where did the widest tornado on record occur
El Reno , Oklahoma
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southern Oklahoma City metro area, a Doppler on Wheels situated near the tornado measured winds of momentarily in a small area inside the funnel approximately above ground level. These are also the highest wind speeds observed on Earth. On May 31, 2013, a tornado hit rural areas near El Reno, Oklahoma. The tornado was originally rated as an EF3 based on damage; however, after mobile radar data analysis was conducted, it was concluded to have been an EF5 due to a measured wind speed of greater than , second only to the Bridge Creek - Moore tornado. Revised RaXPol analysis
Tornado records
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path is now thought to be the longest tornado family, with a track of at least on May 26, 1917 from the Missouri border across Illinois into Indiana. It caused severe damage and mass casualties in Charleston and Mattoon, Illinois. What was probably the longest track supercell thunderstorm tracked across 6 states in 17.5 hours on March 12, 2006 as part of the March 2006 tornado outbreak sequence. It began in Noble County, Oklahoma and ended in Jackson County, Michigan, producing many tornadoes in Missouri and Illinois. Officially, the widest tornado on record is the El Reno, Oklahoma tornado of
Tornado records
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Channel. The storm broke records for depth of snow and lateness in the season, and was cited as the worst May snow since 1947. During mid- to late-May, the tornado outbreaks of May 18–21 and May 26–31 resulted in over 100 tornadoes, including an EF5 tornado in Moore, Oklahoma, and an EF3 tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma. The related storms also resulted in record-breaking rains in North Dakota, New York, and Vermont. The tornado that went through El Reno broke the record for widest tornado ever recorded, at 2.6 miles wide. The October 2013 North American storm complex was a
2013 extreme weather events
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Hallam, Nebraska on May 22, 2004, was up to wide at the ground, and a tornado in El Reno, Oklahoma on May 31, 2013 was approximately wide, the widest on record. In terms of path length, the Tri-State Tornado, which affected parts of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana on March 18, 1925, was on the ground continuously for . Many tornadoes which appear to have path lengths of or longer are composed of a family of tornadoes which have formed in quick succession; however, there is no substantial evidence that this occurred in the case of the Tri-State Tornado. In fact,
Tornado
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severe amount of disruption. This tornado was first spotted in Newcastle. It touched the ground for 39 minutes, crossing through a heavily populated section of Moore. Winds with this tornado peaked at . Twenty-three fatalities and 377 injuries were caused by the tornado. Sixty-one other tornadoes were confirmed during the storm period. Later on in the same month, on the night of May 31, 2013, another eight deaths were confirmed from what became the widest tornado on record which hit El Reno, Oklahoma, one of a series of tornadoes and funnel clouds which hit nearby areas. South Africa witnesses several
Supercell
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notable tornadoes of the outbreak was a wide wedge tornado that struck near El Reno, Oklahoma on the evening of May 31. It was the widest tornado ever recorded. The tornado was initially rated an EF5, with estimated winds being measured at > by a mobile Doppler radar; however, the worst damage was rated EF3, thus on August 30, 2013, the tornado's rating was downgraded to EF3. Eight deaths were attributed to this tornado including four storm chasers; TWISTEX project leader Tim Samaras, his son Paul, fellow chaser Carl Young, and amateur storm chaser Richard Charles Henderson. That same evening,
Tornadoes of 2013
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power for around one year before being converted to coal power plant. In May 2004, Hallam was struck by an F4 tornado, which killed one person, injured nearly 40 more, and destroyed most of the town. The tornado's path was wide, making it the widest tornado recorded up to that date. Its width was surpassed on May 31, 2013 by the 2.6 mile-wide wedge tornado that hit El Reno, Oklahoma. Hallam is located at (40.536725, -96.786761). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of
Hallam, Nebraska
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the tornado was an F3. After passing just northwest of Clatonia, the tornado moved through Hallam at 8:35pm CDT, where damage reached a high-end F4 in intensity. At Hallam, the tornado was a record-breaking wide (the widest tornado ever recorded at the time). Most houses in Hallam were completely demolished, along with farming equipment and structures. A coal train was tossed off its tracks on the west side of town. Hallam escaped the most intense winds of the storm though, which were to the south. East of Hallam, the tornado was rated a F2-3 as it turned east and began
2004 Hallam tornado
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to Bennet, where some houses received F3 tornadic damage. At Bennet, the twister turned east-northeast and began to thin out. Damage east-northeast of Bennet was within the F0/1 scale. The tornado finally dissipated a mile west-southwest of Palmyra at 9:10pm Central Daylight Time. The storm was long-lived, having been on the ground for more than 100 minutes. It was also a long-track tornado, covering . Although it damaged towns and demolished many buildings, there were no damage-cost estimates available. The Hallam tornado became the widest on record until it was barely surpassed on May 31, 2013 by the El Reno,
2004 Hallam tornado
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of the maximum winds (over ) was over as measured by a DOW radar. Although the tornado passed largely over rural terrain, the width of the wind swath capable of producing damage was as wide as . The F4 Hallam, Nebraska tornado during the outbreak of May 22, 2004 was the previous official record holder for the widest tornado, surveyed at wide. A similar size tornado struck Edmonson, Texas on May 31, 1968, when a damage path width between was recorded from an F3 tornado. The highest forward speed of a tornado on record was 73 miles per hour (117
Tornado records
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North America, held the record for the most prolific tornado outbreak for many years. Not only did it produce an exceptional number of tornadoes, but it was also an inordinately intense outbreak producing dozens of large, long-track tornadoes, including 7 F5 and 23 F4 tornadoes. More significant tornadoes occurred within 24 hours than any other week in the tornado record. Due to a secular trend in tornado reporting, the 2011 and 1974 tornado counts are not directly comparable. Most tornado outbreaks in North America occur in the spring, but there is a secondary peak of tornado activity in the fall
Tornado records
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El Reno to the west, an EF3 tornado occurred. This lattermost tornado, which was heading in the direction of Oklahoma City before it dissipated, had a width of , making it the widest tornado ever recorded. Additionally, winds of > were measured, one of the two highest wind records for a tornado. With of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month. According to the 2010 census, the racial composition of Oklahoma City was as follows:
Oklahoma City
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At its widest point, the tornado was wide. Following the tornado, 85 members of the U.S. National Guard were deployed to assist in search and rescue, debris clearing, security and traffic control. On April 27, 2014, three years and two days after this tornado, a violent EF4 tornado touched down west of Ferndale and moved along almost the same path as this tornado, causing 16 fatalities and many injuries. However, it affected more of Mayflower than this tornado did and caused greater damage all along the path, especially in Vilonia, before lifting near El Paso. The first EF5 tornado of
2011 Super Outbreak
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May 31, 2013 with a width of at its peak. This is the width found by the National Weather Service based on preliminary data from University of Oklahoma RaxPol mobile radar that also sampled winds of which was used to upgrade the tornado to EF5. However, it was revealed that these winds did not impact any structures, and as a result the tornado was downgraded to EF3 based on damage. However, another possible contender for the widest tornado as measured by radar was the F4 Mulhall tornado in north-central Oklahoma which occurred during the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak. The diameter
Tornado records
