during the english civil war those who supported the monarch were called
Cavaliers
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English Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's governance. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I
English Civil War
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Since the Civil War during 1922 and 1923, the Irish Republic has been an important symbol for radical republicans, amongst others. The Civil War began in June 1922 when both Sinn Féin and the IRA split between those pragmatists, who supported the Treaty, and those hardline republicans who opposed the compromises it contained. In particular the anti-Treaty faction objected to the continued role in the Irish constitution that would be granted to the British monarch under the Irish Free State. When the Dáil ratified the Treaty its opponents of the agreement walked out, arguing that the Dáil was attempting to
Irish Republic
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United Reformed Church at Llanvaches survives to this day. During the English Civil War, those who supported the Parliamentary cause were invited by Parliament to discuss religious matters. The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) was officially claimed to be the statement of faith for both the Church of England (Anglican/Episcopal) and Church of Scotland (Presbyterian), which was politically expedient for those in the Presbyterian dominated English Parliament who approved of the Solemn League and Covenant (1643). After the Second Civil War, the New Model Army which was dominated by Congregationalists (or Independents) seized control of the parliament with Pride's purge
Congregational church
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extremist politics in the 1920–1960 era. He reports: In Great Britain, conservative ideas (though not yet called that) emerged in the Tory movement during the Restoration period (1660–1688). Toryism supported a hierarchical society with a monarch who ruled by divine right. Tories opposed the idea that sovereignty derived from the people and rejected the authority of parliament and freedom of religion. Robert Filmer's "Patriarcha: or the Natural Power of Kings" (published posthumously in 1680, but written before the English Civil War of 1642–1651) became accepted as the statement of their doctrine. However, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 destroyed this principle
Conservatism
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the United States. Robert Overton Major-General Robert Overton (about 1609–1678) was a prominent English soldier and scholar, who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War, and was imprisoned a number of times during the Protectorate and the English Restoration for his strong republican views. As positions hardened during the period before the English Civil War, Robert Overton supported the Parliamentary cause. He was probably influenced by Sir William Constable later to become a regicide. At the outbreak of the First English Civil War, he tried to join the army of Lord Ferdinando Fairfax, but no official positions were
Robert Overton
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Robert Overton Major-General Robert Overton (about 1609–1678) was a prominent English soldier and scholar, who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War, and was imprisoned a number of times during the Protectorate and the English Restoration for his strong republican views. As positions hardened during the period before the English Civil War, Robert Overton supported the Parliamentary cause. He was probably influenced by Sir William Constable later to become a regicide. At the outbreak of the First English Civil War, he tried to join the army of Lord Ferdinando Fairfax, but no official positions were available. He was
Robert Overton
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his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of Reformed groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views were too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own
Charles I of England
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Richard Deane (regicide) Richard Deane (1610–1653), Englishman who supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. He was a General at Sea, major-general and regicide. Deane was a younger son of Edward Deane of Temple Guiting or Guyting in Gloucestershire, where he was born, his baptism taking place on 8 July 1610. His family seems to have been strongly Puritan and was related to many of those Buckinghamshire families who were prominent among Oliver Cromwell's supporters during the English Civil War. His uncle or great-uncle was Sir Richard Deane, Lord Mayor of London in 1628–1629. Few records of Deane's
Richard Deane (regicide)
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connection with those of the Civil War, but the wars were mixed with, and formed part of, a linked series of conflicts and civil wars between 1639 and 1652 in the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which at that time shared a monarch, but were distinct states in political organisation. These linked conflicts are also known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms by some recent historians, aiming to have a unified overview, rather than treating parts of the other conflicts as a background to the English Civil War. On the side of the King were enlisted: The first
First English Civil War
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of England in 1649 and the reaction of the populace to his death, specifically the disrespect offered his body and memory by the Parliamentarians. Katherine Philips is often associated with a class of poets termed Royalist or Cavalier denoting their political sympathy to the Royalist cause, those who supported the monarchy of King Charles I of England during the English Civil War and the following English Interregnum. However, while Philips is often classified among these writers, throughout the English Civil War and the English Interregnum she generally kept a relatively neutral political tone in her writings. This is a result
Upon the Double Murder of King Charles
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Cavalier poet The cavalier poets was a school of English poets of the 17th century, that came from the classes that supported King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Charles, a connoisseur of the fine arts, supported poets who created the art he craved. These poets in turn grouped themselves with the King and his service, thus becoming Cavalier Poets. A cavalier was traditionally a mounted soldier or knight, but when the term was applied to those who supported Charles, it was meant to portray them as roistering gallants. The term was thus meant to belittle and insult.
Cavalier poet
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foreign intervention supported by Mexican conservatives. However, pragmatic politicians, preeminently Benito Juárez, born in a Zapotec village in Oaxaca, as well as Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, and Melchor Ocampo implemented liberal reforms and defended them during civil war and foreign invasion. None of these men were great thinkers, but they were all guided by liberal principles. With the ouster of the French in 1867 and the discrediting of Mexican conservatives who had supported the regime of foreign monarch Maximilian I of Mexico, Juárez, and his successor following his death of natural causes in 1872, Sebastián Lerdo
Liberalism in Mexico
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Pride's Purge Pride's Purge was an event that took place in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops of the New Model Army under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents. Some have called it a "coup d'état". In 1648, King Charles I was in captivity at Carisbrooke Castle and the first stage of the English Civil War was over. The Long Parliament issued a set of demands for the future government of the Kingdom
Pride's Purge
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deemed ineligible to hold any office in the Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee became the sole nation of the Five Civilized Tribes to abolish slavery during the war. But despite the actions of the National Council, few slaves were freed. Those Cherokee loyal to the Confederacy held more slaves than did pro-Union Cherokee. Despite agreeing to end slavery, pro-Union Cherokee did not provide for civil and social equality for Freedmen in the Cherokee Nation. After the Civil War ended in 1865, the factions of Cherokee who supported the Union and those who supported the Confederacy continued to be at odds. In
Cherokee freedmen controversy
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quartered on his estates in 1644 the family supported the King during the Civil War. Aldborough was treated as a delinquent and his estates at Humberton were sequestrated. Following his death his son William begged Parliament for the release of the estates in 1650. Richard Aldborough Richard Aldborough (1607 – 1649) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War. Aldborough was the son of Arthur Aldborough (1585 - after 1653) and his wife Elizabeth Holland, daughter of Richard Holland of Denton, Lancashire. In April 1640,
Richard Aldborough
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diary (many of these notes, he says, were furnished by Mr. Aspland) states that Burghall married a sister of John Bruen, but he does not give any authority for the statement; and all the marriages of Bruen's sisters are shown in Ormerod's pedigree of the Bruen family. Edward Burghall Edward Burghall (died 1665) was an English ejected minister, a Puritan who supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. He is known for a diary called "Providence improved", which describes the state of Cheshire throughout the English Civil War. From this diary the main facts of Burghall's life can
Edward Burghall
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to 1833 when they launched a six-year civil war against the state. The Carlists were strongly intransigent to any coalition with other movements, even believing that no non-Carlist could have honest intentions. During the war, the Carlists' militia, the "Requetés" reached a peak of 42,000 recruits but by the end of hostilities in April 1939 their overall strength had been reduced to 23,000. The Alfonsists were a movement that supported the restoration of Alfonso XIII of Spain as monarch following the founding of the Spanish Second Republic in 1931. They competed with rival monarchists, the Carlists, for the Spanish throne.
Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)
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Engagers The Engagers were a faction of the Scottish Covenanters, who made "The Engagement" with King Charles I in December 1647 while he was imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle by the English Parliamentarians after his defeat in the First Civil War. The Covenanters, a national Presbyterian movement, governed Scotland from 1639–1651, during the civil Wars of the Three Kingdoms. They supported the English Parliamentarians in the First English Civil War in return for the Long Parliament agreeing to the Solemn League and Covenant, which promised reform in England and support for the Scottish church settlement. After the Scottish Covenants and their
Engagers
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after the dauphin's accession and three days before his coronation as Charles V, the Navarrese suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Cocherel. In 1366 there was a civil war of succession in Castile (part of modern Spain). The forces of the ruler Peter of Castile were pitched against those of his half-brother Henry of Trastámara. The English crown supported Peter; the French supported Henry. French forces were led by Bertrand du Guesclin, a Breton, who rose from relatively humble beginnings to prominence as one of France's war leaders. Charles V provided a force of 12,000, with du Guesclin
Hundred Years' War
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Birmingham. He died in 1648. Porter's two sons Josiah and Samual, both continued as sword-cutlers, or "long-cutlers" as they were sometimes called. Samuel who lived at New Hall, dabbled in coal mines, without benefit to himself of his relatives. Attribution: Robert Porter (sword-cutler) Robert Porter (after 1603–1648) was a sword-cutler in Birmingham who supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. Robert Porter was the third son of Henry Porter (died c. 1619) and Anne, daughter of William Colmore, of New Hall, Birmingham. At the start of the Civil War started Porter owned a water mill called Town Mill
Robert Porter (sword-cutler)
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Edward Burghall Edward Burghall (died 1665) was an English ejected minister, a Puritan who supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. He is known for a diary called "Providence improved", which describes the state of Cheshire throughout the English Civil War. From this diary the main facts of Burghall's life can also be gathered. Before the civil war Burghall was schoolmaster at Bunbury, Cheshire, and was probably appointed to the post about 1632. The parish school at Bunbury, of which Burghall was master, was founded in 1594, and was endowed with "£20 per annum, one house and some
Edward Burghall
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in 1950. They included many Japanese soldiers as well as Chinese such as Puyi and Zhang Jinghui. Those held in Taiyuan included Japanese soldiers who after the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War had joined the Nationalists and fought against the communists during the Chinese Civil War. In contrast with their time in Siberia, Japanese POWs were given better treatment from the Chinese communists. However, a long-term "crime recognition campaign" was imposed at the same time on those soldiers who were believed to have undertaken, supported, and witnessed Japan's numerous and inhumane criminal acts during the war. This involved them
Association of Returnees from China
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who had no sons, died in late 1437. The Estates elected his son-in-law, Albert V of Austria, king. Albert promised not to make any decisions without consulting the prelates and the lords. He died of dysentery during an unsuccessful military operation against the Ottomans in 1439. Although Albert's widow, Elizabeth of Luxembourg, gave birth to a posthumous son, Ladislaus V, most noblemen preferred a monarch capable to fight. They offered the crown to Władysław III of Poland. Both Ladislaus and Władysław were crowned which caused a civil war. John Hunyadi, a talented military leader who supported Władysław, rose to prominence
Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)
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Thomas Andrewes Sir Thomas Andrewes (died 1659) was a London financier who supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil Wars, and sat as a commissioner at the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I. During the Third English Civil War, as Lord Mayor of London, he made sure that there was no trouble in London. During the Interregnum he supported Oliver Cromwell, and was knighted by him in 1657. Many sources confuse him with another Thomas Andrewes, who had a more prominent role in the British East India Company and was a contemporary of the London
Thomas Andrewes
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five survived them: four sons and a daughter. Thomas Andrewes Sir Thomas Andrewes (died 1659) was a London financier who supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil Wars, and sat as a commissioner at the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I. During the Third English Civil War, as Lord Mayor of London, he made sure that there was no trouble in London. During the Interregnum he supported Oliver Cromwell, and was knighted by him in 1657. Many sources confuse him with another Thomas Andrewes, who had a more prominent role in the British East India
Thomas Andrewes
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and early 1920s, anti-Habsburg Revolutionaries sought to remove him from the throne and sparked the Mexican Civil War in 1917. The Revolutionaries were supported by the United States while the Monarchs were supported by the Confederate States. The civil war ended with a Monarch victory in 1925 and Maximilian's throne was safe. He served as the emperor until at least 1942 and saw the beginning of the Second Great War and Mexico join the Entente Powers once again. Francisco José II is Emperor of Mexico in the 1940s (successor of Maximilian III), and as such, analogous to the role of
Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series
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colleges for higher education. The Cherokee, Choctaw and Creek nations were among those Native American tribes that held enslaved blacks before and during the American Civil War. They supported the Confederacy during the war, supplying some warriors in the West, as they were promised their own state if the Confederacy won. After the end of the war, the U.S. required these tribes to make peace treaties, and to emancipate their slaves. They were required to offer full citizenship in their tribes to those freedmen who wanted to stay with the tribes. Numerous families had intermarried by that time or had
Freedman
13596023
Hezekiah Haynes Hezekiah Haynes (died 1693) supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil War rising to the rank of major. During the Interregnum, under the patronage of his war time commander General Charles Fleetwood, he held a number of administrative posts in the under the early Commonwealth and Protectorate. He supported his old general during the late Commonwealth, and after spending 18 months in prison during the first couple of years of the Restoration, he retired to the family estate of Copford Hall in Essex. Haynes supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil War. At the outbreak of
Hezekiah Haynes
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died in 1693. Hezekiah Haynes Hezekiah Haynes (died 1693) supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil War rising to the rank of major. During the Interregnum, under the patronage of his war time commander General Charles Fleetwood, he held a number of administrative posts in the under the early Commonwealth and Protectorate. He supported his old general during the late Commonwealth, and after spending 18 months in prison during the first couple of years of the Restoration, he retired to the family estate of Copford Hall in Essex. Haynes supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil War. At
Hezekiah Haynes
17682571
1914 (and subsequent change of St. Petersburg's name to "Petrograd"), the faction lines within the RSDRP were drastically redrawn over the issue of support for the war. Those who supported the war were called "Defensists" and those who were opposed to it were called "Defeatists". Most members of the Mezhraionka, as well as Lenin and some Mensheviks, adopted an anti-war position and by late 1915 the organization had 60-80 members. Due to growing popular disillusionment with the war, by the time the February Revolution of 1917 broke out, the organization had 400-500 members. Mezhraionka members were active in Petrograd during
