what kind of government system does the united states have
federal republic
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Politics of the United States The United States is a federal republic in which the President, Congress and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government, according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. The executive branch is headed by the President and is formally independent of both the legislature and the judiciary. The cabinet serves as a set of advisers to the President. They include the Vice President and heads of the executive departments. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial
Politics of the United States
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the shadow banking system as the "core of what happened" to cause the crisis. "As the shadow banking system expanded to rival or even surpass conventional banking in importance, politicians and government officials should have realized that they were re-creating the kind of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible—and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial safety net to cover these new institutions. Influential figures should have proclaimed a simple rule: anything that does what a bank does, anything that has to be rescued in crises the way banks are, should be regulated like a
Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis
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to self-reinforcing asset price and credit cycles." Nobel laureate economist Paul Krugman described the run on the shadow banking system as the "core of what happened" to cause the crisis. As the shadow banking system expanded to rival or even surpass conventional banking in importance, politicians and government officials should have realized that they were re-creating the kind of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible – and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial safety net to cover these new institutions. Influential figures should have proclaimed a simple rule: anything that does what a bank
Subprime mortgage crisis
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the first comprehensive monitoring and reporting system for enforcing compliance among those groups using child soldiers in armed conflict. Two separate issues to be determined in evaluating the category "unlawful combatant" as applied by the government of the United States. One issue is whether such a category "could" exist without violating the Geneva Conventions, and if such a category does exist, what steps the United States executive branch needs to take to comply with municipal laws as interpreted by the judicial branch of the United States government. The term "unlawful combatant" has been used for the past century in legal
Unlawful combatant
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continental 48 states and Alaska, the Akaka Bill does not require any of the same requirements for tribal recognition. The Bureau of Indian Affairs requires the satisfaction of 7 criteria before recognizing a tribe, none of which are present in the Akaka Bill. They are: The current version of the bill provides for negotiations between the United States and the proposed new Hawaiian government. The bill provides for the new Hawaiian government to negotiate for land, rights, and resources, however, the bill does not indicate what the Federal government will be negotiating for, that is what it is Hawaiians have
Akaka Bill
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the United States". In its review, "Rolling Stone" noted that while this album held many of the same features as the former, it "does not quite match the excitement or subtlety" and did demonstrate limitations within the emerging genre. In spite of that and what "Rolling Stone" termed a "regrettable" reduction of the steel guitar of Demola Adepoju, the critic noted that "there are few bands that can play with this kind of emotion and sensitivity, and that alone makes "Synchro System" a worthwhile, though not indispensable, sampling of some of the world's most captivating music". The review at "AllMusic"
Syncro System
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Organized incorporated territories of the United States Organized incorporated territories are territories of the United States that are both incorporated (part of the United States proper) and organized (having an organized government authorized by an Organic Act passed by the U.S. Congress, usually consisting of a territorial legislature, territorial governor, and a basic judicial system). There have been no such territories since Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states in 1959. Through most of U.S. history, regions that were admitted as U.S. states were, prior to admission, territories or parts of territories of this kind. As the United States grew,
Organized incorporated territories of the United States
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because we have set a new policy of preventive war in this country, and I think that was the wrong thing to do because sooner or later we're going to see another country copy the United States, and sooner or later we're going to have to deal with the fact that there may well be a Shia fundamentalist regime set up in Iraq which will be a greater danger to the United States than Iraq is. During the first Presidential debate of 2004, George W. Bush repeatedly rebuked John Kerry for using Bradley's saying, asking, "what kind of message does
The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy
9099343
disclose what effect the statute was designed to have on the problem before us, or that it even was in mind. Under these circumstances, no conclusion can be above challenge, but if we misinterpret the Act, at least Congress possesses a ready remedy. We do not overlook considerations persuasive of liability in these cases. The Act does confer district court jurisdiction generally over claims for money damages against the United States founded on negligence. It does contemplate that the Government will sometimes respond for negligence of military personnel, for it defines "employee of the Government" to include "members of the
Feres v. United States
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States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held that "[p]rolonged surveillance reveals types of information not revealed by short-term surveillance, such as what a person does repeatedly, what he does not do, and what he does ensemble." (The Supreme Court later affirmed "Maynard" on narrower grounds in "United States v. Jones", 565 U.S. ___ (2012).) Third, it held that users do not voluntarily convey cell site information to their mobile providers. The government argued that cell site information is not entitled to Fourth Amendment protections, citing Supreme Court cases holding that law enforcement does not need a
In re Application of the United States for Historical Cell Site Data
9485575
iPhone's firmware with a slightly modified version that does not enforce the signature check. Doing so may be a circumvention of Apple's technical protection measures. Apple, in a statement to the United States Copyright Office in response to Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) lobbying for a DMCA exception for this kind of hacking, claimed that jailbreaking the iPhone would be copyright infringement due to the necessary modification of system software. However, in 2010, Jailbreaking was declared officially legal in the United States by the DMCA. Jailbroken iPhones may be susceptible to computer viruses, but few such incidents have been reported. iOS
IPhone
10147223
Schools who use this kind of system. The early foundations of what we know today as Pampanga High School were initially laid out in July 1901 when first American civil governor Howard H. Taft succeeded Major General Arthur MacArthur as American Chief Executive in the Philippines . Governor Taft, who became the 27th president of the United States of America in 1909-1913, fully established a civilian government in the Philippines to replace the military rule of his predecessors. One of the four executive departments of the central government, the Department of Public Instruction under the administration of Honorable Bernard Moses,
Pampanga High School
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mandatory two-year core curricula in the humanities for their students. The 1980 United States Rockefeller Commission on the Humanities described the humanities in its report, "The Humanities in American Life": Through the humanities we reflect on the fundamental question: What does it mean to be human? The humanities offer clues but never a complete answer. They reveal how people have tried to make moral, spiritual, and intellectual sense of a world in which irrationality, despair, loneliness, and death are as conspicuous as birth, friendship, hope, and reason. The very concept of the ‘humanities’ as a class or kind, distinct from
Humanities in the United States
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economic system and cripple the government so that it does not have the resources to continue its nuclear program. When, in 2005, the United States placed sanctions on Banco Delta Asia, a banking system suspected of laundering for North Korea, other banks pulled back and refused business with Banco Delta Asia based on world opinion. These actions taken by the United Nations and United States represent their attempts to turn the financial system of the world into a weapon to be used against the DPRK so that physical violence is not necessary. There is some discussion on the effectiveness of
Weaponization of finance
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politicians and government officials should have realized that they were re-creating the kind of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible – and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial safety net to cover these new institutions. Influential figures should have proclaimed a simple rule: anything that does what a bank does, anything that has to be rescued in crises the way banks are, should be regulated like a bank." He referred to this lack of controls as "malign neglect." Critics of government policy argued that government lending programs were the main cause of the crisis.
