which was the third country to launch an artificial satellite in 1965 named asterix
France
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first satellite, but later renamed after the popular French comics character Astérix. Due to the relatively high altitude of its orbit, it is not expected to re-enter Earth's atmosphere for several centuries. Astérix (satellite) Astérix, the first French satellite, was launched on November 26, 1965 by a Diamant A rocket from the CIEES launch site at Hammaguir, French Algeria. With "Astérix", France became the sixth country to have an artificial satellite in orbit after the USSR ("Sputnik 1", 1957), the United States ("Explorer 1", 1958), the United Kingdom ("Ariel 1", 1962), Canada ("Alouette 1", 1962), and Italy ("San Marco 1",
Astérix (satellite)
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Astérix (satellite) Astérix, the first French satellite, was launched on November 26, 1965 by a Diamant A rocket from the CIEES launch site at Hammaguir, French Algeria. With "Astérix", France became the sixth country to have an artificial satellite in orbit after the USSR ("Sputnik 1", 1957), the United States ("Explorer 1", 1958), the United Kingdom ("Ariel 1", 1962), Canada ("Alouette 1", 1962), and Italy ("San Marco 1", 1964), and the third to launch a satellite on its own (the UK, Canada and Italy's satellites were launched on American rockets). The satellite was originally designated A-1, as the French Army's
Astérix (satellite)
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first satellite, but later renamed after the popular French comics character Astérix. Due to the relatively high altitude of its orbit, it is not expected to re-enter Earth's atmosphere for several centuries. Astérix (satellite) Astérix, the first French satellite, was launched on November 26, 1965 by a Diamant A rocket from the CIEES launch site at Hammaguir, French Algeria. With "Astérix", France became the sixth country to have an artificial satellite in orbit after the USSR ("Sputnik 1", 1957), the United States ("Explorer 1", 1958), the United Kingdom ("Ariel 1", 1962), Canada ("Alouette 1", 1962), and Italy ("San Marco 1",
Astérix (satellite)
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There have also been a number of games based on the characters, and a theme park near Paris, Parc Astérix. The very first French satellite, Astérix, launched in 1965, was also named after the comics character. As of 2017, 370million copies of "Asterix" books have been sold worldwide, with co-creators René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo being France's best-selling authors abroad. Prior to creating the "Asterix" series, Goscinny and Uderzo had previously had success with their series "Oumpah-pah", which was published in "Tintin" magazine. "Astérix" was originally serialised in "Pilote" magazine, debuting in the first issue on 29 October 1959. In
Asterix
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country gives the opportunity for students to pursue an international career. The academic specializations are: Approximately 400 of the 1,800 students in Paris graduate every year and 60% of them spent at least three months studying or working outside France. Depending on their specialization, they can attend classes in its 650 m (7000 ft) clean room. It is known as the first engineering school to have students design and launch an artificial satellite, named SARA, in 1991, as part of extracurricular work in "ESIEESPACE", a student club. During the last two years, students in Paris choose a specialization among the
ESIEE
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project had grown to involve a complete satellite, and the Sputnik 40 backup was never deployed. Sputnik 41 Sputnik 41 (, ), also known as Sputnik Jr 2 and Radio Sputnik 18 (RS-18), was a Franco-Russian amateur radio satellite which was launched in 1998 to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the Aéro-Club de France, and the forty-first anniversary of the launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite. A one-third scale model of Sputnik 1, Sputnik 41 was deployed from the Mir space station on 10 November 1998. Sputnik 41 was launched aboard Progress M-40 at 04:14 UTC on
Sputnik 41
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Sputnik 40 Sputnik 40 (, ), also known as Sputnik Jr, PS-2 and Radio Sputnik 17 (RS-17), was a Franco-Russian amateur radio satellite which was launched in 1997 to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite. A one-third scale model of Sputnik 1, Sputnik 40 was deployed from the Mir space station on 3 November 1997. Built by students, the spacecraft was constructed at the Polytechnic Laboratory of Nalchik in Kabardino-Balkaria, whilst its transmitter was assembled by Jules Reydellet College in Réunion with technical support from AMSAT-France. Sputnik 40 was launched, along
Sputnik 40
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Sputnik 41 Sputnik 41 (, ), also known as Sputnik Jr 2 and Radio Sputnik 18 (RS-18), was a Franco-Russian amateur radio satellite which was launched in 1998 to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the Aéro-Club de France, and the forty-first anniversary of the launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite. A one-third scale model of Sputnik 1, Sputnik 41 was deployed from the Mir space station on 10 November 1998. Sputnik 41 was launched aboard Progress M-40 at 04:14 UTC on 25 October 1998, along with supplies for Mir and the Znamya-2.5 reflector experiment. A Soyuz-U carrier
Sputnik 41
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Emeraude (rocket) Émeraude VE121 (French for "emerald") was a large French sounding rocket of the 1960s. It built on the experiences of the Véronique and Vesta programs, and though it was only used for one year, it tested important technologies that were used in later French launch vehicles, from the Topaze and Saphir sounding rockets to the Diamant, the multi-stage orbital rocket that was used to launch France's first satellite, the Asterix-1. Emeraude was launched exclusively from the Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux (CIEES) launch site in Hammaguir, Algeria. Its codename, VE121, means Vehicle Experimental; 1 stage, liquid propellant (code
Emeraude (rocket)
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Saphir (rocket) Saphir VE231 (French, meaning "sapphire") was a French sounding rocket. It was part of the ""pierres précieuses"" ("precious stones") family of launch vehicles. Saphir was used between 1965 and 1967 and had a payload capacity of . The rocket could reach a maximum altitude of and produced thrust of at launch. Saphir had a launch mass of , a diameter of and a length of . Saphir was launched 15 times, from July 5, 1965 to January 27, 1967. The Diamant rocket, which carried the first French satellite, Asterix-1, into orbit, was developed from the Saphir with the
Saphir (rocket)
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or the Topside Sounder Project. This work would soon lead to the development of Canada's first satellite known as Alouette 1. With the launch of Alouette 1 in September 1962 Canada became the third country to put an artificial satellite into space. At the time, Canada only possessed upper atmospheric launch capabilities (sounding rockets), therefore, Alouette 1 was sent aloft by the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Lompoc, California. The technical excellence of the satellite, which lasted for ten years instead of the expected one, prompted the further study of the ionosphere
Canadian Space Agency
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Vanguard 3 Vanguard 3 (international designation 1959 Eta 1) is a scientific satellite that was launched into Earth orbit by a Vanguard rocket SLV-7 on September 18, 1959, the third successful Vanguard launch out of eleven attempts. Vanguard rocket: Vanguard Satellite Launch Vehicle 7 (SLV-7) was an unused Vanguard TV-4BU (TVBU = Test Vehicle four Back up) rocket, updated to the final production Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company (now Lockheed-Martin), which intended to launch the first artificial
Vanguard 3
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Satellite insurance Satellite insurance is a specialized branch of aviation insurance in which, as of 2000, about 20 insurers worldwide participate directly. Others participate through reinsurance contracts with direct providers. It covers three risks: relaunching the satellite if the launch operation fails; replacing the satellite if it is destroyed, positioned in an improper orbit, or fails in orbit; and liability for damage to third parties caused by the satellite or the launch vehicle. In 1965 the first satellite insurance was placed with Lloyd's of London to cover physical damages on pre-launch for the "Early Bird" satellite Intelsat I. In 1968
