when did the washington post publish the pentagon papers
June 18 , 1971
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on June 14, Attorney General John N. Mitchell and Nixon obtained a federal court injunction forcing "The New York Times" to cease publication after three articles. "The New York Times" publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger said: The newspaper appealed the injunction, and the case "New York Times Co. v. United States" (403 U.S. 713) quickly rose through the U.S. legal system to the Supreme Court. On June 18, 1971, "The Washington Post" began publishing its own series of articles based upon the "Pentagon Papers"; Ellsberg had given portions to "The Washington Post" reporter Ben Bagdikian. Bagdikian brought the information to editor
Pentagon Papers
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on June 14, Attorney General John N. Mitchell and Nixon obtained a federal court injunction forcing "The New York Times" to cease publication after three articles. "The New York Times" publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger said: The newspaper appealed the injunction, and the case "New York Times Co. v. United States" (403 U.S. 713) quickly rose through the U.S. legal system to the Supreme Court. On June 18, 1971, "The Washington Post" began publishing its own series of articles based upon the "Pentagon Papers"; Ellsberg had given portions to "The Washington Post" reporter Ben Bagdikian. Bagdikian brought the information to editor
Pentagon Papers
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assistant managing editor for national news at the "Post", met with Daniel Ellsberg, a military analyst, who passed him 4,000 pages of the "Pentagon Papers", excerpts from which were published by "The New York Times" days earlier and halted by a federal judge. While the "Post" lawyers and management were opposed, Bagdikian argued strongly in favor of publication of the documents despite pressure from the Nixon administration not to on national security grounds. Bagdikian famously stated: "the (only) way to assert the right to publish is to publish." The first part was published by the "Post" on June 18, 1971.
Ben Bagdikian
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an "en banc" hearing, granted an injunction until June 25. On June 18, 1971, "The Washington Post" began publishing its own series of articles based upon the "Pentagon Papers". That day, Assistant U.S. Attorney General William Rehnquist asked the "Post" to cease publication. After the paper refused, Rehnquist sought an injunction in the District Court for the District of Columbia, but Judge Gerhard Gesell rejected the government's request, as did the Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit. This inconsistency between the courts of appeal led the Supreme Court to hear the case. The Supreme Court heard arguments from the
New York Times Co. v. United States
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she retained a position as chairman of the executive committee until her death in 2001. Her tenure is credited with seeing the newspaper rise in national stature through effective investigative reporting after it began to live down its reputation as a house organ for the Kennedy and Johnson administration, working to ensure that "The New York Times" did not surpass its Washington reporting of the Pentagon Papers and Watergate scandal. Graham took The Washington Post Company public on June 15, 1971 in the midst of the Pentagon Papers controversy. A total of 1,294,000 shares were offered to the public at
The Washington Post
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The Post (film) The Post is a 2017 American historical political thriller film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer. It stars Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham, the first female publisher of a major American newspaper, and Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee, the executive editor of "The Washington Post", with Sarah Paulson, Bob Odenkirk, Tracy Letts, Bradley Whitford, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Carrie Coon, and Matthew Rhys in supporting roles. Set in 1971, "The Post" depicts the true story of attempts by journalists at "The Washington Post" to publish the "Pentagon Papers", classified
The Post (film)
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produced by the organization on the history of the early Maryland colony. Ben Bradlee Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (, 1921 – , 2014) was an American newspaperman. He was the executive editor of "The Washington Post" from 1968 to 1991. He became a national figure during the , when he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers and oversaw the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal. At his death he held the title of vice president at-large of the "Post". He was also an advocate for education and the study
Ben Bradlee
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Ben Bradlee Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (, 1921 – , 2014) was an American newspaperman. He was the executive editor of "The Washington Post" from 1968 to 1991. He became a national figure during the , when he challenged the federal government over the right to publish the Pentagon Papers and oversaw the publication of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's stories documenting the Watergate scandal. At his death he held the title of vice president at-large of the "Post". He was also an advocate for education and the study of history, including working for years as an active trustee on the
Ben Bradlee
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Max Frankel, the "Times"' Washington bureau chief when the "Papers" were published"," criticized the film's more minor portrayal of the paper. "The New York Times" had not only published the "Pentagon Papers" before "The Washington Post", but had also set the stage for the major legal battle between the press and the United States government. The newspaper also won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its contributions. The 1972 Pulitzer jury of journalists noted in their recommendation not only the significance of Daniel Ellsberg's "Pentagon Papers" leak, but also that of "Times" reporters Neil Sheehan, Hedrick Smith, Fox
The Post (film)
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Goodale spearheaded the financial reorganization of the "Times". He advised the "Times' "publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger to purchase Cowles Communications, a transaction that helped the Times regain profitability. He also conceived and implemented the stock structure which was used to bring the New York Times public, a structure that was later copied by "The Washington Post" and other media companies. In March 1971, former Defense Department employee Daniel Ellsberg leaked the Pentagon Papers to "New York Times" reporter Neil Sheehan. Executives at the "Times" argued for three months about whether to publish them or not. Harding Bancroft, the Senior Vice
James Goodale
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Ben Bagdikian Ben Haig Bagdikian (January 30, 1920 – March 11, 2016) was an Armenian-American journalist, news media critic and commentator, and university professor. An Armenian Genocide survivor, Bagdikian moved to the United States as an infant and began a journalism career after serving in World War II. He worked as a local reporter, investigative journalist and foreign correspondent for "The Providence Journal". During his time there, he won a Peabody Award and a Pulitzer Prize. In 1971, he received parts of the "Pentagon Papers" from Daniel Ellsberg and successfully persuaded the "Washington Post" to publish them despite objections and
Ben Bagdikian
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Strothman summarized the Press's mission: "We at Beacon publish the books we choose because they share a moral vision and a sense that greater understanding can influence the course of events. They are books we believe in." Strothman was replaced by Helene Atwan in 1995. In 1971, it published the "Senator Gravel edition" of "The Pentagon Papers" for the first time in book form, when no other publisher was willing to risk publishing such controversial material. Robert West, then-president of the Unitarian Universalist Association, approved the decision to publish "The Pentagon Papers", which West claims resulted in two-and-a-half years of
Beacon Press
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New York Times Co. v. United States New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the First Amendment. The ruling made it possible for "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post" newspapers to publish the then-classified "Pentagon Papers" without risk of government censorship or punishment. President Richard Nixon had claimed executive authority to force the "Times" to suspend publication of classified information in its possession. The question before the court was whether the constitutional freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment, was subordinate
New York Times Co. v. United States
