when was first telegraph line started in india
1850
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people in the country. GSMA estimates that the Indian telecom sector will contribute to the economy and support 3 million direct jobs and 2 million indirect jobs by 2020. Telecommunications in India began with the introduction of the telegraph. The Indian postal and telecom sectors are one of the worlds oldest. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. The Posts and Telegraphs department occupied a small corner of the Public Works Department, at that time. The construction of
Telecommunications in India
191189
people in the country. GSMA estimates that the Indian telecom sector will contribute to the economy and support 3 million direct jobs and 2 million indirect jobs by 2020. Telecommunications in India began with the introduction of the telegraph. The Indian postal and telecom sectors are one of the worlds oldest. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. The Posts and Telegraphs department occupied a small corner of the Public Works Department, at that time. The construction of
Telecommunications in India
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traced back to the British era. During the British era, the first telegraph line, was established between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour.The British East India Company started using the telegraph in 1851 and till 1854 telegraph lines were laid across the country. In 1854, the telegraph service was opened to the public and the first telegram was sent from Mumbai to Pune. In 1885,The Indian Telegraph Act was passed by the British Imperial Legislative Counsel. After the bifurcation of post and Telegraph department in 1980s, and with the creation of Department of Telecom by 1990s, eventually led to the emergence of
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
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Santosh Bhartiya Santosh Bhartiya is a political journalist in India, currently Editor-in-Chief for online news portal Chauthi Duniya. Santosh Bhartiya started his journalistic career as Special Correspondent in Hindi weekly RAVIVAR, a prestigious and popular publication of Anand Bazar Patrika. Santosh Bhartiya did the first ever interview of the bandit queen Phoolan Devi and wrote about the Phoolan and Vikram Mallah. After that he joined The Telegraph, an esteemed English daily of the same group. Santosh Bhartiya became one of the first TV journalists of India when he joined Doordarshan for the first news and current affairs program, News Line.
Santosh Bhartiya
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of telegraph lines was started in November 1853. These connected Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north; Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then Madras) in the south; Ootacamund and Bangalore. William O'Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the development of telecom throughout this period. A separate department was opened in 1854 when telegraph facilities were opened to the public. In 1880, two telephone companies namely The Oriental Telephone Company Ltd. and The Anglo-Indian Telephone Company Ltd. approached the Government of India to establish
Telecommunications in India
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of 1860. The telegraph line immediately made the Pony Express obsolete, which officially ceased operations two days later. The overland telegraph line was operated until 1869, when it was replaced by a multi-line telegraph that had been constructed alongside the route of the First Transcontinental Railroad. First transcontinental telegraph The first transcontinental telegraph (completed October 24, 1861) was a line that connected the existing network in the eastern United States to a small network in California, by means of a link between Omaha, Nebraska and Carson City, Nevada, via Salt Lake City. It was a milestone in electrical engineering and
First transcontinental telegraph
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"Great Eastern" and an improved cable construction. An overland telegraph from Britain to India was first connected in 1866 but was unreliable so a submarine telegraph cable was connected in 1870. Several telegraph companies were combined to form the "Eastern Telegraph Company" in 1872. Australia was first linked to the rest of the world in October 1872 by a submarine telegraph cable at Darwin. From the 1850s until well into the 20th century, British submarine cable systems dominated the world system. This was set out as a formal strategic goal, which became known as the All Red Line. In 1896,
Telegraphy
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Yapp Mail communications between London and Calcutta could take as long as three months either way. Long distance telegraph lines were built across Russia in the 1850s. In 1870, the Indo-European Telegraph Line was completed and it provided a communication link between London and Calcutta after passing through Russia. For the first time, the India Office within the British Foreign Office could telegraph its orders and have them acted on in a timely manner. The home office now had complete control over foreign policy in India and the Governor-General of India lost the discretion that they once enjoyed. In 1868,
The Great Game
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domestic long-distance calling and international services as well as internet services. In 2004, the Bangladesh Government issued a number of PSTN licenses to private companies, but they were barred from providing services in the lucrative Dhaka market (which accounts for the majority of the nationwide market). The monopoly held by BTCL was broken when other operators started to receive licenses from 2007. The Telegraph branch under the Posts and Telegraph Department was created in 1853 in the then British India and was regulated afterwards under the Telegraph Act-1885. The Telegraph branch was reconstructed in 1962 in the then East Pakistan
BTCL
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cable manufactured by one of Pender's companies) to Britain and India, respectively. The London to Bombay telegraph line was completed in 1870. The London to Bombay cable was the first to land at Porthcurno in Cornwall, a location which became the company’s global hub and is now home to its archive and a telegraph museum. In 1872 the three companies were merged with the "Marseilles, Algiers and Malta Telegraph Company" to form the "Eastern Telegraph Company", with Pender as chairman. The Eastern Telegraph Company steadily took over a number of companies founded to connect the West Indies and South America,