Satellite insurance
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Korabl-Sputnik 2 Korabl-Sputnik 2 ( meaning "Ship-Satellite 2"), also known incorrectly as Sputnik 5 in the West, was a Soviet artificial satellite, and the third test flight of the Vostok spacecraft. It was the first spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth. Launched on 19 August 1960, it paved the way for the first human orbital flight, Vostok 1, which was launched less than eight months later. Korabl-Sputnik 2 was the second attempt to launch a Vostok capsule with dogs on board. The first try on 28 July, carrying a pair named Bars (Snow
Korabl-Sputnik 2
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countries, in chronological order by date of launch, include: The SuitSat, an obsolete Russian space suit with a transmitter aboard, is officially known as OSCAR 54. In a twist of fate, "Oscar" was the name given to an obsolete space suit by its young owner in the book "Have Space Suit—Will Travel," by Robert A. Heinlein. This book was originally published a year after the launch of the first artificial satellite (Sputnik). Amateur radio satellite An amateur radio satellite is an artificial satellite built and used by amateur radio operators for use in the Amateur-satellite service. These satellites use amateur
Amateur radio satellite
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1960, was the world's first active repeater satellite. The first artificial satellite used solely to further advances in global communications was a balloon named Echo 1. Echo 1 was the world's first artificial communications satellite capable of relaying signals to other points on Earth. It soared above the planet after its Aug. 12, 1960 launch, yet relied on humanity's oldest flight technology — ballooning. Launched by NASA, Echo 1 was a aluminized PET film balloon that served as a passive reflector for radio communications. The world's first inflatable satellite — or "satelloon", as they were informally known — helped lay
Communications satellite
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but are unable to launch them, instead relying on foreign launch services. This list does not consider those numerous countries, but only lists those capable of launching satellites indigenously, and the date this capability was first demonstrated. The list does not include the European Space Agency, a multi-national state organization, nor private consortiums. A few other private companies are capable of sub-orbital launches. While Canada was the third country to build a satellite which was launched into space, it was launched aboard an American rocket from an American spaceport. The same goes for Australia, who launched first satellite involved a
Satellite
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back to earth, it was destroyed by range safety. The second launch was successful. The first all-up launch on 2 September 1970 was the third launch of the Black Arrow, and Britain's first attempt to launch a satellite. The launch failed due to a leak in the second stage oxidiser pressurisation system, which caused it to cut out early. The third stage fired, but the rocket did not reach orbit, and re-entered over the Gulf of Carpentaria. The fourth launch successfully orbited the Prospero (before the R2 mission, it was named Puck) satellite, making the United Kingdom the sixth nation
Black Arrow
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Korolev forwarded a report by Mikhail Tikhonravov with an overview of similar projects abroad. Tikhonravov had emphasized that the launch of an orbital satellite was an inevitable stage in the development of rocket technology. On 29 July 1955, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced through his press secretary that the United States would launch an artificial satellite during the International Geophysical Year (IGY). A week later, on 8 August, the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union approved the proposal to create an artificial satellite. On 30 August Vasily Ryabikov – the head of the State Commission on
Sputnik 1
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Badr-1 Badr-1 (, meaning "Full Moon-1") was the first artificial and the first digital communications satellite launched by Pakistan's supreme national space authority—the SUPARCO—in 1990. The "Badr-1" was Pakistan's first indigenously developed and manufactured digital communications and an experimental artificial satellite which was launched into low Earth orbit by Pakistan on 16 July 1990, through a Chinese rocket carrier. The launch ushered new military, technological, and scientific developments in Pakistan and also provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere. Originally planned to be launched from the United States in 1986, the "Challenger disaster" furthered delayed the launch of the
Badr-1
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People's Republic of China. With the launch, Pakistan became the first Muslim majority country to have developed an artificial robotic satellite, and was the second South Asian state to have launched its satellite, second to India. One of the widely reported achievements was in 1998, when the country joined the nuclear club. In response to India's nuclear tests on 11 May and 13 May 1998, under codename "Operation Shakti", in the long-constructed Pokhran Test Range (PTR). Under Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) conducted five simultaneous tests at the Chagai Hills under codename "Chagai-I" on 28
Science and technology in Pakistan
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quiet and ultra-quiet measurement labs; and the Laboratory for Autonomous Systems Research (LASR). The Naval Research Laboratory has a long history of spacecraft development. This includes the second, fifth and seventh American satellites in Earth orbit, the first solar-powered satellite, the first surveillance satellite, the first meteorological satellite and the first GPS satellite. Project Vanguard, the first American satellite program, tasked NRL with the design, construction and launch of an artificial satellite, which was accomplished in 1958. , Vanguard I and its upper launch stage are still in orbit, making them the longest-lived man-made satellites. Vanguard II was the first
United States Naval Research Laboratory
387168
R-7 rocket test launches – held a meeting where Korolev presented calculation data for a spaceflight trajectory to the Moon. They decided to develop a three-stage version of the R-7 rocket for satellite launches. On 30 January 1956 the Council of Ministers approved practical work on an artificial Earth-orbiting satellite. This satellite, named "Object D", was planned to be completed in 1957–58; it would have a mass of and would carry of scientific instruments. The first test launch of "Object D" was scheduled for 1957. Work on the satellite was to be divided among institutions as follows: Preliminary design work
Sputnik 1
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Explorer 3 Explorer 3 (international designation 1958 Gamma) was an artificial satellite of the Earth, nearly identical to the first United States artificial satellite Explorer 1 in its design and mission. It was the second successful launch in the Explorer program. The satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida at 17:31:00 UTC on March 26, 1958, by the Juno I vehicle. The Juno I had its origins in the United States Army's Project Orbiter in 1954. The project was canceled in 1955, however, when the decision was made to proceed with Project Vanguard. Following the launch of
Explorer 3
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third stage of some Vanguard launch vehicles. For the Burner designation, Boeing equipped the stage with 3-axis control. The solid rocket engine later designated Thiokol FW-4 (TE 364-1). The first Thor Burner launch occurred on January 19, 1965 for the US military meteorological program DMSP B4A-01 satellite (first Block 4A). In March 1964, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) office approved plans to develop a more powerful Thor Burner 2 launch vehicle. The Burner 2 was developed for the Air Force Space Systems Division in 1965. The Boeing Company served as prime contractor with major subcontractors: Thiokol Chemical Corporation (solid
Burner (rocket stage)