Mezhraiontsy
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Roman Catholicism. The Parliament of England objected both to Charles's religious policies and to his Personal Rule from 1629 to 1640, during which he never summoned Parliament. These disputes led to the English Civil Wars. After the royalists were defeated by the Parliamentarians, Charles was put on trial. He was charged with attempting to govern as an absolute monarch rather than in combination with Parliament; with fighting against his people; with continuing the war after the defeat of his forces (the Second English Civil War); with conspiring after defeat to promote yet another continuation; and with encouraging his troops to
King Charles the Martyr
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Sir Thomas Billingsley. Another brother was Capt. John Billingsley, who supported Parliament during the Civil War and was brother-in-law to the Regicide Daniel Blagrave. Amongst the children of Francis and Eleanor were Francis Billingsley who served as a major in the Royalist army, and Capt. Edward Billingsley who married a daughter of another Royalist officer, Francis Sandford, and served in Ireland during the 1640s. Francis Billingsley Colonel Francis Billingsley was a Royalist officer in the English Civil War. Placed in charge of the defences of Bridgnorth in Shropshire, he was killed in the churchyard of St Leonard's when the town
Francis Billingsley
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of the English Civil War. The Court Party soon became known as the Tories, a name that has stuck despite the official name being 'Conservative'. The term "Tory" originates from the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678-1681 - the Whigs were those who supported the exclusion of the Roman Catholic Duke of York from the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland, and the Tories were those who opposed it. Both names were originally insults: a "whiggamore" was a horse drover (See Whiggamore Raid), and a "tory" ("Tóraidhe") was an Irish term for an outlaw, later applied to Irish Confederates and Irish
Politics of the United Kingdom
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Barcheston at that time. During the English Civil War the Sheldon family supported the Royalist cause, and after the war their lands were confiscated. With the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 and accession of King Charles II, their lands were returned to them and a second Ralph Sheldon, known as ‘the Great’ (1623–1684) commissioned copies of two of the earlier tapestries, those of Oxfordshire and Worcestershire, possibly because the originals had been damaged. Instead of the detailed imagery of the Elizabethan borders on the four originals these tapestries were woven with a stylised picture frame and classical decorations. The
Sheldon tapestries
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was elected MP for East Looe for the Long Parliament in November 1640 and sat until he was excluded under Pride's Purge in 1648. During the Civil War he commanded a regiment for the Parliamentary army at Plymouth. He subsequently moved to Kent. Buller married Thomasine Honeywood, daughter of Sir Thomas Honeywood of Elmstead Kent. His sons Francis and John were also MPs in Cornwall. Francis Buller (Parliamentarian) Francis Buller was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1624 and 1648. He supported the Parliamentary side in the English Civil War. Buller was the son
Francis Buller (Parliamentarian)
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along with the date of establishment. In 1854, the university established the fourth state-supported, public law school in the United States, and also began offering engineering education. With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, classes were interrupted when almost the entire student body (135 out of 139 students) from the University of Mississippi enlisted in the Confederate army. The Lyceum was used as a hospital during the Civil War for both Union and Confederate soldiers, especially those who were wounded at the battle of Shiloh. Two hundred-fifty soldiers who died in the campus hospital were buried in a
University of Mississippi
5467144
Independent (religion) In English church history, Independents advocated local congregational control of religious and church matters, without any wider geographical hierarchy, either ecclesiastical or political. Independents reached particular prominence between 1642 and 1660, in the period of the English Civil War and of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, wherein the Parliamentary Army became the champion of Independent religious views against the Anglicanism or the Catholicism of Royalists and the Presbyterianism favoured by Parliament itself. The Independents advocated freedom of religion for non-Catholics. During the First Civil War, the Parliamentary cause was supported by an alliance of Anglicans who supported Parliamentary traditions,
Independent (religion)
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second son of James I, Charles I, inherited the throne (his older brother Henry having died before his father). Unfortunately Charles's political judgment was appalling – he reigned for eleven years without convening the Parliament of England, as he was not disposed to accept direction from it when it was sitting, and the ensuing Civil War eventually cost Charles both his crown and his head. Numismatically, Charles I's reign is without doubt the most interesting and complicated of any English monarch. Many varieties were produced at the Tower mint, and a number of provincial mints were opened during the Civil
History of the English penny (1603–1707)
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Unton Croke Unton Croke (159328 January 1671) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1628 and 1640. He supported the Parliamentarian cause during the English Civil War. Croke was the son of Sir John Croke of Chilton, Buckinghamshire, and Studley, Oxfordshire, who was a judge, recorder of London and Speaker of the House of Commons, and his wife Catherine, the daughter of Sir Michael Blount of Mapledurham House in Oxfordshire. He was 1st cousin to Sir James Whitelocke. He matriculated at Oxford University on 2 March 1610, and in 1616 he was called
Unton Croke
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hearts joined in secret and holding each other's secrets, sublimely elevating the friends to such ecstasies that they pity the mundane pleasures and powers of worldly rulers" (529). "Upon the Double Murder of King Charles" is a more politically minded piece than many of her others from this time period, although she is often associated with a class of poets termed Royalist or Cavalier poets, noting their political sympathy to the Royalist cause, those who supported the monarchy of King Charles I of England during the English Civil War and the following English Interregnum. She inspired the figure of "Orinda",
Katherine Philips
10338301
was to advise. Nonetheless, Elizabeth was almost never interested in Parliament’s advice. Elections occurred only for the House of Commons. Who was in Parliament depended mainly on who was supported by the important local people. Only those that were male and received a certain annual income could vote. The monarch decided when Parliament was to be called. In total, Elizabeth only called Parliament thirteen times, 11 of which were to ask for money. Local governments were important in Tudor England. Royal representatives (Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs, and Lords Lieutenant) were appointed in every county; they ensured that the queen’s
Elizabethan government
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John Glanville Sir John Glanville the younger (1586 – 2 October 1661), was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1644. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons during the Short Parliament. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Glanville was the son of Sir John Glanville the elder, of Broad Hinton in Wiltshire. His father was a judge and Member of Parliament. Glanville was brought up as an attorney, but entered Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar on 6 February 1610. He was
John Glanville
329015
High Street, which is now private and called Buckingham House; it bears a commemorative plaque. Most residents, including the mayor, supported the parliamentarians during the English Civil War, although its military governor, Colonel Goring, supported the royalists. The town became a major base for the parliamentarian navy and was blockaded from the sea. Parliamentarian troops were sent to raid it by land in the Siege of Portsmouth; the guns of Southsea Castle were fired at the royalist garrison in the town. Across the harbour, parliamentarians in Gosport joined in the assault, with their guns damaging St Thomas's Church. On 5
Portsmouth
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Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War (2011) During the early stages of the Libyan Civil War of 2011, the Gaddafi regime was still in power: but there was widespread withdrawal of support from that regime by influential persons and organisations within the country. Among those who no longer supported the regime, the main concern they expressed was what they regarded as its use of excessive force against peaceful protestors. There were many resignations by ministers of the governing council and other senior officials, diplomats posted abroad, and senior military officers. Islamic clerics, tribal leaders, and members of the former
Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War (2011)
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killing our children. Why are they doing this? For what? Life was good before!" Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War (2011) During the early stages of the Libyan Civil War of 2011, the Gaddafi regime was still in power: but there was widespread withdrawal of support from that regime by influential persons and organisations within the country. Among those who no longer supported the regime, the main concern they expressed was what they regarded as its use of excessive force against peaceful protestors. There were many resignations by ministers of the governing council and other senior officials, diplomats posted
Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War (2011)
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and during many decades thereafter, sporadic U. S. definitive issues appeared in honor of Civil War-related statesmen and military leaders—exclusively those, however, who had supported the Union cause. Their Confederate counterparts remained unrecognized on American stamps until 1937, when Lee and Jackson were included among the Civil War generals and admirals pictured in the commemorative Army-Navy issues, a series promoted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (himself a stamp enthusiast). Even then, however, with the war some seven decades in the past, this inclusion of a stamp honoring Confederate generals proved controversial. After the issue was announced in May 1936, a
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
1865366
crown colony. Governors continued to be appointed by the monarch for many years. Most often, the appointed governor would reside in England while a deputy or lieutenant governor actually exercised authority. Royal rule was interrupted during the English Civil War (1642-46 / 1648-49), after which governors were appointed by the Protectorate under Richard Cromwell (successor to Oliver Cromwell) in the interim Commonwealth of England until the English Restoration of the monarchy with King Charles II in 1660. Virginia became an independent sovereign state and Commonwealth during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), with Patrick Henry (1736-1799, served 1776-79 / 1786-89) as
Governor of Virginia
16450817
Sir John Norton, 3rd Baronet Sir John Norton, 3rd Baronet (1620 – 9 January 1687) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1661 and 1687. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Norton was the son of Sir Richard Norton, 1st Baronet and his wife Amy Bilson, daughter of Thomas Bilson, Bishop of Winchester. He matriculated at Corpus Christi, Oxford on 23 June 1637, aged 17. He was admitted to Middle Temple in 1641. During the CIvil War, he and his father supported the King and suffered accordingly. He succeeded to the
Sir John Norton, 3rd Baronet
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30 May 1643. In his speech to the populace at the place of execution Bouchier exhorted all those who had set their hands to the plough (meaning the defence of the royal cause) not to be terrified by his and his fellow-prisoner's sufferings into withdrawing their exertions in the king's service. There is a small portrait of Bouchier in the preface to William Winstanley's "Loyall Martyrology", 1665. George Bouchier George Bouchier or Bourchier (died 1643) was a wealthy merchant of Bristol who supported the royalist cause during the English Civil War. Bourchier entered into a plot with Robert Yeamans, who
George Bouchier
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lesser degree Persia. Some Circassians joined Cossacks. Grebensky (Row) Cossacks were of Circassian origin from the very beginning. There were Mozdok Cossacks of Circassian origin as well. The genocide of Terek Cossacks during the Civil war was a continuation of the genocide of Circassians, former allies of the Russian Empire who supported the Communists. Most of the historical Circassian territories were historically distributed amongst the allies of the Russian Empire, such as certain Vainakh and Turkic families. However, many of those new settlers were exiled by Stalin in 1944, and some of those lands was redistributed, this time, to Georgians
Caucasian War
639897
was among those who wished to see officialese replaced by normal English. In 1929 he remarked in a speech about the civil service, "It is said... that we revel in jargon and obscurity". During the Second World War, with the role of government greatly expanded, official communications proliferated, and in Gowers's view were full of "mistiness and grandiloquence". He called for a new style of official writing, friendly in tone and easy to understand. His views came to the notice of the head of the civil service, Sir Edward Bridges, permanent secretary to the Treasury. After Gowers retired from the
The Complete Plain Words
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Independents in the Second English Civil War. Those that supported this engagement between the King became known as Engagers. The Engagers army under the command of the Duke of Hamilton was defeated by the New Model Army under the command of Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Preston (1648). Those Covenanters who had opposed the Engagement, seized the opportunity presented by the loss of credibility suffered by the Engagers and launched the Whiggamore Raid which led to their successful capture of Edinburgh. This initiated the short civil war between the Engagers and their opponents known as the Kirk party. The
Battle of Stirling (1648)
7914724
al-Zoghbi. Zoghbi had called for Shiites to be purged from Muslim countries and called on Allah to inflict them with cancer and freeze the blood in their veins. Juburi called the cleric a liar and a lunatic and called for him to be banned from TV. During the 2011 Libyan civil war, he went on TV to say he supported Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, saying protests should focus on pro-American governments. His channel Arrai TV has been used by overseas Libyans to defend the Gaddafi regime and denounce the replacement government and to keep morale up of those who have
Misha'an al-Juburi
15478616
no children from either marriage, so the baronetcy became extinct on his death. Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Fiskerton Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Fiskerton (c. 1632 – 24 September 1687) was an English soldier and politician. During the English Civil War he supported the Royalist cause. After the Restoration he sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1685. Gerard was the son of Ratcliffe Gerard and his wife Jennet Barret, daughter of Edward Barret, of Pembrokeshire. His family supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War and at the start of the first war
Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Fiskerton
15478608
Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Fiskerton Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Fiskerton (c. 1632 – 24 September 1687) was an English soldier and politician. During the English Civil War he supported the Royalist cause. After the Restoration he sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1685. Gerard was the son of Ratcliffe Gerard and his wife Jennet Barret, daughter of Edward Barret, of Pembrokeshire. His family supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War and at the start of the first war he was commissioned as a captain into the same foot regiment as his
Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Fiskerton
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are called. In 1497 it was the departure point for John Cabot on the Matthew. A fort was built on Battery Point, and was used during the English Civil War when the town supported the Royalists, but surrendered to Fairfax in 1645. Guns were also placed at Battery Point during World War II. The King Road was the site of a naval action in 1758 when HMS Antelope captured HMS Belliqueux, one of a French squadron returning from Quebec. A mill was built on Welhay stream but this was replaced by tidal mills. In the 17th century the City of
Portishead, Somerset
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Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet (baptised 20 July 1600 – buried 29 June 1659) was an English MP for Bridgnorth and High Sheriff of Shropshire, who supported Royalist cause during the English Civil War. He was born the son of Sir Walter Acton of Aldenham Park and Frances Acton, near Bridgnorth, Shropshire. He was created 1st Baronet Acton of Aldenham (Aldenham Hall, in Morville), Shropshire on 17 January 1643 (1644?). He married Sarah Mytton, daughter of Richard Mytton and Margaret Owen, in 1624. Sir Edward was a Royalist during the English Civil War and fought
Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet
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named after Boston, Lincolnshire, in England. During the 1640s, as the English Civil War reached its climax, the founder of English Quakerism, George Fox (1624–1691), discovered his religious vocation. Under the Puritan English Commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell, Quakers in England were persecuted, and during the 1650s various groups of Quakers left England as 'Publishers of Truth'. Mary Dyer was an English Puritan living in Boston, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1637 she supported Anne Hutchinson, who believed that God 'spoke directly to individuals' and not only through the clergy. They began organizing Bible study groups in violation of
Boston martyrs
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John Arundell (Royalist) John Arundell of Trerice (16131701) was a Cornish politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. He supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. Arundell was the eldest son of Sir John Arundell of Trerice and his wife Mary Cary, daughter of George Cary of Clovelly. His father was head of one of Cornwall's leading families and a member of most of the Parliaments between 1597 and 1640. In November 1640, Arundell was elected Member of Parliament for Bodmin in the Long Parliament. He was one of those who voted against
John Arundell (Royalist)
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Thus the English Parliament refused to pay for a royal army to put down the rebellion in Ireland; instead Parliament decided to raise its own armed forces. The king did likewise, rallying those Royalists (some of them members of Parliament) who believed their fortunes were best served by loyalty to the king. The English Civil War ignited in 1642. Scottish Covenanters (as Presbyterians there called themselves) joined forces with the English Parliament in late 1643 and played a major role in the Parliamentary victory. Over more than two years the king's forces were ground down by the efficiency of those
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
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restored. However, due to the Scots' enmity to the English Parliament in the final stages of the English Civil War, English settlers rather than Scots were the main beneficiary of this scheme. There was a generation of calm in Ireland until another war broke out in 1689, again due to political conflict closely aligned with ethnic and religious differences. The Williamite war in Ireland (1689–91) was fought between Jacobites who supported the restoration of the Catholic James II to the throne of England and Williamites who supported the Protestant William of Orange. The majority of the Protestant colonists throughout Ireland
Ulster Scots people
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criticism of slavery, and speech related to criticism of the American Civil War. Curtis discusses the efforts of abolitionists Elijah Lovejoy and Hinton Helper. The book discusses in detail attempts by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln to curtail free speech during the American Civil War. He comments on the ways attitudes about free speech affected events in history related to this period of time, "The weakness of the popular free-speech tradition (especially in the South) encouraged violence that did not end with the Civil War ... [but was] revived during Reconstruction to silence those who supported civil and political rights for
Free Speech, "The People's Darling Privilege"
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Edward Cludd Edward Cludd (1603–1678) was a Justice of the Peace and Knight of the Shire for the County of Nottingham during the Interregnum. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. Cludd was born at Arnold and lived in the house he built called Norwood Park. As a Justice of the Peace, he married many persons under an oak in Norwood Park, which became known as "Cludd's Oak". During the First Civil War and was an influential figure in the county of Nottingham. It was by his invitation, and under his protection the Commissioners of Scotland resided,
Edward Cludd
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1622 and 1642. He travelled in foreign countries and became a Roman Catholic while in Rome (having been brought up a puritan). He returned to England and was knighted on 27 July 1639 by King Charles I at Berwick. In 1640 he was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the English army commanded by Earl of Northumberland (during the Second Bishops' War with Scotland). In the Civil War he suffered for the Royalist cause. https://archive.org/details/visitationofengl09howa Vivian Molyneux Sir Vivian Molyneux (born "c." 1596 – after 1642) was an English scholar and traveller, who supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Molyneux
Vivian Molyneux
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in convention at Baltimore, Maryland, during the first week in June 1864, in order to accommodate the War Democrats who supported the war and wished to separate themselves from the Copperheads. The convention dropped then-Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, a Radical Republican from the ticket, and chose War Democrat Andrew Johnson as Lincoln's running mate. The National Unionists hoped that the new party and the Lincoln-Johnson ticket would stress the national character of the war. The party supported a Platform of 11 resolutions. Several resolutions were notable as they specified that the cause of the Civil War was slavery, called for
1864 National Union National Convention
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at home. Throughout the 1380s, though, the politics of the City of London tracked those of Westminster, and if indeed England "was all but on the brink of civil war," then Londoners were also split between those who supported the King and those his opponents. Yet these divisions within London's political society were not due to high politics. They were part of a deeper struggle between political factions over the fundamental governance of the City and the direction of its civic society. It was during this period of crisis that Nicholas Exton first appears in contemporary records. It is possible
Nicholas Exton
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1888, over fifty years after the practice was outlawed across the British Empire. During the Carlist Wars, Spain was wracked by civil war, as a result of a power struggle between the royal heir, Isabella and Carlists, led by the Pretender, Don Carlos, her uncle. Fearing a resurgent theocratic Spain, the possible re-emergence of long-silent pretenders to the British throne, a new Spanish monarch that might refuse to accept the independence of Spain's lost Latin American colonies, and domestic secessionism (particularly amongst Irish Catholics), the United Kingdom steadfastly supported Isabella who was a liberal instead of the Carlist pretenders who
Spain–United Kingdom relations