Cable & Wireless Communications
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Deseret Telegraph Company The Deseret Telegraph Company () was a telegraphy company headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The company was organized in 1867 to direct operation of the recently completed Deseret Telegraph Line; its largest stakeholder was The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Deseret line ran north and south through the Utah Territory, connecting the numerous settlements with Salt Lake City and the First Transcontinental Telegraph. The company was dissolved in 1900 when its assets, including the Deseret line, were sold to the Western Union Telegraph Company. On June 16, 1860 the 36th United
Deseret Telegraph Company
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the poles by bison from time to time sent down sections of the telegraph, eventually contributing to their demise; (c) the system had to be rerouted through Chicago to avoid Confederate attempts to cut the line in Missouri to disrupt communications among Union forces; (d) Native Americans soon started to do the same further west as part of their hostilities with the Army. Financially, the First Transcontinental Telegraph was a big success from the beginning. The charge during the first week of operation was a dollar a word, which was higher than the 30 cents specified by the Telegraph Act
First transcontinental telegraph
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extensive and fine views'. The telegraph station was one in line of a semaphore line constructed in the Napoleonic period for the rapid transmission of messages between Paris and Landau; but by 1819 France's eastern frontiers had been much reduced, and the final point of this telegraph line was first Landau and after 1819 Strasbourg. The platform where the Clermont telegraph station stood still exists, as do fine views from it in the direction of Verdun to the east. (A line of trees blocks the former panoramic view to the west.) The telegraph line closed in 1852, the year when
Clermont-en-Argonne
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cases where excessive or unjust payments had been made by the Indian government. One of the most glaring was that of the Red Sea and India Telegraph Company. The company was formed in 1858 and invested 11 million pounds sterling. Although the company's operations collapsed after a few days when the telegraph line broke down, it continued to receive the guaranteed 4 1/5 percent return on its capital for fifty years. As the Welby Commission report noted. "in 1861 an act was passed declaring that the guarantee was not conditional upon the telegraph being in working order." The Commission's report
Welby Commission
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States Congress had passed the Pacific Telegraph Act of 1860, allowing the federal government to facilitate and seek bids on the construction of a telegraph line connecting the Eastern United States with the country's West. This act resulted in the First Transcontinental Telegraph, which was completed October 24, 1861 when a line from the East and a line from the West met in a telegraph office in Salt Lake City, Utah. Utah's Mormon settlers—members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS Church—had supplied labor, food, and transportation for the line, along with poles for about of
Deseret Telegraph Company
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Laos), as well as in Japan. In 1907, women also began to be employed as telegraphists in India and Burma (Myanmar). Women were employed as telegraph operators in the British Cape Colonies (South Africa), the Portuguese colonies (Angola, Mozambique) and French West Africa (Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Dahomey) by 1900. Australia became part of the world telegraph network in 1872 when a submarine cable was completed connecting Darwin, Australia with England via Java in the Dutch East Indies. An Overland Telegraph line was constructed to connect Darwin with other major cities in Australia. In 1874 the Ballarat School of
Women in telegraphy
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line was extended to Slough in 1843, a one-needle, two-wire system was installed. From this point the use of the electric telegraph started to grow on the new railways being built from London. The London and Blackwall Railway (another rope-hauled application) was equipped with the Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph when it opened in 1840, and many others followed. The one-needle telegraph proved highly successful on British railways, and 15,000 sets were still in use at the end of the nineteenth century. Some remained in service in the 1930s. In September 1845 the financier John Lewis Ricardo and Cooke formed the
Electrical telegraph
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the road progressed. By 24 January a telegraph line reached Prahsue. The first troops arrived in late December and on 1 January 1874 started marching along the road to the front, half a battalion at a time. The troops comprised a battalion each from the Black Watch, Rifle Brigade and Royal Welsh Fusiliers, along with the 1st and 2nd West India Regiments, a Naval Brigade, two native regiments, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers and Royal Marines. By 29 January, the road was more than half completed and they were close to Ashanti outposts. Skirmishing between the two forces began. Wolseley prepared
Anglo-Ashanti wars
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Binalong railway station and telegraph office The Binalong railway station and telegraph office was the first of two closed railway stations in Binalong on the Main Southern railway line in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in Binalong in 1875. Following a fire to the original wooden structure in 1883, a new stone and brick building was constructed. This was in use as a train station until 1916 when the line was moved to accommodate a second line. The station house and telegraph office remain today as a building of important historical significance in the town. The southern railway
Binalong railway station and telegraph office
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Spicers Gap Road (modern spelling omits the apostrophe) over the range. In 1861 the telegraph line was built along Spicers Gap Road linked up the first telegraph station at Fassifern Reserve with the station at Tregony, on the Darling Downs side. Spicers Gap Road required extensive expenditure on maintenance and with the 1871 opening of the Southern railway line from Warwick (the major town on the Darling Downs) to Toowoomba and then by the Main Line railway to Brisbane, Spicers Gap Road was virtually abandoned as rail transport was superior to drays. As automobiles started to become more widely available,
