who decides if puerto rico becomes a state
Congress
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Admission to the Union The Admission to the Union Clause of the United States Constitution, often called the New States Clause, found at Article IV, Section 3, , authorizes the Congress to admit new states into the United States beyond the thirteen already in existence at the time the Constitution went into effect. The Constitution went into effect on June 21, 1788, after ratification by 9 of the 13 states, and the federal government began operations under it on March 4, 1789. Since then, 37 additional states have been admitted into the Union. Each new state has been admitted on
Admission to the Union
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the Puerto Rico State Elections Commission to inform voters in all authorized plebiscites that if Puerto Rico retains its current status or is admitted as a State: (1) any official language requirements of the Federal Government shall apply to Puerto Rico to the same extent as throughout the United States (regardless of the fact that English is already an official language in Puerto Rico); and (2) it is the Sense of Congress that the teaching of English be promoted in Puerto Rico in order for English-language proficiency to be achieved"; regardless of the fact that English is already taught in
Puerto Rico Democracy Act
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Puerto Rico under the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution. If the majority of Puerto Ricans were to choose the Free Association option – and only 33% voted for it in 2012 – and if it were granted by the U.S. Congress, Puerto Rico would become a Free Associated State, a virtually independent nation. It would have a political and economical treaty of association with the U.S. that would stipulate all delegated agreements. This could give Puerto Rico a similar status to Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau, countries which currently have a Compact of Free Association with the
51st state
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the majority of Puerto Ricans were to choose Free Associated State option—only 33% voted for it in 2012—and if it were granted by the U.S. Congress, Puerto Rico would become a Free Associated State—a virtually independent nation. It would have a political and economical treaty of association with the U.S. that would stipulate all delegated agreements. This could give Puerto Rico a similar status to Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau, countries which currently have a Compact of Free Association (agreement) with the United States. The agreement between the U.S. and Puerto Rico might cover topics such as the role
Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
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Representative Pedro Pierluisi introduced the Puerto Rico Status Resolution Act to the House of Representatives asking Congress to admit Puerto Rico as the 51st State. The previous plebiscites provided voters with three options: statehood, free association, and independence. The Puerto Rican status referendum, 2017 will offer only two options: Statehood and Independence/Free Association. If the majority vote for the latter, a second vote will be held to determine the preference: full independence as a nation or associated free state status with independence but with a "free and voluntary political association" between Puerto Rico and the United States. The specifics of
Puerto Rico political status plebiscites
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Rico under the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution. If this status were granted, Puerto Rico would become the 51st state of the United States. The state would have due representation in the United States Congress with full voting rights; Puerto Rico would be represented in the Senate by two senators and the size of its delegation to the House of Representatives would be determined by its population (Connecticut, which has a similar population, currently has five representatives). Similarly, Puerto Rico would get a population-dependent number of electors to the electoral college for the Presidency (cf. Connecticut's current seven
Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
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electors). Federal taxes would apply on the island. The apportionment of federal aid to the island would be handled as for other states (increased). The outcome of the referendum will not offer any benefit unless the US Congress agrees to implement the change desired by Puerto Ricans. If the majority of Puerto Ricans were to choose this option - and only 33% voted for it in 2012 - and if it were granted by the US Congress, Puerto Rico would become a Free Associated State. This could give Puerto Rico a similar status to Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau,
Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
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Assembly of Puerto Rico enacted a concurrent resolution requesting the President and the Congress of the United States to respond diligently and effectively on the demand of the people of Puerto Rico to end its current political status and to begin the transition of Puerto Rico to become a state of the union. In 2014, resolutions were introduced in both houses of the United States Congress (H.R. 2000; S. 2020) to hold a yes-or-no referendum among the residents of Puerto Rico on statehood. If a "yes" majority prevailed, the President would have been required to submit legislation to Congress enacting
Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
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Medicaid funding it would receive if it were a U.S. state. Also, Medicare providers receive less-than-full state-like reimbursements for services rendered to beneficiaries in Puerto Rico, even though the latter paid fully into the system. While a state may try an individual for the same crime he/she was tried in federal court, this is not the case in Puerto Rico. Being a U.S. territory, Puerto Rico's authority to enact a criminal code derives from Congress and not from local sovereignty as with the states. Thus, such a parallel accusation would constitute double jeopardy and is constitutionally impermissible. In 1992, President
Puerto Rico
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first person to receive a Puerto Rican citizenship certificate from the Puerto Rico Department of State. Since 2007, the Government of Puerto Rico has been issuing "Certificates of Puerto Rican Citizenship" to anyone born in Puerto Rico or to anyone born outside of Puerto Rico with at least one parent who was born in Puerto Rico. On April 12, 1900, the United States Congress enacted the Foraker Act of 1900, which replaced the governing military regime in Puerto Rico with a civil form of government. Section VII of this act created a Puerto Rican citizenship for the residents "born in
Puerto Rican citizenship
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The Party supports the right of American citizens in Puerto Rico to solicit membership into the American Union as a fully sovereign state if they so elect. It recognizes that Congress has the final authority to define the constitutionally valid options for Puerto Rico to achieve a permanent non-territorial status with government consent and full enfranchisement. In November 2012 Puerto Ricans voted against the current territorial status and in favor of statehood in the plebiscite held on November 6, 2012. There was a voter turnout of 78.0%, and 61.1% of those voting expressed their desire that Puerto Rico become a
Puerto Rico Republican Party
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as of March 2014. SDF’s are authorized by state and federal law and are under the command of the governor of each state. The US Congress recognized the need for governors and States to keep military troops even if the President calls the state National Guard for federal military service. For that reason, the Congress authorize the SDF’s under Title 32 of the United States Code. The PRSG is the State Defense Force (SDF) of Puerto Rico and has the capability to support the Puerto Rico National Guard (PRNG) Operations in security operations, engineering, transportation, chaplaincy, emergency management, legal, and
Puerto Rico State Guard
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- and only 33% voted for it in 2012 - and if it were granted by the US Congress, Puerto Rico would become a Free Associated State, a virtually independent nation. It would have a political and economical treaty of association with the U.S. that would stipulate all delegated agreements. This could give Puerto Rico a similar status to Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau, countries which currently have a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Those Free Associated States use the American dollar, receive some financial support and the promise of military defense if they refuse military
Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
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as a State." President Obama pledged to respect the will of the people of Puerto Rico "if there was a clear majority." A December 2012 statement clarifying the Obama administration’s position on the status plebiscite results stated, "the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved, and a majority chose statehood." A previous White House statement had said, "Now is the time for Congress to act and the administration will work with them [with Congress] on that effort so that the people of Puerto Rico can determine their own future." On April 10, 2013, President Obama moved on
Puerto Rico political status plebiscites
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H. W. Bush issued a memorandum on November 30, 1992, to heads of executive departments and agencies, establishing the current administrative relationship between the federal government and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. This memorandum directs all federal departments, agencies, and officials to treat Puerto Rico administratively as if it were a state insofar as doing so would not disrupt federal programs or operations. The December 2007 Report by the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status reiterated its prior 2005 recommendation that Congress provide for a federally sanctioned plebiscite in order that the people of Puerto Rico could express their
2012 Puerto Rican status referendum
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bill that would allow the Governor to draft a state constitution and hold elections to choose senators and representatives to the federal Congress. Regardless of the outcome of the referendum or the bill on drafting a constitution, Congress will be the body to make the final decision on the status of Puerto Rico. Regardless of the outcome of either vote, action by the United States Congress would be necessary to implement changes to the status of Puerto Rico under the Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution. If the majority of Puerto Ricans were to choose the Free Association option
Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
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founding member Pedro Pierluisi were elected Governor and Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, respectively. On November 11, 2008, Governor-elect Fortuño appointed former PRSSA president Kenneth McClintock as Secretary of State of his upcoming administration. On January 2, 2009, Fortuño was sworn in as the ninth elected Governor of Puerto Rico and McClintock was sworn in as the 22nd Secretary of State of Puerto Rico. Following the election, the PRSSA began lobbying Congress for a self-determination referendum for Puerto Rico. The PRSSA then held a reception on January 19, 2009, with Puerto Rico State Secretary Kenneth McClintock and Puerto Rico Senate
Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association
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the judicial branch are appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate. Puerto Rico is represented in the United States Congress by a nonvoting delegate, the Resident Commissioner, currently Jenniffer González. Current congressional rules have removed the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but the Commissioner can vote in committee. Puerto Rican elections are governed by the Federal Election Commission and the State Elections Commission of Puerto Rico. While residing in Puerto Rico, Puerto Ricans cannot vote in U.S. presidential elections, but they can vote in primaries. Puerto Ricans who become residents
Puerto Rico
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the island, the independence impulse has never translated in the polls." The Democratic Party in the United States asserted in its 2012 platform that it "will continue to work on improving Puerto Rico's economic status by promoting job creation, education, health care, clean energy, and economic development on the Island." The Republican Party asserts that it "support[s] the right of the United States Citizens of Puerto Rico to be admitted to the Union as a fully sovereign state if they freely so determine," that Congress should "define the constitutionally valid options for Puerto Rico" to gain permanent non-territorial status, and
Independence movement in Puerto Rico
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United States. Those Free Associated States use the American dollar, receive some financial support and the promise of military defense if they refuse military access to any other country. Their citizens are allowed to work in the U.S. and serve in its military. On June 11, 500,000 Puerto Ricans voted for statehood, 7,600 voted for independence, and 6,700 voted for status quo. On June 27, 2018, Jenniffer González-Colón, Puerto Rico's non-voting member of Congress, introduced the Puerto Rico Admission Act of 2018 (HR 6246) to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a US state. The legislation would create a taskforce
51st state
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benefits to statehood include increased disability benefits and Medicaid funding as well as the higher (federal) minimum wage. Currently, residents of Puerto Rico only have to pay federal income taxes on work performed in the US states and District of Columbia, and not at home, unless working for the U.S. Government. This benefit could go away if Puerto Rico becomes a state. U.S. corporations that currently operate there as controlled foreign corporations may relocate if Puerto Rico became a state and federal corporate taxes apply. Arguments against admitting Puerto Rico as a state include the failure of the Puerto Rican
Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
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Lieutenant Governor. In Wyoming, the secretary of state stands first in the line of succession. The highest-ranking officer after the governor of Puerto Rico is the Chief of Staff who is appointed by the governor himself rather than elected. In terms of line of succession, the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico acts as acting governor when the governor is temporarily disabled or unable to discharge his duties. If there is a permanent vacancy in the governorship, the Constitution of Puerto Rico establishes that the secretary becomes governor for the remainder of the term. The Secretary of State also serves
Lieutenant governor (United States)
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and social needs, including unemployment, marginalization, insolvency and poverty". Proposed political status for Puerto Rico The proposed political status for Puerto Rico encompasses the different schools of thought on whether Puerto Rico, currently a Commonwealth of the United States, should change its current political status. Although there are many differing points of view, there are four that emerge in principle: that Puerto Rico maintains its current status, becomes a state of the United States, becomes fully independent, or becomes a freely associated state. Even though Puerto Rico was granted local autonomy in 1952, it remains a territory of the United
Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
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Proposed political status for Puerto Rico The proposed political status for Puerto Rico encompasses the different schools of thought on whether Puerto Rico, currently a Commonwealth of the United States, should change its current political status. Although there are many differing points of view, there are four that emerge in principle: that Puerto Rico maintains its current status, becomes a state of the United States, becomes fully independent, or becomes a freely associated state. Even though Puerto Rico was granted local autonomy in 1952, it remains a territory of the United States. Its ambiguous status continues to spark political debates
Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
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then, if necessary, to district candidates with the largest proportion of the vote who have not been elected (sometimes called the "best loser" system). Elections in Puerto Rico Elections in Puerto Rico are guaranteed by Article VI of the Constitution of Puerto Rico and the Electoral Code of Puerto Rico for the 21st Century Act. All processes are overseen and managed in whole by the Puerto Rico State Elections Commission; an autonomous agency of the executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico. There are three types of electoral processes that occur in Puerto Rico: Citizens of the United States
Elections in Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico Highway 111 Puerto Rico Highway 111 is a long highway connecting Aguadilla, Puerto Rico at Puerto Rico Highway 2 and Puerto Rico Highway 115 to Utuado, Puerto Rico at Puerto Rico Highway 140. It is the main highway to Moca and San Sebastián, being a wide-lane highway before turning rural to its way to Lares, where it meets Puerto Rico Highway 129, which taking north goes to Arecibo and meets PR-2 and PR-22. In Lares, it becomes a divided avenue, replacing an old, narrow segment, but then becomes rural again. It continues to Utuado, crossing PR-10, and merging
Puerto Rico Highway 111
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2012 Puerto Rico Republican primary The 2012 Puerto Rico Republican primary took place on March 18, 2012. On January 18, 2012, Secretary of State Kenneth McClintock announced that seven candidates, including Newt Gingrich, Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum, Ron Paul and Rick Perry (who has since withdrawn and endorsed Gingrich) would be eligible to appear on the March 18 ballot unless they notified McClintock by February 17 of their desire not to compete in Puerto Rico. If a candidate received a majority of the votes, then the primary was to be winner-take-all, but if no candidate met the 50% threshold, its
2012 Puerto Rico Republican primary
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ranking Cabinet member in the line of succession, becomes acting governor until the governor's return. In decades past, when off-island gubernatorial travel was infrequent, the powers of the governorship rarely devolved upon the Secretary of State or other Cabinet officers. More accessible travel have turned the acting governorship a much more common occurrence. During recent times, not only Secretary of State frequently served as acting governor, but the Secretary of Justice, and Secretary of Treasury as well. Governor of Puerto Rico The Governor of Puerto Rico () is the head of government of Puerto Rico and, by its nature, constitutes
Governor of Puerto Rico
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the 2012 referendum. On May 15, 2013, non-voting Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi introduced the Puerto Rico Status Resolution Act () to the House of Representatives, which if passed would ask Puerto Rican voters if they want Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the United States. If the Puerto Rican people support statehood, the bill would direct the president to introduce legislation within 180 days to admit Puerto Rico as a state of the union. Pierluisi said that his bill is "distinct" but "consistent" with the White House’s proposal for a Puerto Rican vote. On June 17, 2013,
2012 Puerto Rican status referendum
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Puerto Rico Highway 115 Puerto Rico Highway 115, or PR-115, is a highway which follows the west coastline of Puerto Rico from south Añasco at PR-2 to near downtown Aguadilla, where it becomes Puerto Rico Highway 111 after intersecting PR-2 again. and is the primary route to the town of Rincón, Puerto Rico, a tourist and frequent destination of surfers in Puerto Rico and the United States. As it enters Rincón, PR-115 becomes a divided highway with one lane per direction, with the median filled of trees (similar to some of the medians found in freeways in the United States.
Puerto Rico Highway 115
12345703
only direct intersection in Las Piedras (Exit 21). It is two-lane per direction in Caguas and becomes rural in the municipality just before entering San Lorenzo, and after its confusing intersection with PR-203 it becomes a small two-lane per direction again for about 4 kilometers, and then becomes rural for the rest of its length. Puerto Rico Highway 183 Puerto Rico Highway 183 is a main highway which begins in the downtown/business area of Caguas, near Puerto Rico Highway 1 and ends in Puerto Rico Highway 198 in Las Piedras. Measuring near 25 kilometers, it is real rural parallel road
Puerto Rico Highway 183
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to repeal or amend any existing laws that have unequal application between Puerto Rico and the several States to phase in equality for Puerto Rico. Under this legislation (if passed), Puerto Rico would become incorporated (from its current unincorporated status) while equality with US States is phased in and Puerto Rico would fully become a US State by January 2021. The bill introduced into the House has bipartisan support with 37 cosponsors, including 22 Republicans and 15 Democrats. Jenniffer Gonzalez-Colon is the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico. The Resident Commissioner is elected by the people of Puerto Rico to serve
51st state
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musical biopic of all time. Puchi (Jennifer Lopez) talks about her late husband, salsa legend Héctor Lavoe "El Cantante De Los Cantantes" ("The singer of all the singers") (Marc Anthony), during a 2002 interview. Héctor Pérez leaves Puerto Rico, even though his father tries to persuade him not to go because if he does he'll lose a father. Héctor decides to go anyway against his father's will in an attempt to pursue his dreams. On his first night in the city he meets Eddie (Manny Pérez) and discovers the new sound of salsa flowing through the streets. He eventually becomes
El Cantante
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Meléndez. This cadre has led citizens and politicians alike to hold secretaries of state in high esteem regardless of their political affiliation. The Secretary of State is first in line to exercise the role of acting governor when the Governor of Puerto Rico is temporarily unavailable, whether because of being away from Puerto Rico or due to another temporary incapacity. The secretary of state is the only official who can automatically become governor if the elected governor is permanently incapable of remaining in office due to death, resignation, or conviction as part of an impeachment process. Prior to the adoption
Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
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the PPR's certification. Puerto Rican electoral law states that, if the commissioners don't reach a unanimous decision, the President of the Electoral Commission decides whether the Party gets registered. The party had an ambitious agenda, attempting to run for nearly all elected positions, including Governor, Resident Commissioner, and both State legislative houses (Senate and House of Representatives). On the 2008 elections, the PPR candidate Rogelio Figueroa obtained 2.77% of the votes. Since electoral law requires over 3% of votes to maintain the party charter, this result meant that the party would be decertified, until they completed the certification process for
Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party
17538102
Panamá, along with strong ties with its neighbors in the Caribbean Sea, particularly with the Dominican Republic and the United States Virgin Islands. Puerto Rico is restricted to join international organizations without the consent of the United States due to its current political status. However, due to its geographical and cultural nature, the U.S. Department of State allows Puerto Rico to be an observer in most international organizations to which it would potentially belong to if Puerto Rico were a sovereign state. Puerto Rico was denied observer status by the U.S. Department of State within the Community of Latin American
Foreign and intergovernmental relations of Puerto Rico
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U.S. citizenship in 1912 if it didn't make Puerto Rico a state. If they didn't become a state, U.S. citizenship would be interpreted as an attempt to block independence of the Puerto Ricans. For them, the promise of citizenship didn't affirm the promise of statehood, it excluded any considerations of independence. The act made Puerto Rico an "organized but unincorporated" United States territory, Puerto Ricans were also collectively given This implied that As U.S. citizens, conscription could be extended to the island. A few months later, 20,000 Puerto Rican soldiers were sent to the United States Army during the First
History of Puerto Rico
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alleging that if he had renounced his United States citizenship, then he also had renounced his right to vote in the local Puerto Rican elections. The Puerto Rican Supreme Court sided with Mari Brás, finding that "as a citizen of Puerto Rico" Mari Brás was eligible to vote. In "Lozada Colón v. U.S. Department of State" (1998), the plaintiff was a United States citizen, born in Puerto Rico and resident of Puerto Rico, who executed an oath of renunciation before a consular officer at the U.S. Embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. On April 23, 1998, the U.S. District Court
Juan Mari Brás
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Puerto Rico State Guard The Puerto Rico State Guard (PRSG) —— is the state defense force of Puerto Rico that operates under the sole authority of the governor of Puerto Rico who, in turn, delegates such authority to the Puerto Rico Adjutant General. The Guard's secondary purpose is to assume the state mission of the Puerto Rico National Guard in the event that the National Guard is mobilized. The first incarnation of the PRSG was created in 1941 in response to World War II and it disbanded in 1946. The PRSG is one of the few state defense forces of
Puerto Rico State Guard
311559
George H. W. Bush issued a memorandum to heads of executive departments and agencies establishing the current administrative relationship between the federal government and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. This memorandum directs all federal departments, agencies, and officials to treat Puerto Rico administratively as if it were a state, insofar as doing so would not disrupt federal programs or operations. Many federal executive branch agencies have significant presence in Puerto Rico, just as in any state, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Transportation Security Administration, Social Security Administration, and others. While Puerto Rico has its own
Puerto Rico
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Guard is deployed. The PRSG comprises retired, active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state. The PRSG is organized in the following subordinates units: The PRSG Military Academy offers specialized and general training to its soldiers. Some examples of training offered either at state or local levels include: Notes Citations Bibliography Puerto Rico State Guard The Puerto Rico State Guard (PRSG) —— is the state defense force of Puerto Rico that operates under the sole authority of the governor of Puerto Rico who, in turn, delegates such
Puerto Rico State Guard
316289
Military of Puerto Rico The military defense of Puerto Rico is the responsibility of the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris. Locally, Puerto Rico has its own National Guard, the Puerto Rico National Guard, and its own state defense force, the Puerto Rico State Guard, which, by local law, is under the authority of the Puerto Rico National Guard. The commander-in-chief of both forces is the governor of Puerto Rico, currently Ricky Rosselló, who delegates his authority to the Puerto Rico Adjutant General, currently Brigadier General Isabelo Rivera The Adjutant General, in turn, delegates the authority over
