when did general choi hong hi founded taekwondo
11 April 1955
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跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the way of hand and foot" and it was so named on 11 April 1955. Choi founded the Oh Do Kwan, and held an honorary 4th "dan" ranking in the Chung Do Kwan. Due to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was stripped of his rank and position in the Chung Do Kwan. During the 1960s, Choi and Nam Tae Hi led the original masters of taekwondo in promoting their martial art around the world, though these would be only the first of many such endeavors. ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting the spread
Choi Hong Hi
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跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the way of hand and foot" and it was so named on 11 April 1955. Choi founded the Oh Do Kwan, and held an honorary 4th "dan" ranking in the Chung Do Kwan. Due to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was stripped of his rank and position in the Chung Do Kwan. During the 1960s, Choi and Nam Tae Hi led the original masters of taekwondo in promoting their martial art around the world, though these would be only the first of many such endeavors. ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting the spread
Choi Hong Hi
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in the early 20th century, under influence of the Japanese martial arts of the period. Thus, hapkido originates from Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu during the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910–1945). Taekwondo was developed from karate for use in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces from 1954. For this purpose, karate terminology needed to be "nationalized". The name "taekwondo" is due to shotokan practitioner and army general Choi Hong Hi. After the Korean War, Taekwondo was further developed into a purely sportive discipline, since 1973 overseen by the World Taekwondo Federation. During 1964-1966, Choi Hong Hi continued to promote taekwondo, working to put
Modern history of East Asian martial arts
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Choi Jung Hwa Choi Jung Hwa (born 22 May 1951) is the only son of General Choi Hong Hi, who is always regarded as the founder of Taekwondo. Choi Jung Hwa studied taekwondo since the age of 7 under his father and many prominent high ranking taekwondo Masters during their visits and stays with General Choi. His claimed earliest recollections of training are around the time General Choi was appointed as Korea's Ambassador to Malaysia. Choi spent his early childhood training on the lawn of the Embassy compound, as there were no dojangs established at that point. He grew up
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in an environment surrounded by taekwondo due to General Choi's schedule and work in spreading taekwondo globally. Choi Jung Hwa trained with many high-ranking instructors during this period. Choi held the post of Secretary General and Vice Secretary of the ITF for several years until elected as Choi Hong Hi's successor to the Presidency by the ITF members in 2001. He allegedly offered that General Choi should remain ITF President for the first 2 years of that term as to give him the opportunity to "retire with dignity" in 2003. General Choi Hong Hi died less than 12 months later.
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Canada on charges that he conspired to assassinate the President of South Korea Chun Doo-Hwan. He was sentenced in Canada, and was barred from South Korea (this has since been rescinded). Choi Jung Hwa Choi Jung Hwa (born 22 May 1951) is the only son of General Choi Hong Hi, who is always regarded as the founder of Taekwondo. Choi Jung Hwa studied taekwondo since the age of 7 under his father and many prominent high ranking taekwondo Masters during their visits and stays with General Choi. His claimed earliest recollections of training are around the time General Choi was
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Taekwondo Federation to continue the mission of taekwondo's globalization. Once General Choi Hong Hi (최홍희) was exiled out of South Korea, he established the new headquarters of the ITF in Vienna, Austria and the organization settled there. In the years that followed, many of the founding masters of the ITF and several other instructors would leave the organization to form their own independent organizations, following political differences with Choi Hong Hi. In 2001, the ITF Congress voted for Choi Hong Hi as President for four years of the six-year term, then for his son Choi Jung Hwa to serve as
International Taekwon-Do Federation
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organizations typically use "taekwondo," while the ITF and affiliated organizations typically use "taekwon-do" (as Choi used this spelling). In Wikipedia, the default spelling is "taekwondo." This article follows this standard, but uses "taekwon-do" when referring specifically to the ITF or affiliated organizations' names. b. In Park's (1993) article, the note on Choi's promotion to 2nd "dan" in karate is followed by a note about the outbreak of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's 2nd "dan" promotion occurred no later than the early stages of that conflict ("c." 1939–1940). Choi Hong Hi Choi was born on 9 November 1918
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in its Physical Education College, was required to train in judo. From 1963–1967, he served in the South Korean army, attaining the rank of Sergeant. Kong trained in taekwondo under Choi Hong Hi and Nam Tae Hi. Through the late 1960s and 1970s, Kong was a key member of the taekwondo demonstration teams that accompanied H. H. Choi around the world. Kong moved to the United States of America just before or in 1968. He and his younger brother, Young Bo Kong, founded the Young Brothers Taekwondo Associates in 1968, which is now located in Houston, Las Vegas, and Pittsburgh.
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today are the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), founded by Choi Hong Hi in 1966, and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo (WT, formerly WTF), founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association. "Gyeorugi" (), a type of full-contact sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000. The governing body for taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo. Beginning in 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, new martial arts schools called "kwans" opened in Seoul. These schools were established by Korean martial artists with backgrounds in Japanese, Chinese and Korean martial
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government and supported in his project of spreading Taekwondo to the world. He was remembered as the founder and champion of taekwondo. Choi died of cancer on 15 June 2002 in Pyongyang, North Korea. Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with various titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of the International Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan." Choi is survived by his wife, Choi Joon Hee; his son, Choi Jung Hwa; two daughters, Sunny and Meeyun; and several grandchildren. a. The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English usage. The WTF and affiliated
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Lim Woo, Director of Taekwondo for the Korean 1st Army. By 1960, Choi had attained the rank of 2nd "dan" in taekwondo. In 1961, he helped Hong Hi Choi to create many of the present day Chang Hon patterns, Ge-Baek "hyung". In 1962, Woo promoted Choi to the rank of 3rd "dan". That same year, Choi became the first taekwondo world champion in sparring and patterns, and then became the first tae soo do world champion (full contact, heavyweight, 3rd–5th "dan" division) in 1963. He later became one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo and taught in Malaysia. Through
Chang Keun Choi
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Kim Bok Man Kim Bok Man (, born December 3, 1934 in Korea), 11th dan, is an early pioneer of Taekwondo in the 1950s and 1960s in South East Asia, particularly Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong. He started martial arts training in the Korean art of Taekyun in 1941 at the age of 7. While he was a master sergeant in the Korean army, he was called to Malaysia by General Choi Hong Hi, Korea's ambassador at the time, to teach taekwondo to members of the government party in Malaysia and subsequently to develop Taekwondo, particularly some
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of taekwondo. In 1968, Yun, with the encouragement of both Choi and Shim, came to Manitowoc, Wisconsin and began teaching taekwondo at the Manitowoc Young Men's Christian Association as part of the ITF's effort to bring the martial art to the Americas. In 1970, Yun moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and established the first taekwondo school in the city. In 1971, Yun's school was visited by Choi Hong Hi and Nam Tae Hi, who taught at the first of many seminars that they were to host. As of 2004, Yun's school had four branches, all located in the United States midwest.
