock Cut Temple built by Pandavas, also known as Himalayan Pyramids and Wonder of the world for being likely contender for the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kangra valley is one of the most picturesque, green and luxuriant valleys of lower Himalayas and is sheltered by the sublime Dhauladhar range, making it one of the most famous districts of Himachal Pradesh. Kangra is mainly famous for its natural beauty and tea gardens and receives many visitors. Many ancient temples like the Jawalaji, Chamunda
Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
11036611
Saussurea obvallata Saussurea obvallata is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae. It is native to the Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, India, northern Burma and southwest China. In the Himalayas, it is found at an altitude of around 4500 m. It is the state flower of Uttarakhand. "Saussurea obvallata" is a perennial growing to 0.3 m (1 ft). The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by insects. Flowers bloom in mid-monsoon (July–August) amongst the rocks and grasses of the hillside at an altitudinal range of 3000–4800 m. Flower heads are purple, hidden
Saussurea obvallata
1554025
– The Northern Himalayas (Eastern Hills), The Northern Plains (Brahmaputra plain) and Deccan Plateau (Karbi Anglong). As the Brahmaputra flows in Assam the climate here is cold and there is rainfall most of the month. Geomorphic studies conclude that the Brahmaputra, the life-line of Assam, is an antecedent river older than the Himalayas. The river with steep gorges and rapids in Arunachal Pradesh entering Assam, becomes a braided river (at times 10 mi/16 km wide) and with tributaries, creates a flood plain (Brahmaputra Valley: 50–60 mi/80–100 km wide, 600 mi/1000 km long). The hills of Karbi Anglong, North Cachar and
Assam
13657113
Aulocera padma Aulocera padma, the great satyr, is a brown (Satyrinae) butterfly that ranges across the Himalayas to Assam, northern Burma and western China. The butterfly is found in the Himalayas from Shingarh, (Zhob, Safed Koh, Kurram, Gilgit, Chitral, India (Kumaon, Bhutan, Sikkim and Chumbi Valleys) eastwards across to Abor valley, north Myanmar, west China and southeast Tibet . In 1932, William Harry Evans reported that the species was not rare from Chitral to Sikkim, rare in the eastern extremity of its range and rare and very rare westwards. Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth said that it was very abundant in the
Aulocera padma
8232691
(MFT). The Siwaliks Group consists of upward-coarsening successions of fluvial mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. The Siwaliks Group in Nepal is composed of three units that are known as lower, middle and upper members. These units can be correlated with the Sub Himalaya of Pakistan and of northern India . Palaeocurrent and petrographic data from the sandstone and conglomerate indicate that these rocks were derived from the fold-thrust belt, and deposited within the flexural foredeep of the Himalayan foreland basin (; ). The Lesser Himalayas lies in between the Sub-Himalayas and Higher Himalayas separated by the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)
Geology of Nepal
15775974
the northern madtom on the "Wildlife in Need of Management Proclamation" list. The sporadic distribution of the species across its range suggests that the northern madtom probably has very specific habitat requirements, so is vulnerable to habitat alterations. The diet of the northern madtom consists of small insects and invertebrates. However, because the species is found in such small numbers, no real evidence supports the specifics of their diet. Little is known as to the quality or quantity of what the northern madtom eats. The northern madtom is found in different habitats throughout its range. In the northern extent of
Northern madtom
2615920
Indo-Gangetic Plain The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the Indus-Ganga Plain and the North Indian River Plain, is a fertile plain encompassing Northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of northern and eastern India, the eastern parts of Pakistan, virtually all of Bangladesh and southern plains of Nepal. The region is named after the Indus and the Ganges rivers and encompasses a number of large urban areas. The plain is bound on the north by the Himalayas, which feed its numerous rivers and are the source of the fertile alluvium deposited across the region by the two river systems.
