which gas has the highest concentration in our environment
nitrogen ,
1639877
Atmosphere of Earth The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation). By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water
Atmosphere of Earth
5314770
even as the germ theory of disease developed, society was slow to accept the idea that odors from sewers were relatively harmless when it came to the spread of disease. In most homes, sewer gas may have a slightly unpleasant odor, but does not often pose a significant health hazard. Residential sewer pipes primarily contain the gases found in air (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.). Often, methane is the gas of next highest concentration, but typically remains at nontoxic levels, especially in properly vented systems. However, if sewer gas has a distinct “rotten egg” smell, especially in sewage mains, septic
Sewer gas
13396313
collision between molecules - a random walk. In soil, a concentration gradient causes net movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration, this gives the movement of gas by diffusion. Numerically, it is explained by Fick's law of diffusion. Soil gas Soil gases are the gases found in the air space between soil components. The primary soil gases include nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen. The oxygen is critical because it allows for respiration of both plant roots and soil organisms. Other natural soil gases are atmospheric methane and radon. Some environmental contaminants below ground produce gas which diffuses through
Soil gas
300054
densities are highest and so most star formation occurs, and clusters usually disperse before they have had time to travel beyond their spiral arm. Open clusters are strongly concentrated close to the galactic plane, with a scale height in our galaxy of about 180 light years, compared to a galactic radius of approximately 50,000 light years. In irregular galaxies, open clusters may be found throughout the galaxy, although their concentration is highest where the gas density is highest. Open clusters are not seen in elliptical galaxies: star formation ceased many millions of years ago in ellipticals, and so the open
Open cluster
11608283
vapors can be ignited. At the same time it decreases the upper flammable limit or highest concentration at which the vapors can be ignited. When the total concentration of oxygen in the tank reaches about 11%, the upper and lower flammable limits converge and the flammable range disappears. Inert gas systems deliver air with an oxygen concentration of less than 5% by volume. As a tank is pumped out, it is filled with inert gas and kept in this safe state until the next cargo is loaded. The exception is in cases when the tank must be entered. Safely gas-freeing
Oil tanker
12595859
concentration at which the vapors can be ignited. At the same time it decreases the upper flammable limit or highest concentration at which the vapors can be ignited. When the total concentration of oxygen in the tank reaches about 11%, the upper and lower flammable limits converge and the flammable range disappears. Inert gas systems deliver air with an oxygen concentration of less than 5% by volume. As a tank is pumped out, it's filled with inert gas and kept in this safe state until the next cargo is loaded. The exception is in cases when the tank must be
Architecture of the oil tanker
2339339
environment. In general, the higher the concentration gradient across the gas-exchanging surface, the faster the rate of diffusion across it. Conversely, the thinner the gas-exchanging surface (for the same concentration difference), the faster the gases will diffuse across it. In the equation above, "J" is the flux expressed per unit area, so increasing the area will make no difference to its value. However, an increase in the available surface area, will increase the "amount" of gas that can diffuse in a given time. This is because the amount of gas diffusing per unit time (d"q"/d"t") is the product of "J"
Gas exchange
12994287
gas explosions in the UK in the 1980s Loscoe and Abbeystead. Building Research Establishment, British Standards, the Department of Environment and other regulatory bodies including ones in construction industry developed and published guidance for preventing gas ingress into building of these two gases in the UK. Their production in the environment are associated with coal seams, deposited river silt, sewage, landfill, and peat. In the case of landfill gas migration, the gas is produced by the organic materials in the waste degrading over time. Creating varying concentration over time ( typically 40 percent by volume and methane () typically 60
Gas protection
10104896
Waste converted the local 225-truck fleet to the clean-burning B20. Allied Waste was a member of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEEDS) Program which is outlined by the U.S. Green Building Council. John J. Zillmer, chairman and chief executive officer of Allied Waste, said, "Allied Waste has long been an active steward of our environment...we aim to employ environmentally responsible and sustainable practices." Allied Waste also implemented innovations such as gas-to-energy projects. Gas-to-energy converts waste gas from landfills into electricity which offsets conventional use of oil and natural gas. Allied Waste Industries Allied Waste Industries, Inc. was a
Allied Waste Industries
19784647
will diffuse from regions of higher concentration (partial pressure) to regions of lower concentration, and the rate of diffusion is proportional to the rate of change of the concentration. Tissues in which an inert gas is more soluble will eventually develop a higher dissolved gas content than tissues where the gas is less soluble. In this context, inert gas refers to a gas which is not metabolically active. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) is the most common example, and helium (He) is the other inert gas commonly used in breathing mixtures for divers. Atmospheric nitrogen has a partial pressure of approximately 0.78
Physiology of decompression
19784667
nuclei will not. Decompression bubbles appear to form mostly in the systemic capillaries where the gas concentration is highest, often those feeding the veins draining the active limbs. They do not generally form in the arteries provided that ambient pressure reduction is not too rapid, as arterial blood has recently had the opportunity to release excess gas into the lungs. The bubbles carried back to the heart in the veins may be transferred to the systemic circulation via a patent foramen ovale in divers with this septal defect, after which there is a risk of occlusion of capillaries in whichever
Physiology of decompression
12357993
an English medium Senior Secondary School. The school philosophy is illustrated in Rabindranath Tagore's words ""I was brought up in an atmosphere of aspiration, aspiration for the expansion of the human spirit. We in our home sought freedom of power in our language, freedom of imagination in our literature freedom of soul in our religious creeds, and that of mind in our social environment. Such an opportunity has given me confidence in the power of education which is one with life and only which can give us real freedom, the highest that is claimed for man, his freedom of moral
Tagore International School
16061022
with universities and health care sector has developed a method for environmental risk assessment and environmental classification of drugs. Environmental risk refers to the risk of toxicity to the aquatic environment. It is based on the ratio between predicted environmental concentration of the substance (PEC) and the highest concentration of the substance that does not have a harmful effect in the environment (PNEC). Environmental hazard expresses the inherent environmentally damaging characteristics of the substance in terms of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. The toxicity tests used are acute toxicity of fish, acute toxicity of Daphnia sp. and growth inhibition test of
Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant
18824037
exploration and exploitation of crude oil and natural gas which has led to numerous oil spillages, uncontrolled gas flaring, the opening up of our forests to loggers, indiscriminate canalisation, flooding, land subsidence, coastal erosion, earth tremors etc. Oil and gas are exhaustible resources and the complete lack of concern for ecological rehabilitation, in the light of the Oloibiri experience, is a signal of impending doom for the peoples of Ijawland. g. That the degradation of the environment of Ijawland by transnational oil companies and the Nigerian State arise mainly because Ijaw people have been robbed of their natural rights to
Kaiama Declaration
14438861
a sample in a sealed container, which forms as higher temperature and lower pressure allows gasses to come out of solution). Continuous measurements of methane concentration in seawater can be made by underway ships using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Large deposits of frozen methane, when thawing, release gas into the environment. In cases of sub-sea permafrost, the methane gas may be dissolved in the seawater before reaching the surface. However, in a number of sites around the world, these methane chimneys release the gas directly into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. In hydrocarbon exploration, gas chimneys revealed on seismic reflection
Methane chimney
20069099
to its combustion. As of 2009, energy-related CO emissions made up more than 80% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Flare and flash gas both contain GHGs and therefore contribute to their release into the atmosphere, estimates of their emission levels during petroleum production vary due to largely unmeasured release of flash gas and other forms of fugitive emissions. One study estimated a 40% increase in the atmospheric concentration of the GHG carbon dioxide (CO) is due directly to human activities since 1750. GHGs other than CO which are produced during petroleum operations are also a concern to the environment.
Flash-gas (petroleum)
2339337
familiar organisms: "e.g." carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen are exchanged across the cell membrane of methanogenic archaea. In nitrogen fixation by diazotrophic bacteria, and denitrification by heterotrophic bacteria (such as "Paracoccus denitrificans" and various pseudomonads), nitrogen gas is exchanged with the environment, being taken up by the former and released into it by the latter, while giant tube worms rely on bacteria to oxidize hydrogen sulfide extracted from their deep sea environment, using dissolved oxygen in the water as an electron acceptor. The exchange of gases occurs as a result of diffusion down a concentration gradient. Gas molecules move from
Gas exchange
9024739
Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution, describes which tracer gases can be used for this kind of testing and provides information about the chemical properties, health impacts, and ease of detection. Once the tracer gas has been added, mixing fans can be used to distribute the tracer gas as uniformly as possible throughout the space. To do a decay test, the concentration of the tracer gas is first measured when the concentration of the tracer gas is constant. Windows and doors are then opened and the concentration of the
Natural ventilation
3808023
environment, but the indoor total VOC (TVOC) concentrations can be up to five times higher than the VOC outdoor levels. New buildings especially, contribute to the highest level of VOC off-gassing in an indoor environment because of the abundant new materials generating VOC particles at the same time in such a short time period. In addition to new buildings, many consumer products emit VOCs, therefore the total concentration of VOC levels is much greater within the indoor environment. VOC concentration in an indoor environment during winter is three to four times higher than the VOC concentrations during the summer. High
Volatile organic compound
16058851
the environment of the least populous U.S. state, affecting the quality of air, water, soil and wildlife. Recently, concentration on degradation of air quality and damage to wildlife habitat has been emphasized by environmental activists. Development in Wyoming’s oil and gas industry is transforming what has historically been some of the cleanest air in the nation to some of the most polluted. Production of natural gas contributes to heightened ozone levels. Ozone is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms that is harmful to animals when present in the lower atmosphere. Winter months correlate with heightened ozone levels in the
Environmental issues in Wyoming
14202442
gas extraction industry in Aksu and Karamay is booming, with the West–East Gas Pipeline connecting to Shanghai. The oil and petrochemical sector account for 60% of Xinjiang's local economy. Containing over a fifth of China's coal, natural gas and oil resources, Xinjiang has the highest concentration of fossil fuel reserves of any region in the country. Xinjiang's exports amounted to 19.3 billion USD, while imports turned out to be 2.9 billion USD in 2008. Most of the overall import/export volume in Xinjiang was directed to and from Kazakhstan through Ala Pass. China's first border free trade zone (Horgos Free Trade
Xinjiang
18463042
to the partial pressure and then solving for the aqueous concentration which partitioned in the gas phase (CAH) and the concentration remaining in the aqueous phase (CA). The total concentration of gas in original sample (TC) is the sum of the concentration partitioned in the gas phase (CAH) and the concentration remaining in the aqueous phase (CA). TC = CAH + CA Henry's law states that the mole fraction of a dissolved gas (Xg) is equal to the partial pressure of the gas (pg) at equilibrium divided by Henry's law constant (H). Gas solubility coefficients are used to calculate Henry's
Headspace gas chromatography for dissolved gas measurement
25444
longest axis, and the flame gas flow-rates may be adjusted to produce the highest concentration of free atoms. The burner height may also be adjusted, so that the radiation beam passes through the zone of highest atom cloud density in the flame, resulting in the highest sensitivity. The processes in a flame include the stages of desolvation (drying) in which the solvent is evaporated and the dry sample nano-particles remain, vaporization (transfer to the gaseous phase) in which the solid particles are converted into gaseous molecule, atomization in which the molecules are dissociated into free atoms, and ionization where (depending
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
8753494
station was named for a bend in the Catawba River on which it was located. Riverbend was used as a cycling station and was brought on line to supplement supply when electricity demand was highest. Four gas-fired combustion turbine units were also housed on the site. The four gas-fired turbines were retired in October 2012. The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources is planning a consent order for Duke Energy plants on the lake which have left local groundwater contaminated with high levels of heavy metals such as arsenic and cobalt. The discharge has come from a lack
Mountain Island Lake
305263
bubbles back into the blood so that these excess gasses can be exhaled naturally through the lungs. Normobaric oxygen administration at the highest available concentration is frequently used as first aid for any diving injury that may involve inert gas bubble formation in the tissues. There is epidemiological support for its use from a statistical study of cases recorded in a long term database. An application of as a low-pressure breathing gas is in modern space suits, which surround their occupant's body with the breathing gas. These devices use nearly pure oxygen at about one-third normal pressure, resulting in a
Oxygen
2011281
environment in open circuit systems. The recovered gas is passed through a scrubber system to remove carbon dioxide, filtered to remove odours, and pressurised into storage containers, where it may be mixed with oxygen to the required composition for re-use. Different design criteria apply to SCBA rebreathers for use only out of the water: Mountaineering rebreathers provide oxygen at a higher concentration than available from atmospheric air in a naturally hypoxic environment. They need to be lightweight and to be reliable in severe cold including not getting choked with deposited frost. Both chemical and compressed gas oxygen have been used
Rebreather
6030562
as energy sources. Though the cytoplasm retains an osmotic equilibrium with the hypersaline environment, the cell maintains a high potassium concentration using many active transporters. Many "Halobacterium" species possess proteinaceous organelles called gas vesicles. Halobacteria can be found in highly saline lakes such as the Great Salt Lake, the Dead Sea, and Lake Magadi. "Halobacterium" can be identified in bodies of water by the light-detecting pigment bacteriorhodopsin, which not only provides the archaeon with chemical energy, but adds to its reddish hue as well. An optimal temperature for growth has been observed at 37 °C. "Halobacterium" may be a candidate
Halobacterium
6879184
Environment of Canada The environment is the subject of ministries at the federal and provincial level in Canada, with the current highest environmental government official being the national Minister of the Environment Catherine McKenna. Canada's large land mass and coastline make it very susceptible to any climate changes, so any contemporary changes of climate in the country are of national concern. Of the factors caused by human intervention that can affect this environment, activities that sustain the economy of Canada such as oil and gas extraction, mining, forestry and fishing are influential. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions in Canada
Environment of Canada
15785734
canceled seven permits for shale gas drilling. He declared "In our current state of knowledge, no one can tell that shale gas and oil extraction by hydraulic fracturing, the only technique known today, is free from serious risks to health and environment." On 5 November, 2012, despite a governmental study 'rapport Gallois' advising continuing study of new extraction methods of shale gas due to the groundwater pollution risks associated with hydraulic fracturing, French president François Hollande refused following pressure from the Green Party. France derives most of its electricity from nuclear power. As a result, the country often has a
Shale gas by country
13095252
Study showed that by mixing coal with biomass, we could reduce the amount of CO2 emitted. The concentration of CO2 in the flue gas is an important key to determine the efficiency of CO2 capture technology. The concentration of CO2 in the flue gas from the co-firing power plant is roughly the same as coal plant, about 15% [1].This means that we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel. Even though co-firing will have some energy penalty, it still offers higher net efficiency than the biomass combustion plants. Co-firing biomass with coal will result more energy production with less input
Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage
5893136
in a sealed chamber cooled with hydrogen gas, selected because it has the highest known heat transfer coefficient of any gas and for its low viscosity, which reduces windage losses. This system requires special handling during startup, with air in the chamber first displaced by carbon dioxide before filling with hydrogen. This ensures that a highly explosive hydrogen–oxygen environment is not created. The power grid frequency is 60 Hz across North America and 50 Hz in Europe, Oceania, Asia (Korea and parts of Japan are notable exceptions), and parts of Africa. The desired frequency affects the design of large turbines,
Thermal power station
12330637
Rosneft, it has developed in Russia, including the East-Prinovozemelsky field. In Australia, ExxonMobil held , including offshore. It also operates the Longford Gas Conditioning Plant, and participates in the development of Gorgon LNG project. In Papua New Guinea, it holds , including the PNG Gas project. ExxonMobil markets products around the world under the brands of Exxon, Mobil, and Esso. Mobil is ExxonMobil's primary retail gasoline brand in California, Florida, New York, New England, the Great Lakes and the Midwest. Exxon is the primary brand in the rest of the United States, with the highest concentration of retail outlets located
ExxonMobil
15534723
there is low concentration of gelling agent. High ammonium concentration also contributes to hyperhydricity. Hyperhydricity can be monitored by modifying the atmosphere of the culture vessels. Adjusting the relative humidity in the vessel is one of the most important parameters to be controlled. Use of gas-permeable membranes may help in this regard as this allows increased exchange of water vapor and other gases such as ethylene with the surrounding environment. Using higher concentration of a gelling agent, on top of the use of a higher-strength gelling agent may reduce the risk from hyperhydricity. Hyperhydricity can also be controlled by bottom
Hyperhydricity
16497645
(lipid) tissues of the brain where it can exert its effect. The potency of an anesthetic is associated with its lipid solubility which is measured by its oil/gas partition coefficient. Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) is defined as the alveolar concentration of anesthetic gas that prevents a movement response in half of subjects undergoing a painful (surgical) stimulus; simplified, it is the exhaled gas concentration required to produce anaesthetic effects - an inverse indicator of anesthetic gas potency. Partition coefficients at 37 °C. Blood–gas partition coefficient Blood–gas partition coefficient, also known as Ostwald coefficient for blood–gas, is a term used in
Blood–gas partition coefficient
15616995
TDCPP degrades slowly in the environment and is not readily removed by waste water treatment processes. TDCPP has been detected in indoor dust, although concentrations vary widely. A study of house dust in the U.S. found that over 96% of samples collected between 2002 and 2007 contained TDCPP at an average concentration of over 1.8 ppm, while the highest was over 56 ppm. TDCPP was also detected in 99% of dust samples collected in 2009 in the Boston area from offices, homes, and vehicles. The second study found an average concentration similar to that of the previous study but a
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate
13567486
having 5 volume % O is: when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference O content of 3 volume %. Note: The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured CO content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of CO: As an example, a measured particulates concentration of 200 mg/m in a dry gas that has a measured 8 volume % CO is: when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference CO content of 12 volume %. Air
Air pollutant concentrations
14849227
(LFLm). For instance, the fire and gas safety system on an offshore platform in the North Sea typically has detectors set to a full-scale reading of 5LFLm, with low and high alarms triggered at 1LFLm and 3LFLm respectively. An open path detector usually costs more than a single point detector, so there is little incentive for applications that play to a point detector's strengths: where the point detector can be placed at the known location of the highest gas concentration, and a relatively slow response is acceptable. The open path detector excels in outdoor situations where, even if the likely
Infrared open-path detector
16971653
were mistreatment of inmates of Allied nationality and participation in the selection of inmates for the gas chamber. Anna Klein (camp warden) Anna Friederike Mathilde Klein (née Plaubel, born 1900, date of death unknown) was a German concentration camp guard who was chief warden at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. On 14 September 1939, she arrived in Ravensbrück. In August 1943, she was promoted to the highest rank of "Chef Oberaufseherin" (Chief senior supervisor), with control and the responsibility of monitoring all of Ravensbrück camp. Klein reached the highest rank that the Nazis allowed a woman in a camp; she received
Anna Klein (camp warden)
19944014
and the city was "reduced to a ghost town with 14,000 buildings destroyed and a further 12,000 heavily damaged." The Congressional General Accounting Office team noted the extent to which residential districts were especially targeted by the army: Hargeisa, the second largest city in Somalia, has suffered extensive damage from artillery and aerial shelling. The most extensive damage appeared to be in the residential areas where the concentration of civilians was highest, in the marketplace, and in public buildings in the downtown area. The U.S. Embassy estimated that 70 percent of the city has been damaged or destroyed. Our rough
Isaaq genocide
16497643
Blood–gas partition coefficient Blood–gas partition coefficient, also known as Ostwald coefficient for blood–gas, is a term used in pharmacology to describe the solubility of inhaled general anesthetics in blood. The coefficient is defined as the ratio of the concentration in blood to the concentration in gas that is in contact with that blood, when the partial pressure in both compartments is equal. The coefficient, thence, has no units. The concentration of the anesthetic in blood includes the portion that is undissolved in plasma and the portion that is dissolved (bound to plasma proteins). The more soluble the inhaled anesthetic is
Blood–gas partition coefficient
15443600
of the compound under study. Understanding the influence of all this factors and their control is necessary for achieving an accurate standardization of breath sample collection and for the correct deduction of the corresponding blood concentration levels. The simplest model relating breath gas concentration to blood concentrations was developed by Farhi where formula_2 denotes the alveolar concentration which is assumed to be equal to the measured concentration. It expresses the fact that the concentration of an inert gas in the alveolar air depends on the mixed venous concentration formula_3, the substance-specific blood:air partition coefficient formula_4, and the ventilation-perfusion ratio formula_5.
Breath gas analysis
16574326
1985 new mathematical solutions for the simplified differential equations of galactic abundance evolution that for the first time rendered these relationships understandable, ending decades of poor reasoning about radioactive abundances. Clayton then calculated an age of 13-15 billion years for the oldest galactic nuclei, which would necessarily approximate the long-sought age of our galaxy. More recently radioactive cosmochronology has diminished in importance because more precise techniques for determining the age of the Milky Way have been discovered in the cosmic microwave background. Nonetheless, his analytic solutions demonstrated importantly that the concentration of short-lived radioactive nuclei in interstellar gas had routinely
Donald D. Clayton
12039315
can raise the combined gas concentration in the tissue to a supersaturation sufficient to cause the formation or growth of bubbles, without changes in the environmental pressure, and in particular, without concurrent decompression. Two forms of this phenomenon have been described by Lambertsen: Superficial ICD (also known as Steady State Isobaric Counterdiffusion) occurs when the inert gas breathed by the diver diffuses more slowly into the body than the inert gas surrounding the body. An example of this would be breathing air in an heliox environment. The helium in the heliox diffuses into the skin quickly, while the nitrogen diffuses
Isobaric counterdiffusion
16152873
pollution as waste gas is not expelled to the environment. However, they require a high initial gas flow in order to prime the full length of the system with the desired concentration of gases. The first circle system was introduced by Bryan Sword in 1950. Breathing circuit A breathing system or breathing circuit is a medical device used to deliver oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, and deliver inhalational anaesthetic agents to a patient. Originally developed for use in anaesthesiology, many variants of breathing system are in clinical use, but most comprise a source of fresh gas flow, a length of breathing
Breathing circuit
2339338
a region in which they are at high concentration to one in which they are at low concentration. Diffusion is a passive process, meaning that no energy is required to power the transport, and it follows Fick’s Law: In relation to a typical biological system, where two compartments ('inside' and 'outside'), are separated by a membrane barrier, and where a gas is allowed to spontaneously diffuse down its concentration gradient: Fig. 1. Fick's Law for gas-exchange surface Gases must first dissolve in a liquid in order to diffuse across a membrane, so all biological gas exchange systems require a moist
Gas exchange
19039143
plants in this genus. The seeds themselves do not produce any capsaicin, although the highest concentration of capsaicin can be found in the white pith around the seeds. The amount of capsaicin in the fruit is highly variable and dependent on genetics and environment, giving almost all types of "Capsicum" varied amounts of perceived heat. The most recognizable "Capsicum" without capsaicin is the bell pepper, a cultivar of "Capsicum annuum", which has a zero rating on the Scoville scale. The lack of capsaicin in bell peppers is due to a recessive gene that eliminates capsaicin and, consequently, the "hot" taste
Capsicum
12938175
donating flask causes the fluid to flow through the cannula. The main drawback of vacuum transfer is that if there are any leaks, air will be drawn into the system and spoil the air-free environment. Loss of the fluid by evaporation is another problem, though less so where the fluid is a neat liquid, than a solution of known concentration. The two ends of the cannula are connected similarly. The receiving flask is connected to its own gas bubbler, while the donating flask is connected to a source of inert gas. By increasing the inert gas pressure, the pressure within
Cannula transfer
12999444
Limiting oxygen concentration The limiting oxygen concentration, (LOC), also known as the minimum oxygen concentration, (MOC), is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen. The LOC varies with pressure and temperature. It is also dependent on the type of inert (non-flammable) gas. The effect of increasing the concentration of inert gas can be understood by viewing the inert as thermal ballast that quenches the flame temperature to a level below which the flame cannot exist. Carbon dioxide is
Limiting oxygen concentration
7099672
pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured CO content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of CO: Thus, a measured particulates concentration of 0.1 grain per dscf in a gas that has 8 volume % CO is<br> 0.1 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 0.15 grain per dscf when corrected to a gas having a specified reference CO content of 12 volume %. Notes: Useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling Various governmental agencies involved with environmental protection and with occupational safety and health have promulgated regulations limiting
Useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling
16464491
Mesorhabditis acidophila Mesorhabditis acidophila is a species of nematode that has been discovered by Borgonie "et al." in 2010. This nematode has the exceptional capacity to survive in extreme acidic conditions. The most prominent reason for the adaptation of this species to such an environment is to escape predators. This species was first found in a cave called Cueva de Villa Luz in Tabasco, Mexico. The cave was filled with approximately 32 subterranean springs that rise from the floor; some of them contain a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS). HS is a highly acidic gas that lowers the acidity
Mesorhabditis acidophila
16464494
of this species. Mesorhabditis acidophila Mesorhabditis acidophila is a species of nematode that has been discovered by Borgonie "et al." in 2010. This nematode has the exceptional capacity to survive in extreme acidic conditions. The most prominent reason for the adaptation of this species to such an environment is to escape predators. This species was first found in a cave called Cueva de Villa Luz in Tabasco, Mexico. The cave was filled with approximately 32 subterranean springs that rise from the floor; some of them contain a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS). HS is a highly acidic gas that
Mesorhabditis acidophila
2727019
main enzyme responsible for deactivation GA in rice. The Gamt1 and gamt2 genes encode enzymes that methylate the C-6 carboxyl group of GAs. In a gamt1 and gamt2 mutant, concentrations of GA is developing seeds is increased. Feedback and feedforward regulation maintains the levels of bioactive GAs in plants. Levels of "AtGA20ox1" and "AtGA3ox1" expression are increased in a GA deficient environment, and decreased after the addition of bioactive GAs, Conversely, expression of "AtGA2ox1" and "AtGA2ox2", GA deactivation genes, is increased with addition of GA. The auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) regulates concentration of GA1 in elongating internodes in peas. Removal
Gibberellin
12327349
on foreign oil was "a major strategic vulnerability, a serious threat to our security, our economy and the well-being of our planet," explicitly connecting energy independence with national security, climate change, and the environment. In 2008, he said that this dependence "has been thirty years in the making, and was caused by the failure of politicians in Washington to think long term about the future of the country." McCain generally supported increased energy efficiency, but did not announce specific targets. He had called for raising gas mileage standards to 35 mpg. "I believe there needs to be a thorough and
Political positions of John McCain
13996135
and improve environmental quality without disturbing our energy supply. The EPA has created over 40 programs and policies towards helping to deal with biofuels and greenhouse gases as well as find ways to be more energy efficient and help to slow down climate change. Their climate programs provide models and processes to inventory greenhouse gas emissions and evaluate the effects of global change on the environment, human heath, and the US economy. Similarly, the EPA has also created the Clean Cities Program which supports public and private partnerships that organize clean burning alternative fuel vehicles and help to create the
EPA Sustainability
16935294
solid in a normal room temperature environment, was shown to exhibit many microstructural features which are similar to those observed in metals and ceramics at temperatures approaching their melting points. An investigation was made of factors affecting a costly brittleness condition known as "sandiness" which occurred in manufactured blocks of dry ice (polycrystalline solid carbon dioxide). The sandiness was found to be highly dependent on specific manufacturing and storage conditions that cause excessive grain growth which leads to a concentration of gas filled pores in the decreasing grain boundary regions. Best paper and presentation for "Compliant Bonding" at the 20th
Alexander Coucoulas
12999446
oxygen concentration is a necessary parameter when designing hypoxic air fire prevention systems. Monographs Limiting oxygen concentration The limiting oxygen concentration, (LOC), also known as the minimum oxygen concentration, (MOC), is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen. The LOC varies with pressure and temperature. It is also dependent on the type of inert (non-flammable) gas. The effect of increasing the concentration of inert gas can be understood by viewing the inert as thermal ballast that quenches the
Limiting oxygen concentration
387526
than this and so will be the limiting factor of the dive. In practice, dive times for rebreathers are more often influenced by other factors, such as water temperature and the need for safe ascent (see Decompression (diving)), and this is generally also true for large-capacity open-circuit sets. Scuba sets contain breathing gas at high pressure. The stored energy of the gas can do considerable damage if released in an uncontrolled manner. The highest risk is during charging of cylinders, but injuries have also occurred when cylinders have been stored in excessively hot environment, which can increase the gas pressure,
Scuba set
12438126
American Public Gas Association The American Public Gas Association (APGA) is a not for profit trade organization representing America's publicly owned, natural gas local distribution companies (LDCs). APGA represents the interests of public gas before the United States Congress, federal agencies and other energy-related stakeholders by developing regulatory and legislative policies that further the goals of our members. Through APGA, public gas systems work together to stay informed about new developments in safety, public policy, operations, technology, and the marketplace. APGA organizes meetings, seminars, and workshops to improve reliability, operational efficiency, and the regulatory environment. The American Public Gas Association
American Public Gas Association
7425477
Renewable natural gas Renewable Natural Gas (RNG), also known as Sustainable Natural Gas (SNG) or biomethane, is a biogas which has been upgraded to a quality similar to fossil natural gas and having a methane concentration of 90% or greater. A biogas is a gaseous form of methane obtained from biomass. By upgrading the quality to that of natural gas, it becomes possible to distribute the gas to customers via the existing gas grid within existing appliances. Renewable natural gas is a subset of synthetic natural gas or substitute natural gas (SNG). Renewable natural gas can be produced and distributed
Renewable natural gas
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designated as the "wet basis" pollutant concentration. The following equation can be used to correct the measured "wet basis" concentration to a "dry basis" concentration: As an example, a wet basis concentration of 40 ppmv in a gas having 10 volume percent water vapor would have a: The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a measured O content to an equivalent pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a specified reference amount of O: As an example, a measured NOx concentration of 45 ppmv in a dry gas
Air pollutant concentrations
1488477
facing chemists at that time. Haber was a patriotic German who was proud of his service during World War I, for which he was decorated. He was even given the rank of captain by the Kaiser, which Haber had been denied 25 years earlier during his compulsory military service. In his studies of the effects of poison gas, Haber noted that exposure to a low concentration of a poisonous gas for a long time often had the same effect (death) as exposure to a high concentration for a short time. He formulated a simple mathematical relationship between the gas concentration
Fritz Haber
165441
In seawater, the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion. There are also small amounts in mineral springs, volcanic gas, and meteoric iron. Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas, the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas, from which most commercial helium is extracted. The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7% in a small gas field in San Juan County, New Mexico. For large-scale use, helium is extracted by fractional distillation from natural gas, which can contain as
Helium
20266684
effects. Metabolically inactive gases are absorbed by the tissues and may have narcotic or other undesirable effects, and must be released slowly to avoid the formation of bubbles during decompression. Metabolically active gases have a greater effect in proportion to their concentration, which is proportional to their partial pressure, which for contaminants is increased in proportion to absolute ambient pressure. Work of breathing is increased by increased density of the breathing gas, artifacts of the breathing apparatus, and hydrostatic pressure variations due to posture in the water. The underwater environment also affects sensory input, which can impact on safety and
Physiology of underwater diving
12477036
of oxygen into the environment. Initially, oxygen levels did not increase substantially in the atmosphere. The oxygen quickly reacted with iron and other minerals in the surrounding rock and ocean water. Once a saturation point was reached for the reactions in rock and water, oxygen was able to exist as a gas in its diatomic form. Oxygen levels in the atmosphere increased substantially afterward. As a general trend, the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere has risen gradually over about the last 2.5 billion years. Oxygen levels seem to have a positive correlation with diversity in eukaryotes well before the
Cambrian explosion
20464164
the Ministry of Ecology of Moscow Oblast, the operating company frequently violated project requirements, leaving waste uncovered with soil layers and not using any waste treatment and landfill gas capturing technologies. All these violations have led to a serious impact on the environment. A leachate has leaked to groundwater; people feel the poisoning stink of landfill gases every day; flocks of seagulls put at risk functioning of a local aerodrome. The smell affect to visitors of Tchaikovsky State House-Museum. In 2017, The Emergency Situations Ministry detected that the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the air exceeded a threshold limit value
Aleksinsky Quarry
5809525