Yun Dukan
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He is now based in Glasgow. Original masters of taekwondo The original masters of taekwondo is a group of twelve South Korean martial art masters assembled by the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) in the early 1960s to promote the newly established art of taekwondo. In alphabetical order following Korean naming conventions, they are: Choi Chang Keun, Choi Kwang Jo, Han Cha Kyo, Kim Jong Chan, Kim Kwang Il, Kong Young Il, Park Jong Soo, Park Jung Tae, Park Sun Jae, Rhee Chong Chul, Rhee Chong Hyup, and Rhee Ki Ha. The group came under the leadership of Choi Hong Hi
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Original masters of taekwondo The original masters of taekwondo is a group of twelve South Korean martial art masters assembled by the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) in the early 1960s to promote the newly established art of taekwondo. In alphabetical order following Korean naming conventions, they are: Choi Chang Keun, Choi Kwang Jo, Han Cha Kyo, Kim Jong Chan, Kim Kwang Il, Kong Young Il, Park Jong Soo, Park Jung Tae, Park Sun Jae, Rhee Chong Chul, Rhee Chong Hyup, and Rhee Ki Ha. The group came under the leadership of Choi Hong Hi (1918–2002), inaugural President of the KTA
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was already teaching." -- Joon Pyo Choi, co-chairman of USA Taekwondo's martial arts commission. Choi founded the Oregon State Taekwondo Association and the Northwest Black Belt Association and was its president for 30 years. In 1980, Choi served as head of team at the first Pan American Taekwondo Championships. In 1982, When the Amateur Athletic Union was the governing body for Taekwondo in the USA, Choi was elected vice president. He also served as a vice president in the United States TaeKwonDo Union. He has served as tournament director of the Northwest Oregon Taekwondo Championships and the 17th U.S. National
Tae-hong Choi
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Rang Do has no connection with Taekwondo and one should not be mistaken for the other. In 1961, the name Taekwondo was temporarily dropped by members of the Taekwondo community due to controversies that arose between various schools and practitioners. In response to these controversies, several of the schools choose to change the name of their art to Tae Soo Do and The Korea Tae Soo Do Association submitted its documented to the Ministry of Education on September 22, 1961. A general in the Korean military and a predominant member of the Taekwondo community, Choi Hong Hi, was unhappy with
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and the World Traditional Taekwondo Union (WTTU) to promote the practice of Songahm taekwondo internationally. In 2015, all the spin-offs were reunited under the umbrella of ATA International. In 1962 Jhoon Rhee relocated to the United States and established a chain of martial arts schools primarily in the Washington, D.C. area that practised traditional taekwondo. In the 1970s, at the urging of Choi Hong Hi, Rhee adopted ITF-style taekwondo within his chain of schools, but like the GTF later departed from the ITF due to the political controversies surrounding Choi and the ITF. Rhee went on to develop his own
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are narrower and taller than the broader, wide stances used by martial arts such as karate. The tradeoff of decreased stability is believed to be worth the commensurate increase in agility, particularly in Kukkiwon-style taekwondo. The emphasis on speed and agility is a defining characteristic of taekwondo and has its origins in analyses undertaken by Choi Hong Hi. The results of that analysis are known by ITF practitioners as Choi's "Theory of Power". Choi based his understanding of power on biomechanics and Newtonian physics as well as Chinese martial arts. For example, Choi observed that the power of a strike
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Kim Bok Man and Park Jung Tae and are still used by the late Choi's ITF today (Cheon-Ji, Dan-Gun, Do-San, Won-Hyo, Yul-Gok, Jung-Geun, Toi-Gye, Hwa-Rang, Chung-Mu, Gwang-Gae). He did this at the urging of Choi, who wanted Taekwondo to establish its own Korean identity, something it couldn't do with Japanese forms. Jhoon Rhee states that he learned the Chang Hon forms from the South Korean Army Field Manual sent to him by Choi Hong Hi. The Chang Hon set of forms are still taught by independent American Taekwondo instructors who came from the Jhoon Rhee lineage. Rhee's 1970–1971 publication of
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International Taekwon-Do Federation International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) is an international taekwondo organization founded on March 22, 1966, by General Choi Hong Hi (Korean: 최홍희) in Seoul, South Korea. The ITF was founded to promote and encourage the growth of the Korean martial art of Taekwon-Do. The ITF's main functions include coordinating and approving tournaments and seminars, setting standards for teaching (patterns, sparring, destruction), collaborating with affiliated member organizations, and providing services members in regard to rank and certifications. Following a period of political schism, there are now multiple groups using the name "International Taekwon-do Federation". Patterns, or "tul" (틀) in
International Taekwon-Do Federation
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of taekwondo internationally by stationing Korean taekwondo instructors around the world, and have consistently claimed that ITF-style taekwondo is the only authentic style of taekwondo, most notably in early sections of its textbooks. He was also the author of the first English taekwondo syllabus book, "Taekwon-Do", published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965. In 1972, Choi went into exile in Canada after the South Korean government objected to his introduction of the sport into North Korea, and the South Korea government formed the WTF in 1973. He moved again in 1979 to North Korea where he was welcomed by the
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the kwans. In 1959 the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) was established to facilitate the unification of Korean martial arts. In 1966, Choi broke with the KTA to establish the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) - a separate governing body devoted to institutionalizing his own style of taekwondo. Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s complicated the adoption of ITF-style taekwondo as a unified style, however. The South Korean government wished to avoid North Korean influence on the martial art. Conversely, ITF president Choi Hong Hi sought support for the martial art from all quarters, including North Korea. In response, in
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Jung Tae Park Park Jung Tae (c. 1943 – 11 April 2002) was a South Korean master of taekwondo and a pioneer of that martial art in Canada. He was one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. Following a career in the South Korean military, Park emigrated to Canada in 1970. He was a key leader in the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) under Choi Hong Hi, but founded the Global Taekwon-Do Federation in 1990 after leaving the ITF. After teaching taekwondo for many years, Park died in 2002. Park was born in 1943 or
Jung Tae Park
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a biochemistry student who is also a judo practitioner. She was ranked 1st "dan" at the time. Shin founded the Military Arts Institute in 1963, and also published a judo magazine. Apart from judo, Shin also teaches taekwondo and hapkido. Around 1967, he visited Seoul and discussed the possibility of a taekwondo tournament in Chicago with Choi Hong Hi, founder of the International Taekwon-Do Federation. In 1977, he was a member of the organizing committee for the Third World Taekwondo Championships. Shin co-authored the book "Judo" (1977) with Daeshik Kim. One of the Shins' sons, Gene Shin, holds the rank
Kyung Sun Shin
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after the Korean War and in 1953, four more offshoot schools formed. These second-generation kwans and their principal founders were Choi Hong Hi and Nam Tae Hi's "Oh Do Kwan", Lee Kyo Yoon's "Han Moo Kwan", Park Chul Hee and Hong Jong Pyo's "Kang Duk Won", and Lee Young Woo's "Jung Do Kwan". In 1960, Jhoon Rhee was teaching what he called Korean Karate (or Tang Soo Do) in Texas, in the United States. After receiving the ROK Army Field Manual (which contained martial arts training curriculum under the new name of Taekwondo) from General Choi, Rhee began using the
Tang Soo Do
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name "Taekwondo". There are still a multitude of contemporary Taekwondo schools in the United States that teach what is known as "Moo Duk Kwan Taekwondo". This nomenclature reflects this government-ordered kwan merger. In 1964, the Korean Tae Soo Do Association was formed which, in 1965, became the Korean Tae Kwon Do Association. Because of its political influence, the Tae Kwon Do group, led by its second president, General Choi Hong Hi, tried to unify it with the Korean Soo Bahk Do Association. Kwanjangnim's organization was the largest martial arts system in Korea at the time. Grandmaster Hwang Kee agreed to
Tang Soo Do
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established the first Australian tae kwon do school in Melbourne. The new club was heartily endorsed by Kim's karate sensei, General Hong-Hi Choi, head of the Korean Tae Kwon Do Association" (p. 27). See Korea Taekwondo Association and Tang Soo Do for more information. j. Ex-members who founded ITF schools also include: Misko (Michael) Kordanovski, 7th "dan"; Graham Moulden, 7th "dan"; Spiridon Cariotis, 7th "dan"; Steve Weston, 6th "dan"; Scott Bower, 6th "dan"; George Gabrielides, 5th "dan"; Catherine McMaster; Steven Luxmoore, 5th "dan"; Trevor Harbrow, 2nd "dan"; Shane Astwood, 3rd "dan"; and Robert Clarkson, 4th "dan", Kordanovski was a Rhee
Rhee Taekwon-Do
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IOC member, to take over as President. An Extraordinary Congress of the ITF was called with Chang Ung declared as the new President; but the legality of this Congress is disputed. Those claiming that the Congress was illegal (i.e. against the ITF's Constitution) held another Congress, at which Master Trần Triệu Quân (an 8th degree black belt) was elected as President. Thus there are now three organisations claiming to be the ITF. International Taekwon-Do Federation International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) is an international taekwondo organization founded on March 22, 1966, by General Choi Hong Hi (Korean: 최홍희) in Seoul, South Korea.
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began when he was still a child, learning kwon bup. Choi served in the South Korean military and came into contact with H. H. Choi there. Around 1966–1967, he taught taekwondo in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Choi moved to the United States of America in 1970 to seek medical treatment for injuries sustained from martial arts training. In 1987, he founded his own martial art system and organisation, Choi Kwang-Do. He is based in Atlanta. Choi holds the rank of 9th "dan" in his own martial art, Choi Kwang-Do. C. K. Han was born on 20 July 1934
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Nam Tae Hi Nam Tae Hi (남태희; 南太熙; 19 March 1929 – 7 November 2013) was a pioneering South Korean master of taekwondo, and is known as the 'Father of Vietnamese Taekwondo.' With H. H. Choi, he co-founded the Oh Do Kwan and led the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association (KTA). Nam was born in March 1929 in Seoul, Korea, during the period of Japanese occupation. He began training in the martial arts in 1946, training after school for five nights each week. Nam's training continued in the Chung Do Kwan under Won Kuk Lee.
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Jidokwan, KTA, in 1993). a. S. H. Park (1993, p. 248) lists the KTA's founding committee in 1959: "As announced in Dong-A Newspaper; President, Gen. Choi Hong Hi, Vice President, Mr. No Byung Jik, Mr. Yun Kae Byung. Secretary General, Hwang Ki. Standing Directors; Mr. Hyun Jong Myung, Mr. Lee Nam Suk, Mr. Lee Jong Woo, Mr. Ko Jae Chun and Mr. Lee Young Suk. Directors; Mr. Um Un Kyu, Mr. Chong Chang Young, Mr. Bae Young Ki and Mr. Nam Tae Hi. Auditors, Mr. Kim Soon Bae and Mr. Cho Byoung Shi." b. The claim that the KTA was
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Master' and claims the title 'Father of Australian Taekwondo.' Rhee is one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo selected from the South Korean military to develop taekwondo under Choi Hong Hi in the Korea Taekwon-Do Association (KTA). Rhee is a former unarmed combat instructor in the Korean Marines, and helped introduce taekwondo to Southeast Asia (notably in Malaysia and Singapore) before becoming the first taekwondo master sent to Australia by the Republic of Korea. Rhee has worked towards the reunification of Korea, serving as a member during the third through ninth terms—and as Chairman for the eighth term—of the
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agents and CIA operatives. His family did not move with him to Washington, D.C., but they emigrated to Oregon where a distant cousin lived. In 1972, Choi joined his family in Oregon and started teaching tae kwon do at the YMCA, Lewis and Clark College and Reed College (Judo - '74-'75), and Sunset High School before opening his own studio in Northeast Portland. Choi's Taekwondo Academy was the first taekwondo school in Oregon. "Mr. Choi was one of the pioneers for tae kwon do in this country. When the word 'tae kwon do' didn't even exist in this country, he
Tae-hong Choi
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It has been claimed that Nam introduced Bok Man Kim (a pioneering master and one of the technical founders of taekwondo, working with Choi) to taekkyeon in 1948, but other sources indicate Nam did not meet Bok Man Kim until 1954. While a Captain in the South Korean military forces, Nam met Choi, and acted as Choi's second-in-command in the early days of taekwondo. Nam was pivotal in the development of taekwondo, and was called Choi's "right hand man" in the latter's official biography. In 1954, at the rank of 2nd "dan", Nam participated in a military demonstration of martial
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as the formal military martial art throughout the Joseon Dynasty. Early progenitors of taekwondo - the founders of the nine original kwans - who were able to study in Japan were exposed to Japanese martial arts, including karate, judo, and kendo, while others were exposed to the martial arts of China and Manchuria, as well as to the indigenous Korean martial art of taekkyeon. Different styles of taekwondo adopt different philosophical underpinnings. Many of these underpinnings however refer back to the Five Commandments of the Hwarang as a historical referent. For example, Choi Hong Hi expressed his philosophical basis for
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Korea’s Army; and it is then when he met General Choi Hong Hi, Major-General of the 29th Infantry Division, with whom he made strong friendship bonds. In 1955, due to his closeness with President Syngman Rhee, and thinking that he could use the military authority of Choi Hong Hi to spread the Chung Do Kwan style, Duk Sung Son gave an honorary 4th degree Dan in front of the major of the 3rd Army for his contribution to the martial arts. On December 19, 1955, while searching for a name that would identify the Korean culture, a meeting was held
Duk Sung Son
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Jong Soo Park Park Jong Soo (born 1941) is a South Korean master of taekwondo and one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. He holds the rank of 9th "dan". Following a career in the South Korean military, he emigrated to Canada in 1968. Park was born in Chung-Nam, Korea, in 1941, during the period of Japanese occupation. He trained in taekwondo under Choi Hong Hi. In 1965, he was invited to be the coach of the German Taekwon-Do Association, and moved from South Korea to West Germany. Park was ranked 5th "dan" that
Jong Soo Park
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Kam Leung, Kwok trained in various martial arts systems including traditional Taekwondo, under Kim Suk Jun, a disciple of General Choi Hong Hi. Kwok is credited with introducing Practical Wing Chun to America. Wing Chun Illustrated writes: "Like the famous monk Xuanzang in the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West, who journeyed to India in quest of the Buddhist scriptures, Kwok helps bring Practical Wing Chun to the America, teaching Westerners how to understand and decode this ancient, yet still modern, Gung Fu style." In May 2013, he hosted Wan Kam Leung’s first ever American open seminar in New
William Kwok
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arts training. Won Kuk Lee, a Korean student of Funakoshi, founded the first martial arts school after the Japanese occupation of Korea ended in 1945, called the Chung Do Kwan. Having studied under Gichin Funakoshi at Chuo University, Lee had incorporated taekkyon, kung fu, and karate in the martial art that he taught which he called "Tang Soo Do", the Korean transliteration of the Chinese characters for "Way of Chinese Hand" (唐手道). In the mid-1950s, the martial arts schools were unified under President Rhee Syngman's order, and became taekwondo under the leadership of Choi Hong Hi and a committee of
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Chang Ung Chang Ung (born 1938) is the current honorary life president and former president of one of the 3 International Taekwon-Do Federations, and a member of the International Olympic Committee (representing North Korea). The previous president, General Choi Hong Hi died of stomach cancer on June 15, 2002. On September 22 of that year, 70 representatives from 46 countries attended a memorial service for General Choi Hong Hi. The solemn and memorable service was held in Pyongyang, North Korea. Choi was born in 1918, in northern Korea (before the division). He also served in the South Korean army where
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by General Choi Hong Hi, the latest edition being from 1999 (later editions have been published, but the 1999 editions were the last General Choi Hong Hi was directly involved with). This comprehensive work contains 15 volumes with volumes 8 through 15 dedicated to the 24 patterns and containing descriptions of the pattern movements as well as pictures showing possible applications of some of the movements. There is also the book entitled "The Korean Art of Self Defense" (the 1999 edition, the latest used by ITF under Grandmaster Tran Trieu Quan and ITF under Grandmaster Choi, or the 2004 edition,
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20 March 1938 in Seoul, Korea, during the period of Japanese occupation. He is the eldest of seven children of Rhee Yung Ei and Ahn Soon Rae. Rhee's martial arts training began when he was around 7 or 8 years of age, learning judo from his father, and he was the only one of his siblings to pursue the martial arts. He later learned karate from one of his schoolteachers. When Rhee served in the South Korean military forces, he came into contact with Choi Hong Hi and learned taekwondo in the 35th Infantry Division. Rhee was a key figure
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held March 12 in the Korean Mission Church (Portland). He was buried at Skyline Memorial Gardens (Portland), He was survived by his wife, two daughters, two sons and five grandchildren. Wife, Man Soon Choi. Daughters, Ilsun Kim, Min Sun Kim. Sons, Sung Choi, Hung Choi. Grandchildren, Angela Kim (23), Matthew Kim (26), Caroline Min (10), Phillip Min (12), Chloe Choi (10). Tae-hong Choi Tae-hong Choi (May 28, 1935 – March 8, 2009) was a grandmaster in taekwondo, winner of multiple martial arts titles and a teacher of thousands of students in Oregon. When Choi was a boy in Seoul, he
Tae-hong Choi
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Tae-hong Choi Tae-hong Choi (May 28, 1935 – March 8, 2009) was a grandmaster in taekwondo, winner of multiple martial arts titles and a teacher of thousands of students in Oregon. When Choi was a boy in Seoul, he had a paper route. When he first approached the martial artists he met on his route, they sent him away. After seven days of his pestering, the men seemed to relent, but they put him to work instead of teaching him. Choi worked for them for three weeks before they were sufficiently impressed to begin teaching him. He earned his black
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Kuk Mu Kwan School, and other instructors started to hardly recognize Duk Sung Son as a school official. The influence and leadership of General Choi Hong Hi, started to grow. On June 16, 1959, Duk Sung Son, worried about keeping the philosophical principles of the Chung Do Kwan School, published a letter in the South Korean newspaper “Seoul Shimoon”, dismissing a group of advanced students which included Choi Hong Hi, Nam Tae Hi, Woon Kyu Uhm among others. This caused a total separation and the exclusion of Duk Sung Son from all sport organizations in Korea. Acting rapidly upon such
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Taekwondo Championships. In 1988, Choi traveled to Seoul with one of his students who competed in the 1988 Olympic Games. In the 1990s, he served as advisor to the United States Taekwondo Union. In 2007, Choi received the lifetime achievement award from the United States Taekwondo Grandmasters Society. Some of his notable students are Master Leon Preston (8th Dan and 2008 Summer Olympics Tae Kwon Do Referee), Gordon Graaff, Scott Rohr (1979 and 1980 World Championship Medalist) and Naim Hassan (1988 Olympics Taekwondo athlete). Choi died at Providence Portland Medical Center in Portland, Oregon on March 8, 2009. Services were
Tae-hong Choi
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Chang Keun Choi Choi Chang Keun (최창근; 崔昌根; born 1941), widely known as C. K. Choi, is a South Korean master of taekwondo, and one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. Following a career in the South Korean military, Choi emigrated to Canada in 1969, where he continues to teach his martial art. Choi was born around 1941 in Korea, during the period of Japanese occupation. He began training in the martial arts in 1956, studying taekwondo and karate under instructors Hong and Kim in the South Korean army, and subsequently trained under Jong
Chang Keun Choi
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a karate instructor and taught Choi this martial art. Choi also learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin. Just before he had left Korea, Choi apparently had a disagreement with a wrestler named Hu, and the possibility of a future confrontation inspired him to train; in his own words, "I would imagine that these were the techniques I would use to defend myself against the wrestler, Mr. Hu, if he did attempt to carry out his promise to tear me limb from limb when I eventually returned to Korea" (Park, 1993, p. 242). Choi attained the rank of 1st "dan" in
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the region which are "still far behind" Europe and North America. In 2015, Chang resigned and was replaced by Ri Yong-son as the President of ITF. Chang Ung Chang Ung (born 1938) is the current honorary life president and former president of one of the 3 International Taekwon-Do Federations, and a member of the International Olympic Committee (representing North Korea). The previous president, General Choi Hong Hi died of stomach cancer on June 15, 2002. On September 22 of that year, 70 representatives from 46 countries attended a memorial service for General Choi Hong Hi. The solemn and memorable service
Chang Ung
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karate in 1939, and then 2nd "dan" soon after. Choi had been forced to serve in the Japanese army during World War II, but was implicated in a rebellion and imprisoned, during which time he continued practicing martial arts. Following the war, in January 1946, Choi was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Korean army. From 1946 to 1951, Choi received promotions to first lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and then brigadier general. Choi was promoted to major general in 1954. Choi combined elements of Taekkyeon and Karate to develop a martial art that he called "Taekwon-Do" (태권도;
Choi Hong Hi
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that time were poor and could not afford frequent testings. The name "Taekwondo" was proposed in 1955 by Choi Hong Hi. It was slow to catch on among other Kwan Heads (Kwan Jang). Two names which were actually the two historical names of Karate, pronounced in the Korean language were being used by the Kwan's. Tang Soo Do (Karate; China Hand Way), which was first used by Chung Do Kwan, was used by the following Kwan's. Tang Soo Do Chung Do Kwan, Tang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan, Tang Soo Do Song Moo Kwan, Tang Soo Do Oh Do Kwan
Chung Do Kwan
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merged. Beginning in 1955 the leaders of the kwans began discussing in earnest the possibility of creating a unified style of Korean martial arts. The name "Tae Soo Do" was used to describe this unified style. This name consists of the hanja "tae" "to stomp, trample", "su" "hand" and "do" "way, discipline". Choi Hong Hi advocated the use of the name "Tae Kwon Do", i.e. replacing "su" "hand" by "kwon" (Revised Romanization: "gwon"; McCune–Reischauer: "kkwŏn") "fist", the term also used for "martial arts" in Chinese (pinyin "quán"). The new name was initially slow to catch on among the leaders of
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attention of Sang Kyu Shim, who asked him to assist in the teaching of the 1st and 2nd battalions of the Republic of Korea marines; Yun also taught the 1st Cavalry division of the United States Army in Munsan, Korea. It was during this period that Shim introduced him to Choi Hong Hi, from him Yun learned taekwondo along with the Cha Soo Young, Moon Ku Baek, and Jung Joong Sun. Yun later joined the Oh Do Kwan in Seoul, where he trained with E Jhoon Chang. There he began to learn and teach the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) style
Yun Dukan
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College in 1971. He opened his first Taekwon-Do school the following year. In 1974, Hwang graduated from the first International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Instructors Course and Umpires Course hosted and taught by General Choi Hong Hi in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Hwang took students to train at General Choi's home in the early-mid 70's. In October 1976, he hosted General Choi Cup tournament. He subsequently started taking private lessons from General Choi in the 1980s after being promoted to seventh degree Master in Taekwon-Do. He led the U.S. Team at the 8th ITF World Championships in Pyongyang at North Korea's Taekwon-Do
Kwang Sung Hwang
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Bong Gil 1955 General Choi announced and created the name TAEKWON-DO on April 11. 1956 Joined the Military Police Academy, studied various Martial Arts under Kim Sung Bok 1957 Under the direction of General Ha built the first TAEKWON-DO Academy of the 7th Infantry Division with Major Park. Introduced to General Choi. 1958 Attended the First Instructors course held under the First Army in Won Ju, Korea, led by Major Woo (2nd Dan Black Belt), Lieutenant Hong (1st Dan Black Belt) and Captain Nam (3rd Dan Black Belt)Appointed to the Special Security Mission for the Army Commander. Trained in all
Original masters of taekwondo
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Choi Hong Hi Choi was born on 9 November 1918 in Hwa Dae, Myŏngch'ŏn county, in what is now North Korea, which was then under Japanese rule. At the time, the place was named Meigawa-gun (Myongchon-kun), Kankyo-hokudo (Hamgyong-Pukto), Chosen, as part of the Empire of Japan. Choi's father sent him to study calligraphy under Han Il Dong, who was also "a master of Taek Kyon, the ancient Korean art of foot fighting" (Park, 1993, p. 241). Choi travelled to Japan, where he studied English, mathematics, and karate. In Kyoto, he met a fellow Korean with the surname Kim, who was
Choi Hong Hi
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in Vienna, Austria (see page 292 on “Year Book” for 2004/2005). - The ITF was registered to the Finance Ministry of Austria as Non-Profit-Civilian Organization in November 2004. - The ITF became a Signatory Federation to World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in July 2010. In 2009, Mrs. Choi Chun Hi, widow of General Choi Hong Hi spoke at the 19th ITF Congress in St. Petersburg, Russia. She stated, ""I wish you would support Prof. and Dr. Chang Ung, and be with him with one mind and one will for the brighter future of the ITF"". Members 127 member countries were confirmed
Chang Ung
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founded in 1961 might be an attempt to dissociate the organisation from H. H. Choi (its inaugural president) due to later political differences between Choi and the South Korean government. c. People claiming "dan" ranks from the KTA include: I. Ahmed, 1st "dan" (1969), 2nd "dan" (1970); J. R. Hilland ("dan" rank and year unspecified); K.-S. Hong, 5th "dan" (year unspecified); E. A. Humesky, 1st "dan" (1968), 2nd "dan" (1970), 3rd "dan" (1972); C. D. Jung, 7th "dan" (year unspecified); K. W. Kim, 9th "dan" (1971); S. Kim, 6th "dan" (1967), 7th "dan" (1973), 8th "dan" (1979); Y. B. Kong,
Korea Taekwondo Association
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and later founder of the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), and Nam Tae Hi (1929–2013), known as the Father of Vietnamese Taekwondo. Many of these men held senior positions in the ITF under Choi, but several left over time. Most of the men settled in North America, while others settled in Europe or Australia. The phrase "original masters of taekwondo" is used to describe this group of men, but does not indicate that they were the first (or original) masters in the KTA. The leaders of the nine kwans that unified to form the KTA was a different group of men
Original masters of taekwondo
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year. The following year, he moved to the Netherlands and founded the Netherlands Taekwon-Do Association. Through the late 1960s and 1970s, Park was a key member of the taekwondo demonstration teams that accompanied Choi around the world. In 1968, Park settled in Toronto, Canada. In 1973, he held the rank of 7th "dan". In 1974, Park and several other ITF masters demonstrated taekwondo in Toronto—then being promoted as "the new home of the ITF" by Choi. Park and Choi went their separate ways after Choi insisted on establishing relations with North Korea during a politically sensitive period. By 2002, however,
Jong Soo Park
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exhibition of the original Taekwon-Do by members of the ITF from the North Korean Taekwon-Do Committee. The efforts he continued emanate from the work of General CHOI Hong-Hi, the acknowledged principal founder by the Encyclopædia Britannica, of the first style or system to be called Taekwon-Do. This work continues under the careful attention of Grandmaster JUNG Woo-Jin, the last of only 7 people to be promoted to the terminal 9th degree in Taekwon-Do by the ITF under General CHOI. The latest results can be seen from the success of the 2018 Winter Olympics, called The Peace Olympics by His Excellency
George Vitale
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was Choi Hong Hi, who named Woon Kyu Uhm -in that same year- as new school chief (Kwan Jang) of the Chung Do Kwan School. General Choi was elected president due to his position as general in the Korean Army (under military regime) and for the promise he made to other school chiefs to promote TaeKwon-Do. On April 1963, Duk Sung Son traveled to the United States of America, where he started to teach Tae Kwon Do or “Korean Karate” as it was called then. His first classes were outdoors at Central Park in Manhattan and at the basement of
Duk Sung Son
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Do Kwan which joined the ITF instead and therefore uses the Chan Hon curriculum. International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF)-style taekwondo, more accurately known as Chang Hon-style taekwondo, is defined by Choi Hong Hi's "Encyclopedia of Taekwon-do" published in 1987. In 1990, the Global Taekwondo Federation (GTF) split from the ITF due to the political controversies surrounding the ITF; the GTF continues to practice ITF-style taekwondo, however, with additional elements incorporated into the style. Likewise, the ITF itself split in 2001 and again in 2002 into three separate federations, headquartered in Austria, the United Kingdom, and Spain respectively. The GTF and all
Taekwondo
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China. In 1976 Choi was invited to the United States by Master Chung, Nak Young. In July 2004 Grandmaster Choi was tested for his 9th Degree Black Belt by Grandmaster Cho and Master Park, Hae Man. This degree was granted by Grandmaster Uhm, Woon Kyu, Head of Kukkiwon Institute and Chung Do Kwan. Grandmaster Choi is the President of T.T.C.A (Traditional Taekwondo Chung Do Kwan Association) which he founded on Jan. 1 1996. Hyun Ok Shin - United Chung Do Kwan Association Hae Man Park - Current President of Taekwondo Chung Do Kwan Kyu Seok Lee - Senior VP Asian
Chung Do Kwan
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Mountain, which is the highest mountain in Korea. 고당/古堂 – 39 movements Go-Dang (or Ko-Dang) was one of the original 24 patterns created by General Choi. In the early 1980s, however, Kodang was removed from the official syllabus by General Choi and replaced by a new pattern which he named Juche. Go-Dang was a famous South Korean anti-communist, and when Choi began to spread his art throughout the world, and to North Korea in particular, he removed this pattern so as not to offend anyone. Although no longer part of official ITF Taekwondo, Kodang is still included in the syllabi
Hyeong
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later learned karate from one of his schoolteachers. When Rhee served in the South Korean military forces, he came into contact with H. H. Choi and learned taekwondo in the 35th Infantry Division. From February 1964, he taught taekwondo to Royal Air Force personnel in Singapore. He emigrated to London on 2 July 1967. He attained the rank of 8th "dan" in 1981, and was promoted to 9th "dan" by H. H. Choi on 1 July 1997 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Rhee came to be known as the Father of British Taekwondo, as well as the Father of Irish Taekwondo.