Indo-Gangetic Plain
7483192
white scaling in the centre. Antennae nearly black, with only a few white specks, head with brownish-yellow pubescence; rest of the thorax and abdomen covered densely with long white hairs which also clothe, more or less narrowly, the dorsal margin of the hindwing. Himalayas, northern range of India (included Sikkim), Pakistan, Nepal, Tibet and other parts of China. It is not known to be threatened. Parnassius hardwickii Parnassius hardwickii, the common blue Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in South Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus ("Parnassius") of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). This butterfly
Parnassius hardwickii
492700
a wide range of climates, from humid subtropical in the foothills to cold, dry desert conditions on the Tibetan side of the range. For much of Himalayas – that on the south side of the high mountains, except in the furthest west, the most characteristic feature of the climate is the monsoon. Heavy rain arrives on the south-west monsoon in June and persists until September. The monsoon can seriously impact transport and cause major landslides. It restricts tourism – the trekking and mountaineering season is limited to either before the monsoon in April/May or after the monsoon in October/November (autumn).
Himalayas
8720993
Cimmerian Orogeny The Cimmerian Orogeny was an orogeny that created mountain ranges that now lie in Central Asia. The orogeny is believed to have begun 200–150 million years ago (much of the Jurassic Period), when the Cimmerian plate collided with the southern coast of Kazakhstania and North and South China, closing the ancient Paleo-Tethys Ocean between them. The plate consisted of what are now known as Turkey, Iran, Tibet and western Southeast Asia. Much of the plate's northern boundary formed mountain ranges that were as high as the present-day Himalayas. The orogeny continued well into the Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic.
Cimmerian Orogeny
8720992
Cimmerian Orogeny The Cimmerian Orogeny was an orogeny that created mountain ranges that now lie in Central Asia. The orogeny is believed to have begun 200–150 million years ago (much of the Jurassic Period), when the Cimmerian plate collided with the southern coast of Kazakhstania and North and South China, closing the ancient Paleo-Tethys Ocean between them. The plate consisted of what are now known as Turkey, Iran, Tibet and western Southeast Asia. Much of the plate's northern boundary formed mountain ranges that were as high as the present-day Himalayas. The orogeny continued well into the Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic.
Cimmerian Orogeny
492716
are vast potentials of mineral oil. There is coal located in Kashmir, and precious stones located in the Himalayas. There is also gold, silver, copper, zinc, and many other such minerals and metals located in at least 100 different places in these mountains. Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), form a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the
Himalayas
7522253
"Mesosaurus" are found in these Ecca deposits. This is a fossil reptile found only in Southern Africa and Brazil providing important paleontological evidence of the existence of the Gondwana supercontinent. The northern shores contain mainly fossil plants, pollens and spores. Fossils of a cephalopod and some echinoids are also found in the north. During the Ecca period the Falklands Plateau collided and then fused with Southern Africa, forming a vast range of mountains to the south of the Cape Fold Belt. This new mountain range was comparable in size to the Himalayas. The northern slopes of these mountains generally dipped
Karoo Supergroup
2877399
Census. They comprise three distinct groups: Northern Group: Central Group: Southern Group (Sambelong): Indira Point () is the southernmost point of Great Nicobar Island and also of India itself, lying about 150 km north of Sumatra, Indonesia. The Nicobar Islands are part of a great island arc created by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate with Eurasia. The collision lifted the Himalayas and most of the Indonesian islands, and created a long arc of highlands and islands, which includes the Arakan Yoma range of Burma, the Andaman and Nicobar islands, and the islands off the west coast of Sumatra, including
Nicobar Islands
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on insects, mainly caterpillars, as well as snails. Collared grosbeak The collared grosbeak ("Mycerobas affinis") is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae. Its range encompasses the northern regions of the Indian Subcontinent, mainly the Himalayas, along with some adjoining regions. It is found in Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand. Its natural habitat is mountainous deciduous or mixed forests. The collared grosbeak may be the largest species in the diverse finch family, but several other species, including others in the genus "Mycerobas", may rival it in size. The species can range in length from . The body mass