Tregony, Queensland
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Council of Regency. Under an earlier agreement conducted in 1872, a telegraph line from Ambala to Patiala was constructed by the British at the expense of the state, which collected the receipts and taxes therefrom for the maintenance of that telegraph line. Typical of the Phulkian states, the territory of Patiala state consisted of three separate enclaves including a number of villages interspersed in the territory of Nabha, Jhind and Maler Kotla; including the British Indian districts of Karnal, Ferozepore and Ludhiana. Patiala issued a total of 115 stamps and 84 official stamps from 1884 till 20 Aug 1948 when
Postage stamps and postal history of the postal convention states of India
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commercial telegraph in the world. This was a five-needle, six-wire system. The cables were originally installed underground in a steel conduit. However, the cables soon began to fail as a result of deteriorating insulation and were replaced with uninsulated wires on poles. As an interim measure, a two-needle system was used with three of the remaining working underground wires, which despite using only two needles had a greater number of codes. But when the line was extended to Slough in 1843, a one-needle, two-wire system was installed. From this point the use of the electric telegraph started to grow on
Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph
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Kashmir Life Line Kashmir Life Line (KLL) is a first emergency medical service started by Borderless World Foundation and Health Department of Kashmir in 2015. This is a first critical care, trauma care ambulance service started by a non profit after 2014 India–Pakistan floods with the help of National Securities Depository Limited under the corporate social responsibility. KLL is a 100% charitable and free medical service. Kashmir Life Line was started in 2015 after the devastating 2014 India–Pakistan floods. KLL was initiated by Adhik Kadam, Zahoor Sheikh, Suhail Massodi in Srinagar, India. Kashmir Life Line is a community service project.
Kashmir Life Line
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the act to respond to changes in technology. The Indian Telegraph Act, passed in 1883, was intended to give the Central Government power to establish telegraph lines on private as well as public property. At the time the Act was conceived, India was still under the rule of the British Raj. Telegraph was first installed in 1851 and a trans-India telegraph was completed three years later in 1854. The telegraph had become, in the intervening thirty years, an important tool for British dominion over India by quelling rebellions and consolidating information. It thus was important for the British to control
Indian Telegraph Act, 1885
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telegraph link between Brisbane and New South Wales. In 1861 the single iron wire telegraph line was built establishing the first telegraph link between New South Wales and Queensland. The section over Spicers Gap Road linked up the first telegraph station at Fassifern Reserve with the station at Tregony, on the Darling Downs side. An additional line was added in 1866 between Brisbane and Stanthorpe via Ipswich, Fassifern, Spicers Gap and Warwick. In 1905, five telegraph wires formed the line. During the 1920s the iron wires were replaced with copper. The telegraph line ceased operations in 1973 and was removed
Spicers Gap Road
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Bhatt First Book Prize. The Collaborator (Mirza Waheed novel) The Collaborator is the 2011 debut novel by Mirza Waheed. The novel is set on the Indian side of the Line of Control that separates Indian Kashmir from Pakistani Kashmir. The first-person narrator is a young man who ends up working for the Indian Army counting the number of dead militants killed in encounters with the Indian army. The book "The Collaborator" was featured in 2011 "Books of the Year" in "The Telegraph", "New Statesman", "Business Standard" and "Telegraph India". It was also 2011 Guardian First Book Award finalist and shortlisted
The Collaborator (Mirza Waheed novel)
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private owners who have each had a keen interest in preserving the historical aspect of the building. Binalong railway station and telegraph office The Binalong railway station and telegraph office was the first of two closed railway stations in Binalong on the Main Southern railway line in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in Binalong in 1875. Following a fire to the original wooden structure in 1883, a new stone and brick building was constructed. This was in use as a train station until 1916 when the line was moved to accommodate a second line. The station house and
Binalong railway station and telegraph office
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operator at the receiving end converts these sounds or signals into a written message. The code system used throughout Australia was the Morse code. Australia's first telegraph line, sponsored by the Victorian Government, was erected between Melbourne and Williamstown in 1853 and 1854 by Samuel McGowan, a recently immigrated Canadian telegrapher. The line covered a distance of and went into operation in March 1854, less than 10 years after the opening of the first public telegraph line (1 May 1844) in the world (linking Baltimore and Washington DC). 4000 telegrams were despatched in the first year (1854). When the line
History of telegraphy in Australia
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the world's first true long distance call, placed between Brantford and Paris, Ontario on 10 August 1876. For that long distance call Alexander Graham Bell set up a telephone using telegraph lines at Robert White's Boot and Shoe Store at 90 Grand River Street North in Paris via its Dominion Telegraph Co. office on Colborne Street. The normal telegraph line between Paris and Brantford was not quite 13 km (8 miles) length, but the connection was extended a further 93 km (58 miles) to Toronto to allow the use of a battery in its telegraph office. When the line connections
Bell Homestead National Historic Site