Original masters of taekwondo
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others promoted to senior rank by Grandmaster Park Hae Man are Grandmaster Mark Iles (9th Dan) and Grandmaster Andy Davies (9th Dan) of UK Chung Do Kwan and GM Aristides Montalvo Santiago(9th Dan ) from Puerto Rico. Choi joined the Chung Do Kwan in 1958. He has trained with teachers such as Won Kuk Lee, Duk Sung Son, Yong Taek Chung, and Tae Hi Nam. Choi has won 12 gold medals in regional, national, and international contest. Trained in Taekwondo, Kung-Fu, Kumdo, and Yudo. He became a presidential bodyguard in 1970-1973 also he has taught troops in South Korea and
Chung Do Kwan
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by the Chung Do Kwan School advisors with views to unify the name of the Korean martial art, which was known by different and confusing names such as Tang Soo Do, Gong Soo Do, Taekyon and Kwon Bup; these terminologies were in occasionally associated with the Chinese or Japanese culture. During this meeting, representatives of the South Korean Government, members of the press, politicians and the military met with Duk Sung Son, chief of the Chung Do Kwan School, who came to the meeting accompanied by General Choi Hong Hi and Nam Tae Hi, who represented the military branch of
Duk Sung Son
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"dan" in 2002. Choi has started a campaign to reunite ITF practitioners across the world. He continues to teach, conduct grading tests, give seminars, and offer assistance to those involved in taekwondo. Chang Keun Choi Choi Chang Keun (최창근; 崔昌根; born 1941), widely known as C. K. Choi, is a South Korean master of taekwondo, and one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. Following a career in the South Korean military, Choi emigrated to Canada in 1969, where he continues to teach his martial art. Choi was born around 1941 in Korea, during the
Chang Keun Choi
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the late 1960s and 1970s, Choi was a key member of the taekwondo demonstration teams that accompanied H. H. Choi around the world. Choi moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in 1969. He opened the first taekwondo school there in 1970. He also established the University of British Columbia's taekwondo club in the 1970s. In 1973, Choi held the rank of 7th "dan". In 1980, Choi designed the International Taekwon-Do Federation's (ITF) tree logo that is worn on the back of every ITF uniform. He attained the rank of 8th "dan" in 1981, promoted by H. H. Choi, and 9th
Chang Keun Choi
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1975, he was ranked 6th "dan". In 1978 and 1979, he accompanied Choi on taekwondo demonstration tours in Europe. In 1984, he conducted a seminar in Brisbane, Australia. At the time, he was ranked 8th "dan" in the ITF. In November 1984, Park was elected Secretary-General of the ITF. He also held the position of Technical Chairman of the ITF. Park founded the Global Taekwondo Federation (GTF) on 14 June 1990, the year after his departure from the ITF due to North–South Korean political issues. He created six additional "hyung" to be practised along with the earlier ITF patterns. Amongst
Jung Tae Park
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organization in 1991, Koo has remained a staunch opponent. Koo dedicates a large portion of his website to disparaging Choi and his organization. Choi is listed as a pioneer in Asia (1950s and 1960s) and Canada (1970s) in Chang Keun Choi's list of taekwondo pioneers. Kwang Jo Choi Choi Kwang Jo (born March 2, 1942) is a former South Korean national champion in taekwondo, and is one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. Following a career in the South Korean military, he emigrated to the United States of America in 1970. Choi is the
Kwang Jo Choi
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the status of the twelve original masters of taekwondo. S.K.SULTAN KHAN was born around 1940 in Korea. He began his martial arts training in the South Korean army in 1956, studying taekwondo and karate. Choi taught taekwondo in Malaysia from 1964, and moved to Vancouver, Canada, in 1970. In 1973, he held the rank of 7th "dan". Choi was promoted to 8th "dan" in 1981 by H. H. Choi, and attained the rank of 9th "dan" in 2002. He is still based in Vancouver. K. J. Choi was born on 2 March 1942, in Daegu, Korea. His martial art training
Original masters of taekwondo
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belt in two years. He soon began winning titles including Korean National Champion. Eventually he earned a ninth-degree black belt, the sport's highest designation. He also studied for a master's degree in Health and physical education. Choi was a Korean Marine Corp Training officer stationed in South Vietnam. He was part of the detail that guarded the U.S. Embassy. He taught hand-to-hand combat skills to Korean, South Vietnamese and U.S. Special Forces. That got him his next job of instructing hand-to-hand combat for top-level U.S. security agents. Choi moved to Washington, D.C., in 1971. He taught taekwondo to secret service
Tae-hong Choi
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moved to Garden Grove, California. But remained active with his students and in retirement Yong Taek Chung spent the next 19 years helping students, instructors, and Masters continue the Chung Do Kwan tradition. Chung died on November 11, 2006, in his home in Fountain Valley, California. Jhoon Rhee was a graduate of the Chung Do Kwan. Thus, Chung Do Kwan is often associated with what Rhee originally taught Americans. Rhee introduced Americans to the Oh Do Kwan Hyungs called Chang Hon, which were developed by Choi Hong Hi, Nam Tae Hi, Han Cha Kyo, Kong Young Il, Choi Chang Keun,
Chung Do Kwan
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Martial Arts for 8 months. 1960 Promoted to 2nd Dan Black Belt in Tae Kwon-Do 1962 Appointed as Head Instructor of the Oh Do Kwan Headquarters school in Seoul. Organized the world's first TAEKWON-DO Championships, held in Wonju, Korea, where CK Choi became free sparring and patterns champion 1963 Promoted to Tae Soo Do (Karate) 3rd Degree Black Belt 1964 Trained directly under General Choi for four months, where the 24 Tae-Kwon Do patterns were formed. Assisted General Choi with the First TAEKWON-DO Book. Introduced Park Jong Soo to General Choi. Appointed as the first Instructor to Instructors for the
Original masters of taekwondo
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age of 12 because his father was concerned—he wanted his small, physically weak son to be able to protect himself in the war-torn streets. Choi's first master was Dong Ju Lee. During his military service, Choi became a chief Instructor in the 20th Infantry Division and came into contact with General H. H. Choi when the military began to use taekwondo for unarmed combat. Due to injuries sustained from his martial arts training he sought medical attention in the United States of America, moving in 1970, and began to study different physical therapy techniques. As a result, he began to
Kwang Jo Choi
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it represents the end of the circle and the cyclic nature of the Earth. Schools that follow the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) tradition typically use the Chang Hon 창헌 (also called Chang Hun, Chang 'On or Chon-Ji) forms that were developed by Choi Hong Hi, Nam Tae Hi, Han Cha Kyo, Choi Chang Keun, Park Won Ha, Woo Jae Lim, Kim Bok Man and Cho Sang Min, and have their roots in the Oh Do Kwan. In addition, Kim J.C., Park Jong Soo, and Lee Byung Moo are thought to have developed four of the Ch'ang Hon patterns (Eui-Am, Moon-Moo,
Hyeong
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Korea Taekwondo Association Korea Taekwondo Association (한국 태권도 협회; 韓國 跆拳道 協會; KTA), originally the Korea Tang Soo Do Association (1961), is the first taekwondo organisation. It was founded in 1959, although official South Korean sources give 1961 as its year of establishment. In 1966, some members of the KTA, led by H. H. Choi, broke off from the KTA and formed the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF). The Kukkiwon and the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) were created by the KTA in the early 1970s. The KTA sits under the Korea Sports Council, is aligned with Kukkiwon, and is a Member
Korea Taekwondo Association
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National Association (MNA) of the WTF. Its goal is to promote the martial art taekwondo as a national sport within South Korea. The KTA's history has been marked by political difficulties. In 1959, H. H. Choi was the first President of the KTA and Byung Jik Ro (listed as "No" by Park, 1993) and Kae Byung Yun were the inaugural Vice-Presidents. When H. H. Choi was appointed as South Korea's ambassador to Malaysia in 1962, Myung Shin Choi became the second President of the KTA. In the early 1960s, the KTA was renamed as the Korea Taesoodo Association, and then
Korea Taekwondo Association
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9th "dan" (2005); S. S. Lee, 9th "dan" Jidokwan (1993); Y. S. Lee ("dan" rank and year unspecified); W. C. Park, 4th "dan" (1963), 5th "dan" (1966); T. Walsh, 2nd "dan" (1971); and Y. K. Yoon, 6th "dan" (1999). Korea Taekwondo Association Korea Taekwondo Association (한국 태권도 협회; 韓國 跆拳道 協會; KTA), originally the Korea Tang Soo Do Association (1961), is the first taekwondo organisation. It was founded in 1959, although official South Korean sources give 1961 as its year of establishment. In 1966, some members of the KTA, led by H. H. Choi, broke off from the KTA and
Korea Taekwondo Association
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of the forms created by General Choi, and another martial art called Chun Kuhn Taekwondo. Bok Man Kim and Jae Lim Woo helped General Choi develop 15 tuls, or patterns, between 1962 and 1964 while Gen. Choi served as the Korean Ambassador to Malaysia. In no particular order, these tuls are: Chon-Ji, Dan-Gun, Do-San, Won-Hyo, Yul-Gok, Joong-Gun, Toi-Gye, Kwang-Gae, Po-Eun, Choon-Jang, Ko-Dang, Yoo-Sin, Choi-Yong, Se-Jong, and Tong-Il. In addition, Bok Man Kim has said that he additionally had some but considerably less input on five additional tuls – Hwa-Rang, Eui-Am, Se-Jong, Chung-Mu and Gye-Baek – bringing the total to 20.
Kim Bok Man
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had been rejected outright by General Choi and the Taekwondo community decades earlier, they didn't see an issue using it. Tae Soo Do Tae Soo Do is a name that has been used over the years by both the Taekwondo and the Hwa Rang Do communities. In relation to Taekwondo, it was the name that some major schools in South Korea agreed to call their martial art systems due to reactions to controversies within the Taekwondo communities in the early 1960s. In relation to Hwa Rang Do, Tae Soo Do is the name of their introductory program to help students
Tae Soo Do
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Yong-Gae & So-San) in 1968. Park Jung Tae, likely assisted by Choi Jung Hwa (General Choi's son), Michael McCormack (General Choi's son-in-law) and Lim Won Sup, is credited with developing the Juche pattern. Kong Young Il may have helped develop the Ch'ang Hon patterns as well. With the Oh Do Kwan in charge of the taekwondo training in the Korean military, the "Chang Hon hyeong" set of forms spread widely, and they are seen in many taekwondo organizations, including ITF-offshoots such as the Global Taekwondo Federation. The pattern names below are shown with Revised Romanization spellings; however, the traditional spellings
Hyeong
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Kwang Jo Choi Choi Kwang Jo (born March 2, 1942) is a former South Korean national champion in taekwondo, and is one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. Following a career in the South Korean military, he emigrated to the United States of America in 1970. Choi is the founder and head of the Choi Kwang Do international martial art organization, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Choi was born on March 2, 1942, in Daegu, Korea, which was under Japanese control at the time. He started training in the martial arts at the
Kwang Jo Choi
20664863
Choi Hong Hi. Starting in 1974 Bruckner promoted the first kickboxing and martial arts shows in Europe which earned him recognition as the "Father of European Kickboxing". Together with Mike Anderson Brueckner went on to create sport karate tournaments where contact was allowed. In 1976 they founded WAKO, a global sanctioning body for amateur kickboxing. Brueckner went on to promote the first WAKO World Championships in 1978 in Berlin and the fifth WAKO World Championships in 1987 in Munich's Olympic Hall. Both events created large crowds and publicity for the sport of kickboxing. He promoted many more events staging the
Georg F Brueckner
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public policy from George Washington University. Choi Soon-hong Choi Soon-hong (born in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in 1950) formerly served as United Nations Chief Information Technology Officer at the level of Assistant Secretary-General. He was appointed to the position by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in July 2007. and left the organization in August 2012. Choi has experience both in the public sector and the private sector. Starting his career as Quality Assurance Manager at Systems Automation Corporation in 1977, he also worked as Information Systems Analyst at TRW, Inc. between 1980 and 1981. In 1981, he joined the International Monetary
Choi Soon-hong
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Choi Soon-hong Choi Soon-hong (born in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in 1950) formerly served as United Nations Chief Information Technology Officer at the level of Assistant Secretary-General. He was appointed to the position by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in July 2007. and left the organization in August 2012. Choi has experience both in the public sector and the private sector. Starting his career as Quality Assurance Manager at Systems Automation Corporation in 1977, he also worked as Information Systems Analyst at TRW, Inc. between 1980 and 1981. In 1981, he joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF), where he served in
Choi Soon-hong
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artist, having studied under Sang Ki Eun and Robert Fujimura, the former having studied under Taekwondo's founder, Choi Hung Hi, the latter having been Executive Director of the United States Taekwondo Union. Licona has a Ph.D. in New Testament Studies (University of Pretoria) which he completed "with distinction" and the highest mark as well as an M.A. in Religious Studies from Liberty University. He was the Apologetics Coordinator at the North American Mission Board (Southern Baptist Convention) from 2005 through 2011. His book "The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach" is now regarded as one of the finest treatments
Michael R. Licona
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Taekwondo and Hapkido together. In the same year Kim founded the "Bum Moo Kwan Hapkido", becoming its first chairman. In the 1960s, alongside his master Choi and other masters such as Ji Han-jae, establishes the Korea Hapkido Association, also known as Daehan Hapkido.<br> Kim holds the 10th dan in Hapkido, 9th dan in Taekwondo by World Taekwondo Federation<br> Holds the degree number 7 of the Korea Hapkido Federation and number 9 by the Korea Kido Association. Between the 1950s and 1960s, after the separation of the North and South, the South went under a big and rigorous transformation, the end
Kim Yun-sik
15156405
and makes a pure Nepalese Football Team participate in the Hong Kong League. For tennis, Hong Kong Nepalese Tennis Society is founded to gather Nepalese tennis fans in Hong Kong and organises tennis competitions. Furthermore, Hong Kong Nepalese Taekwondo Association aims at fostering friendship between Taekwondo players of various races and holds up-grading tests for members. Lastly, the Hong Kong Nepal Bodybuilding Association is active in holding conventions, press conferences and Mr. Nepal - Hong Kong China Bodybuilding Championships. Moreover, there is a music organisation, Hong Kong Nepalese Rock Forum, which enables its members to share musical information and promotes
Nepalese non-government organisations in Hong Kong
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Choi Jung Hwa was promoted to 9th Degree Black Belt in 2004 and to the rank of Grandmaster. Choi prefers the title of President or Master to Grandmaster. He has been a regular visitor to Australia since the mid-1990s. After his father's death he formed his own International Taekwondo Federation. Prior to forming his own Taekwondo organization he was a Vice Secretary of his father's ITF organization. Choi Jung Hwa still works extensively promoting Taekwon-Do around the world and is accredited with introducing and developing Taekwon-Do in many Eastern European countries such as Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Romania, the former USSR
Choi Jung Hwa
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the latest used by ITF under Chang Ung), also known as the Condensed Encyclopedia, written by General Choi Hong Hi. This is a single condensed encyclopedia of approximately 770 pages with a section dedicated to the 24 original patterns. There are also three fundamental exercises, named "Saju-Jirugi" (Four Direction Punch), "Saju-Makgi" (Four Direction Block) and "Saju Tulgi" (Four Direction Thrust). "Saju-Jirugi" and "Saju-Makgi" are basic defence exercises taught to beginners of the martial art. "Saju Tulgi" is less well known and is generally taught to 2nd Kup students just prior to Hwa-Rang. "Saju Tulgi" is not presented in the Condensed
International Taekwon-Do Federation
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General Choi Hong Hi. Ko-Dang and Juche are similar, and some Taekwon-do organisations have renamed Juche to Ko-Dang furthering confusion as to if a pattern referred to as "Ko-Dang" is the original 39 movement or the newer 45 movement pattern. The names of these patterns typically refer either to events in Korean history or to important people in Korean history. Elements of the patterns may also be historical references, such as the number of moves, the diagram, the way the pattern ends, and so on. Patterns ("tul") are performed in accordance with "The Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do" in 15 volumes written
International Taekwon-Do Federation
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the school high rank members. After Duk Sung Son, General Choi Hong Hi (1959) acted as temporary school master, Woon Kyu Uhm (1959–present )named by a committee of high rank members of the Chung Do Kwan School. During its first years, the attack and blocking techniques taught by the Chung Do Kwan School consisted of ten hand techniques and eight kicking techniques done to the body’s vital points. The hand techniques were: fist punch, spear hand attack, knife hand attack, ridge hand attack (done with the inside edge of the hand, created by the thumb and the index finger), attack
Won Kuk Lee
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he fought against the North and later developed Taekwon-Do. Choi Hong Hi spoke to a select group of ITF officials and high-level instructors on his deathbed at Pyongyang Hospital. It was recorded that there might be no misinterpretation of his intentions regarding the future of the ITF. The following is an excerpt: These last words were witnessed by: Mr. Rhee Ki Ha, Grand Master and former Vice-President of the ITF; Mr. Tom MacCallum, Master and the Secretary General; Mr. Leong Wei Meng, Master and the Chairman of the Consultative Committee; Mr. Kwang Sung Hwang, Grand Master, spokesman and special aide;
Chang Ung
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came to be known as the Father of Taekwondo in Vietnam. Nam designed the Chang Hon taekwondo patterns Hwa-Rang "hyung", Chung-Mu "hyung", and UI-Ji "hyung". Nam moved to the Chicago area in 1972, opened a "dojang" in 1973, and then later lived in Los Angeles. He appears on Chang Keun Choi's list of taekwondo pioneers. In 2007, he was inducted into the Taekwondo Hall of Fame. After being admitted to hospital due to pneumonia, Nam died on 7 November 2013 in Garden Grove, California, USA. Nam Tae Hi Nam Tae Hi (남태희; 南太熙; 19 March 1929 – 7 November 2013)
Nam Tae Hi
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Choi Hung Road Playground Choi Hung Road Playground () is located in Choi Hung Road, San Po Kong, Wong Tai Sin District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The playground is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong. Choi Hung Road Playground was constructed in 1979. The park was expanded to occupy the site formerly occupied by the Kai Tak Playground. In May 1982, a new gymnasium, market and cooking centre were built. The park is opened to the general public from 7:00am to 11:00pm Choi Hung Road Park is within 10 minutes of walking distance from the Wong
Choi Hung Road Playground
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MOON Jae-In of the Republic of Korea. The efforts continue under the ITF and WT, with a Taekwondo Team from South Korea visiting Pyongyang in April 2018, along with a large musical group. The Taekwon-Do Diplomacy of General CHOI, continues to be at the forefront of long time efforts of reconciliation of the Koreas, with a hope to an eventual peaceful reunification, as indicated by the ITF highest or final Pattern, (Tul), created by General CHOI which he named TONG-IL, which is interpreted as reunification. He came to national attention as a New York the World Trade Center disaster on
George Vitale