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glaring, noisily freewheeling newsroom". Matt Bobkin, writing for "Exclaim!", gave the film a 6 out of 10 score, saying the film "has all the makings of an awards season hit, but is too calculated to reflect today's ragged, tenuous sociopolitical climate." The film downplays the original role that "The New York Times" had in breaking the "Pentagon Papers" and emphasizes "The Washington Post"'s subsequent involvement. In an interview with the "Columbia Journalism Review", former "New York Times" associates James Greenfield, who coordinated the "Pentagon Papers" project as the "Times" foreign editor; James Goodale, the"Times" general counsel at the time; and
The Post (film)
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calls of U.S. citizens. Since Goodale had predicted in his book that President Barack Obama would attempt to criminalize the newsgathering process, and because the Snowden leak was generally analogous to the leak of the Pentagon Papers, Goodale was swept up into the controversy involving these matters. His defense of the press in the AP and Rosen cases and "the Washington Post" and "The Guardian" in the publication of Snowden's leaks attracted national attention. Goodale is the author of "The New York Times Company v. United States", a collection of the legal papers in the Pentagon Papers case which he
James Goodale
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Eisenhower, and especially the Johnson administration, had “systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress” about the conduct of the war. To keep the publication of the Pentagon Papers going, Alperovitz developed a strategy to hand off portions of the report to one news publication at a time beginning with "The Washington Post"—which helped to create an ongoing media spectacle and to keep public interest in the contents of the papers alive for several weeks. With Ellsberg in hiding, Alperovitz handled the logistics of handing off the papers to the press, adopting the moniker “Mr. Boston” when
Gar Alperovitz
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of parliamentary immunity. On , Senator Mike Gravel (D-Alaska) received a copy of the Pentagon Papers from Ben Bagdikian, an editor at "The Washington Post." Over the next several days, Gravel (who was dyslexic) was assisted by his congressional office staff in reading and analyzing the report. Worried his home might be raided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Gravel smuggled the report, which filled two large suitcases, into his Senate office, which was then guarded by disabled Vietnam veterans. On the evening of , Gravel attempted to read the Pentagon Papers into the "Congressional Record." A lack of a
Speech or Debate Clause
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Pentagon weeks later said that she did not appear to have fought back against her captors, in contradiction of earlier Pentagon press releases. According to one former Pentagon official, the stories of her supposed heroics that day were spread by the news media, and Congressmen from West Virginia were instrumental in pushing the Pentagon to award her honors based on reports of her actions during her capture. Months after returning, Lynch finally began speaking to the public. Her statements tended to be sharply critical of the original story that was reported by the "Washington Post". When asked about her heroine
Jessica Lynch
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legal advice. The paper's regular outside counsel, Lord Day & Lord, advised against publication, but in-house counsel James Goodale prevailed with his argument that the press had a First Amendment right to publish information significant to the people's understanding of their government's policy. "The New York Times" began publishing excerpts on June 13, 1971; the first article in the series was titled "Vietnam Archive: Pentagon Study Traces Three Decades of Growing US Involvement". The study was dubbed "The Pentagon Papers" during the resulting media publicity. Street protests, political controversy, and lawsuits followed. To ensure the possibility of public debate about
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of lieutenant, then took a copyediting job with the "New Haven Journal-Courier". "The Washington Post" hired him. Aarons remained at the "Post" for many years. As an editor and a national correspondent, he served as New York bureau chief and later established the paper's first Los Angeles bureau. He covered major events of the 1960s and 1970s such as the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, urban riots, and government scandals. Aarons had a front-row seat when the "Pentagon Papers" story surfaced. As Los Angeles bureau chief, he covered California-related events in the case, including what
Leroy F. Aarons
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"Times" chief diplomatic correspondent, Smith was a member of the team which produced the Pentagon Papers series; and in 1974, he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting for his coverage of the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe. The former "Times" Washington Bureau Chief has gone on to publish five books and produced more than 50 hours of long-form documentary television. His most recent book, "Who Stole the American Dream?", which came out in September 2012, landed on "The New York Times" national bestseller’s list, while remaining a best seller in a number of cities. Another
Hedrick Smith
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to journalism and writing novels. He worked for various New York publications, including "The New York Times", "New York Daily News", "New York Post" and "New York Magazine". In 1971, Zion revealed that Daniel Ellsberg was the source of the Pentagon Papers, the classified study detailing Washington deceit in Vietnam, then being published by the "Times" and "The Washington Post". Zion, who was not affiliated with any news organization at the time, made the revelation on a popular New York City radio show. Many journalists regarded his disclosure of Ellsberg's identity as a breach of professional ethics, and Zion said
Sidney Zion
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said that they voted for acquittal. However, the federal judge who presided over the case dismissed it on grounds it had been tainted by the Nixon administration's burglary of the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist. Zinn's testimony on the motivation for government secrecy was confirmed in 1989 by Erwin Griswold, who as U.S. solicitor general during the Nixon administration, sued "The New York Times" in the Pentagon Papers case in 1971 to stop publication. Griswold persuaded three Supreme Court justices to vote to stop "The New York Times" from continuing to publish the Pentagon Papers, an order known as "prior restraint"
Howard Zinn
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controversial National Security Agency (NSA) domestic phone monitoring program. He represented the "Times" in four of its United States Supreme Court cases, including "Branzburg v. Hayes" in which the "Times" intervened on behalf of its reporter Earl Caldwell. The other cases were "New York Times v. Sullivan", "New York Times Co. v. United States" (the Pentagon Papers case), and "New York Times Co. v. Tasini". He was the leading force behind the "Times"' decision to publish the Pentagon Papers in 1971. After the "Times' " outside counsel, Lord Day & Lord, advised the "Times" against publishing classified information and quit
James Goodale
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James L. Greenfield James L. Greenfield (born 16 July 1924) served as United States Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs from 1962 to 1966 and was one of the editors of the "New York Times" who decided to publish the Pentagon Papers in 1971. Born in Cleveland in 1924, Greenfield attended high school at Cleveland Heights High School, graduating in 1942. He then went on to receive a B.A. from Harvard College. After college, Greenfield became a foreign correspondent for "Time", with postings in Asia, Europe and Washington. He rose to become "Time"'s chief diplomatic correspondent. Greenfield joined the
James L. Greenfield
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cases it has been alleged that the censorship was as much political as military in purpose. This was particularly true during the Vietnam War and the 1983 invasion of Grenada. Such issues arose again during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, when many embedded reporters accompanied soldiers as they made their way into the country. These reports were subject to censorship in that they were not allowed to reveal military-sensitive material. In the Pentagon Papers case ("New York Times Co. v. United States", ), the Nixon administration sought to enjoin "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post" newspapers from publishing
Prior restraint
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Act of 1917, because they lacked legal authority to publish classified documents that came to be known as the "Pentagon Papers". The Supreme Court in "New York Times Co. v. United States" found that the government had not made a successful case for prior restraint of Free Speech, but a majority of the justices ruled that the government could still prosecute the "Times" and the "Post" for violating the Espionage Act in publishing the documents. Ellsberg and Russo were not acquitted of violating the Espionage Act, but were freed due to a mistrial based on irregularities in the government's case.
Espionage Act of 1917
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described by "Huffington Post" writer Nell Minow as being "one of the most moving scenes ever filmed." For Guillermo del Toro's fantasy drama "The Shape of Water", released in December, Stuhlbarg was required to speak Russian to play Dr. Robert Hoffstetler, a Soviet spy. His final performance of 2017 and second release of December, was as "The New York Times" executive editor A. M. Rosenthal, in Steven Spielberg's political thriller "The Post", which starred Tom Hanks and Meryl Streep and depicts the publishing of the "Pentagon Papers" by journalists from "The Washington Post" and "The Times". With his performances in
Michael Stuhlbarg
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Graham, the "New York Times" legal correspondent, predicted that the government would win the case. In an editorial on March 11, 1979, "The Washington Post" wrote that "The Progressive" case, "as a press-versus-government First Amendment contest, is John Mitchell's dream case—the one the Nixon Administration was never lucky enough to get: a real First Amendment loser." The newspaper called on "The Progressive" to "forget about publishing it". In the "Pentagon Papers" case, Professor Alexander Bickel, an expert on the United States Constitution, when asked hypothetically if prior restraint could ever be justified, had told the court that he would draw
United States v. Progressive, Inc.
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Vietnamese attempt to overrun Cambodia in 1970 was launched at the explicit request of the Khmer Rouge and negotiated by Pol Pot's then-second-in-command, Nuon Chea. Nixon's campaign promise to curb the war, contrasted with the escalated bombing, led to claims that Nixon had a "credibility gap" on the issue. It is estimated that between 50,000 and 150,000 people were killed during the bombing of Cambodia between 1970 and 1973. In 1971, excerpts from the "Pentagon Papers", which had been leaked by Daniel Ellsberg, were published by "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post". When news of the leak first
Richard Nixon
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of Cambodian leader Norodom Sihanouk. Even within the administration, many disapproved of the incursions into Cambodia, and anti-war protesters were irate. The bombing of Cambodia continued into the 1970s in support of the Cambodian government of Lon Nol—which was then battling a Khmer Rouge insurgency in the Cambodian Civil War—as part of Operation Freedom Deal. In 1971, Nixon ordered incursions into Laos to attack North Vietnamese bases, provoking further domestic unrest. That same year, excerpts from the "Pentagon Papers" were published by "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post". When news of the leak first appeared, Nixon was inclined
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that comparisons to the Pentagon Papers was an exaggeration as the documents lacked the policy implications of the papers, but that "no democracy can or should fight a war without the consent of its people, and that consent is only meaningful if it is predicated on real information". The "Los Angeles Times" did seem to indicate the documents have parallels with the Pentagon Papers in being published during a subsequent administration "the documents offer insight primarily into the war-fighting of the recently departed George W. Bush administration; the Pentagon Papers ended with the Johnson administration and were not published until
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not contain the potentially embarrassing information they sought, as they left it discarded on the floor of Fielding's office. Hunt and Liddy subsequently planned to break into Fielding's home, but Ehrlichman did not approve the second burglary. The break-in was not known to Ellsberg or to the public until it came to light during Ellsberg and Russo's trial in April 1973. On June 28, 1971, two days before a Supreme Court ruling saying that a federal judge had ruled incorrectly about the right of "The New York Times" to publish the Pentagon Papers, Ellsberg publicly surrendered to the United States
Daniel Ellsberg
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McCormack-Dickstein Committee of the 1930s. Phil Graham's friendship with JFK remained strong until their untimely deaths in 1963. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover reportedly told the new President Lyndon B. Johnson, "I don't have much influence with the "Post" because I frankly don't read it. I view it like the "Daily Worker"." Ben Bradlee became the editor-in-chief in 1968, and Kay Graham officially became the publisher in 1969, paving the way for the aggressive reporting of the "Pentagon Papers" and Watergate scandals. In the mid-1970s, some conservatives referred to the "Post" as ""Pravda" on the Potomac" because of its perceived
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of "The Washington Post"'s printing of the Pentagon Papers. Production began in New York on May 30, 2017. The film began a limited release on December 22, 2017, with a wide release following on January 12, 2018. Spielberg directed the film adaptation of the popular sci-fi novel "Ready Player One", by Ernest Cline. The film stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Simon Pegg and Mark Rylance. It began production in London in July 2016, a year before "The Post", which was filmed, edited and released during the lengthy, effects-heavy post-production period for "Ready Player One". "Ready Player One" was
Steven Spielberg
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increased significantly in the years leading up to the U.S. departure in 1973, enabling the North Vietnamese to mount full-scale conventional offensives against the South, complete with tanks, heavy artillery, and the most modern surface-to-air missiles. The credibility of the U.S. government again suffered in 1971 when "The New York Times", "The Washington Post" and other newspapers serially published "The Pentagon Papers" (actually "U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967"). This top-secret historical study of the American commitment in Vietnam, from the Franklin Roosevelt administration until 1967, had been contracted to the RAND Corporation by Secretary of Defense McNamara. The documents were leaked to
Role of the United States in the Vietnam War
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government program to implement what was called "self-managing socialism". They were refused space for the essay by six French daily papers but they did publish it in 44 other major newspapers worldwide. The cost of placing each six-page advertisement in "The Washington Post" or the Toronto "Globe and Mail" was about $100,000. The Sociedad Argentina de Defensa de la Tradición, Familia y Propiedad was established in 1967, drawing on a group of conservative Catholics who had previously founded the magazine "Cruzada", which opposed liberal Catholicism and socialism. In the late 60s the TFP gained the apparent support of the Argentine
Tradition, Family and Property
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later, he reversed his position in an op-ed piece in "The Washington Post", writing, "I have never seen any trace of a threat to the national security from the publication" of the Pentagon Papers." He suggested that government demands for secrecy be treated with some skepticism by the public. In 1973, Griswold resigned as Solicitor General and joined the international law firm of Jones Day Reavis & Pogue in Washington, D.C. He continued to argue many cases before the Supreme Court up until his death in 1994. He also served as a mentor to many of the young lawyers in
Erwin Griswold
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the FBI, who wanted him to write an article about Martin Luther King Jr's alleged infidelities which they had uncovered through wiretaps. Patterson told them "We're not a peephole journal. We don't print that kind of stuff." Patterson was appointed managing editor of "The Washington Post" in 1968. After the Nixon administration had blocked the "New York Times" from the continued publication of the "Pentagon Papers", which revealed how President Lyndon Johnson had withheld information about the progress of the nation's waging of the Vietnam War from the United States Congress, he was responsible for the "Post"'s publication of the
Eugene Patterson
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the 20th century. McChesney argued that Bagdikian was "certainly accorded more respect by working journalists" than Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, the authors of "Manufacturing Consent", due to their perceived radicalism, in contrast to Bagdikian's liberal views. Progressive journalist and writer John Nichols, writing for the "Nation", called Bagdikian a "pioneering media reformer." He said of Bagdikian in an interview with "Democracy Now!": The "Pentagon Papers" controversy at the "Washington Post" was recounted in the 2017 Steven Spielberg film "The Post". Bagdikian was played by Bob Odenkirk. Bagdikian received honorary degrees, among others, from Brown University (Doctor of Humane
Ben Bagdikian
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National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial. The trail section was first proposed in 1993 but it took decades to complete. The first section, from Memorial Circle to the existing sidewalks along the Pentagon grounds was completed in the late 1990s. In 2006, as part of a renovation of the Pentagon following 9/11, a section was built adjacent to the new security wall. Another section along the Pentagon Memorial was built in conjunction with that project and opened in September 2008. From 2015 to 2018, VDOT rebuilt the Washington Boulevard Bridge over Route 27 and when they did, they built the section of
Washington Boulevard (Arlington)
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work Daniel Ellsberg had been doing for the Rand Corporation and how he managed to remove the Pentagon Papers from Rand headquarters. The scandal that forced a president to resign was Watergate, and the "Post" was the paper that broke the story. Because of his role at the paper during the Watergate reporting, Aarons was hired as an accuracy consultant for the "Post"-centered film about the scandal, "All the President's Men". He also had a bit part in the movie. In 1981 Aarons met Israeli computer consultant Joshua Boneh at his Jewish Community Center in Washington D.C. "He followed Boneh
Leroy F. Aarons
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Richard Nixon was president." An editorial in "The Washington Post "stated "they hardly provide a secret history of the war or disclose previously unknown malfeasance" and that "tends to fill out and confirm the narrative of Afghanistan between 2004 and 2009 that most Americans are already familiar with". "The Post" commented that it hardly merited the media hype and was not comparable to the Pentagon Papers or the MfS files. The editorial argued that WikiLeaks' founder revealed his organization's antiwar agenda by making the claim it contained evidence for prosecuting war crimes. Blake Hounshell wrote in his blog on "Foreign
Afghan War documents leak
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public performance. Other cast members were Hugh Grant and Simon Helberg. Robbie Collin considered it to be one of her most "human performance" and felt that it was "full of warmth that gives way to heart-pinching pathos". She won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress in a Comedy, and received Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, and BAFTA nominations. Streep next starred as the first American female newspaper publisher, Katharine Graham, to Tom Hanks' Ben Bradlee, in Steven Spielberg's political drama "The Post" (2017), which centers on "The Washington Post"s publication of the 1971 Pentagon Papers. The film received
Meryl Streep
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died. In 1969, Rosenthal became managing editor of "The New York Times" with overall command of the paper's news operations. During the 1970s, he directed coverage of a number of important news stories, including the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal. Rosenthal played a decisive role in the paper's decision to publish the Pentagon Papers in 1971. Because this secret government history of the Vietnam War was classified information, publication of the papers could have led to charges of treason, lawsuits, or even jail time for paper staff. Rosenthal pushed for publishing the papers (along with Times reporter Neil Sheehan
A. M. Rosenthal
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1979 until 2000. Graham presided over the "Post" at a crucial time in its history. The "Post" played an integral role in unveiling the Watergate conspiracy which ultimately led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. Graham and editor Bradlee first experienced challenges when they published the content of the Pentagon Papers. When "Post" reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein brought the Watergate story to Bradlee, Graham supported their investigative reporting and Bradlee ran stories about Watergate when few other news outlets were reporting on the matter. In conjunction with the Watergate scandal, Graham was the subject of one of
Katharine Graham
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President, Sidney Gruson, Assistant to the Publisher, and the "Times' "outside counsel, Lord Day & Lord, advised the "Times" not to publish. Goodale successfully convinced publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger that the First Amendment protected the New York Times from prosecution for publishing classified information. On June 13, 1971, the "Times" printed its first articles and documents of the Pentagon Papers. When Attorney General John Mitchell indicated the Justice Department would sue the New York Times to stop any further publication, Lord Day & Lord refused to represent it and quit the night before the first court hearing. Goodale, along with
James Goodale
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two Reuters journalists. Manning claimed to have provided WikiLeaks with secret videos of additional massacres of alleged civilians in Afghanistan, as well as 260,000 classified State Department cables. Ellsberg said that he fears for Manning and for Julian Assange, as he feared for himself after the initial publication of the Pentagon Papers. WikiLeaks initially said it had not received the cables, but did plan to post the video of an attack that killed 86 to 145 Afghan civilians in the village of Garani. Ellsberg expressed hope that either Assange or President Obama would post the video, and expressed his strong
Daniel Ellsberg
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had played a role in releasing the Pentagon Papers to the press, and that he would have liked to see Hoopes taken to court by the government alongside various newspapermen. A 1996 article in The New York Times said that the Pentagon Papers had demonstrated, among other things, that the Johnson Administration "systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress." Hoopes also became co-chairman of Americans for SALT, director of the American Committee on U.S. Soviet Relations, and a distinguished international executive at the University of Maryland, College Park. In 2002, he became senior fellow of Washington
Townsend Hoopes
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words of the "Pentagon Papers" that would not have been made available. It is unknown which 11 words were at issue. The Archives released each volume of the "Pentagon Papers" as a separate PDF file, available on their website. Pentagon Papers The Pentagon Papers, officially titled Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The papers were released by Daniel Ellsberg, who had worked on the study; they were first brought to the attention
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presses and causing other damage. The damage was initially reported by the Post as being in the millions ; later estimates by the Post were of $269,000 in damages. Other sources gave even lower damage estimates of $12,900. The Washington Post did not publish a paper on October 2 as a result of the damage to the presses. Later, the Post used a helicopter to access the building during the strike. This required special approval from the State Department due to restricted airspace in Washington DC. Multiple other unions refused to cross the picket line of the pressmen and engaged