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Kosmos 97 Kosmos 97 ( meaning "Cosmos 97"), also known as DS-U2-M No.1, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1965 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and used to conduct tests involving atomic clocks. A Kosmos-2M 63S1M carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 97 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/1 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 12:14 GMT on 26 November 1965, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into orbit. Upon reaching orbit, the satellite
Kosmos 97
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Thor-Burner The Thor-Burner was an American expendable launch system, a member of the Thor rocket family. It consisted of a Thor missile, with one or two Burner upper stages. It was used between 1965 and 1976 to orbit a number of satellites, most commonly Defense Meteorological Satellite Program weather satellites. Twenty-four were launched, of which two failed. Each launch cost 11.890 million 1985 US Dollars. It weighed 51,810 kg and was 24 metres tall. The Burner 1 stage was an Altair rocket stage as used for the third stage of some Vanguard launch vehicles, but equipped by Boeing with 3-axis
Thor-Burner
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MK-1TS MK-1TS Micron () is a Ukrainian small-sized spacecraft, artificial satellite of Earth manufactured by Yuzhmash. MK-1TS was launched on December 24, 2004, at 13:20 from the Plesetsk cosmodrome (Russia) using the Cyclone-3 launch vehicle together with Sich-1M satellite. Both satellites placed into incorrect orbits due to premature third stage cutoff. The satellite was active until September 30, 2005. MK-1TS has a small on-board camera (MBTC-VD), which provides digital optical-electronic images of Earth in the panchromatic range. In addition, one of the tasks of the microsatellite was to work out a new system of its orientation on the base of
MK-1TS
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a magnetometer and electromagnets without using other auxiliary devices. MK-1TS MK-1TS Micron () is a Ukrainian small-sized spacecraft, artificial satellite of Earth manufactured by Yuzhmash. MK-1TS was launched on December 24, 2004, at 13:20 from the Plesetsk cosmodrome (Russia) using the Cyclone-3 launch vehicle together with Sich-1M satellite. Both satellites placed into incorrect orbits due to premature third stage cutoff. The satellite was active until September 30, 2005. MK-1TS has a small on-board camera (MBTC-VD), which provides digital optical-electronic images of Earth in the panchromatic range. In addition, one of the tasks of the microsatellite was to work out a
MK-1TS
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experimental rocket program which later played an important role in Pakistan's development of a missile program. Throughout the 1960s till early 1970s, the SUPARCO launched more than 200 rockets using the different payloads of an experimental satellite. With the launching of Rehbar-1, Pakistan became the third country in Asia, first country in South Asia, and the tenth in the world to launch a vessel into outer space. It was followed by the successful launch of the Rehbar-II in 1962. The last launch of the Rehbar Rocket Program took place on 8 April 1972. Rehbar-I Rehbar was series of sounding rocket
Rehbar-I
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Vanguard TV2 Vanguard TV-2, also called Vanguard Test Vehicle Two, was the third sub-orbital test flight of a Vanguard rocket as part of Project Vanguard. Successful TV-2 followed the successful launch of Vanguard TV-0 a one-stage rocket launched in December 1956 and Vanguard TV-1 a two-stage rocket launched in May 1957. Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company (now Lockheed-Martin), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into Earth orbit using a Vanguard rocket. as the launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Missile
Vanguard TV2
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Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1. In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch an artificial satellite for the International Geophysical Year (1957–58). An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard. After the Soviet launch of the world's first artificial satellite ("Sputnik 1") on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The US Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to national security and technological leadership (known as the "Sputnik crisis"), urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower
NASA
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1 on 4 October 1957. "Sputnik" was the first artificial satellite in orbit around the Earth, and the surprise of its successful launch, compounded by the resounding failure of Project Vanguard to launch an American satellite after two attempts, has been dubbed the "Sputnik crisis" and was the impetus for the beginning of the Space Race. Trying to reclaim lost ground, the United States embarked on a series of new projects and studies, which eventually included the launch of Explorer 1 and the creation of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and NASA. In 1949, the Armour Research Foundation
Project A119
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San Marco programme The San Marco programme was an Italian satellite launch programme conducted between the early 1960s and the late 1980s. The project resulted in the launch of the first Italian-built satellite, San Marco 1, on December 15, 1964. With this launch Italy became the third country in the world to operate its own satellite, after the Soviet Union and the United States San Marco was a collaboration between the Italian Space Research Commission (CRS) (a branch of the National Research Council), led by Luigi Broglio and Edoardo Amaldi, and NASA. In total 5 satellites were launched during the
San Marco programme
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the DSCOVR climate satellite at the L1 point. Citing a lack of confidence in its contractor's ability to deliver, the mission was cancelled in October 2014. , the European Space Agency (ESA) has a proposed deorbit sail, named ""Gossamer"", that would be intended to be used to accelerate the deorbiting of small (less than ) artificial satellites from low-Earth orbits. The launch mass is with a launch volume of only . Once deployed, the sail would expand to and would use a combination of solar pressure on the sail and increased atmospheric drag to accelerate satellite reentry. The Near-Earth Asteroid
Solar sail
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as training for the Italian ground crew in preparation for future launches. While all launches were successful, Italy would go on to primarily pursue cooperation through European Launcher Development Organisation and the European Space Research Organisation and ultimately their successor the European Space Agency. San Marco programme The San Marco programme was an Italian satellite launch programme conducted between the early 1960s and the late 1980s. The project resulted in the launch of the first Italian-built satellite, San Marco 1, on December 15, 1964. With this launch Italy became the third country in the world to operate its own satellite,
San Marco programme
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Creation of NASA As a result of the space race between USA and the Soviet Union in the 1950s, NASA was created in 1958 from NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, formed 1915) and other related organizations. From 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1. In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch an artificial satellite for the International Geophysical Year (1957–58). An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard. After the Soviet space program's launch of the world's first artificial satellite ("Sputnik 1") on
Creation of NASA
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Lincoln Experimental Satellite The Lincoln Experimental Satellite series was designed and built by Lincoln Laboratory at MIT between 1965 and 1976, under USAF sponsorship, for testing devices and techniques for satellite communication. The series had satellites named LES1 through LES9. They suffered a number of launch problems - LES1 and LES2 were supposed to be delivered to the same 2,800 x 15,000 km orbit, though a failure of a boost stage left LES1 in a 2,800 km circular orbit. LES3 and LES4 were intended to be delivered to geostationary orbit, but a launch problem left them in their transfer orbit.
Lincoln Experimental Satellite
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of an indigenous expendable launch system with which payloads, such as satellites, could be launched into orbit. The indigenous launcher, which was promptly named "Diamant", drew heavily from the military ballistic missile programmes which had preceded it; as such, much of the rocket's design was based upon these early missiles. On 26 November 1965, the first Diamant rocket was fired from its launch site, the CIEES testing range, at Hammaguir, Bechar Province, French Algeria. This maiden flight was deemed to be a success, achieving sufficient altitude and launching French's first satellite, a 42 kg test vehicle known as Astérix, into
Diamant
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Dnepr (rocket) The Dnepr rocket (; ) is a space launch vehicle named after the Dnieper River. It is a converted ICBM used for launching artificial satellites into orbit, operated by launch service provider ISC Kosmotras. The first launch, on April 21, 1999, successfully placed UoSAT-12, a 350 kg demonstration mini-satellite, into a 650 km circular Low Earth orbit. The Dnepr is based on the R-36MUTTH Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)called the "SS-18 Satan" by NATOdesigned in the 1970s by the Yuzhnoe Design Bureau in Dnipro, Ukraine, which was then a part of the USSR. The Dnepr control system was developed
Dnepr (rocket)
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to take advantage of the immensity of space to transmit information, using a satellite system for this purpose. During the Cold War years, the shock caused by the successful launch of the first man-made artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviets increased the United States' interest in the development of aerospace research. Soon after the launch of what would become known as Earth's first artificial satellite, Sputnik in 1957, the Americans began their attempts to launch communications satellites. These circled the planet in elliptical or circular orbits and aimed to improve telecommunications services such as telephones, radio and television. The
Telstar 1
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Amateur radio satellite An amateur radio satellite is an artificial satellite built and used by amateur radio operators for use in the Amateur-satellite service. These satellites use amateur radio frequency allocations to facilitate communication between amateur radio stations. Many amateur-satellites receive an OSCAR designation, which is an acronym for Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio. The designation is assigned by AMSAT, an organization which promotes the development and launch of amateur radio satellites. Because of the prevalence of this designation, amateur radio satellites are often referred to as OSCARs. These satellites can be used for free by licensed amateur radio operators
Amateur radio satellite
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The launch vehicle for PS-1, was a modified R-7 – vehicle 8K71PS number M1-PS– without much of the test equipment and radio gear that was present in the previous launches. It arrived at the Soviet missile base Tyura-Tam in September and was prepared for its mission at launch site number one. On Friday, October 4, 1957, at exactly 10:28:34 pm Moscow time, the R-7, with the now named "Sputnik 1" satellite, lifted off the launch pad, and placed this artificial "moon" into an orbit a few minutes later. This "fellow traveler," as the name is translated in English, was a
Space Race
2298013
were both taxidermied after their deaths and placed on display in the Moscow Museum of Space and Aeronautics. Korabl-Sputnik 2 Korabl-Sputnik 2 ( meaning "Ship-Satellite 2"), also known incorrectly as Sputnik 5 in the West, was a Soviet artificial satellite, and the third test flight of the Vostok spacecraft. It was the first spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth. Launched on 19 August 1960, it paved the way for the first human orbital flight, Vostok 1, which was launched less than eight months later. Korabl-Sputnik 2 was the second attempt to launch a
Korabl-Sputnik 2
2380193
from Kapustin Yar. Orbital mass 337 kg. It was a Soviet DS (Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik) type military satellite built in Ukraine for launch by Kosmos launch vehicles. It was used for military and scientific research and component proving tests. Kosmos (satellite) Kosmos (, , "Cosmos") is a designation given to a large number of satellites operated by the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia. Kosmos 1, the first spacecraft to be given a Kosmos designation, was launched on 16 March 1962. The first Soviet satellites orbiting Earth were named Sputnik, Polyot (starting in 1963), Elektron (in 1964), Proton (in 1965), and Molniya
Kosmos (satellite)
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released "Scientific Uses for a Satellite Vehicle," written by R.R. Carhart. This expanded on potential scientific uses for satellite vehicles and was followed in June 1955 with "The Scientific Use of an Artificial Satellite," by H.K. Kallmann and W.W. Kellogg. In the context of activities planned for the International Geophysical Year (1957–58), the White House announced on 29 July 1955 that the U.S. intended to launch satellites by the spring of 1958. This became known as Project Vanguard. On 31 July, the Soviets announced that they intended to launch a satellite by the fall of 1957. Following pressure by the
Satellite
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an obsolete space suit by its young owner in the book "Have Space Suit, Will Travel", by Robert A Heinlein. This book was originally published a year after the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik. The names of the satellites below are sorted in chronological order by launch date, ascending. The status column denotes the current operational status of the satellite. Green signifies that the satellite is currently operational, orange indicates that the satellite is partially operational or failing. Red indicates that the satellite is non operational and black indicates that the satellite has re-entered the earth's atmosphere. The
AMSAT
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TDRS-10 TDRS-10, known before launch as TDRS-J, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was constructed by the Boeing Satellite Development Center, formerly Hughes Space and Communications, and is based on the BSS-601 satellite bus. It was the third and final Advanced TDRS, or second-generation Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, to be launched. The final Atlas IIA rocket was used to launch TDRS-J, under a contract with International Launch Services. The launch occurred at 02:42 UTC on 5 December 2002, from Space Launch Complex 36A at
TDRS-10
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Kosmos 95 Kosmos 95 ( meaning "Cosmos 95"), also known as DS-U2-V No.2, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1965 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used to conduct classified technology development experiments for the Soviet armed forces. A Kosmos-2M 63S1M carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 95 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/1 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 05:31 GMT on 4 November 1965, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into
Kosmos 95
14075100
Kosmos 93 Kosmos 93 ( meaning "Cosmos 93"), also known as DS-U2-V No.1, was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1965 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme. It was a spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and was used to conduct classified technology development experiments for the Soviet armed forces. A Kosmos-2M 63S1M carrier rocket was used to launch Kosmos 93 into low Earth orbit. The launch took place from Site 86/1 at Kapustin Yar. The launch occurred at 05:44 UTC on 19 October 1965, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into
Kosmos 93
2396578
disclosed to the world press. The programme carried out six manned spaceflights between 1961 and 1963. The longest flight lasted nearly five days, and the last four were launched in pairs, one day apart. This exceeded Project Mercury's demonstrated capabilities of a longest flight of just over 34 hours, and of single missions. Vostok was succeeded by two Voskhod programme flights in 1964 and 1965, which used three- and two-man modifications of the Vostok capsule and a larger launch rocket. The world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, had been put into orbit by the Soviets in 1957. The next milestone
Vostok programme
124948
"UNEX", with select "Missions of Opportunity" operated with other agencies. The Explorers Program was the United States's first successful attempt to launch an artificial satellite. It began as a U.S. Army proposal (Project Orbiter) to place a, "civilian", scientific satellite into orbit during the International Geophysical Year; however, that proposal was rejected in favor of the U.S. Navy's Project Vanguard, which included the first sub-orbital flight Vanguard TV0. in December 1956. The Explorers Program was later reestablished to catch up with the Soviet Union its launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957 sparked the Sputnik crisis. Explorer 1 was
Explorers Program
19230423
drive to put men on the moon with the USA's Apollo program. Vanguard TV2 Vanguard TV-2, also called Vanguard Test Vehicle Two, was the third sub-orbital test flight of a Vanguard rocket as part of Project Vanguard. Successful TV-2 followed the successful launch of Vanguard TV-0 a one-stage rocket launched in December 1956 and Vanguard TV-1 a two-stage rocket launched in May 1957. Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and designed and built by the Glenn L. Martin Company (now Lockheed-Martin), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into Earth orbit
Vanguard TV2
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American Rocket Society, the National Science Foundation, and the International Geophysical Year, military interest picked up and in early 1955 the Army and Navy were working on Project Orbiter, two competing programs: the army's which involved using a Jupiter C rocket, and the civilian/Navy Vanguard Rocket, to launch a satellite. At first, they failed: initial preference was given to the Vanguard program, whose first attempt at orbiting a satellite resulted in the explosion of the launch vehicle on national television. But finally, three months after Sputnik 2, the project succeeded; Explorer 1 became the United States' first artificial satellite on
Satellite
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Sich-1M Sich-1M () is a Ukrainian spacecraft, an artificial satellite of Earth, constructed for remote sensing of Earth. Developed byYuzhnoye Design Office and manufactured by Yuzhmash. Sich-1M was launched on December 24, 2004 at 13:20 from the Plesetsk cosmodrome (Russia) using the Cyclone-3 launch vehicle together with MK-1TS microsatellite. Both satellites placed into incorrect orbits due to premature third stage cutoff. The satellite was active until April 15, 2006. Sich-1M was designed to receive information simultaneously in the optical, infrared and microwave ranges. The complex of research equipment installed on the spacecraft allowed to study the atmosphere of Earth and
Sich-1M
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the World Ocean, monitoring the hydrological and ice conditions, vegetation and soil cover of the land, etc. Sich-1M Sich-1M () is a Ukrainian spacecraft, an artificial satellite of Earth, constructed for remote sensing of Earth. Developed byYuzhnoye Design Office and manufactured by Yuzhmash. Sich-1M was launched on December 24, 2004 at 13:20 from the Plesetsk cosmodrome (Russia) using the Cyclone-3 launch vehicle together with MK-1TS microsatellite. Both satellites placed into incorrect orbits due to premature third stage cutoff. The satellite was active until April 15, 2006. Sich-1M was designed to receive information simultaneously in the optical, infrared and microwave ranges.
Sich-1M
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the Science ministry confirmed the launch of the satellite. As the satellite completed its life, a new project was launched, more ambitious, advanced, and difficult than "Badr-1". However, even after the "Badr-1I" was completed, the satellite could not be able to launch until 2001. With the successful development and launch of the "Badr-1", Pakistan became the first Muslim country, and second South Asian country after India, to place a satellite in orbit. The satellite gave Pakistani scientists an academic, scientific, and an amateur community experience in telemetry, tracking, control and data communications as the satellite successfully completed store and dump
Badr-1
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launch was more than twenty years old. Procedures for launch have been changed to prevent future malfunctions of this kind. Dnepr (rocket) The Dnepr rocket (; ) is a space launch vehicle named after the Dnieper River. It is a converted ICBM used for launching artificial satellites into orbit, operated by launch service provider ISC Kosmotras. The first launch, on April 21, 1999, successfully placed UoSAT-12, a 350 kg demonstration mini-satellite, into a 650 km circular Low Earth orbit. The Dnepr is based on the R-36MUTTH Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)called the "SS-18 Satan" by NATOdesigned in the 1970s by the
Dnepr (rocket)
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activities such as commercial communications satellites and private spaceflight. Space policy also encompasses the creation and application of space law, and space advocacy organizations exist to support the cause of space exploration. Space law is an area of the law that encompasses national and international law governing activities in outer space. There are currently five treaties that make up the body of international space law. The inception of the field of space law began with the launch of the world's first artificial satellite by the Soviet Union in October 1957. Named "Sputnik 1", the satellite was launched as part of
Space policy
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Yubileiny Yubileiny (, lit. "Jubilee") is an educational Russian satellite built by NPO PM to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to be placed into Earth orbit. The satellite was launched on 23 May 2008 aboard a Rokot class rocket from the LC-133 launch facility at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome, after being delayed since the end of 2007. It was a secondary payload accompanying a cluster of three Gonets communication satellites, and utilised the excess capacity of the carrier. The satellite mission was to broadcast audio and video about the Soviet and Russian
Yubileiny
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WRESAT WRESAT (abbreviation for: Weapons Research Establishment Satellite) was the name of the first Australian satellite. It was named after its designer. WRESAT was launched on 29 November 1967 using a modified American Redstone rocket with two upper stages known as a Sparta from the Woomera Test Range in South Australia. The Sparta (left over from the joint Australian-US-UK Sparta program), was donated by the United States. The launch made Australia the seventh nation to have an Earth satellite launched, and the third nation to launch one from its own territory, after the Soviet Union and the United States (the
WRESAT
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Optus D3 Optus D3 is an Australian geostationary communications satellite, which is operated by Optus and provides communications services to Australasia. D3 was the third Optus-D satellite to be launched. It is a satellite, which was constructed by Orbital Sciences Corporation based on the Star-2.4 satellite bus, with the same configuration as the earlier Optus D2 satellite. It was launched, along with the Japanese JCSAT-12 satellite, by Arianespace. An Ariane 5ECA rocket was used for the launch, which occurred from ELA-3 at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. The launch took place at 22:09 GMT on 21 August
Optus D3
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China's own strategic weapons, including associated missiles. After the launch of mankind's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, Chairman Mao decided to put China on an equal footing with the superpowers ("我们也要搞人造卫星"), using Project 581 with the idea of putting a satellite in orbit by 1959 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the PRC's founding. However, it would not be until 24 April, 1970 that this goal would become a reality. Mao and Zhou Enlai began the PRCs crewed space program on 14 July 1967. China's first manned spacecraft design was named "Shuguang-1"
Tiangong program
859266
Vanguard 1 Vanguard 1 (ID: 1958-Beta 2 ) was the fourth artificial Earth orbital satellite to be successfully launched (following Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, and Explorer 1). Vanguard 1 was the first satellite to have solar electric power. Although communication with the satellite was lost in 1964, it remains the oldest man-made object still in orbit, together with the upper stage of its launch vehicle. It was designed to test the launch capabilities of a three-stage launch vehicle as a part of Project Vanguard, and the effects of the space environment on a satellite and its systems in Earth orbit.
Vanguard 1
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the satellite decayed on March 31, 1990, but the satellite was seen and tracked later that year and in the mid-1990s by amateur observers. The second satellite (USA-144 or 1999-028A) was launched on May 22, 1999, and by 2004 the launch of a third satellite was planned for 2009. Circumstantial evidence suggested that the third satellite might be the payload of the Delta IV Heavy launch designated NROL-15, which was launched in June 2012. That launch deposited a payload into geosynchronous orbit but, given the stealth/deception hypothesis, there remains the possibility of other, undetected payloads. Misty is reported to have
Misty (satellite)
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USA-227 USA-227, known before launch as NRO Launch 27 (NROL-27), is an American communications satellite which was launched in 2011. It is operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office. Whilst details of its mission are officially classified, amateur observers have identified USA-227 as being a third-generation Satellite Data System satellite in geosynchronous orbit. The first amateur observation of the satellite was made on 6 April 2011, when the spacecraft was located at a longitude of 30.4 degrees west. SDS satellites are used to relay data from American reconnaissance satellites to ground stations. United Launch Alliance performed the launch of
USA-227
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dubbed the "Space Race". The race began in 1957, when both the US and the USSR made statements announcing they planned to launch artificial satellites during the 18 month long International Geophysical Year of July 1957 to December 1958. On July 29, 1957, the US announced a planned launch of the Vanguard by the spring of 1958, and on July 31, the USSR announced it would launch a satellite in the fall of 1957. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite of Earth in the history of mankind. On November 3, 1957, the
History of spaceflight
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Intelsat 604 Intelsat 604, previously named Intelsat VI F-4, was a communications satellite operated by Intelsat. Launched in 1990, it was the third of five Intelsat VI satellites to be launched. The Intelsat VI series was constructed by Hughes Aircraft, based on the HS-389 satellite bus. Intelsat 604 was launched at 11:19 UTC on 23 June 1990, atop a Commercial Titan III carrier rocket, flight number CT-3, with an Orbus-21S upper stage. The launch took place from Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and successfully placed Intelsat 604 into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself
Intelsat 604
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develop a launch vehicle based on Shahab-3. The Shahab-3 is a liquid-fueled single-stage missile. The Iran Space Research Center started testing launch capabilities since early 2007 reaching 150–200 km altitude. These rockets were based on Shahab-3 series and were typically equipped with wind, air and temperature instruments. In August 2008, Iran developed a two-stage launch vehicle Safir-1 which launched a dummy satellite. On February 2009, Iran launched a satellite named Omid into orbit using the domestically built launch vehicle Safir-2, thus becoming the 9th nation to do so on Timeline of first orbital launches by country. Their Aerospace engineering achievement
Imam Hossein University
4321124
larger launch vehicles, there are a number of companies currently developing launch vehicles specifically targeted at the smallsat market. In particular, the secondary payload paradigm does not provide the specificity required for many small satellites that have unique orbital and launch-timing requirements. Companies planning small sat launch vehicles include: The term "microsatellite" or "microsat" is usually applied to the name of an artificial satellite with a wet mass between . However, this is not an official convention and sometimes those terms can refer to satellites larger than that, or smaller than that (e.g., ). Sometimes designs or proposed designs from
Small satellite
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spacecraft is currently located in the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, Milestones of Flight Gallery. Explorer 3 Explorer 3 (international designation 1958 Gamma) was an artificial satellite of the Earth, nearly identical to the first United States artificial satellite Explorer 1 in its design and mission. It was the second successful launch in the Explorer program. The satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida at 17:31:00 UTC on March 26, 1958, by the Juno I vehicle. The Juno I had its origins in the United States Army's Project Orbiter in 1954. The project was canceled
Explorer 3
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PW-Sat1 reentered the atmosphere on 28 October 2014. Development of a successor, PW-Sat2, begun in September 2013 with launch planned for 2017. PW-Sat PW-Sat is a series of satellites that includes the first Polish artificial satellite which was launched 13 February 2012 from ELA-1 at Guiana Space Centre aboard Italian-built Vega launch vehicle during its maiden voyage. PW-Sat1's mission was to test experimental elastic solar cells, as well as an orbital decay technology consisting of a "tail" designed to speed re-entry. It was expected to last for 1 year. PW-Sat1 was a type of CubeSat satellite constructed by the Faculty
PW-Sat
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(Agate, Topaz, Emerald, Ruby and Sapphire), and drew heavily upon the knowledge and technologies that had been previously developed. On 26 November 1965, the Diamant A performed its maiden flight. Out of a total of 12 launch attempts to be performed between 1965 and 1975, 9 of these were successful. Most notably, on 26 November 1965, the Diamant was used to successfully launch the first French satellite, named Astérix. Three successive versions of the Diamant rocket were developed, designated "A", "B" and "BP4". All versions had three stages and a payload of approximately 150 kg for a 200 km orbit.
Diamant
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thousands of North Koreans took place in Kim Il-sung Square, Pyongyang to celebrate the launch of the satellite. In August 2009, postage stamps commemorating the launch were brought into circulation. The souvenir sheet says "Launch of Artificial Satellite 'Kwangmyongsong No. 2' in the DPRK". Shortly after members of the United Nations Security Council unanimously condemned the rocket launch, North Korea responded in a statement released by its foreign ministry on April 14, 2009 that the UN action was an "unbearable insult", and the UN statement infringed its sovereignty and "severely debases" its people. It also decided to quit the six-party
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
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direct military conflict. The United States often opposed Third World movements that it viewed as Soviet-sponsored, and occasionally pursued direct action for regime change against left-wing governments. American troops fought communist Chinese and North Korean forces in the Korean War of 1950–53. The Soviet Union's 1957 launch of the first artificial satellite and its 1961 launch of the first manned spaceflight initiated a "Space Race" in which the United States became the first nation to land a man on the moon in 1969. A proxy war in Southeast Asia eventually evolved into full American participation, as the Vietnam War. At
United States
3380564
seconds after lift-off. The separation and ejection system operated as planned. The Pegasus 3 spacecraft, which was attached to the S-IV stage of the Saturn I and stowed inside the boilerplate service module, was deployed 40 seconds after command initiation at 872 seconds. Pegasus 3 was a 1423.6 kilogram (3138.6 pound) micrometeoroid detection satellite, which was bolted to the S-IV. AS-105 AS-105 was the fifth and final orbital flight of a boilerplate Apollo spacecraft, and the third and final launch of a Pegasus micrometeroid detection satellite. It was launched by SA-10, the tenth and final Saturn I rocket, in 1965.
AS-105
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tug briefly rolled upright and only then rescued by breaking a wheelhouse window. The successful raising of "Asterix" was announced on 12 April 2015, though she was subsequently declared a total loss. Asterix (tug) Asterix was a small tug/mooring launch which capsized and was a total loss in March 2015 while operating at the marine terminal of Fawley Refinery in Southampton Water, England "Asterix" was a small tug, used for towing and mooring at ExxonMobil's Fawley oil refinery in Hampshire, England. She was a standard "StanTug 1205" built in 2013 by Damen Group of Gorinchem, Netherlands and one of a
Asterix (tug)
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pad and exploded 29 seconds after lift-off. One person from the ground crew was killed and eight injured. Another failure occurred on June 21, 2005, during a Molniya military communications satellite launch from the Plesetsk launch site, which used a four-stage version of the rocket called Molniya-M. The flight ended six minutes after the launch because of a failure of the third stage engine or an unfulfilled order to separate the second and third stages. The rocket's second and third stages, which are identical to the Soyuz, and its payload (a Molniya-3K satellite) crashed in the Uvatski region of Tyumen
Soyuz (rocket family)
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2016 Amos-6 incident, due to a catastrophic failure during a static fire test. The complex was repaired and returned to operational status in December 2017 for the CRS-13 mission. The first launch from SLC-40 (initially named LC-40) was the maiden flight of the Titan IIIC (June 18, 1965), carrying two transtage upper stages to test the functionality of the vehicle. Two interplanetary missions were launched from the pad: A total of 30 Titan IIICs, 8 Titan 34Ds and 17 Titan IVs were launched between 1965 and 2005. The final Titan launch from SLC-40 was the Lacrosse-5 reconnaissance satellite carried on
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40
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The resulting shock to US pride and perceptions of national security, when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial earth satellite, on October 4, 1957 (on the much larger R-7 rocket, developed as an ICBM), combined with the spectacular launch failure of the first complete Vanguard test launch December 6, 1957, is well known and recounted elsewhere. Thus the first US satellite, Explorer 1, was launched January 31, 1958 by a substantially larger Army Jupiter-C rocket, based on the Redstone missile, which had been developed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Huntsville, Alabama under the leadership
Milton Rosen
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Sina-1 Sina-1 () is the first Iranian artificial satellite, launched at 6:52 UTC October 28, 2005 on board a Cosmos-3M Russian launch vehicle from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The rocket was also carrying a Russian military Mozhayets-5 satellite, a Chinese China-DMC, a British Topsat, a European Space Agency SSETI Express, a Norwegian nCube, a German UWE-1 and a Japanese XI-V. Sina-1 Satellite Catalog Number or USSPACECOM object number is 28893 . In 2003, then-Defense Minister Admiral Ali Shamkhani announced that Iran would launch its first satellite on a locally produced launch vehicle within eighteen months. The plan was to develop a
Sina-1
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control. This combination was used for six vehicles. The first was launched 1965-01-18 and the sixth 1966-03-30. These were early launches of classified Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites. One of these launches failed. On February 19, 1976, the attempted launch of a DMSP satellite from Vandenberg's SLC-10W went awry when SECO occurred 5 seconds early. Although the second stage separated and fired properly, the satellite was left in an unusable orbit from which it decayed only one hour after launch. Investigation into the mishap found that the Thor had been loaded an insufficient amount of RJ-1 (a higher grade of
Thor-Burner
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D was the presence of three Castor-1 solid rocket boosters, clustered around the first stage. Both Delta D launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17A. The first, on 19 August 1964, carried the Syncom 3 satellite. The last, on 6 April 1965, carried the first commercial communications satellite, Intelsat I. Delta D The Delta D, Thrust Augmented Delta or Thor-Delta D was an American expendable launch system used to launch two communications satellites in 1964 and 1965. It was derived from the Delta C, and was a member of the Delta family of rockets. The
Delta D
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to the Prime Minister of India. ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19April 1975. It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In
Indian Space Research Organisation
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F+ and Sport+ and film channels Film+, Cinema+, Comedy+ and Action+. Bulsatcom launched its own satellite named BulgariaSat-1 on the 23rd of June 2017 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch Vehicle. This launch was the second time a Falcon 9 core has been reused for commercial purposes. The Satellite was constructed by the American company SSL and is based on their SSL 1300 Series Satellite Platform which was awarded in 2014. The CEO of Bulsatcom, Maxim Zayakov, has expressed the intention of the company to launch its own second satellite which will be named BulgariaSat-2 in the next 4–5 years.
Bulsatcom
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with Bags of Grit". The story concluded in the issue dated 4 April 1964. "Ranger" was a British magazine for boys published in 1965 and 1966. It included a version of "Asterix and the Big Fight" with the action transferred to Britain. Beginning in issue one, the strip was called "Britons Never, Never, Never Shall Be Slaves!" with Asterix renamed Beric the Bold and Obelix being called Son of Boadicea. They are referred to as the henchmen of Chief Caradoc and Son of Boadicea has a dog named Fido. Their druid is called Doric. The story concluded in issue 40
English translations of Asterix
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orbit. The Spanish company PLD Space born in 2011 with the objective of developing low cost launch vehicles called ARION-1 and ARION-2 with the capacity to place up to into orbit. The term "nanosatellite" or "nanosat" is applied to an artificial satellite with a wet mass between . Designs and proposed designs of these types may be launched individually, or they may have multiple nanosatellites working together or in formation, in which case, sometimes the term "satellite swarm" or "fractionated spacecraft" may be applied. Some designs require a larger "mother" satellite for communication with ground controllers or for launching and
Small satellite
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on August 31 from a launch site in Musudan-ri, Hwadae-gun, North Hamgyong Province by a Paektusan-1 satellite launch vehicle (SLV). No objects were ever tracked in orbit from the launch, and outside North Korea it is considered to have been a failure. The North American Aerospace Defense Command reported that the satellite failed to reach orbit, and burned up in the atmosphere. The failure is believed to have occurred during the third stage burn. North Korea's leader Kim Jong-Il revealed that the country had spent approximately 200-300 million dollars for the satellite project during a summit with then-South Korean president
Kwangmyŏngsŏng program
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stage. Three were launched between 1965 and 1965 as part of Project ASSET. Launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 17B The DSV-2J was an operational nuclear anti-satellite weapon. 18 were launched between 1964 and 1975. Most flights were non-intercept tests of the rocket's anti-satellite capabilities, however some later launches carried research payloads. Launches were conducted from Launch Emplacements 1 and 2 on Johnston Atoll. Thor DSV-2 The Thor DSV-2 was a series of sounding rockets, test vehicles, and anti-satellite weapons derived from the Thor Intermediate-range ballistic missile. It was also used as the first stage
Thor DSV-2
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of Art in September 2017. The work combines composed and generative music with the live signal of the LES1, and was undertaken in collaboration with musician David Bryant. Lincoln Experimental Satellite The Lincoln Experimental Satellite series was designed and built by Lincoln Laboratory at MIT between 1965 and 1976, under USAF sponsorship, for testing devices and techniques for satellite communication. The series had satellites named LES1 through LES9. They suffered a number of launch problems - LES1 and LES2 were supposed to be delivered to the same 2,800 x 15,000 km orbit, though a failure of a boost stage left
Lincoln Experimental Satellite
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Compass-G1 Compass-G1, also known as Beidou-2 G1, is a Chinese navigation satellite which will become part of the Compass navigation system. It was launched in January 2010, and became the third Compass satellite to be launched after Compass-M1 and Compass-G2. Compass-G1 was launched at 16:12 GMT on 16 January 2010, and was the first orbital launch to be conducted in 2010. The launch used a Long March 3C carrier rocket, flying from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre. It was the first flight of a Long March 3 series rocket since an upper stage engine problem in August 2009 which left
Compass-G1
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of a GSLV, and the second flight of the Mk.II variant, whose maiden flight with GSAT-4 had failed in 2010. It ended a run of four consecutive GSLV launch failures which began with INSAT-4C in 2006. The launch marked the first successful flight test of the CE-7.5, India's first cryogenically-fuelled rocket engine. GSAT-14 GSAT-14 is an Indian communications satellite launched in January 2014. It replaced the GSAT-3 satellite, which was launched in 2004. GSAT-14 was launched by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.II, which incorporated an Indian-built cryogenic engine on the third stage. GSAT-14 is part of the GSAT series
GSAT-14
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Asterix (tug) Asterix was a small tug/mooring launch which capsized and was a total loss in March 2015 while operating at the marine terminal of Fawley Refinery in Southampton Water, England "Asterix" was a small tug, used for towing and mooring at ExxonMobil's Fawley oil refinery in Hampshire, England. She was a standard "StanTug 1205" built in 2013 by Damen Group of Gorinchem, Netherlands and one of a pair of tugs they delivered to Fawley in 2014. The tug measured 25 gross tons and was 13.08 metres in length, 5.28 metres beam and with a service draught of 1.85 metres.
Asterix (tug)
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out the process of launching satellites into space. Instead, IRIS, an advanced model of the Ghadr-110 IRBM missile, will be used. In January 2005, Iran and a Russian firm sealed a $132 million deal to build a telecommunication satellite called Zohreh ("Venus"). The launch of Zohreh is planned in the next two years. Sina-1 Sina-1 () is the first Iranian artificial satellite, launched at 6:52 UTC October 28, 2005 on board a Cosmos-3M Russian launch vehicle from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. The rocket was also carrying a Russian military Mozhayets-5 satellite, a Chinese China-DMC, a British Topsat, a European Space Agency
Sina-1
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2007, shortly after the failure of a Sea Launch rocket launch in January, Hughes Network Systems switched launch of SPACEWAY-3 from a Sea Launch Zenit 3SL rocket to an Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Spaceway-3 SPACEWAY-3 is a communications satellite which, as of August 2007, is undergoing on-orbit testing after its successful launch. The third satellite in the SPACEWAY series, it includes a K-band communications payload. After testing it will be used by Hughes Network Systems to provide broadband Internet Protocol network service. SPACEWAY-3 was launched August 14, 2007 on an Ariane 5 launch vehicle. It lifted off at 23:44 GMT
Spaceway-3
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configuration. The launch vehicle was provided by the United Launch Alliance and launch services were administered by Boeing. On 19 July 2016, the Joint Space Operations Center reported a debris causing event of at least 9 observable pieces, after which DigitalGlobe demonstrated the satellite to still be functional by releasing an image of downtown Oakland, California. WorldView-2 WorldView-2 is a commercial Earth observation satellite owned by DigitalGlobe. "WorldView-2" provides commercially available panchromatic imagery of resolution, and eight-band multispectral imagery with resolution. It was launched 8 October 2009 to become DigitalGlobe's third satellite in orbit, joining "WorldView-1" which was launched in
WorldView-2
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with a perigee of , an apogee of , 49.0 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 91.83 minutes. It decayed from orbit on 28 February 1965. Kosmos 36 was the first of seventy nine DS-P1-Yu satellites to be launched, of which all but seven were successful. The next launch of a DS-P1-Yu satellite, on 12 February 1965, failed due to a second stage malfunction. Kosmos 36 Kosmos 36 ( meaning "Cosmos 36"), also known as DS-P1-Yu #1 was a satellite which was used as a radar calibration target, for tests of anti-ballistic missiles. It was launched by the
Kosmos 36
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of the rocketry programmes. In 1979-80s, SUPARCO launched the project to develop country's first artificial satellite and began sending hundreds of engineers to University of Surrey England to participate in the development of UO-11 which was launched in 1984. In 1983, a communication satellite project called "Paksat" was initiated, with the establishment of the 10-meter diameter satellite ground station for interception of satellite transmissions was set up that was mainly designed against India. According to the scientists involved in this programme, the real aim was to launch a satellite that could stage a "cultural counter attack" on India with the
Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
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turning Taisiya Litvinenko into a man, Thomas Littleton), and inserted a scene with monsters on Mars's moon Phobos. In all, the resulting film is 13 minutes shorter than the original. The film was distributed by American International Pictures. Some space scenes from "Nebo Zovyot" also appear in Corman's 1965 film "Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet". (Most of the scenes in that film are taken from another Soviet science-fiction film, "Planeta Bur"). "Nebo Zovyot" was released two years after the launch of the first artificial satellite "Sputnik 1" and two years before the first manned flight into space by Yuri Gagarin.
Nebo Zovyot
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first ballistic missile program, adopted on March 1, 1956 and known as the first "Twelve-Year-Plan for Chinese aerospace". After the launch of mankind's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, Mao decided during the National Congress of the CPC on May 17, 1958 to make China an equal with the superpowers (“”)(We need to develop the artificial satellite too), by adopting "Project 581" with the objective of placing a satellite in orbit by 1959 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the PRC's founding. This goal would be achieved in three phases: developing sounding rockets
Chinese space program
16510132
they can attend classes in its 650 m (7000 ft) clean room. It is known as the first engineering school to have students design and launch an artificial satellite, named SARA, in 1991, as part of extracurricular work in "ESIEESPACE", a student club. During the last two years, students choose a specialization among the following subjects: ESIEE launched several masters of science programs in nano-science, MEMS, electronic engineering and system on a chip, programs to which international students and 4th and 5th-year ESIEE students may participate. In addition to the European Erasmus Programme, two main exchange programs are offered to
ESIEE Paris