the first in line to the british throne
Charles , Prince of Wales
3544754
Catholics are eligible. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the eldest child of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte and younger brother, Prince Louis. Sixth in line is Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Under the Perth Agreement, which came into effect in 2015, only the first six in line of succession require the
Succession to the British throne
2439510
his princely titles and adopted the surname of Mountbatten upon becoming a British subject prior to his wedding) was created Duke of Edinburgh by his father-in-law, George VI. Descendants in the male line of his marriage to Queen Elizabeth II belong, by decree, to the House of Windsor and use "Mountbatten-Windsor" as a surname, when one is needed. The first nineteen places in the line of succession to the British throne are held by the Duke's descendants. The heir-apparent is Charles, Prince of Wales (born 1948). House of Glücksburg The House of Glücksburg (also spelled "Glücksborg"), shortened from House of
House of Glücksburg
3544754
Catholics are eligible. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the eldest child of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte and younger brother, Prince Louis. Sixth in line is Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Under the Perth Agreement, which came into effect in 2015, only the first six in line of succession require the
Succession to the British throne
17391714
affected business and popular culture. On 3 December 2012, Clarence House announced that Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, were expecting their first child. The Duke is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II, meaning that the child would be third in the line of succession to the British throne. Speculation ensued that the birth would boost the British national economy and provide a focus for national pride. Commemorative coins were issued by the Royal Mint, Royal Canadian Mint, and Royal Australian Mint; the first time
Prince George of Cambridge
2199593
throne, the 123-year personal union of the British and Hanoverian thrones ended due to the operation of Salic Law in the German states. The Duke of Cumberland succeeded to the Hanoverian throne as Ernst August, and Prince George became the Crown Prince of Hanover. As a legitimate male-line descendant of George III, he remained a member of the British Royal Family, and second in line to the British throne, until the birth of Queen Victoria's first child, Victoria, Princess Royal, in 1840. Since he was totally blind, there were doubts as to whether the Crown Prince was qualified to succeed
George V of Hanover
9892962
of the Stanley claim to the throne of England is the only child of the 9th Earl's first marriage, "Lady Caroline Ogilvy" (née Child Villiers). By a twist of fate her husband's family are themselves highly ranked in the (accepted) line of succession to the British throne, with Lady Caroline's nephew James Ogilvy being fortieth in line. There is doubt of the legitimacy of Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp. Certainly James I regarded the Seymour line as legitimate, and based his own succession on his right by primogeniture, ignoring the Will of Henry VIII. However, the Seymours were placed ahead of
Alternative successions of the English and British crown
8619740
William, Prince of Orange William, Prince of Orange (Willem Nicolaas Alexander Frederik Karel Hendrik; 4 September 1840 – 11 June 1879), was heir apparent to the Dutch throne as the eldest son of King William III from 17 March 1849 until his death. Prince William was the eldest son of King William III of the Netherlands and his first wife, Princess Sophie of Württemberg. His nickname was "Wiwill". At his birth, he held the third position in the line of succession to the Dutch throne and the seventeenth position in the line of succession to the British throne. A month
William, Prince of Orange
2526921
Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones (born 14 May 2002) is the only daughter and youngest child of the Earl and Countess of Snowdon. She is the only granddaughter of Princess Margaret and the first of three granddaughters of the 1st Earl of Snowdon. She is currently 22nd in the line of succession to the British throne, after her father and brother. Lady Margarita was born on 14 May 2002 at The Portland Hospital for Women and Children in London, and is 22nd in the line of succession to the British throne . She was christened Margarita Elizabeth Rose Alleyne,
Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones
7769307
Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia (born 1958) Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia (born 15 March 1958), also known as Nikola Karađorđević (), is a member of the House of Karadordevic. Currently fifth in the line of succession to the defunct Yugoslavian throne, he is also in the line of succession to the British throne as a great-grandson of Princess Marie of Edinburgh, herself a granddaughter of Victoria of the United Kingdom. Prince Nikola was born in London to Prince Tomislav of Yugoslavia, the second son of Alexander I, the first king of Yugoslavia, and his first wife, Princess Margarita of Baden. His
Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia (born 1958)
3544794
the undoubted king. Succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, sex (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in "communion with the Church of England". Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded
Succession to the British throne
3544753
Succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, sex (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in "communion with the Church of England". Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman
Succession to the British throne
3471136
Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen Princess Ragnhild, Mrs Lorentzen (Ragnhild Alexandra; 9 June 1930 – 16 September 2012), was the eldest child of King Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden. She was the older sister of King Harald V and Princess Astrid. She was the first royal to be born in Norway since the middle ages. Although she was the King's eldest child, she was never in the line of succession to the Norwegian throne, owing to Norway's law of agnatic succession. She was, however, in the line of succession to the British throne for her entire life,
Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen
9892967
queen and the throne would have been inherited by her eldest child, and so on. Friederike is not considered a pretender to the British throne, as this alternative line of succession is completely hypothetical. Next in line would be her eldest child, Felicitas Catharini Malina Johanna von Reiche. Alternative successions of the English and British crown British history provides several opportunities for alternative claimants to the Crown to arise, and historical scholars have on occasion traced to present times the heirs of those alternative claims. Throughout this article, the names of "would-have-been" monarchs are in "italics". Richard II abdicated in
Alternative successions of the English and British crown
1442956
the Duke of Wellington, Conservative Leader in the Lords). Alfred studied violin at Holyrood, Edinburgh, where his accompanist was Hungarian expatriate George Lichtenstein. Alfred remained second in line to the British throne from his birth until 8 January 1864, when his older brother Edward and his wife Alexandra of Denmark had their first son, Prince Albert Victor. Any legitimate children of his older brother took priority in the succession list. Alfred became third in line to the throne and as Edward and Alexandra continued to have children, Alfred was further demoted in the order of succession. In 1856, at the
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2370684
management fields. He is currently fourteenth in line of succession to the British throne. Peter Phillips was born at 10:46 am on 15 November 1977, at Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London. He was the first child of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips, who had married in 1973. At the time of his birth, there was a 41-gun salute from the Tower of London. He was baptised Peter Mark Andrew Phillips on 22 December 1977, by the then Archbishop of Canterbury Donald Coggan in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace. Phillips was fifth in line to the throne
Peter Phillips
6513546
Palace in Belgrade. As a 4th-great-grandson of Queen Victoria, Alexander is in the line of succession to the British throne. Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (born 1982) Prince Alexander of Serbia and Yugoslavia, also known as Alexander III Karađorđević ( / "Aleksandar III Karađorđević"; born 15 January 1982), is a member of the House of Karađorđević. He is the son of the last crown prince of Yugoslavia, Alexander, and his first wife, Princess Maria da Gloria. He is the fraternal twin of Prince Philip of Yugoslavia. He is the third in the line to the former throne, after his elder brothers.
Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia (born 1982)
17043633
Prince Christian of Hanover (born 1985) Prince Christian of Hanover (Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz; born 1 June 1985) is a German noble, the younger son of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, and his first wife, Chantal Hochuli. He is second in the line of succession to the former Hanoverian throne, after his elder brother, Prince Ernst August. As a descendant of Queen Victoria, through her daughter, the Empress Frederick, Christian is also in the line of succession to the British throne. Hanover was born Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm Ernst Friedrich
Prince Christian of Hanover (born 1985)
3544785
succession to the Crown" under the 2013 act. The constitutional crisis arising from Edward VIII's decision to marry a divorcee in 1936 led to His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936, which provided that Edward VIII and his descendants would have no claim to the throne. The Act is no longer applicable, because Edward died in 1972 without issue. Under the 2013 Succession to the Crown Act, the first six persons in line to the throne must obtain the sovereign's approval before marrying. Marriage without the Sovereign's consent disqualifies the person and the person's descendants from the marriage from succeeding
Succession to the British throne
19308657
day sit on the throne of Bhopal was anathema to the nobility of Bhopal, as also to the British, and therefore they had taken the precaution of naming the Begum's only child by her first marriage, her daughter Kaikhushrau, as the heir apparent. In other words, the Begum's second marriage had been rendered effectively morganatic. It happened that the Begums's second marriage did not produce a living child, and so the inherent infirmity of the arrangement was never tested. Following the death of Nawab Shah Jehan Begum in 1901, her only surviving child, her daughter Kaikhusrau Jahan ascended the throne
Line of succession to the former throne of Bhopal
5329382
rather than the ("singular") heir and successor, or even, heir and/or successor. This ("plural") anomaly indicates that any oath given to the Queen is equally given to all of her heirs, i.e., her/their children, and her/their grandchildren, and equally to all successors to the British throne, currently listed in the line of succession to the British throne, in the event that any one of them should accede to the throne. This oath to the Queen, her heirs, and successors is now administered in citizen ceremonies to immigrants becoming naturalized British subjects. Members of the judiciary (Justices of the Peace, District
Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom)
18722373
realistic chance of succeeding to the Crown. For example, the male-line descendants of Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, the fifth son of King George III, lost their crown in 1866 and their British titles in 1919, but are male-line descendants of George II. As such, they continued to be required to seek permission for their marriages from the British monarch, so that their marriages would be legal in the United Kingdom, where the family had a large amount of property. Since the Succession to the Crown Act came into force, only the first six persons in line to the throne
Succession to the Crown Act 2015
20683462
succession to the British throne, behind his grandfather, father and older siblings, Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Following the implementation of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, he is the first British prince to be ranked behind an elder sister in the line of succession. Prince Louis of Cambridge Prince Louis of Cambridge (Louis Arthur Charles; ; born 23 April 2018) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third and youngest child and second son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He is fifth in the line
Prince Louis of Cambridge
16213016
to the French succession. On the day of Henry IV's death, 20 March 1413, the line of succession to the English throne following agnatic primogeniture was: Upon his death, the throne passed smoothly to the first person in line, who became Henry V. On the day of Henry V's death, 31 August 1422, the line of succession following agnatic primogeniture was: Upon his death, the throne passed smoothly to the first person in line, who became Henry VI. On the day of Henry VI's first deposition, 4 March 1461, the line of succession following agnatic primogeniture was; However, during the
History of the English line of succession
20564506
Lady Rose Gilman Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (née Windsor; born 1 March 1980) is the younger daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, and is 33rd in the line of succession to the British Throne . Lady Rose was born at St Mary's Hospital, London, and at birth was 12th in line of succession to the British Throne. She was baptised on 13 July 1980 at St Andrew's Church, Barnwell, Northamptonshire. Her godparents included The Prince Edward and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones. She attended St George's School, Ascot and grew up at her parents' apartment in Kensington Palace.
Lady Rose Gilman
5549039
first cousin of Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice, the son and heir of the pretender to the throne of Italy, and also first cousin of the actress Catherine Oxenberg. Through Prince Dimitri's parents he is related to every royal family in Europe, making him over 1000th in the line of succession to the British throne. Prince Dimitri of Yugoslavia Prince Dimitrije "Dimitri" Karađorđević (born 18 June 1958 in Boulogne-Billancourt, France), also known as Dimitri Karageorgevich or Dimitri Karađorđević, is founder, president and creative director of the jewelry firm bearing his name, "Prince Dimitri Company". He was formerly senior vice president
Prince Dimitri of Yugoslavia
6611310
to the throne. Joseph Wenzel is third in line and heir-apparent of his mother to the Jacobite succession to the British crown. Joseph Wenzel's grand-uncle Franz, Duke of Bavaria, is the current Jacobite heir-general, although he has made no claim to the British throne, nor have any of his ancestors in the Jacobite line of succession since 1807. Prince Franz is elderly and has no children. Accordingly, on his death the position of Stuart heir is almost certain to fall to his younger brother Prince Max, if he is still alive, and after that to Max's eldest daughter Sophie, Joseph
Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein
4761668
Anne, daughter of James II of Great Britain, Anne is referred to as ""The Princess Anne"". Practice in Britain began to change in the 18th century. After the accession of King George I to the British throne, the children, grandchildren, and male line great grandchildren of the British Sovereign were automatically titled "Prince or Princess of Great Britain and Ireland" and styled "Royal Highness" (in the case of children and grandchildren) or "Highness" (in the case of male line great grandchildren). Queen Victoria confirmed this practice in Letters Patent dated 30 January 1864 (the first Act of the Prerogative dealing
Princess
16213015
the crown in 1376. On his death, on 21 June 1377, the line of succession to the English throne was: The throne passed smoothly to the first person in line, who became Richard II. On the day of Richard II's abdication, 29 September 1399, the line of succession to the English throne was as follows (following primogeniture, according to Richard II's entail in 1399): However, upon Richard's abdication the throne was taken by Henry Bolingbroke as Henry IV. Henry had justified his usurpation by emphasizing his descent in the male line. Thus, the Lancastrian line of succession is agnatic, similar
History of the English line of succession
8346073
Prince Boris of Leiningen Prince Karl "Boris" Frank Markwart of Leiningen (born 17 April 1960) is the elder son of Prince Karl of Leiningen and of his wife, Princess Marie Louise of Bulgaria. As a third great-grandson of Queen Victoria, he is in the line of succession to the British throne. Boris was born in Toronto, Ontario. He is the grandson of King Boris III of Bulgaria and the great-grandson of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. As a descendant of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, great-great-great grandson, he is in the line of succession to the British Throne.