Causes of the Great Recession
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You have two cows "You have two cows" is a form of political satire on various political, economic, etc. systems. The setup of a typical joke of this kind is the assumption that you live within a given system and you have two cows. The punch line is what happens to you and the cows in this system. Jokes of this type attracted the attention of a scholar in the USA as early as 1944. An article in "The Modern Language Journal" lists the following classical ones: Bill Sherk mentions that such lists circulated throughout the United States since around
You have two cows
2050180
to give the system all the information they have. The public law does not include any kind of control mechanisms or ways to prevent abuses. As such, all information on Romanian and foreign citizens that the state has (such as dates of entering/exiting the country, what car one owns, what phone numbers or phone metadata or what taxes you paid) is fed into the system. The names of the members of the Integrated Information System council and its headquarters are a state secret. Civil rights NGO APADOR-CH (Human Rights Defense Association of Romania) contested in justice the way it worked,
Romanian Intelligence Service
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Congo colony to the closure of the coal mines. In the theatre production Marc Dutroux functions as a kind of collective symbol for Belgium, as a black hole. With "Five Easy Pieces" Milo Rau fictionalizes the Dutroux affair with the aim of telling something that exceeds the case. According to his own word, Marc Dutroux is a pretext for him to talk "about a government that does not function and about to what extent people have been disconnected from the political system." The Dutroux affair serves as an allegory about how we experience the world and think about it, and
Five Easy Pieces (Milo Rau)
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from federal income and payroll taxes distorts the health care market. The U.S. government, unlike some other countries, does not treat employer funded health care benefits as a taxable benefit in kind to the employee. The value of the lost tax revenue from a benefits in kind tax is an estimated $150 billion a year. Some regard this as being disadvantageous to people who have to buy insurance in the individual market which must be paid from income received after tax. Health insurance benefits are an attractive way for employers to increase the salary of employees as they are nontaxable.
Health care finance in the United States
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States, the pattern most characteristic of Southern American English does not employ raising at all, but rather what has been called the "Southern drawl": becomes in essence a triphthong . However, many speakers from the South do still have the nasal -raising system described above, particularly in Charleston, Atlanta, and Florida; and certain speakers from the New Orleans area have been reported to have a system very similar to the phonemic split of New York. For speakers in much of Canada and in the North-Central and Northwestern United States, a following (as in "magazine", "rag", "bags", etc.) or (as in
/æ/ raising
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is being seen and what the rest of the body perceives. When the vestibular system, the body's internal balancing system, does not experience the motion that it expects from visual input through the eyes, the user may experience VR sickness. This can also happen if the VR system does not have a high enough frame rate, or if there is a lag between the body's movement and the onscreen visual reaction to it. Because approximately 25–40% of people experience some kind of VR sickness when using VR machines, companies are actively looking for ways to reduce VR sickness. The persistent
Virtual reality
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Wild river A wild river (United States, Australia, & New Zealand) or heritage river (Canada) is a :river or a river system designated by a government to be protected and kept "relatively untouched by development and are therefore in near natural condition, with all, or almost all, of their natural values intact." Within some nation states including in the United States of America, Canada, New Zealand, and the Commonwealth of Australia, governments have opted to focus on rivers and river systems as a kind of "unmodified or slightly modified" landscape feature to protect, manage and preserve in near 'natural' condition
Wild river
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higher use of stingrays. According a member of the Baltimore Police Department, the agency used stingrays 4,300 times since 2007. The official position of the US Federal government is that the use of Stingrays does not require a probable cause warrant, because they claim Stingrays are a kind of pen register tap, which do not require a warrant, as decided in Smith v. Maryland. The government notes that they do not intercept the actual conversation, only tracking identity of the phone and its location. The devices do have the technical capability to record the content of calls, so the government
Stingray use in United States law enforcement
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90,000 truck drivers in the United States for the next 10 years. In order to improve upon the shortage, full scholarships are being awarded to military veterans at CDL-A schools and truck driving companies. In the United Kingdom the PCV Licence (PCV stands for Passenger Carrying Vehicle) enables the holder to drive buses and/or minibuses, subject to what kind of Practical Driving Test the licence holder passes. All places in Australia have a mostly similar driver licence system, although some things can change in each state or territory (e.g. what classes of license are available). GVM is the maximum recommended
Commercial driver's license
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the name of "moral crimes", by the Afghan judicial system. Amnesty International wanted the release of documentary to bring to light one of Afghanistan's most shameful judicial practices. Gulnaz's case not only attracted international attention, but also posed primitive questions about the veracity of governance in Afghanistan. Speaking to the BBC correspondent Caroline Wyatt, Gulnaz said, "I don't want to have anything to do with Afghanistan government again, because they put innocent people in prison. What kind of government is this? What kind of Afghanistan is this? My attacker committed a crime, and they arrested me!" Speaking to BBC correspondent
Gulnaz (Afghan)
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the title "town" and are usually referred to by residents as "towns", but the Massachusetts Secretary of State's Office considers all eleven to be legally cities. Other sources within state government often refer to all eleven municipalities as towns, however. Massachusetts seems to be the only New England state where this type of issue has arisen, even though other New England states also have municipalities which have adopted what amount to city forms of government but continue to call themselves "towns". In the other states, it does not appear that any need to officially label such municipalities as "cities" has
Historical United States Census totals for Worcester County, Massachusetts
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the title "town" and are usually referred to by residents as "towns", but the Massachusetts Secretary of State's Office considers all eleven to be legally cities. Other sources within state government often refer to all eleven municipalities as towns, however. Massachusetts seems to be the only New England state where this type of issue has arisen, even though other New England states also have municipalities which have adopted what amount to city forms of government but continue to call themselves "towns". In the other states, it does not appear that any need to officially label such municipalities as "cities" has
Historical United States Census totals for Middlesex County, Massachusetts
461318
hybrid system (like South Africa) as their form of government. The Westminster system of government is often contrasted with the presidential system that originated in the United States, or with the semi-presidential system, based on the government of France. A Westminster system of government may include some of the following features: Most of the procedures of the Westminster system originated with the conventions, practices, and precedents of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which form a part of what is known as the Constitution of the United Kingdom. Unlike the uncodified British constitution, most countries that use the Westminster system
Westminster system
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not explicit in the American Constitution, believing instead that such separation is a creation of what it claims are activist judges in the judicial system. In the United States, the Christian right often supports their claims by asserting that the country was "founded by Christians as a Christian Nation." Members of the Christian right take the position that the Establishment Clause bars the federal government from establishing or sponsoring a state church (e.g., the Church of England), but does not prevent the government from acknowledging religion. The Christian right points out that the term "separation of church and state" is
Christian right
6179078
François Velde wrote an "order of knighthood is legitimate if it is defined as legal, recognized and acknowledged as such by a sovereign authority. Within its borders, a sovereign state does as it pleases. Most, if not all, modern states have honorific orders and decorations of some kind, and those are sometimes called orders of knighthood." Exactly what makes one order legitimate and another self-styled or false is a matter of debate with some arguing that any monarch (reigning or not) or even the descendants of such can create an order while others assert that only a government with actual
Order of chivalry
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left politics and discussing the disastrous war in Iraq, why he sees our two-party system as corrupt, and what Fidel Castro told him about who was really behind the assassination of President Kennedy." "American Conspiracies" is a book Ventura wrote with Dick Russell, published by Skyhorse Publishing in 2010 which discusses conspiracy theories related to several notable events in United States history. "63 Documents the Government Doesn't Want You to Read" was written by Ventura with Dick Russell and published in 2011. The book describes documents that Ventura claims the government does not want the public to be informed of,
Jesse Ventura
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the name of what was to be called the Public Television Act, and last-minute changes were subsequently made to the bill (with references incorporating radio into the bill being re-added with Scotch Tape) before the law was passed by Congress and signed by Johnson. In the United States, other than a few direct services, public broadcasting is almost entirely decentralized and is not operated by the government, but does receive some government support. The U.S. public broadcasting system differs from such systems in other countries, in that the principal public television and radio broadcasters – the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
Public broadcasting
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is "A state "lacking any significant soft power."" Similarly, The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations, defines the pariah states as "international States/actors which, by virtue of their political systems, ideological postures, leadership or general behavior, "suffer from diplomatic isolation and widespread global moral opprobrium"." This definition, as the previous one, does not indicate what kind of political system, ideological posture, leadership or general behavior, is ascribed to the pariah state by the other nations. The second type of definitions is most simply exemplified by Weiss's definition, according to which pariah states are "states that "violate international norms."" Similarly, Harkavy offers,
Pariah state
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his office. The American authorities worried that the Samoans were in effect reviving a monarchy or native kingship under their jurisdiction and the ramification it would have on Samoan nationalism. Kellogg also argued that the idea was incompatible with the Constitution of the United States and Young was forbidden to keep the title or return to the island of Ta‘ū. These actions led to native protests in Manu'a. Young also received a letter from the President of the United States concurring with Kellogg's decision ending the succession of the title and stating that the United States' "system of government does
Chris Taliutafa Young
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plaintiffs and ordered the government to destroy any of their records that have been gathered. The court stayed the ruling pending a government appeal, recognizing the "significant national security interests at stake in this case and the novelty of the constitutional issues". However, in "ACLU v. Clapper", a United States district court ruled that the U.S. government's global telephone data-gathering system is needed to thwart potential terrorist attacks, and that it can only work if everyone's calls are included. The court also ruled that Congress legally set up the program and that it does not violate anyone's constitutional rights. The
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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TV exposure and other sources of increased revenue during the 20th century, team owners have no incentive to risk giving up this annual income in favor of establishing an "open shop system" where they could be relegated to a lower league that does not generate that kind of lucrative money. There has been discussion of Major League Soccer adopting promotion and relegation, but MLS is currently not pursuing the option, based on team control on TV rights. Six current MLS teams—Seattle Sounders FC, Portland Timbers, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Montreal Impact, Orlando City SC, and Minnesota United FC—plus upcoming FC Cincinnati
Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada
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Federal Statistical System of the United States The Federal Statistical System of the United States is the decentralized network of federal agencies which produce data about the people, economy, natural resources, and infrastructure of the United States. In contrast to many other countries, the United States does not have a primary statistical agency. Examples of countries that have centralized statistical agencies include Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), Canada (Statistics Canada), Jamaica (Statistical Institute of Jamaica) and Sweden (Statistics Sweden). Instead, the statistical system is decentralized, with 13 statistical agencies, two of which are independent agencies and the remaining 11 generally
Federal Statistical System of the United States