in the microbial environment is very low. Maintaining a low hydrogen concentration is important because the anaerobic fermentative process becomes increasingly thermodynamically unfavorable as the partial pressure of hydrogen increases. A key difference compared to other biogeochemical cycles is that because of its low molecular weight hydrogen can leave Earth's atmosphere. It has been suggested that this occurred on a grand scale in the past and that this is why today the Earth is mostly irreversibly oxidised. H is a trace, secondary greenhouse gas that interferes with the removal of methane. H interacts with hydroxyl radicals (•OH), reducing them to
Hydrogen cycle
14849226
measurement and prevent false alarms. The measured quantity is the sum of all the gas along the path of the beam, sometimes termed the "path-integral concentration" of the gas. Thus the measurement has a natural bias (desirable in many applications) towards the total size of an unintentional gas release, rather than the concentration of the gas that has reached any particular point. Whereas the natural units of measurement for an Infrared point sensor are parts-per-million (ppm) or the percentage of the lower flammable limit (%LFL), the natural units of measurement for an open path detector are "ppm.metres" (ppmm) or "LFL.metres"
Infrared open-path detector
14654085
may diffuse in either direction depending on the concentration gradient between the two layers. Gases may react chemically during transport into the bloodstream. Estimates of the resistance for gas mucus and tissue in the terminal bronchioles for , , and CO show that has the quickest uptake due to its high aqueous solubility and very low resistance of mucus and tissue layers. Ozone and CO, have lower aqueous solubilities and higher resistance to mass transfer. Ozone is the most reactive, reducing mass transfer into tissue and blood. CO has the slowest uptake and the highest resistance into the terminal bronchioles.
Inhalation exposure
6474837
being effective in concentrations of over 20–40 mg.min/m. It is considered very safe, with high differences between effective and toxic concentrations. At one time it was reportedly used as food seasoning with no reported adverse effects. However, its effectiveness when used alone is rather low even in the highest permitted concentration, so it is almost always used in combination with CR gas or CS gas, commonly referred to as tear gas. In that combination, this blend is effective even against dogs and people under influence of alcohol or other drugs. Its effect usually lasts for 15–30 minutes. MPK blends with
4-Nonanoylmorpholine
14039045
Manchester from January 2002. The whole £185m project, including the fields, was originally developed by Burlington Resources, who were bought by ConocoPhillips in 2006. The gas coming to the terminal is sour and contains high levels of nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide. Gas is transferred from here to the North Morecambe Terminal. Waste hydrogen sulphide is burned to produce sulphur dioxide and converted to liquid sulphuric acid which has industrial use. Operated by Centrica. Gas arriving here has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and nitrogen than the South Morecambe plant, and hence has to be treated in different processes, and
Rampside Gas Terminal
16095499
makes propane gas more available for public use by authorizing the sale of propane autogas through self-service pumps." Ortego himself said "It makes sense to promote the use of our own resources," Ortego said. "Louisiana is the No. 1 producer of natural gas and the No. 2 producer of propane in the United States. "The most important thing to me is that we could lead the nation in energy independence," he said. "It's clean burning, better for the environment and promotes our own energy industry." Ortego was narrowly unseated in his bid for a second term in the House in
Stephen Ortego
17787771
of transmembrane driving forces. Generally, the cause of concentration polarization is the ability of a membrane to transport some species more readily than the other(s) (which is the membrane permselectivity): the retained species are concentrated at the upstream membrane surface while the concentration of transported species decreases. Thus, concentration polarization phenomenon is inherent to all types of membrane separation processes. In the cases of gas separations, pervaporation, membrane distillation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration separations, the concentration profile has a higher level of solute nearest to the upstream membrane surface compared with the more or less well mixed bulk
Concentration polarization
16692526
transportation options for that year's National Environment Week. In 1992, the ERCB challenged three other energy companies in Calgary to a friendly competition to see which workplace had the highest percent of sustainable commuters. By 1995, the Calgary Challenge had mushroomed to include 25 workplaces, primarily oil and gas companies. Andrea Main drafted the original proposal for the challenge and coined the name "Commuter Challenge". In its inaugural year, the ERCB's Gas Department won the competition—the prize for which was the adoption of one acre of rainforest. Individual distance winners won T-shirts donated by Mountain Equipment Coop. At the same
Commuter Challenge
14530438
concentration in the gas is measured and converted into a reading of the gas concentration in the metal. This method is fast, reproducible and accurate, and can be used “on-line” on the cast shop floor. The amount of H in the gas loop of the instrument is determined by a thermal conductivity sensor, which provides high reproducibility and a broad measurement range. Hydrogen gas porosity Hydrogen gas porosity is an aluminium casting defect under the form of a porosity or void in an aluminium casting caused by a high level of hydrogen gas (H) dissolved in the aluminium at liquid
Hydrogen gas porosity
20489470
flammable gas, for instance as part of a start-up procedure. The system can be flushed with an inert gas to reduce the concentration of oxygen so that when the flammable gas is admitted, an ignitable mixture cannot form. In NFPA 56, this is known as "purge-into-service". In combustion engineering terms, the admission of inert gas dilutes the oxygen below the limiting oxygen concentration. Assume a closed system containing a flammable gas, which shall be prepared for safe ingress of air, for instance as part of a shut-down procedure. The system can be flushed with an inert gas to reduce the
Purging (gas)
2978388
is "Gas–liquid chromatography", referring to the mobile and stationary phases, respectively.) Second, the column through which the gas phase passes is located in an oven where the temperature of the gas can be controlled, whereas column chromatography (typically) has no such temperature control. Finally, the concentration of a compound in the gas phase is solely a function of the vapor pressure of the gas. Gas chromatography is also similar to fractional distillation, since both processes separate the components of a mixture primarily based on boiling point (or vapor pressure) differences. However, fractional distillation is typically used to separate components of
Gas chromatography
6236557
and migrate, will become our oil and gas reservoir. In addition to the aquatic environment, which is usually a sea, but might also be a river, lake, coral reef or algal mat, the formation of an oil or gas reservoir also requires a sedimentary basin that passes through four steps: Timing is also an important consideration; it is suggested that the Ohio River Valley could have had as much oil as the Middle East at one time, but that it escaped due to a lack of traps. The North Sea, on the other hand, endured millions of years of sea
Petroleum reservoir
12437787
happen again. And it may also be the most promising way of doing away with the concentration camps. I am not an optimist, but I believe that if we decide that we must link our lives inextricably - that "me" and "them" must be replaced by "us" - we may manage to make a life in which gas chambers will not be used again anywhere and a future in which children, including my granddaughters, will not know what they are.″ In all of his travel, for work and pleasure, Hartmann carried a small camera with a few rolls of black
Erich Hartmann (photographer)
18233230
part of the life support equipment of a saturation system, along with other components which may include bulk gas storage, compressors, helium recovey unit, bell and diver hot water supply, gas conditioning unit and emergency power supply The anesthetic machine is used to blend breathing gas for patients under anesthesia during surgery. The gas mixing and delivery system lets the anesthetist control oxygen fraction, nitrous oxide concentration and the concentration of volatile anesthetic agents. The machine is usually supplied with oxygen (O) and nitrous oxide (NO) from low pressure lines and high pressure reserve cylinders, and the metered gas is
Gas blending
11169996
property that not only improve strength, but also processability, through humidity resistance, reduced gas permeability, and have shape memory/recovery. Some examples, such as the polyhydroxyalkanoates/polylactic acid blend, shows an exceptional increase in the toughness without sacrificing optical clarity, and the copolymer poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) has shown shape memory behavior depending on the concentration of poly-ε-caprolactone added. In general, biodegradable polymers break down to form gases, salts, and biomass. Complete biodegradation is said to occur when there are no oligomers or monomers left. The breakdown of these polymers depend on a variety of factors including the polymer and also, the environment the polymer
Biodegradable polymer
7188939
Madhapur Madhapur is a suburb of Hyderabad, Rangareddy district, India. It is noted as a centre of information technology activity. The heart of this area is called HITEC City which has the highest concentration of IT/ITES establishments in the city. Madhapur has transformed from a small, rocky village in the early 1990s into a modern IT and BPO hub. Madhapur has made its mark on the city map by having the highest concentration of IT/ITES companies in Hyderabad city. Madhapur also has become the preferred meeting place, with many international conferences and meetings taking place at Hitex Convention Center and
Madhapur
2679681
Predominance diagram A predominance diagram purports to show the conditions of concentration and pH where a chemical species has the highest concentration in solutions in which there are multiple acid-base equilibria. The lines on a predominance diagram indicate where adjacent species have the same concentration. Either side of such a line one species or the other predominates, that is, has higher concentration relative to the other species. To illustrate a predominance diagram, part of the one for chromate is shown at the right. pCr stands for minus the logarithm of the chromium concentration and pH stands for minus the logarithm
Predominance diagram
17158660
simple inverse exponential equation. The time it takes for a tissue to take up or release 50% of the difference in dissolved gas capacity at a changed partial pressure is called the half-time for that tissue and gas. Gas remains dissolved in the tissues until the partial pressure of that gas in the lungs is reduced sufficiently to cause a concentration gradient with the blood at a lower concentration than the relevant tissues. As the concentration in the blood drops below the concentration in the adjacent tissue, the gas will diffuse out of the tissue into the blood, and will
Decompression theory
7391767
functions of material properties, intensive properties and flow regime (laminar or turbulent flow). Selection of the most applicable model is dependent on the materials and the system, or environment, being studied. Note, the units will vary based upon which units the driving force is expressed in. The driving force shown here as 'formula_6' is expressed in units of moles per unit of volume, but in some cases the driving force is represented by other measures of concentration with different units. For example, the driving force may be partial pressures when dealing with mass transfer in a gas phase and thus
Mass transfer coefficient
11488926
The Bloc Québécois voted against the project. The vote passed 271 to 5. The Lower Churchill's two hydroelectric installations at Gull Island and Muskrat Falls will have a combined capacity of over 3,074 MW and have the ability to provide 16.7 TW·h of electricity per year, which is enough to "reduce greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to taking 3.2 million vehicles off the road each year". According to an Environment Canada document, reported by the "Montreal Gazette" in March 2010, "Media coverage of climate change science, our most high-profile issue, has been reduced by over 80 per cent" since 2007. The
Environmental policy of Canada
12999445
therefore more effective than nitrogen due to its higher molar heat capacity. The concept has important practical use in fire safety engineering. For instance, to safely fill a new container or a pressure vessel with flammable gasses, the atmosphere of normal air (containing 20.9 volume percent of oxygen) in the vessel would first be flushed (purged) with nitrogen or another non-flammable inert gas, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration inside the container. When the oxygen concentration is below the LOC, flammable gas can then be safely admitted to the vessel, because the possibility of internal explosion has been eliminated. The limiting
Limiting oxygen concentration
15557572
gas constant, T is the soil temperature, n and m are constants, [Hg] is the Hg concentration, and 0.003* R accounts for the solar radiation since the solar radiation has the effect on the temperature, hence the solar radiation has the effect on the emission flux of Hg. Once the Hg concentration data was gathered, a schematic model has been prepared for GIS input, which consisted of a digital elevation model (DEM), a satellite land use map, and EARS data. Using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method from geostatistical tools in ArcGIS 9.3, a raster model of the Hg concentration
GIS in environmental contamination
13369392
respiratory health of workers manufacturing Refractory Ceramic Fibre in Europe, showing small though inconsistent effects on respiratory health associated with inhalation of these fibres. From its earliest years, IOM has had a tradition of using quantitative exposure measurements to explore links between the working environment and health and has pioneered the development of new methods to measure the concentration of aerosols in ways that are relevant to human biology. The MRE 113A respirable dust sampler developed for use in our pneumoconiosis research was the first landmark and led to greater insight into the causes of this disease. Under Dr Jim
Institute of Occupational Medicine
6373
acidified but not concentrated (<6% w/v) before disposal once the test is completed. Anhydrous ammonia is classified as toxic (T) and dangerous for the environment (N). The gas is flammable (autoignition temperature: 651 °C) and can form explosive mixtures with air (16–25%). The permissible exposure limit (PEL) in the United States is 50 ppm (35 mg/m), while the IDLH concentration is estimated at 300 ppm. Repeated exposure to ammonia lowers the sensitivity to the smell of the gas: normally the odour is detectable at concentrations of less than 50 ppm, but desensitised individuals may not detect it even at concentrations
Ammonia
1709196
and vice versa. At equilibrium the rate of transfer of CO from the gas to the liquid phase is equal to the rate from liquid to gas. In this case, the equilibrium concentration of CO in the liquid is given by Henry's law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid. This relationship is written as where "k" is a temperature-dependent constant, "p" is the partial pressure and "c" is the concentration of the dissolved gas in the liquid Thus the partial pressure of
Dynamic equilibrium
17546454
concentration occurred on June 10, 2008. The highest concentration occurred once in 2008 and three times in 2009. The average concentration was 22.125 nanograms per liter. The concentration of fecal coliform has been measured once, on November 9, 2004. Its concentration was under 20 M-FC 0.45uMF col per 100 milliliters. The concentration of E coli in the waters of Fishing Creek at the gauging station near Bloomsburg between 2002 and 2012 ranged from less than 3 to 150 m-TEC MF water col per 100 milliliters. The lowest concentration occurred on April 3, 2008. The highest concentration occurred on February 6,
Hydrology of Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River)
9771611
analysing the patients plasmatic concentrations (pharmacokinetic monitoring). This practice has allowed this drug to be used again and has facilitated a great number of organ transplants. Clinical monitoring is usually carried out by determination of plasma concentrations as this data is usually the easiest to obtain and the most reliable. The main reasons for determining a drug’s plasma concentration include: Drugs where pharmacokinetic monitoring is recommended include: Ecotoxicology is the branch of science that deals with the nature, effects, and interactions of substances that are harmful to the environment. All model based software above. Global centres with the highest profiles
Pharmacokinetics
6678620
would be equivalent to 5% multiplied by 5.0%, or approximately 0.25% methane by volume at 20 degrees C. Control of the explosion hazard is usually achieved by sufficient natural or mechanical ventilation, to limit the concentration of flammable gases or vapors to a maximum level of 25% of their "lower explosive or flammable limit". Upper flammability limit (UFL): Highest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). Concentrations higher than UFL or UEL are "too rich" to burn. Operating above the UFL
Flammability limit
7556224
mechanically isolated from the environment (isolated system). For example, consider an insulating rigid box divided by a movable partition into two volumes, each filled with gas. If the pressure of one gas is higher, it will expand by moving the partition, thus performing work on the other gas. Also, if the gases are at different temperatures, heat can flow from one gas to the other provided the partition allows heat conduction. Our above result indicates that the entropy of the system "as a whole" will increase during these processes. There exists a maximum amount of entropy the system may possess
Entropy (classical thermodynamics)
2869065
U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, enforced by Supreme Court decisions that give stations the right to choose what they will and will not run. Lessig claims this kind of environment is not democratic and at no point in our history have we had fewer "legal right[s] to control more of the development of our culture than now." The following summarizes the different sections of the book. Lessig insists that the future of our society is being threatened by recent changes in US law and administration, including decisions by the US Federal Communications Commission that allow increased Concentration of media
Free Culture (book)
18463041
(TCD), a flame ionization detector (FID) or an electron capture detector (ECD). Using the known temperature of the sample, the bottle volume, the concentrations of gas in the headspace (as determined by GC), and Henry's law constant, the concentration of the original water sample is calculated. Using the known temperature of the sample, the bottle volume, the concentrations of gas in the headspace (as determined by GC), and Henry's law constant, the concentration of the original water sample is calculated. Total gas concentration (TC) in the original water sample is calculated by determining the concentration of headspace and converting this
Headspace gas chromatography for dissolved gas measurement
2011270
fresh gas addition is made by controlling the pressure in a dosage chamber proportional to the counterlung bellows volume. The dosage chamber is filled with fresh gas to a pressure proportional to bellows volume, with the highest pressure when the bellows is in the empty position. When the bellows fills during exhalation, the gas is released from the dosage chamber into the breathing circuit, proportional to the volume in the bellows during exhalation, and is fully released when the bellows is full. Excess gas is dumped to the environment through the overpressure valve after the bellows is full. The result
Rebreather
3426860
enhance the visibility of the fire. Ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, and other existing fuels offer similar fire-safety challenges, and standard safety and firefighting protocols exist for all such fuels. Post-accident environmental damage mitigation is facilitated by the fact that low-concentration methanol is biodegradable, of low toxicity, and non-persistent in the environment. Post-fire cleanup often merely requires large additional amounts of water to dilute the spilled methanol followed by vacuuming or absorption recovery of the fluid. Any methanol that unavoidably escapes into the environment will have little long-term impact, and with sufficient dilution will rapidly biodegrade with little to no environmental
Methanol fuel
20759052
we can use three GHEs performance loss graph. Figure 5 demonstrates other configuration of nine spiral GHEs that can be used. Nowadays keeping our environment clean is one the most important issues. There are still many waste heat and energies which are wasted into the environment such as, waste heat of gas turbines exhaust gasses or waste gasses in biomass systems. These waste heats can be used beneficially for supplying heating demands of the buildings. One way to use this energy usefully is to store it in ground and then re-extract it through spiral GHEs for providing heating demands of
Spiral ground heat exchanger
889632
back seat of Edward Kennedy's car at Chappaquiddick than in the gas chambers at Auschwitz.' Now you think that's tasteless, what about this? I'm forming an association especially dedicated to all these liars, the ones who try and kid people that they were in these concentration camps, it's called the Auschwitz Survivors, Survivors of the Holocaust and Other Liars, 'ASSHOLs'. Can't get more tasteless than that, but you've got to be tasteless because these people deserve our contempt. In another 1991 speech, this time in Regina, Irving called the Holocaust "a major fraud... There were no gas chambers. They were
David Irving
2368411
to wealth research group Wealth-X that released its latest UHNW Cities report, showing the residential footprint of the world’s top ultra-high net worth (UHNW) individual cities. Excluding Monaco – which has very high UHNWI density – Geneva has the highest density of super wealthy people per capita in the world. The city is known as the most compact metropolitan area, and also enjoys a concentration of affluence. Singapore has the second highest concentration, followed by San Jose, the center of Silicon Valley, and the largest city in Northern California. While New York leads in terms of overall UHNW footprint, London
Millionaire