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in the Telegraph Electrical Society, formed in Melbourne in 1874, twenty years after the installation of Australia’s first electrical telegraph line (Melbourne to Williamstown, 1854), and two years after the completion of the Overland Telegraph Line caught the national imagination. The purpose of the Society was ‘The promotion of the knowledge of electricity, especially as connected with telegraphy’. The Society regularly published a booklet called ‘Transactions’ to record its activities. When the colonies’ telegraph and telephony services were nationalized, with the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, many of the Society’s members became employees of the newly formed
Telecommunications Society of Australia
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bitterness of the Shearers' Strike was affecting the town and Premier Sir Samuel Griffith was rebuffed when he arrived to try to officially open the line. When the line was completed, there were no railway buildings at the terminus, although a small post and telegraph office had been built to service the telegraph line which had advanced beside the railway. The first station building was a small timber shelter shed and office, . The opening of the railway from Barcaldine to Longreach caused a building and population boom in the area. By 1914, Longreach had 14 hotels. In 1912 Commissioner
Longreach railway station
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country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until January 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after the first tests in Adelaide. As with the telegraph, the telephone system soon began to extend into country
Orange Post Office
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of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after the first tests in Adelaide. As with the telegraph, the telephone system soon began to extend into country
Kiama Post Office
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of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after the first tests in Adelaide. As with the telegraph, the telephone system soon began to extend into country
Junee Post Office
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with the NSW Government concentrating on the development of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until January 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after the first tests in Adelaide. As with the telegraph,
Wellington Post Office
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the development of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after the first tests in Adelaide. As with the telegraph, the telephone system soon began to extend
Yass Post Office
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The Collaborator (Mirza Waheed novel) The Collaborator is the 2011 debut novel by Mirza Waheed. The novel is set on the Indian side of the Line of Control that separates Indian Kashmir from Pakistani Kashmir. The first-person narrator is a young man who ends up working for the Indian Army counting the number of dead militants killed in encounters with the Indian army. The book "The Collaborator" was featured in 2011 "Books of the Year" in "The Telegraph", "New Statesman", "Business Standard" and "Telegraph India". It was also 2011 Guardian First Book Award finalist and shortlisted for the 2011 Shakti
The Collaborator (Mirza Waheed novel)
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like a relay running of Anchal men. The first Anchal post office was opened in 1852 in Alappuzha at the time of Uthram thirunal Marthandavarma. A telegraph was introduced in Travancore in 1863. A postal savings scheme started in 1912 at the time of the Diwan Raghava Iyer. The money order service was started in 1901 and an insurance scheme commenced in 1921 Anchal Post Anchal post was the early postal service started in the kingdom of Travancore and Cochin before Independence of India. It was started in Travancore in 1729 by Anizham thirunal Marthandavarma and later in Cochin in
Anchal Post
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such as South Africa and India also had many land lines. Britain also possessed the majority of the world's underwater-telegraph deployment and repair equipment and expertise, and a monopoly of the gutta-percha insulation for underwater lines. The 1911 report stated that the Imperial Wireless Chain should only be a "valuable reserve" to the All Red Line, because enemies could interrupt or intercept radio messages. Despite its great cost the telegraph network succeeded in its purpose; British communications remained uninterrupted during the First World War, while Britain quickly succeeded in cutting Germany's worldwide network. The Pacific Cable Board laid a duplicate
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is that of Kashmere Gate, first started in 1910 and still celebrated with the same fervour and traditions. Kali Bari in Mandir Marg temple built in 1930. The Big wave of Bengali settled when Calcutta and Delhi were first connected by train in 1864, thereafter with the shifting of capital to New Delhi in 1911, the shifting to government employees' followed logically. The Next big wave settled in 1947 and 1971. Initially employees from central government departments like Post and Telegraph, Government of India Press, Accountant General of Central Revenues (AGCR) and Railways were settled in Timarpur; thereafter in 1924,
Chittaranjan Park
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communications between the sparse and geographically spread out villages and towns within Cornwall, it started the Victorian Internet, which had a profound effect on mobilising the speed of change during the latter days of the Industrial Revolution. In 1869, John Pender formed his first telegraph company, the "Falmouth Gibraltar and Malta Telegraph Company", with the aim of completing the cable chain connecting India to England with cables via Gibraltar and Portugal. The company name was somewhat misleading as although Pender intended the cable to land at Falmouth, the final landing point was the more westerly Porthcurno, because of fears of
Media in Cornwall
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of several Aboriginal men believed to have been involved. See main article for further details. In 1870 the British Australia Telegraph Company (BAT) was formed to link Australia directly to the British telegraphic cable system, by extending the cable from Singapore via Java to Port Darwin. In 1873, three British companies, The British India Extension Telegraph Company, The BAT and The China Submarine Telegraph Company were amalgamated to form the Eastern Extension, Australasia and China Telegraph Company (EET Co). The driving force behind the British cable companies was a Scottish born entrepreneur Sir John Pender, founder of Cable and Wireless.
Australian Overland Telegraph Line
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Oudh in the public works department, St John volunteered for work in Persia. This mission was mainly to establish a telegraph line between Persia and India. This mission, along with Patrick Stewart, was meant to lay a cable in the Persian Gulf and a land cable line for telegraphic link to Bosporus. Stewart and his brother Champain had already worked on a survey in Turkey. St John worked on the expedition under Captain Murdoch Smith, RE. He later took charge of the line from Teheran to Bashahr (March 1866), and during this time a second telegraph line was added. He
Oliver St John (civil servant)
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the destructive influence of the teredo (a wormlike bivalve mollusk) on the gutta percha insulation of the cables, which was more susceptible to them than the india rubber insulation used on other cables in warm water areas. In 1865, to address these problems, it was planned to run a second line onshore through Persia, and although this line was built, it was abandoned in 1868 because of objections from the Turks who regarded it as unnecessary competition with the Fao to Baghdad line. After the repeater station had been established on Telegraph Island, it became apparent that the location was
Telegraph Island
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outrage in Queensland amongst advocates of the Darwin–Burketown route. The final contract was secured in 1870 when the South Australian government agreed to construct 3200 km of line to Darwin, while the British-Australian Telegraph Company promised to lay the undersea cable from Java to Darwin. The latter was to be finished on 31 December 1871, and severe penalties were to apply if the connecting link was not ready. The South Australian Superintendent of Telegraphs, Charles Todd, was appointed head of the project, and devised a timetable to complete the immense project on schedule. Todd had built South Australia's first telegraph
Australian Overland Telegraph Line
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INLAKS-Shivdasani Foundation. He returned to India in 1986 and started off his journalistic career at The Statesman. He worked in senior editorial positions at newspapers including The Times of India, The Telegraph, The Indian Express and India Today. He is currently an independent columnist published in numerous national and international media. Dasgupta is a journalist in the English media. He regularly appears on various Indian news channels including CNN-IBN, NDTV and Times Now to debate on current issues pertaining to India and international affairs. He has edited a collection of essays: Nirad Chaudhuri—The First Hundred Years. He was a co-participant
Swapan Dasgupta
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for the bare iron wire. Dyar erected the first telegraph line and dispatched over it the first telegraph message ever sent in America — as determined by Levi Woodbury of the Supreme Court of the United States. Dyar had used over half a mile of bare electrical wire to transmit the message. He employed mechanical and electrical means that Samuel Morse used many years later for the telegraph system he patented in 1847. The author Munroe explains that Dyar made his telegraph line at least eighteen years before the actual materialization of the first practical Morse telegraph line that was
Harrison Gray Dyar
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Indian Submarine Telegraph Company", which connected the Anglo-Mediterranean cable (linking Malta to Alexandria using a cable manufactured by one of Pender's companies) to Britain and India, respectively. The London to Bombay telegraph line was completed in 1870, and in 1872 the three companies were merged with the "Marseilles, Algiers and Malta Telegraph Company" to form the "Eastern Telegraph Company", with Pender as chairman. The Eastern Telegraph Company expanded the cable length from 8,860 miles on its founding to 22,400 miles just 15 years later. The Company steadily took over a number of companies founded to connect the West Indies and
Cable & Wireless plc
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the other states, with the Government concentrating on the development of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after the first tests in Adelaide. As with the
Goulburn Post Office
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in 1786. In 1872–73, a bimonthly sea-mail service began between Madras and Rangoon. This was followed by the commencement of a fortnightly sea-mail service between Madras and ports on the eastern coast. Madras was linked to the rest of the world through telegraphs in 1853 and a civilian telegraph service was introduced on 1 February 1855. Soon afterwards, telegraph lines linked Madras and Ootacamund with other cities in India. A Telegraph department was set up in 1854, with a Deputy Superintendent stationed in Madras city. The Colombo-Talaimannar telegraph line established in 1858, was extended to Madras in 1882, thereby connecting