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of Commerce included placing several statistical agencies under one umbrella. Federal Statistical System of the United States The Federal Statistical System of the United States is the decentralized network of federal agencies which produce data about the people, economy, natural resources, and infrastructure of the United States. In contrast to many other countries, the United States does not have a primary statistical agency. Examples of countries that have centralized statistical agencies include Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics), Canada (Statistics Canada), Jamaica (Statistical Institute of Jamaica) and Sweden (Statistics Sweden). Instead, the statistical system is decentralized, with 13 statistical agencies, two
Federal Statistical System of the United States
14412084
government of the United States does not accredit medical schools, but it recognizes private accrediting organizations, such as the LCME, for the purpose of granting Student loans in the United States. However, State governments of the United States recognize accreditors for licensure purposes. The Federal government of the United States recognizes Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York as an accreditor. The New York State Regents has chartered IAOMC as an international medical school accrediting organization. New York Constitution has created what is in effect a fourth branch of government, consigning education to the New
International Association of Medical Colleges
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many legal immigrants with various immigration statuses now are able qualify for affordable health insurance. Undocumented immigrants within the United States do not have access to government funded health insurance. Although The Affordable Care Act allows immigrants to receive insurance at a discounted rate, the same does not go for those without US citizenship. Undocumented immigrants in the US can seek medical help from community centers, or what is termed Safety Net Providers, and participate in fee for service medical assistance, but can only buy health insurance from privatized health insurers. Health care in the United States Health care in
Health care in the United States
4374890
is offering protection from lawsuits in a "mafia-style shakedown". However, the firm's internal research, development, and commercialization activities have softened this image. Following a series of research project announcements by Intellectual Ventures, intellectual property columnist Jack Ellis wrote, "Although licensing is bound to remain a big part of what it does, the more agreements of the kind signed this week IV is involved in, the harder it will be to label as a troll." Intellectual Ventures staff are active in lobbying and testifying in court on United States patent policy. Intellectual Ventures Intellectual Ventures is a private company that centers
Intellectual Ventures
13277143
Federal Chief Information Officer of the United States The Federal Chief Information Officer of the United States, also known as the United States Chief Information Officer, is the administrator of the Office of Electronic Government, which is part of the Office of Management and Budget. The President appoints the Federal CIO. The appointee does not require Senate confirmation. It was created by the E-Government Act of 2002. The US CIO oversees federal technology spending, federal IT policy, and strategic planning of all federal IT investments. The CIO is charged with establishing a government-wide enterprise architecture that ensures system interoperability, information
Federal Chief Information Officer of the United States
15468343
such as CARE, have decided to reduce or forgo monetization in the future. Monetization of food aid is almost solely a practice of the United States and U.S.-based NGOs. The World Food Programme and European donors have discontinued most programs that provide food for monetization, while the United States government requires monetization by law. The Food Security Act of 1985 introduced this requirement by allowing “cooperating sponsors” to cover administrative costs through the sale of United States in-kind food donations. In 1988, Title II PL 480 expanded to cover development projects as well, and non-emergency funding through monetization had a
Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid
67129
shift of supply or demand and application to the labor market. The model was further developed and popularized by Alfred Marshall in the 1890 textbook "Principles of Economics". In a capitalist system, the government does not prohibit private property or prevent individuals from working where they please. The government does not prevent firms from determining what wages they will pay and what prices they will charge for their products. However, many countries have minimum wage laws and minimum safety standards. Under some versions of capitalism, the government carries out a number of economic functions, such as issuing money, supervising public
Capitalism
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allowed period). A peer may also table up to six questions for written answer on any day the House is sitting. The United States, which has a presidential system of government, does not have a question time for the President. However, Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution of the United States states: "[The President] shall from time to time give to Congress information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The exact meaning of this clause has never been worked out fully, although it is the
Question time
5191102
analysis is that it does not account for the externalities or "spill-over" effects of the railroads, which (if included) may have increased his estimate for social savings [definition needed]. Railroads provided much of the demand for the technological advances in a number of areas, including heat dynamics, combustion engineering, thermodynamics, metallurgy, civil engineering, machining, and metal fabrication. Furthermore, Fogel does not discuss the role railroads played in the development of the financial system or in attracting foreign capital, which otherwise might not have been available. Fishlow estimates that the railroad’s social savings—or what he terms "direct benefits"—were higher than those
Rail transportation in the United States
11890699
or documentaries but rather "portraits" of her friends. The three films helped explore Ahwesh's interest in her friends and helped answer the questions of what kind of relationship does one have with a person, what kind of relationship does the camera have with a person, how do you shoot positive and negative space and what is it about people that makes them interesting? Ahwesh was not aware that she had copied the name for the trilogy from another experimental filmmaker, Stan Brakhage. In 1990, she received recognition for her film "The Deadman" (1990) due to her use of 16mm opposed
Peggy Ahwesh
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T-Notes, T-Bonds and TIPS whose interest and principal portions of the security have been separated, or "stripped"; these may then be sold separately (in units of $100 face value) in the secondary market. The name derives from the days before computerization, when paper bonds were physically traded; traders would literally tear the interest coupons off of paper securities for separate resale. The government does not directly issue STRIPS; they are formed by investment banks or brokerage firms, but the government does register STRIPS in its book-entry system. STRIPS must be purchased through a broker, and cannot be purchased from TreasuryDirect.
