when did the surgeon general warning go on cigarettes
1966
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is the old version or the new version, it will be marked with "戒煙專線0800-636363" (Smoking Quitting Hotline: 0800-636363). In Thailand, a variety of warnings with graphic, disturbing images of tobacco-related harms (including a tracheotomy and rotting teeth) are placed prominently on cigarette packages. A recent study showed that the warnings made Thai smokers think more often about the health risks of smoking and about quitting smoking. or The warning messages on Ukrainian cigarette packets are also visually similar to those in European Union countries: In 1966, the United States became the first nation in the world to require a health
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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awarded is the Surgeon General's Medallion (the highest award bestowed by board action is the Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal). The Surgeon General also has many informal duties, such as educating the American public about health issues and advocating healthy lifestyle choices. The office also periodically issues health warnings. Perhaps the best known example of this is the Surgeon General's warning label that has been present on all packages of American tobacco cigarettes since 1966. A similar health warning has appeared on alcoholic beverages labels since 1988. In 1798, Congress established the Marine Hospital Fund, a network of hospitals
Surgeon General of the United States
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History of warning labels in the US The history of warning labels in the United States began in 1938 when the United States Congress passed a law mandating that food products have a list of ingredients on the label. In 1966 the Federal government mandated that cigarette packs have a warning on them from the surgeon general. See Tobacco packaging warning messages. Congress voted in 1973 that products containing “toxic substances” must have labels. In 1985 there was a testimony that wanted record companies to put labels on music that contained sexual or violent lyrics. On March 29, 1990 warning
History of warning labels in the US
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same problems are still standing in the way of future plaintiffs who decide to go after big tobacco: Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 505 U.S. 504 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court case. In a split opinion, the Court held that the Surgeon General's warning did not preclude lawsuits by smokers against tobacco companies on the basis of several claims. The case examined whether tobacco companies could be liable for not warning the consumer "adequately" of the dangers of cigarettes as well as ultimately held the stance that smoking was in fact a free
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.
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four labels mentioned above. Any manufacturer or importer of cigarettes advertising cigarettes in the United States through the use of any medium besides outdoor billboards must also make sure that the advertisement contains one of the four previously listed labels, and those advertising cigarettes in the United States through the use of outdoor billboards must have one of the following labels on the advertisement: Section 4 continues to elaborate on the visual requirements of the warning labels, listing the regulations on the size, wording, and implementation of the warning labels. For example, Section 4(b)(1) states "The phrase "Surgeon General's Warning'
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act
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recording of Mahalia Jackson's "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands" was on standby, having been selected in advance by Reilly. As a member of the Federal Trade Commission in June 1964, Reilly was one of three commissioners who voted in the majority to require that cigarette manufacturers "clearly and prominently" place a warning on packages of cigarettes effective January 1, 1965, stating that smoking is dangerous to health, in line with the warning issued by a special committee formed by the Surgeon General of the United States Luther Leonidas Terry. The same warning would be required in all
John R. Reilly
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is changing. In the United States, beedies are treated like conventional cigarettes. They are taxed at the same rates, are required to have a tax stamp, and must carry the Surgeon General's warning. However, a study done in San Francisco showed that about four in ten packs of beedies did not contain the required warning label and seven in ten did not carry the tax stamp. 2006 statistics on beedi usage show that 2.9% of high school students in the United States take part in beedi smoking compared to 1.4% of those aged 18 to 24. Beedis are currently legal
Beedi
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on the American stock markets, while maximizing the coverage in Sunday newspapers. The release of the report was one of the top news stories of 1964. It led to policy and public opinion changes such as the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 and the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969, which mandated warning labels on cigarettes and instituted a ban on the broadcasting of cigarette advertisements on radio and/or television. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the
Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the United States
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Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc. Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., 505 U.S. 504 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court case. In a split opinion, the Court held that the Surgeon General's warning did not preclude lawsuits by smokers against tobacco companies on the basis of several claims. The case examined whether tobacco companies could be liable for not warning the consumer "adequately" of the dangers of cigarettes as well as ultimately held the stance that smoking was in fact a free choice. The ruling also questioned the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965 to determine whether the warning
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.
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internet and on the streets of Los Angeles and San Francisco. The posters featured a pack of cigarettes with the Facebook logo and a tag that read, "Social Cigarettes." He created over one hundred of the posters, comparing Facebook consumption with that of "cancer sticks." 2wenty also created three-dimensional versions of the posters, complete with a surgeon general warning, "Facebook may cause loss of time, poor work ethic, obesity, social disorder and possible interference of destiny. Use at your own risk." 2wenty has had multiple collaborations with fellow aritst, Gregory Siff, in addition to This Means Mar. In December 2013,
2wenty
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future ways in which the industry would posit new types of cigarettes as weight loss aids. Moreover, it would forever change the public's thoughts on women smoking, transforming the act from a transgressive one into a normalized feminine behavior. In 1964, the Surgeon General of the United States released the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee Report on Smoking and Health. This report lead to the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act in 1965, which would mandate that all cigarette packs display warning labels and would change the ways that the tobacco industry would reach consumers via advertising. In April 1964, with
Cigarette smoking for weight loss
2357821
Trade Commission voted by a margin of 3-1 to require that cigarette manufacturers "clearly and prominently" place a warning on packages of cigarettes effective January 1, 1965, stating that smoking was dangerous to health, in line with the warning issued by the Surgeon General's special committee. The same warning would be required in all cigarette advertising effective July 1, 1965. The landmark Surgeon General's report on smoking and health stimulated a greatly increased concern about tobacco on the part of the American public and government policymakers and led to a broad-based anti-smoking campaign. It also motivated the tobacco industry to
Luther Terry
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in from the Battle of Bunker Hill on Breed's Hill over four miles away. Worried about his brother Joseph, who had joined the fighting and died, Warren went to search for him after the battle was over. A British sentry told John he could not pass and then bayoneted him as a warning, forcing the depressed Warren to go back to Cambridge. After his brother's death, Warren volunteered for service and was made a senior surgeon at the hospital in Cambridge. He became surgeon of the general hospital on Long Island in 1776 during General Washington's defense there. He also
John Warren (surgeon)
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woman (wearing a wig, but doesn't shave his massive beard) and takes the boys on a tour of a tobacco factory. The Vice-President teaches them the history of tobacco, and explains that as the dangers of smoking have been made known, the surgeon general mandated warning labels on cigarettes so those who choose to smoke or not can make informed choices, which Kyle finds reasonable. Reiner reveals himself after snapping a picture of the boys, and throws one of the employees over the railing to the factory floor before fleeing. Reiner takes the boys back to his anti-smoking encampment and
Butt Out
3845833
British American Tobacco. Japan Tobacco announced in September 2015 that it acquired the right to sell Natural American Spirit products in markets outside the United States. Natural American Spirit products are "100% Additive-Free Tobacco", though they include the standard generic Surgeon General tobacco warning on the packs in accordance with federal regulation standards, which currently states ""no additives in our tobacco does NOT mean a safer cigarette"". This was part of an FTC ruling in 2000 and agreement resulting from allegations that the advertisement of additive-free cigarettes made consumers feel that the product might be less addictive or safer than