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Francis Hacker Colonel Francis Hacker (died 19 October 1660) was an English soldier who fought for Parliament during the English Civil War and one of the Regicides of King Charles I of England. Hacker was third son of Francis Hacker of East Bridgford and Colston Basset, Nottinghamshire, by Margaret, daughter of Walter Whalley of Cotgrave. From the outbreak of the English Civil War Hacker vehemently supported the Parliamentary cause, though the rest of his family seem to have been royalists. On 10 July 1644 he was appointed one of the militia committee for the county of Leicester, the scene of
Francis Hacker
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John Desborough John Desborough (1608–1680) was an English soldier and politician who supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil War. He was the son of James Desborough of Eltisley, Cambridgeshire, and of Elizabeth Hatley of Over in the same county. He was baptized on 13 November 1608. He was educated in law. On 23 June 1636 he married Eltisley Jane, daughter of Robert Cromwell of Huntingdon, and sister of Oliver Cromwell, the future Lord Protector. He took an active part in the English Civil War, and showed considerable military ability. In 1645, he was present as major in the
John Desborough
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not seem to have been carried out. Hudson married in 1633 Elizabeth Pollard of Newnham Courtney, Oxfordshire. He lost by the rebellion the whole of his estates, and after his death his wife and children were supported by charity. Augustus Charles Bickley, Hudson's biographer in the "Dictionary of National Biography" (1895) wrote "His boldness, generosity, and almost fanatical loyalty are undoubted". John Walker wrote he was a scholar and a plain and upright Christian. Hudson wrote: Michael Hudson (royalist) Michael Hudson (1605–1648) was an English clergyman who supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. In 1628 Hudson graduated
Michael Hudson (royalist)
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The History of Britain (Milton) The History of Britain, that Part especially now called England; from the first traditional Beginning, continued to the Norman Conquest. Collected out of the antientest and best Authours thereof, an unfinished prose work by the English poet John Milton, was published in 1670. Milton, who had supported the revolutionary cause during the English Civil War, mixed history based on a wide range of sources with comments on the restored monarchy of his time. He admitted the unreliability of many of his sources, but justified his use of popular fables "be it for nothing else but
The History of Britain (Milton)
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Bolton massacre The Bolton massacre, sometimes recorded as the Storming of Bolton, was an event in the English Civil War which happened on 28 May 1644. The strongly Parliamentarian town was stormed and captured by Royalist forces under Prince Rupert. It was alleged that up to 1,600 of Bolton's defenders and inhabitants were slaughtered during and after the fighting. The "massacre at Bolton" became a staple of Parliamentarian propaganda. In Lancashire, before the start of the civil war, there was social and economic tension between towns which generally supported Parliament, and the landowning gentry and aristocracy who controlled the rural
Bolton massacre
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Brother Garrison has conducted his own paper since the controversy commenced." Although Garrison was able to maintain his hold over Boston's black population, most African Americans elsewhere were not so firm in their support. The rivalry between those who supported Garrison and those who opposed him was to become a major feature in the North during the two decades before the Civil War. African School In 1787, Prince Hall petitioned the Massachusetts legislature for African American access to the public school system, but was denied. Eleven years later, after petitions by the black parents for separate schools were also denied,
James George Barbadoes
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revival of persecution during the English Civil War, only two more were executed between 1646 and 1660. Following the Restoration of Charles II, under the tolerant rule of a monarch who was himself inclined to the Catholic religion, the Government was content to periodically issue orders for all priests to leave England, without any real expectation that the orders would be complied with. The statute of 1584 was regarded as effectively a dead letter, until the outbreak of the Popish Plot in the autumn of 1678 led to its unexpected revival. Despite the King's known Catholic sympathies, the public atmosphere
Jesuits, etc. Act 1584
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April 1640, and created a baronet, of Egginton in the County of Derby in the Baronetage of England on 26 May 1641. He suffered for his support of the King during the Civil War and his estates were compounded, along with those of his cousins Worthington and John Brice of Dinnington. Simon Every Sir Simon Every, 1st Baronet (1603 – 1647) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640. He was a supporter of the Royalist cause in the English Civil War, and the first of the Every Baronets. Every was born at Chardstock (then
Simon Every
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between the subjects of the monarch and aliens: the monarch's subjects owed the monarch allegiance, and included those born in his or her dominions (natural-born subjects) and those who later gave him or her their allegiance (naturalised subjects). Today, the requirements for naturalisation as a citizen of the United Kingdom depend on whether or not one is the spouse or civil partner of a citizen. An applicant who is a spouse or civil partner of a British citizen must: For those not married to or in a civil partnership with a British citizen, the requirements are: In the United States
Naturalization
70558
it during wartime or times of crisis. States involved in wars or interstate rivalries are most likely to implement conscription, whereas democracies are less likely than autocracies to implement conscription. Former British colonies are less likely to have conscription, as they are influenced by British anticonscription norms that can be traced back to the English Civil War. Around the reign of Hammurabi (1791–1750 BC), the Babylonian Empire used a system of conscription called "Ilkum". Under that system those eligible were required to serve in the royal army in time of war. During times of peace they were instead required to
Conscription
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Michael Hudson (royalist) Michael Hudson (1605–1648) was an English clergyman who supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. In 1628 Hudson graduated from Queen's College, Oxford with an M.A, and became fellow c. 1630. King Charles I gave him various livings; and he was one of the king's chaplains at Oxford. He was scoutmaster to the northern army (1643–1644) and, along with John Ashburnham, accompanied Charles I to Newark in 1646. At the end of the First English Civil War he was imprisoned. He escaped from prison, but was again captured, 1647, and sent to the Tower of
Michael Hudson (royalist)
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Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth Thomas Wentworth, KB, PC (bapt. 2 February 1612 – 1 March 1665) was an English soldier and politician who supported King Charles I in the English Civil War. He served the king during two parts of the English Civil War and accompanied the young Prince Charles (later King Charles II) in exile. Wentworth was born in 1612, the eldest son of the 1st Earl of Cleveland and his first wife, Anne. His exact birthdate is unknown, but parish records show that he was baptised on 2 February 1612. In 1640, he was elected Member of
Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth
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women was required before war could be declared. During this period, at the end of the 18th into the beginning of the 19th centuries, the local militia were called upon to augment the British sovereign's forces in defending the colonies against attacks—such as those in 1775 and 1812—from the United States, which viewed the nearby monarchical presence as a threat to American republican ideologies. As the colonial population increased, those loyal to the Crown served as regular members of local militia groups under the command of the relevant governor, who exercised the authority of either the French or British monarch.
The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces
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Marian civil war The Marian civil war in Scotland (1568–1573) was a period of conflict which followed the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her escape from Loch Leven Castle in May 1568. Those who ruled in the name of her infant son James VI fought against the supporters of the Queen, who was exiled in England. Edinburgh Castle, which was garrisoned in her name, became the focus of the conflict and surrendered only after an English intervention in May 1573. The conflict in 1570 was called an "intestine war in the bowels of this commonwealth", and the period
Marian civil war
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in his political, satirical poems, written mainly in heroic couplets. He has been called "both a detached, intellectual, 'metaphysical' poet" and "a committed satirist". The "Poems" were published in 1656. Attribution: John Cleveland John Cleveland (16 June 1613 – 29 April 1658) was an English poet who supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. He was best known for political satire. The son of the Rev. Thomas Cleveland, vicar of Hinckley (1620–52), Cleveland was born in Loughborough, and educated at Hinckley Grammar School. Admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge, he graduated BA in 1632 and became a fellow of
John Cleveland
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Henry were both subsequently Members of Parliament. Ambrose Manaton Ambrose Manaton (died 1 June 1651) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England in 1624 and 1640. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War. Manaton was the second son of Peter Manaton of Trecarrell in Cornwall and his wife Ann Edgecumbe, daughter of Pierce Edgecumbe of Mount Edgecumbe. In 1621 Manaton was elected Member of Parliament for Bossiney. He was elected MP for Tregoney in 1624. In 1627, he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. He became a master of
Ambrose Manaton
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forces that deposed the feudal order; economic power had vanquished military power in the realm of politics. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the bourgeoisie were the politically progressive social class who supported the principles of constitutional government and of natural right, against the Law of Privilege and the claims of rule by divine right that the nobles and prelates had autonomously exercised during the feudal order. The English Civil War (1642–51), the American War of Independence (1775–83), and French Revolution (1789–99) were partly motivated by the desire of the bourgeoisie to rid themselves of the feudal and royal encroachments
Bourgeoisie
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Francis Gamull Sir Francis Gamull, 1st Baronet (1606–1654) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. He supported the Royalist side in the English Civil War and was active in the defence of Chester. Gamull was the son of Thomas Gamull. The family was of Buerton, Chester He entered Inner Temple in November 1622. In 1634 he became mayor of Chester. He was elected Member of Parliament for City of Chester for the Long Parliament in November 1640. During the Civil War, Gamull was very active in the defence of Chester. In June
Francis Gamull
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Castle. Richard Oakeley Richard Oakeley (died 1653) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1624. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Oakeley was of Oakeley, Shropshire and also held property in Montgomeryshire and Oxfordshire. In 1624, he was elected Member of Parliament for Bishop's Castle in the Happy Parliament. He was a Royalist commissioner during the Civil War, and was fined of £460 for his delinquency. Oakeley died in 1653. Oakeley married Mary Combes, daughter of Edward Combes of Fetter Lane, London. Their son William was also MP for
Richard Oakeley
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Richard Oakeley Richard Oakeley (died 1653) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1624. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Oakeley was of Oakeley, Shropshire and also held property in Montgomeryshire and Oxfordshire. In 1624, he was elected Member of Parliament for Bishop's Castle in the Happy Parliament. He was a Royalist commissioner during the Civil War, and was fined of £460 for his delinquency. Oakeley died in 1653. Oakeley married Mary Combes, daughter of Edward Combes of Fetter Lane, London. Their son William was also MP for Bishops
Richard Oakeley
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year, so that his heir was his brother, William. Augustine Skinner Augustine Skinner (c. 1594 – 11 June 1672) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1642 and 1659. He took the Parliamentary side during the English Civil War. Skinner was of Tutsham Hall at West Farleigh in Kent and belonged to a newly arrived rather than established Kent family (his ancestors being from Devon. In 1642, he was elected Member of Parliament member for Kent the Long Parliament. He supported parliament in the Civil War and was sufficiently orthodox in his support to
Augustine Skinner
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Augustine Skinner Augustine Skinner (c. 1594 – 11 June 1672) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1642 and 1659. He took the Parliamentary side during the English Civil War. Skinner was of Tutsham Hall at West Farleigh in Kent and belonged to a newly arrived rather than established Kent family (his ancestors being from Devon. In 1642, he was elected Member of Parliament member for Kent the Long Parliament. He supported parliament in the Civil War and was sufficiently orthodox in his support to survive Pride's Purge. He refused to accept appointment as
Augustine Skinner
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Five Members, who included the celebrated English patriot and leading Parliamentarian John Hampden. This action sparked the English Civil War. The wars established the constitutional rights of Parliament, a concept legally established in the Glorious Revolution in 1688 and the subsequent Bill of Rights 1689. Since then, no British monarch has entered the House of Commons when it is in session. On Black Rod's approach, the doors are slammed shut against him, symbolising the rights of parliament and its independence from the monarch. He then strikes with the end of his ceremonial staff (the Black Rod) three times on the
Parliament of the United Kingdom
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the First Fitna (656–661). The war was primarily between those who supported Uthman's cousin and governor of the Levant, Muawiyah, and those who supported the caliph Ali. The civil war permanently consolidated the divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims, with Shia Muslims believing Ali to be the first rightful caliph and Imam after Muhammad. A third faction in the war supported the governor of Egypt, Amr ibn al-As. The war was decided in favour of the faction of Muawiyah, who established the Umayyad Caliphate in 661. After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, his Medinan companions debated which of them should
Rashidun Caliphate
19231161
By 1651, Parliament gained control of both the islands and held them during the Interregnum even imprisoning Leveller dissident John Lilburne in Mount Orgueil Castle on 16 March 1654, due to Jersey having no habeas corpus laws. After the restoration of monarchy in 1660, the Parliamentarian general John Lambert was imprisoned on Guernsey. From 1642 to 1651, England was torn apart by a series of internal conflicts known as the English Civil War between the Charles I of England (and later Charles II of England) and those who supported Parliament. The nature of the engagement was primarily based on whether
Channel Islands in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
177541
the Spanish Armada in 1588 associated Elizabeth's name with what is popularly viewed as one of the greatest victories in English history. Her enemies failed to combine and Elizabeth's foreign policy successfully navigated all the dangers. In all, the Tudor period is seen as a decisive one which set up many important questions which would have to be answered in the next century and during the English Civil War. These were questions of the relative power of the monarch and Parliament and to what extent one should control the other. Some historians think that Thomas Cromwell affected a "Tudor Revolution"
History of England
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follows the Alvear family through the war. The next novel is "Peace after War", published in English in 1969, and was also translated by MacLean. The fourth novel, "Los hombres lloran solos" (Men cry alone), has not been translated into English. While Gironella hated the polarization that led to Civil War, he supported the Spanish Nationalists who rallied around Franco and himself joined the Carlist unit, Requetés (short for "Tercio de Requetés de la Madre de Dios de Montserrat"). In "The New York Times Book Review", Gerald Brenan, an expert on Spanish literature, called the work absorbing and remarkably objective;
José María Gironella
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John Gurdon (MP) John Gurdon (3 July 1595 – 9 September 1679) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1640 and 1660. He supported the parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. Gurdon was the son of a country gentleman, Brampton Gurdon, with estates at Letton Norfolk and Assington, Suffolk. He was elected to the Short Parliament and Long Parliament in 1640 as Member for Ipswich, He supported the Parliamentarian cause in the Civil War and in the internal dissension between the parliamentarians he supported the Army party. He remained in the House of
John Gurdon (MP)
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voted to accept it by eleven votes to four. Those on the Supreme Council who opposed the Treaty included former leader Harry Boland, Austin Stack and Liam Lynch. Anti-Treaty republicans like Ernie O'Malley, who fought during the Civil War against the Treaty, saw the IRB as being used to undermine the Irish Republic. The IRB became quiescent during the Civil War, which ended in May 1923, but it emerged again later that year as a faction within the National Army that supported Minister for Defence Richard Mulcahy against the "Old IRA", which fought against the recruitment of ex-British Army personnel
Irish Republican Brotherhood
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Edward King (Parliamentarian) Edward King (c. 1606 – 1681) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. He was a rigid Presbyterian and protector of Nonconformists after the Restoration. King was the son of Richard King of Ashby de la Launde and his wife Elizabeth Colly, daughter of Anthony Colly of Glaston, Rutland and MP for Rutland. He was a student of Gray's Inn in 1623 but delayed being called to the bar for over 20 years. On the outbreak of the Civil
Edward King (Parliamentarian)
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force counterattacked and won the day. The remnants of Digby's and Langdale's army continued north, but they were finally defeated on Carlisle Sands by Sir John Brown on 24 October. Digby and Langdale escaped to the relative safety of the Isle of Man which was held for the Royalists by the Earl of Derby. From Man they made their way to France. In 1648, Langdale was among those who joined the Royalist side in the Second English Civil War and who supported the Scottish Engager invasion of England. Langdale organised the Royalist cause in Cumberland and seized Berwick. He was
Marmaduke Langdale, 1st Baron Langdale of Holme
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and Elizabeth. On 30 May 1663 Richard petitioned for repayment of £300 which his father had advanced for the king's service. The claim was approved by Sandwich, but there is no mention of the money having been paid. Richard Stayner Vice-admiral Sir Richard Stayner (1625–1662) was an English naval officer who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War and the Interregnum. During the First Anglo-Dutch War he commanded the "Foresight" in actions at Portland (February), and the Gabbard (June), and in the Battle of Scheveningen (29–31 July), 1653. During the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60), he won renown and a
Richard Stayner
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Richard Stayner Vice-admiral Sir Richard Stayner (1625–1662) was an English naval officer who supported the Parliamentary cause during the English Civil War and the Interregnum. During the First Anglo-Dutch War he commanded the "Foresight" in actions at Portland (February), and the Gabbard (June), and in the Battle of Scheveningen (29–31 July), 1653. During the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60), he won renown and a fortune in prize money when he captured a great part of the Spanish West Indian treasure fleet off Cadiz in 1656. He was knighted by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell for services in Admiral Robert Blake's destruction of
Richard Stayner
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Francis's children married into the families of other local landowners including that of Francis Popham and supported both sides during the English Civil War. In 1693 the house was mortgaged by Nicholas Frauncies and then sold to Sir John Elwell whose descendents lived there until 1894 when it was bought by William Temlett Marke. Further restoration was undertaken in the 1920s and 1930s by Hubert Lidbetter, for the Lloyd-Fox family who were the owners at the time, which included a new staircase and windows and the removal of all the plaster on walls and ceilings. During World War II the
Gerbestone Manor