Military of Puerto Rico
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previously served as U.S. ambassador to El Salvador. As it is a territory of the United States of America, the defense of Puerto Rico is provided by the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris with the President of the United States as its commander-in-chief. Puerto Rico has its own Puerto Rico National Guard, and its own state defense force, the Puerto Rico State Guard, which by local law is under the authority of the Puerto Rico National Guard. The commander-in-chief of both local forces is the governor of Puerto Rico who delegates his authority to the Puerto
Puerto Rico
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1st Air Base Group The 1st Air Base Group of the Puerto Rico State Guard (1ABG-PRSG) — is the main unit of the Air State Guard of the Military Forces of Puerto Rico that operates under the sole authority of the governor of Puerto Rico who, in turn, delegates such authority to the Puerto Rico Adjutant General and to the Commanding General of the Puerto Rico State Guard. Along with Texas, California and New York, the Puerto Rico State Guard is one of the few SDFs that has an air division that embrace the Air Force culture. The 1st Air
1st Air Base Group
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origin, PR-172 becomes rural and enters downtown Cidra before continuing to its end at PR-156 in Comerío. It is mainly flat, and there are no precipices found in the rest of the highway. Puerto Rico Highway 172 Puerto Rico Highway 172 is a secondary highway that connects Caguas, Puerto Rico at PR-1 to downtown Cidra, Puerto Rico and continues its way to its end at Puerto Rico Road 156 in Comerio, Puerto Rico. It is a two-lane per direction road from Caguas to its border point to Cidra and rural all the way to Comerío. Puerto Rico Highway 172 has
Puerto Rico Highway 172
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new referendum on whether to continue its present form of commonwealth, or to have a different political status. If Puerto Ricans voted to continue as a commonwealth, the Government of Puerto Rico was authorized to conduct additional plebiscites at intervals of every eight years from the date on which the results of the prior plebiscite were certified; if Puerto Ricans voted to have a different political status, a second referendum would determine whether Puerto Rico would become a U.S. state, an independent country, or a sovereign nation associated with the U.S. that would not be subject to the Territorial Clause
Puerto Rico
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20 delegates were to be divided proportionally. On February 20, 2012, the Republican Party of Puerto Rico announced the six candidate names and their order on the ballot for the island's March 18 presidential primary. Prior to certification: In 2012 U.S. presidential candidate Rick Santorum was criticized during the runup to the Puerto Rican Republican primary for stating that if Puerto Rico opted to become a state, it would have to make English its primary language. As "The New York Times" reported: 2012 Puerto Rico Republican primary The 2012 Puerto Rico Republican primary took place on March 18, 2012. On
2012 Puerto Rico Republican primary
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But PR-115 is not a freeway; it is a rural highway mostly one lane per direction. It enters toward Downtown Rincón. The highway is subject to severe flooding when rain takes place. Puerto Rico Highway 115 Puerto Rico Highway 115, or PR-115, is a highway which follows the west coastline of Puerto Rico from south Añasco at PR-2 to near downtown Aguadilla, where it becomes Puerto Rico Highway 111 after intersecting PR-2 again. and is the primary route to the town of Rincón, Puerto Rico, a tourist and frequent destination of surfers in Puerto Rico and the United States. As
Puerto Rico Highway 115
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Puerto Rico Highway 165 Puerto Rico Highway 165, or PR-165, is the road that goes from Naranjito to Guaynabo. The highway passes by Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Dorado, Levittown, Cataño and Guaynabo. The PR-165 begins in the PR-164 (road from Naranjito to Corozal) and ends at San Patricio (near Caparra). From Naranjito to Toa Alta is a rural road. In Toa Baja becomes a divided highway. In Dorado the road is one lane in each direction and parallel to the northern coast of Puerto Rico. In Levittown becomes a divided highway before ending at San Patricio. In Cataño is a
Puerto Rico Highway 165
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that if Puerto Rico opted to become a state, it would have to make English its primary language. As the "New York Times" reported: Santorum opponent Mitt Romney's campaign issued a statement contrasting his position on the issue with Santorum's. "Puerto Rico currently recognizes both English and Spanish as the official languages of the commonwealth," Romney spokeswoman Andrea Saul said. "Gov. Romney believes that English is the language of opportunity and supports efforts to expand English proficiency in Puerto Rico and across America. However, he would not, as a prerequisite for statehood, require that the people of Puerto Rico cease
English language in Puerto Rico
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in that position, for an average 2.7 years in service. However, if the 12-year term of the first Secretary, Gov. Muñoz-Marín's only one is not taken into account, the average length of Sec. Sánchez-Vilella's successors falls to only 1.8 years. After Sánchez-Vilella's 12 years in office, Puerto Rico's second-longest serving Secretary of State was Norma Burgos under Gov. Pedro Rosselló, with Gov. Luis Ferré's sole appointee, Sec. Chardón, and Gov. Luis Fortuño's sole appointee, Sec. McClintock, tying for third longest serving. Secretary of State of Puerto Rico The Secretary of State of Puerto Rico () leads all efforts that promote
Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
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militia and assumes the state mission of the Puerto Rico National Guard in the event the Guard is mobilized. The PRSG comprises retired, active and reserve military personnel and selected professional persons who volunteer their time and talents in further service to their state. The modern PRSG reformed in 1976 by the virtue of the Military Code of Puerto Rico (Law Num. 62 from June 23, 1969 and amendments) and is considered the state-controlled branch of the PRNG. By law, the Puerto Rico State Guard is part of the Total Force and one of three components of the Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico State Guard
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del territorio de Puerto Rico será ciudadano de Puerto Rico"" ("Every person who possesses the nationality and is a citizen of the United States and resides within the jurisdiction of the territory of Puerto Rico shall be a citizen of Puerto Rico"). Since the summer of 2007, the Puerto Rico State Department has developed a protocol to grant Puerto Rican citizenship certificates to Puerto Ricans. Certificates of Puerto Rican citizenship are issued to any persons born on the island as well as to those born outside of the island that have at least one parent who was born on the
Puerto Rican citizenship
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government has a wider set of responsibilities than do U.S. State and local governments." As residents of Puerto Rico pay into Social Security, Puerto Ricans are eligible for Social Security benefits upon retirement but are excluded from the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) (Commonwealth of Puerto Rico residents, unlike residents of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and residents of the 50 States, do not receive the SSI), and the island actually receives less than 15% of the Medicaid funding it would normally receive if it were a state. However, Medicare providers receive less-than-full state-like reimbursements for services rendered to
