what are the gaits of the tennessee walking horse
a breed of gaited horse
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Tennessee Walking Horse The Tennessee Walking Horse or Tennessee Walker is a breed of gaited horse known for its unique four-beat running-walk and flashy movement. It was originally developed in the southern United States for use on farms and plantations. It is a popular riding horse due to its calm disposition, smooth gaits and sure-footedness. The Tennessee Walking Horse is often seen in the show ring, but is also popular as a pleasure and trail riding horse using both English and Western equipment. Tennessee Walkers are also seen in movies, television shows and other performances. The breed was developed beginning
Tennessee Walking Horse
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Tennessee Walking Horse The Tennessee Walking Horse or Tennessee Walker is a breed of gaited horse known for its unique four-beat running-walk and flashy movement. It was originally developed in the southern United States for use on farms and plantations. It is a popular riding horse due to its calm disposition, smooth gaits and sure-footedness. The Tennessee Walking Horse is often seen in the show ring, but is also popular as a pleasure and trail riding horse using both English and Western equipment. Tennessee Walkers are also seen in movies, television shows and other performances. The breed was developed beginning
Tennessee Walking Horse
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horse shows in which action devices are allowed: the Walking Horse Owners Association (WHOA) and "S.H.O.W." ("Sound horses, Honest judging, Objective inspections, Winning fairly") which regulates the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. The Celebration has been held in Shelbyville, Tennessee, each August since 1939. It is considered the showcase competition for the breed. In the early 21st century, the Celebration has attracted large amounts of attention and controversy due to the concerns about violations of the Horse Protection Act. Tennessee Walking Horse The Tennessee Walking Horse or Tennessee Walker is a breed of gaited horse known for its unique four-beat
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literally, city parks). Today it is seen most often at horse shows organized for exhibitors of the American Saddlebred, Morgan, Arabian, Tennessee Walking Horse, and the National Show Horse. It is also sometimes seen in competition for Andalusian horses. There are open and breed-specific national championships as well as an international championship held every other year. Gaits shown in Saddle Seat classes include the walk, trot, and canter. Some competitions may call for extended gaits, particularly the trot. When showing a Tennessee Walking Horse they will be required to perform a flat walk and running walk. Some class will also
Equitation
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Marshall, he became the foundation sire of the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. A failure as a trotting horse, due to his insistence on pacing, Black Allan was instead used for breeding. From his line, a foal named Roan Allen was born in 1904. Able to perform several ambling gaits, Roan Allen became a successful show horse, and in turn sired several famous Tennessee Walking Horses. The Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' Association was formed in 1935. To reflect interest in showing horses, the name was changed in 1974 to the current Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association (TWHBEA). The stud
Tennessee Walking Horse
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the registry. Foundation stock for the breed included BT Golden Splendor, the first stallion recorded with the registry, and the mare Browntree's Flicka, who was given registration number 1. The desired ambling gaits of the breed are smooth, called the Pleasure Walk and the Merry Walk. Ponies are also able to trot and canter, and have been exhibited in five-gaited competition. The gaitedness ability is hereditary, and promoters of the breed claim that it actually can execute seven gaits, stating that this ability is comparable to the famous Tennessee Walking Horse stallion Roan Allen, though the two additional gaits are
American Walking Pony
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While performing the running walk, the horse nods its head in rhythm with its gait. Besides the flat and running walks, the third main gait performed by Tennessee Walking Horses is the canter. Some members of the breed perform other variations of lateral ambling gaits, including the rack, stepping pace, fox trot and single-foot, which are allowable for pleasure riding but penalized in the show ring. A few Tennessee Walking Horses can trot, and have a long, reaching stride. The Tennessee Walker originated from the cross of Narragansett Pacer and Canadian Pacer horses brought to Kentucky starting in 1790, with
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are the [[Trot (horse gait)|trot]], the [[canter]] and the [[Horse gait#Gallop|gallop]]. Animals may also have unusual gaits that are used occasionally, such as for moving sideways or backwards. For example, the main [[gait (human)|human gaits]] are bipedal [[walking]] and [[running]], but they employ many other gaits occasionally, including a four-legged [[crawling (human)|crawl]] in tight spaces. Mammals show a vast range of [[gait]]s, the order that they place and lift their appendages in locomotion. Gaits can be grouped into categories according to their patterns of support sequence. For quadrupeds, there are three main categories: walking gaits, running gaits and [[leaping gaits]].
Mammal
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Horse Breeders' Association of America was originally formed as a vehicle for the promotion of horses shown without the artificial and extreme devices often seen in Tennessee Walking Horse and other gaited breed showing. However, the Racking Horse is one of the breeds often harmed by the inhumane practice of soring, prohibited at the federal level by the Horse Protection Act of 1970. Soring is an abusive practice used to accentuate the gaits of breeds such as the Tennessee Walking Horse and Racking Horse, in order to gain an unfair advantage in competition. The RHBAA operates in conjunction with a
Racking Horse
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Horse gait Horse gaits are the various ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of specialized training by humans. Gaits are typically categorized into two groups: the "natural" gaits that most horses will use without special training, and the "ambling" gaits that are various smooth-riding four-beat footfall patterns that may appear naturally in some individuals, but which usually occur only in certain breeds. Special training is often required before a horse will perform an ambling gait in response to a rider's command. Another system of classification that applies to quadrupeds uses three categories: walking
Horse gait
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example, horses show four natural gaits, the slowest horse gait is the walk, then there are three faster gaits which, from slowest to fastest, are the trot, the canter, and the gallop. Animals may also have unusual gaits that are used occasionally, such as for moving sideways or backwards. For example, the main human gaits are bipedal walking and running, but they employ many other gaits occasionally, including a four-legged crawl in tight spaces. In walking, and for many animals running, the motion of legs on either side of the body alternates, i.e. is out of phase. Other animals, such
Terrestrial locomotion
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the running walk of the Tennessee Walking Horse. Like all lateral ambling gaits, the footfall pattern is the same as the walk (left hind, left front, right hind, right front), but differs from the walk in that it can be performed at a range of speeds, from the speed of a typical fast walk up to the speed of a normal canter. Some Icelandic horses prefer to tölt, while others prefer to trot; correct training can improve weak gaits, but the tölt is a natural gait present from birth. Two varieties of the tölt are considered incorrect by breeders. The
Ambling gait
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in style within the gait, and thus the tölt is variously compared to similar lateral gaits such as the rack of the Saddlebred, the largo of the Paso Fino, or the running walk of the Tennessee Walking Horse. Like all lateral ambling gaits, the footfall pattern is the same as the walk (left hind, left front, right hind, right front), but differs from the walk in that it can be performed at a range of speeds, from the speed of a typical fast walk up to the speed of a normal canter. Some Icelandic horses prefer to tölt, while others
Icelandic horse
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pace or amble. In the Americas, ambling horses continued to be bred, both in the southern United States and in Latin America. The smooth ambling gaits today have many names, including the single-foot, the stepping pace, the tolt, the rack, the paso corto, and the fox trot (see "ambling"). There are still many ambling breeds, particularly in North America where today they are referred to as gaited horses. Some of these breeds include the Missouri Fox Trotter, Tennessee Walking Horse, Icelandic horse and a sub-group within the American Saddlebred. The Paso Fino and the Peruvian Paso, breeds developed in Latin
Palfrey
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English tack. At shows where both divisions are offered, the flat-shod "plantation pleasure" division is judged on brilliance and show presence of the horses while still being well mannered, balanced, and manageable. "Park pleasure" is the most animated of the flat-shod divisions. Flat-shod horses are shown in ordinary horseshoes, and are not allowed to use pads or action devices, though their hooves are sometimes trimmed to a slightly lower angle with more natural toe than seen on stock horse breeds. Performance horses, sometimes called "padded" or "built up", exhibit flashy and animated gaits, lifting their forelegs high off the ground
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having three beats, whereas the gallop has four beats. All four gaits are seen in wild horse populations. While other intermediate speed gaits may occur naturally to some horses, these four basic gaits occur in nature across almost all horse breeds. In some animals the trot is replaced by the pace or an ambling gait. Horses who possess an ambling gait are usually also able to trot. The walk is a four-beat gait that averages about . When walking, a horse's legs follow this sequence: left hind leg, left front leg, right hind leg, right front leg, in a regular
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heritage type of Fox Trotter that was seen in the first 20 years of the MFTHBA registry, in large part through reducing the amount of Tennessee Walking Horse blood. The Tennessee Walker did not figure prominently in original Missouri Fox Trotter pedigrees, and so the FFHA, by restricting the amount of Walker blood, is attempting to develop horses that more closely resemble the original Fox Trotter type. Missouri Fox Trotters are used extensively by trail riders, who appreciate their gaits, stamina and weight-carrying abilities. They are also used in handicapped riding programs, and their smooth gait has proven useful for
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Spotted Saddle Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association The Spotted Saddle Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association (SSHBEA) is an equestrian organization for the registration and promotion of the Spotted Saddle Horse breed. The SSHBEA is headquartered in Shelbyville, Tennessee. The SSHBEA was founded in 1984, for the purpose of registering pinto horses with smooth ambling gaits. By 1987 it had registered over 3,000 horses. It is located in downtown Shelbyville, Tennessee. The SSHBEA sanctions multiple shows throughout the year. Registered horses may compete in either rail or sport horse classes. Horses shown in rail classes are exhibited at three gaits and
Spotted Saddle Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association
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developed from equine stock, including gaited horses, brought to Missouri by settlers from Tennessee, Kentucky and Virginia. Breeds that contributed to the Fox Trotter included the Arabian, Morgan, American Saddlebred, Tennessee Walking Horse and Standardbred. By the time of Missouri's statehood in 1821, the horses of the state were known for their unique gait, which was useful in the rocky terrain of the Ozark Mountains. The breed became popular with cattlemen for their smooth gaits and ability to work with cattle. In 1948, the Missouri Fox Trotting Horse Breed Association (MFTHBA) was founded in Ava, Missouri, with an open stud
Missouri Fox Trotter
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also knuckle-walkers. Some mammals are [[bipedalism|bipeds]], using only two limbs for locomotion, which can be seen in, for example, humans and the great apes. Bipedal species have a larger field of vision than quadrupeds, conserve more energy and have the ability to manipulate objects with their hands, which aids in foraging. Instead of walking, some bipeds hop, such as kangaroos and [[kangaroo rat]]s. Animals will use different gaits for different speeds, terrain and situations. For example, horses show four natural gaits, the slowest [[horse gait]] is the [[Horse gait#Walk|walk]], then there are three faster gaits which, from slowest to fastest,
Mammal
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gaited Spanish Mustangs imported from Texas. These horses were bred on the limestone pastures of Middle Tennessee, and became known as "Tennessee Pacers". Originally used as all-purpose horses on plantations and farms, they were used for riding, pulling and racing. They were known for their smooth gaits and sure-footedness on the rocky Tennessee terrain. Morgan, Standardbred, Thoroughbred and American Saddlebred blood was also added to the breed through decades of breeding. In 1886, Black Allan (later known as Allan F-1) was born. By the stallion Allendorf (from the Hambletonian family of Standardbreds) and out of a Morgan mare named Maggie
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Horses that naturally have an upright neck with high head carriage, as well as animated gaits and high action are best at saddle seat. They should be very energetic but still remain responsive to the rider's aids. Several breeds do well in this discipline, with the most well-known being the American Saddlebred. Other breeds commonly exhibited in saddle seat style are the National Show Horse, Tennessee Walking Horses, Racking Horses, Spotted Saddle Horses, Morgans, and Arabians. In addition, Hackneys, Dutch Harness Horses, Paso Finos, Missouri Foxtrotters, and Rocky Mountain Horses are sometimes shown in this discipline. Less often, Friesians and
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Rodgers later owned Rodger's Perfection, Webb's first World Grand Champion. Webb trained Tennessee Walking Horses exclusively out of a show stable at Searcy, Arkansas. He trained the World Grand Champions Rodger's Perfection, winner in 1959; Perfectionist's Carbon Copy, winner in 1964; and Mark of Carbon. Webb trained the 1968 Reserve World Grand Champion, The Entertainer. Webb's second World Grand Champion, Carbon Copy, was trained to obey voice and whistle commands. Webb would entertain visitors to his stable by putting the horse through his gaits, riderless. In 1971, Webb hoped to win the World Grand Championship with another horse, but was
Joe Webb (horse trainer)
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walk, singlefoot, and similar rapid but smooth intermediate speed gaits. If a horse begins to speed up and lose a regular four-beat cadence to its gait, the horse is no longer walking, but is beginning to either trot or pace. Elephants can move both forwards and backwards, but cannot trot, jump, or gallop. They use only two gaits when moving on land, the walk and a faster gait similar to running. In walking, the legs act as pendulums, with the hips and shoulders rising and falling while the foot is planted on the ground. With no "aerial phase", the fast
Walking
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addition to their six more-standard arthropod legs have a similar form to those of velvet worms, and suggest a distant shared ancestry. Animals show a vast range of gaits, the order that they place and lift their appendages in locomotion. Gaits can be grouped into categories according to their patterns of support sequence. For quadrupeds, there are three main categories: walking gaits, running gaits, and leaping gaits. In one system (relating to horses), there are 60 discrete patterns: 37 walking gaits, 14 running gaits, and 9 leaping gaits. Walking is the most common gait, where some feet are on the
Terrestrial locomotion
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their walk. However, a rider will almost always feel some degree of gentle side-to-side motion in the horse's hips as each hind leg reaches forward. The fastest "walks" with a four-beat footfall pattern are actually the lateral forms of ambling gaits such as the running walk, singlefoot, and similar rapid but smooth intermediate speed gaits. If a horse begins to speed up and lose a regular four-beat cadence to its gait, the horse is no longer walking, but is beginning to either trot or pace. The trot is a two-beat gait that has a wide variation in possible speeds, but
Horse gait
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Strolling Jim. The Tennessee Walking Horse was officially named the state horse by the General Assembly of Tennessee in 2000. Many horse shows in Tennessee are oriented around the state's namesake breed, the Tennessee Walking Horse. The largest of these is the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, an 11-day competition that takes place on the 105-acre Celebration Grounds in Shelbyville just before Labor Day every year. The Celebration attracts over 1,500 horses and 200,000 spectators. The Spring Celebration, also known as the Spring Fun Show, is another Tennessee Walking Horse show that traditionally is important for horses and trainers hoping
Horse industry in Tennessee
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Walking Horse". In 2016, the museum was given over $3,000 in state grants. The money was used to restore old film of the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration and make it available for viewing. The Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum contains a variety of exhibits related to all aspects of the Tennessee Walking Horse industry. There is an exhibit on the current World Grand Champion, updated yearly as a new horse wins, and saddles and tack worn by past winners. There are also exhibits honoring select breeders and trainers, which are changed periodically. One prominent piece is the saddle worn
Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum
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and 1940s, but dropped in popularity as the Tennessee Walking Horse came to the forefront of the state's horse shows. Today, Tennessee is ranked 6th on the list of US states by number of horses, and 3.2 million of its 10 million acres of farmland are used for horses or horse-related activity in some form. The Tennessee Walking Horse is the most popular breed in the state. The Tennessee Walking Horse, the first horse breed to be named for an American state, was developed in the Middle Basin of Tennessee. Horse breeder James Brantley began his breeding program in the
Horse industry in Tennessee
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Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association The Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association (abbreviated TWHBEA) is the oldest breed association for the Tennessee Walking Horse. It was founded in 1935 and is headquartered in Lewisburg, Tennessee. The association also runs the Tennessee Walking Horse Hall of Fame. The TWHBEA was founded in 1935 in Lewisburg, Tennessee for the purpose of registering Tennessee Walking Horses and maintaining their bloodlines. The first president was Burt Hunter. The association was originally named the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' Association of America, but was renamed in 1974 to cover the popular show industry.
Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association
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walk of the Tennessee Walking Horse. Like all lateral ambling gaits, the footfall pattern is the same as the walk (left hind, left front, right hind, right front), but differs from the walk in that it can be performed at a range of speeds, from the speed of a typical fast walk up to the speed of a normal canter. Some Icelandic horses prefer to tölt, while others prefer to trot. The flying pace is a two-beat lateral gait, with a moment of suspension between the two sets of footfalls At racing speeds, horses can perform the flying pace at
Five-gaited
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Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum The Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum is the only museum dedicated entirely to the Tennessee Walking Horse. It is located in downtown Wartrace, Tennessee, and contains exhibits on all aspects of the Walking Horse industry. The Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum was first established in Shelbyville, Tennessee, at which time it was housed in a room adjacent to the Calsonic Arena. In the 1990s it was moved to Lynchburg, but subsequently closed in 2005. In 2011 it reopened inside an old store in Wartrace, which is known by the nickname "The cradle of the Tennessee
Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum
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was noted for his good conformation. Brantley observed him performing a true running walk within a few hours of his birth. When Roan Allen was three years old, he was put in training with Charlie Ashley of Manchester, Tennessee. Ashley trained Roan Allen to perform seven distinct gaits on command, including the running walk, flat walk, fox trot, true trot and rack. When Roan Allen was fully trained, he was competed successfully in Walking Horse, five-gaited, and harness classes in county fairs. Roan Allen died in 1930, under rather unusual circumstances. Brantley had loaned him to a farmer named Wallace
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While the Tennessee Walking Horse is most common in the southern and southeastern US, it is found throughout the country. The Tennessee Walker is noted for its appearance in horse show events, particularly performances in saddle seat-style English riding equipment, but is also a very popular trail riding horse. Some are used for endurance riding. To promote this use, the TWHBEA maintains an awards program in conjunction with the American Endurance Ride Conference. In the 20th century, the Tennessee Walking Horse was crossed with Welsh ponies to create the American Walking Pony, a gaited pony breed. The breed has also
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Jostens; it is also home to a Tyson Foods facility and a distribution center for Wal-Mart, as well as several nationwide trucking businesses. Shelbyville is at the intersection of U.S. Route 231 and U.S. Route 41A. It was the terminus of a branch line (from Wartrace), located along what is now known as Railroad Avenue, connecting with what was once known as the Saint Louis, Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. The Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration takes place each year during the 11 days and nights prior to Labor Day. It is the largest show for the Tennessee Walking Horse, during
Shelbyville, Tennessee
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been featured in television, movies and other performing events. The Lone Ranger's horse "Silver" was at times played by a Tennessee Walker. "Trigger, Jr.", the successor to the original "Trigger" made famous by Roy Rogers, was played by a Tennessee Walker named Allen's Gold Zephyr. The position of Traveler, mascot of the University of Southern California Trojans, was held at various times by a purebred Tennessee Walking Horse, and by a Tennessee Walker/Arabian cross. The two basic categories of Tennessee Walking Horse show competition are called "flat-shod" and "performance". Flat-shod horses compete in many different disciplines under both western and
Tennessee Walking Horse
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While the horses are famous for flashy movement, they are popular for trail and pleasure riding as well as show. The Tennessee Walking Horse is best known for its running-walk. This is a four-beat gait with the same footfall pattern as a regular, or flat, walk, but significantly faster. While a horse performing a flat walk moves at , the running walk allows the same horse to travel at . In the running walk, the horse's rear feet overstep the prints of its front feet by , with a longer overstep being more prized in the Tennessee Walking Horse breed.
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and ambling gaits, running or trotting gaits, and leaping gaits. The British Horse Society Dressage Rules require competitors to perform four variations of the walk, six forms of the trot, five leaping gaits (all forms of the canter), halt, and rein back, but not the gallop. The British Horse Society Equitation examinations also require proficiency in the gallop as distinct from the canter. The so-called "natural" gaits, in increasing order of speed, are the walk, trot, canter, and gallop. Some consider these as three gaits, with the canter a variation of the gallop, even though the canter is distinguished by
Horse gait
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speeds close to 30 mph. Icelandics that can perform the "tölt" but not the flying pace are called "four-gaited." Other gaited horse breeds may be able to perform five gaits, and individual horses of breeds not normally noted for possessing ambling gaits may also do so. Examples of these include the part-Saddlebred National Show Horse, the Arabian horse, the Morgan, and the Morab. Five-gaited Five-gaited horses are notable for their ability to perform five distinct horse gaits instead of simply the three gaits, walk, trot and canter or gallop common to most horses. Individual animals with this ability are often
Five-gaited
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was practiced to enhance their performance in the show ring. The two basic categories of Tennessee Walking Horse show competition are called "flat-shod" and "performance", distinguished by desired leg action. Flat-shod horses, wearing regular horseshoes, exhibit less exaggerated movement. Performance horses are shod with built-up pads or "stacks", along with other weighted action devices, creating the so-called "Big Lick" style. The United States Equestrian Federation and some breed organizations now prohibit the use of stacks and action devices at shows they sanction. In addition, the Tennessee Walking Horse is the breed most affected by the Horse Protection Act of 1970.
Tennessee Walking Horse
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Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration The Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration (TWHNC), sometimes known as the Celebration, is the largest horse show for the Tennessee Walking Horse breed, and has been held annually in or near Shelbyville, Tennessee since its inception in 1939. The Celebration was conceived by Henry Davis, a horse trainer who along with several other horsemen, felt the Shelbyville area should have a festival or annual event. Although the Celebration was originally held in Wartrace, Tennessee, it moved to Shelbyville, the seat of Bedford County, a few years later. The Celebration spans 11 days and nights in
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Tiger horse Tiger horses are gaited, spotted horses with a coat color much like the Appaloosa. The tiger horse can exhibit various ambling gaits including various lateral gaits called the "glider gait" or "Indian shuffle," stepping pace, and running walk, as well as the diagonal fox trot. Registered horses must exhibit gaits without artificial aids and while flat-shod. There are two types of tiger horse, the "Heavenly Type" and the "Royalty Type". Because the tiger horse breed is still in development, there are variations in conformation even within these two types. The tiger horse may have a straight or convex
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horses so the judges can evaluate their conformation. The winner is announced by a spotlight sweeping back and forth along the line-up of horses and then settling on the World Grand Champion. The winner is awarded $15,000 in prize money. Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration The Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration (TWHNC), sometimes known as the Celebration, is the largest horse show for the Tennessee Walking Horse breed, and has been held annually in or near Shelbyville, Tennessee since its inception in 1939. The Celebration was conceived by Henry Davis, a horse trainer who along with several other horsemen, felt
Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration
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Gen's Black Maverick Gen's Black Maverick is a Tennessee Walking Horse stallion. He has won two World Championships and the 2017 World Grand Championship in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. Gen's Black Maverick is a black stallion. He was sired by Gen's Black Gin and out of the mare Cash For Roses; both his parents are World Champions. Gen's Black Maverick is owned by Keith and Lorraine Rosbury of Bell Buckle, Tennessee and trained by Bill Callaway of Shelbyville. Gen's Black Maverick has competed in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration multiple times; he and Callaway entered the World
Gen's Black Maverick
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can achieve even higher results, pulling more than 200 percent of their own body weight. A draught-type horse must pass two tests in the studbook evaluation: a walking test and either a pulling or a general drivability test. The points given for the horse's performance in these tests are added to those given for its temperament and gaits, resulting in the final workability score. The horse is also given a score for its conformation. In addition to achieving the minimum scores for both workability and conformation, stallions accepted for the working-horse section of the stud book are required to trot
Finnhorse
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Vic Thompson Vic Thompson (died 1996) was a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer. He and the horse Sun's Jet Parade won the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration's World Grand Championship in 1957. Thompson was the first president of the Walking Horse Trainers' Association and was later inducted into the Tennessee Walking Horse Hall of Fame. Vic Thompson was born in Texas and began training horses in 1939, when his father bought a group of 22 horses to resell. Thompson later moved to Tennessee, where he opened a breeding and training stable in 1951. It was located outside Shelbyville, Tennessee, on the
Vic Thompson
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and a mule show called Mule Day has been held in Maury County for 170 years. The Calsonic Arena in Shelbyville hosts the Great Celebration Mule Show each July. Tennessee also hosts a number of horse shows for breeds that predated or derived from the Tennessee Walking Horse. The Spotted Saddle Horse is a pinto-patterned breed that was developed using large amounts of Tennessee Walking Horse blood. Two major shows for it are held at the Celebration Grounds every year; the Spring Show in May and World Championship in September. The Spotted Saddle Horse's biggest registry, the Spotted Saddle Horse
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competition, stock horse breeds such as the American Quarter Horse, American Paint Horse and Appaloosa tend to be favored by the judges, though quality individuals from other breeds such as the Morgan horse and Arabian horse can be competitive if not penalized for their natural conformation that gives them a somewhat higher-set neck. "Gaited" breeds such as the Missouri Fox Trotter and the Tennessee Walker often have their own Western Pleasure classes with standards adapted to evaluate their use of intermediate gaits other than the jog trot. Even breeds that are traditionally shown mostly in English riding disciplines, such as
Western pleasure
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of the Tennessee Walking Horse". The breed's main registry, the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association (TWHBEA), was founded in 1935 in Lewisburg and is still located downtown. In 1939 Henry Davis and a group of fellow horsemen held the inaugural Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration; it lasted three days and ended with Strolling Jim, trained by Floyd Carothers, being crowned as the first World Grand Champion. After the founding of the TWHBEA and then Celebration, the Walking Horse jumped in popularity and many notable breeding farms were established, including Harlinsdale Farm, and horse trainers began to focus on
Horse industry in Tennessee
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by the first National Champion, Strolling Jim, as well as a color portrait of him painted in 1940 by artist Bill Humphreys. Another exhibit is focused on Betty Sain, who became the first female rider to win a World Grand Championship. Sain won the title in 1966, on her horse Shaker's Shocker. The museum also contains a hands-on section where visitors can look through old show bills, industry-related magazines, and the like. Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum The Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum is the only museum dedicated entirely to the Tennessee Walking Horse. It is located in downtown Wartrace,
Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum
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a galloping mammal causes the abdominal viscera to act as a piston, inflating and deflating the lungs as the animal's spine flexes and extends, increasing ventilation and allowing greater oxygen exchange. Any given animal uses a relatively restricted set of gaits, and different species use different gaits. Almost all animals are capable of symmetrical gaits, while asymmetrical gaits are largely confined to mammals, who are capable of enough spinal flexion to increase stride length (though small crocodilians are capable of using a bounding gait). Lateral sequence gaits during walking and running are most common in mammals, but arboreal mammals such
Gait
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under age 18 and 19.3% of those age 65 or over. Wartrace, Tennessee Wartrace is a town in Bedford County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 548 at the 2000 census and 651 at the 2010 census. It is located northeast of Shelbyville. The downtown area is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Wartrace Historic District. Wartrace is a hub of the Tennessee Walking Horse industry and has been nicknamed "the cradle of the Tennessee Walking Horse". It is home to the Wartrace Horse Show, held annually since 1906, and the Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum
Wartrace, Tennessee
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Wartrace, Tennessee Wartrace is a town in Bedford County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 548 at the 2000 census and 651 at the 2010 census. It is located northeast of Shelbyville. The downtown area is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Wartrace Historic District. Wartrace is a hub of the Tennessee Walking Horse industry and has been nicknamed "the cradle of the Tennessee Walking Horse". It is home to the Wartrace Horse Show, held annually since 1906, and the Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum has been headquartered in downtown Wartrace since 2012. The name "Wartrace"
Wartrace, Tennessee
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Charles Brantley Charles Brantley (November 12, 1924 – July 22, 2016) was a Tennessee Walking Horse breeder. He grew up on a farm in Coffee County, Tennessee and competed in the first Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. Besides breeding horses, he was a horse trainer for several years, but quit riding due to health issues. He was married to his wife Nellie for 70 years, and was inducted into both the Tennessee Walking Horse Hall of Fame and the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame. Brantley was born on his family's farm in Coffee County, Tennessee on November 12, 1924. He
Charles Brantley
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Link Webb Lincoln "Link" Webb (born 1974) is a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer. He and the black stallion Santana's El Nino won the breed's World Grand Championship in 2008. Webb was born Lincoln Eugene Webb in 1974, but nicknamed Link. He owns and operates Link Webb Stables in Marshall County, Tennessee, and was named Trainer of the Year by the Walking Horse Trainers' Association in 2005. He trained the black Tennessee Walking Horse stallion Santana's El Nino. In 2007, Webb and El Nino entered the World Grand Championship in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration and placed fourth. A short
Link Webb
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ambling gaits are "lateral" gaits, meaning that the feet on the same side of the horse move forward, but one after the other, usually in a footfall pattern of right rear, right front, left rear, left front. Others are "diagonal", meaning that the feet on opposite sides of the horse move forward in sequence, usually right rear, left front, left rear, right front. A common trait of the ambling gaits is that usually only one foot is completely off the ground at any one time. Ambling gaits are further distinguished by the timing and cadence of the footfall pattern. One
Ambling gait
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book was closed in 1947, meaning that since that date every Tennessee Walker must have both its dam and stud registered in order to be eligible for registration. In 1950, the United States Department of Agriculture recognized the Tennessee Walking Horse as a distinct breed. In 2000, the Tennessee Walking Horse was named the official state horse of the US state of Tennessee. It is the third most-common breed in Kentucky, behind the Thoroughbred and the American Quarter Horse. As of 2005, 450,000 horses have been registered over the life of the TWHBEA, with annual registrations of 13,000–15,000 new foals.
Tennessee Walking Horse
19595157
Judy Martin (horse trainer) Judy Martin is a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer. Martin trained the World Grand Champion Shades of Carbon, and was Tennessee Walking Horse Trainer of the Year in 1976. She also judged horse shows. Judy Wiser was born to Winston Wiser and his wife Katherine. Winston Wiser was a notable Tennessee Walking Horse trainer who won five World Grand Championships on three horses, including Merry Go Boy and Go Boy's Shadow. Judy married Joe Martin. The couple ran a training and show stable in Shelbyville, Tennessee, and trained the black stallion Shades of Carbon, who was owned
Judy Martin (horse trainer)
4936581
majority of horse breeds. Both gaits are an intermediate speed between a walk and a canter or gallop; ambling gaits are four-beat gaits, whereas the trot is a two-beat gait. The extra footfalls provide additional smoothness to a rider because the horse always has at least one foot on the ground. This minimizes movement of the horse's topline and removes the bounce of a two-beat gait, caused by a moment of suspension followed by the jolt of two feet hitting the ground as the horse shifts from one pair of legs to the other. The value of an intermediate speed
Rocky Mountain Horse
6887564
footfalls are usually slightly uneven, occurring in "couplets" of a 1-2, 3-4 rhythm that gives the rider a slight forward and back sensation when riding. They are considered physically easier on the horse than the lateral gaits as less hollowing of the back occurs when the horse is in the gait. Diagonal four beat gaits are classified as an alternative ambling gait, even though derived from the trot rather than the pace. The genetic mechanism that allows diagonal ambling gaits appears to be the same gene responsible for lateral ambling gaits. The fox trot is most often associated with the
Ambling gait
19755568
Jeff Givens Jeff Givens (1961/1962 – October 6, 2013) was a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer who won three World Championships with the same horse. Givens died in a truck and trailer crash in 2013, at age 51. Givens was a lifelong resident of Rutherford County, Tennessee, and operated Jeff Givens Stables in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. He was on the board of the Walking Horse Trainers' Association. In 2011, Givens and the horse Maxximize unanimously won the Model Pleasure Stallions class in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. Givens showed Trigger Treat in the Model Pleasure Geldings class the same day and
Jeff Givens
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was exhibited at a small show in Tennessee and was seen by Colonel J. L. Haynes. Haynes soon bought the horse and at the age of twelve years, had him registered with the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association as Haynes Peacock. Haynes Peacock, ridden by Haynes, won World Grand Championships at the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration in the years 1940 and 1941, making him the first repeat champion. He died several years later and was buried on Haynes' farm, Haynes Haven, in the horse cemetery. Haynes Peacock Haynes Peacock was a Tennessee Walking Horse gelding. He won
Haynes Peacock
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Billie Nipper Billie Nipper (November 22, 1929 – February 24, 2016) was an American artist who specialized in painting portraits of horses. Nipper, a native of Cleveland, Tennessee, painted every horse to win the Tennessee Walking Horse World Grand Championship from 1976 until her death. Besides Tennessee Walking Horses, she painted other breeds of horse, as well as landscapes. Her paintings were made into prints and transferred onto china and other objects. Nipper also bred horses, and her husband and son were horse trainers. Nipper's art was owned by Ronald Reagan and Zsa Zsa Gabor. Her paintings are in the
Billie Nipper
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in an attempt to alleviate the pain. Correspondingly, the horse steps under itself as far as possible with its hind legs to relieve the forelegs of weight. This results in the "squatting" body outline (hindquarters extremely lowered, forelegs flung very high) typical of the "big lick" horse. Such abuses are illegal under the Horse Protection Act of 1970, but are still practiced. Measures have been taken to stop the practice, and many supporters of the Tennessee Walking Horse have organized to oppose soring. The HPA, created specifically to stop such practices and to monitor the Tennessee Walking Horse in particular,
Soring
19862512
training Tennessee Walkers specifically for show competition. Trainers who became notable during this period include Winston Wiser, Fred Walker and Steve Hill. Today the Tennessee Walking Horse continues to be highly important to the Middle Basin. The town of Shelbyville is called the Tennessee Walking Horse Capital of the World, and has hosted the Celebration for most of its history; the first few Celebrations were held in Wartrace, but the move was made due to space issues. The Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum was founded in the 1980s and was hosted in several locations before moving to its permanent location
Horse industry in Tennessee
19487488
He was being taken to the University of Tennessee veterinary hospital when he died of an obstructed bowel caused by colic complications. RPM (horse) RPM was a Tennessee Walking Horse who won a World Grand Championship in 1999. As a four-year-old, RPM was sold for $1.25 million, estimated at the time to be the highest price ever paid for a Tennessee Walking Horse. RPM was trained by Bud Dunn, who also trained the horse's sire to a World Grand Championship in 1992. RPM was a black stallion sired by Dark Spirit's Rebel, the 1992 World Grand Champion Tennessee Walking Horse,
RPM (horse)
19338089
Five-gaited Five-gaited horses are notable for their ability to perform five distinct horse gaits instead of simply the three gaits, walk, trot and canter or gallop common to most horses. Individual animals with this ability are often seen in the American Saddlebred horse breed, though the Icelandic horse also has five-gaited individuals, though with a different set of gaits than the Saddlebred. The ability to perform an ambling gait or to pace appears to be due to a specific genetic mutation. Some horses are able to both trot and perform an ambling gait, but many can only do one or
Five-gaited
19862507
Horse industry in Tennessee The horse industry in Tennessee is the 6th largest in the United States, and over three million acres of Tennessee farmland are used for horse raising or horse-related activities. The most popular breed in the state is the eponymous Tennessee Walking Horse, and it became an official state symbol in 2000. Because Tennessee was largely rural in its early statehood, horses were important as a form of transportation. During the antebellum period, horse racing became a popular sport among the gentry. After the Civil War, most of the native southern stock was gone, and horse breeding
Horse industry in Tennessee
19223765
Tennessee Walking Horse breeder to utilize scientific inbreeding. Dement was posthumously given the Master Breeder Award by the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association. His farm, with three barns he built, remains in his family and has been designated as a Tennessee Century Farm, meaning that it has been owned by the same family for more than a century. Albert Dement Albert Dement (born 1868) was an early Tennessee Walking Horse breeder. Albert Dement was born in Cannon County, Tennessee in 1868. In 1892 Dement moved to Wartrace, in Bedford County Tennessee, and began breeding horses. Dement's main broodmare
Albert Dement
19184826
Mule and Donkey Show. The most popular annual event held at Calsonic Arena, however, is the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, the largest show for the Tennessee Walking Horse. The Celebration itself incompasses a wide variety of activities besides the horse show, and includes a trade fair and barbecue cookout. Calsonic Arena Calsonic Arena is an arena in Shelbyville, Tennessee. It is best known as the home of the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, but it hosts a variety of events throughout the year, including motocross competitions, 4-H events, dog shows, rodeos and circuses. Calsonic Arena is host to a
Calsonic Arena
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registry is kept by the TWHBEA, which promotes all riding disciplines within the breed, but does not sanction horse shows. The USEF does not currently recognize or sanction any Tennessee Walking Horse shows. In 2013 it banned the use of action devices and stacks at any time in any class. The Tennessee Walking Horse Heritage Society is a group dedicated to the preservation of the original Tennessee Walker bloodlines, mainly for use as trail and pleasure horses, rather than for showing. Horses listed by the organization descend from the foundation bloodstock registered by the TWHBEA. Pedigrees may not include horses
Tennessee Walking Horse
19862522
is no rental stable. Horse industry in Tennessee The horse industry in Tennessee is the 6th largest in the United States, and over three million acres of Tennessee farmland are used for horse raising or horse-related activities. The most popular breed in the state is the eponymous Tennessee Walking Horse, and it became an official state symbol in 2000. Because Tennessee was largely rural in its early statehood, horses were important as a form of transportation. During the antebellum period, horse racing became a popular sport among the gentry. After the Civil War, most of the native southern stock was
Horse industry in Tennessee
10270406
Mountain Saddle Horses must demonstrate a "gentle temperament and willing disposition" to registry examiners. The breed exhibits a natural ambling gait, called the single-foot, which replaces the trot seen in a majority of horse breeds. Both gaits are an intermediate speed between a walk and a canter or gallop; ambling gaits are four-beat gaits, whereas the trot is a two-beat gait. The extra footfalls provide additional smoothness to a rider because the horse always has at least one foot on the ground. This minimizes movement of the horse's topline and removes the bounce of a two-beat gait, caused by a
Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse
19759309
was inducted into the Tennessee Walking Horse Hall of Fame, and in 2002 the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame. The latter achievement made him the first person in the Tennessee Walking Horse industry to be so honored. By 2009, Charles Brantley had attended every Celebration, and had judged the ones his horses did not show in. Charles Brantley died July 22, 2016, at the age of 91. He had been in a nursing home in Manchester, Tennessee. Charles Brantley Charles Brantley (November 12, 1924 – July 22, 2016) was a Tennessee Walking Horse breeder. He grew up on a farm
Charles Brantley
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became John Paul Way and section 10 was created. In the early 1940s, Mr. McNamara built a ½ mile clay-training track between what is now Harmony Road and Adios Pass. This was removed for the housing development in the late 1970s and relocated just north of 146th Street until the mid-1990s, when The Village Farms portion of the original Two Gaits Farm was developed. Two Gaits Farm (Carmel, Indiana) Two Gaits Farm is the name of a Standardbred (harness racing) horse farm that functioned from 1934-1973. It belonged to Leo C. McNamara, Sr. and at one time was internationally known
Two Gaits Farm (Carmel, Indiana)
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was the only Tennessee Walking Horse to have ever been given the "Sports Illustrated" Award of Merit. Shaker's Shocker retired from showing in 1970 and was put to stud at Sain's stables. He was also used as a mascot for University of Tennessee football games. Shaker's Shocker and Betty Sain have been given a historic marker in Tennessee. There is a permanent exhibit on them in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum. Shaker's Shocker Shaker's Shocker was a Tennessee Walking Horse stallion who won his breed's World Grand Championship in 1966. Shaker's Shocker was foaled in 1962, by World Grand
Shaker's Shocker
19832748
in Miami. However, she married a soldier from Georgia and the family later returned to Florida. About the time of the marriage, her new father-in-law traveled to Tennessee to buy mules and while there heard about the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, a major Tennessee Walking Horse show. In 1946 the Groover family attended it as spectators, and soon after, Wink Groover's parents purchased two Tennessee Walking Horse colts, which they put in professional training. Groover won his first horse show ribbon on one of the colts the next year. In 1954 Groover graduated from high school and moved to
Wink Groover
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and slid down on top of her. Kathy was not seriously harmed but refused to ride again until she was in high school, when someone dared her. After riding on the dare, she began riding often and later competed in some horse shows, including the Celebration. Vic Thompson was inducted into the Tennessee Walking Horse Hall of Fame. He died in 1996. Vic Thompson Vic Thompson (died 1996) was a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer. He and the horse Sun's Jet Parade won the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration's World Grand Championship in 1957. Thompson was the first president of the
Vic Thompson
19120715
horse trainers, who eventually created the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration, an annual horse show held for the first time in 1939. Because of this, the name was changed to the Walking Horse Hotel. The first winner of the Celebration, Strolling Jim, who was owned and trained by Floyd Carothers, is buried behind the hotel. Since 2015, the Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum has had a framed portrait of Strolling Jim on display. Floyd Carothers died in 1944, but the hotel was owned and operated by Olive Carothers until 1958. It was sold several times, then renovated in 1995 and
Walking Horse Hotel
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although some may be registered with the Spotted Saddle Horse and Racking Horse associations as well. Double registration does not affect a horse's ability to enter the Celebration. The only exception to this rule are ponies competing in lead line classes. Over 20 World Championships are awarded in different classes throughout the course of the Celebration, including the Lead Line Ponies World Championship, Park Performance, Four-Year-Old, Three-Year-Old, Two-Year-Old, Weanling, Trail Pleasure, Show Pleasure, and Lite Shod. The most anticipated class, however, is the World Grand Championship, the largest honor in the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. Competition at the Celebration is
Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration
19487485
RPM (horse) RPM was a Tennessee Walking Horse who won a World Grand Championship in 1999. As a four-year-old, RPM was sold for $1.25 million, estimated at the time to be the highest price ever paid for a Tennessee Walking Horse. RPM was trained by Bud Dunn, who also trained the horse's sire to a World Grand Championship in 1992. RPM was a black stallion sired by Dark Spirit's Rebel, the 1992 World Grand Champion Tennessee Walking Horse, and out of Ebony's Emmy Lou. As a yearling, RPM was sold to Pete Hammond and Bob Kilgore for $100,000 and put
RPM (horse)
19862515
to compete in the main Celebration later in the year. It is held on the Celebration Grounds and dates back to 1970. The National Trainers Show is held annually by the Walking Horse Trainers' Association. It is almost always held in Shelbyville, although it has been held in Alabama twice, in 1988 and 2015. Besides the larger shows that last multiple days, Tennessee also hosts a number of significant one-day Tennessee Walking Horse shows. The Wartrace Horse Show is the oldest one-night horse show in Tennessee, and has been held annually since 1906. Tennessee is also known for breeding mules,
Horse industry in Tennessee
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with Western saddles and related equipment similar to that used by other breeds in western pleasure classes, and exhibitors may not mix English and Western-style equipment. Riders must wear a hat or helmet in western classes. Tennessee Walkers are also shown in both pleasure and fine harness driving classes, with grooming similar to that of the saddle seat horses. Tennessee Walking Horses are typically shown with a long mane and tail. In classes where horses are turned out in saddle seat equipment, it is typical for the horse to be shown in a single curb bit with a bit shank
Tennessee Walking Horse
19310440
several book and movie deals, she turned them all down. In 2010, the Sain House at Webb School was given a Tennessee historical marker. In 2015, Betty Sain gave a presentation on her family's history, her own experiences with Shaker's Shocker and later horses, and an overview of the Tennessee Walking Horse breed at a meeting of the Bedford County Historical Society. The Tennessee Walking Horse National Museum in Wartrace has a permanent exhibit on Betty Sain and Shaker's Shocker. Betty Sain Elizabeth Fay "Betty" Sain, (born November 20, 1942) is a former Tennessee Walking Horse trainer and breeder from
Betty Sain
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Horse to win the breed's World Grand Championship, held annually as part of the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. Nipper's first World Grand Champion portrait was of that year's winner Shades of Carbon, and his trainer Judy Martin. In all, she painted over 30 World Grand Champions, the last one before her death being I Am Jose. For a time, Nipper operated in conjunction with the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association, but then went out on her own, saying, "Us artists like our independence". Nipper had a temporary office at the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration each year,
Billie Nipper
6887552
performed by Tennessee Walking Horses. It is a four-beat gait with the same footfall pattern as a regular, or flat, walk, but significantly faster. While a horse performing a flat walk moves at , the running walk allows the same horse to travel at . In the running walk, the horse's rear feet overstep the prints of its front feet by , with a longer overstep being more prized in the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. While performing the running walk, the horse nods its head in rhythm with its gait. Some Tennessee Walking Horses perform other variations of lateral ambling
Ambling gait
7130270
ground at any given time, and found in almost all legged animals. In an informal sense, running is considered to occur when at some points in the stride all feet are off the ground in a moment of suspension. Technically, however, moments of suspension occur in both running gaits (such as trot) and leaping gaits (such as canter and gallop). Gaits involving one or more moments of suspension can be found in many animals, and compared to walking they are faster but more energetically costly forms of locomotion. Animals will use different gaits for different speeds, terrain, and situations. For
Terrestrial locomotion
19962612
Bill Bobo William Earl "Bill" Bobo is a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer. He won the World Grand Championship at the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration in 2003 with the stallion The Whole Nine Yards. Bobo also showed the notable horse Rowdy Rev, who competed in the World Grand Championship several times but never won. Bobo has been named Trainer of the Year by the Walking Horse Trainers Association. Bobo was born William Earl Bobo in 1947/1948. He is married to Connie Bobo, and the two own and operate Bobo Farms in Shelbyville, Tennessee, which has been in the Bobo family
Bill Bobo
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under , rather than the double bridle more common to other saddle seat breeds. Riders wear typical saddle seat attire. Hats are not always mandatory, but use of safety helmets is allowed and ranges from strongly encouraged to required in some pleasure division classes. The showing, exhibition and sale of Tennessee Walking Horses and some other horse breeds is governed by the Horse Protection Act of 1970 (HPA) due to concerns about the practice of soring. This developed during the 1950s and became widespread in the 1960s, resulting in a public outcry against it. Congress passed the Horse Protection Act
Tennessee Walking Horse
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for three-gaited horses with full manes and tails are also offered. The American Saddlebred and Tennessee Walking Horse are shown with an artificially positioned tail in the "high action" classes, such as three-gaited and five-gaited under saddle classes, and fine harness competition. Set tails are not allowed in Saddlebred or Tennessee Walking horse pleasure classes or in most flat shod classes, though a horse which has previously been shown with a set tail may be allowed in some classes if its tail has been taken down and allowed to return to its natural position. Other saddle seat breeds, such as
Saddle seat
20193565
Game World Game World is a Tennessee Walking Horse stallion who won the World Grand Championship in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration in 2011. Game World is a chestnut stallion with a star and strip on his face, foaled on April 4, 2005. He is out of the mare Pushers Color My World and sired by the stallion Mind Games. He was sold to Chester Stokes of Ponte Verde Beach, Florida, as a yearling. He was trained and ridden by Gary Edwards of Shelbyville, Tennessee. As a four-year-old Game World was entered in the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration
Game World
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1–2, 3–4 rhythm created by a slight pause between the groundstrike of the forefoot of one side to the rear of the other. Not all horses can perform an ambling gait. However, many breeds can be trained to produce them. In most "gaited" breeds, an ambling gait is a hereditary trait. A 2012 DNA study of movement in Icelandic horses and mice have determined that a mutation on the gene DMRT3, which is related to limb movement and motion, causes a "premature 'stop codon'" in horses with lateral ambling gaits. The major ambling gaits include: Horse gait Horse gaits are
Horse gait
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Pleven horse The Pleven breed of horse is essentially Anglo-Arabian, and the breed was officially recognized in 1951. It is a competition horse with a natural jump, and has free-flowing gaits. The Pleven is essentially Anglo-Arabian, a cross between an Arabian horse and a Thoroughbred. The Pleven's head has a straight profile, a long, muscular neck, and a nice topline. They are excellent movers, whose free-flowing gaits make them excel in dressage. They have fairly long backs and high withers, with quarters that are muscular, croups which are slightly sloping, and a tail that is carried well. Their legs are
Pleven horse
19489186
prevented from entering the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration at all by an outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. The virus caused a quarantine to be put in place, blocking horses from Arkansas and several other states from going into Tennessee, where the Celebration is held. In 1978, Mark of Carbon, Webb's third World Grand Champion, beat 15 other horses to win the stake. The same year as Mark of Carbon's win, Webb was named Walking Horse Trainer of the Year. Webb wrote a how-to book entitled "The Care and Training of the Tennessee Walking Horse", which was first published
Joe Webb (horse trainer)
20530601
Main Power Main Power is a Tennessee Walking Horse who won the World Grand Championship in the 2005 Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. He had previously been the Three-Year-Old World Champion in two categories, Four-Year-Old World Champion and Reserve World Grand Champion. Main Power was foaled on April 3, 1999. He is a solid black stallion with no white markings. He was sired by Gold Power and out of the mare Main Man's Spirit. His dam was double-registered with both the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association and the Racking Horse Breeders' Association of America. He was trained by
Main Power
177016
toxic amounts of poisonous plants even when there is adequate healthy food. All horses move naturally with four basic gaits: the four-beat walk, which averages ; the two-beat trot or jog at (faster for harness racing horses); the canter or lope, a three-beat gait that is ; and the gallop. The gallop averages , but the world record for a horse galloping over a short, sprint distance is . Besides these basic gaits, some horses perform a two-beat pace, instead of the trot. There also are several four-beat "ambling" gaits that are approximately the speed of a trot or pace,
Horse
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1940s, breeders involved in the development of the Tennessee Walking Horse made regular trips into eastern Kentucky to find well-gaited mares to put to their foundation Tennessee Walking Horse stallions. These quality mares contributed greatly to the Walking Horse breed. Palomino horses were also highly sought after and several were sold to a horse broker who purchased horses for Roy Rogers. Geneticist Ernest “Gus” Cothran, while working for the University of Kentucky developed a chart showing the progression of horse breeds as determined through blood-typing. Blood markers have shown the Mountain Pleasure Horse to be related to the Rocky Mountain
Mountain Pleasure Horse
2003376
as the lateral ambling gaits. There are a significant number of names for various four-beat intermediate gaits. Though these names derive from differences in footfall patterns and speed, historically they were once grouped together and collectively referred to as the "amble." In the United States horses that are able to amble are referred to as "gaited." In almost all cases, the primary feature of the ambling gaits is that 3 of the 4 feet are on the ground at any time, reflected in the colloquial term, "singlefoot." All ambling gaits are faster than a walk but usually slower than a
Horse gait
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in a practice involving a horse, and, as a result of such application, infliction, injection, use, or practice, such horse suffers, or can reasonably be expected to suffer, physical pain or distress, inflammation, or lameness when walking. Clinical signs of a sored horse include: One method of soring involves using chemical agents such as mustard oil, kerosene, and other caustic substances on the pasterns, bulbs of the heel, or coronary bands of the horses, causing burning or blistering of the horses' legs to accentuate their gaits. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is sometimes added to increase the effect. The treated area is
Soring
3585784
in the late 18th century when Narragansett Pacers and Canadian Pacers from the eastern United States were crossed with gaited Spanish Mustangs from Texas. Other breeds were later added, and in 1886 a foal named Black Allan was born. He is now considered the foundation sire of the breed. In 1935 the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' Association was formed, and it closed the studbook in 1947. In 1939, the first Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration was held. In the early 21st century, this annual event has attracted considerable attention and controversy, because of efforts to prevent abuse of horses that
Tennessee Walking Horse
19302335
Bud Dunn Emerson "Bud" Dunn (May 15, 1918 – January 11, 2001) was a Tennessee Walking Horse trainer from Kentucky who spent most of his career in northern Alabama. He trained horses for over forty years and won his first Tennessee Walking Horse World Grand Championship at age 74 with Dark Spirit's Rebel; at the time, he was the oldest rider to win the honor. He was inducted into the Tennessee Walking Horse Hall of Fame in 1987 and named trainer of the year in 1980 and 1991. In 1999 at age 81, Dunn surpassed his own record for the
Bud Dunn