Natural American Spirit
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of India, which asks the government to stop selling of loose cigarettes and publish bigger health warnings on tobacco packs. General warning: Before 1996 1996-1999 1999–2001 2002–end of 2013 Since 2014 With the enforcement of 2012 Indonesian Government Regulation ("Peraturan Pemerintah") No. 109, all of tobacco products/cigarette packaging and advertisement should include warning images and age restriction (18+). Graphic warning messages must consist 40% of cigarette packages. After the introduction of graphic images in Indonesian cigarette packaging, the branding of cigarettes as "light", "mild","filter", etc. is forbidden. Other alternatives: The warning below appears on the side of the cigarette packaging:
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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it says: ""Apollo Soyuz commemorative brand,"" and on the other ""Soyuz Apollo"". On one edge of the pack are the words, ""Developed by Philip Morris Inc. U.S.A. and Glavtabak, U.S.S.R. in commemoration of U.S./Soviet space cooperation"" in English and Russian, along with the English words, ""Made in U.S.S.R., Tava Factory, Moscow."" Glavtabak was the Soviet State Tobacco Agency. The other edge displays the U.S. Surgeon General's warning that cigarettes are dangerous to your health. Apollo-Soyuz was only sold in the Soviet Union and the United States, but since its re-introduction it is still sold in Russia. Apollo-Soyuz cigarettes appeared in
Apollo-Soyuz (cigarette)
312358
large in-store machines—aid in the process. In the United States, the Internal Revenue section of the tax code includes a personal exemption for people who make their own cigarettes and tobacco (done by shredding blended strips of tobacco leaves). An amendment to the 2012 federal transportation bill caused roll-your-own cigarette shops to struggle and consider closing. In order for shops to continue using machines, owners must obtain a manufacturer's permit, file a bond, pay the applicable federal cigarette tax rate, keep records, print required markings on packages used for manufactured cigarettes, affix the U.S. Surgeon General's warning labels to packages
Roll-your-own cigarette
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than one year after its establishment. In June 2011, the FDA released nine new warning signs containing both graphic text and images that should be included on all cigarette packaging and advertisement by September 2012. The textual warnings state: "WARNING: Cigarettes are addictive. WARNING: Tobacco smoke can harm your children. WARNING: Cigarettes cause fatal lung disease. WARNING: Cigarettes cause cancer. WARNING: Cigarettes cause strokes and heart disease. WARNING: Smoking during pregnancy can harm your baby. WARNING: Smoking can kill you. WARNING: Tobacco smoke causes fatal lung disease in nonsmokers. WARNING: Quitting smoking now greatly reduces serious risks to your health."
Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
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below 400 ℃ did not test positive in the Ames assay. In spite of all changes in cigarette design and manufacturing over the last 50 years, the use of filters and "light" cigarettes has neither decreased the nicotine intake per cigarette, nor has it lowered the incidence of lung cancers (NCI, 2001; IARC 83, 2004; U.S. Surgeon General, 2004). The shift over the years from higher- to lower-yield cigarettes may explain the change in the pathology of lung cancer. That is, the percentage of lung cancers that are adenocarcinomas has increased, while the percentage of squamous cell cancers has decreased.
Tobacco smoke
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response to the globalization of the tobacco epidemic.” This initiative has been particular about pointing out how women are also being affected. In sum, when looking at smoking among women beyond the boundaries of the Western world, the full scope of the issue comes into view. Women and smoking With gender-targeted marketing, including packaging and slogans (especially "slimmer" and "lighter" cigarettes), and promotion of women smoking in movies and popular TV shows, the tobacco industry was able to increase the percent of women smoking. In the 1980s, tobacco industries were made to have the surgeon general's warning printed on each
Women and smoking
6597588
and health problems. In 1962, with this ever-expanding body of medical research as a backdrop, Dr. Luther L. Terry, the Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service, convened an advisory committee to examine the issue of the link between smoking and illness. Though there were a few restrictions during the 17th century, significant anti-smoking legislation was not enforced until later in the 19th century. According to the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health published in 1964, the Surgeon General reported not only that the nicotine and tar in cigarettes caused lung cancer, but also that smoking was
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act
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high. Cigarettes were even included in soldier's C-Rations. Tobacco companies sent millions of cigarettes to the soldiers for free, and when these soldiers came home, the companies had a steady stream of loyally addicted customers. In 1964, the Surgeon General's report on "Smoking and Health" came out. This report helped the government to regulate the advertisement and sales of cigarettes. The 1960s as a whole was a time when many of the health hazards of smoking were reported. However, the companies that made these cigarettes fought hard to keep the public buying their products. It wasn't until 1971 the television
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act
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and not on other tobacco products (which only conserve the 1978 warning). In Vietnam, a variety of warnings with graphic, disturbing images of tobacco-related harms (including a tracheotomy and rotting teeth) are placed prominently on cigarette packages. Tobacco packaging warning messages Tobacco package warning messages are warning messages that appear on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products concerning their health effects. They have been implemented in an effort to enhance the public's awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. In general, warnings used in different countries try to emphasize the same messages. Warnings for some countries are listed
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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Tobacco packaging warning messages Tobacco package warning messages are warning messages that appear on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products concerning their health effects. They have been implemented in an effort to enhance the public's awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. In general, warnings used in different countries try to emphasize the same messages. Warnings for some countries are listed below. Such warnings have been required in tobacco advertising for many years. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, adopted in 2003, requires such package warning messages to promote awareness against smoking. A 2009 review summarises that
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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that reduce smoking in among adolescents can improve the nation's short- and long-term health Youth access to cigarettes is determined in large part by national and statewide laws and regulations. The first major step government agencies placed on restricting cigarette smoking came from the first Surgeon General's Report in 1964 which established cigarette smoking causing increased mortality. The year following the release of this report, the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act was passed requiring a health warning on all cigarette packages. The next major act passed in 1970 was the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act that banned radio and
Youth smoking
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Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act The Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act is a 1970 federal law in the United States designed to limit the practice of smoking. As approved by the United States Congress, the act required a stronger health warning on cigarette packages, saying ""Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined that Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health"". It also banned cigarette advertisements on American radio and television. The Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act was one of the major bills resulting from the by the Surgeon General, Luther Terry. The report found that lung cancer and chronic bronchitis are
Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
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negative effects smoking has on society, it is necessary to reduce the number of youth and adolescents who begin smoking. While the rates of cigarette smoking among adults and adolescents have declined in the past ten years in the United States, a considerable number of adolescents continue to smoke cigarettes. The Surgeon General's Warning released in 1964 was a major impetus for this change. In 1965, approximately 45% of Americans smoked, however the prevalence of tobacco smokers is currently less than 25% of adults. The pattern of smoking among youth has had a slightly different trajectory, such that smoking rates
Youth smoking
12811838
companies less options to hide from this truth. Furthermore, the Surgeon General's Warning in 1964 served as a final piece needed to close the gap between the two concepts. In addition to liability laws being changed from the time of the 1950s, plaintiffs no longer had to prove negligence on the part of the company with regards to their product but expose a defect. With the restrictions becoming more laxed, new lawsuits surged once again against tobacco companies. Rose Cipollone began smoking at the age of sixteen. She continually smoked Chesterfield cigarettes—up to a pack and a half a pack
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.
14100323
Women and smoking With gender-targeted marketing, including packaging and slogans (especially "slimmer" and "lighter" cigarettes), and promotion of women smoking in movies and popular TV shows, the tobacco industry was able to increase the percent of women smoking. In the 1980s, tobacco industries were made to have the surgeon general's warning printed on each packaging of the tobacco products. This slowed the rate of women smoking but later slightly increased after the advertisements started to look more present day and more appealing packaging, that appealed to the younger generation. In more recent times, cigarette smoking has been banned from public
Women and smoking
14515144
left open with the stipulation that tar and nicotine claims were prohibited "when it has not been established by competent scientific proof ... that the claim is true, and if true, that such difference or differences are significant." This regulation leads to significant shifts in advertisements to focus on taste and pleasure for two years. Filter cigarettes continued to grow in popularity and the emphasis on taste and pleasure helped rebound industry wide sales. In 1957, two years after the FTC's guidelines on cigarette advertisements were released, the Surgeon General issued the "Joint Report of Study Group on Smoking and
Tar derby
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Eye and Smoking, in Cigarettes: What the Warning Label Doesn’t Tell You, by E. Whelan & W. London (editors), ACSH, New York: 1996. Chynn, EW. Diagnosis and treatment of ocular trauma. Emergency Eye Care Insight, Vol. 1, Issue 4, 1994. Chynn EW, Vaccination and Immunotherapy as New Therapeutic Modalities in the Treatment of Glaucoma. US8076060 B2 Chynn EW, Ophthalmic composition. US6218428 B1 Chynn EW, Oxygenated ophthalmic composition. US20080057023 A1 11. Ukraine Foreign Sponsorship Program by CFF 12. Official page of The Chynn Family Foundation Emil Chynn Emil William Chynn (born October 7, 1965) is a Chinese-American LASEK surgeon, author, researcher,
Emil Chynn
5391447
that, as the highest ranking surgeon (and the unit's second-in-command), he should automatically receive the position. Blake refuses to reconsider, reminding Burns that Hawkeye has two specialty certifications and that he performs better when "the heat's on". An angry Burns promises to bring plenty of heat to his commanding officer, and he and Major Houlihan go over his head to General Bradley Barker in the hopes that he will overrule Blake and name Burns the chief surgeon. The general arrives just after the entire camp, with the exception of the two majors, have thrown a massive party for Hawkeye, and
Chief Surgeon Who?
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Smoking in Malaysia Smoking in Malaysia was first dealt with in legislation requiring a general warning message on all Malaysian cigarette packaging in 1976. Smoking bans in public places started to be implemented in the 1980s. Selling of cigarettes to persons under the age of 18 has been forbidden since May 14, 1994. Tobacco advertising was outlawed in 2003; since January 1995, showing cigarette packaging in advertisements had been forbidden, and print media advertising had been restricted to only one page. Malaysia is ranked 71st in per capita cigarette consumption, with an average of 646 cigarettes smoked per adult annually.
Smoking in Malaysia
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he did not win a sporting Blue while at Cambridge. Marshall first entered medicine when he joined the medical college, St. Bartholomew's, becoming a House Surgeon and the Clinical Assistant in the Throat Department. He later became an Assistant House Surgeon at Nottingham General Hospital, before becoming a General practitioner at Bexhill-on-Sea and Cirencester. From 1910 he became a surgeon at Cirencester Memorial Hospital. Marshall was the medical officer to the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester and was also the civil surgeon to the 4th Battalion of the Gloucester Regiment. On the outbreak of World War I, Bingham Hall in
Howard Marshall (rugby union)
5488814
Label. The same happened in 2010 in the U.S. when the Food and Drug Administration banned flavour descriptors—such as "mild," "light" and "ultra light"—even though the color designations were already changed like in Europe. In December 1997, the ingredients that go into L&M cigarettes were displayed on the cartons. In addition to blended tobacco and water, the 26 ingredients that go into L&M cigarettes include molasses, phenylacetic acid and oil of patchouli. L&M was the fourth largest cigarette brand in the world, with 92 billion cigarettes produced in 2007. In 2016, L&M had a volume of 97 billion produced cigarettes.
L&M
4199301
(Smoking is harmful to health) was used. or Warning texts in tobacco products, health warnings, which are reproduced on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products. It is implemented in an effort to strengthen public knowledge about the dangers of smoking. The order was introduced in Denmark on 31 December 1991. The Order was last revised on 2 October 2003, which also imposed ban on the words "light" and "mild" on Danish cigarette packages, as did European Union countries. The marking shall appear on one third of the most visible part of the package. For smokeless tobacco use above
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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less. In spite of the changes in cigarette design and manufacturing over the last 50 years, the use of filters and "light" cigarettes neither decreased the nicotine intake per cigarette, nor lowered the incidence of lung cancers (NCI, 2001; IARC 83, 2004; U.S. Surgeon General, 2004). The shift over the years from higher- to lower-yield cigarettes may explain the change in the pathology of lung cancer. That is, the percentage of lung cancers that are adenocarcinomas has increased, while the percentage of squamous cell cancers has decreased. The change in tumor type is believed to reflect the higher nitrosamine delivery
Cigarette filter
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is marrying his fat cousin. Things go very wrong when Michael (Andy Lau), the disciple of Ko Chun, phoned in with a warning to beware of Yik Tin Hang who has hired mercenaries to kill Ken. An explosion during the wedding causes both Rainbow and Vincent to fall into coma, while Ken and Mark are accused to have engulfed DOA’s illicit money. Enraged, Ken swears to seek vengeance and to pursue the mastermind who has entangled them in his evil plans. Ken and Mark end up in prison, a convenient venue for them to play a card game using cigarettes
From Vegas to Macau III
20726642
January 1, 2014, a new warning is shown explaining "Smoking kills you" with an "18+" sign after it. In 2014, the Indonesian government halted the branding of cigarettes as "light" or "mild" on all smoking packages and has decided to place graphic images on the cigarette packs to show the adverse long-term effects of excessive smoking. In Malaysia, the displaying of cigarette packets in advertisements with a general warning on long-time smoking that came into effect in June 1976 has been banned since 1995. However, this has not stopped tobacco companies from advertising their products. There are also restrictions on
Regulation of nicotine marketing
16544793
Pearse, the Surgeon-General of the Navy, made Yonge his deputy. In 1692, following his appointment as surgeon to the new dock at Hamoaze, Plymouth, Yonge had to go to London. Whilst there he attended Edward Tyson's anatomical lectures at Surgeons Hall. In 1702, in London again, he was persuaded to sit the examination of the College of Physicians, as an Extra-Licentiate. In his journal Yonge states there was no need as he did not intend to practice in practice in London or the immediate environs as he already had licence from the Bishop (presumably the Bishop of Exeter) but that
James Yonge (surgeon)
4199316
laryngectomy, a dead human fetus surrounded by cigarette butts, a woman being fed after suffering a stroke, and damaged lungs amongst others. Warnings include smoking-related diseases and statistics, toxins found in cigarettes and others such as: General warning (on the front of cigarette packages, covering at least 30% of the area, Helvetica font): Additional warnings (on the back of cigarette packages, covering at least 40% of the area, Helvetica font): Regulated by “LEGE cu privire la tutun şi la articolele din tutun“ (Law on tobacco and tobacco articles) nr. 278-XVI from 14.12.2007 enabled at 07.03.2008 Cigarette packets in Transnistria have
Tobacco packaging warning messages
12090873
charcoal granules were observed on the filter surface, and were released from the filter when the cigarettes were smoked. During smoking, the toxin-containing charcoal granules are inhaled or ingested. The specific adverse health effects of inhaling or ingesting carbon granules have not been addressed; nevertheless, the smoker, as an educated consumer, should be informed of the possible health risks."" In January 1964, Louis Fieser, a member of the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Lung Cancer, said that Lark cigarettes were probably safer than all other brands. Fieser, Sheldon Emery Professor of Organic Chemistry, recommended that smokers who were
Lark (cigarette)
15365919
Tobacco in Alabama Tobacco is an agricultural product acting as a stimulant triggering complex biochemical and neurotransmitter disruptions. Its main ingredient is nicotine and it is present in all cigarettes. Early tobacco usage was for medical cures and religious purposes. In the 1990s, cigarette usage became increasingly popular when it was sold in mass amounts. The popularity of smoking increased and in 1964, the Surgeon General of the United States wrote a report concerning the dangers of cigarette smoking. In the United States, for the past 50 years efforts have been made so that the public should be aware of
Tobacco in Alabama
18414793
impacts of pediatric exposure to second-hand and third-hand e-cigarette vapor. The Surgeon General's 2014 report found "that nicotine adversely affects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, and that exposure to nicotine during fetal development has lasting adverse consequences for brain development." The belief that e-cigarettes are safer than traditional cigarettes could increase their use in pregnant women. The toxic effects identified with e-cigarette refill liquids on stem cells may be interpreted as embryonic death or birth defects. Since e-cigarettes are not validated as cessation tools, may contain nicotine at inconsistent levels and added ingredients that are possibly harmful, allowing e-cigarettes
Safety of electronic cigarettes
12811855
against tobacco companies. Congressional leaders watched, some supporters of big tobacco and others some of its strongest critics. A new conversation in the public forum had been opened with Cipollone v Liggett Group Inc, with the public becoming more informed on the dangers of smoking. However, this can only be said for a small few, as others did know the dangers before the case and the warning of Surgeon General Terry. The smoking population stayed constant through the trial, with no substantial change occurring during the course of the trials. . The U.S. Supreme Court remanded "Cipollone v. Liggett Group,
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.
6761695
crowd are from the concert in Buenos Aires, Argentina). Cigarettes and Valentines Cigarettes and Valentines is an unreleased studio album by American punk rock band Green Day. The album would have been the follow-up to "Warning" (2000). In November 2002, the album was nearly finished when the master tapes were mysteriously stolen from the band's studio. Instead of re-recording the album, the band decided to start from scratch, leading to the creation of "American Idiot" (2004). They were able to relocate and recover the material, and then decided to rework some of the original tracks and release them as B-sides
Cigarettes and Valentines
6761690
Cigarettes and Valentines Cigarettes and Valentines is an unreleased studio album by American punk rock band Green Day. The album would have been the follow-up to "Warning" (2000). In November 2002, the album was nearly finished when the master tapes were mysteriously stolen from the band's studio. Instead of re-recording the album, the band decided to start from scratch, leading to the creation of "American Idiot" (2004). They were able to relocate and recover the material, and then decided to rework some of the original tracks and release them as B-sides to the singles from "American Idiot". In an interview
Cigarettes and Valentines
18067172
voted down the Commission's proposal to introduce medical regulation for e-cigarettes, but proposed that cross-border marketing of e-cigarettes be regulated similarly to tobacco products, meaning that sales of e-cigarettes to under-18s would be prohibited in the European Union, along with most cross-border advertising. Warning labels also would be required. The Parliament and Member States are involved in trilogue discussions to reach a common conclusion. In February 2014, the European Parliament approved new regulations for tobacco products, including e-cigarettes. The new regulations forbid advertising of e-cigarettes, set limits on maximum concentrations of nicotine in liquids, limit maximum volumes of liquid that
Regulation of electronic cigarettes
6597589
the most important cause of chronic bronchitis, increased risk of dying from chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and caused coronary disease. As a result, Congress enacted the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act in 1965, which created the first cigarette warning label in the United States by requiring health warnings on all cigarette packages saying "Caution: Cigarette Smoking May Be Hazardous to Your Health." A few years later, Congress passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969, which banned cigarette advertising on television and radio as well as slightly changed the health warning to "Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act
16412436
7 of COTPA deals with the "Display of pictorial health warning on all tobacco products packets". It prohibits the production, sale and import of cigarettes or any other tobacco product unless every package of cigarettes or any other tobacco product bears pictorial warnings on its label covering at least 40% of the package. The warnings are changed once a year. The law also prohibited more than two languages from being used on the pack to ensure that the specified warning is legible and prominent. The Cable Television Network (Regulation) Amendment Bill, in force since 8 September 2000, completely prohibits cigarette
Smoking in India
20339485
and number one on the UK R&B Albums Chart. Sex & Cigarettes Sex & Cigarettes is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton, which was released on March 23, 2018, by Def Jam Recordings. This is her first solo album in eight years and serves as her debut for the Def Jam label, after signing a new record deal. "Sex & Cigarettes" is Braxton's first album to be issued with a Parental Advisory warning, and an edited version was also made available. The album was preceded by the release of two singles, "Deadwood" and "Long as I
Sex & Cigarettes
12811834
labels on the cigarette products by law had to be less or more alarming than the warning issued . The warning at issue said: ""Warning: The Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health."" The court's holding and some of Justice Stevens's reasoning enjoyed majority support, but the opinion eventually gained full majority support 16 years later in "Altria Group v. Good". The relationship that the American people has had with tobacco companies can be said to be tumultuous and is documented. Tobacco has always been a staple economic resource in the fabric of the American
Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.