Taxation in Puerto Rico
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Raúl Gándara Cartagena Raúl Gándara Cartagena (1895–1989) was fire chief in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and the first and longest-serving Commonwealth of Puerto Rico fire chief. He served from 1942 to 1972. In 1930, Raúl Gándara Cartagena entered the Ponce Fire Department as Commander. In 1942, the Puerto Rico Legislature created the "Servicio de Bomberos de Puerto Rico" (Puerto Rico Fire Service), and the governor of the island at the time, Rexford Guy Towell, selected Raúl Gándara—who at the moment was Captain of the Ponce Fire Corps—to become Puerto Rico's first state fire chief. Gandara was Puerto Rico state chief for
Raúl Gándara Cartagena
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Puerto Rico Department of State The Department of State of Puerto Rico (Spanish: "Departamento de Estado de Puerto Rico") is responsible of promoting the cultural, political, and economical relations between Puerto Rico and foreign countries, and other jurisdictions of the United States. It also carries out other administrative functions such as: The Department also keeps record of government appointments made by the Governor, promulgates the proclamations issued by it or by the Secretary of State, and provides assistance to people who visit the island with educational or research purposes through the Bureau for Cultural Exchange and Technical Cooperation of the
Puerto Rico Department of State
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federal government, Puerto Rico-based corporations that intend to send funds to the US, and some others also pay federal income taxes (for example, Puerto Rico residents who earned income from sources outside Puerto Rico). In addition, because the cutoff point for income taxation is lower than that of the US IRS code, and the per-capita income in Puerto Rico is much lower than the average per-capita income on the mainland, more Puerto Rico residents pay income taxes to the local taxation authority than if the IRS code were applied to the island. That occurs because "the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Taxation in Puerto Rico
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in the past offices in Chile, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Such agreements require permission from the U.S. Department of State; most, are simply allowed by existing laws or trade treaties between the United States and other nations which supersede trade agreements pursued by Puerto Rico and different U.S. states. At the local level, Puerto Rico established by law that the international relations which states and territories are allowed to engage must be handled by the Department of State of Puerto Rico, an executive department, headed by the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, who also serves as the territory's lieutenant
Puerto Rico
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cultural institution in Puerto Rico, 93 percent of respondents indicated that they would not relinquish Spanish as their language if Puerto Rico ever became a state of the American Union, even if the United States required English as the only official language of the Island. In a First Circuit Court of Appeals case "Igartúa v. United States", two of three members of the three-judge panel that dismissed the appeal on procedural grounds suggested in separate opinions that, in an "en banc" reconsideration, the United States could be required to extend full voting representation to the United States citizens in Puerto
Political status of Puerto Rico
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concluded and the PRNG returned, the State Guard was disbanded. Colonial governor and Gen. Esteves awarded a certificate to all the enlisted men, while those that served at least three years were also given a medal approved by the legislature. The modern PRSG reformed in 1976 following the approval of the Military Law of Puerto Rico it's considered the state controlled branch of the PRNG. This group was formed to provide Puerto Rico a trained and organized military force in the event of a state security emergency or if the National Guard is deployed. The PRSG is the state’s authorized
Puerto Rico State Guard
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for Federal benefits, such as pensions and access to the Federal military healthcare system. However, this prohibition did not prohibit DoD from sharing with the SDF (PRSG) any equipment or other resources acquired with Federal funds providing it furthers DoD missions.” The law also grant employment protection to any person that belongs to Puerto Rico State Guard and that because of it to be absent from employment, for State Active Duty or training. This major command was formed to provide Puerto Rico a trained and organized military force in the event of a state security emergency or if the National
Puerto Rico State Guard
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her White House home. In the "Fabulous Dream Adventure," the group sails to Iran to free the American hostages and fend off terrorists with Amy's Barbie doll. The dream becomes increasingly chaotic as Susan kills Betty and Rosalynn then threatens Amy, who fights back with her Barbie. The dream resolves with everyone alive and well. Amy realizes her dream is too big for her to handle herself, Susan apologizes to her mother, and the group decides to vacation in Puerto Rico before Amy wakes up and they must return to their normal lives. Patti By The Pool - (Nancy Reagan,
First Daughter Suite
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Puerto Rico Highway 167 Puerto Rico Highway 167 is one of the main highways in the San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo metropolitan area of Puerto Rico. Highway 167 starts at Puerto Rico Highway 165 in Levittown and goes until Puerto Rico Highway 156 in Comerío. It is two-lane per direction all through Cataño and a vast area of Bayamón, and becomes rural a couple of kilometers before entering Naranjito. During the rainy season this road is risky as there is chance of rock fall and debris onto the road. This occurs mainly due to an increase in the moisture content of the soil,
Puerto Rico Highway 167
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school studies in the Public School System of Puerto Rico. In 1977 he is admitted to the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. He excels as an undergraduate student and in 1980 enrolls in the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. During his medical studies he decides to become a Surgeon and in 1989 he joins the Puerto Rico Medical Center Surgery Residency Program. After being told that at that time becoming a Cardiovascular Surgeon was impossible and that he should forget about it; in 1989 he joins the Cardiovascular Surgery faculty at the University of Alberta in
Iván González Cancel
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the workplace. Through Act Number 83 of October 29, 1992, which amended Act Number 45, a board of directors was established and is appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico State Insurance Fund Corporation The Puerto Rico State Insurance Fund Corporation — (CFSE)—is a government-owned corporation of Puerto Rico that provides workers' compensation in Puerto Rico. The Corporation is headed by a board of directors appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico and subject to the advice and consent of the Senate of Puerto Rico. The State Insurance Fund was created by Act Number 45 adopted on April
Puerto Rico State Insurance Fund Corporation
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Puerto Rico Natural Resources Ranger Corps The Puerto Rico Natural Resources Ranger Corpss () is the law enforcement conservation officers for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Its primary mission is to protect endemic plants and animals of Puerto Rico, including those who are in danger of extinction, and also to prevent the introduction of animals and plants which might endanger the native species of Puerto Rico and prosecute any person who does so. Its headquarters are located at State Road PR-8838, Km. 6.3, El Cinco neighborhood, in San Juan. Guards Corps was created on June 29, 1977 by Act No.1
Puerto Rico Natural Resources Ranger Corps
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Puerto Rico also has a local National Weather Service station which provides forecasts and public warnings, as well as a local Puerto Rico Seismic Network which tracks seismic activity and provides public warnings. The local national guard is the Puerto Rico National Guard which has a branch for ground forces, the Puerto Rico Army National Guard, and another for aerial warfare, the Puerto Rico Air National Guard. The state defense force is the Puerto Rico State Guard under the sole jurisdiction of the governor. Both the Puerto Rico National Guard and the Puerto Rico State Guard are considered two of
Economy of Puerto Rico
9727252
Rico. During this decade, the PRNG also transitioned to the Joint Uniform Military Pay System (JUMPS). On May 1, 1983, González was named General Adjutant of Puerto Rico. The Adjutant General is the executive officer and commander of both the Puerto Rico National Guard and the Puerto Rico State Guard. The current Adjutant General is Brigadier General Isabelo Rivera who was appointed in January 2017 by Governor Ricardo Rosselló. Notes Citations Bibliography Puerto Rico National Guard The Puerto Rico National Guard (PRNG)——is the national guard of Puerto Rico. Its mission is to provide soldiers and airmen to the United States
Puerto Rico National Guard
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Taxation in Puerto Rico The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States and Puerto Ricans are US citizens. However, Puerto Rico is not a US state. Because of this, only Puerto Rican residents who are government employees, and those with income sources outside of the territory, pay federal income tax. All other employers and employees pay no federal "income" taxes. However, residents of Puerto Rico and businesses operating in Puerto Rico do pay some federal taxes, and the commonwealth's government has its own taxes as well. In July 2018, approximately 21% of the labor force on
Taxation in Puerto Rico
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Philadelphia Film Festival, who compared it with "Mean Girls" and "Clueless". Casi Casi Casi, Casi (English Translation: Almost Nearly) is a 2006 Puerto Rican film, written and directed by brothers Jaime and Tony Vallés. It was released in Puerto Rico in early 2007. The film takes place in a Catholic school in Puerto Rico, where the main character, Emilio, is infatuated with Jacklynne, the most popular girl in school. In an attempt to impress her and win her over, he decides to run for Student Council President, only to discover that Jacklynne herself will be his adversary. Emilio then devises
Casi Casi
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Former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney said: "I will support the people of Puerto Rico if they make a decision that they would prefer to become a state; that's a decision that I will support. I don't have preconditions that I would impose." President Barack Obama had also supported the referendum, writing, "I am firmly committed to the principle that the question of political status is a matter of self-determination for the people of Puerto Rico." The fourth Puerto Rico statehood referendum occurred on November 6, 2012. The result a 54% majority of the ballots cast against the continuation of the
Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
316245
Brennan, argued that any implicit limits from the Insular Cases on the basic rights granted by the Constitution (including especially the Bill of Rights) were anachronistic in the 1970s. President George H. W. Bush issued a memorandum on November 30, 1992 to heads of executive departments and agencies establishing the current administrative relationship between the federal government and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. This memorandum directs all federal departments, agencies, and officials to treat Puerto Rico administratively as if it were a state, insofar as doing so would not disrupt federal programs or operations. Puerto Rico does participate in the
Politics of Puerto Rico
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Jennifer González. The Board is headed by Puerto Rico Government Development Bank president Carlos M. García and day-to-day operations are headed by executive director David Alvarez. Although final decisions are made and PPP contracts signed by the Governor, the current chief executive has signed an Executive Order delegating that role to Secretary of State Kenneth McClintock, who has assumed the role of advocate of Puerto Rico's P3 process. Puerto Rico Public–Private Partnerships Authority The Puerto Rico Public–Private Partnerships Authority (P3A) ( (APPP)) is a government-owned corporation of Puerto Rico created in order to regulate public–private partnerships in Puerto Rico. Its
Puerto Rico Public–Private Partnerships Authority
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Javier González' resignation became effective on December 15, Suárez installed his team at the State Department. Víctor Suárez Meléndez Víctor A. Suárez Meléndez is a Puerto Rican lawyer and politician who was the 24th Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, as well as being the current executive director of the Puerto Rico Convention Center District Authority. Prior to his current position, Suárez served in various roles in public service, including as executive director of the Puerto Rico Ports Authority, as Secretary of Consumer Affairs, as deputy mayor of Carolina, and as Puerto Rico Chief of Staff. Before he joined the
Víctor Suárez Meléndez
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Puerto Rico governmental line of succession The Puerto Rico governmental line of succession defines who may become or act as Governor of Puerto Rico upon the incapacity, death, resignation, or removal from office (by impeachment and subsequent conviction) of a sitting governor or a governor-elect. Article IV of the Constitution of Puerto Rico establishes that when a vacancy occurs in the post of Governor said post shall devolve upon the Secretary of State, who shall hold it for the rest of the term and until a new governor has been elected and qualifies. In the event that vacancies exist at
Puerto Rico governmental line of succession
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Puerto Rico governmental line of succession The Puerto Rico governmental line of succession defines who may become or act as Governor of Puerto Rico upon the incapacity, death, resignation, or removal from office (by impeachment and subsequent conviction) of a sitting governor or a governor-elect. Article IV of the Constitution of Puerto Rico establishes that when a vacancy occurs in the post of Governor said post shall devolve upon the Secretary of State, who shall hold it for the rest of the term and until a new governor has been elected and qualifies. In the event that vacancies exist at
Puerto Rico governmental line of succession
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Puerto Rico State Insurance Fund Corporation The Puerto Rico State Insurance Fund Corporation — (CFSE)—is a government-owned corporation of Puerto Rico that provides workers' compensation in Puerto Rico. The Corporation is headed by a board of directors appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico and subject to the advice and consent of the Senate of Puerto Rico. The State Insurance Fund was created by Act Number 45 adopted on April 18, 1935, known as the Law of Compensation System for Occupational Accidents. Its purpose is to guarantee the constitutional right of all workers to be protected from health risks in
Puerto Rico State Insurance Fund Corporation
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in Seoul, South Korea. After graduating from Puerto Rico's Sacred Heart University in 1994, she served as the Sports Director of Puerto Rico's Department of Education Sports Magnet School, located at the Puerto Rico Olympic Committee training facilities in Salinas, Puerto Rico, obtained an MBA and began teaching business administration at Turabo University in Caguas, Puerto Rico. She is the daughter of former Superior Court Judge Elpidio Batista, who served a stint as President of the Puerto Rico Baseball Winter League, is divorced from former Puerto Rico Secretary of State Kenneth McClintock. They are the parents of two teenagers, Kevin
María Elena Batista
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in 1946 the building was transferred to the government of Puerto Rico, who turned it into the Escuela Libre de Música Ernesto Ramos Antonini. By 1955, the school was relocated and the building became the first headquarters of the Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, serving in that function until 1970. In the early 80s, the Puerto Rico Department of State converted the building into the Official Reception Center of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In 2010, management of the facility was turned to the Puerto Rico Convention District Authority, a government agency of Puerto Rico. The Convention District Authority manages a
Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico
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he was clearly a Puerto Rican citizen and therefore had every right to continue to reside, work, and, most importantly, vote in Puerto Rico. The State Department responded promptly, claiming that Puerto Rican citizenship did not exist independent of American citizenship, and in 1998, the department rescinded its recognition of his renunciation of citizenship. The official response to Mari Brás stated that Puerto Rican citizenship existed only as an equivalent to residency. However, the Puerto Rico State Department issues certificates of citizenship to people born outside of Puerto Rico to a Puerto Rican parent, including some people who may have
Statelessness
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sustain a lumber industry if the proper species were used, almost all wood used on the island is imported. Higher education suffers the same fate: Puerto Rico spends almost $800M per year on its state university even though none of its programs and schools appear in any prestigious ranking whatsoever. In addition, the system graduates about 50,000 students per year even though the labor market generates only about 6,000 jobs per year of which 25% of them require a college education. This effectively means that the Puerto Rican labor market has no demand for 97% of those who graduate with
Economy of Puerto Rico
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Grande, Guánica, Yauco, Guayanilla and Peñuelas. In this agricultural section, PR-2 provides access to some of Puerto Rico's southern beaches, such as Boqueron. The road is also within a few minutes' drive from the Guanica Dry Forest state park. As the road makes its way through the hills of Peñuelas' barrio Tallaboa, the ruins of the abandoned 1970s CORCO oil refinery as well as its PPG supplier are visible to the right. Puerto Rico Highway 2 provides access to many rural communities in this stretch of the road. As it approaches Ponce, PR-2 becomes an 8-lane divided highway again. Before
Puerto Rico Highway 2
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brands of "Ron del Barrilito" and "Alcholado Santa Ana" worldwide. The company's main offices are still located in the Hacienda Santa Ana with manufacturing facilities in Puerto Rico and in the Dominican Republic. Edmundo Fernández's office is located in the windmill tower built by his ancestor. In 1942, a single barrel, which is stored in the "cellar", was put aside with orders that it should only be opened when Puerto Rico becomes a free and independent nation. When and if that ever happens, the cask (barrel) will be taken to the town square in the center of Bayamon and its
Fernando Fernández (distiller)
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unincorporated territory, the commonwealth is restricted from joining international organizations without the consent of the United States due to its current political status. However, due to its geographical and cultural nature, the U.S. Department of State allows Puerto Rico to be an observer in most international organizations to which it would potentially belong to if Puerto Rico were a sovereign state. Entrepreneurship and research & development (R&D) is relatively young on the island but has become increasingly important for its economy due to its downturn. Companies like Neolpharma and Rock Solid Technologies possess significant R&D operations on the island. Regarding
Economy of Puerto Rico
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Javier González (politician) Javier Benito González Arroyo is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the acting Secretary of State of Puerto Rico from October 2015 until December 2015, after the resignation of David Bernier. Prior to that, he served as Deputy Secretary of State of Puerto Rico. He is a member of the Popular Democratic Party (PDP). On October 21, 2015 González, as Deputy Secretary of State, witnessed a deal with Taiwan that allowed citizens of both countries to obtain a driver's license in the other country. González served as acting Secretary of State of Puerto Rico from October
Javier González (politician)
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it becomes a tolled freeway until this section ends, becoming the western section of PR-199. This section begins at an intersection with PR-167, near the border with Bayamon. This segment passes through the Jesús Izcoa Moure Bridge and is a freeway until the junction with PR-148. It then continues as a non divide highway, and then becomes divided until its end at an intersection with PR-164 and PR-152. This entire segment was originally known as PR-147. Puerto Rico Highway 5 Puerto Rico Highway 5 is a main highway in the San Juan Metropolitan area which connects the cities of Cataño
Puerto Rico Highway 5
11090940
Ferdinand Mercado Ferdinand Mercado-Ramos is a former Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of State under Governor Sila Calderón from 2001 until 2004. His government service ended after Gov. Calderón appointed him as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico and his nomination was later withdrawn when it became apparent that he would not be confirmed by the Senate of Puerto Rico. Bachelor of Science in Psychology, University of Puerto Rico, 1978. Juris Doctor, Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Law, 1981. Postgraduate, Complutense University of Madrid. Mercado is one of the few Puerto Ricans who have
Ferdinand Mercado
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political historian, renounced his American citizenship before a consular agent in the United States Embassy of Venezuela. In December 1995, his loss of nationality was confirmed by the US Department of State. That same month, he requested that the Puerto Rico State Department furnish him with proof of his Puerto Rican citizenship. The request involved more than just a bureaucratic formality; Mari Brás tested the self-determination of Puerto Rico by trying to become the first Puerto Rican citizen who was not also an American citizen. Mari Brás claimed that as a Puerto Rican national born and raised in Puerto Rico,
Statelessness
9727191
Puerto Rico National Guard The Puerto Rico National Guard (PRNG)——is the national guard of Puerto Rico. Its mission is to provide soldiers and airmen to the United States Army and U.S. Air Force in national emergencies or when requested by the President of the United States, and to perform military operations at the state level or any other lawful service as requested by the governor of Puerto Rico. The PRNG responds to the Governor of Puerto Rico, who serves as its Commander in Chief and imparts orders with the Adjutant General acting as conduit, and its local mission is to
Puerto Rico National Guard
18833554
Guillermo Irizarry Guillermo Irizarry-Rubio (April 12, 1916 – November 21, 2017) was a Puerto Rican politician who served as the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico. Appointed by Governor Roberto Sánchez Vilella, he served from 1966 to January 2, 1969, when he was responsible and led the first transition team under the Puerto Rican Constitution to the opposing political party. Prior to serving as Secretary of State, which includes the role of Lieutenant Governor of Puerto Rico, Irizarry served as head of Puerto Rico's Bureau of the Budget. Guillermo Irizarry Rubio was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico on April 12,
Guillermo Irizarry
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Elections in Puerto Rico Elections in Puerto Rico are guaranteed by Article VI of the Constitution of Puerto Rico and the Electoral Code of Puerto Rico for the 21st Century Act. All processes are overseen and managed in whole by the Puerto Rico State Elections Commission; an autonomous agency of the executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico. There are three types of electoral processes that occur in Puerto Rico: Citizens of the United States residing in Puerto Rico can not vote for their head of state, the President of the United States, due to the political status of
Elections in Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico Adjutant General The Puerto Rico Adjutant General () is the Commander of the Puerto Rico National Guard. As the Adjutant General he is also the Senior Military Advisor to the Governor of Puerto Rico and oversees both State and Federal Missions of the Puerto Rico National Guard. He provides leadership and management in the implementation of all programs and policies affecting more than 10,500 citizen-soldiers and airmen, and civilian employees of the three components of the PR National Guard: Puerto Rico Army National Guard, Puerto Rico Air National Guard and Puerto Rico State Guard. It is the responsibility
Puerto Rico Adjutant General
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were rejected by the former governor of Puerto Rico Anibal Acevedo Vilá on a letter on January 24, 2006, who condemned the report and rejected "any efforts to turn the task force's recommendations into Congressional legislation." The former governor, among others, argued that the "Commonwealth" or, in some cases, "Enhanced Commonwealth" constructs are legitimate non-territorial options under U. S. constitutional and statutory law." In a letter sent by then-governor Acevedo-Vilá to the former U.S. Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice and the Bush Administration Co-Chairs of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status, the former governor stated that "if the
Presidential executive orders on the political status of Puerto Rico
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1959, Corine Rottschäfer. On November 7, 2011 Bodine represented Río Grande at Miss Universe Puerto Rico 2012 and beat out 38 other contestants for the title, gaining the right to represent Puerto Rico at Miss Universe. During her reign, Koehler and the Miss Universe Puerto Rico Organization were ridiculed for the fact that Bodine was of Dominican Republic and Dutch descent, not Puerto Rican. Pageant rules state that in order to compete participants must be citizens of Puerto Rico who have lived there for at least six months. Koehler was born in the Netherlands and moved to Puerto Rico at
Bodine Koehler
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The number listed first represents the principal consecrator. If a series of letters is under "Consecrators," then the consecrators were bishops from outside Puerto Rico (the list of foreign sees is at the bottom of the page). Historical list of the Catholic bishops of Puerto Rico This is a historical list of all Roman Catholic bishops whose sees were on the island of Puerto Rico, with links to the bishops who consecrated them. It includes only members of the Puerto Rican Episcopal Conference and their predecessors. From its establishment in 1531 until the erection of the diocese of Ponce in
Historical list of the Catholic bishops of Puerto Rico
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known as the "Bureau of the Budget", was created by Law 213 of May 12, 1942, during the administration of Governor Rexford Guy Tugwell, who was part of the brain trust of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and who was appointed as the last non-native Puerto Rican governor by Roosevelt. The Bureau was part of a package of new agencies created to provide the impoverished United States territory with a state-like government. Some of the new agencies included the Puerto Rico Planning Board, the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority and the Government Development Bank of Puerto Rico. It was created
Puerto Rico Office of Management and Budget
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relocated islanders. Between 1891 and 1895, Canary emigration to Puerto Rico was officially over 600 immigrants; if unrecorded or concealed immigration were taken into account, the number would be much larger. Canarian emigration to Puerto Rico in the 19th century is estimated at 2,733 people, mostly peasants desiring to farm their own land, who tended to settle in Puerto Rico in families or groups of families related to each other. Whole towns and villages in Puerto Rico were founded by Canarian immigrants, and their lasting influence of Canarian culture can still be heard in the Puerto Rican accent and seen
Isleño
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PR-2 through the new Puerto Rico Highway 63, another important intersection of Puerto Rico Highway 2. As it traverses the city of Mayaguez, PR-2 is the main road for access to the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez and the Mayaguez Zoo. Also, further south, PR-2 provides access to the Mayagüez Mall, which is Puerto Rico's third largest shopping center and several medical facilities. The road then continues south through the municipality of Hormigueros. Heading southeastward passed Hormigueros, PR-2 becomes a four-lane controlled-access freeway in its way to Ponce. It has several exits in the municipalities of San Germán, Sabana
Puerto Rico Highway 2
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local court system, headed by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. Supreme Court of Puerto Rico The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico — (TSPR)— is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States; being the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court—which by its nature
Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
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Supreme Court of Puerto Rico The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico — (TSPR)— is the highest court of Puerto Rico, having judicial authority to interpret and decide questions of Puerto Rican law. The Court is analogous to one of the state supreme courts of the states of the United States; being the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico the highest state court and the court of last resort in Puerto Rico. Article V of the Constitution of Puerto Rico vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court—which by its nature forms the judicial branch of the government of Puerto Rico. The
Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
13869673
Statehood movement in Puerto Rico The statehood movement in Puerto Rico aims to make Puerto Rico a state of the United States. Five referenda have been held on the topic, most recently in 2017. The population of Puerto Rico in 2015 was over three million people and larger than 21 states. In November 2012, a referendum, the fourth as of that date, was held. A full 54.00% voted "No" to maintaining the current political status. Of those who voted against remaining a Commonwealth, 61.11% chose statehood, 33.34% chose free association, and 5.55% chose independence. On December 11, 2012, the Legislative
Statehood movement in Puerto Rico