Madras Presidency
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The Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) coordinated the movement in Japan. The first circles started at the Nippon Wireless and Telegraph Company; the idea then spread to more than 35 other companies in the first year. By 1978 it was claimed that there were more than one million quality circles involving some 10 million Japanese workers. they operate in most East Asian countries; it was recently claimed that there were more than 20 million quality circles in China. Quality circles have been implemented even in educational sectors in India, and QCFI (Quality Circle Forum of India) is promoting
Quality circle
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mainly for shipping-related business, were also opened along the river that year. The telegraph receiver used in the trial was a galvanoscope of Dr. O'Shaughnessy's design and manufactured in India. When the experiment was deemed to be a success a year later, the Governor-General of India, Lord Dalhousie, sought permission from the Court of Directors of the Company for the construction of telegraph lines from "Calcutta to Agra, Agra to Bombay, Agra to Peshawar, and Bombay to Madras, extending in all over 3,050 miles and including forty-one offices." The permission was soon granted; by February 1855 all the proposed telegraph
Company rule in India
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Baltimore–Washington telegraph line The Baltimore–Washington telegraph line was the first long-distance telegraph system set up to run overland in the United States. In March 1843, the US Congress appropriated $30,000 to Samuel Morse to lay a telegraph line between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland, along the right-of-way of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Morse originally decided to lay the wire underground, asking Ezra Cornell to lay the line using a special cable-laying plow that Cornell had developed. Wire began to be laid in Baltimore on October 21, 1843. Cornell's plow was pulled by eight mules, and cut a ditch wide
Baltimore–Washington telegraph line
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compared to the other states, with the Government concentrating on the development of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until January 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after the first tests in Adelaide.
North Sydney Post Office
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23 October 1840. Samuel Morse received a Turkish patent for the telegraph in 1847, which was issued by Sultan Abdülmecid who personally tested the new invention. Following this successful test, work on the first Turkish telegraph line (Istanbul-Edirne-Şumnu) began on 9 August 1847. The reformist period peaked with the Constitution, called the "Kanûn-u Esâsî". The empire's First Constitutional era was short-lived. The parliament survived for only two years before the sultan suspended it. The Christian population of the empire, owing to their higher educational levels, started to pull ahead of the Muslim majority, leading to much resentment on the part
Ottoman Empire
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Once Eyre had proved that a link between South Australia and Western Australia was possible, efforts to connect them via telegraph began. In 1877, after two years of labour, the first messages were sent on the new telegraph line, boosted by eight repeater stations along the way. The line operated for about 50 years before being superseded, and remnants of it remain visible. The Trans-Australian Railway railway line crosses the Nullarbor Plain from Kalgoorlie to Port Augusta. Construction of the line began in 1917, when two teams set out from Kalgoorlie in Western Australia and Port Augusta in South Australia,
Nullarbor Plain
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Kingstown, the pumping engine started work, creating a 15-inch vacuum in two minutes. The train was pushed manually to the position where the piston entered the pipe, and the train was held on the brakes until it was ready to start. When that time came, the brakes were released and the train moved off. (The electric telegraph was later installed, obviating reliance on the timetable for engine operation.) On 17 August 1843, the tube was exhausted for the first time, and the following day a trial run was made. On Saturday 19 August, the line was opened to the public.
Atmospheric railway
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the bestselling "Chai, Chai: Travels in Places Where You Stop but Never Get Off", which The Telegraph (Kolkata) called "a delightful travelogue with a difference." He has also contributed two stories to "Urban Shots", a collection of short stories published in 2010. He was born in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, where he started his career as a journalist in 1993 with The Pioneer. He subsequently worked with the Press Trust of India and The Asian Age in New Delhi. He moved to Chennai in 2001 to join the New Indian Express group. He joined The Times of India in 2008 when
Bishwanath Ghosh
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Agency although there are still very real differences between the two countries when it comes to dealing with Iran. History of the oil industry in India The history of the Indian oil industry extends back to the period of the British Raj, at a time when petroleum first became a primary global energy source. 1866 : Oil discovery at Nahorpung,Assam. Not explored. 1882 : Big "Oil Seepage" in Digboi during construction of Dibrugarh-Ledo Railway Line. The first oil production started in India in 1889 near the town of Digboi in the state of Assam. A Small thatched structure was erected
History of the oil industry in India
12998236
Alta California Telegraph Company The Alta California Telegraph Company (also referred to simply as the Alta Telegraph Company) was a telegraph company which operated in the mid-19th century within the state of California prior to the construction of the Transcontinental Telegraph. It was organized in July of 1852, and incorporated in January 1854 and began constructing its first line that same year, stretching from Sacramento to Marysville and extending up into the foothills of the adjacent Sierra Nevada mountains. In subsequent years, a line was constructed between Sacramento and Benicia. From Benicia, a branch line was extended to Vallejo and
Alta California Telegraph Company
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Numbers. The phrase was suggested by Annie Ellsworth, whose husband was a supporter of Morse's, and knew Morse was religious. As U.S. Postmaster General, Cave Johnson was in charge of the line. Morse was made superintendent of the line, and Alfred Vail and Henry Rogers the operators. The next year, Johnson reported that "the importance of [the line] to the public does not consist of any probable income that can ever be derived from it," which led to the invention being returned for private development. Baltimore–Washington telegraph line The Baltimore–Washington telegraph line was the first long-distance telegraph system set up
Baltimore–Washington telegraph line
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with Christchurch and opening on 1 December 1863. This was New Zealand's first public railway. A telegraph line was built along the rail corridor between Lyttelton and Christchurch, and when it opened on 1 July 1862, it was the first telegraph line in New Zealand. New Zealand Post celebrated the centenary with the publication of two commemorative stamps. Edward Dobson's most important project was the superintendency of the Lyttelton Rail Tunnel, an engineering feat that is recognised with a Category I heritage protection by Heritage New Zealand. His son Arthur prepared many of the sectional drawings. Shortly afterwards, the Ferrymead
Edward Dobson
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census reported a population of 277 (150 male, 127 female, including 103 indigenous Australians). John McDouall Stuart explored the region in 1859. The route mapped by Stuart in his journeys of 1857 to 1862 was adopted as part of the Overland Telegraph Line route. There was no township at Oodnadatta when the telegraph was built. It was called the Yellow Waterhole, or Angle Pole (due to a sharp change in direction of the telegraph line), and later was known as Hookey's Waterhole. Angle Pole () is the point near Oodnadatta where the direction of the Telegraph Line changed to a
Oodnadatta
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Kandy Post Office The Kandy Post Office () is the main post office in Kandy, Sri Lanka. The first post office was opened in Kandy in 1820, under the direction of the Postmaster General of Ceylon, Lewis Sansoni. The first mail coach service, between Colombo and Kandy, began operations in 1832. On 1 July 1857 an overland telegraph line, connecting the Colombo and the Kandy post offices, was opened. In September a submarine cable, connecting Ceylon with India, was laid between Thanaikai Point and Talamannar, with the line from Kandy to Manaar via Mihintale finished in October. The current post
Kandy Post Office
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electro-magnetic automatic repeaters and a more easily maintained telegraph line alongside the recently completed transcontinental railway line the line closed in 1927. The social impact of the arrival of the telegraph was great. There was fervour for telegraphic information transfer. By far the largest customers were the Government, business and the press. Before the telegraph news and mail could take three months to reach England, the telegraph reduced this to around seven hours. As the telegraph spread provincial and city newspapers published sections by-lined 'by Electric Telegraph'. Until the 1870s overseas news was telegraphed from Adelaide being the first port
History of telegraphy in Australia
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Station, the other to Liverpool. Development was slow in NSW compared to the other states, with the Government concentrating on the development of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in
Hay Post Office
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Development was slow in NSW compared to the other states, with the Government concentrating on the development of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until January 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three years after
Forbes Post Office
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other to Liverpool. Development was slow in NSW compared to the other states, with the Government concentrating on the development of country offices before suburban ones. As the line spread, however, telegraph offices were built to accommodate the operators. Unlike the Post Office, the telegraph office needed specialised equipment and could not be easily accommodated in a local store or private residence. Post and telegraph offices operated separately until 1870 when the departments were amalgamated, after which time new offices were built to include both postal and telegraph services. In 1881 the first telephone exchange was opened in Sydney, three