Collared grosbeak
492678
Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (), form a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Himalayan range has many of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest. The Himalayas include over fifty mountains exceeding in elevation, including ten of the fourteen 8,000-metre peaks. By contrast, the highest peak outside Asia (Aconcagua, in the Andes) is tall. Lifted by the subduction of the Indian tectonic plate under the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan mountain range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc long. Its western anchor, Nanga Parbat, lies just south
Himalayas
2914158
conidiation from ascospores and molecular studies support "H. sinensis" as the anamorph of the caterpillar fungus, "O. sinensis". The caterpillars prone to infection by "O. sinensis" generally live underground in alpine grass and shrub-lands on the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas at an altitude between . The fungus is reported from the northern range of Nepal, Bhutan, and also from the northern states of India, apart from northern Yunnan, eastern Qinghai, eastern Tibet, western Sichuan, southwestern Gansu provinces. Fifty-seven taxa from several genera (37 "Thitarodes", 1 "Bipectilus", 1 "Endoclita", 1 "Gazoryctra", 3 "Pharmacis", and 14 others not correctly identified to
Ophiocordyceps sinensis
6332125
Pir Panjal Range The Pir Panjal Range (Kashmiri: "Pīr Pantsāl" Range) is a group of mountains in the Inner Himalayan region, running from east-southeast (ESE) to west-northwest (WNW) across the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir where the average elevation varies from to . The Himalayas show a gradual elevation towards the Dhauldhar and Pir Panjal ranges. Pir Panjal is the largest range of the lower Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej river, it dissociates itself from the Himalayas and forms a divide between the rivers Beas and Ravi on one side and the Chenab on
Pir Panjal Range
8557697
Tricyrtis Tricyrtis is a genus of Asian flowering plants in the lily family, with approximately 20 known species. The species are commonly known in English as toad lilies. The genus has a native range from the Himalayas to eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Philippines and Taiwan, and a few species are cultivated for their ornamental qualities in other parts of the world. "Tricyrtis" are herbaceous perennials with creeping rhizomes. The stems are typically erect or maybe ascending, and sometimes branched from the middle to the top. The subsessile leaves are arranged alternately along the stems. The inflorescences are most commonly
Tricyrtis
15181828
Topography of Pakistan Topography is the study and description of the surface features of land, which means it is the study of the surface of the earth such as that of relief features which is whatever is on the surface of anything Pakistan is divided into eight geographic areas the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, the Desert areas, the Pothohar Plateau and Balochistan Plateau and Salt Range, and the Sistan Basin. All the Rivers of Pakistan, i.e., Sindh, Ravi River, Chenab River, Jhelum River, and Sutlej River originate from the Himalayas mountain range. Some geographers designate Plateau is to
Topography of Pakistan
20320914
the mountains that was completed in 2013. The northern portion of the Kangri Garpo are skirted by China National Highway 318 and have become a popular scenic destination for Chinese tourists. Access to this region of Tibet, however, is often restricted for foreigners. Kangri Garpo Kangri Garpo () is a mountain range in eastern Tibet, located primarily in Nyingchi Prefecture as well as a portion of Qamdo Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The mountain range lies to the east of the Himalayas and to the west of the Hengduan Mountains. The mountains are geographically a southern extension of
Kangri Garpo
3098109
the other hand, in captivity, they are among the most renowned mimics, perhaps on par only with the grey parrot ("Psittacus erithacus"). They can learn to reproduce many everyday sounds, particularly the human voice, and even whistled tunes, with astonishing accuracy and clarity. This myna is a resident breeder from Kumaon division in India (80° E longitude) east through Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh, the lower Himalayas, terai and foothills up to 2000 m ASL. Its range continues east through Southeast Asia northeastwards to southern China, and via Thailand southeastwards across northern Indonesia to Palawan in the Philippines. It
Common hill myna
11149936
Northern Triangle temperate forests The Northern Triangle temperate forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion of thick forest covering the mountains of northern Myanmar. The Northern Triangle temperate forests occupy the southern slopes of the Namkiu Mountains, the easternmost extension of Himalayas, and extend southeast along the Patkai Range on the border between Myanmar and India, in Kachin State and Sagaing Division of Myanmar, an area that is part of the Golden Triangle. The mountains run north to south towards the central plain of Myanmar and the forests lie between 1,830 and 2,700 metres in elevation. The Chindwin,
Northern Triangle temperate forests
4726412
Zaskar Range The Zaskar Range or Zanskar Range is a mountain range in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir that separates Zanskar from Ladakh. Geologically, the Zanskar Range is part of the Tethys Himalaya, an approximately 100-km-wide synclinorium formed by strongly folded and imbricated, weakly metamorphosed sedimentary series. The average height of the Zanskar Range is about 6,000 m (19,700 ft). Its eastern part is known as Rupshu. It belongs to the trans-Himalayas. Zanskar covers an area of some , at an elevation of 3,500-7,000 metres (11,500–23,000 feet). The Zaskar River flows through this range and cuts the deep
Zaskar Range
20922302
Himalayas and terai of Province No. 1 which lies north of terai and south of higher himalayas. It also known as Mahabharat range. The elevation of Mid-hills region ranges from . This region comorises 8 districts of Province No. 1: Panchthar, Tehrathum, Dhankuta, Bhojpur, Khotang, Okhaldhunga and Udayapur. The southern part of the province has fertile agricultural plain land which is called terai. The elevations of the terai of Province No. 1 ranges from . The terai region of Province No. 1 comprises 3 districts: Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari. The plain land area between Shiwalik hills and Mahabharat hills known
Geography of Province No. 1
9687856
Nagarkot Nagarkot is a former Village Development Committee located 32 km east of Kathmandu, Nepal in Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone and as of 2015 part of Nagarkot Municipality. At the time of the 2011 census it had a population of 4571 and had 973 houses in it. At an elevation of 2,195 meters, it is considered one of the most scenic spots in Bhaktapur District. It is known for a sunrise view of the Himalayas including Mount Everest as well as other peaks of the Himalayan range of eastern Nepal. Nagarkot also offers a panoramic view of the
Nagarkot
9212112
interconnected Himalayan ecosystems, where altitudinal connectivity between the habitat types is important for ecosystem function. The soil is composed of alluvium deposited over the ages by the rivers that drain this young mountain range. At lower elevations, the ecoregion is flanked by the Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands. Above , it yields to the Himalayan subtropical pine forests. Rainfall varies from east to west, but annual rainfall can be as much as . The Himalayas capture moisture from the monsoons that sweep in from the Bay of Bengal, and most of this rainfall is expended in the eastern Himalayas. Therefore, the
Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
7796060
Mountain weasel The mountain weasel ("Mustela altaica"), also known as the pale weasel, Altai weasel or solongoi, primarily lives in high-altitude environments, as well as rocky tundra and grassy woodlands. This weasel rests in rock crevices, tree trunks, and abandoned burrows of other animals or the animals it previously hunted. The home range size of this animal is currently unknown. Geographical distribution for this species lies in parts of Asia from Kazakhstan, Tibet, and the Himalayas to Mongolia, northeastern China, and southern Siberia. The most common area for this species, however, is Ladakh, India. The conservation status, according to the
Mountain weasel
8056706
900 AD, in what is now the southwest of the US, were bermed structures, partially embedded in south-facing slopes. Their successful design was used for hundreds of years. At Matmata, Tunisia, most of the ancient homes were built below ground level, and surrounded courtyards about square. The homes were reached through tunnels. Other examples of subterranean, semi-subterranean or cliff-based dwellings in both hot and cold climates are found in Turkey, northern China and the Himalayas, and the southwest USA. A number of Buddhist monasteries built from earth and other materials into cliff sides or caves in Himalayan areas such as
Earth structure
5300085
winter. The difference in rainfall between the east and the west gives rise to a wide difference in the natural vegetation. In the Himalayan mountains the temperature falls by 0.6 °C for every 100 m rise in altitude and this gives rise to a variety of climates from nearly tropical in the foothills to tundra type above the snow line. One can also observe sharp contrast between temperatures of the sunny and shady slopes, high diurnal range of temperature, inversion of temperature, and variability of rainfall based on altitude. The northern side of the western Himalayas also known as the
Climatic regions of India
16572046
activity in the region. Some of the most popular skiing locations in India are Gulmarg in Jammu and Kashmir, Solang in Himachal Pradesh and Auli in Uttarakhand. The skiing season in India is from January to March. Skiing destinations in India are mostly in the Himalayas and are listed here by state (North-West to South-East): Skiing in India Skiing in India is an activity that mostly takes place in the northern states of India, where the Himalayas are situated. Skiing is administered by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation in India. The Himalayas provide an excellent skiing experience owing to their great
Skiing in India
2399022
Asian populations migrate south to warmer areas in winter. In the Himalayas, they ascend to about during summer but are below in the winter. This species is a rare vagrant to northern Europe, mostly as a spring overshoot. Its European range is generally expanding, although northern populations are especially susceptible to hard winters. Zitting cisticolas are very small insectivorous birds, sometimes found in small groups. The breeding season is associated with the rains. Two broods a year occur in many regions. Males are polygynous but some are monogamous the male builds the initial nest structure deep in the grasses, and
Zitting cisticola
10479644
Anaphalis margaritacea Anaphalis margaritacea, commonly known as the western pearly everlasting or pearly everlasting, is an Asian and North American species of flowering perennial plant in the sunflower family. It is widespread across most of the United States and Canada, as well as northwestern Mexico. Asian populations are found in China, the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, northern Indochina, and the Himalayas. The species is reportedly naturalized in Europe though not native there. "Anaphalis margaritacea" grows erect up to about and has narrow, alternate leaves. One salient feature is that the undersides of the leaves are covered in tiny hairs,
Anaphalis margaritacea
12644302
Lemna gibba Lemna gibba, the gibbous duckweed, swollen duckweed, or fat duckweed, is a species of "Lemna" (duckweed). It has a simple plant body, known as a thallus, which floats on the surface of the water and measures 3 – 5 mm in diameter. A single root hangs down into the water. Found in a wide range of still or slow-flowing water bodies, this common duckweed can also grow on mud or damp rocks. Distribution is in temperate areas in Europe, including Britain, to the Himalayas, Africa, South America, and North America. This duckweed is one of Britain's most common
Lemna gibba
1695336
use such terms. The Romans had used them in near Gaul / far Gaul, near Spain / far Spain and others. Before them the Greeks had the habit, which appears in Linear B, the oldest known script of Europe, referring to the near province and the far province of the kingdom of Pylos. Usually these terms were given with reference to a geographic feature, such as a mountain range or a river. Ptolemy's "Geography" divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas". To the south is "India
Near East
17554291
and 2008, along with other international teams. -Technical leading at ‘Trango tower’ peak at 6239 meters in ‘Karakoram’ ranges in the Himalayas in 2012, in which the Iranian climbing was honored to be rated as the 12th country ever reached the peak. Hossein Boland Akhtar Hossein Boland Akhtar (, born 1976 in Tehran, Iran. He is one of the most well known mountaineers and ski tourers in Iran. His professional career as a climber started at the age of 20 in central Alborz range. He has been working as a coach at Mountaineering and sport climbing federation of the Islamic
Hossein Boland Akhtar
8370854
mountain climber with over 30 years experience climbing the Himalayas. She had climbed K2, which is part of the Karakoram Range and known as the "Savage Mountain" due to the difficulty of ascent, with the second highest fatality rate among those who attempt to climb it. For every four people who have reached the summit, one has died trying. Over the years, Hamilton made nine different trips to different mountains of the Himalayas. She also visited the former kingdom of Sikkim as a guest of Tashi Namgyal, the ruling Chogyal (King) of Sikkim and the royal family. For three decades,
Elaine Hamilton-O'Neal