11311211
the temptation, but later Danny lets him go to the store a block down to buy cigarettes. When Sang Le doesn't return, Danny goes outside and finds Sang Le, beat up, at the foot of an oak tree outside their apartments. Sang Le tells Danny to tell Ba he did not go to the bida hall, and then he dies. The officer later tells Danny that Sang Le had been beaten to death by a baseball bat, which the skinhead gang threatened to use on him. He immediately knows who committed the crime, and has to decide between honoring Sang
Shadow of the Dragon
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long-term safety and potential for a new era of users to get addicted to nicotine and then tobacco. There is concern among tobacco control academics and advocates that prevalent universal vaping "will bring its own distinct but as yet unknown health risks in the same way tobacco smoking did, as a result of chronic exposure", among other things. Medical organizations differ in their views about the health implications of vaping. There is general agreement that e-cigarettes expose users to fewer toxicants than tobacco cigarettes. Some healthcare groups and policy makers have hesitated to recommend e-cigarettes for quitting smoking, because of
Positions of medical organizations on electronic cigarettes
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288,014. Early in Wetherby's term, the state's revenues were inflated by the Korean War. Having adopted a pay-as-you-go program for the state, he was forced to raise additional revenue after the war ended. He did so by imposing sin taxes on cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, and parimutuel betting, but he was unable to convince the General Assembly to adopt a sales tax. Because three members of Wetherby's close family had been killed in automobile accidents on the state's roadways, improving roads was a high priority for Wetherby. Using revenue from a two-cent-per-gallon gasoline tax passed under the Clements administration, Wetherby authorized
Lawrence Wetherby
4199332
warning on cigarette packages. In 1973, the Assistant Director of Research at R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company wrote an internal memorandum regarding new brands of cigarettes for the youth market. He observed that, "psychologically, at eighteen, one is immortal" and theorized that "the desire to be daring is part of the motivation to start smoking." He stated, "in this sense the label on the package is a plus." In 1999, Philip Morris U.S.A. purchased three brands of cigarettes from Liggett Group Inc. The brands were: Chesterfield, L&M, and Lark. At the time Philip Morris purchased the brands from Liggett, the packaging
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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banks, whiskeys, food, etc.) in a Bombril commercials-like studio (actually, the PV was introduced by the same man that made the Bombril TV commercials), with alternate shots of naked women holding the "As Dez Mais" CD. In the middle of the video, a brand of giant cigarettes ("Titãs lights") is introduced by the Bombril man, and a warning on the upper left edge says: "Os Titãs advertem: O ministério faz mal a sua saúde" ("Titãs warn: the Ministry is unhealthy for you"), a parody of the similar warning placed in all cigarettes' packs in Brazil, as well on cigarette advertisings
Pelados em Santos
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Sex & Cigarettes Sex & Cigarettes is the eighth studio album by American recording artist Toni Braxton, which was released on March 23, 2018, by Def Jam Recordings. This is her first solo album in eight years and serves as her debut for the Def Jam label, after signing a new record deal. "Sex & Cigarettes" is Braxton's first album to be issued with a Parental Advisory warning, and an edited version was also made available. The album was preceded by the release of two singles, "Deadwood" and "Long as I Live". The third single "FOH" was released in October
Sex & Cigarettes
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and Hutch"; from fine arts: Sergio Rossetti Morosini, artist and conservator, and internationally renown glass artist Mitchell Gaudet; from music: conductor and composer Odaline de la Martinez, who was the first woman to conduct at a BBC Proms concert in London; from government: Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House who famously coordinated the first Congressional Republican majority in 40 years, and Luther Terry, former U.S. Surgeon General who issued the first official health hazard warning for tobacco; from medicine: Michael DeBakey and Dr. Regina Benjamin, President Obama's Surgeon General; from science A. Baldwin Wood, inventor of the wood screw
Tulane University
4199292
card, "health information messages" provide answers and explanations regarding common questions and concerns about quitting smoking and smoking-related illnesses. The side of the package also featured information on toxic emissions and constituent levels. In 2011, the TPIR were replaced for cigarettes and little cigars with the Tobacco Products Labelling Regulations (Cigarettes and Little Cigars). These regulations introduced the third and current set of 16 warnings in Canada. Currently, cigarette and little cigar packages in Canada must bear new graphic warning messages that cover 75% of the front and back of the package. The interior of each package contains 1 of
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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in September 2016 has sent warning letters for unlawful underage sales to online retailers and retailers of e-cigarettes. FDA regulations have also applied to the advertising of e-cigarettes since 2016. Per FDA regulations, e-cigarettes, e-liquid, and associated products cannot be advertised as safer than other tobacco products unless they have received modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) status. , this status has not been granted to any e-cigarette or e-liquid product. Though no companies have applied for an MRTP permit for their vaping products, similar heat-not-burn tobacco products have been denied MRTP status on the grounds that they are not safer
Regulation of electronic cigarettes
4199310
the text "SMOKING KILLS" or "TOBACCO KILLS" in English, covering at least 40% of the front of the pack, and retailers must display the cigarette packs in such a way that the pictures on pack are clearly visible. In January 2012 controversy arose when it was discovered an image of English footballer John Terry was used on a warning label. On 15 October 2014, Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan announced that only 15% of the surface of a pack of cigarettes could contain branding, and that the rest must be used for graphic and text health warnings. The Union Ministry
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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Public Health Service in 1919, and in 1922 was promoted to assistant surgeon general ahead of his peers. When the Virginia State Commissioner of Health died in 1931, the state's governor borrowed Draper to fill the position, which he did for three years. Five years after once again returning to the Public Health Service, in 1939, Draper was appointed as the Deputy Surgeon General, which position he held until his retirement. During World War II, Draper was brought into the United States Army with the rank of brigadier general, and served in Europe under General Dwight D. Eisenhower as a
Warren Fales Draper
20346061
commander, and the acting Surgeon-Field General was in charge in the hometown. On 17 December 1943, the title was changed from Surgeon-Field General ("generalfältläkare") to Surgeon-General ("generalläkare") when acting Surgeon-Field General David Lindsjö was nominated for this office. From 1969, the Surgeon-General was head of the Medical Board of the Swedish Armed Forces ("Försvarets sjukvårdsstyrelse") and the Medical Corps of the Swedish Armed Forces. Following the Swedish Armed Forces' reorganization in 1998, the Surgeon-General was part of the Joint Operations Command ("Operationsledningen", OPL) as head of the Medical Services Department, but was in his capacity as the supervisory authority for
Surgeon-General of the Swedish Armed Forces
5109284
Warning label A warning label is a label attached to an item, or contained in an item's instruction manual, warning the user about risks associated with the use of the item, and may include restrictions by the manufacturer or seller on certain uses. Most of them are placed to limit civil liability in lawsuits against the item's manufacturer or seller. That sometimes results in labels which for some people seem to state the obvious. In the United States warning labels were instituted under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. Cigarettes were not required to have warning labels
Warning label
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Warning label A warning label is a label attached to an item, or contained in an item's instruction manual, warning the user about risks associated with the use of the item, and may include restrictions by the manufacturer or seller on certain uses. Most of them are placed to limit civil liability in lawsuits against the item's manufacturer or seller. That sometimes results in labels which for some people seem to state the obvious. In the United States warning labels were instituted under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. Cigarettes were not required to have warning labels
Warning label
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photos of negative effects of smoking, like mouth cancer, impotence, and gangrene, are rotated every month, and on November 3, 2016, all cigarette packaging without graphic health warning messages are banned from sale. Labeling of cigarettes with "light" or "mild" is also forbidden by the Graphic Health Warning Act. Warning messages on Russian cigarette packets revised in 2013, falling in line with European Union standards. Note: 12 different variants. The warning messages on Serbian cigarette packets are visually similar to those in European Union countries, but the texts used in Serbia are not translated directly from EU-approved texts. Text warnings
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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Guard at Windsor Castle. In 1789, Macaulay's former commanding officer, John Graves Simcoe, recommended him to the post of surgeon to the New South Wales Regiment, but he did not go to Australia. When Simcoe was appointed Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada in 1791, he began organizing his staff before he set sail and he chose Macaulay to be his chief surgeon in the new Canadian colony. Macaulay accompanied Simcoe to Upper Canada, arriving at the provincial capital, Niagara-on-the-Lake, in 1792. The Macaulays enjoyed a close relationship with the Simcoes which immediately made them prominent members in local society, aided
James Macaulay
5125647
solely as neither a medical issue nor a mental health issue. Suicide prevention is risky for health professionals in terms of practitioner emotional distress and risk for malpractice suits. Being aware of the warning signs of suicide can allow individuals to direct people who may be considering suicide to get help. Warning signs include: Additionally, the national institute for mental health includes feeling burdonsome, and strong feelings of pain--either emotional or physical--as warning signs that someone may intend attempt suicide. Some signs that someone may attempt suicide include: The U.S. Surgeon General has suggested that screening to detect those at
Suicide prevention
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increased the restriction for grape variety to 90%, with exception of Cabernet Sauvignon which under Oregon wine laws can have a minimum 75%. Additionally, all US wine must include the Surgeon General warning about dangers associated with alcohol consumption and a warning about the possible use of sulfites. Several wineries and importers have had conflicts with the BATFE over these labeling requirements, one notable example being the importer Kermit Lynch. The criticism is typically centered on the absence of inclusion about the potential positive aspects of moderate wine consumption (such as the so-called "French paradox") and that many wineries are
Wine law
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constitutionality of both this act and the Food and Drug Administration's new graphic cigarette warning labels are being questioned under cigarette companies' first amendment rights. Eventually, the law is planned to require almost all tobacco advertisements to consist of black text on a white background, but the constitutionality of that requirement has come under scrutiny. After 1971, most tobacco advertising was done in magazines, newspapers, and on billboards. Since the introduction of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, all packaging and advertisements must display a health warning from the Surgeon General. In November 2003, tobacco companies and magazine publishers
Regulation of nicotine marketing
4199327
were first added on cigarette packets. They used blunt, straight-to-the-point messages such as 'Smoking causes lung cancer'. They were later replaced by graphic warnings in August 2004. They featured gory pictures and were printed with the messages: In 2016, the images and warnings were revised, with images focusing on damaged organs. The following warnings shows what is printed nowadays. From 1 January 2009, people possessing cigarettes without the SDPC (Singapore Duty Paid Cigarettes) label will be committing an offence under the Customs and GST Acts. The law was passed to distinguish non-duty paid, contraband cigarettes from duty-paid ones. Switzerland has
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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prior to the adoption of picture‐based warnings on tobacco packages, Peter Stuyvesant cigarettes were being sold in 'trendy retro‐style tins' which, unlike soft packets of cigarettes with on‐pack printed warnings, had health warning stickers that were easily peeled off. Retailers reported that the tins were very popular with younger smokers"", the report stated. In 2017, The Federal Health Department had conceded it will not be taking any action against Imperial Tobacco for breaching Australia's plain packaging legislation. It was reported in 2016 that Imperial Tobacco put soft packs inside Peter Stuyvesant 20-pack cigarettes which you could take out and throw
Peter Stuyvesant (cigarette)
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been the subject of inquiry into whether it is safer or more harmful than cigarettes in general. According to Anne Landman with the American Lung Association of Colorado, ""The technique used in the marketing of Lark through hospitals and the medical profession was exactly similar to that used in the marketing of Kent in 1952."" Ms. Landman's research, which began in 1998, further reveals that Liggett & Myer's marketing campaign several months before the release of the Surgeon General's 1964 Report on Smoking and Health was directed at creating the rumor that medical scientists endorsed Lark as the safest cigarette.
Lark (cigarette)
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claim that Baran was vindicated after the nomination of Turkish Foreign Minister Abdullah Gül for President led to significant public protests and the issuance of a cautionary statement from the Turkish General Staff. There were some tensions between the Turkish military and the ruling Justice and Development Party prior to the 2007 elections when the military issued a warning on the website of the Turkish General staff, which has been dubbed "e-warning." This did not prevent a resurgent Justice and Development Party from gaining over 46 percent of the popular vote in the July 2007 elections. There are allegations that
Zeyno Baran
3579284
Parliament (cigarette) Parliament is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris USA in the United States and Philip Morris International outside of the United States. The brand was launched in 1931 and is distinctive for its recessed paper filters. It was originally used as an advertising gimmick when cigarettes did not have filters. The first commercial cigarette filters came into use in 1935. Parliaments are one of few brands of cigarettes on the mainstream market to feature a recessed paper filter. Cigarette filters became common in most cigarettes in the 1950s. In the 1940s and
Parliament (cigarette)
8112058
of the treatment of tobacco-related diseases amounts to 6020 million Argentine pesos ($1324 million USD) per year, 15.5% of the total public expenditure on health care. The government collects 3500 million pesos per year in taxes on cigarettes. National Law 23344, passed on 29 August 1986, established restrictions on advertising and promotion of tobacco, and dictated that cigarette packs must include a legend warning that "Smoking is harmful to health", but did not include sanctions against violations of the law; these were added later, and then partially vetoed. In September 2003 Argentina signed the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,
Smoking in Argentina
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performance of the Boston Symphony's 1884–85 season. Amy would later recall one rehearsal for a Mendelssohn concerto in 1885, when the conductor slowed the orchestra during the last movement, attempting to go easy on the teenage soloist. When Amy began the piano part, however, she played at full prescribed tempo: "I did not know that he was sparing me, but I did know that the tempo dragged, and I swung the orchestra into time". Amy was married the same year (1885) to Dr. Henry Harris Aubrey Beach, a Boston surgeon twenty-four years her senior (she was eighteen at the time).
Amy Beach
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of Health amended the "Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Packaging and Labelling) Rules, 2008" to enforce the changes effective from 1 April 2015. However, the government decision to increase pictorial warnings on tobacco packets from April 1, was put on hold indefinitely, following the recommendations of a Parliamentary committee, which reportedly did not speak to health experts, but only spoke to tobacco lobby representatives. On April 5, 2016, the health ministry ordered government agencies to enforce this new rule. Following the intervention by the Parliamentary committee, NGO Health of Millions represented by Prashant Bhushan filed a petition in Supreme Court
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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sample 3-packs or one "long" sample 9-pack of commercial-grade cigarettes and a book of 20 cardboard moisture-resistant matches, a paper-wrapped P-38 can opener printed with instructions for its proper use, and typically 22.5 sheets of toilet paper (compared to 3 sheets for the British Army). The P-38 can openers were generally worn on the GI's "dog tag" chain to facilitate opening the next meal's cans. In 1945, the accessory pack was modified. Per the order of the Surgeon General, the halazone tablets were removed and salt tablets were added. Also, feedback from the field revealed that soldiers who smoked often
C-ration
9707856
excess weight, lowering high blood pressure, enhancing daily exercise, improving dietary choices, and eliminating smoking, thus aiding in preventing and reversing disease. CHIP is based on the foundation that 75 percent of our Western diseases are “lifestyle-related,” according to the U.S. Surgeon General. They relate to our rich diet; lack of exercise; use of cigarettes, alcohol, caffeine, level of stress, and the quality of our support. These diseases include: Before the educational program begins, a comprehensive health screen is conducted to establish risk factor levels of participants. The educational program is presented in two-hour sessions that meet four times a
Adventist Medical Center Manila
8064204
as having "really started to find his voice and range [on "Perfect Symmetry"]. It was our second album with him and he did some incredible stuff. It's also when he started to sing in a lower range and we welcomed that because that's the direction we wanted to head into anyway. Before that album, in terms of singing, we were like, 'the higher the better!'" It was also the band's first album with drummer Mark Zonder, who, according to Matheos, "helped us go in that progressive direction we wanted to go in. It was an even bigger change than when
Perfect Symmetry (Fates Warning album)
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engage in when smoking light cigarettes. A recent small-scale study led by nicotine researcher Neal Benowitz found that smokers who were switched to cigarettes with tobacco that contained progressively less nicotine did not compensate by smoking more cigarettes, although a significant minority of the smokers in the research withdrew from the study citing a dislike of the taste of the reduced-nicotine cigarettes. These results differ greatly from those obtained in earlier studies by Benowitz and others, where filter-based nicotine reduction was found to result in compensatory smoking behaviours. According to a USCF article on the study, Benowitz wanted to simulate
Ventilated cigarette
9010179
Rein Strikwerda Reinder (Rein) Strikwerda (3 June 1930, Franeker – 23 October 2006, De Bilt) was a Dutch orthopedic surgeon who reached international fame by describing and treating meniscus and knee injuries, specially those injuries that are typical to occur in sports like football. Strikwerda started his career as a physical therapist with the Dutch football club Go Ahead Eagles and later moved to FC Utrecht. When he became more famous he worked as a freelancer and did surgery on many of the great football players. He also did surgery on his own knee to show the technique and to
Rein Strikwerda
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BATF to allow him to add a statement about the benefit of wine to go with the Surgeon General's warning such as quotes by Louis Pasteur on the hygienic properties of wine, the Bible on wine's healing properties, and Thomas Jefferson on the pleasures that drinking wine can bring. After many trials, Lynch finally had his request approved. Lynch was a pioneer in the wine industry for his use of refrigerated shipping containers to prevent wines from being ruined by heat during shipping. Since most European wines arrive to the West Coast of the United States via the Panama Canal
Kermit Lynch
12000994
smoking more cigarettes per day, and/or by reflexively blocking the cigarette's filter. Due to these compensatory smoking behaviors, smokers of light cigarettes inhale significantly more nicotine and tar than what is measured by the ISO machine-smoking method. According to the 2004 Surgeon General's report, "Smoking cigarettes with lower machine-measured yields of tar and nicotine provides no clear benefit to health." The tobacco industry's own internal documents also reveal that cigarette manufacturers are aware of the difference between machine-measured levels of nicotine and tar, and those actually inhaled by smokers. The industry is also aware of the compensatory behaviors that smokers
Ventilated cigarette
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Maritime Command Headquarters, in Halifax, Nova Scotia as Deputy Command Surgeon. Shortly after arriving in Halifax, he was transferred to Air Command Winnipeg as Command Surgeon, and remained in the position until 1979, when he was posted to Ottawa to work on the staff of the Surgeon General as Director of Medical Operations and Training. From 1982 to 1985, he was posted to the National Defence Medical Centre (NDMC) as Commandant. In 1985, he was appointed Deputy Surgeon General and in 1988 was appointed Surgeon General. He remained in the position until his retirement from the military in 1990. After
Charles Joseph Knight
9615814
the same sale and purchase age restrictions as with other tobacco products in accordance with local laws. In the United Kingdom, tobacco duty is not charged on "nasal" snuff tobacco. In the United States, snuff is less readily available and typically is found only in specialty tobacco shops or online. Nasal snuff is subject to the warning label found on other smokeless tobacco products, "WARNING: This product is not a safe alternative to cigarettes", and the warning must appear on 30% of the packaging. Smokeless tobacco products including snuff are banned from sale in Australia but small quantities may be
Snuff (tobacco)
4199294
Canada, the warnings are provided in both English and French. Imported cigarettes to be sold in Canada which do not have the warnings are affixed with sticker versions when they are sold legally in Canada. Health Canada is also considering laws mandating plain packaging, in which legal tobacco product packaging would still include warning labels, but brand names, fonts, and colors would be replaced with simple unadorned text, thereby reducing the impact of tobacco industry marketing techniques. There have been complaints from some Canadians due to the graphic nature of the labels, but they generally enjoy wide public support. Starting
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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for leadership by then-Surgeon General Leonard A. Scheele. When Surgeon General Scheele stepped down in August 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated Burney on a recess appointment, and was sworn in as Surgeon General on August 8, 1956, and later confirmed by the Senate in January 1957. Surgeon General Burney applied his administrative know-how to steer PHS successfully through institutional growing pains as the agency responded to new and, at times, conflicting demands from the public, professional and voluntary advocacy groups, the parent Department, and the Congress. The key issues of the day were environmental health and access to health
Leroy Edgar Burney
6015930
than 300 performances a year. For three years, The Limeliters were the musical representatives for Coca-Cola. Their rendition of the jingle, "Things Go Better with Coke" became a national hit. The group also did commercial work for L&M cigarettes. In 1963 they sang several songs for the film "McLintock!". The group's career nearly came to an end when they suffered a plane crash in Provo, Utah while on tour. Yarbrough left the group in 1963. Gottlieb and Hassilev continued the Limeliters but only as a recording act, recruiting former Gateway Singers tenor Ernie Sheldon (r.n. Ernest Lieberman) as Yarbrough's replacement.
