who owns the subway system in new york city
the City of New York
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New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day on every day of the year, though some routes may operate only part-time. The New York City Subway is the
New York City Subway
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New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the world's most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day on every day of the year, though some routes may operate only part-time. The New York City Subway is the
New York City Subway
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Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway Since the opening of the original New York City Subway line in 1904, and throughout the subway's history, various official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. The first major expansion of the subway system was the Dual Contracts, a set of agreements between the City of New York and the IRT and the BRT. The system was expanded into the outer reaches of the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, and it provided for the construction of important lines in Manhattan. This one expansion of the system provided for
Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway
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would likely be built as part of an extension of a subway line in Manhattan. Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway Since the opening of the original New York City Subway line in 1904, and throughout the subway's history, various official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. The first major expansion of the subway system was the Dual Contracts, a set of agreements between the City of New York and the IRT and the BRT. The system was expanded into the outer reaches of the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, and it provided for
Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway
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operated on Saturdays instead of Sundays. In 2017, the train ran between Second Avenue and 96th Street. The contract, car numbers (and year built) used were Arnines, specifically R1 100 (built 1930), R1 381 (1931), R4 401 (1932), R4 484 (1932) – Bulls Eye lighting and a test P.A. system added in 1946, R6-3 1000 (1935), R6-1 1300 (1937), R7A 1575 (1938) – rebuilt in 1947 as a prototype for the R10 subway car, and R9 1802 (1940). New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and
New York City Subway
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to the City of New York, signifying the first phase of unification of New York's subway system with the Independent Subway System as well as eventual public operation of the entire system. (The Interborough Rapid Transit Company would be merged on June 15 of the same year.) At midnight, a ceremony commemorating the transfer, with five hundred people in attendance, was held at the Times Square station. The last BMT train had left the 57th Street station five minutes earlier. When the train arrived at Times Square, BMT president William S. Menden handed over his company's properties to Mayor Fiorello
Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal (New York City Subway)
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New York City Subway stations The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens. Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority, which is itself controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York. In 2015, an average of 5.65 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world. The present New York City Subway system is composed of three formerly separate systems that
New York City Subway stations
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Independent Subway System The Independent Subway System (IND or ISS), formerly known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System (ICOS) or the Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad, was a rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York City Subway. It was first constructed as the Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan in 1932. One of three rail networks that became part of the modern New York City subway, the IND was intended to be fully owned and operated by the municipal government, in contrast to the privately operated or jointly funded Interborough Rapid Transit
Independent Subway System
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New York City Subway nomenclature New York City Subway nomenclature is the terminology used in the New York City Subway system as derived from railroading practice, historical origins of the system, and engineering, publicity, and legal usage. Important terms include "lines", or individual sections of subway, like the BMT Brighton Line; "services", like the B, which is a single train route along several lines; and "stations", such as Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue, which connects multiple lines and services. Lines and services on the New York City Subway are often confused with each other. Lines are physical train tracks, while services are
New York City Subway nomenclature
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("as the crow flies"). This chaining system differs from the milepost or mileage system. The New York City Subway system differs from other railroad chaining systems in that it uses the engineer's chain of rather than the surveyor's chain of . Chaining is used in the New York City Subway system in conjunction with train radios, in order to ascertain a train's location on a given line. The New York City Subway uses a system known as Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) for dispatching and train routing on the A Division (the IRT Flushing Line, and the trains used on the
Signaling of the New York City Subway
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other commuters. History of the New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens. Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), which is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York. In 2016, an average of 5.66 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world. The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost
History of the New York City Subway
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History of the New York City Subway The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens. Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), which is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York. In 2016, an average of 5.66 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world. The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years
History of the New York City Subway
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Signaling of the New York City Subway Most trains on the New York City Subway are manually operated. The system currently uses Automatic Block Signaling, with fixed wayside signals and automatic train stops. Many portions of the signaling system were installed between the 1930s and 1960s. Because of the age of the subway system, many replacement parts are unavailable from signaling suppliers and must be custom built for the NYCTA. Additionally, some subway lines have reached their train capacity limits and cannot operate extra trains in the current system. There are two different schemes of signaling in the system. The
Signaling of the New York City Subway
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built the first subway line in Manhattan. Both the IRT and the competing Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT, later BMT) were privately held operators who operated city-owned subway lines. They hired their own police. However, in 1932, the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND) opened; the IND lines originally had "station supervisors" employed to police them, their names having been taken from the New York City Police Department's hiring list. The creation of the New York City Transit Police came about on November 17, 1933, six men were sworn in as New York State Railway Police. They were unarmed but were
New York City Transit Police
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These include the R1s, R4s, R6s, R7/As and R9s. After the equipment was retired in the 1970s, twenty cars were sent to various museums. Eleven of these cars are preserved by the New York Transit Museum and Railway Preservation Corp, while the other nine are on private property or preserved at other museums. Books: Periodicals: Newspapers: Independent Subway System The Independent Subway System (IND or ISS), formerly known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System (ICOS) or the Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad, was a rapid transit rail system in New York City that is now part of the New York
Independent Subway System
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legacy of massive construction projects is still controversial. He opposed the massive subway expansions proposed in 1929 and 1939. However, the last large expansion of the subway system, combined with the merger of privately owned Interborough Rapid Transit and Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit subway companies with the city-owned Independent Subway System under city ownership, made the subway largely what it is today. New York, long a great American city with many immigrants, became a culturally international city with the brain drain of intellectual, musical, and artistic European refugees that started in the late 1930s. The 1939 New York World's Fair, marking the
History of New York City (1898–1945)
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list shows these occurrences presented alphabetically by borough, then west to east, then north to south; stations of the same name that form a subway complex are grouped in parentheses (); demolished and permanently closed stations are stricken through; future stations are in "italics": These tables list the top ten New York City Subway stations by annual, average weekday, and average weekend ridership in 2017. New York City Subway stations The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens. Its
New York City Subway stations
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merged in 1940: the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), and the Independent Subway System (IND). The privately held IRT, founded in 1902, constructed and operated the first underground railway line in New York City. The opening of the first line on October 27, 1904 is commonly cited as the opening of the modern New York City Subway, although some elevated lines of the IRT and BMT that were initially incorporated into the New York City Subway system but then demolished predate this. The oldest sections of elevated lines still in operation were built in 1885.
New York City Subway stations
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service, formerly served by the express "<Q>" (notated with a diamond). This is a table of when each service has existed (and been signed for the public). Shuttles were SS until 1985, when they became S (which had been used for specials). See here for the colors used for shuttles in 1967; in 1968 all six became green, and in 1979 all shuttles became dark gray. New York City Subway nomenclature New York City Subway nomenclature is the terminology used in the New York City Subway system as derived from railroading practice, historical origins of the system, and engineering, publicity,
New York City Subway nomenclature
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New York City Subway rolling stock The New York City Subway is a large rapid transit system and has a large fleet of rolling stock. , the New York City Subway has cars on the roster. The system maintains two separate fleets of passenger cars: one for the A Division routes, the other for the B Division routes. All A Division equipment is approximately wide and long while B Division cars are about wide and either or long. The A Division and B Division trains operate only in their own division; operating in the other division is not allowed. The
New York City Subway rolling stock
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replaced until the R211 order is delivered. New York City Subway rolling stock The New York City Subway is a large rapid transit system and has a large fleet of rolling stock. , the New York City Subway has cars on the roster. The system maintains two separate fleets of passenger cars: one for the A Division routes, the other for the B Division routes. All A Division equipment is approximately wide and long while B Division cars are about wide and either or long. The A Division and B Division trains operate only in their own division; operating in
New York City Subway rolling stock
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remained out of service until June 2017. Since 2015, there have been three blizzard-related subway shutdowns. On January 26, 2015, another full closure was ordered by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo due to the January 2015 nor'easter, which was originally projected to leave New York City with of snow. The next day, the subway system was partially reopened. A number of New York City residents criticized Cuomo's decision to shut down the subway system for the first time ever due to snow. The nor'easter dropped much less snow in the city than originally expected, totaling only in Central Park. On
New York City Subway
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New York City Subway chaining New York City Subway chaining is a method to precisely specify locations along the New York City Subway lines. It measures distances from a fixed point, called "chaining zero", following the twists and turns of the railroad line, so that the distance described is understood to be the "railroad distance," not the distance by the most direct route ("as the crow flies"). The New York City Subway system differs from other railroad chaining systems in that it uses the engineer's chain of rather than the surveyor's chain of . "Chaining zero" is a fixed point
New York City Subway chaining
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the four East River Tunnels, and the single Empire Connection tunnel). It is at the center of the Northeast Corridor, a passenger rail line that connects New York City with Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and intermediate points. Intercity trains are operated by Amtrak, which owns the station, while commuter rail services are operated by the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and New Jersey Transit. Connections are available within the complex to the New York City Subway, and buses. The old "Hilton Corridor" formerly provided indoor connection with the 34th Street–Herald Square subway station and 33rd Street PATH station. Penn Station
Pennsylvania Station (New York City)
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Life Underground Life Underground (2001) is a permanent public artwork created by American sculptor Tom Otterness for the 14th Street – Eighth Avenue station () of the New York City Subway. It was commissioned by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Arts for Transit program for US$200,000 — one percent of the station's reconstruction budget. This program has commissioned more than 170 permanent works of art for public transportation facilities the MTA owns and operates. This work is one of the most popular artworks in the subway system. The installation is a series of whimsical miniature bronze sculptures depicting cartoon like characters
Life Underground
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West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium (New York City Subway) West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium is a New York City Subway station, located on the BMT Brighton Line and IND Culver Line. The station is located over the private right-of-way of the defunct New York and Coney Island Railroad, north of Surf Avenue and running easterly from West 8th Street on the Coney Island peninsula in Brooklyn. It is served by the ' and ' trains at all times. This station is geographically the southernmost station in the entire New York City Subway system. The station, originally identified as Coney Island–West
West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium (New York City Subway)
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New York State health officials cited "significant public health risks" associated with fracking, and on December 17, 2014, the Cuomo administration announced a ban of hydraulic fracturing in New York State. In June 2017, after a series of subway disasters, Cuomo declared a "state of emergency" for the New York City Subway system. According to "The New York Times", a series of New York City mayors and New York governors, including Cuomo, were partly at fault for the worsening quality of the subway system and inflated construction costs. Under the Cuomo administration, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority repeatedly diverted tax revenues
Andrew Cuomo
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BU cars (New York City Subway car) BU cars is the generic term for BRT elevated gate cars used on predecessor lines of the New York City Subway system. The cars were built by the Osgood-Bradley, Brill, Cincinnati, Laconia, and Jewett car companies. These cars consisted of a variety of equipment used on the BRT and later BMT. Some cars were inherited from steam railroads that became part of the BRT system while others were built new for the BRT as late as 1907. In 1913, the BRT introduced an advanced steel car design for subway service (the AB Standard)
BU cars (New York City Subway car)
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the system with communications-based train control (CBTC) technology, which will control the speed, and starting and stopping of subway trains. The CBTC system is mostly automated and uses a moving block system—which reduces headways between trains, increases train frequencies and capacities, and relays the trains' positions to a control room—rather than a fixed block system. The implementation of CBTC requires new rolling stock to be built for the subway routes using the technology, as only newer trains use CBTC. The New York City Subway system has, for the most part, used block signaling since its 1904 opening. , the system
Signaling of the New York City Subway
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1977. The last day of R9 cars in service was on March 31, 1977 as the cars made their final run on the train. Following their retirement, the majority of the cars were scrapped. However, three have been preserved: R9 (New York City Subway car) The R9 was a New York City Subway car model which was built by the American Car and Foundry Company and the Pressed Steel Car Company in 1940 for the Independent Subway System (IND) and its successors, which included the New York City Board of Transportation and the New York City Transit Authority. They were
R9 (New York City Subway car)
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R9 (New York City Subway car) The R9 was a New York City Subway car model which was built by the American Car and Foundry Company and the Pressed Steel Car Company in 1940 for the Independent Subway System (IND) and its successors, which included the New York City Board of Transportation and the New York City Transit Authority. They were the last "Arnine" type cars that were ordered, as they arrived after the R1s, R4s, R6s, and R7/As. A total of 153 R9 cars were ordered from two different manufacturers. Cars 1650-1701 were built by ACF, while cars 1702-1802
R9 (New York City Subway car)
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Army released "Bacillus globigii" into the tunnels of the New York City Subway system, as part of a field experiment called "A Study of the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Attack with Biological Agents". The Chicago subway system was also subject to a similar experiment by the Army. Researchers in the United States have performed thousands of human radiation experiments to determine the effects of atomic radiation and radioactive contamination on the human body, generally on people who were poor, sick, or powerless. Most of these tests were performed, funded, or supervised by the United
Unethical human experimentation in the United States
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open 24 hours a day, as its main source of transportation. Campaigning at subway stations is a staple of New York elections akin to candidate appearances at small town diners during presidential campaigns in the rest of the country. Each week, more than 100 musicians and ensembles – ranging in genre from classical to Cajun, bluegrass, African, South American, and jazz – give over 150 performances sanctioned by New York City Transit at 25 locations throughout the subway system, many under the Music Under New York program. There are many more who are unauthorized performers called buskers, who range from
Transportation in New York City
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York City Subway system, including: R14 (New York City Subway car) The R14 was a New York City Subway car model built by the American Car and Foundry Company in 1949. The cars were a "follow-up" or supplemental stock for the A Division's R12s and look exactly the same, differing only in floor patterns. The R14s were numbered 5803-5952. They were the last cars built with outside door operating apparatus or controls. The next subway car order, the R15, would have the conductors' door controls located inside the motorman's cabs instead. While the R14s ran in solid consists on the
R14 (New York City Subway car)
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It was part of the 100th anniversary celebrations. The monthly campaign, which included the winners' photos and biographical blurbs on placards in subway cards, featured such winners as Mona Freeman and prominent New York City restaurateur Ellen Goodman. The winner of this contest was Caroline Sanchez-Bernat, an actress from Morningside Heights. Subway Series is a term applied to any series of baseball games between New York City teams, as opposing teams can travel to compete merely by using the subway system. Subway Series is a term long used in New York, going back to series between the Brooklyn Dodgers or
New York City Subway
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in 1972 but was ended in 1975 during the city's fiscal crisis, and work was again restarted in 2007. Since the opening of the original New York City Subway line in 1904, various official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. One of the better known proposals was the "Second System," which was part of a plan by the Independent Subway to construct new subway lines in addition and take over existing subway lines and railroad right-of-ways. Though most of the routes proposed over the decades have never seen construction, discussion remains strong to develop some
History of the New York City Subway
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New York state, then collecting a tax to fund the New York City transit system. The same month, the MTA announced that as many as four percent of subway riders and 16 percent of bus riders each day might not be paying fares, amounting to 208,000 subway riders and 384,000 bus riders per day. This indicated that the decline in ridership on the subway and bus systems might not be as severe as previously indicated, because ridership counts only included riders who paid fares. In response, Byford stated that the MTA was studying ways to physically prevent fare evaders from
2017 New York City transit crisis
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R143 (New York City Subway car) The R143 is a class of 212 new technology (NTT) New York City Subway cars built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the B Division. The cars displaced R40/As and R42s that operated on the in order to automate the BMT Canarsie Line. The R143s are numbered 8101-8312. The 212 cars were expected to provide enough service for years, but the fast growth of the Williamsburg neighborhood overloaded the L by mid-2006. The R143s are the first 60-foot (18.29 m) B Division cars built for the New York City Subway system since the R42 from
R143 (New York City Subway car)
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R7/A (New York City Subway car) The R7 (and R7A) was a New York City Subway car model built from 1937 to 1938 for the city-operated Independent Subway System by two manufacturers under separate orders, the American Car and Foundry Company and Pullman Standard. These cars were a continuation of the R6 fleet. On March 5, 1937, the New York City Board of Transportation opened up bids for 150 cars to be built under the R7 contract. The winning bid for $40,375 per car was jointly submitted by the American Car and Foundry Company (ACF) and Pullman Standard. The Pressed
R7/A (New York City Subway car)
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the retired cars were stripped and dumped into the Atlantic Ocean to form artificial reefs. However, many R33 cars were saved for various purposes throughout the New York City Subway system, including: Other cars were retained for work service until 2013, when they were scrapped, including: R33 (New York City Subway car) The R33 was a New York City Subway car model that was built by St. Louis Car Company in 1962 and 1963. The cars are a "follow-up" or supplemental stock for the A Division’s R29s and closely resembled them. The cars were also referred to as R33MLs (R33
R33 (New York City Subway car)
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which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area. The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with , and by length of routes. Nearly all of New York's subway system is open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo. The New York
New York City
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due to track maintenance. There were frequent service disruptions to Long Island Rail Road and NJ Transit train schedules caused by the deterioration of its tracks and their supporting infrastructure, as well as in those of the East River and North River Tunnels that respectively connect the station to Long Island and New Jersey. During July 2017, Governor Cuomo and Mayor Bill de Blasio disputed who has control of the subway system. Cuomo claimed that since the subway system was owned by New York City and leased to the MTA, the city had to pay more for its capital needs.
2017 New York City transit crisis
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R1 (New York City Subway car) The R1 was the first New York City Subway car type built for the Independent Subway System (IND). 300 cars were manufactured between 1930 and 1931 by the American Car and Foundry Company, numbered 100 through 399. Also specifically sometimes referred to as City Cars, the R1s introduced several improvements to subway car design that greatly sped up the flow of passengers in and out of trains. Future passenger stock orders – including contracts R4, R6, R7/A, and R9 – were virtually identical, with minor mechanical and cosmetic variations. Therefore, these car classes are
R1 (New York City Subway car)
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R1 (New York City Subway car) The R1 was the first New York City Subway car type built for the Independent Subway System (IND). 300 cars were manufactured between 1930 and 1931 by the American Car and Foundry Company, numbered 100 through 399. Also specifically sometimes referred to as City Cars, the R1s introduced several improvements to subway car design that greatly sped up the flow of passengers in and out of trains. Future passenger stock orders – including contracts R4, R6, R7/A, and R9 – were virtually identical, with minor mechanical and cosmetic variations. Therefore, these car classes are
R1 (New York City Subway car)
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the R46s. Car 1208 was previously preserved by the New York Transit Museum. However, it was scrapped during the 1980s, along with several other museum cars. It would have been the only R6-2 preserved if it wasn’t scrapped. R6 (New York City Subway car) The R6 was a New York City Subway car model built from 1935 to 1936 for the city-operated Independent Subway System by three manufacturers under separate orders, the American Car and Foundry Company, Pullman Standard, and Pressed Steel Car Company. The cars were a continuation of the R4 fleet and look almost the same, except that
R6 (New York City Subway car)
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rivers and canals. Today, the canals are primarily used for recreation. One of the most famous urban mass transit systems in the world is the New York City Subway. New York City is also served by Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH), and an extensive bus system. Besides New York City, many of the other cities have mass transit systems. Buffalo Metro Rail serves Buffalo, the second largest city in the state. However, this service also resembles a light rail system. Rochester had a subway system, although it is mostly destroyed. Only a small part exists under the old Erie Canal Aqueduct.
Transportation in New York (state)
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subway stations have new ceramics and mosaics: New York City Subway tiles Many New York City Subway stations are decorated with colorful ceramic plaques and tile mosaics. Of these, many take the form of signs, identifying the station's location. Much of this ceramic work was in place when the subway system originally opened on October 27, 1904. Newer work continues to be installed each year, much of it cheerful and fanciful. The earliest ceramic work was done by Heins & LaFarge (artists George C. Heins and Christopher Grant LaFarge), starting in 1901 and continuing up to 1907. Heins and LaFarge
New York City Subway tiles
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Miami, pointing readers to a website called RefugefromIslam.com. Geller said the ads were meant to provide resources for Muslims who were afraid to leave the religion. Geller and FDI/SIOA paid to run ads on the transit systems of New York City, Washington, D. C., and San Francisco. The ad approved to run on the New York City Subway and San Francisco buses read: "In any war between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel. Defeat Jihad." New York's MTA initially refused to display the ads in the New York City Subway system. The authority's decision
Pamela Geller
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Manhattan El (New York City Subway car) Manhattan El is the generic term for IRT elevated gate cars used on predecessor lines of the New York City Subway system. These cars were built by the Pullman, Wason, Gilbert & Bush, Bowers & Dure, Barney & Smith, Jewett, St. Louis, Cincinnati and American Car and Foundry companies. These cars consisted of a variety of equipment used on the IRT. The majority of the cars were originally built for the predecessor companies that became part of the IRT system in 1903, while other cars were built brand new between 1902 and 1911.
Manhattan El (New York City Subway car)
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well. The new parts used for the rebuilding of the cars (including cam control groups and braking systems) were salvaged and re-installed on GE-powered R36WFs 9558-9769 between 1992-1993 to improve their reliability. Some R30 cars were saved for various purposes throughout the New York City Subway system, including: Other R30s that had been retained before November 2013 included: R30/A (New York City Subway car) The R30 was a New York City Subway car model built by St. Louis Car Company from 1961 to 1962. The cars were a "follow-up" or supplemental stock for the B Division's R27s and closely resembled
R30/A (New York City Subway car)
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59th Street–Columbus Circle (New York City Subway) 59th Street–Columbus Circle is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and the IND Eighth Avenue Line. It is the eighth-busiest station complex in the New York City Subway system. It is located at Columbus Circle in Manhattan, where 59th Street, Broadway and Eighth Avenue intersect, and serves Central Park, the Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, and Midtown Manhattan. The station is served by the: This station complex has many entrances/exits from the streets. The one at the north end of Columbus Circle leads to the
59th Street–Columbus Circle (New York City Subway)
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platforms. Large metal fences have been erected to keep people away from the edges. NYC Subway.org: Miscellaneous: Google Maps: Street View: 59th Street–Columbus Circle (New York City Subway) 59th Street–Columbus Circle is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and the IND Eighth Avenue Line. It is the eighth-busiest station complex in the New York City Subway system. It is located at Columbus Circle in Manhattan, where 59th Street, Broadway and Eighth Avenue intersect, and serves Central Park, the Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, and Midtown Manhattan. The station is served by the:
59th Street–Columbus Circle (New York City Subway)
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the subway system since October 27, 1904, a period of 45 years, and was one of the main provisions of the Dual Contracts. New York City was the last major city to have a five-cent fare. The BOT also created 14 new free transfers between the formerly-separate subway divisions. The fare increase was put forward due to increasing debt, inflation in the post-war period, expenditure on new subway routes, equipment and facilities, and maintenance of the existing system which was in disrepair. In addition, city planner Robert Moses pushed for the fare increase to allow more city funding to go
New York City Board of Transportation
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station in the 422-station system. This amounted to an average of 9,189 passengers per weekday. In 2017, "The New York Times" wrote that 100,000 daily passengers used the station per day, meaning that the vast majority of passengers used the station to make transfers to other routes. The Subway Nut: Miscellaneous links: Google Maps Street View: Broadway Junction (New York City Subway) Broadway Junction is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the elevated BMT Canarsie Line and BMT Jamaica Line, and the underground IND Fulton Street Line. It was also served by trains of the Fulton Street
Broadway Junction (New York City Subway)
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door that led to a money-counting room under 370 Jay Street. The platforms were built in 1951, the same year the building opened, though "money trains" had been in use on the system since 1905. The platforms were placed next to 370 Jay Street because it was a convenient location near where all three subway companies had tunnels. Tokens became New York City Transit fare media in 1951. Tokens were last used in the entire New York City Transit system, including the subway, in 2003. This meant that the money trains were no longer used, and in December 2006, the
Jay Street–MetroTech (New York City Subway)
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would allow Hylan's plans as well as the interests of private operators to be considered. However, the city's and Hylan's long-term goal was the unification and consolidation of the existing subway, with the city operating a unified subway system. The city, bolstered by political claims that the private companies were reaping profits at taxpayer expense, determined that it would build, equip and operate a new system itself, with private investment and without sharing the profits with private entities. This led to the building of the "Independent City-Owned Subway" (ICOS), sometimes called the "Independent Subway System" (ISS), the "Independent City-Owned Rapid
History of the New York City Subway
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Unused New York City Subway service labels The New York City Subway currently uses various letters and numbers to designate the routes that trains use over the differing lines in the system. Along with the color corresponding to the route's trunk line, these form a unique identifier for the route, easing navigation through the complex system. Several service labels have either been phased out or never been used. This list covers the labels not used . The A Division uses single-digit numbers for each route. Currently, numbers 1 through 7 are in use. Two-digit numbers have never been used by
Unused New York City Subway service labels
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service were preserved, but a few non-revenue cars have been preserved. Manhattan El (New York City Subway car) Manhattan El is the generic term for IRT elevated gate cars used on predecessor lines of the New York City Subway system. These cars were built by the Pullman, Wason, Gilbert & Bush, Bowers & Dure, Barney & Smith, Jewett, St. Louis, Cincinnati and American Car and Foundry companies. These cars consisted of a variety of equipment used on the IRT. The majority of the cars were originally built for the predecessor companies that became part of the IRT system in 1903,
Manhattan El (New York City Subway car)
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for the 1939-40 World's Fair, blue and orange, which are also the colors of the New York City flag. After they were converted back into gate cars, they were given their original numbers and received the red paint scheme that they originally wore when they were brand new. Besides the three cars preserved at the New York Transit Museum, many other still-extant cars have been preserved; BU cars (New York City Subway car) BU cars is the generic term for BRT elevated gate cars used on predecessor lines of the New York City Subway system. The cars were built by
BU cars (New York City Subway car)
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since the transit crisis of the 1970s. In the summer of that year, the subway system was officially put in a state of emergency after a series of derailments, track fires, and overcrowding incidents. To solve the system's problems, the MTA officially announced the Genius Transit Challenge on June 28, 2017, where contestants could submit ideas to improve signals, communications infrastructure, or rolling stock. On July 25, 2017, Chairman Joe Lhota announced a two-phase, $9 billion New York City Subway Action Plan to stabilize the subway system and to prevent the continuing decline of the system. The first phase, costing
History of the New York City Subway
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elements. Other features include sidewalk benches and new lighting to improve the waiting environment for customers, new bus stop signage, bus holding lights linked to the Canarsie Line (they will be activated as part of a subsequent signal system), and a new dispatcher’s booth for NYC Transit employees. The six NYC Transit bus lines served in this terminal now provide easier transfers to the subway and between the bus routes. Details about the stations: Artwork: Street views: Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues (New York City Subway) Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues is a New York City Subway station complex formed by the intersecting stations of the
Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues (New York City Subway)
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R188 (New York City Subway car) The R188 is a class of new technology (NTT) New York City Subway cars built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the A Division. The 506-car fleet entered service in 2013, displacing the 1980s-era R62 and R62A cars that operated on the , in order to automate the IRT Flushing Line's signal system with Communications-based train control (CBTC). The R188 order also expanded the 7's fleet as part of the 7 Subway Extension. Of the 506 cars in the fleet, only 126 were built brand-new; the remaining 380 cars were originally part of the R142A
R188 (New York City Subway car)
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Darius McCollum Darius McCollum (born March 28th 1965) is primarily known for posing as New York City Subway motorman and bus driver and operating subway trains and buses for joyrides. McCollum is a New York City resident with a lengthy arrest record for crimes related to the transit system operated by the New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). He has been fascinated with trains since his childhood, and has been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. McCollum has been interested in trains from an early age, frequently riding the New York City Subway for days at a time. His fixation with
Darius McCollum
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Signalling of the Toronto subway Toronto subway signals are a system of light-based indicators to give instructions to trains on Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth and Line 4 Sheppard of the Toronto subway system, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). It uses block signals and interlocking signals. The TTC uses the NX/UR system of signalling, which is also used in New York on the New York City Subway, in Chicago on the 'L', and in Boston on the MBTA. The TTC is replacing the block signal system on Line 1 Yonge–University with communications-based train control (CBTC), an implementation
Signalling of the Toronto subway
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trains has led McCollum to frequently impersonate MTA employees or a related entity, for which he has been jailed numerous times. McCollum has been rejected for employment by MTA on numerous occasions, although he is reported to know more about the trains, schedules, procedures and rail operations than any current employee. A prison psychiatrist who did an evaluation diagnosed him with Asperger syndrome. McCollum is said to have memorized the New York City Subway map by age 8. According to McCollum's mother, his interest with the New York City Subway system started in his youth, when subway motormen permitted him
Darius McCollum
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Lexington Avenue/59th Street (New York City Subway) Lexington Avenue/59th Street is a New York City Subway station complex shared by the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and the BMT Broadway Line. It is located at Lexington Avenue between 59th and 60th Streets, on the border of Midtown and the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The station complex is the eighth-busiest in the system, with over 21 million passengers in 2016. Signed as 59th Street–Lexington Avenue, the complex is served by the: A free out-of-system MetroCard transfer is available to the 63rd Street Lines (' and ' trains, as well as rush-hour
Lexington Avenue/59th Street (New York City Subway)
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end has a weekday-only turnstile bank and token booth, full height turnstiles, and a wide staircase to MetroTech Center and another stair and four escalators to the former New York City Transit Headquarters, a mostly vacant 13-story building at 370 Jay Street. These escalators were installed as part of a 1952 improvement, as were the squarish "Subway" entrance lamps that are found only in a few other places in the system. These were designed in Art Deco/Art Moderne style. The building itself has a memorial to New York City Transit workers who died in World War II. The entrance/exit at
Jay Street–MetroTech (New York City Subway)
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day; Metro-North and LIRR require a permit that can be obtained for a $5.00 fee by mail or at Grand Central Terminal. New Jersey Transit also allows bicycles onboard trains en route to New York City but restricts them on rush hour trains. Bikes are allowed on New York City Subway trains at all hours, though it is sometimes difficult to fit a bike into a packed subway car. Typically, cyclists use the subway security gates to bring bicycles into the system, and board either the very first or very last train car. Rules against fastening bikes to subway property,
Cycling in New York City
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would still begin setting up a pneumatic application of the brakes, creating a much quicker response to the condition than possible under any other previous system. As part of the modifications for elevated service, the Composites were equipped with AMUE schedule braking from 1916 until their retirement. Composite (New York City Subway car) The Composite was a New York City Subway car class built in 1903 and in 1904 by the Jewett, St. Louis, Wason and John Stepheson companies for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company and its successor, the New York City Board of Transportation. The Composite derived its name
Composite (New York City Subway car)
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as Governor. Cuomo was challenged in the primary from the left by actress-and-activist Cynthia Nixon. She criticized him as having failed to fix the New York City subway, protect undocumented immigrants, legalize recreational marijuana, or create a Single Payer healthcare system When debating Nixon, Cuomo countered her argument on the subways by pointing out that the system is owned by New York City, though past administrations agree it is the governor's role. An analysis conducted by New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer revealed that New York City pays for 70 percent of subway repair costs. In the primary, with 93%
Andrew Cuomo
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with Brooklyn riders choosing to use the new subway. The subway system began during the War of Currents when Thomas Edison and his opponent, George Westinghouse, struggled over acceptance of direct current or alternating current as the standard way to deliver electricity. Alternating current became the standard for non-railroad purposes, but New York City Subway adopted direct current as more suitable for urban railroad purposes. The companies built their own power stations to generate their DC. To this day, the New York City Transit Authority converts alternating current to 600V DC third rail to power the trains, as do most
History of the New York City Subway
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religious divorces to their wives, some of whom Epstein charged up to $100,000 to commit the crimes. Crime on the New York City Subway reached a peak in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the city's subway having a crime rate higher than that of any other mass transit system in the world. , the subway has a record-low crime rate, as crime started dropping in the '90s, a trend that continues today. Various approaches have been used to fight crime. A 2012 initiative by the MTA to prevent crime is to ban people who commit one in the
Crime in New York City
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official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. One of the more expansive proposals was the "IND Second System", part of a plan to construct new subway lines in addition to taking over existing subway lines and railroad rights-of-way. The most grandiose IND Second Subway plan, conceived in 1929, was to be part of the city-operated IND, and was to comprise almost of the current subway system. By 1939, with unification planned, all three systems were included within the plan, which was ultimately never carried out. Many different plans were proposed over the years of the
New York City Subway
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edge doors for the 42nd Street Shuttle. Crime rates have shown variations over time, with a drop starting in the 1990s and continuing today. In order to fight crime, various approaches have been used over the years, including an "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign and, starting in 2016, banning people who commit a crime in the subway system from entering the system for a certain length of time. In the 1960s, for example, mayor Robert Wagner ordered an increase in the New York City Transit Police force from 1,219 to 3,100 officers. During the hours at which crimes
New York City Subway
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state of New York, which runs all of the city's subways and buses and two of its three commuter rail networks. Ridership in the city increased 36% to 2.2 billion annual riders from 1995 to 2005, far outpacing population growth. Average weekday subway ridership was 5.076 million in September 2006, while combined subway and bus ridership on an average weekday that month was 7.61 million. The New York City Subway is the largest subway system in the world when measured by number of stations (), and the seventh-largest when measured by annual ridership (1.76 billion passenger trips in 2015). It
Transportation in New York City
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New York City Subway tiles Many New York City Subway stations are decorated with colorful ceramic plaques and tile mosaics. Of these, many take the form of signs, identifying the station's location. Much of this ceramic work was in place when the subway system originally opened on October 27, 1904. Newer work continues to be installed each year, much of it cheerful and fanciful. The earliest ceramic work was done by Heins & LaFarge (artists George C. Heins and Christopher Grant LaFarge), starting in 1901 and continuing up to 1907. Heins and LaFarge were both relatives of John LaFarge (brother-in-law
New York City Subway tiles
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Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (New York City Subway) Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (shown as "Hoyt-Schermerhorn" on official maps) is an express station of the New York City Subway, serving the IND Crosstown Line and the IND Fulton Street Line. Located at the intersection of Hoyt Street and Schermerhorn Street in Downtown Brooklyn, it is served by the A and G trains at all times, and the C train at all times except late nights. Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets was originally built as an interchange station between the Fulton Street and Crosstown lines of the Independent Subway System (IND). Construction of the station began around 1929, and
Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (New York City Subway)
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Bluebirds scrapped in 1957. Bluebird Compartment Car (New York City Subway car) The Bluebird, formally dubbed Compartment Car by its purchaser, the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), was an advanced design PCC subway and elevated railway car built by the Clark Equipment Company from 1938 to 1940 and used on the New York City Subway system from 1939 to 1957. The articulated unit, long, wide and high, consisted of three compartments placed on four trucks, connected by fully enclosed, hinged passageways. The Bluebird was an example of Art Deco industrial design, presenting a clean and mildly streamlined appearance. The Bluebird was
Bluebird Compartment Car (New York City Subway car)
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Hedley Hi-V (New York City Subway car) The Hedley Hi-V was a New York City Subway car class built between 1910 and 1911, which were motor cars, and then in 1915 an order for trailers that were numbered 4223-4514. All were built by the Standard Steel Car Company, Pressed Steel Car Company, and Pullman Company. These were the first cars built with center doors. They were also the last high voltage cars built for the system as all subway cars delivered afterward had low voltage since high voltage cars were a hazard to both the train operators and track crews,
Hedley Hi-V (New York City Subway car)
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New York City transit fares The fares for services operated under the brands of MTA Regional Bus (New York City Bus, MTA Bus), New York City Subway (NYC Subway), Staten Island Railway (SIR), PATH, Roosevelt Island Tramway, AirTrain JFK, NYC Ferry, and the suburban bus operators Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE) and Westchester County Bee-Line System (Bee-Line) are listed below. On all modes of transport except for NYC Ferry, all fare payments must be made using MetroCard or coins (excluding half-dollars and pennies). Both MetroCard and SmartLink are accepted on PATH; however, SmartLink cannot be used on any other transit system
New York City transit fares
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R6 (New York City Subway car) The R6 was a New York City Subway car model built from 1935 to 1936 for the city-operated Independent Subway System by three manufacturers under separate orders, the American Car and Foundry Company, Pullman Standard, and Pressed Steel Car Company. The cars were a continuation of the R4 fleet and look almost the same, except that the R6 had a two-pane front window compared to the R4's one-pane window. The R6s were numbered 900-1399. The contract had three separate orders from different manufacturers due to the large order. The R6 separate orders were R6-3
R6 (New York City Subway car)
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disruption at street level and avoid already existing utilities, but increase cost. Examples of such projects include the extension of the IRT Flushing Line and the IND Second Avenue Line. The MTA has plans to upgrade much of New York City Subway system from a fixed block signaling system to one with communications-based train control (CBTC) technology, which will control the speed and starting and stopping of subway trains. The CBTC system is mostly automated and uses a moving block system – which reduces headways between trains, increases train frequencies and capacities, and relays the trains' positions to a control
Technology of the New York City Subway
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an agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and operator of the New York City Subway. However, there is no direct rail link between the SIR and the subway system. SIR riders receive a free transfer to New York City Subway lines, and the line is included on official New York City Subway maps. Commuters on the railway typically use the Staten Island Ferry to reach Manhattan; the line is accessible from within the Ferry Terminal, and most of its trains connect with the ferry. The Staten Island Railway provides full-time local service between St. George and Tottenville, along the east
Staten Island Railway
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Bluebird Compartment Car (New York City Subway car) The Bluebird, formally dubbed Compartment Car by its purchaser, the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), was an advanced design PCC subway and elevated railway car built by the Clark Equipment Company from 1938 to 1940 and used on the New York City Subway system from 1939 to 1957. The articulated unit, long, wide and high, consisted of three compartments placed on four trucks, connected by fully enclosed, hinged passageways. The Bluebird was an example of Art Deco industrial design, presenting a clean and mildly streamlined appearance. The Bluebird was designed during the Great
Bluebird Compartment Car (New York City Subway car)
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including the station concourses of the Times Square complex and the Sixth Avenue concourse at 42nd Street–Bryant Park. According to the MTA, the New York City Subway is home to 345 retail spaces, making over US$70 million in rent and licensing fees in 2009 for the authority. It is continuing to make efforts in attracting more diverse retailers and vendors to set up shop in the subway system. , there are 111 newsstands in the system, including 20 that are vacant. This includes three empty stands on the Second Avenue Subway that opened that year. Rapid transit and rail connections
New York City Subway stations
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stations in total) is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, the Shanghai Metro, the Guangzhou Metro, the New York City Subway, the Mexico City Metro, the Paris Metro, and the Hong Kong MTR. "Metro" is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. Rapid transit systems may be named after the medium by which passengers travel in busy central business districts; the use of tunnels inspires names such as
Rapid transit
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Jay Street–MetroTech (New York City Subway) Jay Street–MetroTech is a New York City Subway station complex on the IND Fulton Street, IND Culver, and BMT Fourth Avenue Lines. The complex is located in the vicinity of MetroTech Center (near Jay and Willoughby Streets) in Downtown Brooklyn. It is served by the: The complex consists of two distinct, perpendicular stations, formerly known as Jay Street–Borough Hall and Lawrence Street–MetroTech. The Jay Street–Borough Hall station was built by the Independent Subway System (IND) in 1933, while the Lawrence Street station was built by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) in 1924. Despite being
Jay Street–MetroTech (New York City Subway)
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provided access to Queensboro Plaza and the IRT Flushing Line, was closed. The Third Avenue Line closed on May 12, 1955, rendering the transfer obsolete. Najibullah Zazi and alleged co-conspirators were arrested in September 2009 as part of an al-Qaeda Islamist plan to engage in suicide bombings on trains in the New York City subway system, including near the Grand Central Station, and the Times Square-42nd Street-Port Authority Bus Terminal subway station during rush hour that month, and Zazi has pleaded guilty. nycsubway.org: Various: Google Maps; Street View: Grand Central–42nd Street (New York City Subway) Grand Central–42nd Street is a
Grand Central–42nd Street (New York City Subway)
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325 new IRT subway cars from Kawasaki Heavy Industries of Japan. It would be the first purchase of foreign-made subway cars that ever ran on the New York City Subway system. Other candidates for this order included Bombardier and the Budd Company. The first Capital Program allocated funding for the purchase of 1,150 subway cars, and Kawasaki was not interested in building another 825 IRT cars. Bombardier ended up winning the contract for the R62As. In October 1982, a consortium of French engineering companies was selected by the MTA to build 225 subway cars, which became known as the R68s.
History of the New York City Subway
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West Fourth Street–Washington Square (New York City Subway) West Fourth Street–Washington Square is an express station and transfer stop on the IND Sixth Avenue and IND Eighth Avenue Lines of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of West Fourth Street and Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) in Greenwich Village, Manhattan. It is served by: West Fourth Street was one of the 28 stations opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the first line of the Independent Subway System (IND), the Eighth Avenue Line, from Chambers Street to Inwood–207th Street. At the time, only the upper
West Fourth Street–Washington Square (New York City Subway)
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of the Chrystie Street Connection resulted in a number of changes. The following services have been operated since then: B Division (New York City Subway) The New York City Subway's B Division consists of the lines that operate with lettered services (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, L, M, N, Q, R, W, and Z), as well as the Franklin Avenue and Rockaway Park Shuttles. These lines and services were operated by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation and city-owned Independent Subway System before the 1940 city takeover of the BMT. B Division rolling stock is wider, longer, and heavier
B Division (New York City Subway)
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of . The solar panel system has a nominal power of about 210 kWp, which generates an annual output of 250,000 kWh, which the station can use to offset power needs. The solar panels provide about 15% of the station's power. Due to their location near the beachfront, the station roof's solar panels needed to meet stringent hurricane standards. To meet those standards, the panels for the station were rigorously tested in a laboratory in York, Pennsylvania. This makes Stillwell Avenue the first solar-powered subway station in the New York City Subway system. The solar panels were expected to last
Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue (New York City Subway)
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most used scheme is used on all B Division lines, originally built to the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) and Independent Subway System (IND)'s wider specifications, and on most of the A Division lines, built to the narrower specifications of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT). An older system was used on all of the A Division, but with the conversion of the IRT Dyre Avenue Line signals to the B Division scheme in September 2017, this system is no longer in use. As part of the modernization of the New York City Subway, the MTA plans to upgrade much of
Signaling of the New York City Subway
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improve signals, communications infrastructure, or rolling stock. On July 25, 2017, Chairman Joe Lhota announced a two-phase, $9 billion New York City Subway Action Plan to stabilize the subway system and to prevent the continuing decline of the system. The first phase, costing $836 million, consisted of five categories of improvements in Signal and Track Maintenance, Car Reliability, System Safety and Cleanliness, Customer Communication, and Critical Management Group. The $8 billion second phase would implement the winning proposals from the Genius Transit Challenge and fix more widespread problems. Six winning submissions for the Genius Transit Challenge were announced in March
New York City Subway
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passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns. The five boroughs of New York City — The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island — were consolidated into a single city in 1898. The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections between the boroughs and the growth of bedroom communities. The New York City Subway began operating in 1904 as the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, one of three systems (the other two being the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation and the Independent Subway System) that were later taken over by the city. Railroad stations
New York metropolitan area
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a majority of today's system. Even with this expansion, public officials wanted more. In 1922, Mayor John Hylan put out his plan for over 100 miles of new subway lines going to all five boroughs. His plan was intended to directly compete with the two private subway operators, the IRT and the BMT. This plan was never furthered. The next big plan, and arguably the most ambitious in the subway system's history, was the "Second System." The 1929 plan by the Independent Subway to construct new subway lines, the Second System would take over existing subway lines and railroad right-of-ways.
Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway
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of the system and expanding the system to reflect population shifts. The plan called for eliminating 26 miles of elevated lines and building 17 miles of new subway lines, and 20 miles of new surface lines. Proposals included: The RPA also recommended the following prioritized expenditures looking forward to the year 2000: In April 1986, the New York City Transit Authority began to study the possibility of eliminating sections of 11 subway lines because of low ridership. The segments are primarily located in low-income neighborhoods of the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens, with a total of 79 stations, and 45 miles
History of the New York City Subway
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affixed to it. In September 2018, cars 7847-7848 were fitted with new LCD advertisement screens, replacing the traditional paper advertisements that are usually located there. R188 (New York City Subway car) The R188 is a class of new technology (NTT) New York City Subway cars built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the A Division. The 506-car fleet entered service in 2013, displacing the 1980s-era R62 and R62A cars that operated on the , in order to automate the IRT Flushing Line's signal system with Communications-based train control (CBTC). The R188 order also expanded the 7's fleet as part of the
R188 (New York City Subway car)
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B Division (New York City Subway) The New York City Subway's B Division consists of the lines that operate with lettered services (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, L, M, N, Q, R, W, and Z), as well as the Franklin Avenue and Rockaway Park Shuttles. These lines and services were operated by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation and city-owned Independent Subway System before the 1940 city takeover of the BMT. B Division rolling stock is wider, longer, and heavier than those of the A Division, measuring by . The two former systems are still sometimes referred to as
B Division (New York City Subway)
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G (New York City Subway service) The G Brooklyn-Queens Crosstown is an rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it uses the IND Crosstown Line. The G operates at all times between Court Square in Long Island City, Queens, and Church Avenue in Kensington, Brooklyn, making local stops along its entire route. The G is the only non-shuttle service in the system that does not serve Manhattan. Since the 2000s, several improvements have been made to the G, including a route extension in Brooklyn and a
G (New York City Subway service)
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the construction of a new school building. York is served by the Toronto Transit Commission's buses and subway system. It formerly had its own bus and streetcar service until it was absorbed by the Toronto Transit Commission. Of the Toronto subway system, only the Heath Street exit of St. Clair West station on the Line 1 Yonge–University is in the former city of York. The Rogers Road streetcar line served the namesake street as well. The TTC once had plans to construct the Eglinton West subway line along Eglinton Avenue in the former city of York. However, it was cancelled
York, Toronto