United States Treasury security
428045
by Electors, under a constitutional grant of authority delegated to the legislatures of the several states. The Constitution reserves the choice of the precise manner for creating Electors to the will of the state legislatures. It does not define or delimit what process a state legislature may use to create its "state" college of Electors. In practice, the state legislatures have generally chosen to create Electors through an indirect popular vote, since the 1820s. Most states have a "winner-take-all" system in which the candidate with the most votes in the state gets all the electoral votes. Maine and Nebraska allow
Article Two of the United States Constitution
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unless specifically exempted by statute. New Jersey does not assess an intangible personal property tax, but it does impose an inheritance tax. New Jersey consistently ranks as having one of the highest proportional levels of disparity of any state in the United States, based upon what it receives from the federal government relative to what it gives. In 2015, WalletHub ranked New Jersey the state least dependent upon federal government aid overall and having the fourth lowest return on taxpayer investment from the federal government, at 48 cents per dollar. New Jersey has one of the highest tax burdens in
New Jersey
6327166
information programmes with its constituents and to a broader audience about UN activities." The official site further explains about associated organizations: "Please note that association of NGOs with DPI does not constitute their incorporation into the United Nations system, nor does it entitle associated organizations or their staff to any kind of privileges, immunities or special status." Jehovah's Witnesses have appealed to the United Nations Human Rights Committee about sanctions against their members' activities. Jehovah's Witnesses and the United Nations Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the League of Nations and the United Nations were set up as a counterfeit of God's
Jehovah's Witnesses and the United Nations
4697098
federalism. Some (beginning with the 1975 Lichtman and Rohrer "A general theory of the counterplan" through Michael Korcok and Paul Strait with Brett Wallance most recently) have argued the kind of fiat involved with these counterplans is inconsistent with the logic of decision making. A plan exclusive counterplan (PEC) does not use the affirmative plan, but still is competitive to the plan. If the affirmative plan uses the United States as an actor, an example of a PEC would be to disband the U.S. Government. This type of counterplan provides very clear competition with the affirmative plan simply because the
Counterplan
13718872
generating capacity of 354 MW, making the system the largest solar plant of any kind in the world. The federal government promotes energy efficiency through the Energy Star program. The Alliance to Save Energy, an industry group, also promotes energy efficiency. Policy for the electricity sector in the United States is set by the executive and legislative bodies of the federal government and state governments. Within the executive branch of the federal government the Department of Energy plays a key role. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency is in charge of environmental regulation and the Federal Trade Commission is in
Electricity sector of the United States
17808065
and being 'endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights' including 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.'" According to the "New York Times", in a review of "What Kind of Nation: Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, and the Epic Struggle to Create a United States": Jefferson's core conviction was that what might be called "the spirit of '76" had repudiated all energetic expressions of government power, most especially power exercised from faraway places, which included London, Philadelphia or Washington. In terms of domestic policy, he believed the states were sovereign and the federal government established by the Constitution was, as
Spirit of '76 (sentiment)
13775907
Tenther movement The Tenther movement is a social movement in the United States, the adherents of which espouse the political ideology that the Federal Government's enumerated powers must be read very narrowly to exclude much of what the Federal Government already does, citing the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in support of this. The text of the amendment reads: Despite the movement's assertions, however, the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the Tenth Amendment such that the Amendment does not require a narrow interpretation of the Federal Government's enumerated powers. The Supreme Court affirmed this view in "United States
Tenther movement
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state and local government assistance programs. Such transfers also include the value of in-kind benefits: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program vouchers (popularly known as food stamps); school lunches and breakfasts; housing assistance; and energy assistance and benefits provided by Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program. While the CBO report does combine transfers to one's income for purposes of calculating Before-Tax Income, it does not net out Government Transfers from one's tax liability for purposes of calculating rates based on Market Income. While presentation of income strata based on Before-Tax Income may be technically correct, there are certain unintuitive outcomes;
Progressivity in United States income tax
8733713
to be the only New England state where this type of issue has arisen, even though other New England states also have municipalities which have adopted what amount to city forms of government but continue to call themselves "towns". In the other states, it does not appear that any need to officially label such municipalities as "cities" has been identified. For purposes of the New England town page and its attendant pages, the ten affected communities which call themselves "towns", including Greenfield, are classified as towns. The reader should be aware, however, that some sources will identify these municipalities as
Historical United States Census totals for Franklin County, Massachusetts
8572390
be the only New England state where this type of issue has arisen, even though other New England states also have municipalities which have adopted what amount to city forms of government but continue to call themselves "towns". In the other states, it does not appear that any need to officially label such municipalities as "cities" has been identified. For purposes of the New England town page and its attendant pages, the ten affected communities which call themselves "towns", including Franklin and Weymouth, are classified as towns. The reader should be aware, however, that some sources will identify these municipalities
Historical United States Census totals for Norfolk County, Massachusetts
8553319
New England state where this type of issue has arisen, even though other New England states also have municipalities which have adopted what amount to city forms of government but continue to call themselves "towns". In the other states, it does not appear that any need to officially label such municipalities as "cities" has been identified. For purposes of the New England town page and its attendant pages, the ten affected communities which call themselves "towns", including Barnstable, are classified as towns. The reader should be aware, however, that some sources will identify these municipalities as cities. Barnstable adopted its
Historical United States Census totals for Barnstable County, Massachusetts
19939882
has proposed what he calls the "strongest ethics reform package in United States history": Painter believes that the United States ought to support the health care system that is the most efficient and comprehensive, which he believes to be a single-payer system. He supports the following: Painter believes in climate science. He rejects the Trump administration's approach to carbon emissions and departure from the Paris Accord. Because he believes human-caused climate change is an existential threat to our continued way of life, Painter wants to make changes in our economy and government to assure we can have a viable world
Richard Painter
4915102
campaign will have to procure this data as well. The United States does not have a federal election agency, and thus has no official national voter list. In 2002, the United States Congress passed the Help America Vote Act (HAVA). HAVA required that each state compile an official state voter database by January 2006. Most states complied with HAVA by gathering the voter files available from each individual county. States decided what information to include, what restrictions to place on the use of their voter database, and how much the database would cost. In the United States, several companies have
Voter database
19625006
elsewhere in Belgium. Furthermore, in Somalia the government ordered "the total closure of all activities" of an organization linked to the Gülen movement, and gave its staff seven days to leave the country. On 2 August 2016, President Erdoğan accused Western countries of "supporting terrorism" and a military coup, saying "I'm calling on the United States: what kind of strategic partners are we, that you can still host someone whose extradition I have asked for?" In a speech on 29 July 2016, President Erdoğan accused U.S. Central Command chief Joseph Votel of "siding with coup plotters"; Erdoğan accused the United
2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
8473908
can have an understanding of the human body. So the argument goes that if one lacked a human body, they could not possibly know what up or down could mean, or how it could relate to emotional states. ‘[I]magine a spherical being living outside of any gravitational field, with no knowledge or imagination of any other kind of experience. What could UP possibly mean to such a being?' While this does not mean that such beings would be incapable of expressing emotions in other words, it does mean that they would express emotions differently from humans. Human concepts of happiness
Embodied cognitive science
12419324
is exposing itself to a strike—100 percent". On August 20, 2008, the "Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Poland Concerning the Deployment of Ground-Based Ballistic Missile Defense Interceptors in the Territory of the Republic of Poland" was signed in Warsaw by US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Poland’s Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski. On November 5, 2008, in his first State of the Nation speech, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev stated, "From what we have seen in recent years—the creation of a missile defense system, the encirclement of Russia with
United States missile defense complex in Poland
15251927
Saeb Erekat as an endorsement of the Israeli claim to Jerusalem and "Greater Israel." The PLO office in Washington DC was headed by the following: Palestine–United States relations The United States of America does not recognize the State of Palestine and therefore officially maintains no diplomatic exchanges nor consular services with Palestine. However, relations between the U.S. government and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), as the U.S.-recognized representative of the Palestinian people, have existed from the 1970s onward. The PLO was represented in Washington by a General Delegation until Oct. 2018. The U.S. government does not have any official representative
Palestine–United States relations
15251900
Palestine–United States relations The United States of America does not recognize the State of Palestine and therefore officially maintains no diplomatic exchanges nor consular services with Palestine. However, relations between the U.S. government and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), as the U.S.-recognized representative of the Palestinian people, have existed from the 1970s onward. The PLO was represented in Washington by a General Delegation until Oct. 2018. The U.S. government does not have any official representative office within Palestinian National Authority areas but has a Consulate General in Jerusalem which handles relations with the Palestinian Authority. At the time the PLO
Palestine–United States relations
1657933
elements of both systems overlap. Though a president in a presidential system does not have to choose a government under the legislature, the legislature may have the right to scrutinize his or her appointments to high governmental office, with the right, on some occasions, to block an appointment. In the United States, many appointments must be confirmed by the Senate, although once confirmed an appointee can only be removed against the president's will through impeachment. By contrast, though answerable "to" parliament, a parliamentary system's cabinet may be able to make use of the parliamentary 'whip' (an obligation on party members
Presidential system
14080102
this means in the propositions which immediately follow. This can be referred to as "Intuition", but it means something rather technical for Spinoza. The third kind of knowledge is a particularly important part of Spinoza's philosophy because it is what he thinks allows us to have adequate knowledge, and therefore know things absolutely truly. As he says: Spinoza's ethical views are deeply tied to his metaphysical system. This is evident from the following claim: It is also apparent from this that he is a kind of subjectivist about moral values. That is, he does not take good and evil to
Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza
8552785
other suspect in the US. The "Los Angeles Times" quoted Benatta: I say to myself from time to time, maybe what happened ... it was some kind of dream. I never believed things like that could happen in the United States. Benetta is living in Toronto while awaiting determination of his refugee claim. In April 2007 he sought an explanation from the Government of Canada about why he was transferred to the United States on September 12, 2001. Michael A. Battle, the prosecutor involved in his incarceration, was since promoted to "Director of the Executive Office for United States Attorneys".
Benamar Benatta
4644687
annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of the Treasury and General Government (includes United States federal courts, the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and Washington, D.C. appropriations). Traditionally, after a federal budget for the upcoming fiscal year has been passed, the appropriations subcommittees receive information about what the budget sets as their spending ceilings. This is called "302(b) allocations" after section 302(b) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. That amount is separated into smaller amounts for each of the twelve Subcommittees. The federal budget does
United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government
17670679
at the federal level in the United States, which the Constitution does not provide for. However, 24 states (principally in the West, but also in Eastern states, such as Massachusetts) and many local and city governments provide for referendums and citizen's initiatives. Such state-level referendums, as an example, have resulted in the limitation of property taxes as with California's Proposition 13 and Massachusetts' Proposition 2½ in the late 20th century. Three nationwide referendums have been held so far in Brazilian history. In 1963, the country had just adopted the parliamentary government system, but in a referendum held in 1963, the
Referendums by country
3443759
is awarded to any member of the U.S. Coast Guard who distinguishes themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the United States Government in a duty of great responsibility. The exceptional performance of duty must be clearly above what is normally expected and must have contributed materially to the success of a major command or project. The decoration is typically awarded to senior flag officers, such as the Commandant of the Coast Guard. However, this does not preclude the award of the medal to any person who meets the eligibility requirements. The bestowing authority of the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal (United States Coast Guard)
15178164
"batch processing" operating system and possibly the first "real" operating system. Rudimentary forms of operating systems existed before batch processing, the Input/Output Control System (IOCS) being one example. However, what specifically differentiated and made the GM-NAA I/O as the first of its kind was that instead of having a human operator manually load each program as what previous systems were only capable of doing, computerized software as used on GM-NAA I/O, thereafter handled the scheduling, management, and multi-tasking of all computer applications. 1956 Fortran 1956 Videotape 1956 Particle storage ring 1957 Skid-steer loader A skid loader or skid steer loader
Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91)
13349137