Prince Boris of Leiningen
12825039
Line of succession to the Japanese throne The current line of succession to the Chrysanthemum Throne is based on the Imperial Household Law. At present, only males are allowed to ascend to the throne. The list below contains all princes currently eligible to succeed to the throne. The Imperial House Law of 1889 was the first Japanese law to regulate the imperial succession. Until October 1947, when it was abolished and replaced with the Imperial Household Law, it defined the succession to the throne under the principle of agnatic primogeniture. In all instances, the succession proceeded from the eldest male
Line of succession to the Japanese throne
20540122
Gustaf is currently the 283rd in line to the British throne through being descended of Sophia of Hanover. Elizabeth II on the other hand isn't entitled to the Swedish throne as she is not a Lutheran which is required under Swedish law. Other noted British members of the Swedish royal family are Christopher O’Neill who holds a British passport, who is married to the king's daughter Princess Madeleine. Their children Princess Leonore and Prince Nicolas, are entitled to British nationality on descent of their father. Notable previous British members of the Swedish royal family include Welsh-born Princess Lilian, who was
Sweden–United Kingdom relations
16213024
first, on 28 December 1694, William III became sole remaining monarch. On the day of Mary's death, the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was: On the day of William III's death, 8 March 1702, the line of succession to the English throne was determined by the Act of Settlement 1701: The line of succession to the Scottish throne was governed by the Claim of Right Act 1689: Upon his death, the throne passed to the first person in line, who became Queen Anne. The succession continued with the monarchs of Great Britain. History of the English
History of the English line of succession
571781
a result, in his lifetime he was often nicknamed "Old Rowley", the name of his favourite racehorse, notable as a stallion. His subjects resented paying taxes that were spent on his mistresses and their children, many of whom received dukedoms or earldoms. The present Dukes of Buccleuch, Richmond, Grafton and St Albans descend from Charles in unbroken male line. Diana, Princess of Wales, was descended from two of Charles's illegitimate sons: the Dukes of Grafton and Richmond. Diana's son, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, second in line to the British throne, is likely to be the first British monarch descended
Charles II of England
14988606
from Isma'il Pasha, and thus first in the line of succession to the Egyptian throne by virtue of the 1866 rules of succession. However, those rules were suspended by the British upon their proclamation of a protectorate over Egypt in 1914. Abbas Hilmi II was deposed, and his son Muhammad Abdel Moneim lost his place as heir apparent. The throne passed to Abbas Hilmi II's uncles Hussein Kamel and Fuad I. The Royal Edict of 13 April 1922 specifically excluded Abbas Hilmi II from the succession, although it stated that "this exception shall not apply to his sons and their
Prince Abbas Hilmi
185727
Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also: House of Hanover). Its Electors later become monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of these was George I Louis, who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who reigned in Hanover was William IV. Semi-Salic law, which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House
Hanover
1971633
Prince Michael of Kent Prince Michael of Kent, (Michael George Charles Franklin; born 4 July 1942) is a member of the British royal family. He is a paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, being a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary. He is currently 47th in the line of succession to the British throne, but at the time of his birth was seventh in the line of succession. Prince Michael occasionally represents the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom. Otherwise, he manages his own consultancy business and undertakes various commercial work around
Prince Michael of Kent
5035003
The Breakfast Band Solo Mandyleigh Storm James Lascelles James Edward Lascelles (born 5 October 1953), styled The Hon. James Lascelles, is a British musician and the second son of the 7th Earl of Harewood and his first wife Marion Lascelles, Countess of Harewood, the former Marion Stein (subsequently Mrs. Jeremy Thorpe). His father was a first cousin to Queen Elizabeth II, making Lascelles a first cousin, once removed, of Queen Elizabeth II and in line of succession to the British throne. When young, Lascelles had classical piano and drum lessons, and claims that "John Tavener 'taught' him to improvise" by
James Lascelles
5034998
James Lascelles James Edward Lascelles (born 5 October 1953), styled The Hon. James Lascelles, is a British musician and the second son of the 7th Earl of Harewood and his first wife Marion Lascelles, Countess of Harewood, the former Marion Stein (subsequently Mrs. Jeremy Thorpe). His father was a first cousin to Queen Elizabeth II, making Lascelles a first cousin, once removed, of Queen Elizabeth II and in line of succession to the British throne. When young, Lascelles had classical piano and drum lessons, and claims that "John Tavener 'taught' him to improvise" by performing duets on a church organ.
James Lascelles
17108798
in all 16 countries to end the primacy of males over females and the disqualification of persons married to Catholic spouses in the succession to the Crown. In a letter to the other realms' heads of government, prior to the Perth Agreement, British Prime Minister David Cameron additionally proposed to limit the requirement to obtain the monarch's permission to marry to the first six people in line to the throne. Monarchy New Zealand welcomed the Bill, stating "The much-needed changes to the royal succession will remove gender discrimination by allowing women equal right to the throne." The Republican Movement of
Royal Succession Act 2013
17076464
now at all." On 28 October 2011, at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting held in Perth, Western Australia, the heads of government of the 16 Commonwealth realms announced that they would introduce legislation to end the primacy of males over females and the disqualification of persons married to Catholic spouses in the succession to the Crown. In a letter to the other realms' heads of government, prior to the Perth Agreement, British Prime Minister David Cameron additionally proposed to limit the requirement to obtain the monarch's permission to marry to the first six people in line to the throne.
Succession to the Throne Act, 2013
10706959
a place in line to the British throne. He was born at Sorgenfri Palace, Sorgenfri, as His Highness Prince Ingolf of Denmark. He was the elder son of Hereditary Prince Knud, by his wife and first cousin, Hereditary Princess Caroline-Mathilde. From the death of his grandfather in 1947, Ingolf stood only behind his father in the order of hereditary succession to the throne and was expected to become king in his turn. His father Prince Knud was then the heir presumptive, due to succeed Ingolf's uncle King Frederick IX, who had three daughters but no sons. In 1953, the Constitution
Count Ingolf of Rosenborg
4227232
served as governess to twelve-year-old Princess Feodora of Leiningen, the daughter of the princess by her first marriage. Princess Victoria was then married to the Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, who was, at the time, fourth in line for the British throne. Lehzen and the entire household were moved to England in 1817 so that the new Duchess of Kent's child might be born there, strengthening the child's claim to the throne. The baby was a girl, christened "Alexandrina Victoria" after her mother and her godfather, Alexander I of Russia; she would grow up to be Queen
Louise Lehzen
18140056
role outside of standup comedy was "Almost Royal", a faux-reality show on BBC America, in which Hoggart portrays a low-ranking heir to the British throne, Poppy Carlton, 51st in line to the British throne, and her brother, Georgie (Ed Gamble), as they tour the United States speaking to unsuspecting members of the public, in a style similar to the character Borat. When cast, Hoggart, whose background includes living in places such as Washington, D.C. and London, was expected to be able to affect the manner of British royalty, saying, "They asked if I could do an aristocratic accent." "Almost Royal"
Amy Hoggart
20564509
in 2015, the siblings were affected by the change in law, which reversed Lyla's place in the order of succession with that of her younger brother. Lyla and Rufus became 31st and 32nd in line (now 34th and 35th), respectively. The same happened to their first cousins, Senna and Tāne Lewis, who became 28th and 29th in line (now 31st and 32nd). Lady Rose Gilman Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (née Windsor; born 1 March 1980) is the younger daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, and is 33rd in the line of succession to the British Throne
Lady Rose Gilman
12144293
any of them succeed to the British throne, they will be the first descendants of Charles II of England to accede to the throne. The following list details the line of descent from Charles II of England to Princes William and Harry. Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, through Lady Charlotte Fitzroy Andrew Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford, through Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond John Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe, through Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton Isabella Calthorpe, daughter of John Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe Sarah, Duchess of York, through Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond and James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth Ralph Percy,
Descendants of Charles II of England
3018159
Sophie Lascelles Sophie Amber Pearce (néé Lascelles, born 1 October 1973) is an English photographer, and a relative of the current British Royal Family. Lascelles was born in Thorpeness, the daughter of James Lascelles and his first wife, Frederica Ann Duhrssen. Her paternal grandfather is George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood (the eldest paternal first cousin of the Queen). Lascelles is in the line of succession to the British throne because she's a great-great-granddaughter of King George V. She is a first cousin, twice removed to Queen Elizabeth II through her grandfather, George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood. From 1997
Sophie Lascelles
19236916
last officially recognised Nizam of Hyderabad. In 1971, the Indian government officially derecognised the dynasty, revoking its official status. Currently, the primary line of descent is from the last ruling Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur, though there obviously are numerous descendants in the male line from earlier Nizams. Only the first 50 individuals in the presumed line of succession (including sons and grandsons) are listed below: Line of succession to the former throne of Hyderabad The line of succession to the former throne of Hyderabad was by male primogeniture, regardless of legitimacy. As per Mughal Turkic custom, however, the
Line of succession to the former throne of Hyderabad
2891396
Lord Frederick Windsor Lord Frederick Windsor (born 6 April 1979), also nicknamed Freddie Windsor, is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. He is currently 48th in line to the succession of the British throne. He is President of the charity Soldier On!, which invites socially isolated people to participate in archaeology and heritage projects as well as career development workshops. Windsor was born on 6 April 1979 at St Mary's Hospital, London. He is a first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II and a first cousin twice removed of Prince
Lord Frederick Windsor
3544770
of his military leadership against James. The English Bill of Rights passed in 1689 determined succession to the English, Scottish and Irish Thrones. First in the line were the descendants of Mary II. Next came Mary's sister Princess Anne and her descendants. Finally, the descendants of William by any future marriage were added to the line of succession. Only Protestants were allowed to succeed to the Thrones, and those who married Roman Catholics were excluded. After Mary II died in 1694, her husband continued to reign alone until his own death in 1702. The line of succession provided for by
Succession to the British throne
8751506
family could also become heirs: Line of succession to the former Albanian throne The line of succession to the former Albanian throne is an ordered list of those eligible to succeed to the headship of the Royal House of Albania, grand mastership of the dynastic orders and ascend the throne of Albania in the event the monarchy is restored. The native monarchy of Albania was deposed in 1939. The current head of the royal house is Leka (II), Prince of the Albanians. The first modern Albanian monarchy, the Principality of Albania was established on 21 February 1914. The German prince
Line of succession to the former Albanian throne
8751502
Line of succession to the former Albanian throne The line of succession to the former Albanian throne is an ordered list of those eligible to succeed to the headship of the Royal House of Albania, grand mastership of the dynastic orders and ascend the throne of Albania in the event the monarchy is restored. The native monarchy of Albania was deposed in 1939. The current head of the royal house is Leka (II), Prince of the Albanians. The first modern Albanian monarchy, the Principality of Albania was established on 21 February 1914. The German prince William of Wied was selected
Line of succession to the former Albanian throne
10048497
Line of succession to the French throne (Bonapartist) The line of succession to the throne of the French Empire was vested in the descendants and relations of Napoleon Bonaparte until the abolition of the French Empire in 1870. The French Empire (or the Napoleonic Empire) formally existed during two periods when the head of the French state was a monarch who held the title of Emperor of the French. The First French Empire was the regime established by Napoleon I in France. This empire lasted from 1804 to 1814, from the Consulate of the First French Republic to the Bourbon
Line of succession to the French throne (Bonapartist)
1542327
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, (Richard Alexander Walter George; born 26 August 1944) is the youngest grandchild of King George V and Queen Mary. He practised as an architect until the death of his elder brother placed him in direct line to inherit his father's dukedom of Gloucester, which he inherited, as the second duke, in 1974. He is a paternal cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, and currently 26th in the line of succession to the British throne as well as the first in line not descended from King George VI. He is also the
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
3471142
A 540 000 km² area in Antarctica is named Princess Ragnhild Coast in her honour. The Jahre Line (later Color Line) cruiseferry was named in her honour. She was a great-great granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and thus a second cousin to Queen Elizabeth II. At the time of her birth she was 18th in the line of succession to the British throne, and 77th at the time of her death. Princess Ragnhild's maternal aunt was Queen Astrid of Belgium, which also made Princess Ragnhild a first cousin of kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium. Princess
Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen
3544757
complete version of the line of succession is currently maintained. The exact number, in remoter collateral lines, of the people who would be eligible is uncertain. In 2001, American genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner compiled a list of 4,973 living descendants of the Electress Sophia in order of succession, but did so disregarding Roman Catholic status. When updated in January 2011, the number was 5,753. The annotated list below covers the first part of this line of succession, being limited to descendants of the sons of George V (the present Queen's grandfather). The order of the first seventeen numbered in the
Succession to the British throne
1642236
English royal family and was the mother of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York. Even though Richard was a descendant in the male line of Edward III, the House of York based its claim to the English throne on descent through the female line from Lionel to establish a lasting blood line. (Edward's first-born son, the Black Prince, had no legitimate descendants past his two sons Edward of Angoulême and King Richard II.) Lionel was the ancestor of Kings Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III and all later British monarchs except for Henry VII, whose wife Elizabeth of York was
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
11750658
British Crown under which all the dominions were secondary. The Monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called "British" since this time (in both legal and common language) for reasons historical, legal, and of convenience. The "Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act, 1927" was the first indication of this shift in law, further elaborated in the "Statute of Westminster, 1931". Under the "Statute of Westminster", the Bahamas have a common monarchy with Britain and the other Commonwealth realms, and though laws governing the line of succession to the Bahamian throne lie within the control
Monarchy of the Bahamas
754657
of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. In the British Army, Harald V was the final Colonel-in-Chief of the Green Howards. He is also an honorary Colonel in the British Royal Marines. He is patron of the Anglo-Norse Society in London, together with Queen Elizabeth II, his second cousin. Harald is the first foreign monarch in the line of succession to the British throne, because of his descent from King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. He is a Stranger Knight of the Garter, an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal
Harald V of Norway
6815755
enumerated as follows: Line of succession to the former Bulgarian throne The Bulgarian monarchy was abolished in 1946. The last monarch to reign was Tsar Simeon II, who remains head of the former Bulgarian Royal Family. The law of succession for the dynasty was constitutionally established as Salic primogeniture: only Orthodox males born of approved marriages and descended in the male-line from the first tsar (king) of the Saxe-Coburg line, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, by seniority of birth with provision for substitution were eligible to occupy Bulgaria's throne. After Simeon II's deposition those who meet the criteria of that order
Line of succession to the former Bulgarian throne
6815754
Line of succession to the former Bulgarian throne The Bulgarian monarchy was abolished in 1946. The last monarch to reign was Tsar Simeon II, who remains head of the former Bulgarian Royal Family. The law of succession for the dynasty was constitutionally established as Salic primogeniture: only Orthodox males born of approved marriages and descended in the male-line from the first tsar (king) of the Saxe-Coburg line, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, by seniority of birth with provision for substitution were eligible to occupy Bulgaria's throne. After Simeon II's deposition those who meet the criteria of that order of succession are
Line of succession to the former Bulgarian throne
2924368
British citizenship from their father if their parents were unmarried at the time of the child's birth; illegitimate children born prior to this date cannot receive British citizenship through their father. Legitimacy also continues to be relevant to hereditary titles, with only legitimate children being admitted to the line of succession. Some monarchs, however, have succeeded to the throne despite the controversial status of their legitimacy. For example, Elizabeth I of England succeeded to the throne though she was legally held illegitimate as a result of her parents' marriage having been annulled after her birth. Annulment of marriage does not
Legitimacy (family law)
960596
and himself as crown prince. Haakon has one sibling, Princess Märtha Louise (born 1971). In 1990, the Norwegian constitution was altered, granting absolute primogeniture to the Norwegian throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in the line of succession. This was not, however, done retroactively (as, for example, Sweden had done in 1980), meaning that Haakon continues to take precedence over his older sister. He is also in the line of succession to the British throne, as a great-great-grandson of Edward VII of the United Kingdom. Haakon has served in the Royal Norwegian Navy, where he
Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway
19308663
Akbar Shah II to the Mughal throne in 1804, where the succession had been justified by citing the same Islamic rules of succession which the Nawab Begum was now invoking. Thus, the British authorities agreed that Hamidullah Khan would succeed his mother, if he survived her. This decision by the India Office did not, however, mean that the succession was secured to the progeny of Hamidullah Khan alone. On 7 May 1926, the Viceroy of India informed the Nawab Begum that if Hamidullah Khan predeceased her, the succession would pass to the line of her senior surviving grandson in preference
Line of succession to the former throne of Bhopal
1686138
least one daughter, then the eldest daughter would replace her father as heir apparent to whatever throne or title is concerned, but only when it has become clear that the widow of the deceased is not pregnant. Then, as the representative of her father's line she would assume a place ahead of any more distant relatives. Such a situation has not to date occurred with the English or British throne; several times an heir apparent has died, but each example has either been childless or left a son or sons. However, there have been several female heirs apparent to British
Heir apparent
19232468
Egyptian monarchy in 1953, following the 1952 Egyptian Revolution. In 1914, however, the British government deposed Khedive Abbas II, the senior descendant of Isma'il, and proclaimed a protectorate over Egypt. His son Muhammad Abdel Moneim lost his place as heir apparent, and the throne passed to the lines of Abbas II's uncles Hussein Kamel and Fuad I. A Royal Edict of 13 April 1922 specifically excluded Abbas II from the succession, though it stated that "this exception shall not apply to his sons and their progeny." As a result, the descendants in the male line from Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim
Line of succession to the former Egyptian throne
10080332
Ogbidi Okojie Ogbidi Okojie, Onojie (king) of Uromi (1857 – February 3, 1944), was a ruler of the Esan people in what is now Edo State in Nigeria, still remembered for his opposition to British rule. According to Uromi lore, he was born in the seventh month of gestation, coming 14th in the line of succession to the Uromi throne. As an African monarch, he believed in his divine right to wield absolute power. Those beliefs motivated his opposition to British Rule, which led to his first exile to Calabar in 1900. In Nigeria, at the end of the nineteenth
Ogbidi Okojie
16780053
Lorentzen family Lorentzen or Bie-Lorentzen is a Norwegian family of Danish origin. Several members have been noted as shipping magnates and industrialists. Among its members are shipowner Erik Finn Lorentzen and industrialist Erling Lorentzen, who was married to Princess Ragnhild of Norway (known as Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen after her marriage), the eldest daughter of King Olav V of Norway. Several members of the family are in the line of succession to the British throne and were among the first thirty people in the succession line in the years following Princess Ragnhild's marriage to Erling Lorentzen in 1953; as of
Lorentzen family
14438720
Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg (née Duchess Eilika Helene Jutta Clementine of Oldenburg) (born 22 August 1972) is the wife of Georg von Habsburg, the third in the line of succession to the former Austro-Hungarian throne. She was in line of succession to the British throne before her marriage to a Roman Catholic. She is a daughter of Duke Johann of Oldenburg and his wife Countess Ilka of Ortenburg. Her father is a younger son of Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont. On 18 October 1997, Eilika married
Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg
16599785
in line for the British throne were he not a Catholic and barred by the Act of Settlement. Karl-Konstantin von Habsburg Karl-Konstantin von Habsburg (Given names: Karl-Konstantin Michael Stephan Maria; born on 20 July 2004 in Budapest) referred to in Austria as Karl-Konstantin Habsburg-Lothringen, in Hungary as Habsburg Károly Konstantin, and also as Archduke Karl-Konstantin of Austria, is the only son of Georg von Habsburg and Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg. , he is considered third in line of succession to the former Austro-Hungarian throne. He is the great-grandson of Emperor Charles I of Austria through his grandfather Otto von Habsburg.
Karl-Konstantin von Habsburg
1968589
Roman Catholic ceremony on 29 June 1983 at Archbishop's House, London. Since the Act of Settlement 1701 prohibited anyone who married a Roman Catholic from succeeding to the throne, Prince Michael of Kent (at that time, 15th in the line of succession) forfeited his succession rights upon marrying Marie Christine. Prince Michael was reinstated to the line of succession to the British throne on 26 March 2015 with the successful passing of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013. Their children are members of the Church of England and have retained their rights of succession since birth. Prince and Princess
Princess Michael of Kent
4235386
Princess Caroline's four children who bears any royal style or title. While she is formally styled as "Her Royal Highness" Princess Alexandra of Hanover in Monaco, she is afforded the style and title out of courtesy elsewhere. As the Kingdom of Hanover no longer exists, the title is not legally recognized in Germany. She is 12th in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne. Through her father, she was in the line of succession to the British throne until she was confirmed into the Catholic Church. Alexandra began skating when she was ten years old after receiving ice skates
Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1999)
3544775
made provision for a change in the line of succession had a child been born to William IV after his death, but this event did not come about. In 1936 Edward VIII abdicated 11 months after he succeeded to the throne immediately on his father's death. Edward was proclaimed King in January 1936, and opened (for the only time) Parliament in November 1936. Edward VIII had desired to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorcee, but the Church of England, of which the British Sovereign is Supreme Governor, would not authorize the marriage of divorcees. Consequently, Parliament passed His Majesty's Declaration of
Succession to the British throne
7769311
Battenberg (1885-1969) - Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (1906–1969) - Princess Margarita of Baden (1932-2013) - Prince Nikola (1958-) - Marija (1993-) - Enzio? (2012-) Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia (born 1958) Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia (born 15 March 1958), also known as Nikola Karađorđević (), is a member of the House of Karadordevic. Currently fifth in the line of succession to the defunct Yugoslavian throne, he is also in the line of succession to the British throne as a great-grandson of Princess Marie of Edinburgh, herself a granddaughter of Victoria of the United Kingdom. Prince Nikola was born in
Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia (born 1958)
2526938
Whale Rider" which became a film of the same name. Gary Lewis is also the first person of known Māori descent to join the extended Royal Family, or to marry the daughter of a British prince. As she is a legitimate descendant in the male line of King George II and therefore a potential heir to the British throne, the Royal Marriages Act 1772 required that Royal Assent to the wedding be obtained in advance for the marriage to be legal and the descendants thereof to inherit rights of succession to the thrones of the Commonwealth realms, including that of
Lady Davina Lewis
16213018
reinstalled Edward IV as king after less than a year. On the day of Edward IV's death, 9 April 1483, the line of succession following agnatic primogeniture was: Upon his death, the throne passed smoothly to the first person in line, who became Edward V. On the day of Edward V's deposition, 25 June 1483, the line of succession following agnatic primogeniture was: The throne was usurped by Edward V's uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who claimed that Edward V (and all his siblings) were illegitimate and therefore could not ascend the throne. Gloucester, as the following heir through agnatic
History of the English line of succession
8110022
of Russia) and Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh (granddaughter of Alexander II of Russia). Because of this, he is in the line of succession to the former Russian throne. His great-great-great grandfather, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Emich, 3rd Prince of Leiningen, was the elder half-brother of Queen Victoria. Through his father, he is also a direct descendant (specifically a great-great-great-grandson) of Queen Victoria, through her granddaughter, Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh, whose second husband was Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich. Because of this, he is in the line of succession to the British Throne. He married Princess Alexandra of Hanover on 5
Andreas, Prince of Leiningen
2612381
Sicily, which all ended in failure, despite once managing to secure a foothold in Sicily. It was not until Austria defeated Murat in the Neapolitan War in 1815, that King Ferdinand was finally restored to the Neapolitan throne. Maida Hill and Maida Vale in London are both named after this battle. The Royal Navy named the recently captured "Jupiter" HMS "Maida". It is traditionally thought that in the Battle of Maida the British deployed in a line while the French attacked in columns, allowing the British to fire full strength volleys into the French columns, while only the first two
Battle of Maida
611684
Frederick, Prince of Wales Frederick, Prince of Wales, KG (Frederick Lewis; 1 February 1707 – 31 March 1751), was heir apparent to the British throne from 1727 until his death from a lung injury at the age of 44 in 1751. He was the eldest but estranged son of King George II and Caroline of Ansbach, and the father of King George III. Under the Act of Settlement passed by the English Parliament in 1701, Frederick was fourth in the line of succession to the British throne at birth, after his great-grandmother, paternal grandfather and father. He moved to Great
Frederick, Prince of Wales
11186027
Dominions were secondary. The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called "British" since this time (in both legal and common language) for reasons historical, political, and of convenience. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 was the first indication of this shift in law, further elaborated in the Statute of Westminster 1931. Though constitutional laws governing the line of succession to the Belizean throne lie within the control of the Belizean parliament, via adopting the Statute of Westminster, Belize agreed not to change its rules of succession without the unanimous consent of
Monarchy of Belize
16213023
1685, the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was: On his death, the throne passed to the first in line, who became James II. On the day that James II fled the country, 11 December 1688, the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was: Parliament offered the throne jointly to James II's elder daughter, who became Mary II, and her husband and first cousin, William III. The Bill of Rights 1689 established that, whichever of the joint monarchs, William III and Mary II, died first, the other would reign alone. As Mary II died
History of the English line of succession
604541
This marriage was important, as King Henry VII was descended from it, but Parliament still declared that he was king, so some issues remained unresolved. As in nearly all European monarchies extant in the 21st century, most approved marriages in the British Royal Family are with untitled commoners and have been for several generations. In 1923 the future George VI (then second in line to the throne as Duke of York), was the first future English monarch to marry a non-princess or prince since 1659 when the future James II eloped with Anne Hyde. Wives of British peers are entitled
Morganatic marriage
3544776
Abdication Act 1936, by which Edward VIII ceased to be Sovereign "immediately upon" his royal assent as King being signified in Parliament on 11 December. The Act provided that he and his descendants, if any, were not to have any "right, title or interest in or to the succession to the Throne". Edward died childless in 1972. Edward's abdication was "a demise of the Crown" (in the words of the Act), and the Duke of York, his brother who was then next in the line, immediately succeeded to the throne and to its "rights, privileges, and dignities", taking the regnal
Succession to the British throne
11705409
Emily Shard Lady Emily Tsering Shard (née Lascelles, born 23 November 1975) is the eldest child and only daughter of the 8th Earl of Harewood, a British film producer who is the eldest son of the 7th Earl of Harewood (himself a first cousin of the Queen). Emily and her brother, Benjamin, were born out of wedlock and therefore have no claims to the Harewood titles, nor places in the line of succession to the British throne. Their two younger brothers are legitimate. Though they were born illegitimate, Emily and Benjamin were later legitimised by the Privy Council and given
Emily Shard
3442549
years of George III's reign and the reigns of kings George IV and William IV from 1816 to 1837, was Adolph Frederick, George III's youngest surviving son. When Queen Victoria succeeded to the British throne in 1837, the 123-year personal union of Great Britain and Hanover ended. Salic law operated in Hanover, excluding accession to the throne by a female while any male of the dynasty survived; thus instead of Victoria, her uncle in the male-line of the House of Hanover, Ernest Augustus, now the eldest surviving son of George III, succeeded to the throne of the new kingdom as
Kingdom of Hanover
19379016
Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor ("Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor"; born 24 August 1995) is an English fashion model and member of the British royal family. She is currently 38th in the line of succession to the British throne. Lady Amelia Windsor was born on 24 August 1995 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge and was christened in December 1995 at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She is the youngest child of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, and Sylvana Tomaselli. Her paternal grandfather, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, is a first cousin of Elizabeth II. Her paternal great
Lady Amelia Windsor
16966248
of succession. The Act also prevented a "papist" (Roman Catholic) from inheriting the English throne and removed those who had married Roman Catholics from the line of succession. The treaties that created the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 specifically applied these provisions to the new British throne. Article II of the Acts of Union 1707 stated that the "Succession of the Monarchy" is settled by the Act of Settlement 1701, and the ban of "Papists" from inheriting the throne was to continue according to that Act. Article 2
Succession to the Crown Act 2013
17076463
bill seeking to change British royal succession from agnatic to absolute, Prime Minister Stephen Harper was criticised for his ambivalence toward amendment of the line of succession in Canada, being contrasted with Prime Minister of New Zealand John Key and Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Nick Clegg. Harper stated: "The successor to the throne is a man. The next successor to the throne is a man... I don't think Canadians want to open a debate on the monarchy or constitutional matters at this time. That's our position. I just don't see that as a priority for Canadians right
Succession to the Throne Act, 2013
16966269
Council Orders. The first person in line of succession to receive consent under the new law is Prince Harry. Succession to the Crown Act 2013 The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 (c. 20) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which altered the laws of succession to the British throne in accordance with the 2011 Perth Agreement. The act repealed the Royal Marriages Act 1772, replacing male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture for those born in the line of succession after 28 October 2011, which meant the eldest child, regardless of sex, would precede his or her
Succession to the Crown Act 2013
3046464
Succession to the Swedish throne The line of succession to the Swedish throne is determined by the Act of Succession (), originally approved jointly by the Riksdag of the Estates assembled in Örebro and King Charles XIII in 1810. In 1979, the Riksdag introduced absolute primogeniture, meaning that the eldest child of the monarch, regardless of gender, is first in the line of succession. The change entered into force on 1 January 1980, making Sweden the first country to adopt absolute primogeniture. The Swedish crown had previously (since 1810) descended according to agnatic primogeniture, meaning that only males could inherit
Succession to the Swedish throne
9202432
the rules of the last royal constitution. Under the influence of his wife Anne, the former King rejected the request and, at the end of 1997, he illegally designated his first born, Princess Margarita, as heir presumptive. In a 2009 interview, Karl Friedrich, then Hereditary Prince of Hohenzollern, stated that he was not interested in the Romanian throne. Line of succession to the former Romanian throne The succession order to the throne of the Romanian monarchy, abolished since 1947, was regulated by the monarchical constitution of 1923 and the 1884 Law of the Romanian Royal House Rules enacted pursuant to
Line of succession to the former Romanian throne
6816660
Line of succession to the Liechtensteiner throne Succession to the Liechtensteiner throne is governed by the house laws of the Princely Family of Liechtenstein, which stipulate agnatic primogeniture. In 2004 the head of state, Hans-Adam II, publicly responded to criticism from a committee of the UN which had voiced concerns about the exclusion of women from the line of succession, stating that the rule was older than the state itself. In 1606, the first prince of Liechtenstein, Karl I, and his younger brothers, Maximilian and Gundakar, signed Family Covenant, agreeing that the headship of the family should pass according to
Line of succession to the Liechtensteiner throne
12077102
setbacks in World War II forced the abandonment of these expansion projects. After British troops expelled the Italians in 1941 and restored Haile Selassie to the throne, the railway line was temporarily closed until 1944. In 1947, the Railroad Workers Syndicate was founded as one of the first labor unions in Ethiopia. Although the Syndicate was mostly a mutual aid organisation, the government viewed strikes as insurrection. A strike in 1949 was brutally suppressed. In 1960–1963, the Franco-Ethiopian Railways conducted surveys to extend the line 310 kilometers from Adama to Dilla. Although the French government offered a loan in 1965,
Ethio-Djibouti Railways
2350121
line of succession to the British throne. Since then her younger son, Lord Nicholas Windsor, her grandson, Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick, and her granddaughter Lady Marina Charlotte Windsor have also become Catholics. Her older son, the Earl of St Andrews, father of Lord Downpatrick, married a Catholic and thus had been excluded from the succession until the Succession to the Crown Act revoked that exclusion in 2015. The Dukedom of Kent is not subject to the Act of Settlement, so St Andrews' son and heir, Lord Downpatrick, is in line to become the first Roman Catholic Duke or Earl of
Katharine, Duchess of Kent
20157558
Line of succession to the former throne of Anhalt The Duchy of Anhalt was abolished in 1918 during the German Revolution, following the defeat of the Central Powers in the First World War. The original succession principle was semi-salic, with the nearest female kinswoman of the last male inheriting the crown upon extinction of the dynasty in the male line. The current pretender to the throne and head of the house is Eduard, Prince of Anhalt, son of Joachim Ernst, the last ruling Duke of Anhalt. Duke Eduard is the last surviving male member of the House of Ascania; after
Line of succession to the former throne of Anhalt
611686
Great Britain. However, Sophia died before Anne at age 83 in June 1714, which elevated the Elector to heir-presumptive; Queen Anne died on 1 August the same year, and Sophia's son became King George I. This made Frederick's father the new Prince of Wales and first-in-line to the British throne and Frederick himself second-in-line. Frederick's other godfather was his grand-uncle Frederick I, King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia. Frederick was nicknamed "Griff" within the family. In the year of Anne's death and the coronation of George I, Frederick's parents, George, Prince of Wales (later George II), and Caroline of
Frederick, Prince of Wales
6611306
Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 24 May 1995) is the eldest child of Prince Alois of Liechtenstein, the Regent and Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria, Duchess in Bavaria, he is also the eldest grandchild of the current ruling prince of Liechtenstein. He is both second in the line of succession to the Liechtensteiner throne—through his father—and third in the Jacobite line of succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France—through his mother. He is the first Jacobite heir born in the British Isles since
Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein
19250038
Line of succession to the former throne of Jammu and Kashmir The line of succession to the former throne of Jammu and Kashmir, one of the pre-eminent Indian principalities, was by agnatic primogeniture among the descendants of the first Maharaja, Gulab Singh. Upon Indian independence in 1947, the then Maharaja, Hari Singh, postponed his decision on whether to accede to India or to Pakistan. A militant force from Pakistan invaded the state in October 1947, resulting in the Maharaja acceding to India and a war between India and Pakistan; the war resulted in the state's division between the two countries.
Line of succession to the former throne of Jammu and Kashmir
5393967
Elizabeth II, as well as a paternal first cousin twice removed of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. As a great-great-granddaughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught (son of Queen Victoria), Princess Theodora is also in the line of succession to the British throne pursuant to the Act of Settlement 1701. Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (, born 9 June 1983 in St Mary's Hospital, London), also known under her stage name Theodora Greece, is a British actress and member of the Greek royal family and Danish Royal Family. She is currently ninth in
Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark
9443496
mistress Eleonore Hofmeyer (1739–1816). In 2010 Eduard modified the House of Anhalt-Ascania Laws, abolishing the Salic or Semi-Salic laws; recognising his first born daughter as his heir; and ruling that gender would in future be irrelevant in determining the line of descent. As a Protestant Christian directly descended from George II of Great Britain through his great-great-grandmother Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel, Eduard is distantly in the line of succession to the British throne. Eduard has served as deputy chairman of the Société des Amis of the Almanach de Gotha. Eduard, Prince of Anhalt Julius Eduard Ernst August Erdmann Prince
Eduard, Prince of Anhalt
3544755
sovereign's consent before they marry; without such consent, they and their children would be disqualified from succession. The first four individuals in the line of succession who are over 21, and the sovereign's consort, may be appointed Counsellors of State. Counsellors of State perform some of the sovereign's duties in the United Kingdom while he or she is out of the country or temporarily incapacitated. Otherwise, individuals in the line of succession need not have specific legal or official roles. The United Kingdom is one of the 16 Commonwealth realms. Each of those countries has the same person as monarch
Succession to the British throne
1982115
titles would jointly devolve, in default of sons born to him and the Queen's granddaughter, upon their daughters in order of seniority of birth, and upon their respective agnatic male descendants in the same order. As a female-line granddaughter of the British monarch, Alexandra was not entitled to the title of "Princess", nor to the style of "Her Royal Highness". Instead she was styled Lady Alexandra Duff, as the daughter of a duke, even though she was born fifth in the line of succession to the British throne. Alexandra and her sister were unique among British princesses in that they
Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife