who united all the sikh and founded a kingdom in the punjab
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
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Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire (also Sikh Khalsa Raj, Sarkar-i-Khalsa or Panjab (Punjab) Empire) was a major power in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849 and was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh misls. At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west to western Tibet in the east, and from Mithankot in the south to Kashmir in the
Sikh Empire
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Singh (d.1792) who also expanded the Misl further. After the decline of the Mughals, Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the misls and shaped a powerful kingdom in Punjab. Sukerchakia Misl The Sukerchakia Misl was one of 12 Sikh Misls in Punjab during the 18th century concentrated in Gujranwala and Hafizabad district in Western Punjab (in modern-Pakistan) and ruled from (1752-1801). The Sukerchakia last Misldar (commander of the Misl) was Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the misls and established an independent kingdom in Punjab. Sardar Naudh Singh on becoming Khalsa was
Sukerchakia Misl
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Sikhism in the United Kingdom Sikhism was recorded as the religion of 420,196 people resident in England at the 2011 Census, along with 2,962 people in Wales, 9,055 in Scotland and 216 in Northern Ireland, making for a total Sikh population of 432,429. Sikhs and Britain have a long and storied history. Decades before the last Sikh King, Duleep Singh, stepped onto British soil in the middle of the 19th century, there had been Anglo-Sikh contact as far back as the 1800s in the Punjab with his father Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Since then, even though this relationship has changed in
Sikhism in the United Kingdom
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Sukerchakia Misl The Sukerchakia Misl was one of 12 Sikh Misls in Punjab during the 18th century concentrated in Gujranwala and Hafizabad district in Western Punjab (in modern-Pakistan) and ruled from (1752-1801). The Sukerchakia last Misldar (commander of the Misl) was Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh united all the misls and established an independent kingdom in Punjab. Sardar Naudh Singh on becoming Khalsa was given a petty tract of land around Gujranwala that he renamed as Shukar Chak i.e. Thanks for the land. Sardar Charat Singh was the eldest son of Sardar
Sukerchakia Misl
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was captured by Chandragupta Maurya. The Punjab was home to the Gupta Empire, the empire of the Alchon Huns, the empire of Harsha, and the Mongol Empire. Circa 1000, the Punjab was invaded by Muslims and was part of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. Sikhism originated in Punjab and resulted in the formation of the Sikh Confederacy after the fall of the Mughal Empire. The confederacy was united into the Sikh Empire by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. The entire Punjab region was annexed by the British East India Company from the Sikh Empire in 1849. In 1947, the Punjab Province
Punjab, India
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at Gujarat, Lord Dalhousie annexed the Punjab for the East India Company in 1849. For his services the Earl of Dalhousie received the thanks of the British parliament and a step in the peerage, as marquess. The Sikh Wars gave the two sides a mutual respect for each other's fighting prowess. The Sikhs would fight loyally for the British in the Indian Mutiny and in many other campaigns and wars up until Indian Independence in 1947. The Sikh kingdom of the Punjab was consolidated and expanded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh during the early years of the nineteenth century. During the
Second Anglo-Sikh War
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from an ailment. Diwan Mulraj Chopra Diwan Mulraj was the leader of the Sikh rebellion against the British from Multan. He was son of Diwan Sawan Mal who was appointed as governor of the city of Multan by the Sikh Emperor, Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His territory included Southern Punjab region of Jhang. After the annexation of Lahore palace by the British, the Sikh Army fought valiantly in the two Anglo-Sikh wars. Diwan Mulraj was part of the last Sikh stand against the British and was supported by Sikh Saint Bhai Maharaj Singh, Sikh Sardars from West Punjab, and Punjabi Muslims.
Diwan Mulraj Chopra
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Diwan Mulraj Chopra Diwan Mulraj was the leader of the Sikh rebellion against the British from Multan. He was son of Diwan Sawan Mal who was appointed as governor of the city of Multan by the Sikh Emperor, Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His territory included Southern Punjab region of Jhang. After the annexation of Lahore palace by the British, the Sikh Army fought valiantly in the two Anglo-Sikh wars. Diwan Mulraj was part of the last Sikh stand against the British and was supported by Sikh Saint Bhai Maharaj Singh, Sikh Sardars from West Punjab, and Punjabi Muslims. After British captured
Diwan Mulraj Chopra
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Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire (also Sikh Khalsa Raj, Sarkar-i-Khalsa or Panjab (Punjab) Empire) was a major power in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849 and was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh misls. At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west to western Tibet in the east, and from Mithankot in the south to Kashmir in the
Sikh Empire
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the "azan", or 'summons to prayer'." Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire (also Sikh Khalsa Raj, Sarkar-i-Khalsa or Panjab (Punjab) Empire) was a major power in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849 and was forged on the foundations of the Khalsa from a collection of autonomous Sikh misls. At its peak in the 19th century, the Empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west to western Tibet in the east, and from Mithankot in
Sikh Empire
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awareness of Sikhism amongst the non Asian community of the United States of America. This community is known as the white Sikh community which practices Sikhism and maintains a distinct culture. Although the ancestors of the Sikhs of Assam were from Punjab, the Assamese Sikhs have been living in Assam for over 200 years. The community traces its origins to the times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh who took his army to Assam. According to the 2001 census, there were 22,519 Sikhs in Assam, out of which 4,000 are Assamese Sikhs. Assamese Sikhs follow the Sikh religion and celebrate Sikh festivals.