During the "nuclear weapons" portion of the speech, Obama stated, "In the middle of the Cold War, the United States played a role in the overthrow of a democratically elected Iranian government." It was the first acknowledgement by a U.S. President of the United States government's involvement in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état; although then-Secretary of State Madeleine Albright had acknowledged it as well in a speech in 2000. About democracy, Obama stated that, though "America does not presume to know what is best for everyone", "I do have an unyielding belief that all people yearn for certain things: the
A New Beginning
14633760
advise and share new information. It does not hold any kind of legislative or executive power. In the western hemisphere, many electric utility companies were under oversight from the United States and although the United States has, in the early 21st century, withdrawn from many of these countries. Several major energy utility companies are still under oversight from the United States. Alternative energy promotion Alternative energy has become more and more prevalent in recent times and as it is inherently independent of more traditional sources of energy, the market seems to have a very different structure. In the United States,
Electric utility
15004026
banking system were about $10 trillion." He stated that the "combined effect of these factors was a financial system vulnerable to self-reinforcing asset price and credit cycles." Nobel laureate and liberal political columnist Paul Krugman described the run on the shadow banking system as the "core of what happened" to cause the crisis. "As the shadow banking system expanded to rival or even surpass conventional banking in importance, politicians and government officials should have realized that they were re-creating the kind of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible—and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial
Causes of the Great Recession
9543389
shadow banking system (e.g., investment banks, mortgage companies, money market mutual funds, etc.) had grown to rival the traditional, regulated depository banking system but without equivalent safeguards. Nobel laureate Paul Krugman described the run on the shadow banking system as the "core of what happened" to cause the crisis. "As the shadow banking system expanded to rival or even surpass conventional banking in importance, politicians and government officials should have realized that they were re-creating the kind of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible—and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial safety net to cover
Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration
892398
in Southern California (however four boroughs in Alaska are larger in area than San Bernardino). Territories of the United States do not have counties (except for American Samoa, which does have them); instead, the United States Census Bureau divides them into county equivalents. While America Samoa does have its own counties, the U.S. Census Bureau counts American Samoa's districts and atolls as county-equivalents. Counties were among the earliest units of local government established in the Thirteen Colonies that would become the United States. Virginia created the first counties in order to ease the administrative workload in Jamestown. The House of
County (United States)
428149
U.S. states must be grounded in republican principles such as the consent of the governed. By ensuring that all states must have the same basic republican philosophy, the Guarantee Clause is one of several portions of the Constitution which mandates symmetric federalism between the states. The Constitution does not explain what exactly constitutes a republican form of government. There are, however, several places within it where the principles behind the concept are articulated. Article Seven, the last and shortest of the Constitution's original articles, stipulated that the Constitution, before it could become established as the "Law of the Land", must
Article Four of the United States Constitution
150037
satellite)” Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force. It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Obstacles such as mountains and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals. The GPS does not require the user to transmit any data, and it operates independently of any telephonic or internet
Global Positioning System
150030
Global Positioning System The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force. It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Obstacles such as mountains and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals. The GPS does not require the user to transmit any data, and it operates independently of any telephonic or internet reception,
Global Positioning System
18067277
by the United States is not the answer." Meeks also argued that the bill "does not advance U.S. interests, it will not help the people of Venezuela and it sends the message to our regional allies that we don't care much about what they think." Regional groups like UNASUR, the Caribbean Community, and the Organization of American States have all supported the government instead of the protestors. Fourteen House members wrote a letter to President Barack Obama about the bill in which they said "as unilateral U.S. intervention and sanctions have caused deep resentment throughout Latin America, these are not
Venezuelan Human Rights and Democracy Protection Act
6488350
for the United States service academies and staff colleges, the federal government does not directly regulate universities. However it can offer federal grants and any institution that receives federal funds must certify that it has adopted and implemented a drug prevention program that meets federal regulations. Each state supports at least one state university and several support many more. California, for example, has three public higher education systems: the 10-campus University of California, the 23-campus California State University, and the 112-campus California Community Colleges System. Public universities often have a large student body, with introductory classes numbering in the hundreds,
Higher education in the United States
2264865
most native species on the Colorado River Basin are subject to ongoing restoration efforts of some kind. Bass Carp, pike and others Zebra and quagga mussels first appeared in the United States in the 1980s. The mussels were initially brought to the United States through the ballast water of ships entering the Great Lakes. These aquatic invaders soon spread to many bodies of water in the Eastern United States and have even made their way to the western United States. In January 2008, Zebra mussels have been detected in several reservoirs along the Colorado River system such as Lakes Mead,
Lake Powell
8828441
June 2013, US Senator Robert Menendez, chairman of the foreign relations panel, warned Ecuador that accepting PRISM leaker Edward Snowden "would severely jeopardize" preferential trade access the United States provides to Ecuador. "Our government will not reward countries for bad behavior." President Correa responded by offering a multimillion-dollar donation for human rights training in the United States. "Ecuador offers the United States economic aid of US$23 million annually, similar to what we received with the trade benefits, with the intention of providing education about human rights,” said a government spokesman. "Ecuador does not accept pressure or threats from anyone, nor
Rafael Correa
7860406
Movie and Television Review and Classification Board The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (; abbreviated as MTRCB) is a Philippine government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines that is responsible for the classification and review of television programs, movies and home videos. Unlike other organizations worldwide (such as the BBFC), the Board does not rate video games. Thus, the ESRB system used in the United States is the "de facto" rating system used in the Philippines, although there have been attempts at formulating an independent local rating system. Certain video game vendors ask for
Movie and Television Review and Classification Board
19521118
do not grant the government a roving commission to reform the economy at will," the court added. Just because a patentee has granted a potential competitor some licenses does not mean that the patentee must grant additional licenses. Furthermore, the theory that a license lawful in its exception could become unlawful at a later time when the licensee has "flourished under the agreement" is unacceptable because it would "seriously undermine[ ]" the patent system. Thus, "even if it is true that MHI and MELCO would have entered the United States electrical equipment market by designing new products but for their
United States v. Westinghouse Electric Co.
438483
government. Libertarians would phase out the current government-sponsored Social Security system and transition to a private voluntary system. The Libertarians feel that the proper and most effective source of help for the poor is the voluntary efforts of private groups and individuals, believing members of society will become more charitable and civil society will be strengthened as government reduces its activity in that realm. The Libertarian Party supports the legalization of all victimless crimes,<ref name="http://www.lp.org/platform"></ref> including drugs, pornography, prostitution, polygamy, gambling, removal of restrictions on homosexuality, opposes any kind of censorship and supports freedom of speech and supports the right
Libertarian Party (United States)
11647097
main arguments are absolutely correct." In April 2013, NAS released "What Does Bowdoin Teach?: How a Contemporary Liberal Arts College Shapes Students". The 383-page study examined Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, presenting it as representative of trends in college education in the United States. The report tracked how the college's decisions over forty years affected the curriculum, academic requirements, advising, faculty hiring, faculty committees, core values, key terms, campus controversies, residence life, disciplinary codes, student government, clubs, sports, and administrative priorities. The authors criticized Bowdoin for abolishing its core curriculum in 1969 and creating the system that remains in place
National Association of Scholars
6841195
the intelligence community now has sway over what is going on". Tice gave an example in an interview with RT, saying "I noticed that the intelligence community is not being hit with the sequester... Is there some kind of leverage that is being placed on our three branches of government to make sure that the intelligence community gets what they want? In other words, is the intelligence community running this country, not our government." Russ Tice Russell D. Tice (born 1961) is a former intelligence analyst for the United States Air Force, Office of Naval Intelligence, Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA),
Russ Tice
3679934
government. On September 16, 1893, the eastern end of the Cherokee Outlet was settled in the Cherokee Strip land run, the largest land run in the United States and possibly the largest event of its kind in the history of the world. The Cherokee Outlet and the actions of the cattlemen play a prominent role in a portion of the Matt Braun western novel "The Kincades". The names of the characters have been changed, but the basic actions taken are explored. Cherokee Outlet The Cherokee Outlet, or Cherokee Strip, was located in what is now the state of Oklahoma in
Cherokee Outlet
3401931
is why the first constitution of the United States [the Articles of Confederation] (…) does not mention national sovereignty. And, therefore, (…) Article 1 which discusses the nation should not be approved because it is not appropriate in the system we now have. The Acta, unlike the Hispanic constitution, did not grant exclusive or even preponderant sovereignty to the nation, because the states also claimed sovereignty. Accordingly, Article 6 stated: "Its integral parts are independent, free, and sovereign States in that which exclusively concerns their administration and interior government". The issue of sovereignty remained at heart a question of the
1824 Constitution of Mexico
9921207
adversary such as the Chinese government and said, "You have to kind of salute the Chinese for what they did." In August 2015, fifty intelligence analysts working for United States Central Command (CENTCOM) complained to the Pentagon's Inspector General and the media, alleging that CENTCOM's senior leadership was altering or distorting intelligence reports on the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) to paint a more optimistic picture of the ongoing war against ISIL forces in Iraq and Syria. They were subsequently joined by civilian and Defense Intelligence Agency analysts working for CENTCOM. Members of the groups began anonymously
James Clapper
2972937
growth as well but as Roger O'Tool notes they make up 7% of the Canadian population and seem to gain most of their growth from a higher birthrate. What is significant is the higher participation of their members in contrast to Mainline Protestants and Roman Catholics. This high commitment would seem to translate into the kind of political power evangelicals in the United States enjoy but despite Canada's historically Christian background as Lori Beaman notes neatly "...[forming] the backdrop for social process" explicit religiosity appears to have not effectively moved the government towards legal discrimination against gay marriage. Much as
Religion in Canada
484562
who in 1833 secured the Roberts Treaty with Siam. In 1856 negotiations for amendment of this treaty, Townsend Harris stated the position of the United States:The United States does not hold any possessions in the East, nor does it desire any. The form of government forbids the holding of colonies. The United States therefore cannot be an object of jealousy to any Eastern Power. Peaceful commercial relations, which give as well as receive benefits, is what the President wishes to establish with Siam, and such is the object of my mission. From the end of the 1850s onwards, while the
History of Southeast Asia
19807585
Roberts Treaty with Siam. In 1856 negotiations for amendment of this treaty, Townsend Harris stated the position of the United States:The United States does not hold any possessions in the East, nor does it desire any. The form of government forbids the holding of colonies. The United States therefore cannot be an object of jealousy to any Eastern Power. Peaceful commercial relations, which give as well as receive benefits, is what the President wishes to establish with Siam, and such is the object of my mission. The phenomenon denoted New Imperialism, saw the conquest of nearly all Southeast Asian territories
European colonisation of Southeast Asia
2587143
here, which has completely mucked up the system and caused resignation of me and many others 'cause it was this government that introduced the Freedom of Information Act, and it's this government that's insisted for the things which has actually caught me on the wrong foot. Which if I'd been cleverer it wouldn't have done." ""So you don't think any of the information should have ever been released?" ""No! What right does the public have to interfere with my private life? None. Do you know what this remindes me of, this whole episode? An episode from Coronation Street. Do you
Anthony Steen
1533116
the prime minister and government are appointed and as to whether the government needs the explicit approval of the parliament, rather than just the absence of its disapproval. Some countries such as India also require the prime minister to be a member of the legislature, though in other countries this only exists as a convention. Furthermore, there are variations as to what conditions exist (if any) for the government to have the right to dissolve the parliament: The parliamentary system can be contrasted with a presidential system which operates under a stricter separation of powers, whereby the executive does not
Parliamentary system
4634209
always maintain their baseline validations. The Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) is operated jointly by the United States Government's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Computer Security Division and the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) of the Government of Canada. The use of validated cryptographic modules is required by the United States Government for all unclassified uses of cryptography. The Government of Canada also recommends the use of FIPS 140 validated cryptographic modules in unclassified applications of its departments. FIPS 140-2 defines four levels of security, simply named "Level 1" to "Level 4". It does not specify in detail what
FIPS 140
12481970
were about $10 trillion." He stated that the "combined effect of these factors was a financial system vulnerable to self-reinforcing asset price and credit cycles." Nobel laureate economist Paul Krugman described the run on the shadow banking system as the "core of what happened" to cause the crisis. "As the shadow banking system expanded to rival or even surpass conventional banking in importance, politicians and government officials should have realized that they were re-creating the kind of financial vulnerability that made the Great Depression possible—and they should have responded by extending regulations and the financial safety net to cover these
Subprime crisis background information
19515009
Court explained, " regardless of motive, the Sherman Act bars patent exploitation of the kind that was here attempted." The Court emphasized that the "General Electric" case does not authorize organization of an industry–wide cartel: The Court concluded, " By the record now presented, violation of the Sherman Act is clear," reversed the dismissal, and remanded below for completion of the trial. Justice Felix Frankfurter filed a concurring opinion in which he disagreed with the majority's explicit rejection of the lower court's ruling that the Government could not challenge patent validity. He argued that the Court should not opine on
United States v. United States Gypsum Co.