what is the white elephant in hills like white elephants
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hand, and their attitudes toward one another. From the outset of the story, the contentious nature of the couple's conversation indicates resentment and unease. Some critics have written that the dialogue is a distillation of the contrasts between stereotypical male and female relationship roles: in the excerpt above, for instance, the woman draws the comparison with white elephants, but the hyper-rational male immediately denies it, dissolving the bit of poetry into objective realism with "I've never seen one." By saying, "No, you wouldn't have" she implies he hadn't had a child before, or hadn't allowed birth in the past. She
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hand, and their attitudes toward one another. From the outset of the story, the contentious nature of the couple's conversation indicates resentment and unease. Some critics have written that the dialogue is a distillation of the contrasts between stereotypical male and female relationship roles: in the excerpt above, for instance, the woman draws the comparison with white elephants, but the hyper-rational male immediately denies it, dissolving the bit of poetry into objective realism with "I've never seen one." By saying, "No, you wouldn't have" she implies he hadn't had a child before, or hadn't allowed birth in the past. She
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through the oliphaunts of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy and the alien invaders of Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle's 1985 science fiction novel, "Footfall". Notable short stories featuring elephants include Rudyard Kipling's "Toomai of the Elephants" and "The Elephant's Child"; as well as Mark Twain's "The Stolen White Elephant". George Orwell wrote an allegorical essay, "Shooting an Elephant"; and in "Hills Like White Elephants", Ernest Hemingway used the allegorical white elephant, alluding to a pregnancy as an unwanted gift. The animal is also seen in historical novels. "The Elephant's Journey" (Portuguese: "A Viagem do Elefante",
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Hills Like White Elephants "Hills Like White Elephants" is a short story by Ernest Hemingway. It was first published in August 1927, in the literary magazine "transition", then later in the 1927 short story collection "Men Without Women". The story focuses on a conversation between an American man and a young woman, described as a "girl," at a Spanish train station while waiting for a train to Madrid. The girl compares the nearby hills to white elephants. The pair indirectly discuss an "operation" that the man wants the girl to have, which is implied to be an abortion. There is
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to shoulder the responsibility of the child he has begotten that the reading I have proposed seems the most logical resolution to its conflict." There is evidence for both possibilities, and there is no clear consensus. Hills Like White Elephants "Hills Like White Elephants" is a short story by Ernest Hemingway. It was first published in August 1927, in the literary magazine "transition", then later in the 1927 short story collection "Men Without Women". The story focuses on a conversation between an American man and a young woman, described as a "girl," at a Spanish train station while waiting for
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is grey and the other three are pinkish, but all are officially white. The king of Thailand also keeps a number of white elephants, eleven of which are still alive. Former U.S. Vice President Spiro Agnew once presented a white elephant to King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. There were white elephants in the army of the Sasanian king Khusrau II. According to al-Tabari, a white elephant killed the commander of the Arab Muslims Abu Ubayd al-Thaqafi in the Battle of the Bridge. The white elephant is considered to belong to the god "Indra". The name of the elephant is "Airavata"
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team, had a "white elephant on his hands"; manager Connie Mack defiantly adopted the white elephant as the team mascot. The A's are sometimes, but infrequently, referred to as the 'Elephants' or 'White Elephants'. Their mascot is nicknamed Stomper. University of Alabama's Crimson Tide mascot has been an elephant since 1930 after a sportswriter wrote of a fan yelling "Hold your horses, the elephants are coming!" as the football team rumbled onto the field. Their elephant-costumed "Big Al" officially debuted at the 1979 Sugar Bowl. Catania, Italy uses the elephant to represent their football team, referencing the animal that has
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Burmese. For a very long time, it was a law that when a white elephant was found and a tradition that when an elephant with good build was found, it was to be presented as property to the King of Thailand. The Thai sacred and royal symbol was the white elephant ("chang pueak" or "chang samkan"). They are not albinos but are genetically different. White elephants are not white, they are a dusky pinkish grey. Phra Savet Adulyadej Pahon was a white elephant that belonged to Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Since the logging industry became illegal, elephants trainers (mahouts) have
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White elephant sale A white elephant sale is a collection of used items being sold, much akin to a yard sale or garage sale, often as a fund-raiser for a cause. The term "white elephant" refers to an extravagant but burdensome gift that cannot be easily disposed of, based on the legend of the King of Siam gifting rare albino elephants to courtiers who had displeased him, that they might be ruined by the animals' upkeep costs. A "white elephant sale" sells items that retain some value but have no intrinsic use; items are often referred to as white elephants.
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was a white elephant in the middle of the scarlet background. White elephants in Thai society also represent wealth and power because of their past association with the Thai royals. The royal Thai navy flag also bears the symbol of white elephant. Many provinces in Thailand used to have elephants as part of their official emblems as well. In the Thai animal and planetary zodiac, the elephant is the fourth animal zodiac of the Thai people. Asian elephants share a close relationship with the Thai people, from being used warriors on battlefields, worshiped as religious icons, and faithful laborers to
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elephants, in elephant polo and in zoological gardens. The expression "white elephant" derives from a white elephant being considered sacred and therefore disqualified from useful work, yet posing a large ownership cost. The origin of the expression is from the story that the kings of Siam gave white elephants as a gift to courtiers they disliked, in order to ruin the recipient by the great expense incurred in maintaining the animal. Elephants have the largest brains of all land animals, and ever since the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, have been renowned for their cognitive skills, with behavioural patterns
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White elephant (animal) A white elephant (also albino elephant) is a rare kind of elephant, but not a distinct species. Although often depicted as snow white, their skin is normally a soft reddish-brown, turning a light pink when wet. They have fair eyelashes and toenails. The traditional "white elephant" is commonly misunderstood as being albino, but the Thai term "chang samkhan", actually translates as 'auspicious elephant', being "white" in terms of an aspect of purity. White elephants are only nominally white. Of those currently kept by the Burmese rulers—General Than Shwe regards himself as the heir of the Burmese kings—one
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landscape that the story occurs in, as well as several family trees of the elephant characters and a glossary of terms used in elephant speech (unlike in "Watership Down", the characters do not speak their own language, but use certain words to define objects not found in their language, such as "big grass" for bamboo and "delirium" for estrus). The novel is told entirely from the points of view of its elephant characters. Much like real elephants, all female elephants (cows) and prepubescent males (bulls) live in matrilineal family groups, and mature male elephants are loners. The main characters in
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The elephant is also on the flag of the Kingdom of Laos with three elephants visible, supporting an umbrella (another symbol of royal power) until it became a republic in 1975. Other Southeast Asian realms have also displayed one or more white elephants. The elephant also lends its name to some landmarks in Asia. Elephanta Island (also called "Gharapuri Island") in Mumbai Harbour was given this name by 17th century Portuguese explorers who saw a monolithic basalt sculpture of an elephant near the entrance to what became known as the Elephanta Caves. The Portuguese attempted to take it home with
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important elephant in the whole realm; it received the royal title which bears his majesty's own name: "Phra Savet Adulyadej Pahol Bhumibol Navanatta-parami" (พระเศวตอดุลยเดชพาหล ภูมิพลนวนาถบารมี). However, the King did not bestow royal titles to all of the white elephants in his possession. Today eleven of these elephants are still alive and only five have royal titles. A white elephant in Thailand is not necessarily albino, although it must have pale skin. After being discovered, the elephants are assigned to one of four graded categories before being offered to the king, although the lower grades are sometimes refused. In the past,
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(also known as Pink Elephants) are considered sacred and are a symbol of royal power; all those discovered are presented to the king (although this presentation is usually a ceremonial one—the elephants are not actually taken into captivity). Historically, the status of kings has been evaluated by the number of white elephants in their possession. The late king, Bhumibol Adulyadej, owned as many as 21 white elephants — considered an unprecedented achievement, making him the monarch who owned the greatest number of Chang Phueak in Thai history. The first elephant found in King Bhumibol's reign was regarded as the most
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the pregnancy; none of these are certain, due to the ambiguity of the story. "They look like white elephants," she said. "I've never seen one," the man drank his beer. "No, you wouldn't have." "I might have," the man said. "Just because you say I wouldn't have doesn't prove anything." The girl looked at the bead curtain. "They've painted something on it," she said. "What does it say?" "Anis del Toro. It's a drink." "Could we try it?" The reader must interpret their dialogue and body language to infer their backgrounds and their attitudes with respect to the situation at
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distinguish 12 tones. Similarly, in discrimination experiments with Asian elephants in the logging camps of Myanmar, only 13 Burmese elephants mastered black/white or large/small visual discrimination tasks, while 7 elephants failed to master the task. Like Thorndike's cats and dogs, the 13 elephants that did master a black/white or large/small discrimination task did so gradually, over several sessions. The slope of the time-curve again suggested the elephants failed to understand the cause-effect relationships between lid removal and food retrieval. The pre-training that preceded these Myanmar discrimination experiments involved learning to remove a lid from a bucket or to displace a
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been invested with false expectations. The term 'white elephant sale' was sometimes used in Australia as a synonym for jumble sale. In the U.S., a White elephant gift exchange is a popular winter holiday party activity. The idiom Elephant in the room tells of an obvious truth that no one wants to discuss, alluding to the animal's size compared to a small space. "Seeing pink elephants" refers to a drunken hallucination and is the basis for the Pink Elephants on Parade sequence in the 1941 Disney animated feature, "Dumbo". "Jumbo" has entered the English language as a synonym for "large".
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also asks his permission to order a drink. Throughout the story, the woman is distant; the American is rational. There may be more serious problems with the relationship than the purely circumstantial. Though the immediate problem is the unwanted pregnancy, the experience has revealed that the relationship is a shallow one. While most critics have espoused relatively straightforward interpretations of the dialogue, a few have argued for alternate scenarios. "Hills Like White Elephants" has been criticized for being anti-feminist; it has also been interpreted as being pro-feminist. The anti-feminist perspective emphasizes the notion that the man dominates the woman in
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the story, and she ultimately succumbs to his will by getting the abortion. Frederick Busch asserts that the woman "'buries her way of seeing as she will bury her child.'" However, critics also argue that the female character makes her own decision in the end, and the story is actually pro-feminist. Stanley Renner claims that "Hills Like White Elephants" is primarily empathetic towards the female character: "So firmly does the story's sympathy side with the girl and her values, so strong is her repugnance toward the idea of abortion, and so critical is the story of the male's self-serving reluctance
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and the valley, to show a wide variety of possible symbolic interpretations. Doris Lanier writes about the significance of Absinthe (also called "Anis del Toro") in the story. She explains the drink "was alluring not only because of its narcotic effects but also because of its reputation as an aphrodisiac." Lanier asserts that every detail in "Hills Like White Elephants" is intentionally placed by Hemingway, and the Absinthe could have several possible connotations. She postulates that "the addictive quality of the drink…is meant to emphasize the addictive nature of the couple's lifestyle…It is an empty, meaningless existence that revolves around
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well, white elephants have been revered symbols of power and good fortune. The announcement by the ruling military regime of the finding of white elephants in 2001 and 2002 was seen by opponents as being aimed at bolstering support for their regime. Myanmar has a total of nine white elephants (as of February 2014). The last white elephants was found in Basein area, south west of Myanmar on 27 February 2015. Three white elephants are currently held in a pavilion on the outskirts of Yangon. The rest are kept at Nay Pyi Daw, the new Myanmar administrative capital. Albinos are
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White elephant gift exchange A white elephant gift exchange, Yankee swap or Dirty Santa is a party game where amusing, impractical gifts are exchanged during festivities. Usually, the goal of a white elephant gift exchange is to entertain party-goers rather than to gain a genuinely valuable or highly sought-after item. The term "white elephant" refers to an extravagant, but impractical, gift that cannot be easily disposed. The phrase is said to come from the historic practice of the King of Siam (now Thailand) giving rare albino elephants to courtiers who had displeased him, so that they might be ruined by
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White elephant A white elephant is a possession which its owner cannot dispose of and whose cost, particularly that of maintenance, is out of proportion to its usefulness. In modern usage, it is an object, building project, scheme, business venture, facility, etc., considered expensive but without use or value. The term derives from the sacred white elephants kept by Southeast Asian monarchs in Burma, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. To possess a white elephant was regarded (and is still regarded in Thailand and Burma) as a sign that the monarch reigned with justice and power, and that the kingdom was blessed
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mount or vehicle known as a "vāhana". In addition to providing a means of transport, they symbolically represent a divine attribute. The elephant "vāhana" represents wisdom, divine knowledge and royal power; it is associated with Lakshmi, Brihaspati, Shachi and Indra. Indra was said to ride on a flying white elephant named Airavata, who was made the King of all elephants by Lord Indra. A white elephant is rare and given special significance. It is often considered sacred and symbolises royalty in Thailand and Burma, where it is also considered a symbol of good luck. In Buddhist iconography, the elephant is
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much more rare among African elephants than in Asia. They are reddish-brown or pink, and may suffer blindness or skin problems from sun exposure. In English, the term "white elephant" has come to mean a spectacular and prestigious thing that is more trouble than it is worth, or has outlived its usefulness to the person who has it. While the item may be useful to others, its current owner would usually be glad to be rid of it. White elephant (animal) A white elephant (also albino elephant) is a rare kind of elephant, but not a distinct species. Although often
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worthless, and donated only so the previous owner can dispense with them. White elephant sales also often carry the reputation of selling kitsch items. White elephant sale A white elephant sale is a collection of used items being sold, much akin to a yard sale or garage sale, often as a fund-raiser for a cause. The term "white elephant" refers to an extravagant but burdensome gift that cannot be easily disposed of, based on the legend of the King of Siam gifting rare albino elephants to courtiers who had displeased him, that they might be ruined by the animals' upkeep
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concluded that "An elephant is soft and mushy." An elephant joke inverts the story in the following way: Six blind elephants were discussing what men were like. After arguing they decided to find one and determine what it was like by direct experience. The first blind elephant felt the man and declared, 'Men are flat.' After the other blind elephants felt the man, they agreed. Moral: "Touching the Elephant" was a 1997 BBC Radio 4 documentary in which four people of varying ages, all blind from birth, were brought to London Zoo to touch an elephant and describe their response.
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green hills, lush valleys, misty cloud-covered forests and sprawling tea plantations around the park and the park is open daily. Carmelagiri Elephant Park Carmelagiri Elephant Park is a private park for elephant riding through the hilly paths of Munnar forest, a part of Kerala tourism, India. The park is located in Top Station, close to the city of Munnar in Kerala. The visitors get an experience of elephant ride and learn about multiple talents of the park’s elephants like demonstrations of commands, communication and timber pulling, elephant's bathe and can also participate in feeding one of the elephants. The park
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associated with Queen Māyā of Sakya, the mother of Gautama Buddha. She had a vivid dream foretelling her pregnancy in which a white elephant featured prominently. To the royal sages, the white elephant signifies royal majesty and authority; they interpreted the dream as meaning that her child was destined for greatness as a universal monarch or a "buddha". Elephants remain an integral part of religion in South Asia and some are even featured in various religious practices. Temple elephants are specially trained captive elephants that are lavishly caparisoned and used in various temple activities. Among the most famous of the
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a second time in December 2002, killing six people, which led to the killing of about 200 elephants by locals. In many cultures, elephants represent strength, power, wisdom, longevity, stamina, leadership, sociability, nurturance and loyalty. Several cultural references emphasise the elephant's size and exotic uniqueness. For instance, a "white elephant" is a byword for something expensive, useless, and bizarre. The expression "elephant in the room" refers to an obvious truth that is ignored or otherwise unaddressed. The story of the blind men and an elephant teaches that reality may be viewed by different perspectives. Elephants have been represented in art
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conservation. Werikhe walked thousands of kilometres and raised millions of dollars to fund White Rhino conservation projects. The Blue Wildebeest is currently abundant, but like other more endangered species feels the pressure of habitat reduction. This wildlife consists of lions, elephants, gazelles, and rhinos. Between 1970 and 1977, Kenya lost more than half of its elephants. Though elephant hunting has been banned for 40-years in Kenya, poaching has not reduced. Given the poverty of many of the people, and the high value of elephant tusks, they are shipped overseas and sold on the black market. Although Kenya has many national
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and it is a flying elephant. Airavata is made the King of all elephants by Lord Indra. King Bimbisara had one such white elephant, which he had captured in a forest when the elephant was in his Musth period. He named the bull elephant "Sechanaka" which means "watering" as the elephant used to water the plants by himself without any prior training. It is said the cost of this elephant was more the half of Magadha. He later gave it to his son Vihallakumara, which made his other son Ajatashatru jealous. Ajatashatru tried to steal it many times, which resulted
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Considered the national animal of Thailand, the elephant faced threats to its existence because of habitat invasion by humans and climate changes, amongst the other factors. The number of Thai elephants has been reduced from 100,000 to 2,000–3,000 wild elephants and about 2,700 domesticated elephants over the past 100 years. In Thailand, white elephants (ช้างเผือก, "chang phueak") are considered sacred and are a symbol of royal power. Chang Thai Day has three main purposes. The first is to show how significant elephants are to Thailand. The second is to demonstrate how the Thai culture depends on the elephants. Lastly, this
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itself also represents the integration of the Southeast Asian countries and the friendship made through sport competition. The mascots of the 2009 Southeast Asian Games are two white elephants dressed in traditional Lao attire named Champa, the male elephant and Champi the female elephant. The two white elephants symbolises the host nation, Laos as it was known as the kingdom of Lan Xang in ancient times, which literally means "the kingdom of a million elephants". The cheerful expression on the faces of the mascots represents the joyful and lively atmosphere during the games and warm welcome from Laos as the
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and sardonic, but is surprisingly motivated to help Hail Stones after the two become friends. However, he shows little attachment to the rest of his family, especially his mother, She-Screams. She-Scares A female elephant, and Mud's adoptive mother. She is one of the few elephants of the She-S family who accepts Mud. The Lost Ones A family of elephants, also known as the We-F's, who are forest elephants. They are self-centered, and all possess visionary capabilities. The White Bone The White Bone is a Canadian novel written by Barbara Gowdy and published by HarperCollins in 1999. It was nominated for
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without a trunk). Hal and Roger and their team followed the slave hunters and were captured. - During their search of the villagers, they spotted a white elephant. After they escape from the slave hunters, they return to capture the white elephant. Elephant Adventure Elephant Adventure is a 1964 children's book by the Canadian-born American author Willard Price featuring his "Adventure" series characters, Hal and Roger Hunt. It is set in the Mountains of the Moon in Uganda and depicts Hal and Roger's attempts to capture elephants for a zoo. Their enemies are a group of slave hunters. They kidnapped
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elephants, albino (white) animals like the rhesus monkey, spotted deer, white blackbuck, chinkara, elephant, emu, jungle babbler, bush-quail and common palm civet. Kankaria Zoo has also bred of rare species like pythons, crocodiles, bearcats and wild asses. Reuben David was awarded the Padma Shri in 1974 for it. It is a children's park named after Jawaharlal Nehru. Balvatika has a boat house, playroom, butterfly and weapon displays, mirror house, toy house and planetarium. Presently most part of the park is under renovation. Netherlands based company installed five rides in the amusement park in 2014. It includes the Boomerang Roller Coaster,
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elephant is also featured in film and on television. Thailand has produced various movies about the animal, from the 1940 historical drama film "King of the White Elephant" to the 2005 martial-arts action film, "Tom-Yum-Goong". In the West, the elephant was popularised by "Dumbo", the elephant who learns to fly in the 1941 Disney animated feature of the same name. Kipling's "Toomai of the Elephants" was adapted as the 1937 British adventure film "Elephant Boy". In popular modern films, Tai the elephant-actress has portrayed Bo Tat in "Operation Dumbo Drop" (1995), Vera in "Larger than Life" (1996) and Rosie in
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with peace and prosperity. The opulence expected of anyone that owned a beast of such stature was great. Monarchs often exemplified their possession of white elephants in their formal titles (e.g., Hsinbyushin, lit. "Lord of the White Elephant" and the third monarch of the Konbaung dynasty). Because the animals were considered sacred and laws protected them from labor, receiving a gift of a white elephant from a monarch was simultaneously a blessing and a curse. It was a blessing because the animal was sacred and a sign of the monarch's favour, and a curse because the recipient now had an
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in two of the most terrible wars called the "Mahasilakantaka & Ratha-musala". (see Ajatashatru). "According to Brahmanic belief, if a monarch possessed one or more 'white' elephants, it was a glorious and happy sign." King Trailok possessed the first. In the Thai language, they are called albino, not white, indicating "pale yellow eyes and white nails", with white hair. The "rough skin was either pink all over or had pink patches on the head, trunk, or forelegs." "They were not worshipped for themselves and were regarded as an appendage to the King's majesty." In Thailand, white elephants (ช้างเผือก, "chang phueak")
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Charles Chong added: "It would be very unfair if they come with ants and you use elephants to step on them." Desmond Lim, assistant secretary-general of the SPP responded that the red ant represented the party's never-say-die spirit: "Ants see no obstacles. If you put a stone in front of them, they will make a detour or climb over it. We are like small ants in the political scene here. But when ants come together, they can move mountains." Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC housed the Buangkok MRT Station where the white elephant incident took place in August 2005 when "white elephant"
Pre-election day events of the 2006 Singaporean general election
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from the Guruvayur temple, to house the temple's elephants. A famous elephant, named Guruvayur Kesavan, belonged to this temple. Almost all of the local festivals in Kerala include at least one richly caparisoned elephant. Elephants carry the deity during annual festival processions and ceremonial circumnambulations in the Hindu temples. The temple elephants are decorated with gold plated caparisons ("nettipattam"), bells, and necklaces. People mounted on the elephants hold tinselled silk parasols ("muttukuda") up high, swaying white tufts ("vencamaram") and peacock feather fans ("alavattam") to the rhythm of the orchestra. Seventeen elephants are engaged for the daily ceremonial rounds to the
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of an Elephant Hunter" (1923), for more information. Some of the madness of the desire to shoot an elephant (albeit not in Kenya) is shown in "White Hunter Black Heart", a fictionalised version of what happened during the filming of the Hollywood classic "African Queen". In 1963, the first year of independence, the Kenyan government issued 393 permits (hunting licenses) for elephants. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Kenyan poacher received approximately Shs. 3-4/lb ($.79–1.05/kg); by the 1970s, it was Shs. 100/kg ($12.74/kg), increasing the black market value for the primary producer from about one-fifth to one-third of the real
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off the elephant. The use of elephants in such fashion went beyond the common royal power to dispense life and death. Elephants have long been used as symbols of royal authority (and still are in some places, such as Thailand, where white elephants are held in reverence). Their use as instruments of state power sent the message that the ruler was able to preside over very powerful creatures who were under total command. The ruler was thus seen as maintaining a moral and spiritual domination over wild beasts, adding to their authority and mystique among subjects. Execution by elephant has
Execution by elephant
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National Elephant Day (Thailand) On 26 May 1998, the Thai government declared the 13th of March to annually be the Thai National Elephant Day or Chang Thai Day (Thai: วันช้างไทย). The observance was suggested by the Asian Elephant Foundation of Thailand and submitted to the Coordinating Subcommittee for the Conservation of Thai Elephants. The date was chosen because the Royal Forest Department designated the white elephant as the national animal of Thailand on 13 March 1963. Thai people have had a close-knit relationship with elephants since ancient times, with the elephant playing a significant role in transportation, labor and battle.
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package tour from Port Blair to the Little Andaman Island. It has more than 30 elephants on the Island and organises exciting elephant safari through the jungle near the White Surf waterfall. Well-experienced and tamed elephants are engaged for this purpose. Elephant lumbering activities inside the forest and a camp where elephant calves are trained in lumbering activities can also be seen. ANIFPDCL has built a guest house and tourist huts on the beach. Boating facility is available in the creek near to the Butler Bay beach resort. The northern side of the Butler Bay beach is a popular surfing
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separated from her family during a slaughter, she spends much of the book trying to find them again, as well as the White Bone. Tall Time A male elephant. Tall Time is a tall and lanky loner elephant who mentally collects and categorises all known omens and superstitions. He goes off on his own to find the Lost Ones, a troupe of Forest elephants, in order to gain information from them on omens and the White Bone. He is the father of Mud's baby, and loves Mud to an unnatural extent, wanting to start a herd with her although this
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images and Chinese statues. They included many figures from Thai literature, the Ramakien, such as Suvannamaccha and Hanuman. The stone figures date from the reign of King Rama III, and were later moved to the museum to prevent damage. In the central hall are the bones of white elephants. These elephants were not actually white but have certain special characteristics such as pinkish colouring and cream eyes. The White elephant was an important symbol of kingship; the more the monarch possessed the greater was his prestige. This belief and veneration of the animal is common to many other South-east Asian
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The White Bone The White Bone is a Canadian novel written by Barbara Gowdy and published by HarperCollins in 1999. It was nominated for the Scotiabank Giller Prize in 1998. Sometimes compared to Richard Adams's "Watership Down", it is an adult fantasy story about animals—in this case, African elephants—in a realistic natural setting but given the ability to speak to one another throughout the book. Subsequently, the elephants are given anthropomorphized personalities and have created their own religion, folklore, and customs, all based on the author's research on elephant behavior. The novel includes a map of the section of African
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A Campaign to Save Asian Elephants is a comprehensive breeding, education, and scientific research program. It is designed to help scientists care for elephants in zoos and save them in the wild. The Elephant House was closed to the public from September 14, 2009 until late March 2013 for construction of the second phase of Elephant Trails. This includes the Elephant Community Center, an indoor exhibit with many interpretive signs and graphics. Lemur Island is a moated island that is home to a group of ring-tailed lemurs, red-fronted lemurs and black-and-white ruffed lemurs. "Uncle Beazley", a fiberglass "Triceratops" that Louis
National Zoological Park (United States)
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part of the exhibit is home to a pride of African lions. Kingdom of the White Lion is home to a pride of rare white lions. Eurasian Reserve is home to Bactrian camel, Javan banteng, nilgai, fallow deer and Père David's deer. The Tiger Reserve is home to Bengal tigers and endangered Sumatran tigers. A drive-by enclosure at the end of this reserve is home to three gemsbok. Elephant Valley is home to the safari's African elephants. In May 2014, the park's Elephant Valley became home to the first male African elephant successfully born through AI in the UK; he
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from the other elephants throughout. Another theme of the novel acknowledges the old saying, "An elephant never forgets." The novel implies that elephants will eventually go senile, but as most are killed before their prime, the saying is usually true. The elephants are capable of remembering every minute detail of their lives, unlike humans, who tend to remember important events most strongly. Mud (She-Spurns) A young female elephant. Mud was abandoned by her birth family, the She-M's, as an infant, and was taken in by a somewhat reluctant She-S family. Although she is able to have visions of future events,
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Kottapadi Kottapadi is a village near Guruvayur town in the district of Thrissur, Kerala, South India. Kottapadi literally translates to "Gates to Fort". Kottapadi has now gained prominence Punnathurkotta for which it has been named, which used to house elephants belonging to the Guruvayoor temple. ("Anakotta" in Malayalam, literally translated as "Elephant Fort") Elephants that are an integral part of certain temple rituals are boarded and trained here. Kottapadi being a coastal village (6 km from sea) like many other parts of Kerala has white sand and Coconut farming was a major industry and still one can see large swaths
Kottapadi
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that elephants have excellent memories. The variation "Women and elephants never forget an injury" originates from the 1904 book "Reginald on Besetting Sins" by British writer Hector Hugh Munro, better known as Saki. This adage seems to have a basis in fact, as reported in "Scientific American": "Seeing the Elephant" is a 19th-century Americanism denoting a world-weary experience; often used by soldiers, pioneers and adventurers to qualify new and exciting adventures such as the Civil War, the Oregon Trail and the California Gold Rush. A "white elephant" has become a term referring to an expensive burden, particularly when much has
Cultural depictions of elephants
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but differ slightly in some details. Like Dürer's Rhinoceros this is art based on the best information available. The artists who made these figures had never seen a real elephant and had to work from drawings and sketches; possibly from Buddhist sources. They are made from enamelled porcelain, which would have been a new technology in Japan (and unknown in Europe) at the time they were made. Each elephant is 35.5 cm high, 44 cm long and 14.5 cm wide. The novel near white glaze which is called nigoshide was developed in this Japanese pottery in the seventeenth century. Nigoshide
Kakiemon elephants (British Museum)
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lower grade white elephants were given as gifts to the king's friends and allies. The animals needed a lot of care and, being sacred, could not be put to work, so were a great financial burden on the recipient - only the monarch and the very rich could afford them. According to one story, white elephants were sometimes given as a present to some enemy (often a lesser noble with whom the king was displeased). The unfortunate recipient, unable to make any profit from it, and obliged to take care of it, would suffer bankruptcy and ruin. In Myanmar as
White elephant (animal)
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trunks to paint and lift objects and sometimes people. King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) in 1921 decreed in the "Wild Elephant Protection Act" that all wild elephants were the property of the government, to be managed by the Department of the Interior as the King's representative. Elephants with special features—white elephants—were to be presented to the king. The law pertaining to domesticated elephants is the "Beast of Burden Act 2482 B.E." (1939). This act classifies elephants as draught animals along with horses, donkeys, and oxen. It allows domesticated elephants to be treated as private property. This act has no additional measures
Elephants in Thailand
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and especially in the Rig Veda. Another term that may mean elephant is "Varana" (RV 8.33.8; RV 10.40.4). According to Macdonell and Keith, "Varana" refers to elephants. The Akananuru (27) and the Purananuru (389) state that elephants were raised and trained in ancient Tamilagam's northern boundary of Venkatam hills Tirupati. Another Sangam poem says that the elephants here were trained in a northern tongue which could well be Sanskrit. Hastin Hastin (हस्तिन्) is a term for elephant used in Vedic texts. Other terms for elephant include Ibha (इभ) and Vārana (वारण). In Rig Veda 1.84.17 and 4.4.1. and probably other
Hastin
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which include leopard tortoises. There is also an aviary, 'Vulture Valley' which is home to white-backed vultures and Ruppell's griffin vultures. Elephant Kingdom is home to Colchester Zoo's herd of African elephants. It has a unique design which allows all the elephants maximum sight, sound and physical contact and has specially designed night stalls, a roped off "safe area" and spacious indoor bull elephant quarters. Edge of Africa can be found within the far end of the zoo park, and houses cheetah, spotted hyena, mandrills, red river hogs, warthogs and other African species in large outdoor areas. Opened in August
Colchester Zoo
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In the 1940s, O'Keeffe made an extensive series of paintings of what is called the "Black Place", about 150 miles west of her Ghost Ranch house. O'Keeffe said that the Black Place resembled "a mile of elephants with gray hills and white sand at their feet." She made paintings of the "White Place", a white rock formation located near her Abiquiú house. In 1946 she began making the architectural forms of her Abiquiú house—patio wall and door—subjects in her work. Another distinctive painting was "Ladder to the Moon", 1958. O'Keeffe produced a series of cloudscape art, such as "Sky above
Georgia O'Keeffe
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war of 1548, led a massive hunt for wild elephants (for use in future conflicts), which led to the discovery of seven white elephant. A symbol of prestige as well as honour, their discovery was celebrated by the kingdom, as a sign of the king's righteousness and power. In 1563, Bayinnaung (who succeeded Tabinshwehti in 1551) upon hearing of this news, decided to use the elephants as a pretext for an invasion, by requesting for two of Maha Chakkraphat's white elephants. The 'war party' led by Prince Ramesuan urged the king not to fulfill the request and face certain invasion
Ramesuan (prince of Ayutthaya)
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and is still one of the largest Komodo dragon exhibits in the country. Toyota Elephant Passage is a $50 million exhibit. At its opening, it was the largest bull elephant habitat in the world, designed to house up to 12 elephants, 8 of them bulls. It houses Asian elephants and other animals such as Indian rhinoceros, Malayan tapirs, and clouded leopards, which rotate among different habitats in the same style as Predator Ridge. The exhibit includes more than of trails for the animals, and pools in the exhibit contain a total of . Northern white-cheeked gibbons swing directly over visitors,
Denver Zoo
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size of mainland straight-tusked elephants. Remains of the species were first discovered and recorded by Dorothea Bate in a cave in the Kyrenia hills of Cyprus in 1902 and reported in 1903. Remains of paleoloxodontine elephants have been reported from the islands of Delos, Naxos, Kythnos, Serifos and Milos. The Delos elephant is of similar size to a small "Elephas antiquus", while the Naxos elephant is of similar size to "Elephas melitensis". The remains from Kythnos, Serifos and Milos have not been described. On the island of Rhodes, bones of an endemic dwarf elephant have been discovered. This elephant was
Dwarf elephant
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represented their city since ancient times. The elephant is also represented in music such as Henry Mancini's hit song "Baby Elephant Walk", which has been described as "musical shorthand for kookiness of any stripe". The American band the White Stripes' fourth album was entitled "Elephant "in honour of the animal's brute strength and closeness to its relatives. The hit single "Elephant" by British recording artist Alexandra Burke is based on the expression "elephant in the room". "Nellie the Elephant" is a children's song first released in 1956 and since covered by many artists including the punk-rock band Toy Dolls; The
Cultural depictions of elephants
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– it causes significant damage to vegetation, threatening the endangered plant life. Conflict between humans and elephants has also reached critical levels. North of the Reserve, the Mwaluganje elephant sanctuary has been established to provide a route for elephants to leave the park. The remainder of the park boundary is fenced to prevent the elephants from invading farmland. The Kenya Wildlife Service has plans to relocate up to 400 elephants from Shimba to Tsavo East National Park in 2005. Shimba Hills contains Kenya's only population of Sable Antelope. There are about 100 in the park. Shimba Hills National Reserve The
Shimba Hills National Reserve
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Arab Muslims under Abu Ubaid al-Thaqafi. A white elephant tore the latter from his horse with its trunk, and trampled him under foot. The Arab Muslims suffered heavy casualties in the battle. The elephants was also used in the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah, but was unsuccessful. The war elephants were also used by Saffarids, Ghaznavids, and to a lesser extent Buyids. Encyclopædia Iranica Persian war elephants War elephants were used in Iranian military history, most notably in Achaemenid, Seleucid and Sasanian periods. The elephants were Asian elephants, and were recruited from South Asian provinces of Persia, but also possibly Western Asiatic
Persian war elephants
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missing, which indicated either hunters killed a group of elephants in one spot, or else opportunistic scavengers removed the tusks from a natural die-off. Other theories focus on elephant behaviour during lean times, suggesting starving elephants gather in places where finding food is easier, and subsequently die there. The myth was popularised in films such as "Trader Horn" and MGM's Tarzan movies, in which groups of greedy explorers attempt to locate the elephants' graveyard, on the fictional Mutia Escarpment, in search of its riches of ivory. Osamu Tezuka's "Kimba the White Lion" episode "A Friend in Deed" centred around it.
Elephants' graveyard
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it has been an important item in their diet since time immemorial. Giraffes, rhinoceroses and elephants all browse on the marula tree, with elephants in particular being a major consumer. Elephants eat the bark, branches and fruits of the marula to the trees' detriment; indeed, elephant browsing has been shown to significantly limit the spread of the trees. Elephants do distribute marula seeds in their dung, however. The fruits, which ripen between December and March, have a light yellow skin, with white flesh that is rich in vitamin C— containing about eight times the amount found in an orange. They
Sclerocarya birrea
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of 17 Buddhist pagodas throughout the kingdom. The last pagoda he commissioned on record was Uritdaw Pagoda on the Thila-Pabbata Hill near the Kaladan river. He led the relic chamber closing ceremony on 29 March 1592 (Sunday, 2nd waning of Late Tagu 953 ME). The most famous temple donated by him is the Phara Ouk Pagoda in Mrauk-U. He also built the Pitaka-Taik to house the Buddhist Scriptures received from Ceylon. The king enjoyed elephant hunting. He was the owner of three white elephants, considered extremely auspicious by Burmese kings. He first became "Hsinbyushin" (Owner of White Elephant) on 10
Min Phalaung
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elephant. Torrent is the wisest and most knowledgeable and proud elephant in the novel, and is a friend of Tall Time's. He is known for being very soulful and valiant, although he starts to become senile from his old age. Me-Me A female cheetah with a taste for baby elephant. Me-Me cannot communicate with the She-S's through words, so through body language she establishes that she can show the elephants where the Safe Place is, in exchange for She-Snorts's and Mud's unborn calves. Bent A baby male elephant, and the son of She-Soothes. Bent is the innocent voice of the
The White Bone
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the now-banned export of elephant ivory, and has been referred to as "white gold". Local dealers estimate that there are 10 million mammoths still frozen in Siberia, and conservationists have suggested that this could help save the living species of elephants from extinction. Elephants are hunted by poachers for their ivory, but if this could instead be supplied by the already extinct mammoths, the demand could instead be met by these. Trade in elephant ivory has been forbidden in most places following the 1989 Lausanne Conference, but dealers have been known to label it as mammoth ivory to get it
Woolly mammoth
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were of Indian origin, and so were the archers. Training elephants was a difficult task and they would be hard to maintain because they ate so much food and water. On the march, huge paths needed to be cut for the elephants. Many were kept in the shah's menagerie the most famous of which was Khosrau II where he kept a "thousand white elephants." Persian elephants were from Indian origin and were probably armed with Indian styled weapons. The men(excluding the driver) sat in a large tower from which troops would fight. The elephant itself would normally be armed with
Persian war elephants
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Devamela with Thriprayar Thevar. Cherpu is known for making elephant statues using wood. The person credited with this art is not a full-time sculptor, nor is he an artisan. But he has been associated with the making and sale of elephant carvings for more than half a century, so much so that the septuagenarian P. Krishnankutty Menon is fondly called "Aana Menon" (Elephant Menon) by the locals in Cherpu, Thrissur. A person can identify elephants made from Cherpu easily by looking at the nail. The nail will be painted in white color neatly. An interesting aspect of this is that
Cherpu
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horse- or bovine-like bodies with trumpet-like trunks and tusks like a boar; some were even given hooves. Elephants were commonly featured in motifs by the stonemasons of the Gothic churches. As more elephants began to be sent to European kings as gifts during the 15th century, depictions of them became more accurate, including one made by Leonardo da Vinci. Despite this, some Europeans continued to portray them in a more stylised fashion. Max Ernst's 1921 surrealist painting, "The Elephant Celebes," depicts an elephant as a silo with a trunk-like hose protruding from it. Elephants have been the subject of religious
Elephant
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the elephant due to its grazing habits and preference to rivers. From Stone age rock-art to Modern age street-art, the elephant has remained a popular subject for artists. Prehistoric North Africans depicted the elephant in Paleolithic age rock art. For example, the Libyan Tadrart Acacus, a UNESCO World Heritage site, features a rock carving of an elephant from the last phase of the Pleistocene epoch (12,000–8000 BC) rendered with remarkable realism. There are many other prehistoric examples, including Neolithic rock art of south Oran (Algeria), and a white elephant rock painting in 'Phillip's Cave' by the San in the Erongo
Cultural depictions of elephants
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dry zone in the north, east and southeast of Sri Lanka. Elephants are present in Udawalawe National Park, Yala National Park, Lunugamvehera National Park, Wilpattu National Park and Minneriya National Park but also live outside protected areas. It is estimated that Sri Lanka has the highest density of elephants in Asia. Human-elephant conflict is increasing due to conversion of elephant habitat to settlements and permanent cultivation. In general, Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and have the highest body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like process. Their back is convex or level. Females
Sri Lankan elephant
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have elsewhere observed, it is like the Mark Twain story of the little boy who was told to stand in a corner and not to think of a white elephant." A slightly different version of the phrase was used before this, with George Berkeley talking of whether or not there is "an invisible elephant in the room" in his debates with scientists. In 1935, comedian Jimmy Durante starred on Broadway in the Billy Rose Broadway musical "Jumbo", in which a police officer stops him while leading a live elephant and asks, "What are you doing with that elephant?" Durante's reply,
Elephant in the room
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Borneo in the 18th century, which were released into the jungle. Comparison of the Borneo elephant population to putative source populations in DNA analysis indicates that the Borneo elephants are derived from Sundaic stock and indigenous to Borneo. The genetic divergence of Borneo elephants warrants their recognition as a separate evolutionarily significant unit. In general, Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and have the highest body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like process. Their back is convex or level. It has become commonplace to refer to the Borneo elephant as a ‘pygmy’ subspecies,
Borneo elephant
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Indian elephant The Indian elephant ("Elephas maximus indicus") is one of three recognized subspecies of the Asian elephant and native to mainland Asia. Since 1986, the Asian elephant has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List as the wild population has declined by at least 50% since the 1940s to 1930s, i.e. three elephant generations. The Asian elephant is threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation. In general, Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and have the highest body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like process. Their back is convex or
Indian elephant
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he unwittingly closes the manhole. The elephant steps on the switch and Tom explodes. The defeated cat waves a "The End" white flag. Jerry-Go-Round Jerry-Go-Round is a 1966 Tom and Jerry cartoon produced and directed by Chuck Jones. The title "Jerry-Go-Round" is a play on the name of a classic amusepark carousel: a merry-go-round. It was the last Tom and Jerry cartoon produced in 1965. Running from Tom, Jerry loses him in a traveling circus where he finds an Female Elephant crying, Jerry Thinking a something to remove a Golden Tack Stucks on Elephants Foot, and Tom watches Elephant Crying
Jerry-Go-Round
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to deliver on its function and/or becomes very costly to maintain. Examples include prestigious but uneconomic infrastructure projects such as airports, dams, bridges, shopping malls and football stadia built for the FIFA World Cup. The term has also been applied to outdated or underperforming military projects like the U.S. Navy's Alaska-class cruiser. In Austria, the term "white elephant" means workers who have little or no use, but are not terminable.. In Italian, state-funded, costly projects with small usefulness are called "cattedrali nel deserto" ("cathedrals in the desert"). White elephant A white elephant is a possession which its owner cannot dispose
White elephant
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on the truck were flashing red, white and yellow. When Ruby painted later on in the day, she chose those colors. She also showed a preference for colors that the keepers wore. Harry Peachey, an elephant trainer, developed a cooperative relationship with an elephant named Koko. Koko would help the keepers out, "prompting" them to encourage him with various commands and words that Koko would learn. Peachey stated that elephants are almost predisposed to cooperate and work with humans as long as they are treated with respect and sensitivity. Koko worked out when his keepers needed a bit of "elephant
Elephant cognition
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of gift that was brought by each player. Typically, a "White Elephant" gift was any item that the player had lying around the house, and would actually like to get rid of, or just a humorous, silly gift. This was in deference to the stories about a king giving a "worthless or not-so-desirable" gift, a.k.a. the "White Elephant". A "Dirty Santa" gift exchange was more of a reference to the method of play of the game, in which gifts were "stolen" after they had been received (picked). It is easy to see how the White Elephant type game began to
White elephant gift exchange
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hunting and large-scale habitat destruction, they now exist only in a few isolated sites like the Anaimalai Hills. The human-elephant conflict here is a delicate issue. The tea plantations are a hindrance to the movement of wildlife, particularly elephants who walk large distances to reach water bodies and feeding areas. Valparai Valparai is a Taluk and hill station in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is located above sea level on the Anaimalai Hills range of the Western Ghats, at a distance of from Coimbatore and from Pollachi. There are 40 hairpin bends on the way up to
Valparai
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the Kaaba, reportedly in retaliation for the previous Meccan defilement of Al–Qalis Church in Sana'a, a cathedral Abraha had constructed. However, his plan was foiled when his white elephant named Mahmud refused to cross the boundary of Mecca. The elephant, who led Abraha's forty thousand men, could not be persuaded with reason or even with violence, which was regarded as a crucial omen by Abraha's soldiers. This is generally related in the five verses of the chapter titled 'The Elephant' in the Quran. In the Judeo-Christian tradition, medieval artists depicted the mutual killing of both Eleazar the Maccabee and a
Cultural depictions of elephants
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1998, showed the presence of thirteen large mammals, the most frequent of which were the bongo, buffalo, African elephant, forest hog, giant forest hog, gorilla, and sitatunga. Other mammal species recorded include the African civet, African forest elephant, black-and-white colobus, and common chimpanzee. Poaching has been attributed to the park's elephant population decline. Surveys of Odzala-Kokoua's African forest elephant population resulted in estimates of approximately 18,200 and 13,500 in 2000 and 2005, respectively. There were approximately 9,600 elephants, as of 2014. Spotted hyenas were reportedly abundant in the park's savanna area in 2007. In 2013, the lion was considered locally
Odzala-Kokoua National Park
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at the Norfolk Hotel, Nairobi, stemmed from a desire to regulate hunting in the wake of technological developments like the safari vehicle, which had made accessing remote hunting areas much easier. During its existence it was able to accomplish much to conserve East African wildlife and become perhaps one of the most respected societies in the world of its kind. One of the most prolific of the white hunters was the Scottish adventurer W. D. M. Bell, who is reported to have killed over a thousand elephants, spread across several African countries. See the first of his memoirs, "The Wanderings
Elephant hunting in Kenya
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acknowledged. The first African elephant 'Yossi' born in 1974 in the Safari, became a legendary breeding male. His first offspring were born in 1987, a remarkable year, since all six female African elephants delivered calves, two of them on the same day. The Asian elephants 'Motek' and 'Warda' had already begun breeding in the old Tel Aviv Zoo before being transferred to Ramat Gan. As of 2013, 21 African and 14 Asian elephants were born (and survived) in the Safari. In 1978 the first white rhino was born at the Safari; he was named 'Shalom' since he was born on
Ramat Gan Safari
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championed genre filmmakers like Howard Hawks, Anthony Mann and Raoul Walsh; however, despite his fondness for B-films, Farber was often critical of film noir. One of Farber's best-known essays is "White Elephant Art vs. Termite Art", which originally appeared in 1962 in "Film Culture". In it, he writes on the virtues of "termite art" and the excesses of "white elephant art" and champions the B film and under-appreciated auteurs, which he felt were able, termite-like, to burrow into a topic. Bloated, pretentious, white elephant art lacks the economy of expression found in the greatest works of termite art, according to
Manny Farber
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to promote breeding. To meet the giant pandas and red pandas living needs, Jinan Zoo in the 1970s introduced large amounts of bamboo, which has grown into 5 hectares of bamboo forest. Jinan Zoo strives to create a natural environment between the animals and their caregivers to best simulate life as it would have been in the wild. African elephant, gorillas, chimpanzee, orangutan, white tigers, giraffes and zebras. A group of professionals from Jinan Zoo that specialize in zoology have successfully bred Asian elephants, golden monkeys, gibbons, langurs, takin, black stork, white stork, grey kangaroo, white-lipped deer, giraffes, seals and
Jinan Zoo
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in the initial setup. The elephants ("sang"; 象) begin the game to the left and right of the guards. They move one point orthogonally followed by two points diagonally away from their starting point, ending on the opposite corner of a 2×3 rectangle. Like the horse, the elephant is blocked from moving by any intervening pieces. Unlike xiangqi, which confines elephants to one side of the board behind a "river", in janggi there is no river and elephants are not limited to one side of the board. The janggi elephant can therefore be used more offensively than the xiangqi elephant.
Janggi
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of southern Yunnan. In Bangladesh, some isolated populations survive in the south-east Chittagong Hills. A herd of 20–25 wild elephants was reported as being present in the Garo Hills of Mymensingh in the late-1990s, being detached from a big herd in the Peack hills of India and prevented from returning by fences put up in the meantime by the Indian border security force. The herd was estimated at about 60 individuals in 2014. Three subspecies are recognised: The Borneo elephant occurs in Borneo's northern and northeastern parts. In 2003, mitochondrial DNA analysis and microsatellite data indicated that the Borneo elephant
Asian elephant
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too small to contain viable elephant populations. In general, Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and have the highest body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like process. Their back is convex or level. Females are usually smaller than males, and have short or no tusks. Sumatran elephants reach a shoulder height of between , weigh between , and have 20 pairs of ribs. Their skin color is lighter than of "maximus" and "indicus" with least depigmentation. The Sumatran elephant was once widespread on the island, and Riau Province was believed to have the
Sumatran elephant
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the Mahabharata were described as skilled in the art of elephant warfare e.g. Duryodhana rides an elephant into battle to bolster the demoralized Kaurava army. Scriptures like the Nikāya and Vinaya Pitaka assign elephants in their proper place in the organization of an army. The Samyutta Nikaya additionally mentions the Gautama Buddha being visited by a 'hatthāroho gāmaṇi'. He is the head of a village community bound together by their profession as mercenary soldiers forming an elephant corp. Ancient Indian kings certainly valued the elephant in war, some stating that an army without elephants is as despicable as a forest
War elephant
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Carmelagiri Elephant Park Carmelagiri Elephant Park is a private park for elephant riding through the hilly paths of Munnar forest, a part of Kerala tourism, India. The park is located in Top Station, close to the city of Munnar in Kerala. The visitors get an experience of elephant ride and learn about multiple talents of the park’s elephants like demonstrations of commands, communication and timber pulling, elephant's bathe and can also participate in feeding one of the elephants. The park offers various tours, which range from excursions for 1 hour, a half day or a full day. There are many
Carmelagiri Elephant Park
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and shrubs in different reserves at differing levels of elephant feeding pressure so that contours of similar levels of habitat damage can be defined for each of the reserves. Data are being gathered at a range of elephant grazing pressures so that estimates of levels of damage for a reserve with differing levels of elephant populations can be predicted. Redefining what acceptable levels of elephant numbers are in a reserve is only one approach being used by managers of different reserves. Another approach is to expand the areas accessible to elephants. In KwaZulu Natal, a project called Space for Elephants
Operation Wallacea
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macaque in 2004. The highest elevation, 11,000 ft that the wild Asian elephants reach anywhere is partly in this sanctuary. Eaglenest is home to at least 165 species of butterflies including Bhutan glory, grey admiral, scarce red-forester, dusky labyrinth, tigerbrown, jungle-queen sp, white-edged bush-brown, and white owl. In Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary there is a camp named Sessni which in Nepali language means nettle. The place is filled with poisonous elephant nettles on either side of the road. Eaglenest is physically protected from timber and animal poaching only by its isolation and the poor quality of the one lane road leading
Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary
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young girls. Vivid descriptions of the torments of hell, sometimes in the form of garish sculptures, are to be found in some Buddhist temples in Thailand. These representations are so popular that, along with figures of local spirits, they have become a regular feature in present-day Thai comics. The mynah is featured in some tales for its ability to talk and imitate sounds. The "Hen and her six chicks", explaining the origin of the Pleiades, "The White Crows" and tales with elephants such as "The Elephant, the Monkey and the Quail", and "The Elephants and the Bees" are common folk
Thai folklore
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group of bonobos or black-and-white colobus monkeys, as well as one of the zoo's gorilla groups. Once through the atrium, visitors take a winding boardwalk past other primates including a second gorilla group, orangutans, mandrills, chimpanzees and white-cheeked gibbons. Asian Falls was opened in 1992 and includes the Asian elephant complex. Once past the elephants, visitors can observe the animals from a boardwalk that gives a bird's-eye view of rhinos and takes them past other animals including the zoo's white tigers, Malayan tigers, a pair of striped hyenas, an anoa, sun bears, a sloth bear, and several birds endemic to
Fort Worth Zoo