The Limeliters
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of the United States, but an interview with then-United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy did not go as he had hoped. Instead, Elman was nominated to a seat on the Federal Trade Commission. The United States Senate confirmed the nomination. Elman served on the FTC from 1961 to 1970. While at the FTC, his main agenda was enforcing federal laws against false advertising. His actions led to the FTC requiring warning labels on cigarette packs in the United States. One of Elman's assistants at the FTC was a young Richard Posner, who went on to become a professor at
Philip Elman
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was educated at St. Louis Medical College and graduated from Bellevue Medical College in 1882 with a M.D. degree. He did postdoctoral studies in pathology and bacteriology at the Carnegie Laboratory where he became the first bacteriology student and studied cholera. Then he was a visiting scientist in Europe under Robert Koch. He was awarded a Ph.D. from Georgetown University in 1896. On October 4, 1886, Dr. Kinyoun began his career in the Marine Hospital Service at Staten Island Quarantine Station as an assistant surgeon, taking over direction of the Laboratory of Hygiene in 1887. When the Surgeon General moved
Joseph J. Kinyoun
4585400
causally related to cigarette smoking. Congress previously passed the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act in 1965; requiring that all cigarette packages sold in the United States carry a health warning. But after a recommendation by the Federal Trade Commission, the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act amended the 1965 law so that the warnings are made in the name of the Surgeon General. One of the major advocates of the cigarette advertising ban was the Federal Communications Commission. The FCC argued that since the topic of smoking is controversial, numerous TV and radio stations continued to break the Fairness Doctrine when
Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act
20292791
countries are unplanned. That means that many women don’t realize they are pregnant during the early stages and that they continue drinking when pregnant." Starting in 1981, the surgeon general of the United States started releasing a warning asking pregnant women to abstain from alcohol for the remainder of gestation. The American Academy of Pediatrics issued set of recommendations in 2015: "During pregnancy no amount of alcohol intake should be considered safe; there is no safe trimester to drink alcohol; all forms of alcohol, such as beer, wine, and liquor, pose similar risk; and binge drinking poses dose-related risk to
Alcohol and pregnancy
15732938
include: There are two main methods of laparoscopic repair: "transabdominal preperitoneal" ("TAPP") and "totally extra-peritoneal" ("TEP") repair. When performed by a surgeon experienced in hernia repair, laparoscopic repair causes fewer complications than Lichtenstein, particularly less chronic pain. However, if the surgeon is experienced in general laparoscopic surgery but not in the specific subject of laparoscopic hernia surgery, laparoscopic repair is not advised as it causes more recurrence risk than Lichtenstein while also presenting risks of serious complications, as organ injury. Indeed, the TAPP approach needs to go through the abdomen. All that said, many surgeons are moving to laparoscopic methodologies
Inguinal hernia surgery
20796103
Walter McCaw Walter Drew McCaw (February 10, 1863 – July 7, 1939) was a surgeon for the United States of America during the Spanish–American War, and became a brigadier general. He also became Chief Surgeon. Walter Drew McCaw was born on February 10, 1863, in Richmond, Virginia, to James Brown McCaw and Delia Patterson McCaw. In 1882, McCaw received his M.D. from the Medical College of Virginia, he also went to study at Columbia until 1884, he would go on to receive his doctorate in science there in 1932. In 1884, McCaw was commissioned as an assistant surgeon, then became
Walter McCaw
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labels were put on music products that contained potentially offensive lyrics; this was done with the agreement of the recording companies. In 1989, alcohol was required to have their surgeon general’s warning. Several federal agencies are involved in the business of warning-labels, including the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI warning labels have been appeared since 1975 in rented movies warning people about video piracy. There are three levels of warning, CAUTION, WARNING and DANGER: History of warning labels in the US The history of warning labels in the United
History of warning labels in the US
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is an EEA member: On the front of cigarette and cigar packages, covering about 30% of the area: On the back of cigarette and cigar packages, covering about 45% of the area: Tobacco products like snus and chewing tobacco have the following warning printed on them: All cigarettes are required by a Statutory Order 1219(I)/2008 dated 25 September 2008, published in the Gazette of Pakistan dated 24 November 2008, to carry rotational health warnings from 1 July 2009. Under the previous law, health warnings were not required to be rotated. Each health warning will be printed for a period of
Tobacco packaging warning messages
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proposed a mandatory cigarette label that warned, "CAUTION: cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health and may cause death from cancer and other diseases." However, legislation ultimately passed by Congress required a warning label with less dire language:"CAUTION: CIGARETTE SMOKING MAY BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH." In 1965, the United States Congress passed the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA), which required a health warning on all cigarette packs. In 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, which banned cigarettes ads on the radio or television. It also required an updated warning on the cigarette
Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration