a cohen 's d of -- 0.19 is what type of effect size
Small
2546288
sponsored report said "The widespread indiscriminate use of Cohen’s generic small, medium, and large effect size values to characterize effect sizes in domains to which his normative values do not apply is thus likewise inappropriate and misleading." They suggested that "appropriate norms are those based on distributions of effect sizes for comparable outcome measures from comparable interventions targeted on comparable samples." Thus if a study in a field where most interventions are tiny yielded a small effect (by Cohen's criteria), these new criteria would call it "large". In a related point, see Abelson's paradox and Sawilowsky's paradox. Further explanations Effect
Effect size
3018437
those with small hands. The weapon has fixed sights. There are four variants of the 9000S—two calibers and each caliber in one of two configuration types, e.g. the 9000S Type D in 9×19 mm is sometimes referred to as "9000S D9", whereas the .40 S&W in Type F configuration would be "9000 F40". The 9000 series is available in 9×19mm and .40 S&W calibers in either D or F configurations denoting traditional double-action and decocker models respectively. Beretta 9000 The Beretta 9000 is a series of modern compact size semi-automatic pistols designed and manufactured by Beretta of Italy. It is
Beretta 9000
2546251
a non-null statistical comparison will always show a statistically significant result unless the population effect size is exactly zero (and even there it will show statistical significance at the rate of the Type I error used). For example, a sample Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.01 is statistically significant if the sample size is 1000. Reporting only the significant "p"-value from this analysis could be misleading if a correlation of 0.01 is too small to be of interest in a particular application. The term "effect size" can refer to a standardized measure of effect (such as "r", Cohen's "d", or the
Effect size
3935383
primary limitation of the type was the small size of the firebox, which limited power output. In passenger service, it was eventually superseded by the 4-6-2 Pacific type whose trailing truck allowed it to carry a greatly enlarged firebox. Prussia and Saxonia however went directly to the 2-8-2 Mikado type (pr. P10(39) / sax. XX HV(19) class); Karl Gölsdorf reversed the 2'C1 „Pacific“ type to the 2-6-4 Adriatic type to accommodate an even larger firebox and better curve performance (type 310). For freight service, the addition of a fourth driving axle created the 4-8-0 Mastodon type, which was rare in
4-6-0
2546246
role in power analyses, sample size planning, and in meta-analyses. They are the first item (magnitude) in the MAGIC criteria for evaluating the strength of a statistical claim. Especially in meta-analysis, where the purpose is to combine multiple effect sizes, the standard error (S.E.) of the effect size is of critical importance. The S.E. of the effect size is used to weigh effect sizes when combining studies, so that large studies are considered more important than small studies in the analysis. The S.E. of the effect size is calculated differently for each type of effect size, but generally only requires
Effect size
2546285
is not comparable to the noncentrality parameter formula_71 of the corresponding "t". Actually, formula_72, and formula_73. Whether an effect size should be interpreted as small, medium, or large depends on its substantive context and its operational definition. Cohen's conventional criteria "small", "medium", or "big" are near ubiquitous across many fields, although Cohen cautioned: "The terms 'small,' 'medium,' and 'large' are relative, not only to each other, but to the area of behavioral science or even more particularly to the specific content and research method being employed in any given investigation...In the face of this relativity, there is a certain risk
Effect size
15620575
printing directly from the leaves onto Japanese tissue. "Fass was essentially a private printer, working alone at his own pace. What he did was done for his own pleasure. But his work, small in size and issued in minuscule editions, was exquisite and executed with impeccable taste. He was a genius at the arrangement of type, ornaments, and wood engravings. Every piece he produced was a small gem, for Fass had the time, skill, and materials to print everything by hand patiently and perfectly," according to collector Aveve Cohen. Despite Fass' modesty about his YMCA printing projects, his friends were
John Fass
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size, the significance level increases with the sample size. Unlike the "t"-test statistic, the effect size aims to estimate a population parameter and is not affected by the sample size. Cohen's "d" is defined as the difference between two means divided by a standard deviation for the data, "i.e." Jacob Cohen defined "s", the pooled standard deviation, as (for two independent samples): where the variance for one of the groups is defined as and similar for the other group. The table below contains descriptors for magnitudes of "d" = 0.01 to 2.0, as initially suggested by Cohen and expanded by
Effect size
10110466
Jacob Cohen (statistician) Jacob Cohen (April 20, 1923 – January 20, 1998) was a United States statistician and psychologist best known for his work on statistical power and effect size, which helped to lay foundations for current statistical meta-analysis and the methods of estimation statistics. He gave his name to such measures as Cohen's kappa, Cohen's d, and Cohen's h. In addition to being an advocate of power analysis and effect size, Cohen was a critic of reliance on, and lack of understanding of, significance testing procedures used in statistics, especially misunderstandings of null hypothesis significance testing. In particular, he
Jacob Cohen (statistician)
2546253
size" when paired quantitative data are available; for instance if one were studying the relationship between birth weight and longevity. The correlation coefficient can also be used when the data are binary. Pearson's "r" can vary in magnitude from −1 to 1, with −1 indicating a perfect negative linear relation, 1 indicating a perfect positive linear relation, and 0 indicating no linear relation between two variables. Cohen gives the following guidelines for the social sciences: A related "effect size" is "r", the coefficient of determination (also referred to as "R" or ""r"-squared"), calculated as the square of the Pearson correlation
Effect size
16412091
Coons patch In mathematics, a Coons patch, is a type of manifold parametrization used in computer graphics to smoothly join other surfaces together, and in computational mechanics applications, particularly in finite element method and boundary element method, to mesh problem domains into elements. Coons patches are named after Steven Anson Coons, and date to 1967. Given four space curves "c"("s"), "c"("s"), "d"("t"), "d"("t") which meet at four corners "c"(0) = "d"(0), "c"(1) = "d"(0), "c"(0) = "d"(1), "c"(1) = "d"(1); linear interpolation can be used to interpolate between "c" and "c", that is and between "d", "d" producing two ruled
Coons patch
17958925
21,640㎥/s(PMF)<br> ◦ Height 35.0m <br> ◦ Crest EL.545.0m <br> ◦ Length 238.0m Spillway<br> ◦ Radial Gate Size W10.0m×7Gates (EL.518.0m) <br> ◦ Under Sluice Gate Size W10.0m×4Gates (EL.515.0m) <br> ◦ Energy Dissipation Submerged Bucket River Diversion<br> ◦ Type Partial cofferdam(1st) + Sheet File(2nd)<br> ◦ Design Flood 2,517㎥/s (25yr frequency) Intake Weir<br> ◦ Gate Nos. 2 EA <br> ◦ Gate Size 10.0 × 12.0m Headrace Tunnel<br> ◦ Size D=7.75m <br> ◦ Type Modified horseshoe(Concrete lined) <br> ◦ Length 3,063.5m Surge Tank<br> ◦ Type Simple Type <br> ◦ Size D=29.0m(Circular) <br> ◦ Height 54.0m <br> ◦ Max Upsurging Level EL.556.523m <br> ◦ Max
Gulpur Hydropower Project
2012840
induce relaxation or treat smoking, obesity, alcohol intake or chronic pain were analyzed. The statistic of interest, d, is a measure of the size of the treatment effect. For reference, d=0.5 is considered a moderate effect and d=0.8 a large effect. The 19 subjects who underwent chamber REST had d=0.53 and six flotation REST subjects showed d=0.33. Additionally, when examining subjects undergoing REST treatment and REST in conjunction with another treatment method, there was little difference. However, Flotation REST has the advantage of a lower duration required (45 minutes as opposed to 24 hours). The use of REST has been
Sensory deprivation
13678099
with nortriptyline. N-demethylation has the effect of boosting noradrenergic activity, but does not increase binding to the dopamine active transporter. PRC025 has the in vitro MAT order of potency S>N>D whereas for PRC050 the affinity for the transporters is N>S>D. Currently the thinking is that PRC050 should be preferred to PRC025 on the basis that it is the more potent of the two compounds. Liang and Richelson actually believe that a nomifensine type analog with an order of potency N>D>S would be optimal. Their reasoning for N>D is that this would limit abuse liability, and D>S is that this would
PRC200
3305592
"S"⊂"A" of size "k". Mark the relative size of the sub-population in the sample (|"B"∩"S"|/|"S"|) by "r". Then, for every fraction "d"∈[0,1]: In particular, if "B" is a majority in "A" (i.e. "r" > 0.5) we can bound the probability that "B" will remain majority in "S" ("r">0.5) by taking: "d" = 1 - 1 / (2 "r"): This bound is of course not tight at all. For example, when "r"=0.5 we get a trivial bound "Prob" > 0. Let . Taking in (), we obtain: Now, knowing that , we have Therefore, we can easily compute the infimum, using
Chernoff bound
15710268
1 condition is resolved in D-type flip-flops. By setting S = R = 0, the flip-flop can be used as described above. Here is the truth table for the others S and R possible configurations: These flip-flops are very useful, as they form the basis for shift registers, which are an essential part of many electronic devices. The advantage of the D flip-flop over the D-type "transparent latch" is that the signal on the D input pin is captured the moment the flip-flop is clocked, and subsequent changes on the D input will be ignored until the next clock event.
Flip-flop (electronics)
10121592
the relevant planet what the structural composition is. For Gliese 876 d, calculations range from 9,200 km (1.4 Earth radii) for a rocky planet and very large iron core to 12,500 km (2.0 Earth radii) for a watery and icy planet. Within this range of radii the super-Earth Gliese 876 d would have a surface gravity between 1.9g and 3.3g (19 and 32 m/s). However, this planet is not known to transit its host star. The limit between rocky planets and planets with a thick gaseous envelope is calculated with theoretical models. Calculating the effect of the active XUV saturation
Super-Earth
8294379
fixed sphere "S"(0,"R") with centre 0 and radius "R", the inversion of a point "x" in R is defined to be A useful effect of this inversion is that the origin 0 is the image of formula_2, and formula_2 is the image of 0. Under this inversion, spheres are transformed into spheres, and the exterior of a sphere is transformed to the interior, and vice versa. The Kelvin transform of a function is then defined by: If "D" is an open subset of R which does not contain 0, then for any function "f" defined on "D", the Kelvin transform
Kelvin transform
8000952
“Netanyahu’s Contempt for the Holocaust,” Ha’artez, March 19, 2012, http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/netanyahu-s-contempt-for-the-holocaust-1.419462. “Israel Fears Losing Nuclear Monopoly, Talks of War with Iran,” Al Monitor, February 14, 2012, http://www.al-monitor.com/cms/contents/articles/opinion/2012/avner-cohen/israel-fears-losing-nuclear-mono.html. Selected Citations “What About Israel’s Nukes?,” The New Yorker, March 5, 2012, by John Cassidy, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2012/03/what-about-israels-nukes.html. “Preventing a Nuclear Iran, Peacefully,” New York Times, January 15, 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/16/opinion/preventing-a-nuclear-iran-peacefully.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=avner%20cohen&st=cse. “The Real Lesson of Iraq,” The New York Times, November 28, 2011, by Malfrid Braut-Hegghammer, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/29/opinion/the-real-lesson-of-iraq.html?_r=1. Avner Cohen Avner Cohen (born 1951) is a writer, historian, and professor, and is well known for his works on Israel's nuclear history and strategic policy. He is currently a
Avner Cohen
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is Proving Countability in Cohen-Macaulay homomorphic ring mappings from domain to submanifold. Dimension function In mathematics, the notion of an (exact) dimension function (also known as a gauge function) is a tool in the study of fractals and other subsets of metric spaces. Dimension functions are a generalisation of the simple "diameter to the dimension" power law used in the construction of "s"-dimensional Hausdorff measure. Consider a metric space ("X", "d") and a subset "E" of "X". Given a number "s" ≥ 0, the "s"-dimensional Hausdorff measure of "E", denoted "μ"("E"), is defined by where "μ"("E") can be thought of
Dimension function
6923697
known survivor of this Type, Republic Steel Corp. #285 is an ALCO (Richmond) Product built in 1925, is at the Kentucky Railway Museum, New Haven, KY. It is unknown if any more USRA 0-8-0's of this type exist. USRA 0-8-0 The USRA 0-8-0 was a USRA standard class of steam locomotive designed under the control of the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized railroad system in the United States during World War I. This was the standard heavy switcher of the USRA types, and was of 0-8-0 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or "D" in UIC classification. A total
USRA 0-8-0
368750
potential. This is the origin of the remarkable properties of He-II such as the fountain effect. In order to rewrite Eq. in more familiar form we use the general formula Here "S" is the molar entropy and "V" the molar volume. With Eq. μ("p","T") can be found by a line integration in the p-T plane. First we integrate from the origin (0,0) to ("p",0), so at "T" =0. Next we integrate from ("p",0) to ("p","T"), so with constant pressure (see figure 6). In the first integral d"T"=0 and in the second d"p"=0. With Eq. we obtain We are interested only
Superfluid helium-4
16127925
decreases with increasing formula_1. If the energy dissipated within the damage zone of width formula_85 is added, one obtains the Bažant (1984) size effect law (Type 2): (Fig. 4c,d) where formula_100 = constants, where formula_54 = tensile strength of material, and formula_102 accounts for the structure geometry. For more complex geometries such an intuitive derivation is not possible. However, dimensional analysis coupled with asymptotic matching showed that Eq. 8 is applicable in general, and that the dependence of its parameters on the structure geometry has approximately the following form: where formula_103 half of the FPZ length, formula_104 = relative initial
Size effect on structural strength
5939922
rate sensitivity and critical strain mark the beginning of the PLC effect, people have developed a system to describe the serrations themselves. These types are often dependent on strain rate, temperature, and grain size. While usually the bands are labeled A, B, and C some sources have added a D and E type Bands. Because the type A, B, and C type bands are most found in literature they will be the only ones covered here. Type A bands are often seen at high strain rate and low temperatures. They are a random development of bands that form over the
Portevin–Le Chatelier effect
8263048
& Fouts, D. H. (1999). My brother’s keeper. In M. Rowe (Ed.) The way of compassion. New York: Stealth Technologies, 192-194 Fouts, R. S. & Fouts, D. H. (1999). Chimpanzee sign language research. In P. Dolhinow & A. Fuentes (Eds.) The nonhuman primates. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Co., 252-256. Fouts, D. H. & Fouts, R. S. (2000) Our emotional kin. In M. Bekoff (Ed.) The smile of a dolphin. New York: Discovery Books/ Random House, pp. 204–207. Jensvold, M. L., Sanz, C., Fouts, R. S., & Fouts, D. H. (2001) Effect of enclosure size and complexity of the behaviors
Deborah Fouts
993513
Strange quark The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic particles called hadrons. Example of hadrons containing strange quarks include kaons (), strange D mesons (), Sigma baryons (), and other strange particles. According to the IUPAP the symbol s is the official name, while strange is to be considered only as a mnemonic. The name sideways has also been used because the s quark has a I value of 0 while the u (“up”) and d (“down”) quarks have
Strange quark
20271523
Philip F. Cohen Philip F. Cohen (born September 3, 1950) is a Canadian clinical director of Nuclear Medicine working out of the Lions Gate Hospital in North Vancouver, British Columbia. As a nuclear medicine physician, he is a pioneer in the usage of 3-D imaging techniques to improve diagnosis of bone disease and injury in collaboration with the Medical Imaging Research Group at University of British Columbia. Furthermore, Cohen has been involved in clinical research trials of new radiopharmaceuticals. To that effect, Cohen was the first recipient of a research grant from the Lions Gate Hospital Foundation, one of several
Philip F. Cohen
20271529
was renamed eponymously. Established in 1994, Cohen created a private foundation to support the specialty of Nuclear Medicine. Philip F. Cohen Philip F. Cohen (born September 3, 1950) is a Canadian clinical director of Nuclear Medicine working out of the Lions Gate Hospital in North Vancouver, British Columbia. As a nuclear medicine physician, he is a pioneer in the usage of 3-D imaging techniques to improve diagnosis of bone disease and injury in collaboration with the Medical Imaging Research Group at University of British Columbia. Furthermore, Cohen has been involved in clinical research trials of new radiopharmaceuticals. To that effect,
Philip F. Cohen
336651
Engineering shear strains are double the value of the corresponding tensor shear, such as "S" = 2"S" and so on. This also means that "s" = , where "G" is the shear modulus. In total, there are four piezoelectric coefficients, "d", "e", "g", and "h" defined as follows: where the first set of four terms corresponds to the direct piezoelectric effect and the second set of four terms corresponds to the converse piezoelectric effect. For those piezoelectric crystals for which the polarization is of the crystal-field induced type, a formalism has been worked out that allows for the calculation of
Piezoelectricity
20683808
approach, it means a (negative) infinite slope (d"s"/d"T"=0). The terms of wet, dry and isentropic refer to the quality of vapour after the working fluid undergoes an isentropic (reversible adiabatic) expansion process from saturated vapour state. During an isentropic expansion process the working fluid always ends in the two-phase (also called wet) zone, if it is a wet-type fluid. If the fluid is of dry-type, the isentropic expansion necessarily ends in the superheated (also called dry) steam zone. If the working fluid is of isentropic-type, after an isentropic expansion process the fluid stays in saturated vapour state. The quality of
Working fluids
10391821
(0-04, 0-04f), S Moloney (0-01), A Kerin (1-02). Subs: S Gibbons for Davey, A Waters (0-01) for O'Reilly, S Durkin for O'Connor, D McCabe for O'Mahony. Ballyboden St Enda’s: P Durcan; B Dwan (0-03); S Hiney; S Clayton; S O’Connor (0-01); D Nelson; S Durkin (0-02); MD Macauley (0-01); A Waters; D O’Reilly (0-01); C Basquel (1-01); R McDaid; A Kerin (1-02, 1–0 pen); C Keaney (0-01); R Basquel (0-02); Subs: C Flaherty for Nelson blood; S Lambert for Macauley;, S Molony for R Basquel; D Davey for O’Reilly; D McCabe for Waters; S Gibbons for McDaid. The 'Boden Senior
Ballyboden St. Enda's GAA
7187289
of "G". It acts transitively on "D" so that "H"* / "K" is the dual Hermitian symmetric space of noncompact type. The inclusions "D" ⊂ "A" ⊂ "X" reproduce the Borel and Harish-Chandra embeddings. The classification of Hermitian symmetric spaces of tube type reduces to that of simple Euclidean Jordan algebras. These were classified by in terms of [[Euclidean Hurwitz algebra]]s, a special type of [[composition algebra]]. In general a Hermitian symmetric space gives rise to a 3-graded Lie algebra with a period 2 conjugate linear automorphism switching the parts of degree ±1 and preserving the degree 0 part. This
Hermitian symmetric space
14590058
2015, been evaluated in over 130 randomized clinical trials for a variety of client problems. Overall, when compared to other active treatments designed or known to be helpful, the effect size for ACT is a Cohen's d of around 0.6, which is considered a medium effect size. Functional analytic psychotherapy is based on a functional analysis of the therapeutic relationship. It places a greater emphasis on the therapeutic context and returns to the use of in-session reinforcement. The basic FAP analysis utilizes what is called the "clinically relevant behavior" (CRB1), which is the client's presenting problem as presented in-session. Client
Clinical behavior analysis
16552143
Josh Cohen (tennis) Josh Cohen (born September 17, 1984) is the former coach of the Philadelphia Freedoms of World TeamTennis. Cohen was ranked top-ten in the world in juniors, and ranked No. 1 nationally in every USTA age group from the 12’s through the 18’s. He competed in all four Grand Slams, reaching the quarterfinals of the French Open Junior Championships as well as the U.S. Open Round of 16. Cohen finished his juniors career ranked No. 19 in the world. Cohen played collegiate tennis at the University of Miami. Cohen graduated with Dean’s List and All-American honors, becoming the
Josh Cohen (tennis)
14237178
Rio Grande 223 Denver and Rio Grande Western 223 is one of a class of 28 2-8-0, Consolidation type, narrow gauge steam railway locomotives built for the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad by the Grant Locomotive Works of Paterson, New Jersey in 1881-82. Number 223 was completed in December, 1881, at a cost of $11,553. Baldwin built an additional 25 locomotives in the same class at the same time. Although the Utah State Historical Society suggests that the 223 worked in Utah (the Utah operations of what became the D&RGW were narrow gauge until 1890), and the 223's National Register
Rio Grande 223
17541010
it and began development of "Agito": eventually, they settled on smartphones as the release platform of choice, partly because the platforms' progress since "Type-0" started development. One of Tabata's wishes for the title was that players unfamiliar with "Type-0" would download and play it. Development on the game began in September 2012. During development, Tabata considered "Type-0" to have become the prototype for "Agito", although it did not share much with its predecessor. The game's story grew out of what he originally conceived for "Agito XIII" before it evolved into "Type-0". In contrast to "Type-0"s dark and serious storyline, the
Final Fantasy Agito
2784555
completed the availability on 19 April and put to sea to conduct Fleet Research Project Number 69. She finished her work on the research project on 7 May and returned to Charleston. "Tattnall" resumed normal operations until 30 August when she put to sea to conduct the first of two additional tasks for the Chief of Naval Operations. This project, designated D/S 336, sought to insure her combat readiness prior to the second project, 0/S 102. During project D/S 336, "Tattnall"’s crew averaged 10 to 12 hours a day at general quarters as they tracked single and multiple-plane air raids
USS Tattnall (DDG-19)
4107165
Felix S. Cohen Felix Solomon Cohen (July 3, 1907 – October 19, 1953) was an American lawyer and scholar who made a lasting mark on legal philosophy and fundamentally shaped federal Indian law and policy. Felix S. Cohen was born in Manhattan, New York in 1907 and grew up in Yonkers. Cohen attended the City College of New York, and received an M.A. and Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard University in 1927 and 1929, respectively. Cohen entered Columbia Law School in 1928 and graduated in 1931. He was the legislation and book review editor of the "Columbia Law Review", serving
Felix S. Cohen
6926462
satisfactory, non-circular computing machine that goes on printing the diagonal numbers's 1's and 0's forever. (We will see the same thing if N is reset to 1 and R is reset to 0.) If the reader does not believe this, they can write a "stub" for decision-machine D (stub "D" will return "satisfactory") and then see for themselves what happens at the instant machine H encounters its own number. Less than one page long, the passage from premises to conclusion is obscure. Turing proceeds by "reductio ad absurdum". He asserts the existence of a machine E, which when given the
Turing's proof
8787827
= "x") as "M"("x") and "Y"("x"), respectively, we obtain what came to be known as "potential outcomes" or "structural counterfactuals". These new variables provide convenient notation for defining direct and indirect effects. In particular, four types of effects have been defined for the transition from "X" = 0 to "X" = 1: (a) Total effect – (b) Controlled direct effect - (c) Natural direct effect - (d) Natural indirect effect Where "E"[ ] stands for expectation taken over the error terms. These effects have the following interpretations: A controlled version of the indirect effect does not exist because there is
Mediation (statistics)
4107171
to write and advocate regarding Federal Indian Law, publishing The Erosion of Indian Rights 1950-1953: A Case Study in Bureaucracy, 62 Yale L. J. 348 (1952–53), shortly before his untimely death in 1953. Cohen had also become increasingly committed to fighting other forms of oppression, in particular to securing the rights of immigrants and ethnic minorities. His major articles are anthologized in "The Legal Conscience: Selected Papers of Felix S. Cohen", which was edited and assembled by his widow Lucy Kramer Cohen in 1960. Felix S. Cohen Felix Solomon Cohen (July 3, 1907 – October 19, 1953) was an American
Felix S. Cohen
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exist. (The average effect sizes, computed in several accepted ways, ranged from d = -0.016 to d = 0.095; corrected for publication bias, the average effect size was 0.) Under circumscribed conditions(i.e. if the actor was portrayed as highly idiosyncratic, or in negative events), it could sometimes be found, but under other conditions, the opposite was found. The conclusion was that the widely held assumption of an actor-observer asymmetry in attribution was false. In contrast to the article, other research has shown a strong presence of the actor-observer asymmetry even in instances with familiar people. conducted a study on pairs
Actor–observer asymmetry
5835739
or empty, type: If the file specified by the first positional parameter to the shell procedure, $1, does not exist or is of size 0, the test command displays the message. If $1 exists and has a size greater than 0, the test command displays nothing. Note: There must be a space between the -s function and the file name. The quotation marks around $1 ensure that the test works properly even if the value of $1 is a null string. If the quotation marks are omitted and $1 is the empty string, the test command displays the error message:
Test (Unix)
3860239
by the type designation. In the first Setra series, the number of seats was alone. In the second series (series 100), a 0 or 5 was affiixed, one of the numbers preceded in each of the following series (series 200, 300 and 400). Example: S 8 (= 8 seat rows), S 140 (= 14 seat rows), S 215 (= 15 seat rows), S 417 (= 17 seat rows) or S 319 UL (= 19 seat rows). The seats are reduced by comforter buildings or a certain star classification; The type designation is retained. Starting from the series 200, additions after
Setra
12559604
larger" often refers to an angular size comparison rather than a linear size comparison. Additional confusion has resulted from widespread use of the ambiguous terms "apparent size" and "perceived size", because they sometimes have referred to "θ′" and sometimes to "S′" without clarification, so the reader must try to ascertain what they mean. Also, in astronomy, "apparent size" refers to the physical angle "θ" rather than to the "subjective" apparent visual angle "θ′". How the three perceived values "θ′", "S′", and "D′" would be expected to relate to each other for a given object is illustrated by Figure 2 and
Perceived visual angle
17587578
data groupings. Cumming plots can be generated with the ESCI package, DABEST, or the Estimation Stats app. In addition to the mean difference, there are numerous other effect size types, all with relative benefits. Major types include Cohen's d-type effect sizes, and the coefficient of determination (R) for regression analysis. For non-normal distributions, there are a number of more robust effect sizes, including Cliff's delta and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. In hypothesis testing, the primary objective of statistical calculations is to obtain a p-value, the probability of seeing an obtained result, or a more extreme result, when assuming the null hypothesis
Estimation statistics
768332
and densities similar to those of a C- or D-type asteroid. Like most bodies of its size, Deimos is highly non-spherical with triaxial dimensions of 15 × 12.2 × 11 km, making it 56% of the size of Phobos. Deimos is composed of rock rich in carbonaceous material, much like C-type asteroids and carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. It is cratered, but the surface is noticeably smoother than that of Phobos, caused by the partial filling of craters with regolith. The regolith is highly porous and has a radar-estimated density of only 1.471 g/cm. Escape velocity from Deimos is 5.6 m/s. The
Deimos (moon)
16756604
(musician)'s "Caravan Tonight" (1974) and Chris Robison's "Chris Robison and His Many Hand Band" (1973), is one of the first to deal with openly gay themes and issues within the song lyrics. The style of the album is very much within the folk-rock genre and it includes the song "Bitterfeast" which adapts a poem by Cohen's namesake and fellow singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen. Musicians who played on the album include the drummer Kevin Kelley. What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS
What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)
723722
work by several decades. The statistical theory surrounding meta-analysis was greatly advanced by the work of Nambury S. Raju, Larry V. Hedges, Harris Cooper, Ingram Olkin, John E. Hunter, Jacob Cohen, Thomas C. Chalmers, Robert Rosenthal, Frank L. Schmidt, and Douglas G. Bonett. Conceptually, a meta-analysis uses a statistical approach to combine the results from multiple studies in an effort to increase power (over individual studies), improve estimates of the size of the effect and/or to resolve uncertainty when reports disagree. A meta-analysis is a statistical overview of the results from one or more systematic reviews. Basically, it produces a
Meta-analysis
8675
the context of ANOVA in order to assess the probability of successfully rejecting the null hypothesis if we assume a certain ANOVA design, effect size in the population, sample size and significance level. Power analysis can assist in study design by determining what sample size would be required in order to have a reasonable chance of rejecting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true. Several standardized measures of effect have been proposed for ANOVA to summarize the strength of the association between a predictor(s) and the dependent variable or the overall standardized difference of the complete model. Standardized
Analysis of variance
926604
of the cube, but orthogonal to all other struts. If the Cartesian coordinates of one strut are ("0,d,l") and ("0,d,–l"), those of its parallel strut will be, respectively, ("0,–d,–l") and ("0,–d,l"). The coordinates of the other strut ends (vertices) are obtained by permuting the coordinates, e.g., "(0,d,l)→(d,l,0)→(l,0,d)" (rotational symmetry in the main diagonal of the cube). The distance "s" between any two neighboring vertices (0,"d", "l") and ("d", "l", 0) is Imagine this figure built from struts of given length 2"l" and tendons (connecting neighboring vertices) of given length "s", with formula_2. The relation tells us there are two possible
Tensegrity
13433020
produces another solution ("d", "e", "xy") that is smaller (0 < "d" < "x"). As before, there must be a lower bound on the size of solutions, while this argument always produces a smaller solution than any given one, and thus the original solution is impossible. In this case, the two factors are coprime. Since their product is a square "z", they must each be a square The numbers "s" and "t" are both odd, since "s" + "t" = 2 "x", an even number, and since "x" and "y" cannot both be even. Therefore, the sum and difference of
Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents
6148142
Kingdom in 1987, when he had a brief spell under former Liverpool teammate Graeme Souness at Rangers, before ending his career with Maccabi Netanya. He also played for the Israeli national team, making his debut on 19 July 1976 during the 1976 Summer Olympics in a 0–0 draw against Guatemala. On 9 October 1984, Cohen scored his first goal against Greece in a 2–2 friendly draw. He was capped 51 times, scoring 3 goals. His son, Tamir, is also a professional footballer who plays for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Premier League and the Israeli national team. Cohen was married
Avi Cohen
18141447
large number of the supporting cast were killed off near the end. Tabata wanted to create a story depicting different fates for "Type-0"s characters, and this decision was supported by both staff members and fans of the original. He also implemented the ability for players to decide the course of the story, which was to have been included in the "Type-0" when it was still known as "Agito XIII". "Final Fantasy Agito" was given a more upbeat atmosphere when compared to "Type-0", although dark and more dramatic moments were still present. The story grew out of what Tabata originally envisioned
Characters of the Final Fantasy Type-0 universe
186937
be a metric space. If "S" ⊂ "X" and "d" ∈ [0, ∞), the "d"-dimensional Hausdorff content of "S" is defined by In other words, formula_2 is the infimum of the set of numbers δ ≥ 0 such that there is some (indexed) collection of balls formula_3 covering "S" with "r" > 0 for each "i" ∈ "I" that satisfies formula_4. (Here, we use the standard convention that inf Ø = ∞.) The Hausdorff dimension of "X" is defined by Equivalently, dim("X") may be defined as the infimum of the set of "d" ∈ [0, ∞) such that the "d"-dimensional
Hausdorff dimension
12088902
"n") of the reciprocals of the positive integers that have exactly "n" instances of the digit "d" where 0 ≤ "d" ≤ 9 (so that the original Kempner series is "S"(9, 0)). He showed that for each "d" the sequence of values "S"("d", "n") for "n" ≥ 1 is decreasing and converges to 10 ln 10. The sequence is not in general decreasing starting with "n" = 0; for example, for the original Kempner series we have "S"(9, 0) ≈ 22.921 < 23.026 ≈ 10 ln 10 < "S"(9, "n") for "n" ≥ 1. The series converges extremely slowly. Baillie
Kempner series
13360033
the function "S" to another natural number. "S" is the successor function which represents adding 1 to a number. Thus, "0" is zero, "S 0" is one, "S (S 0)" is two, "S (S (S 0))" is three, and so on. Since their introduction, inductive types have been extended to encode more and more structures, while still being predicative and supporting structural recursion. Inductive types usually come with a function to prove properties about them. Thus, "nat" may come with: This is the expected function for structural recursion for the type "nat". W-types are well-founded types in intuitionistic type theory
Inductive type
3177093
Effect system In computing, an effect system is a formal system which describes the computational effects of computer programs, such as side effects. An effect system can be used to provide a compile-time check of the possible effects of the program. The effect system extends the notion of type to have an "effect" component, which comprises an effect kind and a region. The effect kind describes "what" is being done, and the region describes "with what" it is being done. An effect system is typically an extension of a type system. The term "type and effect system" is sometimes used
Effect system
9972238
the pairs ("p", "q") are (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), and the space "D" is spanned by which has dimension 6 = 3<nowiki>!</nowiki>. Haiman's proof of the Macdonald positivity conjecture and the "n"! conjecture involved showing that the isospectral Hilbert scheme of "n" points in a plane was Cohen–Macaulay (and even Gorenstein). Earlier results of Haiman and Garsia had already shown that this implied the "n"! conjecture, and that the "n"! conjecture implied that the Kostka–Macdonald coefficients were graded character multiplicities for the modules "D". This immediately implies the Macdonald positivity conjecture because character multiplicities have to be non-negative
Macdonald polynomials
12299160
"X" = |"A"| and "f" is a function with the property that 0 ≤ "f"("d") ≤ 1. Put Then Turán sieve In number theory, the Turán sieve is a technique for estimating the size of "sifted sets" of positive integers which satisfy a set of conditions which are expressed by congruences. It was developed by Pál Turán in 1934. In terms of sieve theory the Turán sieve is of "combinatorial type": deriving from a rudimentary form of the inclusion–exclusion principle. The result gives an "upper bound" for the size of the sifted set. Let "A" be a set of positive
Turán sieve
4049544
type if all of its principal minors are positive, that "A" is of affine type if its proper principal minors are positive and "A" has determinant 0, and that "A" is of indefinite type otherwise. Finite type indecomposable matrices classify the finite dimensional simple Lie algebras (of types formula_20), while affine type indecomposable matrices classify the affine Lie algebras (say over some algebraically closed field of characteristic 0). The determinants of the Cartan matrices of the simple Lie algebras given in the following table (Along with A=B=C, B=C, D=A, D=AA, E=D, E=A, and E=AA) Another property of this determinant is
Cartan matrix
2265289
Kondo effect In physics, the Kondo effect describes the scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities, resulting in a characteristic change in electrical resistivity with temperature. The effect was first described by Jun Kondo, who applied third-order perturbation theory to the problem to account for s-d electron scattering. Kondo's model predicted that the scattering rate of conduction electrons of the magnetic impurity should diverge as the temperature approaches 0 K. Extended to a lattice of "magnetic impurities", the Kondo effect likely explains the formation of "heavy fermions" and "Kondo insulators" in intermetallic compounds, especially those involving
Kondo effect
19180850
log f (V : Z, γ)", and ∇ represents partial derivative with respect to a row vector. In the case where "γ" is known, the asymptotic variance is "E[∇ s(θ,γ)] E[s(θ,γ )s(θ,γ )]E[∇ s(θ,γ)] and therefore, unless E[ s(θ, γ) ∇ d(γ) ]=0", the two-step M-estimator is more efficient than the usual M-estimator. This fact suggests that even when "γ" is known a priori, there is efficiency gain by estimating "γ" by MLE. An application of this result can be found, for example, in treatment effect estimation. Two-step M-estimators involving MLE Two-step M-estimator involving Maximum Likelihood Estimator is a special
Two-step M-estimators involving MLE
8647
have the same effect (perhaps none). Rejecting the null hypothesis is taken to mean that the differences in observed effects between treatment groups are unlikely to be due to random chance. By construction, hypothesis testing limits the rate of Type I errors (false positives) to a significance level. Experimenters also wish to limit Type II errors (false negatives). The rate of Type II errors depends largely on sample size (the rate is larger for smaller samples), significance level (when the standard of proof is high, the chances of overlooking a discovery are also high) and effect size (a smaller effect
Analysis of variance
9381974
"TIME" Magazine (September 12, 1938) Benjamin V. Cohen Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.<br> Benjamin V. Cohen Papers, Zionist Archives, New York Benjamin V. Cohen Benjamin Victor Cohen (September 23, 1894 – 1983), a member of the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, had a public service career that spanned from the early New Deal through and beyond the Vietnam War era. Cohen earned a Bachelor of Philosophy (1914) and Juris Doctor (1915) from the University of Chicago, and a Doctor of Juridical Science (1916) from Harvard Law School. Cohen was a law clerk for Judge Learned
Benjamin V. Cohen
20683811
and Z: The two secondary characteristic points, namely M and N are defined as local entropy extrema on the saturation vapour curve, more accurately, at those points, where with the decrease of the saturation temperature entropy stays constant: d"s"/d"T"=0. We can easily realise that considering traditional classification, wet-type fluids have only primary (A,C and Z), dry-type fluids have primary points and exactly one secondary point (M) and redefined isentropic-type fluids have both primary and secondary points (M and N) as well. See figure for better understanding. The ascending order of entropy values of the characteristic points gives a useful tool
Working fluids
993519
accepted (see "November Revolution"). Strange quark The strange quark or s quark (from its symbol, s) is the third lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle. Strange quarks are found in subatomic particles called hadrons. Example of hadrons containing strange quarks include kaons (), strange D mesons (), Sigma baryons (), and other strange particles. According to the IUPAP the symbol s is the official name, while strange is to be considered only as a mnemonic. The name sideways has also been used because the s quark has a I value of 0 while the u (“up”) and
Strange quark
11138672
right slot, formula_21(I)=formula_23; formula_24(I, ?push)=(T,1), formula_24(T,?push)=(T,0); formula_26(T)=(!pop, I), formula_26(I)=(formula_28, I). As mentioned above, FD-DEVS is an relaxation of SP-DEVS. That means, FD-DEVS is a supper class of SP-DEVS. We would give a model of FD-DEVS of a crosswalk light controller which is used for SP-DEVS in this Wikipedia. formula_16 where formula_17={?p}; formula_18={!g:0, !g:1, !w:0, !w:1}; formula_19={BG, BW, G, GR, R, W, D}; formula_20=BG, formula_21(BG)=0.5,formula_21(BW)=0.5, formula_21(G)=30, formula_21(GR)=30,formula_21(R)=2, formula_21(W)=26, formula_21(D)=2; formula_24(G,?p)=(GR,0), formula_24(s,?p)=(s,0) if s formula_56G; formula_26(BG)=(!g:1, BW), formula_26(BW)=(!w:0, G),formula_26(G)=(formula_60, G), formula_26(GR)=(!g:0, R), formula_26(R)=(!w:1, W), formula_26(W)=(!w:0, D), formula_26(D)=(!g:1, G); A FD-DEVS model, formula_65 is DEVS formula_66 where formula_76 For details of DEVS behavior,
Finite & Deterministic Discrete Event System Specification
19138065
which says that each smooth, compact n-manifold has an immersion in Euclidean space of dimension formula_1, where formula_2 is the number of ones in the binary expansion of formula_3. In 1991, Cohen, together with Frederick Cohen, Benjamin Mann, and R. James Milgram gave a complete description of the algebraic topology of the space of rational functions, and in the following years he made several contributions to the study of related moduli spaces. In 1995 Cohen, John D. S. Jones, and Graeme Segal introduced an approach for understanding the homotopy theory underlying Floer homology theory in Symplectic geometry. Since 2002 Cohen
Ralph Louis Cohen
16240477
"het-s", "idi-2", "idi-1", "idi-3", "mod-A", "mode-D", "mod-E", "psp-A". "Podospora anserina" contains at least 9 "het" loci. "Podospora anserina" is known to produce laccases, a type of phenoloxidase. Original genetic studies by gel electrophoresis led to the finding of the genome size, ca. 35 megabases, with 7 chromosomes and 1 mitochondrial chromosome. In the 1980s the mitochondrial chromosome was sequenced. Then in 2003 a pilot study was initiated to sequence regions bordering chromosome V`s centromere using BAC clones and direct sequencing. In 2008, a 10x whole genome draft sequence was published. The genome size is now estimated to be 35-36 megabases.
Podospora anserina
14559783
P 314 341 267 234 310 5 213 0000420 6 004 , \f A l y s s a \0 200 004 002 006 B 0000440 e n \0 016 \0 006 r e d 211 266 / 030 334 ˪ ** 0000460 P 314 341 267 234 310 5 213 6 0000471 Deserialization: reader = DataFileReader(open("users.avro", "r"), DatumReader()) # no need to know the schema to read for user in reader: reader.close() This outputs: Though theoretically any language could use Avro, the following languages have APIs written for them: In addition to supporting JSON for type and protocol definitions,
Apache Avro
2546261
Sawilowsky. Other authors choose a slightly different computation of the standard deviation when referring to "Cohen's "d"" where the denominator is without "-2" This definition of "Cohen's "d"" is termed the maximum likelihood estimator by Hedges and Olkin, and it is related to Hedges' "g" by a scaling factor (see below). With two paired samples, we look at the distribution of the difference scores. In that case, "s" is the standard deviation of this distribution of difference scores. This creates the following relationship between the t-statistic to test for a difference in the means of the two groups and Cohen's
Effect size
1874800
longest simple path from "x" to a descendant leaf), that size("x") ≥ "F", where "d" is the degree of "x". Base case: If "x" has height 0, then "d" = 0, and size("x") = 1 = "F". Inductive case: Suppose "x" has positive height and degree "d">0. Let "y", "y", ..., "y" be the children of "x", indexed in order of the times they were most recently made children of "x" ("y" being the earliest and "y" the latest), and let "c", "c", ..., "c" be their respective degrees. We claim that "c" ≥ "i"-2 for each "i" with 2≤"i"≤"d":
Fibonacci heap
16127915
all the aforementioned quasibrittle materials. One may distinguish two basic types of this size effect. When the macro-crack initiates from one RVE whose size is not negligible compared to the structure size, the deterministic size effect dominates over the statistical size effect. What causes the size effect is a stress redistribution in the structure (Fig. 2c) due to damage in the initiating RVE, which is typically located at fracture surface. A simple intuitive justification of this size effect may be given by considering the ﬂexural failure of an unnotched simply supported beam under a concentrated load formula_39 at midspan (Fig.
Size effect on structural strength
11531558
who was a student at the school. An altercation ensued. B. J. drove up in his automobile. Words passed between father and son. What happened after that depends on whom you believe. Daniel David claimed that B. J. struck him with his automobile, and D. D.'s friends and allies later produced affidavits of witnesses to prove it. B. J. flatly denied it, and produced many more affidavits to this effect than D. D.'s cohorts were able to muster." A study of California disciplinary statistics during 1997–2000 reported 4.5 disciplinary actions per 1000 chiropractors per year, compared to 2.27 for medical
Chiropractic controversy and criticism
4870507
formula_32, and the infinite sequence "d" = ("d", "d", "d", ...) of nonnegative integers, with "d" ≥ 0 and "d" > 0 ("n" ≥ 2), is called its directive sequence. A Sturmian word "w" over {0,1} is characteristic if and only if both 0"w" and 1"w" are Sturmian. If "s" is an infinite sequence word and "w" is a finite word, let μ("w") denote the number of occurrences of "w" as a factor in the prefix of "s" of length "N" + |"w"| − 1. If "μ"("w") has a limit as "N"→∞, we call this the frequency of "w", denoted
Sturmian word
1493347
the relational model. As usual we omit brackets if this causes no ambiguity about the semantics of the formula. We will assume that the quantifiers quantify over the universe of all tuples over the domain in the schema. This leads to the following formal semantics for formulas given a database "db" over "S" and a tuple variable binding "val" : "V" -> "T": Finally we define what a query expression looks like given a schema "S" = ("D", "R", "h"): where "v" is a tuple variable, "H" a header and "f"("v") a formula in "F"["S","type"] where "type" = { ("v",
Tuple relational calculus
20359904
Loftus for Keane (59) Nemo Rangers: D Heaphy; L Kavanagh, capt, N Geary, I Gibbons; K Connolly, S O'Brien, M Cronin; D Kavanagh, K Cahill; S O'Brien, L O'Sullivan, D Niblock; J Kavanagh, C Corkery, A Cronin. Subs: J P O'Neill for Niblock (inj 28), M McCarthy for Cahill (41), A Morgan for O'Sullivan (55) Scorers: Crossmolina: K McDonald 0-7 (0-3f), J Keane 0-2. P McGuinness 0-2, P Gardiner, P McAndrew, M Moyles, L Moffatt, J Leonard 0-1 each Nemo: C Corkery 1-6 (0-3f, 0-1 '45'), D Kavanagh, K Cahill, S O'Brien, D Niblock, A Cronin, J Kavanagh 0-1 each
2000–01 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
15003449
Crohn's disease; analysis of 105 patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 50 Suppl 2:cclxxxvii-ccxci.(2003) 19. Danalioglu A, Kaymakoglu S, Mungan Z, Karaca C, Demir K, Durakoglu Z, Besisik F, Boztas G, Cakaloglu Y, Okyen A. Cyclosporin for severe ulcerative colitis attacks. Hepatogastroenterology. 50 Suppl 2:ccxcviii-ccc.(2003) 20. Danalioglu A, Cakaloglu Y, Karaca C, Aksoy N, Akyuz F, Ozdil S, Demir K, Besisik F, Boztas G, Mungan Z, Kaymakoglu S, Okten A. Terlipressin and albumin combination treatment in hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatogastroenterology. 50 Suppl 2:ccciii-cccv. (2003) 21. Cetin K, Gungor B, Isik A, Ahmet D, Filiz A, Nevzat A, Sadakat O, Cengiz D, Zeynel M. The effect
Zeynel Mungan
8326260
3D spherical shape incorporates the volume taken up by the nucleus. However, the "p", "d", and other electrons may influence the "s" electron density through a screening effect. Isomer shift can be expressed using the formula below, where "K" is a nuclear constant, the difference between "R" and "R" is the effective nuclear charge radius difference between excited state and the ground state, and the difference between [Ψ(0)] and [Ψ(0)] is the electron density difference on the nucleus (a = source, b = sample). The Chemical Isomer shift as described here does not change with temperature, however, Mössbauer spectra do
Mössbauer spectroscopy
9627713
type "A" is present but not type "B", "c" is the number of samples where type "B" is present but not type "A" and "d" is the sample count where neither type "A" nor type "B" are present. When "d" = 0, this index is identical to the Jaccard index. This coefficient is defined as formula_87 where "a" is the number of samples where types "A" and "B" are both present, "b" is where type "A" is present but not type "B", "c" is the number of samples where type "B" is present but not type "A" and "d" is
Qualitative variation
16437770
cycle. Hence, on average, d"U"/d"t" = 0 and d"S"/d"t" = 0 since "U" and "S" are functions of state. Furthermore they are closed systems (formula_11) and the volume is fixed (d"V"/d"t" = 0). This leads to a significant simplification of the first and second law: and The summation is over the (two) places where heat is added or removed. For a heat engine (Fig.2a) the first and second law obtain the form and Here formula_16 is the heat supplied at the high temperature "T", formula_17 is the heat removed at ambient temperature "T", and "P" is the power delivered by
Entropy production
20349739
April 9, 2018, also paired with "Henry Danger"s "Toon in for Danger". The Adventures of Kid Danger The Adventures of Kid Danger is an American animated television series created by Dan Schneider. The series first aired on Nickelodeon as a sneak peek on January 15, 2018, before its official premiere on January 19, 2018. Based on "Henry Danger", it features the voices of Jace Norman, Cooper Barnes, Michael D. Cohen, Riele Downs, Sean Ryan Fox, Ella Anderson, and Jeffrey Nicholas Brown. This series details the animated adventures of Kid Danger and Captain Man as they fight various villains and threats
The Adventures of Kid Danger
18607397
Notes in Computer Science 10601, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, , DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-69035-3 https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783319462943 Service-Oriented Computing - 14th International Conference, ICSOC 2016, Sheng, Q.Z., Stroulia, E., Tata, S., Bhiri, S. (Eds.), Banff, Canada, October 16–19, 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9936, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, , DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46295-0 https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783662486153 Service-Oriented Computing - 13th International Conference, ICSOC 2015, Barros, A., Grigori, D., Narendra, N.C., Dam, H.K. (Eds.), Goa, India, November 16–19, 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9435, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, , DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-48616-0 https://www.springer.com/computer/swe/book/978-3-662-45390-2 Service-Oriented Computing - 12th International Conference], ICSOC 2014, Franch, X., Ghose, A.K., Lewis, G.A., Bhiri, S. (Eds.), Paris,
International Conference on Service Oriented Computing
2546247
knowing the study's sample size ("N"), or the number of observations in each group ("n"s). Reporting effect sizes or estimates thereof (effect estimate [EE], estimate of effect) is considered good practice when presenting empirical research findings in many fields. The reporting of effect sizes facilitates the interpretation of the substantive, as opposed to the statistical, significance of a research result. Effect sizes are particularly prominent in social science and in medical research (where size of treatment effect is important). Relative and absolute measures of effect size convey different information, and can be used complementarily. A prominent task force in the
Effect size
1623870
or an "effect system", which enables even more program specifications to be verified by a type checker. Beyond simple value-type pairs, a virtual "region" of code is associated with an "effect" component describing "what" is being done "with what", and enabling for example to "throw" an error report. Thus the symbolic system may be a "type and effect system", which endows it with more safety checking than type checking alone. Whether automated by the compiler or specified by a programmer, a type system makes program behavior illegal if outside the type-system rules. Advantages provided by programmer-specified type systems include: Advantages
Type system
9904868
For "d" ≥ 1 and "f" ∈ "L"(R), there is a constant "C" > 0 such that for all λ > 0, we have: With the Hardy–Littlewood maximal inequality in hand, the following "strong-type" estimate is an immediate consequence of the Marcinkiewicz interpolation theorem: Theorem (Strong Type Estimate). For "d" ≥ 1, 1 < "p" ≤ ∞, and "f" ∈ "L"(R), there is a constant "C" > 0 such that In the strong type estimate the best bounds for "C" are unknown. However subsequently Elias M. Stein used the Calderón-Zygmund method of rotations to prove the following: Theorem (Dimension Independence).
Hardy–Littlewood maximal function
9381969
Benjamin V. Cohen Benjamin Victor Cohen (September 23, 1894 – 1983), a member of the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, had a public service career that spanned from the early New Deal through and beyond the Vietnam War era. Cohen earned a Bachelor of Philosophy (1914) and Juris Doctor (1915) from the University of Chicago, and a Doctor of Juridical Science (1916) from Harvard Law School. Cohen was a law clerk for Judge Learned Hand. He served as counsel for the American Zionist Movement from 1919 - 1921, during which he acted as Zionist counsel to
Benjamin V. Cohen
3157657
Rind "et al". contend that they did indeed describe the contrast between the effect size estimates as "nonsignificant, z = 1.42, p > .10, two-tailed". However, they argue, "What [they] did report as significantly different was the contrast between male and female effect size estimates for the all-types-of-consent groups, where "rs" = .04 and .11, respectively. In "follow[ing] Dallam "et al". (2001) [by] apply[ing] Becker's correction formula to these values, they become rs = .06 and .12 for men and women, respectively. The contrast is still statistically significant (z = 2.68, p < .01. two-tailed), contrary to Dallam "et al".'s
Rind et al. controversy
16127919
approaches for formula_67 a horizontal asymptote. For large sizes, formula_8 must approach the Weibull statistical size effect, Eq. 3. This condition is satisfied by the generalized energetic-statistical size effect law: where formula_69 are empirical constants (formula_70). The deterministic formula (5) is recovered as the limit case for formula_71. (Fig. 2d) shows a comparison of the last formula with the test results for many different concretes, plotted as dimensionless strength formula_72 versus dimensionless structure size formula_73. The probabilistic theory of Type 1 size effect can be derived from fracture nano-mechanics. Kramer’s transition rate theory shows that, on the nano-scale, the far-left
Size effect on structural strength
10110468
the quantitative psychology group. He was awarded the Distinguished Lifetime Achievement Award by the American Psychological Association in 1997 and was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Association and the American Statistical Association. Below are listed some of Cohen's works. Where multiple authors are present, full names are used to facilitate reader searches for other works by those authors. Jacob Cohen (statistician) Jacob Cohen (April 20, 1923 – January 20, 1998) was a United States statistician and psychologist best known for his work on statistical power and effect size, which helped to
Jacob Cohen (statistician)
19766838
being six millimeters in diameter and having a thread pitch of one millimeter. Sizes are proportional, so a size "1" is ten percent smaller in diameter that a size "0", while a size -1 is ten percent larger than a size "0". The Thury thread was believed to be the first thread form to solve the problem of creating a single system of screw dimensions applicable to all sizes. The relationship between the pitch "P" of a Thury screw and its diameter "D" is expressed by the equation "D"=6"P". Another variable Thury standardized is the thread depth, which had until
Thury thread
6103125
the conditioned stimulus and the start of the unconditioned stimulus. An example would be the case of Pavlov's dog, where the time between the unconditioned stimulus, the food, and the conditioned stimulus, the bell, is considered the ISI. More particularly, ISI is often used in eyeblink conditioning (a widely studied type of classical conditioning involving puffs of air blown into the subject's eyes) where the ISI can effect learning based on the size of the time gap. What is of interest in this particular type of classical conditioning is that when the subject is conditioned to blink after the conditioned
Interstimulus interval
6994768
are some examples if (/Tom/.test("My name is Tom")) console.log("Hello Tom!"); console.log("My name is Tom".search(/Tom/)); // == 11 (letters before Tom) console.log("My name is Tom".replace(/Tom/, "John")); // == "My name is John" // \d - digit // \D - non digit // \s - space // \S - non space // \w - word char // \W - non word // [ ] - one of // [^] - one not of // - - range if (/\d/.test('0')) console.log('Digit'); if (/[0-9]/.test('6')) console.log('Digit'); if (/[13579]/.test('1')) console.log('Odd number'); if (/\S\S\s\S\S\S\S/.test('My name')) console.log('Format OK'); if (/\w\w\w/.test('Tom')) console.log('Hello Tom'); if (/[a-zA-Z]/.test('B')) console.log('Letter'); // A...Z a...z
JavaScript syntax
11138549
event !g:1. The above controller for crosswalk lights can be modeled by an atomic SP-DEVS model. Formally, an atomic SP-DEVS is a 7-tuple where The above controller shown in Fig. 2 can be written as formula_12 where formula_13={?p}; formula_14={!g:0, !g:1, !w:0, !w:1}; formula_15={BG, BW, G, GR, R, W, D}; formula_16=BG, formula_17(BG)=0.5,formula_17(BW)=0.5, formula_17(G)=30, formula_17(GR)=30,formula_17(R)=2, formula_17(W)=26, formula_17(D)=2; formula_24(G,?p)=GR, formula_24(s,?p)=s if s formula_26G; formula_27(BG)=(!g:1, BW), formula_27(BW)=(!w:0, G),formula_27(G)=(formula_30, G), formula_27(GR)=(!g:0, R), formula_27(R)=(!w:1, W), formula_27(W)=(!w:0, D), formula_27(D)=(!g:1, G); To captured the dynamics of an atomic SP-DEVS, we need to introduce two variables associated to time. One is the "lifespan", the other is the "elapsed time"
SP-DEVS
6025728
JJ Burke; E Phelan, T Simms, B Forde; J Dillon, F McMahon, B Foley 0-1; M Harding 0-01 (1f), M O'Meara; D Smyth, J Ryan, J McGaughan; D Bourke 1-04 (3f), B Shortall 1-00, K McMullan 2-01. Subs: E Kinlon (for Smyth 36 mins), G Fenton 0-01 (for O'Meara 36 mins), S Quinn 1-00 (for Shortall 55 mins), P Doyle (for Phelan 68 mins), P Finneran (for McMullan 70 mins). Louth: S Smith; D Black, A Carter, S Darcy; R Byrne, P Dunne, D Mulholland; D McCarthy, S Callan 0-02; T Hilliard, J Carter, D Byrne; G Smith 1-01 (1f),
2005 Nicky Rackard Cup
4925421
if "C" = {"S" : "v" ∈ "D"} is a feasible solution of the set cover problem, then "D" is a dominating set for "G", with |"D"| = |"C"|. Hence the size of a minimum dominating set for "G" equals the size of a minimum set cover for ("U", "S"). Furthermore, there is a simple algorithm that maps a dominating set to a set cover of the same size and vice versa. In particular, an efficient α-approximation algorithm for set covering provides an efficient α-approximation algorithm for minimum dominating sets. From set covering to dominating set. Let ("S", "U") be
Dominating set
7516688
C&S made several improvements to their distribution process including a warehouse "roller system", and staffing trucks with one employee who acts as driver and salesman, thus cutting delivery costs in half. C&S grew dramatically in 1958 after it began serving supermarket chain Big D in Worcester. In the 1970s, the founder's grandson, Rick Cohen, joined the company. C&S then built and moved into a warehouse in Brattleboro, Vermont. With the move, it began serving several large supermarket chains, including A&P. In 1987, Rick Cohen had become president and CEO of C&S and was concerned if the company would be able
C&S Wholesale Grocers
2546264
not the same as Cohen's "d". The exact form for the correction factor "J()" involves the gamma function A similar effect size estimator for multiple comparisons (e.g., ANOVA) is the Ψ root-mean-square standardized effect. This essentially presents the omnibus difference of the entire model adjusted by the root mean square, analogous to "d" or "g". The simplest formula for Ψ, suitable for one-way ANOVA, is In addition, a generalization for multi-factorial designs has been provided. Provided that the data is Gaussian distributed a scaled Hedges' "g", formula_32, follows a noncentral "t"-distribution with the noncentrality parameter formula_33 and ("n" + "n"
Effect size
7035090
Probabilistic metric space A probabilistic metric space is a generalization of metric spaces where the distance has no longer values in non-negative real numbers, but in distribution functions. Let "D+" be the set of all probability distribution functions F such that F(0) = 0 (F is a nondecreasing, left continuous mapping from formula_1 into [0, 1] such that max(F) = 1). The ordered pair (S,F) is said to be a probabilistic metric space if S is a nonempty set and F: S×S → D+ (F(p, q) is denoted by F for every (p, q) ∈ S × S) satisfies the
Probabilistic metric space
1941003
making a Type II error. A "Type II" error is failing to reject the statistical null hypothesis (i.e., "ρ" or "δ" is zero), when in fact the null hypothesis is false in the population and should be rejected. Cohen (1977) recommends using power equal to 0.80 or 80%, for a "β" = 0.20 . The sample size or number of cases required is reported for two standard levels of statistical significance ("α" = 0.01 or 0.05). The value of "α" is the probability of making a Type I error. A "Type I" error is rejecting the statistical null hypothesis (i.e.,
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