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2004 and the first of a series of tornado events. Most of the tornadoes occurred in Nebraska and Iowa. On that day, a warm, moist airmass was sitting over Nebraska while an upper level low developed in Colorado, with an attending dryline forming ahead of the advancing cold front. One person was killed in this outbreak, 38 were injured and there was $175 million in damage. The worst tornado was an F4 that struck Hallam, Nebraska. The F-4 tornado is ranked as one of the widest tornadoes on record, with the funnel stretching 2.5 miles (4 km) wide as it
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2004
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to be a new outbreak. A series of continuous or nearly continuous tornado outbreak days is a tornado outbreak sequence. Tornado outbreaks usually occur from March through June in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, the Midwestern United States, and the Southeastern United States in an area colloquially referred to as Tornado Alley. Tornado outbreaks do occur during other times of the year and in other parts of the world, however. A secondary less active and annually inconsistent tornado "season" in the U.S. occurs in late autumn. The largest tornado outbreak on record was the 2011 Super
Tornado outbreak
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thunderstorms, are frequent during the summer months. Although tornadoes seldomly occur there, an F2 tornado did hit North Bennington on May 31, 1998 during an extremely rare tornado outbreak in the region. The record high is , set in 1955. The record low is , set in 1994. July is typically the wettest month, and February is the driest. Bennington averages of snow annually. Bennington lies in USDA plant hardiness zone 5a. As of the 2010 US census, there were 15,764 people, 6,246 households, and 3,716 families residing in the town. The population density was 370.92 people per square mile
Bennington, Vermont
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parts of southern Oklahoma City and nearby suburbs suffered one of the most powerful tornadoes on record, an F5 on the Fujita scale, with wind speeds estimated by radar at . On May 20, 2013, far southwest Oklahoma City, along with Newcastle and Moore, was hit again by another EF5 tornado; that one was wide and killed 23 people. On May 31 of that same year, another outbreak affected the Oklahoma City area, including an EF1 and an EF0 within the city and a tornado several miles west of the city that was in width, the widest tornado ever recorded,
Climate of Oklahoma City
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2013 El Reno tornado The El Reno tornado was a very large EF3 tornado that occurred over rural areas of Central Oklahoma during the early evening of Friday, May 31, 2013. The widest tornado in recorded history, it was part of a larger weather system that produced dozens of tornadoes over the preceding days. The tornado initially touched down at 6:03 p.m. Central Daylight Time (2303 UTC) about west-southwest of El Reno, rapidly growing in size and becoming more violent as it tracked through central portions of Canadian County. Remaining over mostly open terrain, the tornado did not impact many
2013 El Reno tornado
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including damaging a number of homes as it cross Highways 415, 9 and Highways 15. The tornado rapidly narrowed and weakened as it crossed into Oktibbeha County, and dissipated north of the town of Sturgis after being on the ground for nearly 3 hours. The tornado tracked , making it the fourth longest in Mississippi history. The tornado was up to wide at its widest point, making it the widest tornado ever to tear through Mississippi. The ten fatalities and 146 injuries made it Mississippi's ninth deadliest tornado since 1900. The tornado was rated as an EF4, producing its most
Tornado outbreak of April 22–25, 2010
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"Those are my children. Why did this happen to me? I thought the world of those kids!" After 1971, when Dr. Ted Fujita introduced his scale that rates tornadoes based on the damage they cause, the Fargo tornado received an F5 rating, the highest level. The tornado had a long track which started in North Dakota, traveled 27.4 miles to the Minnesota border and continued for another 25 miles. The total track length of the tornado was 57.4 miles and at its widest, it was almost a mile across. The family of tornadoes was spawned by a supercell thunderstorm that
Fargo tornado
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moved southeast from Somerset County, Pennsylvania, where it was rated F3. The 1998 Eastern Tornado Outbreak stands out, because it spawned an unusually high number of supercell thunderstorms, occurrences of damaging winds and hail, and tornadoes, in the central Appalachian Mountain area, where most residents were unaccustomed to experiencing such violent thunderstorms that are commonly believed to only occur in Tornado Alley in the central part of the United States. June 2, 1998, began with very stable atmospheric conditions in the areas later affected by severe weather. Fair skies and near-record low temperatures were noted in the east-central U.S., with
1998 Eastern tornado outbreak
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the past several years, some VLT tornadoes and supercells did occur, with 12 tornadoes exceeding path lengths from 1980-2012 (and 60 since 1950). Yet the high end estimates of the Tri-State Tornado path length are still around twice as long as the nearest VLT tornado. On the other hand, meteorological analysis reveals no analogous event meaning that the Tri-State Tornado conditions were apparently unique. Exhaustive research published in 2013 found no definitive resolution, but did locate additional tornado sightings and damage west of the previously known beginning of the tornado and east of the previously known ending. The scientists concluded
Tri-State Tornado
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of Evergreen, Alabama, damaging several homes and injuring eight persons; one of the tornadoes tracked and was across at its widest, making it both the longest-tracked and widest tornado caused by Hurricane Audrey. Another tornado near Evergreen also swept up fish and crayfish, causing them to fall from the sky. Strong winds in Montgomery, Alabama uprooted trees, while south in Davenport, Alabama winds damaged a number of homes and injured several people. Gusts in the state peaked at in Birmingham, Alabama, and wind damage alone caused $200,000 in damage in the state. On the Mississippi Gulf Coast, winds and tidal
Hurricane Audrey
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7:00 pm, they recorded one measurement of , faster than the previous record. Though this reading is just short of the theoretical F6 rating, the measurement was taken more than in the air, where winds are typically stronger than at the surface. In rating tornadoes, only surface wind speeds, or the wind speeds indicated by the damage resulting from the tornado, are taken into account. Also, in practice, the F6 rating is not used. While scientists have long theorized that extremely low pressures might occur in the center of tornadoes, there were no measurements to confirm it. A few home
Tornado intensity
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an average of 52.7 nights of the year, and typically the coldest night will fall to Rainfall averages 591.8 mm a year, with daily totals of over 1 mm falling on 108.1 days of the year. Thunderstorms mostly occur during July and August; however, they can occur anytime of the year. All averages refer to the 30-year observation period 1981–2010. Chelmsford was struck by an F1/T2 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day, causing some damage in the city centre. John Dee, noted Elizabethan philosopher, magician and scientist and also responsible
Chelmsford
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Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999 The January 21–23, 1999 tornado outbreak was the largest tornado outbreak on record to occur during the month of January. The outbreak mostly took place across the Mississippi River Valley. Over the course of roughly two days, 127 tornadoes touched down across the region, resulting in widespread damage. Nine people were killed by the tornadoes. The outbreak is best known for an F3 that struck Little Rock, Arkansas, killing three people. On January 21, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a High risk of severe weather across much of central and eastern Arkansas, southwestern
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999
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a warming climate, this has changed. In 2013 and 2016 Sydney was under a tornado watch as a result of unusually powerful thunderstorms. On August 8, 2014 a funnel cloud appeared near the Sydney Airport although no tornado warning or tornado watch was issued and the funnel did not actually touch down (Source https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/wild-weather-prompts-tornado-watch-in-cape-breton-1.3018730) (http://www.capebretonpost.com/news/local/tornado-warning-has-ended-5027/) (http://thechronicleherald.ca/novascotia/1228180-stormy-weather-hits-nova-scotia). While occasional thunderstorms and other rains can occur in summer, June through August are Sydney's driest months on average. Sydney's average annual precipitation cycle reflects these realities; the year's driest month, on average, is July; its wettest month, on average, is December. Average annual
Sydney, Nova Scotia
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of a tornado frequency in this country on a regular basis, the three cases in nearly a month, has to do with changes in monsoon. Therefore, he said, it will conduct a study on the phenomenon to find the main reason why Malaysia is now seen as synonymous with the formation of a tornado that normally forms around the continental United States. "Tornado ever recorded hit several states around the peninsula in 2010 and located in Penang, Perlis and Selangor, but the incident did not occur as frequently as in Kedah since lately. "Whatever we will study the reasons for
Peninsula Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014
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from weakest, an EF0 tornado, to strongest, an EF5 tornado, by the damage the tornado caused to property and infrastructure. An EF0 tornado has winds from 65–85 MPH (105–137 KPH), may take off a roof or damage gutters, and can bring down tree limbs. If a tornado causes no damage because it did not occur in a populated area, it is always classed as EF0. An EF5 tornado has winds over 200 MPH (322 KPH) and can totally destroy reinforced concrete structures, even throwing rail cars a considerable distance. Until recently there was little hope of forecasting these systems. Meteorologists
Tornadoes in the United States
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winds that can reach 300 miles per hour. Although the weather channel can sometimes attempt to predict when an tornado will hit and where, sometimes they occur with little or no time for a warning to be given. Generally tornadoes occur near the trailing end of a thunderstorm and can sometimes be seen forming. It is a common misconception that tornadoes only occur in areas like Tornado Alley, however they have been observed on every continent except Antarctica. Since Tornadoes have the ability to strike quickly with no warning and cause extreme devastation American universities are learning to be aware
Emergency management in American universities
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possible. At midday, the risk area was extended to the Carolina Coast. Later that day, a high risk was issued for Northern Georgia and part of South Carolina. Two people were killed in Georgia by a tornado. A tornado emergency was also issued on the afternoon of March 15 for Atlanta and its immediate suburbs for a tornado that did not occur, although the extremely ominous rotating cloud was shown live on TV towercam. A low pressure system tracked across the southern Great Plains on the evening of March 30. Isolated supercells developed along the dryline in western Oklahoma in
Tornadoes of 2008
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and again as it crossed Highway 3 near the Crupp community. The tornado then moved through rural areas southwest of Yazoo City, causing major damage or total destruction of a number of homes, as well as intense tree damage. As the tornado approached the intersection of U.S. Route 49 and Highway 16 on the south side of Yazoo City, it reached its widest point and maximum intensity. Several buildings, including a church and several businesses, were totally destroyed or even flattened. The tornado continued moving through residential areas on the southeast side of Yazoo City, heavily damaging or destroying numerous
Tornado outbreak of April 22–25, 2010
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occur almost anywhere at any time if the conditions are right. Some geographic areas are simply more prone to these conditions than others. Some tornado myths are remaining bits of folklore which are passed down by word of mouth. The idea that the southwest corner of a structure is the safest place in a tornado was first published in the 1800s and persisted until the 1990s despite being thoroughly debunked in the 1960s and 70s. One notable instance of mass media spreading a tornado myth was after the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, where TIME magazine ran a caption on a
Tornado myths
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16 tornadoes occur in Alberta every year, and an average of 41 tornadoes occur each year in the Prairie Provinces. The highest death toll due to a single tornado in Alberta occurred on July 31, 1987, colloquially referred to as Black Friday. Canada ranks second in the world for tornado occurrences after the United States. Pine Lake tornado The Pine Lake tornado was a deadly tornado in central Alberta which occurred on Friday, July 14, 2000 and struck a campground and a trailer park. Twelve people were killed, making it the first deadly tornado in Canada since 1987, when an
Pine Lake tornado
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of the path were widened, with the widest part being about wide. At another point, the tornado caused ground scouring and downed trees in all directions. Most of the structural damage occurred to outbuildings and farm buildings. The tornado was first noted near the Hazlehurst area at 5:45 a.m. (CST). A number of families in Hazlehurst lived on a hill near a lumber pond. The tornado dumped 18 people into the pond, of which all became missing. Afterwards, the pond was drained to try recovering the missing bodies. In Shady Grove, several buildings were destroyed. In Copiah County, 11 people
1969 Hazlehurst tornado outbreak
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as the Eastern Plains. Severe storms began to occur across northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas and eastern Oklahoma during the late afternoon hours. Tornado watches extended from eastern Oklahoma to South Carolina and north to near Kansas City. One violent EF4 tornado killed 15 people in Missouri and six people in northeastern Oklahoma, with one other death from an EF1 tornado also in Missouri. Moderate to major damage was reported across Ottawa County, Oklahoma, and Newton County, Missouri, as well as in Stuttgart, Arkansas, and near McAlester, Oklahoma, where a tornado was caught on tape by a television crew from a
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 7–15, 2008
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less often severe winds knocking down trees and powerlines. In addition to snowstorms, ice storms, windstorms, heavy rainfall events associated with tropical storms or very severe thunderstorms, Tornadoes are rare, but do occur. Tornado warnings have been posted for the city on a few occasions in the past few years, however no touchdowns have been confirmed in the city since a weak tornado hit Scarborough in the mid-1990s. A pair of dangerous F2 tornados did touchdown in neighbouring Vaughan on August 20 during the 2009 tornado season. The tropical storm remnant of Hurricane Hazel caused 81 deaths in October 1954
Geography of Toronto
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generally minimal. More severe weather was expected on May 19, particularly over Oklahoma and North Texas. A high risk of severe weather and a PDS tornado watch was issued for central Oklahoma as a result. Numerous tornadoes were reported across the area, although only a few resulted in significant damage as a forecasted major tornado outbreak did not occur. The severe weather shifted north as a new low pressure system tracked across the northern Plains states on May 22. Isolated tornadoes were reported across portions of central South Dakota that afternoon. The most intense supercell produced a long-lived wedge tornado
Tornadoes of 2010
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houses, flipped cars, and even tossed one homeowner's Chrysler Fifth Avenue onto a neighbour's roof. The tornado lingered over the same area of Elie for approximately four minutes before it cut sharply to the south and rapidly dissipated. The tornado traveled about and was wide at its widest during its 40-minute lifespan. The tornado repeatedly struck essentially the same area of town, destroying most of the structures and vehicles in the area. The people in Elie were prepared and took the necessary precautions during the event. A video of the tornado shows an entire two-story home swiped off its foundation
2007 Elie, Manitoba tornado
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pier foundations and destroyed with the debris strewn downwind. The tornado then exited the Paincourtville area and produced EF1 damage as it continued to the northeast. 45 structures were destroyed and 44 others were damaged in Assumption Parish. The tornado then crossed over the Mississippi River and continued at EF2 strength as it tracked into the parish of Saint James. Numerous trees were downed in this area and the tornado was at its widest at this point, with a damage path of up to . The tornado ripped directly through the Sugar Hill RV park near Convent with devastating results.
Tornado outbreak of February 23–24, 2016
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El Reno across Highway 81, it grew to an unprecedented width of , becoming the widest known tornado ever recorded in the United States. At 6:28 p.m. CDT (2328 UTC), the storm began moving into more densely populated areas of Canadian County while maintaining its intensity. This prompted the National Weather Service office in Norman to issue a tornado emergency for Yukon, Richland, Wiley Post Airport, Bethany, The Village, and eastern El Reno, as the tornado was projected to track toward western portions of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Within minutes, the tornado turned northeast and soon passed directly over
2013 El Reno tornado
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were moving at within the parent tornado. Their Chevrolet Cobalt was distinguishable as a vehicle to the first responding sheriff's deputy only due to its single intact wheel, as it had been compressed into a ball of metal after the tornado tumbled it approximately one-half mile (0.8 km). The tornado was sampled by University of Oklahoma RaXPol radar as wide, the widest tornado ever recorded. The true size of the multiple-vortex tornado confused onlookers by its mammoth proportions containing orbiting subvortices larger than average tornadoes and its expansive transparent to translucent outer circulation. The strong inflow and outer circulation winds
Tim Samaras
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hot day. If there is enough low level wind shear, the column of hot, rising air can develop a small cyclonic motion that can be seen near the ground. They are not considered tornadoes because they form during fair weather and are not associated with any clouds. However, they can, on occasion, result in major damage. Small-scale, tornado-like circulations can occur near any intense surface heat source. Those that occur near intense wildfires are called "fire whirls". They are not considered tornadoes, except in the rare case where they connect to a pyrocumulus or other cumuliform cloud above. Fire whirls
Tornado
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storm cellars, and the installation of tornado sirens. Tornado awareness, preparedness, and media weather coverage are also high. The southeastern United States is particularly prone to violent, long track tornadoes. Much of the housing in this region is less robust compared to other areas in the United States, and many people live in mobile homes. As a result, tornado-related casualties in the southern United States are particularly higher. Significant tornadoes occur less frequently than in the traditionally recognized tornado alley, however, very severe and expansive outbreaks occur every few years. The average tornado usually only stays on ground for 5
Tornado Alley
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the town of Hodges at 4:23 p.m. CDT (2123 UTC). The damage path was long and wide at its widest point, and it killed a total of 23 people along its path. 137 other people were injured. 2011 Smithville, Mississippi tornado On Wednesday, April 27, 2011, an extremely violent EF5 wedge tornado, with estimated winds of up to , struck the town of Smithville, Mississippi at 3:47 p.m. CDT (2047 UTC) on April 27, resulting in catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities. The environmental conditions leading up to the April 2011 Super Outbreak were among the "most conducive to violent tornadoes
2011 Smithville, Mississippi tornado
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Satellite tornado A satellite tornado is a tornado that rotates around a larger, primary tornado and interacts with the same mesocyclone. Satellite tornadoes occur apart from the primary tornado and are not considered subvortices; the primary tornado and satellite tornadoes are considered to be separate tornadoes. The cause of satellite tornadoes is not known. Such tornadoes are more often anticyclonic than are typical tornadoes and these pairs may be referred to as tornado couplets. Satellite tornadoes most commonly form in association with very large and intense tornadoes. Satellite tornadoes are relatively uncommon. When a satellite tornado does occur there is
Satellite tornado
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which had its beginning north west of Woodstock cut a swath all the way to Waterford of approximately 60 km and at its widest point near Oxford Centre was about 400m wide.Woodstock Tornado On the afternoon of June 2, 1998, a severe weather outbreak affected Southern Ontario. At around 3:50 pm, there was a report of a tornado touching down in Holbrook and heading straight for Norwich. The tornado hit Norwich around 4:05 pm, damaging trees, farm equipment, barns, houses, and the wooden Holy Trinity Anglican Church (1867). Three people were injured, and the next day, Environment Canada confirmed that
Norwich, Ontario
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of fencing were deeply embedded into the ground in fields near the high school as well, steel fence posts were bent to the ground in opposite directions, and a school bus was thrown into a nearby bus garage. The tornado then approached Range Line Road, the main commercial strip in the eastern part of Joplin, affecting additional neighborhoods along 20th Street. The now heavily rain-wrapped tornado continued at EF5 intensity as it crossed Range Line Road. In that corridor between about 13th and 32nd Streets, the damage continued to be catastrophic and the tornado was at its widest at this
2011 Joplin tornado
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impacted as the tornado approached and crossed into Franklin County. The tornado then dissipated near the town of Hodges at 4:23 p.m. CDT (2123 UTC). The damage path was long and wide at its widest point, and it killed a total of 23 people along its path. 137 other people were injured. This multiple-vortex EF4 tornado devastated portions of Jackson and DeKalb counties in Alabama, as well as Dade and Walker counties in Georgia along a path, killing 14 people and injuring at least 50 others. The tornado touched down north of Section, initially producing EF0 to EF1 tree damage.
2011 Super Outbreak
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Tornadoes of 1988 This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1988, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. The Tornado "Season" of 1988 was one of the least active on record. March and April saw unusually low activity, as did June. There were some notable outbreaks later in the year, including the Raleigh tornado which was probably the most publicized tornado event of the year. Confirmed
Tornadoes of 1988
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is closely tied with the progression of the warm season when warm and cold air masses often clash. Another criterion for the location of Tornado Alley (or Tornado Alleys) can be where the strongest tornadoes occur more frequently. Tornado Alley can also be defined as an area reaching from central Texas to the Canadian prairies and from eastern Colorado to western Pennsylvania. It has also been asserted that there are numerous Tornado Alleys. In addition to the Texas/Oklahoma/Kansas core, such areas include the Upper Midwest, the lower Ohio Valley, the Tennessee Valley and the lower Mississippi valley. Some studies suggest
Tornado Alley
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fields at University of Southern Mississippi, Oak Grove High School, and Hattiesburg High School. In Lamar County (where the tornado first touched down and was rated EF4), 51 homes were destroyed and another 170 suffered major damage. The tornado was slightly weaker in Forrest County (EF3); however, 192 homes were destroyed and 338 suffered major damage. The tornado injured 82 people (19 in Lamar County and 63 in Forrest County) and caused damage amounting to $38.525 million. This was the first violent tornado to occur in Lamar and Forrest Counties since April 24, 1908, in which 143 people were killed.
2013 Hattiesburg, Mississippi tornado
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road) where the upper carriageway has been carried on prestressed concrete planks resting on sidewall ledges. In the main tunnel there is a central length of where the span is typically greater than , and of note, there is no record of any road tunnel with spans greater than this where permanent roof support comprises rockbolts and shotcrete only and with vertical unsupported sidewalls of rock. The tunnel's claim to fame at the time it was built was that at across at its widest point, it was the widest tunnel in the world. This point occurs where the William Street
Eastern Distributor
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slow start to the tornado season, particularly in both Kansas and Oklahoma, the latter of which did not have a single recorded tornado during the first four months of 2018. A brief tornado in rural northeastern Oklahoma near the town of Buffalo, which touched down around 6:30 p.m. CDT that evening, set a record for the latest-observed first tornado in Oklahoma since state tornado records were first kept in 1950. On May 2, the Storm Prediction Center issued another moderate risk of severe weather, again with a 10% hatched risk of tornadoes across Kansas and Oklahoma. While low-level shear was
Tornadoes of 2018
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deadly in the 2013 El Reno tornado in which a 2.6 mile wide tornado shifted from an east direction to a northeast direction killing at least 4 storm chasers. It is often thought that tornadoes only occur in North America. The majority of tornadoes do occur in the United States; however, tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica. Besides North America, Argentina, Europe, Australia, the United Kingdom, western Russia, Bangladesh and the Philippines also experience tornadoes on a regular basis. There are many misconceptions involving the effect of terrain features—bodies of water, mountains, valleys, and others—on tornado formation
Tornado myths
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quadrant of landfalling tropical cyclones, which tend to occur in the late summer and autumn. Tornadoes can also be spawned as a result of eyewall mesovortices, which persist until landfall. Tornado occurrence is highly dependent on the time of day, because of solar heating. Worldwide, most tornadoes occur in the late afternoon, between 3 pm and 7 pm local time, with a peak near 5 pm. Destructive tornadoes can occur at any time of day. The Gainesville Tornado of 1936, one of the deadliest tornadoes in history, occurred at 8:30 am local time. The United Kingdom has the highest incidence
Tornado
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States from July 27 to July 28. On the 27th, the weather system produced a low-end EF3 tornado that struck the small community of Speedwell, Tennessee, where several homes were destroyed and numerous trees were downed. This tornado was unusual due to the fact that most strong tornadoes that occur in July are confined to the northernmost states. A few other weak tornadoes were confirmed in other areas that day as well. The system produced one additional tornado on the 28th, a damaging EF2 that ripped through the Boston suburb of Revere, Massachusetts, severely damaging numerous homes and businesses in
Tornadoes of 2014
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and the damage trail is carefully studied by weather professionals. Tornadoes are most common in spring and least common in winter. The seasonal transition during autumn and spring promotes the development of extratropical cyclones and frontal systems that support strong convective storms. Tornadoes are also common in landfalling tropical cyclones, where they are focused in the right poleward section of the cyclone. Tornadoes can also be spawned as a result of eyewall mesovortices, which persist until landfall. However, favorable conditions for tornado development can occur any time of the year. Tornado occurrence is highly dependent on the time of day,
Tornado climatology
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in the US in December. On December 24, an F4 tornado killed one person in Franklin, Tennessee. Tornadoes of 1988 This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1988, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. The Tornado "Season" of 1988 was one of the least active on record. March and April saw unusually low activity, as did June. There were some notable outbreaks later in the
Tornadoes of 1988
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their circulation ceases to affect the ground. The result is an erratic and discontinuous linear damage path, leading to the term skipping tornado. These discontinuities tend to occur over areas larger than the small neighborhoods where the house-skipping effect is observed, except possibly at the time of the birth and organization of the tornado. This situation is not commonly observed and the term is now rarely applied. Typically, when one tornado weakens and another forms, the process of successive parent mesocyclones forming and decaying is known as cyclic tornadogenesis, thus leading to a series of tornadoes spawned by the same
Tornado myths
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a larger squall line. A moderate risk of severe weather was issued for the afternoon of December 24 across the northern Gulf Coast. Severe activity was limited to the immediate coastal area with supercells embedded within the larger squall line, where a single EF0 tornado was reported. Tornadoes of 2009 In 2009, tornadic activity was generally near average. Each year, tornadoes and tornado outbreaks occur worldwide primarily under conductive conditions, though a majority of tornadoes form in the United States. Tornadoes also occur to a less frequent extent in Europe, Asia, and Australia. In the U.S., there were 1,304 reports
Tornadoes of 2009
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reportedly torn out, as well as hundreds of old trees on the Capitol grounds. A tree used as a popular photo spot at the Salt Lake Temple, commonly after marriages, was also destroyed. This was the first major tornado to occur in a major urban area's downtown district and strike buildings of nearly tall according to Bill Alder of the National Weather Service. It happened in an area of the U.S. where tornadoes are quite rare. The governor of Utah in 1999, Michael O. Leavitt, heard the sound of the tornado moving between the tall high-rise buildings just before the
1999 Salt Lake City tornado
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of 1500 mm of rainfall. Tornadoes are relatively rare in West Bengal and Bangladesh, but one did occur on March 24, 1998 killing over 250 near Dantan. Initially, this tornado was reported as a cyclone with wind speeds of close to 200 km/h that caused the destruction of an estimated 9,000 houses and injuries to 3,000 people. Later the event was characterized as a tornado. Gram panchayats of Dantan I block/ panchayat samiti are: Alikosha, Angua, Anikola, Chakismailpur, Dantan I, Dantan II, Monoharpur, Salikotha and Tararui. As per the 2011 Census of India Dantan I CD Block had a total
Dantan I
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90 minutes, producing high-end EF4 damage at its most intense point. It first touched down near the Ottawa County community of Niles just after 7:07 PM local time. The tornado moved eastward and reached EF3 strength to the north of Solomon, where a home lost its roof and exterior walls, and numerous trees were snapped. As the tornado crossed into Dickinson County and moved through rural areas northeast of Solomon, significant weakening occurred as EF1 tree and house damage was noted along this segment of the path. Re-intensification began to occur to the south of Talmage where a two-story house
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 22–26, 2016
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from August to October. Droughts can occur in the summer, but usually there is enough rainfall to keep things very lush and humid. Much of Huntsville's precipitation is delivered by thunderstorms. Thunderstorms are most frequent during the spring, and the most severe storms occur during the spring and late fall. These storms can deliver large hail, damaging straight-line winds, and tornadoes. Huntsville lies in a region colloquially known as Dixie Alley, an area more prone to violent, long-track tornadoes than most other parts of the US. On April 27, 2011, the largest tornado outbreak on record, the 2011 Super Outbreak,
Huntsville, Alabama
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addition of the new section was unusual in that it is a more south–north segment, and didn't directly connect to the previous western end at I-35. It now extends south of I-40, thus traveling beyond the usual Interstate numbering conventions. What was once I-244 around St. Louis is currently part of that city's I-270/I-255 beltway. During the historic 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, an F5 tornado crossed I-44. This particular tornado had the fastest tornado wind speeds on record. The interstate was severely damaged where the tornado crossed it. In the end, this tornado was blamed for 36 deaths. A section
Interstate 44
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chasing, in particular, boosts the likelihood that satellite tornadoes are noticed visually and/or on mobile radar. These tornadoes may remain over open country and thus cause less structural damage and consequently are less widely known. Such examples include near Beloit, Kansas on 15 May 1990 and during Project VORTEX near Allison, Texas on 8 June 1995, among other events. Satellite tornado A satellite tornado is a tornado that rotates around a larger, primary tornado and interacts with the same mesocyclone. Satellite tornadoes occur apart from the primary tornado and are not considered subvortices; the primary tornado and satellite tornadoes are
Satellite tornado
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Temperate climate In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout the year and more distinct seasonal changes compared to tropical climates, where such variations are often small. The temperate zones (latitudes from 35° to the polar circles at about 66.5°, north and south) are where the widest seasonal changes occur, with most climates found in it having somewhat balanced influence from both the tropics and the poles. The subtropics (latitudes from about 23.5° to 35°,
Temperate climate
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(and allowing for late-season winter storms). However, this pattern changed abruptly in mid-May as a significant outbreak struck towns in north-central Texas, followed closely by a much larger outbreak that affected much of the Midwestern and Southern U.S., especially in Oklahoma. On May 20, an EF5 tornado struck Moore, Oklahoma. Another powerful outbreak struck the Midwest and Ark-La-Tex area in the final week of May. The outbreak produced the widest tornado in recorded history, just west of Oklahoma City that hit areas just south and southeast of El Reno on May 31, killing storm chaser Tim Samaras and his two
Tornadoes of 2013
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were estimated at between $15 million and $20 million with the majority of the damage in Hall County. The immediate Gainesville area is no stranger to deadly tornadoes. It was the site of the fifth deadliest tornado in United States history on April 6, 1936, during the Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak, where two tornadoes merged into a very large F4 killing 203 including 70 at the Coopers Plant Factory. The tornado occurred only 12 hours after an F5 struck Tupelo, Mississippi, killing at least 216 (with others being unaccounted for), making it the fourth deadliest tornado on record including storms before
1998 Gainesville–Stoneville tornado outbreak
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Four-State Tornado Swarm The Four-State Tornado Swarm was a destructive outbreak of tornadoes in New England on August 15, 1787. At least five separate tornadoes caused major damage in the states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Two people were killed by a tornado in Wethersfield, Connecticut, and many were injured throughout New England. This event is considered to be the first true tornado outbreak on record. The first storm damage occurred in Litchfield, Connecticut, where a strong northwest wind and hail stones weighing more than damaged crops and broke windows. Four men were struck by lightning, but
Four-State Tornado Swarm
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suction spots) are really substructures of many, perhaps all, tornadoes but are not always easily visible. These occur, usually, at the base of the tornado vortex where the tornado makes contact with the surface. Subvortices tend to form after vortex breakdown reaches the surface and are resultant from the ratio of cyclonically incoming and rising air motions. Multivortex structure is not unique to tornadoes, occurring in other circulations such as dust devils, but is a natural result of the physics of vortex dynamics. Multivortex tornadoes should not be confused with cyclically tornadic supercells. These systems can have the tendency to
Multiple-vortex tornado
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Sudbury tornado The Sudbury tornado was an F3 tornado, which hit the Canadian city of Sudbury, Ontario, at approximately 8:30 a.m. on Thursday, August 20, 1970. It is currently tied for the status of the eighth deadliest tornado in Canadian history. Considered unusual because tornadoes of this strength rarely occur in Northern Ontario, the tornado touched down in the suburban community of Lively. The tornado tracked quickly eastward into the city, hitting the neighbourhoods of Copper Cliff, Robinson and Lockerby over the next ten minutes. Another tornado associated with the same storm also hit the community of Field, approximately 70
Sudbury tornado
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which is less consistent but can include exceptionally large and/or intense outbreaks. In 1992, an estimated 95 tornadoes broke out in a record 41 hours of continuous tornado activity from November 21 to 23. This is also among the largest-known outbreaks in areal expanse. Many other very large outbreaks have occurred in autumn, especially in October and November. The greatest number of tornadoes spawned from a hurricane is 118 from Hurricane Ivan in 2004. Caution is advised comparing the raw number of counted tornadoes from recent decades to decades prior to the 1990s since more tornadoes that occur are now
Tornado records
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tornado emergency was issued for areas north of Wadena and again later for areas near Plummer, Minnesota where significant damage was reported. Much of Wadena was destroyed by its tornado. Three people were killed; one in Almora, Minnesota, one in Mentor, Minnesota; and a third in Freeborn County, Minnesota. At least four of the tornadoes were rated EF4, the most violent tornadoes in a single event since February 5–6, 2008. This outbreak spawned a record 48 tornadoes in Minnesota on June 17, breaking the state's previous single-day record of 27 tornadoes set during the Mid-June 1992 tornado outbreak. An unsettled
Tornadoes of 2010
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as tornadoes, including violent tornadoes and major outbreaks, can and do occur anywhere at any time of year if favorable conditions develop. Major tornado outbreaks have occurred in every month of the year. July is the peak month in Austria, Finland, and Germany. On average, there are around 294 tornadoes throughout the United States during the month of May, and as many as 543 tornadoes have been reported in the month of May alone (in 2003). The months with the fewest tornadoes are usually December and January, although major tornado outbreaks can and sometimes do occur even in those months.
Tornado climatology
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Heights and Petersburg. As the tornado had smashed through the historic district, it ripped a traffic light off the bridge, and the snapped pillars remained until the bridge was replaced in 2002. As a result of the damage that occurred, a State of emergency was issued for Petersburg. 1993 Virginia tornado outbreak The 1993 Virginia tornado outbreak was a tornado outbreak that occurred in the Southeastern United States on August 6, 1993. It was very rare in that most tornado outbreaks in this region occur in the spring. This destructive tornado touched down on the southwest side of Petersburg, and
1993 Virginia tornado outbreak
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common, and tornadoes rarely occur outside of those time frames. This November 9 tornado was the latest one recorded in Ontario since an F2 tornado hit near Exeter on December 12, 1946. The only other tornado this late in the season occurred near Leamington on November 29, 1919. Hamilton, Ontario, tornado of 2005 The Hamilton, Ontario, tornado of 2005 was a tornado that touched down during the late afternoon hours of Wednesday, November 9, 2005, in the city of Hamilton, Ontario. The first week of November that year had been unusually mild with the jet stream much further north than
Hamilton, Ontario, tornado of 2005
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held misconception is that highway overpasses provide adequate shelter from tornadoes. This belief is partly inspired by widely circulated video captured during the 1991 tornado outbreak near Andover, Kansas, where a news crew and several other people take shelter under an overpass on the Kansas Turnpike and safely ride out a tornado as it passes by. However, a highway overpass is a dangerous place during a tornado, and the subjects of the video remained safe due to an unlikely combination of events: the storm in question was a weak tornado, the tornado did not directly strike the overpass, and the
Tornado
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often more than one orbiting satellite spawned during the life cycle of the tornado or with successive primary tornadoes spawned by the parent supercell (a process known as cyclic tornadogenesis and leading to a tornado family). On tornado outbreak days, if satellite tornadoes occur with one supercell, there is an elevated probability of their occurrence with other supercells. Satellite tornadoes may merge into their companion tornado although often the appearance of this occurring is an illusion caused when an orbiting tornado revolves around the backside of a primary tornado obscuring view of the satellite. During the March 1990 Central United
Satellite tornado
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no confirmed reports of a visible funnel cloud. Although it is now generally understood that a tornado can occur without an identifiable funnel in certain weather conditions, this was not as widely accepted in the 1970s. It was not until 1972 that the Canada Atmospheric Environment Service published a final report confirming that a tornado had indeed taken place. Sudbury tornado The Sudbury tornado was an F3 tornado, which hit the Canadian city of Sudbury, Ontario, at approximately 8:30 a.m. on Thursday, August 20, 1970. It is currently tied for the status of the eighth deadliest tornado in Canadian history.
Sudbury tornado
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1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak The 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak was the third notable US tornado outbreak to occur on Palm Sunday and the second to take place in the southeastern United States on that day. 40 people were killed and 491 were injured in the outbreak. In all, 29 tornadoes struck Texas, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, causing $140 million in damage. The deadliest tornado of the outbreak was rated F4 on the Fujita scale; it was the deadliest tornado in the U.S. in 1994. The storm devastated the Goshen United Methodist Church near Piedmont, Alabama,
1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
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1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado The 1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado was a powerful and devastating tornado that struck St. Louis, Missouri on Thursday, September 29, 1927, at 1:00pm. The tornado is estimated to be at least a F3 or F4 on the Fujita scale. The 2nd deadliest tornado to occur in the St. Louis metropolitan area, it caused at minimum 72–79 deaths and injured more than 550 people all within a seven-to-twelve-mile long, 100–600 yard wide path. At one time it was the 2nd costliest tornado in US history. More than 200 city blocks were destroyed. It
1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado
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Prior to 1990, the National Weather Service in Chicago was responsible for providing forecasts for the entire state of Illinois. As the Chicago office was overwhelmed with its workload, no warnings were issued by the office until 2:32 p.m. – nearly an hour after the first tornado was sighted southeast of Rockford. A second severe thunderstorm warning was issued almost an hour later at 3:23 p.m., but this provided no indication that a tornado was on the ground and did not mention the area where the tornado had tracked. No tornado warning was issued until after the tornado lifted. According
1990 Plainfield tornado
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prior to this outbreak there had been only ten tornadoes ever recorded during the month of October, so the fourteen tornadoes on this day easily eclipsed most late season outbreak records. Late-October 1996 tornado outbreak The Late-October 1996 tornado outbreak was an unusual tornadic event that affected Nebraska, South Dakota and Minnesota on October 26, 1996. Twenty-six tornadoes touched down on what turned out to be a record breaking late-season tornado outbreak. The outbreak started in Nebraska as three tornadoes touched down from 7:23 am - 9:00 am. The favorable dynamics then shifted northward to South Dakota, where nine tornadoes
Late-October 1996 tornado outbreak
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Over the years, the location(s) of Tornado Alley have not been clearly defined. No definition of tornado alley has ever been officially designated by the National Weather Service (NWS). Thus, differences in location are the result of the different criteria used. According to the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) FAQ, "Tornado Alley" is a term used by the media as a reference to areas that have higher numbers of tornadoes. A study of 1921–1995 tornadoes concluded almost one-fourth of all significant tornadoes occur in this area. No state is entirely free of tornadoes; however, they occur more frequently in the
Tornado Alley
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ground scouring marks in rural areas. In all 340 homes were destroyed and 260 homes were damaged. Another 66 farm and commercial buildings were destroyed or damaged. A monument was erected with the names of the victims in Beecher at Coldwater Road and Saginaw St near Beecher High School. The tornado remains the single deadliest tornado to occur in Michigan. It remained the deadliest single tornado in modern records (beginning in 1950) until it was surpassed by the Joplin, Missouri, tornado on May 22, 2011. The last F5 tornado in Michigan was the Hudsonville-Standale tornado of April 3, 1956. It
1953 Flint–Beecher tornado
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1993 Virginia tornado outbreak The 1993 Virginia tornado outbreak was a tornado outbreak that occurred in the Southeastern United States on August 6, 1993. It was very rare in that most tornado outbreaks in this region occur in the spring. This destructive tornado touched down on the southwest side of Petersburg, and rapidly intensified as it struck the historic downtown area of the city. Several well-built, multi-story brick buildings were leveled, along with a train station. A decorative caboose near the train station was ripped from its anchors and thrown 20 feet, pulling the anchors out of the ground in
1993 Virginia tornado outbreak
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in Illinois and Arkansas. The outbreak affected a rather huge area of the Midwestern and Southern United States; the tornadoes impacted at least 6 states: Oklahoma, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana. 1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado The 1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado was a powerful and devastating tornado that struck St. Louis, Missouri on Thursday, September 29, 1927, at 1:00pm. The tornado is estimated to be at least a F3 or F4 on the Fujita scale. The 2nd deadliest tornado to occur in the St. Louis metropolitan area, it caused at minimum 72–79 deaths and injured more
1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado
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Encarnación, Paraguay, on 20 September 1926 and killed over 300 people, making it the second deadliest tornado in South America. On 21 April 1970, an F4 struck Fray Marcos in Uruguay and killed 11, making it the strongest in Uruguay's history. On 10 January 1973, an F5 struck the city of San Justo, Argentina, north of the city of Santa Fe. The San Justo tornado is considered the worst tornado ever to occur in the Southern Hemisphere, with winds that exceeded . On 6 May 1992, , in Buenos Aires Province, was devastated by an EF4 tornado that caused 4
Tornado climatology
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dissipated five minutes later at the Intracoastal Waterway, from where it touched down. The tornado had a maximum width of around the time it reached peak intensity. The tornado was rated EF1 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale and traveled for . The outbreak was the second-deadliest on record for Florida, behind one that killed 42 people in February 1998. Damages from the tornado outbreak totaled $218 million (2007 US$). Christopher Patton, spokesman for the Lake County emergency operations center, described the damage as "unlike even perhaps the hurricanes of 2004 when we had minor roof damage, screen damage, pool damage.
2007 Groundhog Day tornado outbreak
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Late-October 1996 tornado outbreak The Late-October 1996 tornado outbreak was an unusual tornadic event that affected Nebraska, South Dakota and Minnesota on October 26, 1996. Twenty-six tornadoes touched down on what turned out to be a record breaking late-season tornado outbreak. The outbreak started in Nebraska as three tornadoes touched down from 7:23 am - 9:00 am. The favorable dynamics then shifted northward to South Dakota, where nine tornadoes touched down from 11:30 am – 12:30 pm. Finally, 14 more tornadoes touched down in Minnesota during the middle and late afternoon hours. Of the 26 tornadoes that touched down that
Late-October 1996 tornado outbreak
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are typically weak, more powerful and damaging tornadoes, such as the tornado that occurred on 22 May 2008 in Perris, California, can also occur. More tornadoes occur in Texas than in any other US state. The state which has the highest number of tornadoes per unit area is Florida, although most of the tornadoes in Florida are weak tornadoes of EF0 or EF1 intensity. A number of Florida's tornadoes occur along the edge of hurricanes that strike the state. The state with the highest number of strong tornadoes per unit area is Oklahoma. The neighboring state of Kansas is also
Tornado climatology
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occasionally rain occur during the winter. The summer months of June, July and August account for nearly half of the annual precipitation total across the Twin Cities. Most of this rain falls from thunderstorms, a frequent summer occurrence. Even though summer is the primary season for the Twin Cities to experience thunderstorms, they can occur from March to November. On rare occasions thundersnow can occur, where thunder and lightning accompanies winter or (more usually) spring snowstorms. During spring and summer, some thunderstorms are severe. These storms produce damaging straight line winds, large hail and, occasionally, a tornado. The Twin Cities
Climate of Minneapolis–Saint Paul
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been struck by any major tornadoes in recent history, although they occur in Northern Illinois annually. In 1906, a tornado went through the Aurora Driving Park, a large recreation/amusement park and race track where the Riddle Highlands neighborhood and Northgate shopping center is today. The tornado hit during the afternoon performance of the Ringling Brothers "Greatest Show on Earth" circus, when the park was crowded. It killed 2 people and injured 22, but the grandstand was still filled for the evening performance. Weak tornadoes struck the city in 1954, 1958, 1960, and 1991. In 1990, the supercell thunderstorm that produced
Aurora, Illinois
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large tornado outbreaks or widespread straight-line wind events, are sometimes also possible on moderate risk days, but with greater uncertainty. Moderate risk days are not terribly uncommon, and typically occur several times a month during the peak of the severe weather season, and occasionally at other times of the year. Slight and enhanced risk areas typically surround areas under a moderate risk, where the threat is lower. A high risk day indicates a considerable likelihood of significant to extreme severe weather, generally a major tornado outbreak or (much less often) an extreme derecho event. On these days, the potential exists
Storm Prediction Center
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by One of the Worst Tornado Outbreaks on Record." U.S. Tornadoes, 18 Apr. 2017, www.ustornadoes.com/2015/04/11/palm-sunday-1965-southern-great-lakes-ravaged-by-one-of-the-worst-tornado-outbreaks-on-record/. 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak The second Palm Sunday tornado outbreak occurred on April 11–12, 1965, in the Midwest U.S. states of Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa, with 47 tornadoes (32 significant, 17 violent, 21 killers). It was the second-biggest outbreak on record at the time. In the Midwest, 271 people were killed and 1,500 injured (1,200 in Indiana). It was the deadliest tornado outbreak in Indiana history, with 137 people killed. The outbreak also made that week in April 1965 the second-most-active
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak
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This was the longest single tornado track recorded in Arkansas since detailed record keeping began in 1950. Thirteen people were killed by this tornado, and about 140 people were injured. At least 200 homes and businesses were destroyed along the tornado's path. Damage from this tornado was estimated at nearly $120 million across the seven counties. At 5:32 pm CST (2332 UTC), a supercell thunderstorm produced a multiple-vortex tornado in Southaven, Mississippi. The tornado first struck Southaven High School, where 30 windows were broken, minor roof damage occurred, and damage was rated EF0. In the nearby Carriage Hill subdivision, several
2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak
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August. The 1993 Virginia tornado outbreak was a tornado outbreak that occurred in the Southeastern United States on August 6, 1993. It was very rare in that most tornado outbreaks in this region occur in the spring. 22 tornadoes touched down, with one F4 killing four people and injuring over two hundred. The August 8–9, 1993, tornado outbreak was a small tornado outbreak that occurred over the Upper Midwest of the United States for a period of two days. An F0 tornado near Littlefork, Minnesota lifted and moved a mobile home killing its two occupants. It is Minnesota's most recent
Tornadoes of 1993
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home was left with only interior walls standing and large trees were denuded and stripped of foliage. A home at the edge of the damage path had windows blown out. The tornado maintained EF3 strength and began to intensify further as it crossed N3210 Road, where several trees were debarked and ground scouring began to occur. A house near the south edge of the damage path had its roof torn off, and power poles were snapped as well. Shortly afterward, the tornado inflicted EF4 damage near the intersection of Indian Meridian Road and E1680 Road, where a well-built, anchor-bolted brick
Wynnewood, Oklahoma