1975–76 Washington Post pressmen's strike
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the "Times" eventually won the trial before the Supreme Court, prior to that, an appellate court ordered that the "Times" temporarily halt further publication. This was the first time the federal government was able to restrain the publication of a major newspaper since the presidency of Abraham Lincoln during the U.S. Civil War. Ellsberg released the Pentagon Papers to seventeen other newspapers in rapid succession. The right of the press to publish the papers was upheld in "New York Times Co. v. United States". The Supreme Court ruling has been called one of the "modern pillars" of First Amendment rights
Daniel Ellsberg
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of their subordinates." He added that he leaked the Papers to end what he perceived to be "a wrongful war." President Nixon at first planned to do nothing about publication of the study since it embarrassed the Johnson and Kennedy administrations rather than his. But Henry Kissinger convinced the president that not opposing the publication set a negative precedent for future secrets. The administration argued Ellsberg and Russo were guilty of a felony under the Espionage Act of 1917, because they had no authority to publish classified documents. After failing to persuade "The New York Times" to voluntarily cease publication
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notable legal dispute over a government attempt to censor newspapers arose in the context of the Watergate Scandal during the early 1970s. Richard Nixon's administration attempted to block "The New York Times" and the "Washington Post" from publishing information contained in the "Pentagon Papers". The matter was resolved after a two-week delay by the United States Supreme Court in New York Times Co. v. United States, in which the Court ruled that the publication ban was a violation of the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech and of the press. The US Supreme Court ruled the imposition of damages
Publication ban
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page collection. For 15 days, the "Times" was prevented from publishing its articles by court order requested by the Nixon administration. Meanwhile, while eluding an FBI manhunt for thirteen days, Ellsberg leaked the documents to "The Washington Post" and 17 other newspapers. On June 30, the US Supreme Court ordered free resumption of publication by the "Times" ("New York Times Co. v. United States"). Two days prior to the Supreme Court's decision, Ellsberg publicly admitted his role in releasing the Pentagon Papers to the press. On June 29, 1971, U.S. Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska entered 4,100 pages of the
Daniel Ellsberg
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Ben Bradlee. That day, Assistant U.S. Attorney General William Rehnquist asked "The Washington Post" to cease publication. After the paper refused, Rehnquist sought an injunction in U.S. district court. Judge Murray Gurfein declined to issue such an injunction, writing that "[t]he security of the Nation is not at the ramparts alone. Security also lies in the value of our free institutions. A cantankerous press, an obstinate press, a ubiquitous press must be suffered by those in authority to preserve the even greater values of freedom of expression and the right of the people to know." The government appealed that decision,
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William Glendon William R. Glendon (c. 1920 – December 25, 2008) was an American attorney who specialized in issues relating to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and represented "The Washington Post" in the Pentagon Papers case. Glendon was born in Medford, Massachusetts and grew up in Stoneham, Massachusetts. He attended College of the Holy Cross and enlisted in the United States Navy in 1941 following graduation. He served on a troop transport ship as a communications officer and earned five battle stars for his participation in the amphibious invasions of North Africa, Italy and the Normandy Landings.
William Glendon
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of Scarsdale and Fishers Island, Glendon died at age 89 on December 25, 2008 in White Plains, New York. William Glendon William R. Glendon (c. 1920 – December 25, 2008) was an American attorney who specialized in issues relating to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and represented "The Washington Post" in the Pentagon Papers case. Glendon was born in Medford, Massachusetts and grew up in Stoneham, Massachusetts. He attended College of the Holy Cross and enlisted in the United States Navy in 1941 following graduation. He served on a troop transport ship as a communications officer and
William Glendon
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as a matter of urgency. In response, the Pentagon released a statement, saying that US Central Command had made an "informal inquiry" and that "U.S. Central Command looked into it a few months ago, when allegations first surfaced when there were graves discovered in the area of Sherberghan prison. They looked into it and did not substantiate any knowledge, presence or participation of US service members." No US papers or networks reported on the documentary and the allegations made in it. According to spokespersons for Physicians for Human Rights, their enquiries were met with "blanket denials" from the Pentagon, who
Afghan Massacre: The Convoy of Death
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accomplished painter and architect. Stained-glass artist Frederic Crowninshield (1845–1918) was an instructor at the Museum of Fine Arts School of Drawing and Painting in Boston. Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee was the executive editor of "The Washington Post" during the publication of the Pentagon Papers and played a pivotal role in the newspaper's coverage of the Watergate scandal. He stepped down as executive editor and became a member of the editorial board and vice president at large in 1991. The Crowninshields were responsible for bringing the first elephant to the U.S. The elephant arrived on April 12, 1796, brought by Jacob Crowninshield,
Crowninshield family
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Gravel v. United States Gravel v. United States, 408 U.S. 606 (1972), was a case regarding the protections offered by the Speech or Debate Clause of the United States Constitution. In the case, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the privileges and immunities of the Constitution's Speech or Debate Clause enjoyed by members of Congress also extend to Congressional aides, but not to activity outside the legislative process. On Tuesday, June 15, 1971, Senator Mike Gravel (D-Alaska) received a copy of the Pentagon Papers from Ben Bagdikian, an editor at "The Washington Post." Over the next several
Gravel v. United States
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and "The Washington Post" from publishing the contents of a classified study entitled "History of U.S. Decision-Making Process on the Vietnam Policy."” The government sought a restraining order that prevented the "Times" from posting any further articles based upon the "Pentagon Papers". In addition to The New York Times Company, the Justice Department named the following defendants: Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, president and publisher; Harding Bancroft and Ivan Veit, executive vice presidents; Francis Cox, James Goodale, Sydney Gruson, Walter Mattson, John McCabe, John Mortimer and James Reston, vice presidents; John B. Oakes, editorial page editor; A. M. Rosenthal, managing editor; Daniel
New York Times Co. v. United States
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a not-for-profit organization dedicated to recreating the bipartisan center in American national security and foreign policy. Holbrooke also served as vice chairman of Credit Suisse First Boston, managing director of Lehman Brothers, managing editor of "Foreign Policy", and director of the Peace Corps in Morocco. He wrote numerous articles and two books: "To End A War", and the co-author of "Counsel to the President", and one volume of "The Pentagon Papers". He received more than a dozen honorary degrees, including an LL.D. from Bates College in 1999. He wrote a monthly column for "The Washington Post" and Project Syndicate. On
Richard Holbrooke
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solar parallax in 1904, based on photographic observations from nine observatories. Hinks continued to work on the problem as secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society, a post he held from 1903 to 1913 – he admitted himself that solar parallax work it took up most of his time at the Cambridge Observatory, although he did publish other papers. When Loewy died suddenly in 1907 (aged 74), Hinks appears to have taken over the final reduction of the data. The final result was published in 1909: the solar parallax was 8.807 ± 0.0027 arcseconds, slightly larger than the 8.80 arcseconds that
Arthur Robert Hinks
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it revealed "there was a continuing uncertainty as to [Johnson's] final decision, which would have to await Secretary McNamara's recommendation and the views of Congressional leaders, particularly the views of Senator [Richard] Russell." Nixon's Solicitor General Erwin N. Griswold later called the "Pentagon Papers" an example of "massive overclassification" with "no trace of a threat to the national security." The "Pentagon Papers"' publication had little or no effect on the ongoing war because they dealt with documents written years before publication. After the release of the "Pentagon Papers", Goldwater said: Senator Birch Bayh, who thought the publishing of the "Pentagon
Pentagon Papers
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A Combat Camera video of the airstrike was made by the bomber aircraft involved. When the Pentagon investigation on the incident was released in 2009, it did not include the video. In 2010, Daniel Ellsberg, the whistleblower in the Pentagon Papers case, called for President Obama to release the video of the airstrike online. By May 2010, WikiLeaks had an encrypted copy of the video it had received from then U.S. Army Specialist Chelsea Manning and was attempting to decrypt it. In a March 2013 statement, Julian Assange disputed prior news reports claiming WikiLeaks had been unable to decrypt the
Granai airstrike
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Pentagon Papers The Pentagon Papers, officially titled Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force, is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The papers were released by Daniel Ellsberg, who had worked on the study; they were first brought to the attention of the public on the front page of "The New York Times" in 1971. A 1996 article in "The New York Times" said that the "Pentagon Papers" had demonstrated, among other things, that the Johnson Administration "systematically lied, not
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to the Pentagon Papers "these views, from the man most often mentioned in U.S. circles as an alternative to Diệm, coming at the end of the visit as they did, must have had an important influence on McNamara's conclusions." The delegation left Saigon to return to Washington at the end of the day. During the briefings that Lodge made to McNamara and Taylor, the ambassador repeated his previously expressed doubts about the potential effectiveness of aid suspension as a lever against Diệm. He also expressed his concern that the foreign aid bill that was being tabled in US Congress could
McNamara–Taylor mission
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that Washington would no longer tolerate Nhu remaining in a position of power and ordered Lodge to pressure Diem to remove his brother. It said that if Diem refused, the Americans would explore the possibility for alternative leadership in South Vietnam. In effect, the cable authorized Lodge to give the green light to Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) officers to launch a coup against Diem if he did not willingly remove Nhu from power. The cable marked a turning point in US-Diem relations and was described in the Pentagon Papers as "controversial". Historian John W. Newman described it
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difficult by the fact that she burned much of her correspondence with Washington following his death. The Washington Papers intend to publish her correspondence online and in a two-volume print edition. Work on the Barbados Diary project began in the summer of 2015. The project will transcribe George Washington’s ship log and diary from his journey to Barbados with his brother Lawrence in 1751. Once completed, the material and its annotations will be available in both digital and letterpress editions The Washington Papers has organized several outreach projects, several of which are aimed at educating primary and secondary students. Two
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an hour reading part of the Pentagon Papers into the record. Prevented by his dyslexia from continuing, Gravel had the remainder of the Pentagon Papers entered into the record. Gravel subsequently arranged to have the Pentagon Papers published by a private publisher. The publisher was Beacon Press, a non-profit book publisher owned by the Unitarian Universalist Association. A federal grand jury was subsequently empaneled to investigate possible violations of federal law in the release of the report. Leonard Rodberg, a Gravel aide, was subpoenaed to testify about his role in obtaining and arranging for publication of the Pentagon Papers. Senator
Gravel v. United States
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who compiled the list, wrote next to Halperin's name, "a scandal would be helpful here." Defense Secretary Robert MacNamara asked Halperin to oversee the production of the Pentagon Papers. Les Gelb, a member of Halperin's staff, oversaw the staff that actually wrote the study. Halperin was a friend of Daniel Ellsberg. When Ellsberg was investigated in connection with the Pentagon Papers, suspicion fell on Halperin, who some Nixon aides believed had kept classified documents when he left government service. The tapping of Halperin's phone without a warrant was discovered when it came out in Ellsberg's trial. Despite the continued use
Morton Halperin
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Rodberg, a Gravel aide, was subpoenaed to testify about his role in obtaining and arranging for publication of the Pentagon Papers. Senator Gravel intervened and asked a court to quash the subpoena, contending that forcing Rodberg to testify would violate the Speech or Debate Clause. A federal district court refused to grant the motion to quash but did agree to proscribe certain questions. The trial court also held that publication of the Pentagon Papers by a private press was not protected by the Speech or Debate Clause. The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's ruling, although it modified the
Speech or Debate Clause
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Ehrlichman had recruited E. Howard Hunt as a $100-a-day White House consultant, though Hunt never worked directly for Colson, he did several odd jobs for Colson's office prior to working for Egil "Bud" Krogh, head of the White House Special Operations Unit (the so-called "Plumbers"), which had been organized to stop leaks in the Nixon administration. Hunt teamed with G. Gordon Liddy, and the two headed the Plumbers' attempted burglary of Pentagon Papers-leaker Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office in Los Angeles in September 1971. The Pentagon Papers were a group of military documents comprising an exhaustive study of the United States'
Charles Colson
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deployed according to the Washington Post citing congressional officials who were told this number by the Trump Administration. On August 30, 2017 the Pentagon disclosed that there were more troops in Afghanistan than previously acknowledged. The Pentagon said previously that there were 8,400 troops in Afghanistan, but in reality the actual "total force" number was closer to 11,000. The lower number was based on misleading accounting measures and red tape. The new count used by the United States Department of Defense includes covert as well as temporary units. The Washington Post reported on August 30, 2017 that the additional U.S.
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of the "Pentagon Papers". Gravel asked the court (in "Gravel v. United States") to quash the subpoena on the basis of the Speech or Debate Clause in Article I, Section 6 of the United States Constitution. That clause provides that "for any Speech or Debate in either House, [a Senator or Representative] shall not be questioned in any other Place", meaning that Gravel could not be prosecuted for anything said on the Senate floor, and, by extension, for anything entered to the "Congressional Record", allowing the papers to be publicly read without threat of a treason trial and conviction. When
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time, later investigations and analyses by US officials came to accept responsibility for the coup. The "Pentagon Papers" declared that the United States "must accept its full share of responsibility". It noted that from August and afterwards, Washington "variously authorized, sanctioned and encouraged the coup efforts of the Vietnamese generals and offered full support for a successor government". It referred to Washington's termination of aid in October as "a direct rebuff, giving a green light to the generals". The papers held that Washington maintained secret contact with the generals "throughout the planning and execution of the coup and sought to
Reaction to the 1963 South Vietnamese coup
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US Constitution did grant immunity to Gravel for his reading the papers in his subcommittee, and did grant some immunity to Gravel's congressional aide, but granted no immunity to Beacon Press in relation to its publishing the same papers. Zinn testified as an expert witness at Ellsberg's criminal trial for theft, conspiracy, and espionage in connection with the publication of the "Pentagon Papers" by "The New York Times". Defense attorneys asked Zinn to explain to the jury the history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam from World War II through 1963. Zinn discussed that history for several hours, and later reflected
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television appearances under his pseudonym. According to Jeff Stein, writing in the "Washington Post", the author's real name was Anthony Camerino, a Major in the United States Air Force Reserve. In an op-ed published in the "Washington Post" he wrote that after his arrival in Iraq in 2006 he found: The author has stated that when the Pentagon vetted the book they initially made 93 redactions. Alexander is an outspoken opponent of torture. He refutes the effectiveness of torture, citing its negative long-term effects such as recruiting for Al-Qaeda. He also argues that torture is contrary to the American principles
How to Break a Terrorist
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company in 1967. Robert Smith oversaw construction and development, and Kogod led leasing and management. Starting in the early 1960s, Smith developed the Crystal City neighborhood of Arlington, Virginia, just south of Washington, DC, which at the time, Smith said "was very unattractive" but Smith saw that "there was an airport, there was The Pentagon, and that driving to D.C. was a pretty short distance". Smith attracted government leases by offering discounted rents that did not go up over time. In 1988, an article in the Washington Post estimated his net worth to be $290 million. In 1995, Forbes estimated
Robert H. Smith (philanthropist)
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Science Editor and Translator at General Dynamics Information Technology and a consultant for the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) in Washington DC. He presented scientific papers in many conferences in the U.S. and Europe. He wrote a series of papers on the correlation between rain and earthquakes in the state of Virginia. Muço was a writer and poet; his first poems were published when he was in high school in 1967 in Albania. He also wrote the lyrics of many songs. He went on to write and publish more than 25 books of poetry, short stories, novels and essays.
Betim Muço
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2010 Pentagon shooting On March 4, 2010, John Patrick Bedell shot and wounded two Pentagon police officers at a security checkpoint in the Pentagon station of the Washington Metro rapid transit system in Arlington County, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C. The officers returned fire, striking him in the head. He died a few hours later the next day. The suit-clad gunman was wounded after firing upon and injuring two Pentagon police officers. The shooting occurred around 6:40 p.m. outside the Metro station entrance. As he neared the security checkpoint, Bedell reportedly appeared to be "pretty calm". When the officers asked
2010 Pentagon shooting
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investigative reporter and NFL analyst Chris Mortensen with him. Norman Chad, who was writing for the "Washington Post" at the time, was hired, as was "New York Daily News" writer Mike Lupica, "Rocky Mountain News" writer Jay Mariotti, "Wrestling Observer Newsletter" writer Dave Meltzer, "Dallas Morning News" writer Ivan Maisel, "Boston Globe" writer Leigh Montville, and various others. Tony Kornheiser considered taking a job with the National but decided to stay at the "Washington Post." "The National" used "The Wall Street Journal"'s printing and distribution network to publish separate editions in each time zone. However, this did not help matters.
The National Sports Daily
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recitation of official prayers in public schools. Justice Black is often regarded as a leading defender of First Amendment rights such as the freedom of speech and of the press. He refused to accept the doctrine that the freedom of speech could be curtailed on national security grounds. Thus, in "New York Times Co. v. United States" (1971), he voted to allow newspapers to publish the Pentagon Papers despite the Nixon Administration's contention that publication would have security implications. In his concurring opinion, Black stated, He rejected the idea that the government was entitled to punish "obscene" speech. Likewise, he
Hugo Black
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National Military Joint Intelligence Center, (NMJIC) Pentagon. When Goss became CIA director in 2004, he nominated Kostiw to be executive director of the agency, the third highest ranking position. Kostiw withdrew his nomination when the shoplifting incident was leaked to the "Washington Post" and instead became senior adviser to Goss. The post of executive director was filled by Dusty Foggo. Kostiw is now the Republican Staff Director of the Senate Committee on Armed Services for the ranking Member John McCain. He assumed this role in January 2007. He is a permanent member of the Council On Foreign Relations. Michael Kostiw
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26 papers notified, 18 published Quindlen's essay. The Association maintains data on the number of newspapers that publish their own Sunday magazines. The organization had 46 members in 1991. In 1994 the Association had 35 members, including "Akron Beacon Journal", "Anchorage Daily News", "Los Angeles Times", "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post". Ande Zellman, editor of the "Boston Globe Magazine", was the association's president in 1989. Fred Mann, editor of "The Philadelphia Inquirer" magazine "Inquirer Magazine", was president of the association in 1991. Lary Bloom, editor of "Northeast", Sunday magazine of "The Hartford Courant", was elected president of
Sunday Magazine Editors Association
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possibly encourage other criminal informers to step forward. Author Peter Maas, who broke Valachi’s story in "The Saturday Evening Post", was assigned the job of editing the manuscript and permitted to interview Valachi in his Washington, D.C., jail cell. The American Italian Anti-Defamation League promoted a national campaign against the book on the grounds that it would reinforce negative ethnic stereotypes. If the book’s publication was not stopped they would appeal directly to the White House. Katzenbach reversed his decision to publish the book after a meeting with President Lyndon B. Johnson, an action that embarrassed the Justice Department. In
The Valachi Papers (book)
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was a member of the Biological Society of Washington, the Washington Academy of Sciences, and the Washington Society of Fine Arts. Richardson focused on research on isopod (and tanaid) systematics, and began publishing papers on isopoda in 1897; her first study was on the Socorro Isopod and she went on to publish a total of 80 papers. Her best known work was "A Monograph on the Isopods of North America", published in the Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum in 1905. This work covered all terrestrial, freshwater, and marine isopods in North America with keys, references, and descriptions. This work
Harriet Richardson
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publication. The magazine ended publication in 2004. A review of the Winter 1985 issue in "The Washington Post" called "Grand Street" "Hellenic, leftish, mandarin, impeccable", of which Sonnenberg would later say that he found that the accolade "hardest to accept is 'impeccable'". In his obituary, "The New York Times" described "Grand Street" as "one of the most revered literary magazines of the postwar era". Sonnenberg reminisced that "I printed only what I liked; never once did I publish an editorial statement; I offered no writers' guidelines; and I stopped when I couldn’t turn the pages anymore". Around 1970, Sonnenberg developed
Ben Sonnenberg
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Denver Newspaper Agency was formed. The new company ran all noneditorial operations of both papers, namely advertising and circulation, and was equally owned by the E. W. Scripps Company and by MediaNews Group, which owns "The Post". The two newspapers continued to publish separately except during the weekends, when the "Rocky Mountain News" was published only on Saturday and "The Denver Post" only on Sunday; each newspaper had one page of editorials in the other paper's weekend edition. They maintained their rivalry. The "Rocky" was considered more politically conservative than the "Post". On January 23, 2007, the "Rocky Mountain News"
Rocky Mountain News
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involved direct representation. The symposium concluded that both roles were valid for the ACLU. The ACLU supported "The New York Times" in its 1971 suit against the government, requesting permission to publish the Pentagon papers. The court upheld the "Times" and ACLU in the "New York Times Co. v. United States" ruling, which held that the government could not preemptively prohibit the publication of classified information and had to wait until after it was published to take action. As the Watergate saga unfolded, the ACLU became the first national organization to call for Nixon's impeachment. This, following the resolution opposing
American Civil Liberties Union
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and the right to publish becomes moot", and that publication could indeed cause "grave, direct, immediate and irreparable harm to the United States", thereby meeting the test the Supreme Court had enunciated in the "Pentagon Papers" case. The preliminary injunction was therefore granted. Lawyers for "The Progressive" filed a motion to vacate the decision on the grounds that the information contained in Morland's article was already in the public domain. The basis for this claim was two reports from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory UCRL-4725, "Weapons Development During June 1956", and UCRL-5280, "Weapons Development During June 1958", which contained detailed
United States v. Progressive, Inc.
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decision to publish, they stated: "The Guardian" called the material "one of the biggest leaks in U.S. military history...a devastating portrait of the failing war in Afghanistan, revealing how coalition forces have killed hundreds of civilians in unreported incidents, Taliban attacks have soared and NATO commanders fear neighbouring Pakistan and Iran are fuelling the insurgency". "The Guardian" also reported that Daniel Ellsberg has described the disclosure as on the scale of his leaking of the Pentagon Papers in 1971 revealing how the U.S. public was misled about the Vietnam War. "Der Spiegel" wrote that "the editors in chief of "Spiegel",
Afghan War documents leak
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right to publish the Pentagon Papers. One year later, Bradlee backed reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein as they probed the break-in at the Democratic National Committee Headquarters in the Watergate Hotel. According to Bradlee: You had a lot of Cuban or Spanish-speaking guys in masks and rubber gloves, with walkie-talkies, arrested in the Democratic National Committee Headquarters at 2 in the morning. What the hell were they in there for? What were they doing? The follow-up story was based primarily on their arraignment in court, and it was based on information given our police reporter, Al Lewis, by the
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as blood-licking. Ultimately, Pentagon performed a uranage, slamming Vampiro through a burning table, and then pinned him for the victory. Post-match, Vampiro demanded Pentagon break his arm, which Pentagon did. Pentagon then called for his "maestro" to reveal himself, only for Vampiro to announce that he was Pentagon's teacher, and that Pentagon was now 'ready'. The duo embraced, united. The third match was to crown the inaugural Gift of the Gods Champion. During the match, Aero Star dived off the balcony for a crossbody onto the other wrestlers, while Sexy Star fended off the interference of Marty the Moth. King
Ultima Lucha 1
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Pakistan, Djibouti, Kenya, Syria and Dubai. In 2010, she was banned from Guantanamo along with "Miami Herald" reporter Carol Rosenberg, Globe and Mail's Paul Koring and CanWest reporter Steven Edwards for identifying an interrogator who had been convicted in his role in the death of an Afghan detainee in U.S. detention in Bagram. The Pentagon lifted the ban following an outcry by various news outlets, including the "New York Times", and an appeal by the Pentagon Press Association. The "Washington Post" condemned the Pentagon for trying to exclude four "veteran" reporters with "a depth of knowledge." In 2004, she co-hosted
Michelle Shephard
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Document Conversion Systems"). With Cunningham's help, he began winning contracts from the Pentagon. As "The Washington Post" put it, "Wilkes was an obscure California contractor and lobbyist until his name surfaced last year as one of two defense contractors alleged to have given Cunningham $2.4 million in cash and other benefits in return for Cunningham's steering government business their way. One of Wilkes's companies received more than $80 million in Pentagon contracts over the past decade that stemmed from earmarks that Cunningham slipped into spending bills." "He snared a $1 million Pentagon contract in 1997, which Cunningham proclaimed "an asset"
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in four Warsaw Pact capitals. Daniel Ellsberg's attendance at a talk by Randy Kehler (as Kehler was preparing to submit to his sentence for draft resistance) at the WRI's 13th Triennial Meeting, held at Haverford College in August 1969, was a pivotal event in Ellsberg's decision to copy and release the Pentagon Papers. (It was Ellsberg's release of the Pentagon Papers which led President Nixon to create a group of in-house spies, who undertook the ill-fated Watergate break-in, which led to Nixon's resignation). In 1971, when Pakistani troops were blockading what was then East Pakistan, WRI launched Operation Omega to
War Resisters' International
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Post" (2017). He appears as himself in Ken Burns' 2017 documentary series, "The Vietnam War". Neil Sheehan Cornelius Mahoney "Neil" Sheehan (born October 27, 1936) is an American journalist. As a reporter for "The New York Times" in 1971, Sheehan obtained the classified Pentagon Papers from Daniel Ellsberg. His series of articles revealed a secret United States Department of Defense history of the Vietnam War and led to a US Supreme Court case, , when the United States government unsuccessfully attempted to halt publication. He received a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award for his 1988 book "A Bright
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quorum, however, prevented the Senate from convening. As chair of the Senate Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Gravel convened a meeting of the subcommittee and spent an hour reading part of the Pentagon Papers into the record. Prevented by his dyslexia from continuing, Gravel had the remainder of the Pentagon Papers entered into the record. Gravel arranged to have the Pentagon Papers published by a private publisher, Beacon Press, a non-profit book publisher owned by the Unitarian Universalist Association. A federal grand jury was empaneled to investigate possible violations of federal law in the release of the report. Leonard
Speech or Debate Clause
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not have government identification papers. As news of such tactics spread across the capital, some monks sought refuge in the Saigon homes of ARVN officers. Mendenhall insisted that the United States was responsible for the situation because it had helped the Ngo family gain power, armed and funded it. He reasoned that as Diệm used the arms against his own people, Washington also shared responsibility. He stated that "a refusal to act would be just as much interference in Vietnam's affairs as acting". According to the "Pentagon Papers", "the critical failure of both reports was to understand the fundamental political
Krulak–Mendenhall mission