which indian rulers took part in the battle of buxar
Mir Qasim Nawab of Bengal Nawab of Awadh Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II
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Battle of Buxar The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1763; the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The battle was fought at Buxar, a "small fortified town" within the territory of Bihar, located on the banks of the Ganges river about west of Patna; it was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam surrendered, and the war was brought
Battle of Buxar
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Shuja-ud-Daula Shuja-ud-Daulah (b. – d. ) was the Subedar Nawab of Oudh from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775 . Though a minor royal, he is best known for his key roles in two definitive battles in Indian history – the Third Battle of Panipat which temporarily halted Maratha domination of the northern regions of the Mughal Empire and overthrew Shah Jahan III and reaffirmed Shah Alam II as the rightful emperor of the Mughal Empire. He had allied himself with Mir Qasim and took part in the Battle of Buxar, which ended in defeat. Shuja-ud-Daulah was the son
Shuja-ud-Daula
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the transformation of events of 1757 to 1764 where European forces were in a struggle to oust the Indian rulers and establish rule in Bengal, that resulted in direct rule over all of India. In 1764, the Battle of Buxar, saw the loss of Bengal from the Mughals, as Emperor Shah Alam II became a pensioner of the British after a loss. With him, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula, the Ruler of Awadh was restored, while Nawab Mir Qasim, the Ruler of Bengal lost his control on Bengal. Murshid Quli Jafar Khan, the Nawab of Bengal governed Bengal, through his feudal chiefs, the
Singranatore family
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to an end by the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. The British army engaged in the fighting numbered 7,071 comprising 859 British, 5,297 Indian sepoys and 918 Indian cavalry. The alliance army's numbers were estimated to be over 40,000. According to other sources, the combined army of the Mughals, Awadh and Mir Qasim consisting of 40,000 men was defeated by a British army comprising 10,000 men. The Nawabs had virtually lost their military power after the battle of Buxar. The lack of basic co-ordination among the three disparate allies was responsible for their decisive defeat. Mirza Najaf Khan commanded the
Battle of Buxar
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of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.[4] The battle fought at Buxar, a "small fortified town" within the territory of Bengal, located on the banks of the Ganges river about 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Patna, was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. Buxar Buxar is a city in the state of Bihar in the eastern part of India bordering eastern Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Buxar District. The
Buxar
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defeated a 50,000 strong Bengal Army of Nawab Siraj-ud-daullah in the Polashey(Plassey) in 1757 and later the forces of Nawab Mir Qasim at the Battle of Buxar in 1764. The Army of Bengal was formed, which later became part of a united Indian Army from 1895 to 1947. The eastern part of the British India was a prominent place for military and police recruitment, with entire horse-mounted cavalry and lancer units being recruited there prior to the Bengal Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Post-mutiny, units with the epithet "Bengal" in their name, such as Bengal Sappers and Bengal Cavalry, were largely
Bangladesh Army
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Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, the Company established itself as a major player in Indian affairs, and soon afterwards gained administrative rights over the regions of Bengal, Bihar and Midnapur part of Orissa, following the Battle of Buxar in 1764. After the defeat of Tipu Sultan, most of South India came either under the Company's direct rule, or under its indirect political control as part a princely state in a subsidiary alliance. The Company subsequently gained control of regions ruled by the Maratha Empire, after defeating them in a series of wars. The Punjab was annexed in 1849, after
Indian independence movement
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Battle of Buxar The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1763; the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The battle was fought at Buxar, a "small fortified town" within the territory of Bihar, located on the banks of the Ganges river about west of Patna; it was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam surrendered, and the war was brought
Battle of Buxar
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divided into several parts having a Zamindar as the head of each, over time they took princely and royal titles such as Maharaja, Nawab, Mirza and many others. Naromurar was one of the 2046 villages of South Bihar under the jurisdiction of Tekari Raj. In 1764 after the decisive victory in Battle of Buxar by British East India Company fought with combined army of Nawab of Awadh, Nawab of Bengal and Mughal emperor at Buxar, then within the territory of Bengal, a town located on the bank of Ganges river about 130 km west of Patna, an agreement of Permanent
Naromurar
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disappeared into an impoverished obscurity. Shah Alam realigned himself with the British, and Shah Shuja [Shuja-ud-Daula] fled west hotly pursued by the victors. The whole Ganges valley lay at the Company's mercy; Shah Shuja eventually surrendered; henceforth Company troops became the power-brokers throughout Oudh as well as Bihar". Battle of Buxar The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1763; the Nawab of Awadh; and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.
Battle of Buxar
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in India. After the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the Company acquired the civil rights of administration in Bengal from the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II; it marked the beginning of its formal rule, which was to engulf eventually most of India and extinguish the Moghul rule and dynasty itself in less than a century. The East India Company monopolized the trade of Bengal. They introduced a land taxation system called the Permanent Settlement which introduced a feudal-like structurea (See "Zamindar") in Bengal. By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan
History of colonialism
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whose troops crossed the flooded Ganges river into his province. As the chosen Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire, Shuja-ud-Daula commanded a sizeable army of Mughal troopers, who cut off the supplies of the Marathas and even defeated them in pitched confrontations during the Third Battle of Panipat and eliminated the Maratha leader Sadashivrao Bhau. Shuja is also known for his role in the Battle of Buxar, a battle that was no less definite in Indian history. He along with the forces of Shah Alam II and Mir Qasim were defeated by the British forces in one of the key
Shuja-ud-Daula
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Majnu Shah Majnu Shah or Faqir Majnu Shah Burhan (died 1787) was a faqir (Sufi saint) from the present-day Uttar Pradesh, who actively participated in the Fakir-Sannyasi Rebellion, which, according to a number of scholars, was an early war for India's independence and joined in many battles against the British East India Company with his 'pious team'. In the Battle of Udhuanala (1761) and the Battle of Buxar (1764), Majnu gathered a great number of Muslim "faqirs" and Hindu "sannyasis" against the East India Company who took over power in Bengali from the Nawab of Bengal in 1757. His center
Majnu Shah
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was partitioned, with Eastern Bengal and Assam headquartered in Dacca and Shillong (summer capital). British India was reorganised in 1912 and the presidency was reunited into a single Bengali-speaking province. The Bengal Presidency was established in 1765, following the defeat of the last independent Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 23 June 1757, and the Battle of Buxar in 22 October 1764. Bengal was the economic, cultural and educational hub of the British Raj. It was the centre of the late 19th and early 20th century Bengali Renaissance and a hotbed of the Indian Independence Movement. The
Bengal Presidency
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seriously defeated the Nawab on 23 June 1757 at the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab's soldiers betrayed him. The Nawab was assassinated in Murshidabad, and the British installed their own Nawab for Bengal and extended their direct control in the south. Chandernagore was restored to the French in 1763. The Bengalis attempted to regain their territories in 1765 in alliance with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, but were defeated again at the Battle of Buxar (1765). The centre of Indian culture and trade shifted from Delhi to Calcutta when the Mughal Empire fell. The plunder of Bengal directly
History of Bengal
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on 22 October 1764 between the combined armies of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Shuja-ud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh; the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and the forces under the command of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro. The battle fought at Buxar, a town located on the bank of the Ganges river then within the territory of Bengal, was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. Soon after the Battle of Buxar, Shah Alam II, a sovereign who had just been defeated by the British, sought their protection by signing the Treaty of
Shah Alam II
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a turning point in Indian history. Treaty of Allahabad The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 12 August 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, son of the late Emperor Alamgir II, and Robert, Lord Clive, of the East India Company, as a result of the Battle of Buxar of 22 October 1764. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of British rule in India. Based on the terms of the agreement, Alam granted the East India Company "Diwani rights", or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province
Treaty of Allahabad
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crossing the river, thus abandoning the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and members of his own regiment. Mir Qasim also fled with his 3 million rupees worth of Gemstones and later committed suicide. Mirza Najaf Khan reorganised formations around Shah Alam II, who retreated and then chose to negotiate with the victorious British. Historian John William Fortescue claimed that the British casualties totalled 847: 39 killed and 64 wounded from the European regiments and 250 killed, 435 wounded and 85 missing from the East India Company's sepoys. He also claimed that the three Indian allies suffered 2,000 dead and that
Battle of Buxar
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stuck and local dump issues Machine milled issues Malabar coast issues Even though the British had established a trading post at Fort William (in modern-day Kolkata), Bengal Presidency acquired its proper form after the Battle of Buxar in 1764. As an outcome of the Indian defeat, Shuja-ud-Daula of Oudh and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II signed the Treaty of Allahabad, granting the East India Company rights to collect revenues from large parts of eastern India. Early Bengal Presidency issues were stuck under the name of the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II, and later Shah Alam II. The monetary system followed
Coins of British India
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East India. The Company soon went to war with him and his allies. The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined army of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal:suja ud-dullah the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. With the defeat in Buxar, Mir Qasim was eventually overthrown. Mir Jafar managed to regain the good graces of the British; he was again installed Nawab in 1764 and held the position until his death in 1765. In
Mir Jafar
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control over the land revenue of the country. This system, introduced by Mughal Emperor Akbar, remained in place from the late 16th Century (dates vary between 1575 and 1595) till the fall of the Mughal Empire.A Brief History of British Land Acquisition in India Chronology 1757 – Battle of Plassey, First battle fought by British East India company which led to the removal of the independent ruler of Bengal-Bihar and placement of a ruler more amicable to the company. 1764 – Battle of Buxar, defeat of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and his allies, forces him to grant diwani (revenue
Feudalism in Pakistan
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Buxar Buxar is a city in the state of Bihar in the eastern part of India bordering eastern Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Buxar District. The Battle of Buxar and Battle of Chausa were fought in the vicinity. Buxar Railway Station lies on Patna–Mughalsarai section of Howrah–Delhi main line. It is approximately 125 km from the state capital of Patna. The local language of Buxar is Bhojpuri. India census, Buxar had a population of 102,861. Males constitute 52.65% of the population and females 47.35%. Buxar has an average literacy rate of 79.77%, higher than the national average of
Buxar
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Nawabs. In effect, the British now directly controlled Bengal and most of its zamindars who were previously under the Nawabs and the Imperial Mughal rule. The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) saw the transformation of events of 1757 to 1764 where European forces were in a struggle to oust the Indian rulers and establish rule in Bengal, that resulted in direct rule over all of India. In 1764, the Battle of Buxar, saw the loss of Bengal from the Mughals, as Emperor Shah Alam II became a pensioner of the British after a loss. With him, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula, the Ruler of
Zamindars of Bengal
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not Indian sepoys. It saw action at the Battle of Plassey in June 1757, the Battle of Condore in December 1758 and the Siege of Masulipatam in March 1759 during the Seven Years' War. It also fought at the Battle of Buxar in October 1764 during the Campaign against the Mughal Empire. The regiment was renamed the 1st Bengal European Regiment, on formation of the 2nd and 3rd Bengal European Regiments, in 1765. It went to take part in an action at Rohilkhand in April 1774 during the First Rohilla War. It fought at the Battle of Sholinghur in September
101st Regiment of Foot (Royal Bengal Fusiliers)
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gives it a ranking of 285th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.67%. Buxar has a sex ratio of 922 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.14%. The Battle of Buxar and Battle of Chausa were fought in this district. Buxar district Buxar district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar with headquarters at Buxar City. The district was carved out from Bhojpur District in 17th March 1991. It shares a border with Uttar Pradesh and
Buxar district
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The British won a decisive victory at the Siege of Seringapatam (1799). Tipu was killed during the defence of the city. Much of the remaining Mysorean territory was annexed by the British, the Nizam and the Marathas. The remaining core, around Mysore and Seringapatam, was restored to the Indian prince belonging to the Wodeyar dynasty, whose forefathers had been the actual rulers before Hyder Ali became the de facto ruler. The Wodeyars ruled the remnant state of Mysore until 1947, when it joined the Union of India. After the Battles of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764), which established British dominion
Anglo-Mysore Wars
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foothold for the British East India Company in the rich province of Bengal only, the Battle of Buxar is really the battle that secured its political ascendancy in India. The Viceroyalty and later direct Royal British Rule over Bengal started as the British being given the Jemmidarship (British diminutive of the word "zamindari") by the Rulers of Bengal. It read: October 31st, 1698. The Prince having given us the three towns adjacent to our Settlement, viz. De Calcutta, Chutanutte, and Gobinpore, or more properly may be said the Jemmidarship of the said towns, paying the said Rent to the King
Singranatore family
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59.5%; with male literacy of 87% and female literacy of 65%. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age. Geography Buxar district occupies an area of 1,703 square kilometres (658 sq mi). Mythology It is said that Ahilya, the wife of Gautam Rishi restored her human body from that of stone and got salvation by a mere touch of the feet of Lord Rama. This place is now known as Ahirauli, and is situated six kilometers away from Buxar. Battle of Buxar The Battle of Buxar was fought on 22 October 1764 between the forces under the command
Buxar
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Battle of Chausa (25 June 1539) took place between Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri (Sher Khan). In this battle Humayun got defeated. Chausa is directly connected to Railway and road. Direct trains are available from major cities of country. Chausa Railway Station, Barakalan Railway Station are the very nearby railway stations to Chausa. The distance from Buxar Railway station is 11 km and Patna Airport/Railway 138 km and from Varanasi airport 127 km. Chausa Chausa is a block in the Buxar district of Bihar, India. It is situated at the bank of river Ganga. It is a rural
Chausa
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was restored after bathing in a holy tank which was later named VyaghraSar. The word Buxar is derived from VyaghraSar. The tiger face of Rishi Vedshira, an outcome of the curse of the sage Rishi Durvasha, was restored after bathing in a holy tank which was later named VyaghraSar. Buxar fort is located on the banks of the river Ganga in Buxar, Bihar, India. Buxar is a city in the state of Bihar in the eastern part of India bordering eastern Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Buxar District. The fort was established by King Rudra Deo in 1054.
Buxar Fort
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for the British East India Company in the rich province of Bengal only, the Battle of Buxar is really the battle that secured its political ascendancy in India. The Viceroyalty and later direct Royal British Rule over Bengal started as the British being given the Jemmidarship (British dimilutive of the word "zamindari") by the Rulers of Bengal. In 1877, the title of Emperor of India of the Mughal Royal Family ("Imperial House of Timur") went to the British Royal family, first to Queen Victoria (1877-1901), King Edward VII (1901-1910), King George V (1910-1936), King Edward VIII (1936) and finally King
Zamindars of Bengal
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Chandrapura, Buxar, Bihar Chandrapura is a census village in Buxar district in the Indian state of bihar. It is situated near banks of the Ganga river Nanijor.Chandrapura is a village located in Brahmpur block of Buxar district in Bihar. It has total 766 families residing. Chandrapura has population of 5259 as per government records. Chandrapura village is administrated by Mukhiya through its Gram Panchayat, who is elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchyati Raj Act. Chandrapura is a Village in Brahmpur Block in Buxar District of Bihar State, India. It comes under mahuar Panchayath. It belongs
Chandrapura, Buxar, Bihar
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Chandrapura, Buxar, Bihar Chandrapura is a census village in Buxar district in the Indian state of bihar. It is situated near banks of the Ganga river Nanijor.Chandrapura is a village located in Brahmpur block of Buxar district in Bihar. It has total 766 families residing. Chandrapura has population of 5259 as per government records. Chandrapura village is administrated by Mukhiya through its Gram Panchayat, who is elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchyati Raj Act. Chandrapura is a Village in Brahmpur Block in Buxar District of Bihar State, India. It comes under mahuar Panchayath. It belongs
Chandrapura, Buxar, Bihar
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Giles Stibbert Lt.-Gen. Giles Stibbert (1734–1809) was Commander-in-Chief, India. Stibber arrived in India in 1756 and took part in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. He then raised a battalion of native infantry at Bankipore in 1761 and commanded them at the Siege of Patna where he was wounded in 1763. He commanded the left wing of the Army at the Battle of Buxar in 1764 and captured Chunar in 1765. He was twice Commander-in-Chief, India, firstly from 1777 to 1779 and then again from 1783, following the death of Sir Eyre Coote, to 1785. With his wealth, plundered during
Giles Stibbert
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and 5th century A.D. Samudragupta of Magadh helped to bring Gaya in limelight. It was the headquarters of Behar district during the Gupta empire. Gaya then passed on to the Pala Empire with Gopala as the ruler. It is believed that the present temple of Bodh Gaya was built during the reign of Dharmapala, son of Gopala. Gaya was in the 12th century invaded by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji. But the Hindu rulers defeated his generals later. The place finally passed on to the Britishers after the battle of Buxar in 1764. Gaya district, along with other parts of the country,
Gaya district
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Deserting with some of his companions shortly before the battle of Buxar (1764), he became military instructor to various native princes, organizing successively the forces of Shuja-ud-Dowlah, Nawab of Oudh, and of the Jats and Rohillas. In 1772 he took service under the Great Moghul Shah Alam II, who gave him the title of Nawab, reserved to the highest dignitaries of the sultan's court. When that prince was defeated at Delhi by the Mahrattas, Madec rejoined his own countrymen in Puducherry, where he took an active part in the defence of the town (1778). He became King of the Deccan,
René-Marie Madec
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Buxar Fort Buxar Fort is a fort located in Buxar, Bihar, India. Buxar is a city in the state of Bihar in the eastern part of India bordering eastern Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Buxar District. The fort was established by King Rudra Deo in 1054 . The city is known for its cultural heritage as it is the place where Lord Rama killed the demon Taraka and also the site of sage Vishvamaitra's Ashram. The word Buxar is derived from VyaghraSar. The tiger face of Rishi Vedshira, an outcome of the curse of the sage Rishi Durvasha,
Buxar Fort
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Kailashpati Mishra Kailashpati Mishra (5 October 1923 – 3 November 2012) was an Indian politician. He was leader of the Bharatiya Janta Party and a former Governor of Gujarat and for a short duration Governor of Rajasthan following the died of the incumbent Governor Nirmal Chandra Jain. Kailashpati Mishra was born in Dudharchak, Buxar, Bihar, into a brahmin family. He was a bachelor and popularly called the "Bhishmapitamah" of Bihar BJP. He was affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh from 1944 onwards, and was even jailed after the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. He took part in the Quit India Movement
Kailashpati Mishra
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on to raid patna which had been now occupied by Britishers. But eventually he lost in Battle of Buxar and Barh and Patna fell firmly under dominance of British empire. Rennell's Survey .in 1776 James Rennell also called Father of indian survey carried out a survey of Bengal and listed prominent destinations in bengal. Barh(called Bar there) is prominently displayed on 1776 map implying it was prominent trading destination. Trade Barh was an important transit point for saltpetre(potassium nitrate) trade , which was widely used in explosives, making beautiful glasses and later on in fertilisers. Barh was also known for
Barh
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India Company as The Bombay Regiment in March 1668. In 1688 it was renamed The Bombay (European) Regiment – "European" indicating it was composed of white soldiers, not Indian sepoys. The regiment saw action at the Battle of Plassey in June 1757 during the Seven Years' War. It also fought at the Battle of Buxar in October 1764 during the Oude Campaign. It next saw action at the Siege of Seringapatam in February 1792 during the Third Anglo-Mysore War. It fought at the Battle of Seedaseer in March 1799 and the Siege of Seringapatam in April 1799 during the Fourth
103rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Bombay Fusiliers)
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Bankipore Bankipur is a neighbourhood and residential area in Patna in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located on the bank of the river Ganges. The prime attraction is the Golghar granary that was built by Captain John Garstir in 1786. Patna Dental College and Hospital is also located here. Until the early twentieth century, Bankipore (or Bankipur, or Banki Bazaar) was the administrative centre of the Patna Division of Bihar, which came under the rule of the British East India Company (EIC) following the battle of Buxar in 1764. Bankipore lies along an east–west axis on the south
Bankipore
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89th (Highland) Regiment of Foot The 89th (Highland) Regiment of Foot or Morris's Highlanders was an infantry regiment in the British Army from 1759 to 1765. The regiment was raised during the Seven Years' War in Aberdeenshire and Banffshire by Lieutenant-Colonel Staats Long Morris. Early in 1760, half the regiment embarked for India under the command of Major Hector Munro and were joined by the remainder later in the year. After linking up with the Army at Patna, they took part in the Battle of Buxar in October 1764. They were disbanded soon afterwards, many of the men joining local
89th (Highland) Regiment of Foot
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East India Company regiments. 89th (Highland) Regiment of Foot The 89th (Highland) Regiment of Foot or Morris's Highlanders was an infantry regiment in the British Army from 1759 to 1765. The regiment was raised during the Seven Years' War in Aberdeenshire and Banffshire by Lieutenant-Colonel Staats Long Morris. Early in 1760, half the regiment embarked for India under the command of Major Hector Munro and were joined by the remainder later in the year. After linking up with the Army at Patna, they took part in the Battle of Buxar in October 1764. They were disbanded soon afterwards, many of
89th (Highland) Regiment of Foot
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of Gandikota ruler Pemmasani Timma Nayaka. Pemmasani Nayaks were a martial clan in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. They came into prominence during Vijayanagar times as rulers of Gandikota. These Kamma warriors were previously serving Kakatiya dynasty as army commanders and migrated to Vijayanagar in 1370 CE after the death of their king Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka in Warangal. Ramalinga led troops in the battle of Raichur. Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu was the King of Gandikota under which Pemmasani Kamma dynasty rulers earned them after winning them in battles as part of the great Vijayanagar empire. He
Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu
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to Arrah. On the outbreak of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, towards the end of July, troops in the cantonments at Danapur, about twenty-five miles from Arrah, mutinied and deserted, Boyle fortified a detached two-storey house in the same compound as his own private residence, and provisioned it to withstand a siege. Here on Sunday, 26 July, 16 Europeans and about 40 Sikhs took refuge, and the following morning mutineers crossed the Son River and took possession of Arrah. They besieged the house, which held out until sunset on 2 August. Then a relief force from Buxar under Vincent Eyre
Richard Vicars Boyle
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population of nearly a million people. The city passed to the control of the British East India Company in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey and eventually to the Crown, British Empire, in 1765 at the Battle of Buxar. The city's population shrank dramatically during this period as the prominence of Kolkata rose, but substantive development and modernisation eventually followed. A modern civic water supply system was introduced in 1874 and electricity supply launched in 1878. The Dhaka Cantonment was established near the city, serving as a base for British and Indian soldiers. During the abortive Partition of Bengal in
Dhaka District
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Delhi till 1556. Akbar's forces defeated and killed Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat on 6 November 1556. The Mughal dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600; it went into a slow decline after 1707. The Mughals suffered a severe blow due to invasions from Marathas and Afghans due to which the Mughal dynasty were reduced to puppet rulers by 1757. The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated and taken over by the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence. As the British took over the remnants of
India–Mongolia relations
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administrative powers until 1765. As a result of Mughal defeat in the Battle of Buxar, the Naib Nazim's functions were greatly reduced. In 1790, Lord Cornwallis abolished the powers of the Naib Nazim. Dhaka formally passed to the control of the East India Company in 1793. Later Naib Nazims held the office nominally, as a symbol of the Mughal aristocracy under company rule in India. All Mughal positions were permanently abolished in India after the Mutiny of 1857, which led to the establishment of the British Indian Empire as a crown colony. The Naib Nazims initially resided in Islam Khan's
Naib Nazim of Dhaka
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and storage of calico and silk. Soon it became a trading centre for saltpetre, urging other Europeans—French, Danes, Dutch and Portuguese—to compete in the lucrative business. Various European factories and godowns started mushrooming in Patna and it acquired a trading fame that attracted far off merchants. Peter Mundy, writing in 1632, calls this place, "the greatest mart of the eastern region". After the Battle of Buxar, 1764, the Mughals as well as the Nawabs of Bengal lost effective control over the territories then constituting the province of Bengal, which currently comprises the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha,
History of Patna
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saw action in the Second Battle of Ypres (Battle of Frezenberg Ridge, 11–13 May) and the Battle of Loos (26–28 September). 1916 saw no notable actions, but in 1917 it took part in the Battle of Arras (First Battle of the Scarpe, 9–12 April). At other times, the battery served in the trenches as infantry. In March 1918, the 4th (formerly 1st Indian) and 5th (formerly 2nd Indian) Cavalry Divisions were broken up in France. The Indian elements were sent to Egypt where they formed part of the new 4th and 5th Cavalry Divisions which played a major part in
G Parachute Battery (Mercer's Troop) Royal Horse Artillery
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Dhaka having a population exceeding a million people. The gradual decline of the Mughal Empire led to quasi-independent states under the Nawabs of Bengal, subsequent Maratha expeditions in Bengal, and finally the conquest by the British East India Company. The British took control of the region from the late 18th century. The company consolidated their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Battle of Buxar in 1764 and by 1793 took complete control of the region. The plunder of Bengal directly contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain, with the capital amassed from Bengal used
History of Bengal
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to those of other British subjects. In the following decades, when admission to these rights was not always forthcoming, Indians were to pointedly refer to the Queen's proclamation in growing avowals of a new nationalism. Although the British East India Company had established a presence in India as far back as 1612, and earlier administered the factory areas established for trading purposes, its victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 marked the beginning of its firm foothold in eastern India. The victory was consolidated in 1764 at the Battle of Buxar, when the East India Company army defeated Mughal
Indian Rebellion of 1857
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Gaighat, Patna in 1509 CE. Later Guru Tegh Bahadur came to Patna with his family in 1666. The 10th and the last "Guru" of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh was born at Patna Sahib, Patna in 1666. Prince Azim-us-Shan, the grandson of Aurangzeb was appointed as the governor of Pataliputra in 1703. Azim-us-Shan renamed Pataliputra as Azimabad, in 1704. After the Battle of Buxar, 1764, which was fought in Buxar, hardly 115 km from Patna, the Mughals as well as the Nawabs of Bengal lost effective control over the territories then constituting the province of Bengal, which currently comprises Bangladesh and
History of Bihar
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Chausa Chausa is a block in the Buxar district of Bihar, India. It is situated at the bank of river Ganga. It is a rural block with a population of 42,550 and a literacy rate of 47%. Chausa is located 11 km towards west from the district headquarters, Buxar. It is a block headquarters. The area is famous as the site of the Battle of Chausa, in which the forces of Sher Shah Suri defeated Mughal emperor Humayun's army in 1539. It was also the site of discovery of the Chausa hoard, a set of 18 ancient Jain bronzes. The
Chausa
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but these activities were based more on tradition than on contemporary political realities. When the rulers of the five Deccan sultanates combined their forces and attacked Vijayanagara in 1565, the empire crumbled at the Battle of Talikot. Most Muslim rulers of south India were Shia muslims. The Mughal Empire was an empire that at its greatest territorial extent ruled most of the Indian subcontinent between 1526 and 1707. The empire was founded by the Turco-Mongol leader Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last Pashtun ruler of the Delhi Sultanate at the First Battle of Panipat. The word
Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent
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By 1557, it had become part of the Mughal Empire, and remained under its power until the Battle of Buxar and the beginning of British rule in 1764. Gaya, along with other parts of the country, gained its independence in 1947. As attested by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in the early nineteenth century, the city was divided into two areas: a sacred area in the southern part of the city, called Gaya; and the larger secular area, which may have been known by the Muslim community as Allahabad. During the British rule, the commercial and administrative area of the secular zone was
Gaya, India
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many more were wounded. Another source says that there were 69 European and 664 sepoy casualties on the British side and 6,000 casualties on the Mughal side. The victors captured 133 pieces of artillery and over 1 million rupees of cash. Immediately after the battle Munro decided to assist the Marathas, who were described as a "warlike race", well known for their relentless and unwavering hatred towards the Mughal Empire and its Nawabs and Mysore. The British victory at Buxar had "at one fell swoop, disposed of the three main scions of Mughal power in Upper India. Mir Kasim [Qasim]
Battle of Buxar
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Battle of Magh Slecht The Battle of Magh Slécht took place at Magh Slécht in Ireland in 1256. The battle was part of a wider conflict between the O'Rourke rulers of Breifne and their O'Reilly vassals, who sought independence from the kingdom. Both sides were assisted by their respective allies and the battle marks the point at which the Kingdom of Breifne was left permanently divided, creating West Breifne (O'Rourke) and East Breifne (O'Reilly). Ally of the O'Reillys, Walter de Burgh, raided deep into Connacht and devastated the O'Conors. According to the Annals of Connacht, de Burgh had an army
Battle of Magh Slecht
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aid to the defense of the capital, Bhuj. Devakaran Sheth, Diwan of Kutch during Deshalji I took the lead in fortifying the hill. The Fort has seen six major battles since its construction, most of which were fought in the years 1700-1800 AD between the Rajput rulers of Kutch and Muslim raiders from Sindh and the Mughal rulers of Gujarat. The first major battle at Bhujia Fort was fought during the early part of the reign of Deshalji I, when Sher Buland Khan, who was Mughal Viceroy of Gujarat at that time, invaded Kutch. The army of Kutch was in
Bhujia Fort
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the Battalion took part in the Second Battle of Ypres, fighting in the subsidiary Battle of St. Julien which began on 24 April and concluded on 4 May. Later that month the Battalion took part in the Battle of Festubert and in September the Battle of Loos began, the last major engagement on the Western Front that the 1st Battalion took part in, before being withdrawn from the Western Front. The Western Front was a completely different location to what the Regiment had been used to in the sub-continent and they, as indeed did the other Indian Army troops, suffered
1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)
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61st Pioneers The 61st Pioneers were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1758, when they were raised as the 1st Battalion Coast Sepoys. The regiment took part in the Carnatic Wars in 1746–1763 and then the Third Anglo-Mysore War. In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War they took part in the Battle of Seedaseer, the Battle of Seringapatam, the Battle of Nagpore, the Battle of Ava. They were next in action during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in the Central India Campaign. Their next campaigns were outside India when they took part in the
61st Pioneers
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Sake Dean Mahomed Sake Dean Mahomed was a Anglo-Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who was one of the most notable early non-European immigrants to the Western World. He introduced Indian cuisine and shampoo baths to Europe, where he offered therapeutic massage. He was also the first Indian to publish a book in English. Born in 1759 in Patna, then part of the Bengal Presidency, Sake Dean Mahomed came from Buxar. His father, who belonged to the traditional "Nai" (barber) caste, was in the employment of the East India Company. He had learned much of alchemy and understood the techniques used
Sake Dean Mahomed
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1901 and the 15th Ludhiana Sikhs following the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army in 1903. To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905. During this time they took part in the Battle of Ahmed Khel and the Battle of Kandahar in the Second Anglo-Afghan War. They then took part in the Battle of Tofrek and Suakin in the Mahdist War, the Chitral Expedition and the Tirah Campaign and World War I. During World War I they were part of the 8th (Jullundur) Brigade, 3rd (Lahore) Division
15th Ludhiana Sikhs
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prosperous region, the British East India Company soon took notice of the affluence in which the Nawabs of Oudh lived. British dominance was established at the Battle of Buxar of 1764, when the East India Company defeated the alliance between the "nawab" of Oudh Shuja-ud-Daula and the deposed "nawab" of Bengal Mir Kasim. The result would be direct British interference in the internal state matters of Oudh, useful as a buffer state. Hastings even aided Oudh militarily against the rebelling Rohilla. The kingdom became a British protectorate in May 1816 (However, the state was an unofficial British protectorate since 1764).
Oudh State
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Battle of Chaul The Battle of Chaul was a naval battle between the Portuguese and an Egyptian Mamluk fleet in 1508 in the harbour of Chaul in India. The battle ended in a Mamluk victory. It followed the Siege of Cannanore (1507) in which a Portuguese garrison successfully resisted an attack by Southern Indian rulers. This was the first Portuguese defeat at sea in the Indian Ocean. Previously, the Portuguese had been mainly active in Calicut, but the northern region of Gujarat was even more important for trade, and an essential intermediary in east–west trade: the Gujaratis were bringing spices
Battle of Chaul
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Battle of Chaul The Battle of Chaul was a naval battle between the Portuguese and an Egyptian Mamluk fleet in 1508 in the harbour of Chaul in India. The battle ended in a Mamluk victory. It followed the Siege of Cannanore (1507) in which a Portuguese garrison successfully resisted an attack by Southern Indian rulers. This was the first Portuguese defeat at sea in the Indian Ocean. Previously, the Portuguese had been mainly active in Calicut, but the northern region of Gujarat was even more important for trade, and an essential intermediary in east–west trade: the Gujaratis were bringing spices
Battle of Chaul
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as part of the 10th Indian Infantry Division. An Armistice was signed with Iraq after British forces entered the Iraqi capital Baghdad on 31 May and the Iraqi Monarchy was restored, the coup leader Rashid Ali had fled, first to Iran and then to Germany. The battalion later took part in the invasion of Vichy France-controlled Syria later in the year. The battalion took part in the Battle of Deir ez Zor for which the regiment received another battle honour. The 1st Battalion later took part in operations in Iran and the Italian campaign. In Italy the battalion took part
10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles
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which also had the 17th Indian Infantry Brigade, 8th Indian Infantry Division under command was part of Iraqforce attack northern and central Syria from the east. 5th Brigade took part in the Battle of Kissoué and the Battle of Damascus, June 1941, and 10th Division the Battle of Deir ez-Zor in July. The Japanese Army attacked Hong Kong on 8 December 1941, less than eight hours after their attack on Pearl Harbor, among the defenders were the 5/7th Rajput Regiment and the 2/14th Punjab Regiment. The garrison held out for 18 days before being forced to surrender. As in Egypt,
Indian Army during World War II
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local rulers. In turn, Indian Brahmins and monks were invited by local rulers to live in their realms and help transforming local polities to become more Indianised, blending Indian and indigenous traditions. Sanskrit and Pali became the elite language of the region, which effectively made Southeast Asia part of the Indosphere. Most of the region had been Indianised during the first centuries, while the Philippines later Indianised circa 9th century when Kingdom of Tondo was established in Luzon. Vietnam, especially its northern part, was never fully Indianised due to the many periods of Chinese domination it experienced. The first Indian-influenced
Southeast Asia
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In 1812, Francis Buchanan visited the fort.He stated that only the southern side of the fort and bastions standing. He also mentioned that the fort had a subterranean passage which housed ancient images and that place is known as Patalganga. In 1871–1872 Alexander Cunningham visited the fort, he stated that he did not find any historical artifacts there and also said that it was “a purely Brahmanical site” and that it had “nothing of archaeological interest.” Buxar Fort Buxar Fort is a fort located in Buxar, Bihar, India. Buxar is a city in the state of Bihar in the eastern
Buxar Fort
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96th Regiment of Foot (1760) The 96th Regiment of Foot was a short-lived infantry regiment of the British Army which was raised during the Seven Years' War and existed from 1760-1763. The regiment was posted to India, where the British East India Company were engaged in hostilities with the French and the Mughal emperors. After taking part in the Siege of Pondicherry they were engaged in the Battle of Buxar, in which the East India Company, supported by British Army troops, defeated the combined Mughal forces in the Ganges valley during the Carnatic War. This pivotal British victory sealed the
96th Regiment of Foot (1760)
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112th Infantry The 112th Infantry were an infantry regiment of the East India Company's Bombay Army and lather the British Indian Army. The regiment traces their origins to 1796, when they were raised as the 2nd Battalion, 6th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry. The regiments first action was on the Battle of Khadki in the Third Anglo-Maratha War. They also took part in the Battle of Miani and the Battle of Hyderabad during the conquest of Sindh. They next took part in the central Indian campaign after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. During World War I they were attached to
112th Infantry
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as also some parts of Bangladesh. The East India Company was accorded the diwani rights, that is, the right to administer the collection and management of revenues of the province of Bengal, and parts of Oudh, currently comprising a large part of Uttar Pradesh. The diwani rights were legally granted by Shah Alam, who was then ruling sovereign Mughal emperor of Undivided India. The Battle of Buxar, which was fought hardly 115 km from Patna, heralded the establishment of the rule of the British East India Company in East India. During the rule of the British East India Company in
History of Patna
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Accession, joining the Indian Union. There was turmoil in the state in the succeeding months and several changes in the administrative structure took place in quick succession. Finally, on 9 September 1949, the Maharani signed the Merger Agreement with Indian Union, which became effective on 15 October, and Tripura became a Centrally administered Part C State (Chief Commissioner's Province) of India. Kirit Pradyot Deb Barman (b. 1978) is the son of the last king. The head of the royal family of Tripura held the title of 'Maharaja' from 1919 onwards. Since 1897 the rulers were entitled to a 13 gun
Tripura (princely state)
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Mughal emperor Jahangir) and so forth, which were created during the reign of subsequent Moghul rulers (16th century to 19th century) as Mughal paintings, but also with distinct Indian, Hindu, Jain and Buddhist influences. The Mughal style covered mainly portraits of Mughal emperors, Queens, court scenes, hunting scenes, special ceremonies, battle scenes, love scenes and various activities of royal rulers. This format of miniatures was also widely adopted by Rajput and Malwa rulers. The main narrator of the 52 stories of "Tutinama" is a parrot, who tells stories to his owner, a woman called Khojasta, in order to prevent her
Tutinama
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"President's Colours", which have replaced the King's colours after independence. Battle honour days are celebrated by a few units or regiments. Present battle honour days however pertain to battles for which honours have been won post-independence. Some battle honours, granted prior to independence to units for battles or campaigns in India against the local rulers or nationalist forces, have been declared as 'repugnant' and are not celebrated or held in esteem. The earliest battle to be commemorated in the history of the British Indian Army was Plassey in 1757 which was awarded in 1829 vide Gazette of the Governor General
Battle honour
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1940 it transferred Trincomalee and was a component of the (fast force) of the Eastern Fleet during the Indian Ocean raid April to May 1942. Originally stationed at Malta, took part in the Battle of Calabria in 9 July 1940, took part in the Battle of Cape Spartivento, 27 November 1940, was involved in the First Battle of Sirte, 17 December 1941 it then moved to Trincomalee in March 1942 was a component (slow force) of the Eastern Fleet during the Indian Ocean raid April to May 1942. Formed as part of a number of hunting task groups in 5
Task force
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rode in the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava. At the close of the Crimean war he proceeded to India with his regiment, which took part in suppressing the Indian Mutiny (1857–58) in Rajputana and Central India. He was present at the capture of Kotah, the reoccupation of Chundaree, the battle of Kotah ke Serai, the capture of Gwalior and of Powree, the battle of Sindwaho, and the action of Koorwye and Naharghur Walker-Heneage was 27 years old, and a captain in the 8th Hussars, British Army, during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took
Clement Walker Heneage
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fate of Mughal domination of North India. The regiment were disbanded in 1763 following the Treaty of Paris. The Colonel Commandant throughout its existence was Colonel Hon. George Monson. 96th Regiment of Foot (1760) The 96th Regiment of Foot was a short-lived infantry regiment of the British Army which was raised during the Seven Years' War and existed from 1760-1763. The regiment was posted to India, where the British East India Company were engaged in hostilities with the French and the Mughal emperors. After taking part in the Siege of Pondicherry they were engaged in the Battle of Buxar, in
96th Regiment of Foot (1760)
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and Ravi Shankar to be accorded this distinction. The Former Princely State also finds mention and is the setting for the second half of the popular novel "Half Girlfriend" by Chetan Bhagat where the protagonist Madhav Jha played by Arjun Kapoor is the Prince of the former Princely state Dumraon. Dumraon Railway Station is located in between Ara and Buxar Railway Station on the Howrah–Delhi main line via Patna–Mughalsarai section main line.The Railway code for Dumraon is DURE. Dumraon Dumraon is a sub division in Buxar district in the Indian state of Bihar. Dumraon is one of Bihar's oldest municipalities
Dumraon
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63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry The 63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. The regiment could trace its origins to 1759, when it was raised as the 4th Battalion Coast Sepoys. One of the oldest regiments in the British Indian Army, the Palamcottah Light Infantry took part in the Carnatic Wars, the Battle of Sholinghur in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the Battle of Mahidpur in the Third Anglo-Mysore War, and the Battle of Ava in the Second Anglo-Burmese War. They were then sent to China as part of the British Empire forces that took part
63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry
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to the newly formed Yeomanry Mounted Division on 6 July 1917, joining it at el Fuqari. From 31 October it took part in the Third Battle of Gaza, including the Battle of Beersheba and the Capture of the Sheria Position. It took part in the Battle of Mughar Ridge on 13 and 14 November and the Battle of Nebi Samwil from 17 to 24 November. From 27 to 29 November, it withstood the Turkish counter-attacks during the Capture of Jerusalem. In March 1918, the 1st Indian Cavalry Division was broken up in France. The British units (notably 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons,
12th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)
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many of the houses where silk piece goods were made, along with weavers' looms. By the late-18th century, the British East India Company emerged as the foremost military power in the region, defeating the French-allied Siraj-ud-Daulah at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, that was largely brought about by the betrayal of the Nawab's once trusted general Mir Jafar. The company gained administrative control over the Nawab's dominions, including Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. It gained the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Mughal Court after the Battle of Buxar in 1765. Bengal, Bihar and Orissa were made part
Bengal Subah
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and is situated six kilometers away from Buxar. The Kanwaldah Pokhara, also known as VyaghraSar, is today a tourist destination. It is surrounded by Bhojpur district in east, from Rohtas and Kaimur district in south, Ballia district in north and Ghazipur district in west. It covers the total area of 1,703 km. River "Karamnasa" and River Ganges which makes border of UP and Bihar from Kaimur to Buxar confluence here in River Ganges. According to the 2011 census, Buxar district has a population of 1,706,352 (roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska). This
Buxar district
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With the division, it took part in the First and Second Battles of Gaza. The brigade remained with the Imperial Mounted Division when it was renamed Australian Mounted Division on 30 June 1917. With the division, it took part in the Third Battle of Gaza including the Capture of Beersheba and the Battle of Mughar Ridge. It also resisted the Turkish counter-attacks in the Turkish Defence of Jerusalem. Three of the brigade's squadrons took part in the charge at Huj, the last British cavalry charge against enemy guns. In March 1918, the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was broken up in
13th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)
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Dumraon Dumraon is a sub division in Buxar district in the Indian state of Bihar. Dumraon is one of Bihar's oldest municipalities and one of India's oldest princely states. It is located 1.5 km south of National Highway (NH) 84 (Ara-Buxar Highway), north from NH-30 (Patna-Ara-Mohania) and from NH-2 (Delhi- Kolkata). It is known for its Sinhora. Sights include Jangali Shiv ka Mandir, Bihariji Ka Mandir, Dumrejani mai ka Mandir and Kaliji Ka Mandir. The famous villages near by Dumraon are Baisegaon (Fafadar), Kopwaon, Koran Sarai, Nandan, Chaugain, amsari, Simari, Ariaon & Sowan. Dumraon is located at . at an
Dumraon
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the 1790s before the British started their rule and repulsed the Gorkhas and that is how the name got stuck to the region. It is now dominated by Yadavs and Rajputs. Siwan was a part of Banaras Kingdom during the 8th century. Muslims came here in the 13th century. Sikandar Lodi brought this area in his kingdom in the 15th century. Babar crossed Ghaghra river near Siswan in his return journey. In the end of the 17th century, the Dutch came first followed by the English. After the battle of Buxar in 1765 it became a part of Bengal. Siwan
Tarwara
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and the "Boxer" ARG were to relieve the battle group and the ARG, which had been forward deployed for the previous five months to the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. "Oldendorf" arrived on station in the Persian Gulf with the "Carl Vinson" battle group and took part in Operation Desert Fox in December 1998. The operation was designed to degrade Saddam Hussein's ability to deliver chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, and wage war against his neighbors. It also took part in Operation Southern Watch. The "Carl Vinson" battle group, led by "Carl Vinson" and Carrier Air Wing
USS Oldendorf
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territory was previously administrated by the Archdiocese of Patna. The Sone River marks the boundary between the dioceses Patna and Buxar to the southeast. Other dioceses bordering are Varanasi to the west, Muzaffarpur to the north, and Daltonganj to the south. The total population in the diocese is 5,781,132, of which 15,745 are Catholic. The diocese is subdivided into 13 parishes. Roman Catholic Diocese of Buxar The (Roman Catholic) Diocese of Buxar (Latin: "Dioecesis Buxarensis") in India was created on December 12, 2005. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Patna. Its first bishop was William D'Souza. He
Roman Catholic Diocese of Buxar
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Mercenaries in India During the 16th and 17th centuries, a number of mercenaries, arriving from several countries found employment in India. Some of the mercenaries emerged to become independent or independent rulers. Thousands of Europeans took up service at the courts of rulers all over India. These mercenaries for the most part came from the margins of their respective societies. During the first war between Bahamani Sultanate and Vijayanagara Empire, launched in 1365 by Muhammad Shah I, both sides imported their artillery guns and employed Turkish and European gunners to man them. European mercenaries served in the courts of Indian
Mercenaries in India
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Hariharpur Estate, were the Honorary Secretaries of the federation upon its inception in 1935. The first flight over Mount Everest in took place in 1933. This expedition was organised by military officers, supported by public companies, and hosted by the Maharajah of Darbhanga Kameshwar Singh Bahadur along with the Raja of Banaili. Raj Darbhanga Darbhanga Raj, also known as Raj Darbhanga and the Khandwala dynasty, were a Maithil dynasty of zamindars and the rulers of territories, not all contiguous, that are part of the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent. The rulers of Raj Darbhanga were Maithil Brahmins and their
Raj Darbhanga
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on the Indian frontier. Once reorganised, the division was in reserve for the first part of the Second Arakan Offensive, once again under XV Corps. When a Japanese counter-attack at Ngakyedauk cut off the forward troops, 26th Division was deployed to relieve them. It fought down the coastal plain to reopen the roads by which the 5th Indian Division was supplied. After the battle ended with the repulse of the Japanese attackers, the division took over the 5th Division's front and took part in the capture of two vital railway tunnels. After this, the Arakan offensive wound down to spare
26th Indian Infantry Division
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theatre, but she never actually departed. She was then refitted as a 60 gun ship in 1762. "Saint Michel" was part of the Battle of Ushant (1778) which was the first major French-British naval conflict of the American Revolutionary War, and later took part in the capture of HMS "Ardent" off Plymouth on 17 August 1779. She was part of the Battle of Martinique (1780) in the West Indies. Appointed to Suffren's squadron in the Indian Ocean, she took part in the battles of Trincomalee and Cuddalore, before she returned to France in 1784. "Saint Michel" carried out another mission
French ship Saint Michel (1741)
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and Pakistan. There was a widespread belief that rulers of the princely states, in deciding to accede to India or Pakistan, should respect the wishes of the population, but few rulers took any steps to consult on such decisions. Jammu and Kashmir was a Muslim majority state, however Hari Singh, being a Hindu wanted Kashmir to be a part of India. On this, Pashtun Tribesman from Pakistan invaded Kashmir and defeated Hari Singh's forces. Hari Singh appealed to India for help. Although the Indian Prime Minister Nehru was ready to send troops, the Governor-General of India, Lord Mountbatten of Burma,
Hari Singh
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Neither side revealed its battle plans to the other. The battle plans drafted by the Ministry of Defence and General Chaudhari, did not specify a role for the Indian Air Force in the order of battle. This attitude of Gen. Chaudhari was referred to by ACM Lal as the "Supremo Syndrome", a patronizing attitude sometimes held by the Indian army towards the other branches of the Indian Military. The Pakistani Army's failures started with the supposition that a generally discontented Kashmiri people, given the opportunity provided by the Pakistani advance, would revolt against their Indian rulers, bringing about a swift
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
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station assigned to it, but kept moving from place to place until a strong detachment under Major Hector Munro joined the army under the command of Major John Carnac, in the neighbourhood of Patna. Major Munro then assumed the command, and being well supported by his men, quelled a formidable mutiny among the troops. After 20 Sepoys had been executed by Major Munro by blowing them off guns, and with discipline restored, he attacked the enemy at Buxar, on 23 October 1764 in what became the Battle of Buxar. Though the force opposed to him was five times as numerous
Hector Munro, 8th laird of Novar
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an annual delivery of 68 elephants. During the last two decades of the 17th century, the Mughals lost their influence on Assam while the East India Company gradually started strengthening their foothold in different parts of India including Bengal. The East India Company was awarded the 'diwani' or overlordship of Bengal by the empire following the Battle of Buxar in 1764 and the company came to an agreement (known as Permanent Settlement) with Bengali landlords in 1793 to fix revenues to be raised from land. With the Treaty of Yandaboo in 1826, the East India Company finally took control of
Abhayapuri
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took part in as part of the 15th Indian Division was the Action of As Sahilan on 11 September 1916. The brigade joined the newly formed 17th Indian Division, swapping places with the 50th Indian Brigade. It remained with the division for the rest of the war, taking part in the Action at Fat-ha Gorge on the Little Zab (23–26 October 1918) and the Battle of Sharqat (28–30 October 1918). At the end of the war, the 17th Division was chosen to form part of the occupation force for Iraq. It took part in the Iraq Rebellion in 1920. In
34th Indian Brigade
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Sher Shah Suri, from Sasaram, took northern India from the Mughals, defeating the Mughal army of Emperor Humayun. Sher Shah declared Delhi his capital. From the 11th century to the 20th century, Mithila was ruled by various indigenous dynasties. The first of these where the Karnatas, followed by the Oinwar dynasty and finally Raj Darbhanga. It was during this period that the capital of Mithila was shifted to Darbhanga. The tenth and the last "Guru" of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh was born in Patna. After the Battle of Buxar (1764), the British East India Company obtained the diwani rights (rights
Bihar
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Nanjaraja Wodeyar be invested should that happen, and he only later came to formally pay his respects to the new rajah. He took advantage of this opportunity to engage in a sort of house cleaning: the raja's palace was plundered, and its staff reduced to the point where virtually everyone employed there was also a spy for Hyder Ali. After the Battle of Buxar the British led by Hector Monro decided to support the Maratha Confederacy against the Shah Alam II, the Nawabs and Mysore. As the power struggle between Mysore and the Peshwa continued it soon began to involve
Hyder Ali
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in the Battles of Plassey and Buxar – were now suspect in British eyes, Hastings recruited farther west from the high-caste rural Rajputs and Bhumihar of Awadh and Bihar, a practice that continued for the next 75 years. However, in order to forestall any social friction, the Company also took action to adapt its military practices to the requirements of their religious rituals. Consequently, these soldiers dined in separate facilities; in addition, overseas service, considered polluting to their caste, was not required of them, and the army soon came officially to recognise Hindu festivals. "This encouragement of high caste ritual
Indian Rebellion of 1857