when did the first automatic transmission come out
1921
2182224
design have narrowed this gap considerably, but clutch-based transmissions (manual or semi-automatic) are still preferred in sport-tuned trim levels of various production cars, as well as in many auto racing leagues. The automatic transmission was invented in 1921 by Alfred Horner Munro of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, and patented under Canadian patent CA 235757 in 1923. (Munro obtained UK patent GB215669 215,669 for his invention in 1924 and US patent 1,613,525 on 4 January 1927). Being a steam engineer, Munro designed his device to use compressed air rather than hydraulic fluid, and so it lacked power and never found commercial application.
Automatic transmission
12801827
the EJ20H and a choice of either five-speed manual or four-speed automatic gearbox. Unlike the GT, the GT/B did not come with a power-operated driver's seat and optional extras like driver and passenger airbags, cruise control, sunroof, and wood panel trim was not available. The GT/B was discontinued in June 1996 with the introduction of the GT-B (BG5B). The RS was the GT sedan for the second generation Outback, and available in manual and for the first time automatic transmission. A GT sedan was available, with full leather and automatic transmission only. Was a Japanese model station wagon introduced in
Subaru Legacy (second generation)
11465318
revealed the Evoque with nine-speed automatic transmission during the Geneva Motor Show. This new automatic transmission is developed by ZF Friedrichshafen. In addition, the nine-speed automatic transmission's first gear is specially designed for off-road conditions, towing and adverse on road conditions. Further, first gear of a nine-speed automatic transmission is much lower than the first gear of a six-speed automatic. Land Rover did not reveal any further technical details about the new automatic transmission. Land Rover since have developed their own branded Ingenium engine to adhere to EU6 emissions regulations. There are three 2-litre variants available: eD4 turbodiesel 2 wheel
Range Rover Evoque
3521987
be fitted to smaller cars such as the Ford Anglia. Semi-automatic transmission A semi-automatic transmission (also known as a clutch-less manual transmission, auto-manual, automated manual transmission, trigger shift, flappy-paddle gear shift or paddle-shift gearbox) is an automobile transmission that combines manual transmission and automatic transmission. It allows convenient driver control of gear selection. For most of automotive history, automatic transmissions already allowed some control of gear selection using the console or shifter, usually to limit the transmission shifting beyond a certain gear (allowing engine braking on downhills) and/or locking out the use of overdrive gears when towing. It enhanced such
Semi-automatic transmission
3521929
Semi-automatic transmission A semi-automatic transmission (also known as a clutch-less manual transmission, auto-manual, automated manual transmission, trigger shift, flappy-paddle gear shift or paddle-shift gearbox) is an automobile transmission that combines manual transmission and automatic transmission. It allows convenient driver control of gear selection. For most of automotive history, automatic transmissions already allowed some control of gear selection using the console or shifter, usually to limit the transmission shifting beyond a certain gear (allowing engine braking on downhills) and/or locking out the use of overdrive gears when towing. It enhanced such features by providing either steering wheel mounted paddle shifters or
Semi-automatic transmission
7459467
of the gears. The presence of Fluid Drive, however, prevented the driver stalling when taking off from a dead stop. The driver could also come to a stop in any gear without using the clutch and could then proceed without shifting or using the clutch. Naturally, acceleration from a stop was much slower in high gear than it was in first. It must be emphasized that Fluid Drive was not a transmission, only a fluid coupling between the engine and clutch. Fluid Drive could also be mated to the semi-automatic transmission, which was not automatic in any way and should
Fluid Drive
2182232
in gear. Chrysler itself never used the fluid coupling with any of its automatic transmissions, but did use it in conjunction with a hybrid manual transmission called "Fluid Drive" (the similar Hy-Drive used a torque converter). These developments in automatic gearbox and fluid coupling technology eventually culminated in the introduction in 1939 of the General Motors Hydra-Matic, the world's first mass-produced automatic transmission. Available as an option on 1940 Oldsmobiles and later Cadillacs, the Hydra-Matic combined a fluid coupling with three hydraulically controlled planetary gearsets to produce four forward speeds plus reverse. The transmission was sensitive to engine throttle position
Automatic transmission
2890747
the automatic. A knob connected to a bowden cable, similar to some emergency brake applications, was also provided to lock out the unit mechanically. Using overdrive with the main 3-speed transmission in 2nd gear was similar in ratio to 3rd gear, and with the main transmission in 3rd, the overall ratio was fractional (i.e., "true overdrive"). Such add-on overdrive boxes were available from the 1930s to the 1970s for cars and light trucks. Today, most petrol and diesel cars and trucks come with an overdrive transmission because of the benefit to fuel economy. Overdrive is included in both automatic and
Overdrive (mechanics)
4608912
to 1979, when the Fairfax Transmission plant was closed. Although the FMX was phased out in the United States in 1979 in favor of Ford's then-revolutionary Automatic OverDrive (AOD) transmission, the FMX was sold for another four years for use in V8 Ford Falcons built in Australia. The FMX ceased production when Ford Australia phased out the V8 engine in 1983. In 1962, Ford began working on a new type of automatic transmission to emphasize fuel economy and driveability. The new transmission was built around the Ravigneaux planetary of the "X" transmissions. Where many transmissions had a fourth gear added
Cruise-O-Matic
12561418
was the fastest production car evaluated in the test. However, "Motor Trend" declared the winner to be a 1989 Corvette ZR-1, which went much faster, but was not a production car (it was a prototype that Chevrolet intended to release for production in 1989, but did not come out until 1990). So by a slight technicality, the TTA could be called the flat-out quickest (0–60 4.6 sec.) and fastest (162 mph) American production car in 1989. The only constraint on the top speed of 162 mph was that the TTA was being limited by the engine redline and automatic transmission
Pontiac Firebird (third generation)
3661782
2.5L inline-4 for 2010. A 221hp 3.0L V6 was optional, with output increased to 240hp in 2010. The Milan did not receive a counterpart of the Ford Fusion Sport, powered by a 3.5L V6. The four-cylinder engine was equipped with a five-speed manual transmission as standard (the first manual-transmission Mercury sedan since the 2000 Mystique), with a five-speed automatic as an option. Through its entire production, the V6 was offered solely with a 6-speed automatic transmission (shared with the Fusion and Montego). For 2010, the four-cylinder engines were updated with 6-speed manual and 6-speed automatic transmissions; the 6-speed automatic on
Mercury Milan
7233091
reliable at a maximum engine speed of 8000rpm. This led Honda to design their own transmission. They purchased a transmission from Borg Warner for the purpose of developing an original transmission design. They tested their newly developed automatic transmission on the L700. When testing and refinements had been made, Honda sold their first automatic transmission in the N360. The Hondamatic was later used in Honda's 400, 450 and 750 cc motorcycles. In this application, it was not a true automatic transmission, as the driver had to manually select one of the two gears, though Honda's torque converter meant that no
Hondamatic
20476664
Mercedes-Benz first series automatic transmission The Mercedes-Benz first series of automatic transmission, designated with series model numbers 722.0, 722.1 and 722.2, is a family of three and four-speed automatic transmission for engines with longitudinal layout for rear wheel drive passenger cars. This transmission was the first Mercedes-Benz true automatic transmission in house developing. Before this, the company used semi automatics systems like a vacuum-power shifting for overdrive or the "Hydrak" hydraulic automatic clutch system. Alternatively, they bought true automatics transmissions of other vendors, such BorgWarner. The control of the fully automatic system is fully hydraulic and it uses electrical wire
Mercedes-Benz first series automatic transmission
4419181
Applications (calendar years): 6 Speed Automatic Transmission Applications (calendar years): 6 Speed Automatic Transmission Applications (calendar years): 6 Speed Automatic Transmission Applications (calendar years): 6 Speed Automatic Transmission with transfer case for AWD application Applications (calendar years): FR Transmission 6 Speed Automatic Transmission Applications (calendar years): FR Transmission 6 Speed Automatic Transmission Applications (calendar years): AWD/RWD transmission 8-speed automatic transmission Applications (calendar years): Gear ratios: The AA80E (Aisin TL-80SN) becomes the world's first eight-speed automatic transmission. Smaller parts, a hydraulic circuit with fewer components allow the transmission to maintain the same size as the previous LS 430's unit. The aluminum
Toyota A transmission
20476667
it will use 1st gear if kickdown is actuated (full throttle) or if L position is selected in gear selector. Mercedes-Benz first series automatic transmission The Mercedes-Benz first series of automatic transmission, designated with series model numbers 722.0, 722.1 and 722.2, is a family of three and four-speed automatic transmission for engines with longitudinal layout for rear wheel drive passenger cars. This transmission was the first Mercedes-Benz true automatic transmission in house developing. Before this, the company used semi automatics systems like a vacuum-power shifting for overdrive or the "Hydrak" hydraulic automatic clutch system. Alternatively, they bought true automatics transmissions
Mercedes-Benz first series automatic transmission
4485068
Manumatic Manumatic, a portmanteau of the words manual and automatic, is a term referring to a class of automotive transmission. Manumatic refers to an automatic transmission that allows convenient driver control of gear selection. For most of automotive history, automatic transmissions already allowed some control of gear selection using the console or column shifter, usually to limit the transmission from shifting beyond a certain gear (allowing engine braking on downhills) and/or locking out the use of overdrive gears when towing. Manumatics enhanced such features by providing either steering wheel mounted paddle shifters or a modified shift lever, allowing the driver
Manumatic
4608918
Automatic Drive Automatic Drive was the trade name for Studebaker Corporation’s first automatic transmission, designed in conjunction with Borg-Warner's Detroit Gear division. Studebaker was one of two independent American auto manufacturers to invest in development and tooling for automatic transmissions, the other being Packard with its Ultramatic product. Automatic Drive, which combined a three-speed planetary gearset and a lock-up torque converter, debuted in early 1950 as a $201 option on all Studebaker models. Ford, which was without an automatic transmission in 1950, approached Studebaker about buying Automatic Drive units. Studebaker's management refused and thereby lost out on what could have
Automatic Drive
3046337
and style of driving. The lack of control over downshifting under load in an automatic transmission, coupled with a typical vehicle engine's greater efficiency under higher load, can enable additional fuel gains from a manual transmission by allowing the operator to keep the engine performing under a more efficient load/RPM combination. This is especially true as between manual and automatic versions of older models, as more recent advances including variable valve timing reduce the efficiency disadvantages of automatic transmissions by allowing better performance over a broader RPM range. In recognition of this, many current models (2010 and on) come with
Manual transmission
15331007
around 15% when comparing DCT installations against its former automatic transmission, of which half can be directly attributed to the DCT. When compared directly with a manual transmission, 16% improvement can be directly attributed to the DCT. Getrag received the first order for its dual clutch transmission 6DCT250 from Qoros Automotive Co., Ltd, an independent JV carmaker in China. Attributes of the transmission include easy shifting, reduced fuel consumption compared to conventional automatic transmissions, and flexibility and functionality in hybrid applications. Start of production is planned for 2013 in the Getrag plant Nanchang. In addition to the six speed manual
Dual-clutch transmission
3521950
mounted behind the steering wheel. This system was nicknamed 'Citro-Matic' in the U.S. The Citroën 2CV gained an optional centrifugal clutch, marketed in English-speaking countries as "Trafficlutch". It did not help with gear changing, but it disengaged automatically when the engine slowed to an idle. A device was fitted to the carburettor to prevent the throttle closing abruptly, and the resultant clutch disengagement and lack of engine braking. Later, the manufacturer introduced optional semi-automatic transmissions on their medium and large saloon and estate models in the 1970s; the Citroën GS and CX models had the option of three-speed, semi-automatic transmission
Semi-automatic transmission
3521965
year, but was soon replaced with Chrysler's fully automatic two-speed PowerFlite transmission. For the Renault Dauphine, a Ferlec semi-automatic was offered from 1957 until 1963, when the "fully automatic" Jaeger electromechanical transmission control became available. The Ferlec transmission was a manual-selection transmission coupled to dry clutch that engaged and disengaged by touching the gearshift, similar to driver operation of Volkswagen's Autostick, but without the torque converter of the VW. Automatic manual transmission (under the "Easy-R" name) of Renault Group's Dacia is founded on electro-mechanical rather than hydraulic technology. Easy-R automated transmission uses a traditional manual gearbox with an electronically controlled
Semi-automatic transmission
17540649
AP automatic transmission The AP automatic transmission is a 4-speed automatic transmission unit developed by Automotive Products and the British Motor Corporation specifically for use in the Mini. It was unique in that not only was it one of the first transverse mounted automatic transmission units tailored for front wheel drive, it was one of the smallest in order to be used in the transmission-in-sump installation beneath the A-series engine used in the Mini, and later the 1100/1300 ranges. Another novel feature was that the transmission was designed to use the engine's lubricating oil, rather than conventional automatic transmission fluid
AP automatic transmission
8468583
Ridley Motorcycle Company Ridley Motorcycle Company was a privately held motorcycle manufacturing company based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, from 1995 to 2010. Ridley introduced the first cruiser with a continuously variable transmission, the Ridley Speedster, in 1999, and positioned itself as "America's Automatic Motorcycle." Clay Ridley began experimenting with automatic transmissions in motorcycles in 1995, when building them for his sons as a hobby. Although the vast majority of cars and light trucks sold in the U.S. use automatic transmissions, no two-wheeled vehicles larger than a scooter did, and so to capitalize on that market, he and his son
Ridley Motorcycle Company
5033602
it. When the V8-engined cars were introduced in 1970, the default transmission was the four-speed automatic, driven via a fluid coupling rather than the more usual torque converter. Buyers could still opt for a four-speed manual box, however, and benefitted from a price reduction if they did so. The 4.5 litre version (offered from 1971 but only in the United States), was fitted with a three-speed automatic box with a torque converter. This engine/transmission combination became more widely available when incorporated in the successor model. A batch of Mercedes-Benz W108 were used by Soviet State Automobile Inspectorate (GAI) in militsiya
Mercedes-Benz W108
17540652
https://web.archive.org/web/20131018030057/http://www.austinmemories.com/page172A/page172.html AP automatic transmission The AP automatic transmission is a 4-speed automatic transmission unit developed by Automotive Products and the British Motor Corporation specifically for use in the Mini. It was unique in that not only was it one of the first transverse mounted automatic transmission units tailored for front wheel drive, it was one of the smallest in order to be used in the transmission-in-sump installation beneath the A-series engine used in the Mini, and later the 1100/1300 ranges. Another novel feature was that the transmission was designed to use the engine's lubricating oil, rather than conventional automatic transmission
AP automatic transmission
5577604
acceleration times and quicker intermediate sprints than the outgoing 5-speed automatic transmission. The 7G-Tronic has two reverse gear ratios: 3.416 and 2.231. The winter mode, also recently named 'comfort' mode, starts out in 2nd forward and 2nd reverse. The transmission can skip gears when downshifting. It also has a lockup torque converter on all seven gears, allowing better transmission of torque for improved acceleration. The transmission's case is made of magnesium, a first for the industry, to save weight. The 7G-Tronic is the fifth-generation transmission for Mercedes-Benz. About 65 percent of Mercedes-Benz C-Class sedans, wagons, and sport coupes are purchased
Mercedes-Benz 7G-Tronic transmission
18772339
stroke is . It generates with intercooler at 3400 rpm, and of torque at 1600-2000 rpm when mated to 6-speed automatic transmission or manual transmission, depending on target market and emission specifications. In Toyota Innova, it generates at 3400 rpm, and of torque at 1200-2600 rpm when mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission, depending on target market and emission specifications. With manual transmission, outputs are and This engine was first used in second generation Toyota Innova (sixth generation Toyota Kijang), second generation Toyota Fortuner and eighth generation Toyota Hilux. Toyota GD engine The Toyota GD engine series is a diesel
Toyota GD engine
3292551
system. Transmission choices include a simulated six-speed sequential shift automatic (Continuously Variable Transmission) for Hybrid models, six-speed automatic for the 2.5L 2AR-FE engine or an eight-speed automatic for other I4 and V6 powered Camrys. As with all Toyota vehicles, Toyota Safety Sense will come as standard equipment on all Camry models, bringing standard a pre-collision system with pedestrian detection, a full-speed radar cruise control, lane departure warning with steering assist, and automatic high beam assist. Optional safety features will include active blind spot monitoring with rear cross-traffic alert, intelligent clearance sonar, and rear cross-traffic braking. Competing with mainstream and more
Toyota Camry
2967833
be monitored. If anything goes wrong which the ATS cannot handle, it can send out calls for help, via pager, telephone voice message, or dedicated telemetry links back to a fixed point such as a broadcast studio. Other than possibly listening for dead air from the studio/transmitter link, an ATS does "not" cover the programming or the studio equipment like broadcast automation, but rather only the "transmitter plant". Automatic transmission system An automatic transmission system (or occasionally automated transmission system, to avoid confusion with the automatic transmission of an automobile) is an automated system designed to keep a radio transmitter
Automatic transmission system
4009404
under the Amati 300 name, but they did not come to fruition. The Xedos 6 was available with two different engines: a 1.6-litre straight-four (available in Europe from the beginning of production, in the UK from 1993 onwards) and a 2-litre V6 (available everywhere from the car's launch) The 1.6-litre engine produced , and was criticized for being underpowered, whilst the 2-litre engine produced , and was praised for its smooth, free-revving nature. The V6 models were capable of up to with a manual transmission, and with an automatic transmission, and were claimed to be able to do 30-31 miles
Mazda Xedos 6
16222382
in favor of a 1.8L four-cylinder TSI of comparable horsepower ratings but improved torque ratings over the straight-five. All engines for this model are offered with an option of a six-speed manual transmission or the option of a dual-clutch DSG automatic. In the United States, transmissions on petrol models come with either a five-speed manual or optional six-speed automatic on 2.5/1.8T models, while on the diesel models there is the option of a DSG six-speed dual-clutch transmission. The first special edition of the 2012 Beetle is the Black Turbo launch edition. It was limited to 600 cars on the U.S.
Volkswagen Beetle (A5)
2182242
transmissions consist of three major components: A type of fluid coupling, hydraulically connecting the engine to the transmission. This takes the place of a friction clutch in a manual transmission. It transmits and decouples the engine power to the planetary gears, allowing the vehicle to come to stop with the engine still running without stalling. A torque converter differs from a fluid coupling, in that it provides a variable amount of torque multiplication at low engine speeds, increasing breakaway acceleration. A fluid coupling works well when both the impeller and turbine are rotating at similar speeds, but it is very
Automatic transmission
3521933
or a centrifugal clutch replaced the standard manual clutch to allow for stop and go driving without using the clutch pedal every time the car was brought to a stop. More sophisticated systems allowed for shifting while driving without using the clutch, and some systems did away with the clutch pedal altogether. Semi-automatic transmissions were phased out as technology advanced and automatic controls were developed to take care of changing gear ratios. Smaller, lower powered cars used Semi-automatic transmissions with a dry clutch because the mechanical connection offered a more efficient powertrain compared to a fluid coupling. Another early semi-automatic
Semi-automatic transmission
3046263
This makes the clutch plate stop receiving power from the engine, so that the gear can be shifted without damaging the transmission. When the clutch pedal is released, the throw out bearing is deactivated, and the clutch disk is again held against the flywheel, allowing it to start receiving power from the engine. Manual transmissions are characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by locking selected gear pairs to the output shaft inside the transmission. Conversely, most automatic transmissions feature epicyclic (planetary) gearing controlled by brake bands and/or clutch packs to select gear ratio. Automatic transmissions that allow the driver
Manual transmission
7155031
Ford C3 transmission The Ford C3 transmission and its descendants are a family of light-duty longitudinal automatic transmissions built by the Ford Motor Company. The Bordeaux Automatic Transmission Plant, in Blanquefort, France (in the Bordeaux metropolitan area) produces automatic transmissions for a variety of rear-wheel drive vehicles. The facility opened in 1973 and was shortly followed by an expansion, the Bordeaux Transaxle Plant, in 1976 to focus on automatic transmissions for front-wheel drive Fords. Bordeaux Automatic Transmission's first product was the C3 3-speed automatic transmission for the Ford Pinto. The C3 design was succeeded by the A4LD 4-speed automatic during
Ford C3 transmission
4615837
low-priced automobile; in contrast, Ford did not offer their automatic transmission until 1951, while Plymouth car buyers had to wait until 1954. The transmission was simple and very durable, which satisfied customers. The 1950, 1951, and 1952 Powerglide transmissions did not automatically shift between low and high (direct drive) which made for very sluggish take-offs and many drivers started in "Low" and shifted to "Drive" at about , which was hard on the transmission. The 1953 and later units when in "Drive" started in low and automatically up shifted to high at a speed determined by the throttle opening. By
Powerglide
2182246
sensitivity of timing a simultaneous clutch release/apply on two planetaries, simply "taking up" the drivetrain load when actuated, and releasing automatically when the next gear's sprag clutch assumes the torque transfer. The bands come into play for manually selected gears, such as low range or reverse, and operate on the planetary drum's circumference. Bands are not applied when drive/overdrive range is selected, the torque being transmitted by the sprag clutches instead. Bands are used for braking; the GM Turbo-Hydramatics incorporated this.. Uses special transmission fluid sent under pressure by an oil pump to control various clutches and bands modifying the
Automatic transmission
4615836
Powerglide The Powerglide is a two-speed automatic transmission designed by General Motors. It was available primarily on Chevrolet from January 1950 through 1973, although some Pontiac models also used this automatic transmission after the fire at the Hydra-Matic factory in 1953. Powerglides were used extensively on Pontiacs produced for the Canadian market with Chevrolet powertrains. They were also used with Nova engines in the DJ-5A jeeps produced 1968-1970 by Willys and widely used as delivery vehicles by the United States Post Office. When introduced on upper-level Chevrolet models in 1950, the Powerglide represented the first automatic transmission offered in a
Powerglide
17125713
Chicago. On his arrival in Ellis Island, Asatour Sarafian took up the name Oscar Banker and began working for a shop that specialized in machinery. While working at the machine shop, Banker invented a saw-filing machine. After his first invention, Banker dedicated his life to inventing. When General Motors incorporated the semi-automatic transmission system, the mechanism had many flaws. Oscar Banker proposed an automatic transmission system for the company that would be more safe and durable. After battling for eight years with automobile engineering companies, Banker's proposition was accepted and his automatic transmission was adopted by General Motors. Eventually, Banker
Oscar H. Banker
14100643
Ford PowerShift transmission The Ford PowerShift is a six-speed dual clutch semi-automatic transmission produced by the Ford Motor Company. The Ford PowerShift gearboxes are built by Getrag Ford Transmissions, a joint-venture with Getrag. PowerShift improves fuel efficiency by as much as 10 percent when compared to a conventional automatic transmission. The operation of a dual clutch transmission is analogous to two traditional manual transmissions, each with its own clutch, operating in parallel and alternating shifts. The Ford unit is a six-speed with one clutch acting on first, third and fifth gear, and the other used for second, fourth and sixth
Ford PowerShift transmission
7155276
rumble strips) where converter tries to maintain a steady slip rate during lock-up, but alternates between slipping and grabbing. Frequent fluid changes, especially when used for towing, are the single best method to prevent shudder. Shudder occurs because the torque converter never fully enters "lock-up", and ends up bouncing in and out of lock-up to slip. This causes the engine to flare up and then down again as the clutch cannot hold back the power of the engine. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 to 2008 LINCOLNSONLINE.COM Ford AOD transmission The AOD (automatic overdrive) is a four-speed automatic transmission with overdrive.
Ford AOD transmission
3521937
market, very few models have "two" choices of automated transmissions; for instance the BMW 545i (E60) and BMW 645Ci/650i (E63/64) (standard 6-speed manual) had as an option a 6-speed automatic "Steptronic" transmission or a 7-speed Getrag SMG III single-clutch semi-automatic transmission until after the 2008 model year, when the SMG III was dropped. Many sport luxury manufacturers such as BMW offer the manumatic transmissions for their mainstream lineup (such as the BMW 328i and BMW 535i) and the semi-automatic gearbox for their high-performance models (the BMW M3 and BMW M5). The semi-automatic transmission may be derived from a conventional automatic;
Semi-automatic transmission
7155266
Ford AOD transmission The AOD (automatic overdrive) is a four-speed automatic transmission with overdrive. Introduced in 1980, it was Ford's first four-speed automatic overdrive transmission. The gearset design is based on the Ford "X" automatic transmissions used during the 1950s, 60s, and 70s. The AOD replaced many of Ford's older transmissions such as the C4, C5, and light duty applications of the FMX. In 1962 Ford began working on a new type of automatic transmission that would emphasize fuel economy and driveability. The new transmission was built around the Ravigneaux planetary gearset of the "X" transmissions. Where many transmissions had
Ford AOD transmission
2182255
fundamentally be described as two separate manual transmissions (with their respective clutches) contained within one housing, and working as one unit. They are usually operated in a fully automatic mode, and many also have the ability to allow the driver to manually shift gears in semi-automatic mode, albeit still using the transmission's electro-hydraulics. Also known as semi-automatic transmission (SAT) and several other names, this automatic transmission type utilizes a regular clutch and gear setup but automates the action by the use of sensors, actuators, processors, and pneumatics. The AMTs were born out of the need to make automatic cars affordable
Automatic transmission
11070866
the cars had manual or automatic transmission. When the victim told him that the car had a manual transmission, the victim was able to convince Herbin to call paramedics. Herbin pretended to call for assistance and eventually did call paramedics. He first told authorities that she was injured in the kitchen, and then he told the authorities that he was trying to commit suicide and she was injured trying to save him. At trial, Herbin testified that he felt disturbed that day and had no memory of what happened except seeing the victim sitting in a pool of blood. He
Settled insanity
5996915
automatically shift gears at the right points (like an automatic transmission), while others require the driver to manually select the gear even when the engine is at the redline. Despite superficial similarity, clutchless manual transmission differ significantly in internal operation and driver's 'feel' from manumatics, the latter of which is an automatic transmission (automatics use a torque converter instead of clutch to manage the link between the engine and the transmission) with ability to signal shifts manually. In 1984, Isuzu introduced the "NAVi5", a semi-automatic gearbox with electronically controlled hydraulics, for their domestic-market Aska. Initially available with an automatic mode
Electrohydraulic manual transmission
10475839
off the floor. In order to shift into gear, the clutch must be half way off the floor, otherwise the clutch brake will prevent the transmission from being shifted into or out of gear. Mechanics must often repair or replace the "clutch brake" in a non-synchronous transmission when an inexperienced operator wears it out, it becomes inoperable, or has lost its function. "Non-synchronous transmissions" are designed to depend upon an operator experienced in changing gears. The operators must understand how to shift the transmission into and out of gear. Many learn how to do this in certifying schools. All "automatic
Non-synchronous transmission
2060445
edition. Like each year of the XRS model, the M-Theory was a limited production run of 2500 cars. All wheel drive was also available from 2003–2006 when coupled to the 1ZZ engine and automatic transmission, but was dropped at the same time as the XRS. Starting out at in 2003, the no-frills base model came with few options. While it did have standard air conditioning, it left out features like color-keyed mirrors and door handles, blacked out window frames and power mirrors. One option the base model could be had with was AWD for an additional $1,465 (although the actual
Toyota Matrix
2858915
lumbar/seat back side bolster adjustment. Both engines featured dual overhead cam designs with the choice of a 5-speed manual transmission or a 4-speed automatic transmission. Two automatic transmissions were available in the Probe. At first both engines shared the same automatic transmission, the Ford F-4EAT transmission, but from 1994 onwards this changed. The V6 engine continued to use the 4EAT, but the 2.0 L I4 engine used a different automatic transmission, the Ford CD4E transmission. It was sourced by Ford, and manufactured at Ford's Batavia Transmission plant in Batavia, Ohio. A new SE (Sport Edition) trim level was available for
Ford Probe
4608914
in 1974 as a result of rising gas prices. The transmission was introduced when Ford downsized its full size line for 1979. Initially called XT-LOD (Extension Lock-Up Overdrive), its name was changed when revisited in 1974 to FIOD (Ford Integrated Overdrive) and then to its final name in 1979, the Ford AOD transmission. Cruise-O-Matic Ford-O-Matic was the first automatic transmission widely used by Ford Motor Company. It was designed by the Warner Gear division of Borg Warner Corporation and introduced in 1951 model year cars. In contrast to Detroit Gear Division's three band automatic originally designed for Studebaker which became
Cruise-O-Matic
12799732
up at the bottom center of the instrument cluster when the system is ready to be used. The car would then start in 2nd gear, and not 1st, then as the car gained speed would shift up to 3rd, locking out 4th gear. The transmission's computer also splits the delivered torque 50:50 between the front and rear wheels. Once the car stopped, the transmission would start back in 2nd and not 1st, until the system was disengaged with the "Manual" button or upshifting to 4th. The automatic transmission also has engine over-rev protection by shifting the transmission to the next
Subaru Legacy (first generation)
3046345
less effective engine-braking. This means that the engine does not slow the vehicle as effectively when the automatic transmission driver releases the engine speed control. This leads to more usage of the brakes in vehicles with automatic transmissions, bringing shorter brake life. Brakes are also more likely to overheat in hilly or mountainous areas, causing reduced braking ability, brake fade, and the potential for complete failure with the automatic transmission vehicle. Vehicles with a manual transmission can often be push started when the starter motor is not operational, usually due to a low battery. For most people, there is a
Manual transmission
7155040
gear ratio. Entry-level models of the 2008 Ford FG Falcon were the newest recipients of the 5R55 transmission. Applications: Ford C3 transmission The Ford C3 transmission and its descendants are a family of light-duty longitudinal automatic transmissions built by the Ford Motor Company. The Bordeaux Automatic Transmission Plant, in Blanquefort, France (in the Bordeaux metropolitan area) produces automatic transmissions for a variety of rear-wheel drive vehicles. The facility opened in 1973 and was shortly followed by an expansion, the Bordeaux Transaxle Plant, in 1976 to focus on automatic transmissions for front-wheel drive Fords. Bordeaux Automatic Transmission's first product was the
Ford C3 transmission
2182241
transmission for a passenger vehicle to market. In 2017 Toyota unveiled the Lexus LC coupe with the world’s first ten-speed automatic transmission in a production car. General Motors and Ford followed soon after with their co-developed ten-speed automatic transmission for the Cadillac Escalade, Cadillac CT6, Chevrolet Camaro, Chevrolet Tahoe models for GM and the Ford Mustang, Ford F-150, Lincoln Navigator, Ford Ranger (T6) and Ford Everest models for Ford. The predominant form of automatic transmission is hydraulically operated; using a fluid coupling or torque converter, and a set of planetary gearsets to provide a range of gear ratios. Hydraulic automatic
Automatic transmission
7311829
apply a higher tax rate for less-fuel-efficient vehicles. To determine the tax rate, manufacturers test all the vehicles at their laboratories for fuel economy. The US Environmental Protection Agency confirms a portion of those tests at an EPA lab. In some cases, this tax may apply only to certain variants of a given model; for example, the 2004–2006 Pontiac GTO (captive import version of the Holden Monaro) did incur the tax when ordered with the four-speed automatic transmission, but did not incur the tax when ordered with the six-speed manual transmission. Two separate fuel economy tests simulate city driving and
Fuel economy in automobiles
17125711
Oscar H. Banker Oscar H. Banker (born Asatour Sarafian; May 31, 1895 – January 1979) was an Armenian American inventor who patented a number of works, including an automatic transmission for automobiles, the needleless inoculation gun, the primary controls of the first Sikorsky helicopter, and power steering. He is considered by some as the "father of automatic transmission." He is accredited as the inventor of the first practical automatic transmission, though Alfred Horner Munro of Canada patented an automatic transmission 14 years before Banker. (Munro's invention relied on the medium of compressed air and therefore lacked power and was never
Oscar H. Banker
2890736
to operate at a lower RPM for a given road speed. This allows the vehicle to achieve better fuel efficiency, and often quieter operation on the highway. When it is switched on, an automatic transmission can shift into overdrive mode after a certain speed is reached (usually 70+ km/h [40-45 mph or more] depending on the load). When it is off, the automatic transmission shifting is limited to the lower gears. Overdrive should usually be selected when the average speed is above 70 km/h (40-45 mph). The automatic transmission automatically shifts from OD to direct drive when more load is
Overdrive (mechanics)
7207108
decided to only give tax exemptions to hybrid cars with a maximum of 1.8 litre engines, leaving out both the Fortuner and Hybrid Highlander, in consequence the Fortuner again lost market share but gained back position vs Highlander. Current versions sold in Ecuador: Fortuner 4×4 with a 2.7 L I4 engine. 162 Hp 256 Nm @ 3800 rpm Fortuner 4×4 with a 4.0 L V6 engine. 234Hp 376 Nm @ 3800 rpm All of them come standard with a 5-speed manual transmission or an optional 4-speed automatic transmission. The Fortuner was unveiled in Egypt in 2010 and launched in 2011.
Toyota Fortuner
7193491
Transmission control unit A transmission control unit or TCU is a device that controls modern electronic automatic transmissions. A TCU generally uses sensors from the vehicle as well as data provided by the engine control unit (ECU) to calculate how and when to change gears in the vehicle for optimum performance, fuel economy and shift quality. Electronic automatic transmissions have been changing in design from purely hydromechanical controls to electronic controls since the late 1980s. Since then, development has been iterative and today designs exist from several stages of electronic automatic transmission control development. Transmission solenoids are a key component
Transmission control unit
18888016
a 6-speed manual transmission. The 850i/850Ci (V12) models each carry either a 4-speed automatic transmission or a 6-speed manual transmission, a 5-speed automatic transmission was fitted from mid-1994. The 850CSi model only came with a 6-speed manual transmission. 2017 United States Environmental Protection Agency estimates for cars equipped with automatic transmission. 840Ci 850Ci For the 850i, 1991 Sport Model specifically the On-Board computer will typically read 24.6L/100 km when the car is often used under heavy acceleration. These figures could be similar if not slightly less/more for more newer versions of the 850i Sport. The 830i was a prototype that
BMW 8 Series (E31)
2864668
1700 Type 4 became standard for US spec models. In the Type 2, the Type 4 engine, or “pancake engine”, was an option for the 1972 model year onward. This engine was standard in models destined for the US and Canada. Only with the Type 4 engine did an automatic transmission become available for the first time in the 1973 model year. Both engines displaced 1.7 L, DIN-rated at with the manual transmission and with the automatic. The Type 4 engine was enlarged to 1.8 L and DIN for the 1974 model year and again to 2.0 L and DIN
Volkswagen Type 2
8647763
modifications such as rear mount provisions and different cooling shroud arrangements, In the Type 2, the Volkswagen Type 4 engine was an option from 1972. This engine was standard in models destined for the US and Canada. Only with the Type 4 engine did an automatic transmission become available for the first time in 1973. Both engines displaced 1.7 litres, rated at with the manual transmission, and with the automatic. The Type 4 engine was enlarged to 1.8 litres and in 1974, and again to 2.0 litres and in 1976. As with all Transporter engines, the focus in development was
Volkswagen air-cooled engine
3521960
did not circulate via a pump, and also had no oil cooler. Idling in gear for even short periods would overheat the oil and burn up the seals in the converter, which would then need to be replaced. The Smart Fortwo employs an automated manual transmission designed and manufactured by Getrag to eliminate the clutch pedal. The first generation used a six-speed version, and the second generation used a five-speed version, model 5AMT130. Input from floor-mounted shifter or optional steering-wheel-mounted paddles controls a servo-operated clutch and sequential automated gearbox. The vehicle may be driven in automatic mode or via paddle
Semi-automatic transmission
3040574
4000 was first introduced for the 1980 model year, with a 1588 cc inline-four with . This engine came in for some criticism, being somewhat buzzy and underpowered for a car in this price segment. Audi did not offer an automatic transmission, as the engine could not quite cope. A five-speed transmission was also not available until the 1981 model year. For 1981, the 4000 received a long-stroke 1.7-litre engine and a standard five-speed manual (with a three-speed automatic still available). The new engine was a fifty-state version with a three-way catalyst, and power dropped to . Nonetheless, more torque
Audi 80
10861849
Renault's 50th Formula One win. The FW15C used a semi automatic transmission very similar to the FW14B, but with changes to the hydraulic activation system. A press button starting device by means of which the clutch comes under automatic control, attracted the drivers unreserved approval during a succession of tests, but they did not use it in races, preferring the notional, psychological reassurance of controlling the clutch pedal at the start. The transmission also featured an automatic system. If the "auto-up" button is pressed, which could be at any time on the circuit, it will do automatic changes until the
Williams FW15C
3963370
locally built V8 engines could then be ordered with any manual or automatic transmission across the range, excepting the Holden Brougham which was always specified as a 308 automatic. A new locally manufactured three-speed automatic transmission, the "Tri-Matic", was introduced late in the life of the HT range, except on HT Brougham which retained the two-speed automatic "Powerglide" transmission. The HG series of July 1970 was a minor refinement of the existing formula, adopted as the marketing platform for the new three-speed automatic transmission option called "Tri-Matic". The first of these locally made transmissions actually found their way into the
Holden Kingswood
626034
a pioneer in introducing a four-speed semi-automatic transmission called the "Automatic Safety Transmission", although this accessory was actually built by Buick, which would offer it in its own cars in 1938. This transmission features a conventional clutch pedal, which the driver presses before selecting either "low" or "high" range. In "low," the car shifts between first and second gears. In "high," the car shifts among first, third and fourth gears. For the 1940 model, Oldsmobile was the first auto manufacturer to offer a fully automatic transmission, called the "Hydramatic", which features four forward speeds. It has a gas pedal and
Oldsmobile
1909006
the chairman's report to the shareholders at their Annual General Meeting that month. According to the same report, "more than 11,000 vehicles" were using the transmission by that time. Daimler would continue to develop and use these transmissions until 1956, when Borg-Warner fully automatic units were offered initially as an alternative but later as standard. The Lanchester Sprite, a 1.6 L car with a unit body and Hobbs fully automatic gearbox, was shown at the British International Motor Show at Earls Court in 1954. Problems with the transmission and other systems were never fully sorted out, and the Sprite was
Daimler Company
4526887
or reinstall such a unit, as they, too, were quite heavy when compared to other contemporary units. In the end, the true Hydramatic was rendered obsolete because of its cost, both in raw materials used as well as the machining needed. The successor, Turbo Hydramatic, was a much simpler, lighter and cheaper, if less efficient, transmission. Hydramatic Hydramatic (also known as Hydra-Matic) is an automatic transmission developed by both General Motors' Cadillac and Oldsmobile divisions. Introduced in 1939 for the 1940 model year vehicles, the Hydramatic was the first mass-produced fully automatic transmission developed for passenger automobile use. During the
Hydramatic
2182261
the higher ratio if the engine reaches its maximum permissible speed in the selected range. Some automatics, particularly those fitted to larger capacity or high torque engines, either when "2" is manually selected, or by engaging a winter mode, will start off in second gear instead of first, and then not shift into a higher gear until returned to "D." Also note that as with most American automatic transmissions, selecting "2" using the selection lever will not tell the transmission to be in only 2nd gear; rather, it will simply limit the transmission to 2nd gear after prolonging the duration
Automatic transmission
12801909
the system was upshifted to 4th. Japanese models with automatic transmission include a "Power/Econo" button that was previously installed on the gear selector has been relocated to the transmission surround on the right side, due to a redesign of the automatic transmission gear shift handle. The automatic transmission also has the ability to change the shift points, and hold the gears longer when the engine is operating at higher RPM. This is achieved by pressing the accelerator pedal rapidly, which causes the transmission to hold the gear until 5000 rpm before shifting to the next gear. No indicator light appears
Subaru Legacy (third generation)
4158858
with an all-new Real-Time all-wheel-drive (AWD) with intelligent control system. All North American Honda CR-Vs come equipped with a 5-speed automatic transmission. The facelifted 2015 model year CR-V went on sale during October 2014. The CR-V uses the direct injected "Earth Dreams" engine and continuously variable transmission (CVT) transmission combination first introduced on the ninth generation Accord, EPA estimated fuel economy is improved +4/+3/+3 mpg (city/highway/combined). The structure has been modified to improve crash performance, particularly in the IIHS's small offset crash test. The suspension shock absorbers, springs, anti-roll bars and lower control arms are also revised to improve ride
Honda CR-V
14237834
as confusion of pedals. CBS did not acknowledge the test results of involved government agencies, but did acknowledge the similar results of another study. With the series of recall campaigns, Audi made several modifications; the first adjusted the distance between the brake and accelerator pedal on automatic-transmission models. Later repairs, of 250,000 cars dating back to 1978, added a device requiring the driver to press the brake pedal before shifting out of park. As a byproduct of sudden unintended acceleration, vehicles now include gear stick patterns and brake interlock mechanisms to prevent inadvertent gear selection. Audi’s U.S. sales, which had
Sudden unintended acceleration
7233089
Hondamatic The Hondamatic (also called the H2) was Honda's first automatic transmission. It was produced from 1973 through 1979. The Hondamatic name is used on all automatic transmissions from Honda. The original Hondamatic, like all following Honda automatics, featured sliding gears on parallel axes rather than planetary gears like most other automatic transmissions. The design preserved engine braking by eliminating a sprag between the first and second gears. Shifting between 1st and 2nd gears was done by simply sliding the gear selector from 1 to 2. It did not automatically shift, but because of the torque converter, could be driven
Hondamatic
11108471
offered in the country; instead, the base models come with the 1.0 liter three cylinder gasoline engine while the 1.2 liter four cylinder engine is reserved for the range topping L automatic transmission model. The Grand i10 offers host of features, like dual toned interiors, enlarged cabin space, keyless entry, push button on/off and auto folding outside mirrors that automatically open and fold when car is unlocked and locked. In addition, the car is equipped with rear AC vents and 1GB internal memory to store music, which are both first in its segment. In the beginning of 2014, Hyundai released
Hyundai i10
12799735
wheels to compensate. When braking or driving downhill, the vehicle's weight shifts towards the front, reducing rear wheel traction. The transmission again compensates by sending torque to the front wheels for better steering control and braking performance. If the automatic is placed in Reverse or "1st" gear, the transmission divides the torque 50:50 to both front and rear wheels. A limited slip rear differential was standard on the 1991 US Sport Sedan (Legacy Turbo). However it was only available as an add on for the 92–94 US Turbo. The automatic transmission also has the ability to change the shift points,
Subaru Legacy (first generation)
3046356
transmission. In most cases where both transmissions are available for a given model of vehicle, automatics are an at-cost option, but in some cases the reverse is true. Some vehicles, such as rentals and taxicabs, are nearly universally equipped with automatic transmissions in countries such as the United States, but the opposite is true in Europe. As of 2008, 75.2% of vehicles made in Western Europe were equipped with manual transmission, versus 16.1% with automatic and 8.7% with other. When a driver passes their driving test using a vehicle with an automatic transmission, in some jurisdictions; the resulting driving licence
Manual transmission
2705702
were installed as standard equipment and are located behind the glove compartment. In the second year of production, the Acura TL was given slightly more features, including a 5-speed automatic transmission with SportShift. The added gear allowed for slightly better fuel economy and acceleration when compared to the previous 4-speed automatic transmission with SportShift. With this model, if the driver forgets the 1-2 shift the computer will take over when in sport mode and do the 1-2 up and down shifts, unlike the 4-speed 1999 model. In many vehicles, the 5-speed automatic transmission failed: as the third clutch pack wore,
Acura TL
8922125
Autostick The name Autostick has been used both for a Volkswagen semi-auto transmission and a system designed by Chrysler which allows for manual selection of gears with an automatic transmission. Another similar system designed by Porsche is called Tiptronic. These systems are also called "Manu-Matic" transmissions. Marketed as the "Volkswagen Automatic Stickshift", the three speed manual transmission was connected to a vacuum-operated automatic clutch. The top of the gear shift was designed to easily depress and activate an electric switch, i.e. when engaged by the drivers hand. When pressed, the switch operated a 12 volt solenoid in turn operating the
Autostick
10972050
battery providing some electricity since fuel injection systems must have power to operate. A vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission (including semi automatic) is difficult to push start since selection of transmission gears is possible only when the internals of such a gearbox are rotating. However, automatics with both front and rear hydraulic pumps can be push-started with no problems. The last American automobile with this type of transmission was the 1969 Chevrolet Corvair with a Powerglide automatic. A diesel engine uses heat and high compression (compression ratios commonly 22:1 versus 9:1 for gasoline) to ignite the fuel. When normally
Push start
3521946
unit. After 1971, Chevrolet cancelled semi-automatic Torque Drive. Historically, the first semi-automatic transmission which was marketed by a major manufacturer was the 1941 M4/Vacamatic Transmission by Chrysler. It was an attempt to compete against rivals' automatic transmissions, though it still had a clutch, it was primarily used to change range. The main difference was the addition of a fluid coupling between engine and clutch, and the shifting mechanism. In normal driving, the clutch was used to select low, high or reverse. Attached to the transmission was an "underdrive" with a reduction gear of 1.75/1. The shift lever was column-mounted and
Semi-automatic transmission
8362404
six-speed automatic transmission would be mated to SH-AWD, as well as being the first six-speed automatic transmission introduced in either the Acura or Honda line up. One week later, Acura announced a similar six-speed automatic transmission and SH-AWD with the 2010 Mid Model Change (MMC) refresh for the second generation Acura MDX. In December 2010, the 2011 Acura RL was announced with a second Mid Model Change, featuring, among other things, a six-speed automatic transmission. On November 30, 2011, as part of the publicity surrounding the 2011 Tokyo Auto Show, Honda announced a new implementation of SH-AWD as part of
SH-AWD
2042499
V8 making when mated to a 3-speed manual transmission or when mated to a "Ford-O-Matic" 2-speed automatic transmission; this transmission featured a "low gear", which was accessible only via the gear selector. When in "Drive", it was a 2-speed automatic transmission (similar to Chevrolet's Powerglide).(Low gear could also be accessed with wide open throttle.) The Thunderbird was revised for 1957 with a reshaped front bumper, a larger grille and tailfins, and larger tail lamps. The instrument panel was heavily re-styled with round gauges in a single pod, and the rear of the car was lengthened, allowing the spare tire to
Ford Thunderbird
13716156
The Millionaire Calculator The Millionaire calculator was the first commercially successful mechanical calculator that could perform a direct multiplication. It was in production from 1893 to 1935 with a total of about five thousand machines manufactured. The principle of a calculation machine with progressive transmission of tens was invented by Chebyshev and demonstrated at the 1878 World's fair in Paris. In 1881 Chebyshev demonstrated a model of the calculation machine with automatic multiplication but did not take out a patent for it. In 1834 Luigi Torchi of Milan invented a direct multiplication machine. The first patented multiplying machines was due
The Millionaire Calculator
3521968
open road. The clutch disengaged when the selector was touched. Multimode manual transmission and Lexus: E-Shift. For the 1968 model year, the Volkswagen Beetle offered an optional transmission marketed as Automatic Stickshift which was essentially a three-speed manual without a clutch pedal. Application of the driver's hand to gearshift knob caused the clutch to disengage via a 12 volt solenoid operating the vacuum clutch, thereby allowing shifting between gears. Once the driver's hand was removed, the clutch would re-engage automatically. The transmission was also equipped with a torque converter, allowing the car to idle in gear, like an automatic. The
Semi-automatic transmission
1925871
States, and little better in Canada. While promoted as a luxury car, it did not have the basic features that American buyers expected to find on such a vehicle, such as an automatic transmission, air conditioning, power windows, or a powerful engine. The DS was designed specifically to address the French market, with punitive tax horsepower taxation of large engines, as well as very poor roads – it's no great mystery that it was a fish out of water when those constraints were removed. Further harming the DS' prospects on the other side of the Atlantic was an inadequate supply
Citroën DS
18232265
reserves proved inadequate. Poorly adjusted engines could easily flood with fuel when attempting to restart while coasting and become unusable until dried out. Fuel management has since become so sophisticated this ceased to be a problem with the introduction of high quality fuel injection systems. There was the appeal of the "power everything" car which automatically started its engine. Many early automatics had no lock up of their transmission, for example Dynaflow, Powerglide and Ultramatic though Hydramatic did. These US manufacturers provided Startix as original equipment during the 1930s: Cord Startix The Startix automatic engine starting mechanism was a relay
Startix
12539300
ambulance services, through what would become known as a common Public-safety answering point (PSAP). The technology would also continue to evolve, resulting in Enhanced 9-1-1 including the ability to 'lock' telephone lines on emergency calls, preventing accidental disconnection, and Automatic Number Identification/Automatic Location Identification (ANI/ALI), which permits the dispatcher to verify the number originating the call (screening out potential false alarms), and identifying the location of the call, against the possibility of the caller becoming disconnected or unconscious. As the skill set of those in the ambulance increased, so did the importance of information. Ambulance service moved from 'first come...first
Emergency medical dispatcher
2071773
radical cam from the 440 Super Commando and a .25 raise in compression to 10.5:1 (vs. 10.25:1 with the 383). When air conditioning was ordered, the cars received the version, as the radical cam specs of the version did not create enough vacuum to accommodate air conditioning. A $714 option was the with 2X4 Carter AFB carburetors rated at @ 5000 rpm and @ 4000 rpm of torque. The standard equipment transmission was a 4-speed manual transmission with floor shifter and the three-speed TorqueFlite automatic transmission was optional. Early four-speed 1968 Road Runners featured Inland shifters, which were replaced by
Plymouth Road Runner
10591171
Borg-Warner 35 transmission The Borg-Warner 35 transmission (BW-35) is an automatic transmission produced by the BorgWarner company. This article also applies to variations—the M-36 and M-37. When this article refers to "M-3x" it refers to all models. When model number specific it will use the exact model number. The "3" in the number refers to the specific series of transmission. The M-3x, 4x, 5x and 6x transmissions are all aluminum cased transmissions that are related to the M-35 (the first of the aluminum Borg-Warner automatics). In this case the rising series number is relative to transmission strength—a larger number will
Borg-Warner 35 transmission
5024305
S400 CDI was changed in the W221 generation to S420. W220 was the first generation of S-Class, where automatic transmissions were standard on all models. At first, all cars had 5-speed 5G-Tronic transmission, since 2003 S430 and S500 were instead offered with the new 7-speed 7G-Tronic transmission. All model years used a 5-speed transmission until a 7-speed came out. In the U.S. market, the 7 speed was the standard transmission on S430 and S500 models in 2004, unless they had the four wheel drive (MB name: 4matic) option. Also, the S600 and AMG models still used the 5 speed transmission.
Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220)
7782776
the inconvenience to back seat passengers when luggage is loaded, ostensibly draughts. Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. Lancia had used Greek letters to denote its models before 1945, and the nomenclature was revived with the Lancia Beta in 1971, the first Lancia developed under Fiat supervision. The Gamma is also FWD and shared suspension elements from the Beta. The Gamma carries the γ (lower case gamma) emblem both inside and out. The Lancia Gamma was a front-wheel drive car with longitudinally-mounted boxer engine and with either a 5-speed manual transmission and later a 4-speed automatic transmission.
Lancia Gamma
5033683
map, each AIS transmitter will send out messages using one of the following schemes: The ITDMA access scheme allows a device to pre-announce transmission slots of non-repeatable character, ITDMA slots should be marked so that they are reserved for one additional frame. This allows a device to pre-announce its allocations for autonomous and continuous operation. ITDMA is used on three occasions: RATDMA is used when a device needs to allocate a slot, which has not been pre-announced. This is generally done for the first transmission slot, or for messages of a non-repeatable character. FATDMA is used by base stations only.
Automatic identification system
8803758
Caprice come standard with a Holden's 3.6-litre "SIDI" direct injection V6, paired with a six-speed automatic transmission with "Active Select". From the MY09.5 update until the 2015 WN, V8-powered Caprice variants were powered by a , 6.0-litre "Gen IV" V8, with Active Fuel Management (AFM) technology and matched with a six-speed automatic transmission with "Active Select". The WM Series II and WN Series I Caprice also offered the ability to run on bio-ethanol or E85. WN Series II models are solely powered by the "LS3" V8. In the safety aspect the Statesman comes with Bosch Electronic Stability Control, traction control,
Holden Caprice (WM)
15351237
direct-injection and Mazda’s i-stop start/stop technology, which will reduce emissions by 15 percent. Both engines include a six-speed manual transmission as standard, as well as new environmental friendly features. For 2012 the US Mazda5 comes with a 2.5-liter four-cylinder engine. A six-speed manual transmission is standard in the base model, with a five-speed automatic optional while both the Touring and the Grand Touring come with a five-speed automatic with manual mode. The third generation began production on 13 May 2010 and began sales in Japan on 1 July 2010. The Mazda5 comes in three grades: 20CS, 20E, and 20S. The
Mazda Premacy
7207112
come only with automatic transmission. The 2.5G was later added to the market and adds four-wheel drive powered by a 2.5 L diesel engine giving . It is mated to a 5-speed manual. In mid-2009, a new variant was added to the lineup, which is the 2.5G with a 4-speed automatic transmission. The 2.5G can be ordered with TRD Sportivo body kits, which is also available as dealer installed options for other models. As for 2014, Fortuner for Indonesia market available in 3 trims: G, V and TRD Sportivo with each trim consists : Toyota Jamaica launched the Fortuner in
Toyota Fortuner
4096688
class, it classifies as a mid-size sedan according to the EPA.) Newly introduced for 2017 is the ECO Trim, a package which replaces the standard engine with a lower displacement Turbocharged 1.4-liter DOHC Inline-4, "Kappa" engine along with a 7-speed dual clutch automatic transmission that improves MPG use for eco driving customers. Also new, the SE model has been noted to come standard with less features compared to the prior generation trim level, and includes a 2.0-liter "Nu" four cylinder engine and mated to either a 6-speed manual or 6-speed automatic transmission: The SE Popular Equipment package which includes alloy
Hyundai Elantra
1999975
a six-speed manual transmission, as well as an eight-speed conventional automatic transmission are both available. On higher trim levels, the Jetta also offers seventeen-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, and Volkswagen Driving Mode Selection. There is also Cross Differential System (XDS), but it is only available on the Jetta R Line. Safety features on the Jetta include an Intelligent Crash Response System (ICRS), and a standard safety cage. An automatic post-collision braking system, a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), as well as seven safety and stability-enhancing systems all come as standard equipment. Trim levels of the all-new Jetta are S, SE, R-Line, SEL,
Volkswagen Jetta
3007926
gears being free to turn relative to the mainshaft except when engaged by the clutches. Manual transmissions come in two basic types: The former type was standard in many vintage cars (alongside e.g. epicyclic and multi-clutch systems) before the development of constant-mesh manuals and hydraulic-epicyclic automatics, older heavy-duty trucks, and can still be found in use in some agricultural equipment. The latter is the modern standard for on- and off-road transport manual and semi-automatic transmission, although it may be found in many forms; e.g., non-synchronised straight-cut in racetrack or super-heavy-duty applications, non-synchro helical in the majority of heavy trucks and
Transmission (mechanics)
6831877
GM 4T40 transmission The 4T40-E and 4T45-E are a series of automatic transaxles from General Motors. Designed for transverse engine configurations, the series includes 4 forward gears. The 4Txx family replaced the Turbo-Hydramatic 125 transverse three speed automatic introduced in 1980. The "-E" series is electronically controlled and features an automatic overdrive transaxle with an electronically controlled torque converter clutch. Since the non-electronic versions of these transmissions does not exist, it is conventional to refer to these models as simply 4T40 and 4T45, leaving out the "-E". The 4T40 and 4T45 were assembled at Windsor Transmission in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
GM 4T40 transmission
3521951
marketed as 'C matic'. This was simpler than the DS implementation: instead of hydraulics it used a floor mounted quadrant lever operating conventional gear selector rods and an electrically controlled wet plate clutch in conjunction with a torque converter. The torque converter gave more of the feel of a conventional automatic transmission, which was completely lacking in the DS. Citroën semi-automatic transmission of this era made no use of electronics: the entire gear selecting operation was carried out by simply moving the gear lever from one ratio to the next. The smaller range of cars: C1, C2 and C3 have
Semi-automatic transmission