Sikh art and culture
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Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh (English: "Lion of Punjab: King Ranjit Singh") is an Indian historical drama based on the life of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780 –1839), the founder of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. The series stars Damanpreet Singh, Tunisha Sharma, Shaleen Bhanot, Rumi Khan, Sonia Singh, Sneha Wagh and Chetan Pandit in leading roles. The series premiered on Life OK on 20 March 2017. On 13 November 2000 T, a visionary was born who united Punjab under one flag, named Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh
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after World War II, most going to the United Kingdom but many to North America. Some Sikhs who had settled in eastern Africa were expelled by Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in 1972. Economics is a major factor in Sikh migration, and significant communities exist in the United Kingdom, the United States, Malaysia, East Africa, Australia, Singapore and Thailand. Due to this, Canada is the country that has the highest number of Sikhs in proportion to the population in the world at 1.4% of Canada's total population. Although the rate of Sikh migration from the Punjab has remained high, traditional patterns
Sikh
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32nd Sikh Pioneers The 32nd Sikh Pioneers was a regiment of the Indian Army during British rule. The regiment was founded in 1857 as the "Punjab Sappers (Pioneers)". After a series of names changes, it became the "32nd Punjab Pioneers" in 1901 and the "32nd Sikh Pioneers" in 1903. To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905. In 1922, it united with 23rd Sikh Pioneers and 34th Sikh Pioneers, to form 2nd Bn, 3rd Sikh Pioneers. Their most celebrated feat of arms was the relief in 1895
32nd Sikh Pioneers
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teachings of the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru". The Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent has been the historic homeland of the Sikhs, and was ruled by the Sikhs for significant parts of the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, the Punjab state in northwest India has a majority Sikh population, and sizeable communities of Sikhs exist around the world. Many countries, such as the United Kingdom, recognize Sikhs as a designated religion on their censuses. The American non-profit organization United Sikhs has sought to have Sikh included on the U.S. census as a ethnicity, arguing
Sikh
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of the besieged British garrison of Chitral, by a gruelling crossing of the snow-covered Shandur Pass. 32nd Sikh Pioneers The 32nd Sikh Pioneers was a regiment of the Indian Army during British rule. The regiment was founded in 1857 as the "Punjab Sappers (Pioneers)". After a series of names changes, it became the "32nd Punjab Pioneers" in 1901 and the "32nd Sikh Pioneers" in 1903. To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905. In 1922, it united with 23rd Sikh Pioneers and 34th Sikh Pioneers, to form
32nd Sikh Pioneers
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Sikhism in Germany German Sikhs are a religious minority in Germany. Many German Sikhs have their roots from the Punjab region in north India. They number between 15,000 to 21,000. Germany had the third highest Sikh population in Europe after United Kingdom and Italy. In the early 21st century, also native Germans have adopted the Sikh Faith. Frankfurt, is also known to the Sikhs, as Mini Punjab, because of a great Sikh Population, residing there. Information about Sikhism and an updated list of Gurudwaras in Germany, Austria and Switzerland you can find on the DISR German information center for Sikh
Sikhism in Germany
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The royal house is now headed by His Highness Maharaja Amarinder Singh Brar. The royals are considered cultural and political icons in Faridkot. Maharaja Paharha Singh who ruled from 1813 to 1845 (the Sikh Kingdom of Faridkot in Punjab) was also known as a traitor. He joined the British East India Company and helped the British during the First Anglo-Sikh War against the Sikh Empire of Jat sikh ruler Maharajah Ranjit Singh of Punjab which was larger and extended from Tibet Kashmir, plains of Punjab to Peshawar near the Afghan borders. Faridkot State Faridkot State was a self-governing princely state
Faridkot State
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Malkit Singh Tehang Malkit Singh Tehang is a long standing leader of the Sikh community in Sandwell. He is the ex-president of the first and largest Gurdwara (Sikh Temple) in the UK - Guru Nanak Gurdwara Smethwick. Born in 1954 in the village Tehang, near Phillaur, Punjab, Malkit migrated from Punjab to the United Kingdom in the 1970s. As with many Sikhs at the time Malkit became an Amritdhari (Baptised) Sikh in 1984 after the Operation Bluestar attack on the Golden Temple. Since 1984 he has worked for the Sikh community. He was selected onto the committee in the late
Malkit Singh Tehang
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Singh who ruled from 1813 to 1845 (the Sikh Kingdom of Patiala in Punjab) joined the British East India Company and helped the British during the First Anglo Sikh wars against the Sikh Empire of Maharajah Ranjit Singh of Punjab which was larger and extended from Tibet Kashmir, plains of Punjab to Peshawar near the Afghan borders. Patiala gets name after Maharaja Ala Singh, the Sidhu Jat founder of Patiala state. It was earlier known as Pat-Ala (पट-आला) which changed to Patiala over a period of time. This office became hereditary amongst his descendants until Phul, the Sikh ancestor of
Patiala State
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and there is a temple witting that believe in the south west of the city Mansa was formerly a part of Phulkia Sikh Dynasty (1722–1948) then part of Kaithal Sikh Kingdom (1762–1857). Mansa became district on 13 April 1992 from the erstwhile Bathinda district. The city is said to have been founded by Bhai Gurdas who hailed from Dhingar, Mansa district. He is said to have been married at this place among the Dhaliwal Jat Sikh. Once he came to his in-laws to take his wife along with him but they refused to send her. At this, Bhai Gurdas sat
Mansa, Punjab
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Mansa, and Sardulgarh. The Ghaggar River flows through the Sardulgarh tehsil in the southwestern corner of the district. <br>Punjabi is the mother tongue as well as the official language of the district. Mansa District was formerly a part of Phulkia Sikh Dynasty (1722–1948) then part of Kaithal Sikh Kingdom (1762–1857). The present district was formed on 13 April 1992 from the erstwhile Bathinda district. The town is said to have been founded by Bhai Gurdas who hailed from Dhingar, Mansa district. He is said to have been married at this place among the Dhaliwal Jat Sikh. Once he came to
Mansa district, Punjab
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Subsequently, the main 'push' factor for Sikh migration has been economic with significant Sikh communities now being found in Philippines, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Malaysia, East Africa, Australia and Thailand. Axel (2001) argues that the Sikh diaspora community, having established themselves in foreign countries, begin to fetishize the past and nurture idealized designs for their 'lost and imaginary' Sikh empire. This comes into fruition to a certain degree with the establishment of Indian Punjab in 1966 as a Sikh majority state. However, Tatla(1998) argues that the marginalization and sense of grievance that Indian Sikhs were facing due
Sikh diaspora
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Tom Singh Tom Singh (born August 1949) is the founder of the New Look chain of high street fashion stores in the United Kingdom. He is the eldest brother of author and broadcaster Simon Singh. Tom Singh was born into a Punjabi Sikh family, who emigrated from the Punjab to England in the late 1940s when he was a baby. He was educated at Wellington School. He earned a degree in international politics and geography from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. In 1969, Singh founded the UK fashion retail chain New Look in Taunton, Somerset, starting with a loan from
Tom Singh
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of communal injustice, which is a later trait in the diaspora's development. Having annexed the Sikh Kingdom, the British Raj preferentially recruited Sikhs in the Indian Civil Service and, in particular, the British Indian Army, which led to migration of Sikhs to different parts of British India and the British Empire. Semiskilled artisans were transported from the Punjab to British East Africa to help in the building of railways, while many Sikhs found themselves in Australia working as Ghans, or cameleers and as labourers on cane plantations. The Sikhs made tremendous contributions to Punjab from 1857 to 1947. Sikhs founded
Sikh diaspora
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First Anglo-Sikh War The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company between 1845 and 1846. It resulted in partial subjugation of the Sikh kingdom. The Sikh kingdom of Punjab was expanded and consolidated by Maharajah Ranjit Singh during the early years of the nineteenth century, about the same time as the British-controlled territories were advanced by conquest or annexation to the borders of the Punjab. Ranjit Singh maintained a policy of wary friendship with the British, ceding some territory south of the Sutlej River, while at the same time building up his military
First Anglo-Sikh War
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attitude were the Babbar Khalsa founded by the widow, Bibi Amarjit Kaur of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha, whose husband Fauja Singh had been at the head of the march in Amritsar; the Damdami Taksal led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale who had also been in Amritsar on the day of the outrage; the Dal Khalsa, formed with the object of demanding a sovereign Sikh state; and the All India Sikh Students Federation, which was banned by the government. In the subsequent years following this event, several murders took place in Punjab and the surrounding areas allegedly by Bhindranwale's group and the
Punjab insurgency
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for its sizeable Sikh community. The Sikh population in the Yuba-Sutter Area has grown to be one of the largest in the United States and one of the largest Sikh populations outside of the Punjab state of India. Each year on the first Sunday of November, Sikhs from the United States, Canada, India, the United Kingdom and throughout the world attend the Sikh parade in Yuba City, which commemorates the receipt by Sikhs of their Holy scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib, in 1708. The 4.5-mile-long parade features floats and a procession of parade participants. The 2005 parade drew an estimated
Yuba City, California
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the Assembly election. Two years after losing the Punjab Assembly elections in 1969, Chohan moved to the United Kingdom to start his campaign for creation of Khalistan. In 1971, he went to Nankana Sahib in Pakistan to attempt to set up a Sikh government. Chohan was invited by Pakistani army dictator Yahya Khan and was proclaimed as a Sikh leader. Certain Sikh relics that were in Pakistan were handed down to him and taken to UK. The relics had helped Chohan to gather Sikh supporters and followers. He then visited the United States at the invitation of his supporters among
Jagjit Singh Chohan
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Religion, Sikh History and Culture - DISR website: https://deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de or under https://www.sikh-religion.de Here are a list of some of the gurdwaras in Germany. https://deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de/Gurudwaras_Europe_de.php updated list please visit https://www.deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de/Sikhs_de.php https://www.deutsches-informationszentrum-sikhreligion.de https://www.sikh-religion.de http://www.sikhismus.com Sikhism in Germany German Sikhs are a religious minority in Germany. Many German Sikhs have their roots from the Punjab region in north India. They number between 15,000 to 21,000. Germany had the third highest Sikh population in Europe after United Kingdom and Italy. In the early 21st century, also native Germans have adopted the Sikh Faith. Frankfurt, is also known to the Sikhs, as Mini Punjab, because
Sikhism in Germany
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(then 36th Sikhs) of the Sikh Regiment of British India, died defending an army post from 10,000 Afghan and Orakzai tribesmen in 1897. In 1873 and 1879 the First and Second Singh Sabha was founded, the Sikh leaders of the Singh Sabha worked to offer a clear definition of Sikh identity and tried to purify Sikh belief and practice. In 1882 The first Punjab university, University of the Punjab, was founded at Lahore. In 1892 the Khalsa College was founded in Amritsar. In 1907 The Khalsa Diwan Society is established in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In 1911 The first Gurdwara
History of Sikhism
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one led by Gurbachan Singh Manochahal and the other faction led by Sukhwinder Singh Sangha. The BTF was a Sikh group fighting for an independent Sikh homeland. Based in the state of Punjab, India, the BTF was described as one of the major Sikh militant groups and reportedly the strongest militant group in the Amritsar-Tarn Taran area. According to a professor in Anthropology at University of Maine in Orono with expertise on Sikh militant groups in Punjab, the BTF was founded in 1984 by Gurbachan Singh Manochahal, who was also head of the original Panthic Committee (30 December 1994). Manochal
Bhindranwala Tigers Force of Khalistan
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Khalistan Commando Force The Khalistan Commando Force or KCF is a terrorist organisation supported by radical Sikh groups operating in the Indian state of Punjab with prominent members based in Canada, the United Kingdom and Pakistan. Government of India has declared and banned KCF as a terrorist organisation. According to the US State Department, and the Assistant Inspector General of the Punjab Police Intelligence Division, the KCF was responsible for many assassinations in India, including the 1995 assassination of Chief Minister Beant Singh. The creation of a Sikh independent state of Khalistan through armed struggle is their primary goal. As
Khalistan Commando Force
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claim to have originated in Punjab since Jain symbolism has been found among artifacts of the Indus Valley Civilization). All the Sikh gurus, saints and majority of the martyrs in Sikh history were from Punjab and from the Punjabi people. Punjabi culture and Sikhism are considered inseparably intertwined. "Sikh" properly refers to adherents of Sikhism as a religion, not an ethnic group. However, because Sikhism has seldom sought converts, most Sikhs share strong ethno-religious ties. Many countries, such as the U.K., therefore recognize Sikh as a designated ethnicity on their censuses. The American non-profit organization United Sikhs has fought to
Sikh art and culture
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religious organisations are considered as neo-Hinduism in the West. The total number of these followers in Germany is comparatively low. Between 10,000 and 20,000 Sikhs are living in Germany. Many Sikhs in Germany have their roots from Punjab region in the north of India, as well as from Pakistan and Afghanistan. Germany has the third highest Sikh population in Europe after United Kingdom and Italy. The city Frankfurt is also known to the Sikhs, as Mini Punjab, because of a great Sikh Population, residing there. There is a large Yazidi community in Germany, estimated to be numbering around 100,000 people.
Religion in Germany
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London and settled permanently, after fighting the British for a long time until the fall of the Sikh Dynasty in 1849. She was given permission by the British Parliament to settle on English soil. A jewel on the UK queen's crown belonged to, and was stolen from Maharaja Ranjeet Singh. The First Sikh Settlers started migrating from the Punjab in 1911, when the first Sikh Gurdwara was opened in London. During the start of the First and Second World Wars respectively, there was already an established Sikh presence in many parts of England. In London itself the community was small
Sikhism in the United Kingdom
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less than 20 people and he was labelled as a madman and received only one person's support. There was a lack of support but Parmar continued his efforts. Jagjit Singh Chohan was a Sikh politician in Indian Punjab who pursued from abroad the idea of a sovereign Khalistan. Two years after losing the Punjab Assembly elections in 1969, Chohan moved to the United Kingdom, to start his campaign for creation of Khalistan. In 1970 Parmar came in contact with Jagjit Singh Chohan in London which led to the launch of the movement. The Khalistan movement was announced formally at a
Khalistan movement
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later, following the second Anglo-Sikh war, it was transferred to British along with other territories of Punjab. Historical personalities of this village include Sikh warriors, Sangat Singh Ji, Uday Singh Ji, and Bachiter Singh Ji; all served in the tenth Sikh Guru, Gobind Singh Ji's army. Later, Sikh Chiefs from this village served in the army of famous Sikh leader Banda Bahadur Singh Ji, who offered them a Fief (Jagir) which lies in what is today the Patiala district of Punjab. These Chiefs later built a fort and established Bahadurgarh village in their new land. A medieval well in Padhiana,
Padhiana
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were calculated by using the above numbers. The first percentage, 4th column, refers to the percentage of Sikhs in a region (Sikhs in the region/total population of the region). The last column shows the Sikh percentage compared to the total Sikh population of the world (Sikhs in the region/total Sikh population of the world). General: Sikhism by country Sikhism can be found predominantly in the Punjab region of India but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent, with the largest emigrant population being in Canada and United Kingdom. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide,
Sikhism by country
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remaining independent kingdom not under British influence. The kingdom was also renowned for being the wealthiest, the Koh-i-Noor being but one of its many treasures. Despite this, it is unlikely that the British East India Company would have deliberately attempted to annex the Punjab had the war not occurred, as they simply did not have the manpower or resources to keep a hold on the territories (as proven by the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Sikh War). Nevertheless, the unconcealed and seemingly aggressive British military build-up at the borders had the effect of increasing tension within the Punjab and the Sikh
First Anglo-Sikh War
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an Institute of Jainology at Greenford, London. Sikhism was recorded as the religion of 336,149 people in the United Kingdom at the time of the 2001 Census. While England is home to the majority of Sikhs in the United Kingdom, small communities also exist in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The first recorded Sikh settler in the United Kingdom was Maharaja Duleep Singh, dethroned and exiled in 1849 at the age of 14, after the Anglo-Sikh wars. During the reign of King Edward VII the first Sikh society in the UK was founded in 1908, it was called The Khalsa
Religion in the United Kingdom
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Sikh conflicts emerged a victorious Sikh by the name of Ranjit Singh who was able to unify the Sikh factions and capture Lahore where he was crowned Emperor. Ranjit Singh made Lahore his capital (shifting from the former capital, Gujranwala) in 1799 and was able to expand the kingdom to the Khyber Pass and also included Jammu and Kashmir, while keeping the British from expanding across the River Sutlej for more than 40 years. He rose to power in a very short period, from a leader of a single Sikh misl to finally becoming the Maharaja (Emperor) of Punjab. For
Sikh period in Lahore
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Kingdom of Punjab was annexed by the British, 10 irregular regiments were formed, 5 cavalry and 5 infantry, from men who had served in the Sikh Army of the former Kingdom of Punjab, the so-called "Khalsa Army", by order of Col. Henry Montgomery Lawrence, President of the newly created governing body, the "Board of Administration of the Punjab". They were "irregular" as they were outside the regulations of the Regular Army of the Line in such matters as discipline, training, uniforms etc. These 5 regiments were thus some of the first to adopt khaki uniforms, known as "drab", so suitable
4th Punjab Infantry Regiment
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hold conferences all over North America. They have four different programs which are committed to create social equity through active conversation, these programs are: These programs create safe spaces for people to have conversations about politics and religion, through a Sikh Feminist perspective. Through their website, they also provide a valuable list of Sikh Feminist reading material, as well as articles written by them and about them. Their articles are intended to challenge oppression and provide valuable information about Sikh movements, people, and history. Sikh feminism Sikhism was founded in Punjab in 1469 by Guru Nanak on the foundations that
Sikh feminism
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sold for an undisclosed sum to private equity group Sun European Partners. Bonmarché was founded in 1982, by Parkash Singh Chima. The Sikh businessman arrived in the United Kingdom in 1950, from the Punjab and settled in Ely, Cambridgeshire, from where he launched his door-to-door sales of clothing items that were in demand after the Second World War. The family bought two retail clothing firms in 1982 – Wiltex and Hartley – which had twenty six indoor market locations across the north of England. Mr Chima moved to Huddersfield and ran the business with two of his sons Gurchait and
Bonmarché
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banana led success. In 1968 the First Sikh Temple was opened in Woolgoolga, becoming the first Gurdwara to be opened in the country. With the enactment of the Racial Discrimination Act by the Whitlam government, Sikh migration to Australia dramatically increased. While most Sikh immigrants can trace their heritage to Punjab, many come from countries other than India including Malaysia, Singapore, Fiji, Kenya, Uganda and the United Kingdom. Sikhs migrate to Australia because it is a free stable country with economic opportunities. In many cases Sikhs suffered injustices in their home country, and in the case of Uganda, open persecution.
Sikhism in Australia
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Randhir Singh (Sikh) Randhir Singh (1878–1961) was a Sikh leader who started the Gurdwara Sudhaar Movement, and founded the Akhand Kirtani Jatha. Randhir Singh was born as Basant Singh in Narangwal, Ludhiana district, Punjab on July 7, 1878 in a Sikh family. His father Natha Singh worked as a District Inspector of Schools and as a Judge in the High Court of the State of Nabha. He completed his schooling in Nabha and higher education from Government and Foreman Christian Colleges at Lahore. Singh wrote various books on Sikh theology, philosophy, and the Sikh way of life. He was charged
Randhir Singh (Sikh)
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Sikh Students Federation's Bihar-Jharkhand unit. The Sikh Students Federation formed in 1944 is now divided into various factions. All India Sikh Students Federation The All India Sikh Students Federation (AISSF), is a Sikh student organisation and political organisation in India. (AISSF) was formed in 1943. as the youth wing of the Akali Dal, which is a Sikh political party in the Indian Punjab. In March 1984, due to the rise in Punjab Insurgency, the Indian government banned the AISSF, and jailed many of its members. During the Operation Bluestar in June 1984, members of the AISSF were involved in the
All India Sikh Students Federation
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of their religion, a segment of Punjabis who are categorised as Punjabi Hindus continue heterogeneous religious practices in spiritual kinship with Sikhism. This not only includes veneration of the Sikh Gurus in private practice but also visits to Sikh Gurdwaras in addition to Hindu temples. Primary and Secondary education is mainly affiliated to Punjab School Education Board. Punjab is served by several institutions of higher education, including 23 universities that provide undergraduate and postgraduate courses in all the major arts, humanities, science, engineering, law, medicine, veterinary science, and business. Punjab Agricultural University is a leading institution globally for the study
Punjab, India
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All India Sikh Students Federation The All India Sikh Students Federation (AISSF), is a Sikh student organisation and political organisation in India. (AISSF) was formed in 1943. as the youth wing of the Akali Dal, which is a Sikh political party in the Indian Punjab. In March 1984, due to the rise in Punjab Insurgency, the Indian government banned the AISSF, and jailed many of its members. During the Operation Bluestar in June 1984, members of the AISSF were involved in the fighting between the Indian army and Sikh militants at the Golden Temple. AISSF members were also involved in
All India Sikh Students Federation
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Prohibitions in Sikhism There are a number of religious prohibitions in Sikhism. Not all Sikh-identified people subscribe to these prohibitions. The Sahajdhari Sikhs reject most of the prohibitions, including trimming of hair (Kesh). Some young Sikhs are now cutting their hair to the dismay of spiritual leaders. According to the Sikh clergy, "the fad among youth to shed the pagri" is being observed more commonly among the Sikh youth in Punjab than Sikhs in other Indian states. Nihang Sikhs of Punjab, who are defenders of historic Sikh shrines, are an exception and consume an intoxicant called "bhang" (cannabis sativa), opium
Prohibitions in Sikhism
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respect and dignity by the British. The city of Patiala was designed and developed according to a plan akin to that of temple architecture, the first settlers of Patiala were the Hindus of Sirhind, who opened their business establishments outside the Darshani Gate. The royal house is now headed by Captain Amarinder Singh who is also the current Chief Minister of Punjab. The royals are considered cultural and political icons in east Punjab. Maharaja Karam Singh who ruled from 1813 to 1845 (the Sikh Kingdom of Patiala in Punjab) joined the British East India Company and helped the British during
Patiala
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Nakai (Former Federal Minister), late Sardar Pervaiz Hassan Nakai who was a former member of the Punjab Assembly, and Sardar Atif Nakai, former Tehsil Nazim of Tehsil Pattoki. http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=4554&page=1&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX&sbtsro=1&viewall=1 http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=4554&page=308&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=7907&page=23&CategoryID=1&Searched=punjab+chiefs Nakai Misl The Nakai Misl ( , ), founded by Sandhu Jats, was one of the twelve Sikh Misls that later became the Sikh Empire. It held territory between the Ravi and Sutlej rivers to the southwest of Lahore in what is now modern-day Pakistan. The misl fought against the Sials, the Pathans and the Kharals before being incorporated into the Sikh Empire of the Sukerchakia Misl by Ranjit
Nakai Misl
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in Punjab. He is credited with the launching the Sikh militancy in Punjab, with training and support from the spy agency ISI of Pakistan. Under Bhindranwale, the number of people initiating into the Khalsa increased. He also increased the level of rhetoric on the perceived "assault" on Sikh values from the Hindu community. Bhindranwale and his followers started carrying firearms at all times. In 1983, to escape arrest, he along with his militant cadre occupied and fortified the sikh shrine Akal Takht. He made the Sikh religious building his headquarters and led the terrorist campaign in Punjab. On 1 June
Punjab insurgency
4034303
Jatha. http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/sikh-dharamsala-london. The first Sikh Gurdwara (temple) was established in 1911, in Shepherds Bush, Putney, London. The first wave of Sikh migration came in the 1940s, mostly of men from the Punjab seeking work in industries such as foundries and textiles. These new arrivals mostly settled in London, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, the Midlands and West Yorkshire. Thousands of Sikhs from East Africa followed later. In the 2001 Census, a total of 42,262 people from England, Scotland, and Wales declared themselves to be pagans or adherents of Wicca. However, other surveys have led to estimates of around 250,000 or even higher. In
Religion in the United Kingdom
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well-off Sikh farming family in the Punjab, then part of British India. Khabra gave his year of birth as 1924, but his marriage certificate dated it as 1921. He attended Khalsa High School and Punjab University, but his education was interrupted by the Second World War, and he served in the Indian Army between 1942 and 1946. He returned to university after the war, earning a degree in social services. He joined the Communist Party of India, and became a teacher in an elementary school. Refused a visa to emigrate to the United States, he moved to the United Kingdom
Piara Khabra
5923617
Dalip Singh Saund Dalip Singh Saund (September 20, 1899 – April 22, 1973) was an American politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives. He served the 29th District of California from January 3, 1957 to January 3, 1963. He was the first Sikh American, the first Asian American, the first Indian American and the first member of a non-Abrahamic faith to be elected to Congress. Born in Chhajulwadi, Punjab, India, to a Sikh family, he received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from the University of Punjab in 1919. He immigrated to the United States (via
Dalip Singh Saund
1360784
the British, the region around Punjab had been ruled by the confederacy of Sikh Misls founded by Banda Bahadur ruled over the entire Punjab from 1767 to 1799, until their confederacy was unified into the Sikh Empire by Maharajah Ranjit Singh from 1799 to 1849. The Sikhs have traditionally been concentrated in Punjab region of undivided India although not in a majority. Before the partition of India in 1947, Sikhs were not in majority in any of the districts of pre-partition British Punjab Province other than Ludhiana.The districts in the region had a majority of either the Hindus or Muslims
Khalistan movement
3660087
the throne in January 1841. The most prominent Sindhanwalias took refuge on British territory, but had many adherents among the Army of the Punjab. The army was expanding rapidly in the aftermath of Ranjit Singh's death, from 29,000 (with 192 guns) in 1839 to over 80,000 in 1845 as landlords and their retainers took up arms. It proclaimed itself to be the embodiment of the Sikh nation. Its regimental panchayats (committees) formed an alternative power source within the kingdom, declaring that Guru Gobind Singh's ideal of the Sikh commonwealth had been revived, with the Sikhs as a whole assuming all
First Anglo-Sikh War
9133584
gave a speech to the Punjabi Community as to how the Gur Sikh Temple is a shrine to all immigrants into Canada, not just Sikh ones. 2011 was declared the Centennial year for Canadian Sikhs. In 2005, it was announced that Balwant Singh Rajoana would be hanged under the death penalty for the murder of former Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh on March 31 in Patiala. Beant Singh was the chief minister of the Indian State of Punjab, considered a hero among many Sikh youths in Canada, who stated that upon death he would become a martyr. The announcement angered
Sikhism in Canada
3490863
in 1914 with waging war against the British Crown and had to undergo life-imprisonment from 1914 to 1931. He died on Vaisakhi, April 13, 1961 and his cremation took place at the lake between Gujjarwal and Narangwal. Randhir Singh (Sikh) Randhir Singh (1878–1961) was a Sikh leader who started the Gurdwara Sudhaar Movement, and founded the Akhand Kirtani Jatha. Randhir Singh was born as Basant Singh in Narangwal, Ludhiana district, Punjab on July 7, 1878 in a Sikh family. His father Natha Singh worked as a District Inspector of Schools and as a Judge in the High Court of the
Randhir Singh (Sikh)
17479998
6. Hayes Kabaddi Club 7. Guru Nanak Sports Club Hull & London 8. Leicester Kabaddi Club 9. Medway Kabaddi Club 10. Singh Sabha Kabaddi Club Slough 11. GNG Kabaddi Club Smethwick 12. Singh Sabha Sports Club Southall 13. Telford Kabaddi Club 14. Sikh Temple Kabaddi Club Wallsal 15. Punjab United Kabaddi Club Wolverhampton 16. Sikh Temple Kabaddi Club Wolverhampton 17. Hounslow Kabaddi Club 18. Swansea Kabaddi Club http://kabaddiuk.com/ England Kabaddi Federation UK The England Kabaddi Federation UK is the governing body for kabaddi in the United Kingdom. It also governs the UK Kabaddi league. The UK Kabaddi league hosts 18
England Kabaddi Federation UK
13574538
Nanua Bairagi Nanua Bairagi, (~17th–18th century) also known as Nanua Bhagat and Jamala Singh, was a renowned mystic, humanitarian and Sikh warrior of Punjab. He belonged to Saini community of Punjab. Nanua was also the spiritual mentor of Bhai Kanhaiya, who in turn started "Seva Panthi" mission . As a Darbari Kavi, or court poet, of Sikh gurus, his poetry left an imprint on the poetry style of Bulhe Shah. One of his famous hymns is given as follows: I am Naught, O Lord, Thou art All! I have seen all cloth, each shred, To find all textures the self-same
Nanua Bairagi
398764
1920s. The movement led to the introduction of Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC). The months leading up to the partition of India in 1947 were marked by conflict in the Punjab between Sikhs and Muslims. This caused the religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab, mirroring a similar religious migration of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab. The 1960s saw growing animosity between Sikhs and Hindus in India, with the Sikhs demanding the creation of a Punjab state on a
Sikh
10676836
Sikhism in Fiji Unlike the majority of Fiji's Indian population, who are descendants of Indian indentured labourers brought to Fiji between 1879 and 1916, most of the Sikhs came to Fiji as free immigrants. Most Sikhs established themselves as farmers. Sikhs also came to Fiji as policemen, teachers and preachers. In recent years large numbers of Sikhs have emigrated from Fiji, especially to the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Sikhs in Fiji are generally referred to as Punjabis. Recruitment of indentured labour for Fiji did not take place in Punjab (the home of the Sikh,
Sikhism in Fiji
16119594
Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal The Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal (SHSAD) was a Sikh political party in India, formed after a split in the Shiromani Akali Dal. The party was led by Gurcharan Singh Tohra. SHSAD was founded by Tohra after he was expelled by the SAD Political Affairs Committee on May 14, 1999. SHSAD was officially constituted on May 30, 1999. The party contested the 1999 Lok Sabha election and won 4.15% of the vote in Punjab. All in all the party had fielded 7 candidates in Punjab. SHSAD contested the 2002 Punjab Vidhan Sabha election as a
Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal
13515445
the Sikh Empire was Sikh (78%), Hindu (12%), Muslim (10%). After his proclamation in 1801 as Maharajah, Ranjit Singh began the modernisation of the Punjab Army. All the Misl leaders who were affiliated with the Army had been nobility, usually with long and prestigious family histories in Punjab. Ranjit Singh introduced several new commanders, some of them European, and a further 52,000 well-trained and equipped professional-grade irregulars with a significant multi-religious component. In addition, the army was equipped with field artillery, turning it into a premier fighting force. After Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the empire was severely weakened by
Punjab, India
13100215
Qila Sura Singh Qila Sura Singh is a village in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 30°39'5N 73°44'25E with an altitude of 168 metres (554 feet). During the Sikh Misl period, the village was under the administration of the Sukerchakia Misl. Before Partition of Punjab Qila Sura Singh was inhabited by Sikhs who were mainly land owners, farmers, soldiers, and civil workers. Some of the villagers were recorded to have served in the 48th Pioneers during the First World War. After partition mostly all of the Sikh villagers migrated to the eastern half of Punjab, and what
Qila Sura Singh
10894833
Sikh diaspora The Sikh diaspora is the modern Punjabi Sikh migration from the traditional area of the Punjab region. Sikhism is (de facto) an ethnic religion, the Punjab region being the historic homeland of Sikhism. The Sikh diaspora is largely a subset of the Punjabi diaspora. The starting point of the diaspora is commonly accepted to have begun after the fall of the Sikh Empire in 1849 and the Empire's subsequent annexation into the British Raj. The most famous personification of the Sikh diaspora was the first, Maharajah Duleep Singh, the last Emperor of the Sikhs who was coerced into
Sikh diaspora
4225015
Sikh regiments were simply redesignated Sikh Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force. The six former Punjab Infantry regiments were officially redesignated Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force, but the earlier style lingered and was restored in 1901. Although never designated as such, the 5th Gurkha Regiment was brigaded with the force in practice. All but two of the infantry regiments took the field in the Second Afghan War, and their subsequent awards were:- Spending cuts after the war resulted in the disbandment of the 3rd Punjab Infantry in 1882. Spared the same fate, the 4th Sikh Infantry was employed in the expedition of 1895
Military history of the North-West Frontier
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a total of 1,448 houses. The village has a largely Sikh yet diverse population of Hindus and Muslims that are served by 12 Gurdwaras, a Hindu temple and a Masjid. Local Churches can be found in Jalandhar. Bundala also has a sizeable amount of its population that have relatives living abroad notably in the United Kingdom. Bundala Bundala, also spelt as Bandala, (Punjabi: ਬੁੰਡਾਲਾ) is a large village in Jalandhar zillah situated in Tehsil Phillaur within the Indian state of Punjab and is located in the centre of the Doaba region of Punjab. Early history The village can trace its
Bundala
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Bhatra The Bhat, Bhatt, Bhatta, Bhatraju, Bhatra, Bhatrai community, refers to a priest, bard, scribe in Sanskrit, a title given to learned Hindu Brahmins, Sikhs and Muslims with Saraswat Brahmin heritage. This community are also known as the Sangat community and are comprised majorly of Sikh, there is also a size able Muslim community (Bhat clan). Today in the United Kingdom there are significant numbers of Sikhs with Bhat ancestry, as there are in India. The majority Bhat Sikhs originate from Punjab and were among the first followers of Guru Nanak in the Punjab community, in India they are classed
Bhatra
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name, and was known as Sikh Students Federation (SSF) for some time. Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad is the current president of All India Sikhs Students Federation since 19 January 1995. The organization is aimed at demanding justice for the victims of the 1984 Anti Sikh Genocide, and also focuses on other issues facing the Sikh community. The organization under the leadership of President Karnail Singh Peer Mohammad has been working for issues of Punjab and defending the values of Sikhi. The organization has recently worked on SYL Water issue for Punjab Satnam Singh Gambhir is current president of All India
All India Sikh Students Federation
18641851
Nayagaon, Punjab 'Naya Gaon(Nawa Graon)'is a small town and a Municipal council, formerly [Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Committee )] in the Majri Sub-Tehsil and Kharar Tehsil of District S.A.S. Nagar of Punjab State of India. Union territory of Chandigarh borders Naya Gaon on two sides. It was founded in Circa 1783 as a small settlement by the battle fatigued Sikh soldiers on the way to Sri Anandpur Saheb while coming from Delhi after the conquest of Delhi Sultanate by the Sikhs, as a large section of the Sikh forces had decided to celebrate 'Hola Mahala' at Anandpur Saheb. The first
Nayagaon, Punjab
15616563
Labana Sikh Labana Sikh is a sub-group of the Sikh ethnoreligious group from the Indian subcontinent. In past, Sikh Labanas engaged in traditional profession of transportation but now they are mostly agriculturists and landholding community in punjab. The small population of Labanas resides in Punjab Region. Labana is also written as Lobana, Lubana, Lavana. According to Gurmat Prakash, published by SGPC, Lobana means the one who wears iron dress, i.e. military dress. People from this community served in the army of Sikh Gurus army. According to George Armand Furse, "The Jut and Lobana castes of Sikhs possess in a high
Labana Sikh
19909993
its Mughal-era monuments, Naveen Mosque is believed to have been built in 1460 C.E. by the Lodi dynasty under the rule of its first king, Bahlul Lodi. The dynasty was founded in Multan in Pakistan's Punjab province, though the founders were of Pashtun extraction. The mosque is believed to have been built by Zulfiqar Khan, who served under Lahore's governor, Haybat Khan. Unlike the Badshahi Mosque, Sunehri Mosque, and Mariyam Zamani Mosque which were desecrated under Sikh rule, Neevin Mosque remained unmolested by Sikh authorities. It also was not greatly altered in appearance under Sikh and British rule, although its
Neevin Mosque
15616564
degree the useful knowledge of the lading and care of beasts of burden". Labana Sikh Labana Sikh is a sub-group of the Sikh ethnoreligious group from the Indian subcontinent. In past, Sikh Labanas engaged in traditional profession of transportation but now they are mostly agriculturists and landholding community in punjab. The small population of Labanas resides in Punjab Region. Labana is also written as Lobana, Lubana, Lavana. According to Gurmat Prakash, published by SGPC, Lobana means the one who wears iron dress, i.e. military dress. People from this community served in the army of Sikh Gurus army. According to George
Labana Sikh
13657026
between the Sikhs and the Afghans in later years. In 1813, the Sikh Empire wrested the Attock Fort from the Kingdom of Afghanistan in the Battle of Attock and Nawab of Punjab through "Treaty of Misls". Attock fort had secured the passage of the Afghans to-and-from Kashmir. In 1833, Hari Singh Nalwa, the Commander-in-Chief of the Sikh Empire's army along its border with the Kingdom of Kabul, strengthened Akbar's fort of Attock by building the very high and massy bastions at each of its gates. As a result of the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846), the Fort was surrendered to the
Attock Khurd
16221651
Forum, and Naga’s based in the UK, who are being supported by the wider Christian Community. The event is supported by Sikh Federation, British Sikh Council, Council of Khalistan (UK), Dal Khalsa UK, SAD (Amritsar UK) and SAD (Panch Pardhani UK) to extend their support to this Lobby.[5] British Sikh Student Federation The British Sikh Student Federation (B.S.S.F) is student body registered with the National Union of Students based in the United Kingdom, formed in late 2008 it is now one of the leading Sikh student groups in the United Kingdom. BSSF has held a number of Youth Kirtan Darbars
British Sikh Student Federation
19650082
Afghanistan as "an extensive country of Asia" which "formerly included... a considerable part of the Punjab." In the 19th century, the Sikh Empire originating in Punjab made a series of incursions towards the Afghan frontiers, capturing large swathes of territories to the Khyber Pass. Afghan Sikh history is considered to stretch back 200 to 500 years. Not all Sikhs are of Punjabi origin however; a small minority include locals whose ancestors adopted Sikhism during Guru Nanak's 15th century expeditions to Kabul. In the 18th century, Hindu Khatri merchants from Punjab settled in Afghanistan and dominated regional trade. The Sikh and
Punjabis in Afghanistan
10073037
president of SSF. Shaheed Dr Gurnam Singh Buttar MBBS, become the convener of Sikh Student Federation, when Manjit Singh and other mislead movement. Panthic committee made his appointment, his work was so much appreciated all over Punjab, he was such a humble person who led the guerrilla movement, travelling on his bicycle. Shaheed Dr Gurnam Singh Buttar of Sikh Students Federation was one of many brave Sikhs who gave up their well paid Government jobs in protest of Operation Bluestar and the atrocities being carried out on Sikhs all over Hindustan. On 23 December, at the Shaheedi Jorh Mela at
All India Sikh Students Federation
7944217
the United States. All that changed when in June 1984 the Indian Army launched a military operation in Sikhism's holiest shrine, the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar. The objective was to destroy the Sikh militants that were demanding more political autonomy for Punjab and the Sikhs and had turned portions of the temple complex into fortified positions in expectations of an attack. Large scale mayhem resulted and Indira Gandhi also ordered the army to storm tens of other gurdwaras throughout Punjab. All of Punjab was put under martial law and all communications were cut off. Thousands of Sikhs were
Gurmit Singh Aulakh
2316893
(banned in Europe and the United States as a proscribed terrorist group) and other related groups who were at the time agitating for a separate Sikh state called Khalistan in Punjab, India. On 17 August 1985, Reyat became a third suspect once the receipt for the tuner was found with his name. On 6 November 1985, the RCMP raided the homes of suspected Sikh separatists Parmar, Reyat, Gill and Johal. In a 4-1/2-hour interview, Reyat denied all knowledge of the test blast or even Parmar. After he was told the CSIS had seen both of them, he changed his story
Air India Flight 182
6630547
Battle of Aliwal The Battle of Aliwal was fought on 28 January 1846 between the British and the Sikhs. The British were led by Sir Harry Smith, while the Sikhs were led by Ranjodh Singh Majithia. Britain's victory in the battle is sometimes regarded as the turning point in the First Anglo-Sikh War. The First Anglo-Sikh War began six years after the death of Ranjit Singh, who had established the Sikh Empire in the Punjab. The Punjab became increasingly disordered, while the British increased their military forces on their border with the Punjab. Eventually, the increasingly turbulent Sikh Khalsa Army
Battle of Aliwal
16885354
was a kind of religious center of Sikhism. In 1855 this village was entirely a Sikh village and in the later days of the Sikh rule in the Punjab, this village was the headquarters of Sikh Sardars. There was a Sikh Dharam-shala where all strangers and preachers could come and stay and enlighten the village people who gather every morning and evening to listen to the holy chanting of the Great Gurus’ hymns of Sikh religion. In the early fifties and sixties of the eighteenth century, the dominant personality of this village were sons of the Malik Sardar family. Even
Dera Khalsa
10422468
Sikhism by country Sikhism can be found predominantly in the Punjab region of India but Sikh communities exist on every inhabited continent, with the largest emigrant population being in Canada and United Kingdom. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them living in the Indian state of Punjab. The figures on this list are either based on each of the country's respective censuses or are calculated by specific organisations. Some of these figures are rounded off. In case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included. These percentages
Sikhism by country
18127181
Sikhism in Norway In Norway, Sikhism has approximately 3,500 adherents, mostly living in Oslo, which has two gurdwaras, the Sikh place of worship. Sikhs first came to Norway in the early 1970s. In 1969, the first Sikh who arrived in and settled in Norway was Amarjit Singh Kamboj. Sikhs and other work-related immigrants from India to Norway founded The Indian Welfare Society of Norway (IWS) in 1971. The troubles in Punjab after Operation Blue Star and riots committed against Sikhs in India after the assassination of Indira Gandhi led to an increase in Sikh refugees moving to Norway and other
Sikhism in Norway
20380478
Warraich Warraich () are found in Pakistan and India. In Pakistan, Warraich are considered as a clan of Jat Muslims. While in India they are a higher level-caste of Sikh Jats. The people of Warraich family live in Pakistani Punjab and also in Indian Punjab. They are mostly large scale landowners and assimilated with Rajputs & Other Higher casts in Northern Western Punjab territory. Warraichs in Pakistani Punjab are all converted from Hindu Sikh to Muslim while Warraichs of Indian Punjab and Haryana are Sikhs and Hindus. In Pakistan, Warraich are mostly found in the districts of Gujrat and Gujranwala.
Warraich
20316500
or convent. The phenomenon of Dera, as sectarian institution, is not new in Punjab and it is much older than the Sikh faith and Panth. Deras in Punjab, before the Sikh faith, belonged to Sufi Pirs, Yogi Naths, and Sants of Bhakti movement. In Punjab, the popularity of Sufi Pirs/Sants or their Shrines can be seen through their veneration across the communities such as Hindu, Sikh and Muslim. Shrines of Sufis were known as khanqahs. The major function of khanqah was to provide relief to people of all communities, particularly the lower strata of different communities. Several khanqahs were built
Dera (organization)
19904442
in Punjab, Pakistan: Kashmiris of Punjab The Kashmiris of Punjab are ethnic Kashmiris who have historically migrated from the Kashmir Valley and settled in the Punjab region. Many ethnic Kashmiri Muslims from the Kashmir Valley had migrated to the Punjab region during Dogra and Sikh rule. Heavy taxes under the Sikh rule, coupled with famine and starvation, caused many Kashmiri peasants to migrate to the plains of Punjab. These claims, made in Kashmiri histories, were corroborated by European travelers. When one such European traveller, Moorcroft, left the Valley in 1823, about 500 emigrants accompanied him across the Pir Panjal Pass.
Kashmiris of Punjab
7275562
number of Yogi Brahmins (Also called Rudraja Brahmins/ Yogi Nath - who used surnames like Debnath, Debsharma, Nath, Ghoshal and Bhowmick) who have taken their name from this saint. According to Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, a professor of Sikh Studies, Gorakhnath orders in Punjab were operating free community kitchens in Punjab when Guru Nanak founded Sikhism. Gorakhnath shrines have continued to operate a langar and provide a free meal to pilgrims who visit. Romola Butalia, an Indian writer of Yoga history, lists the works attributed to Gorakhnath as follows: "Guru Gorakhnath is thought to have authored several books including the Goraksha
Gorakhnath
19904436
Kashmiris of Punjab The Kashmiris of Punjab are ethnic Kashmiris who have historically migrated from the Kashmir Valley and settled in the Punjab region. Many ethnic Kashmiri Muslims from the Kashmir Valley had migrated to the Punjab region during Dogra and Sikh rule. Heavy taxes under the Sikh rule, coupled with famine and starvation, caused many Kashmiri peasants to migrate to the plains of Punjab. These claims, made in Kashmiri histories, were corroborated by European travelers. When one such European traveller, Moorcroft, left the Valley in 1823, about 500 emigrants accompanied him across the Pir Panjal Pass. The 1833 famine
Kashmiris of Punjab
6636016
Battle of Mudki The Battle of Mudki was fought on 18 December 1845, between the forces of the East India Company and part of the Sikh Khalsa Army, the army of the Sikh Empire of the Punjab. The British army won an untidy encounter battle, suffering heavy casualties. The Sikh Empire of the Punjab had been held together by Maharajah Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh had maintained a policy of friendship with the British East India Company, who held territories adjoining the Punjab, while at the same time building up the Khalsa, to deter aggression. When he died in 1839, the
Battle of Mudki
2972299
death in 1839. The kingdom had then fallen into disorder, with court factions and the Khalsa (the Sikh army) contending for power at the Lahore Durbar (court). After two Anglo-Sikh Wars, the entire region was annexed by the East India Company in 1849. In 1857, the region still contained the highest numbers of both European and Indian troops. The inhabitants of the Punjab were not as sympathetic to the sepoys as they were elsewhere in India, which limited many of the outbreaks in the Punjab to disjointed uprisings by regiments of sepoys isolated from each other. In some garrisons, notably
Indian Rebellion of 1857
5860227
executed after refusing to convert to Islam. The formal start of the Sikh Empire began with the merger of these "Misls" by the time of coronation of Ranjit Singh in 1801, creating a unified political state. All the Misl leaders, who were affiliated with the army, were the nobility with usually long and prestigious family backgrounds in Sikh history. The main geographical footprint of the empire was from the Punjab region to Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, Sindh in the south, and Tibet in the east. The religious demography of the Sikh Empire was Muslim
Sikh Empire
5153372
in widespread anti-Sikh riots, especially in New Delhi. Following Operation Black Thunder in 1988, Punjab Police, first under Julio Ribeiro and then under KPS Gill, together with the Indian Army, eventually succeeded in pushing the movement underground. In 1985, Sikh terrorists bombed an Air India flight from Canada to India, killing all 329 people on board Air India Flight 182. It was one of the worst terrorist act in Canada's history. The ending of Sikh militancy and the desire for a Khalistan catalysed when the then-Prime Minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto, handed all intelligence material concerning Punjab militancy to the
Terrorism in India
5422383
Ghadar Party The Ghadar Party () was an Indian revolutionary organisation primarily founded by Punjabis. The party was multi-ethnic and had Sikh, Hindu and Muslim leaders. The party was headquartered in San Francisco, United States. Key members included Bhai Parmanand, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Bhagwan Singh Gyanee,Har Dayal, Mohammad Iqbal Shedai, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, Sulaman Choudhary, Aamir Choudhary, Rashbehari Bose and Gulab Kaur. After the outbreak of World War I, Ghadar party members returned to Punjab to agitate for rebellion alongside the Babbar Akali Movement. In 1915 they conducted revolutionary activities in central Punjab and organised uprisings.
Ghadar Party
4398419
1808, Ranjit Singh annexed Jammu state, which was already a tributary since 1780, and in 1820 awarded Jammu to his commander Gulab Singh who hailed from Jammu and was under the service of Ranjit Singh for the past eight years. Between 1831–39 Ranjit Singh bestowed on Gulab Singh the royalty of the salt mines in northern Punjab, and the northern Punjab towns including Bhera, Jhelum, Rohtas, Mirpur and Gujrat. Gulab Singh kept on expanding his kingdom and in 1840 Baltistan was made subject to Jammu and Gilgit fell to a Sikh force from Kashmir in 1842. The state of Kashmir
Mirpur, Pakistan
13855952
Bhat Vahis Bhat Vahis were scrolls or records maintained by Bhatts also known as Bhatra. The majority of Bhat Sikhs originate from Punjab and were amongst the first followers of Guru Nanak. Bhat tradition and Sikh text states their ancestors came from Punjab, where the Raja Shivnabh and his kingdom became the original 16th century followers of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. The Raja's grandson Prince Baba Changa earned the title ‘Bhat Rai’ – the ‘Raja of Poets, and then settled himself and his followers all over India as missionaries to spread the word of Guru Nanak, where many
Bhat Vahis
14941053
Sikh period in Lahore The Sikh Rule in Lahore initiated from the invasion and rule of the Sikh Misls and extended till the Sikh Empire of Ranjit Singh" (also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, and Sarkar Khālsā Rāj)" which ended in 1849. The Sikhs began gaining power following the decline of the Mughal Empire in Punjab and consisted of a collection of autonomous Punjabi Misls, which were governed by Misldars, mainly in the Punjab region. Early in Aurangzeb's reign, various insurgent groups of Sikhs engaged Mughal troops in increasingly bloody battles. In 1670, the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh
Sikh period in Lahore
9971719
Bakshi Bakshi is caste, surname and an honorific given name or title. This is another variant spelling of Bakhshi, Bekhechi and Bekhchi (French), and Bacci (Turkish). Bakshi is Bengali, Hindi-Belt, Kashmiri and Punjabi surname in India. Bakshi is also a Bengali Brahmin surname. People with the surname Bakshi: Another variation of the surname Bakshi is its Bengali version 'Bagchi'. Bakshis in Kashmir are Brahmins who were senior administrators in the kingdom. Many migrated from Kashmir to parts of Punjab and Delhi. Bakshis should not confused with Kashmiri Pandits. The surname Bakshi is found among Jatt Sikh in Punjab. It is
Bakshi