Newcastle Post Office
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was also the first South American nation to adopt public electric lighting (in 1883) and the second in the Americas (behind the United States) to establish a transatlantic telegraphic line connecting it directly to Europe in 1874. The first domestic telegraph line appeared during 1852 in Rio de Janeiro. By 1889, there were of telegraph lines connecting the country's capital to distant Brazilian provinces such as Pará and even linking to other South American countries such as Argentina and Uruguay. Since the second half of the 18th century, when Brazil was still a colony, the government had attempted to gather
Empire of Brazil
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on horseback to Esk to telegraph Brisbane of the impending danger. Two weeks later the Brisbane River rose again, and finding the Esk telegraph line down, Somerset rowed across the flooded Brisbane River, two horses swimming in tow, to send a rider across the d'Aguilar Range to Caboolture to telegraph Brisbane. The first message was ignored or misinterpreted, but as a result of Somerset's efforts Caboonbah was made Queensland's first flood warning station, with a telegraph line to Cressbrook Station carrying a family-operated Morse for 8? years until a telephone line was installed in the early 1900s. The flood warning
Caboonbah Homestead
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Anchal Post Anchal post was the early postal service started in the kingdom of Travancore and Cochin before Independence of India. It was started in Travancore in 1729 by Anizham thirunal Marthandavarma and later in Cochin in 1770s. Later it was merged with the India Posts & Telegraph on 1 April 1951 after Independence of India. The name Anchal derives from the Greek word Angelos meaning messenger. (Greek. Angelos) an angel, a messenger who runs on foot, the bearer of despatches. It is believed that name Anchal was given to the early post by General John Munro, the then Resident
Anchal Post
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revenue stamps overprinted to pay the fee (e.g. Nicaragua, Ecuador). Private companies also issued telegraph stamps in countries where the telegraph network was in private ownership. The first telegraph stamps issued might be those of The English and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Co., released in 1853. The first government-issued telegraph stamps were issued in India in January 1860. Occasionally postage stamps ran out and telegraph stamps were used for letter postage as an emergency measure, for example in Spain in 1879. Telegraph stamps are regarded by many philatelists as collectable. They are listed in most country specific catalogues though not usually
Telegraph stamp
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McMinn was one of ten surveyors and a support crew of around 100 men, under Surveyor-General George Goyder and Dr. Robert Peel, who left Adelaide for Port Darwin shortly after Christmas 1868 to survey Palmerston and regions, and most of whom returned to Adelaide on 25 November 1869. McMinn worked as a surveyor on the Overland Telegraph Line. In February 1871 he was the first European to visit Simpsons Gap, which he identified as a better route for the line. He was Overseer of Works for construction of the northern section of the Overland Telegraph Line when he controversially cancelled
Gilbert Rotherdale McMinn
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Montreal Telegraph Company The Montreal Telegraph Company was the first significant telegraph company in Canada. In 1847, early telegraph pioneer Orrin S. Wood was recruited to be president of the company, which rapidly established telegraph lines to Toronto and Quebec City from Montreal, and then New York by August 1847. The company's operations grew to 1,900 miles of line during the 1850s, and to 12,400 miles of line by 1870. Wood had technical expertise, but was not an established businessman in Canada, so Hugh Allan became president in 1852, and Wood continued as superintendent. The creation of Dominion Telegraph Company
Montreal Telegraph Company
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California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento. In perhaps the world's first live mass-media event, the hammers and spike were wired to the telegraph line so that each hammer stroke would be heard as a click at telegraph stations nationwide—the hammer strokes were missed, so the clicks were sent by the telegraph operator. As soon as the ceremonial "Last Spike" had been replaced by an ordinary iron spike, a message was transmitted to both the East Coast and West Coast that simply read, "DONE." Travel from coast to coast was reduced from six months or more to just one week. When
First Transcontinental Railroad
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cut the telegraph line. Old Wire Road The Old Wire Road is a historic road in Missouri and Arkansas. Several local roads are still known by this name. It followed an old Native American route, the Great Osage Trail across the Ozarks and became a road along a telegraph line from St. Louis, Missouri, to Fort Smith, Arkansas. This route was also used by the Butterfield Overland Mail. It was known as the "Wire Road" while the telegraph line was up, but when the line was later removed, it simply became known as the "Old Wire Road". In St. Louis,
Old Wire Road
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and run its own telegraph line in Asia, and additionally, assisting the Russians with operations, maintenance, technical assistance and education. In the following years, the telegraph line expanded massively – both in Europe and in Asia. First, Oslo, London and Paris were covered. Later, operations took place along the coast of China ranging from Hong Kong to Shanghai and further into Japan where the first telegraph station opened in Nagasaki in 1897. In addition to the telegraph line, telegraph stations and offices opened at several locations. In 1897, negotiations began about a potential connection going from Scotland to the United
GN Store Nord
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selected (at the invitation of the now Colonel Henry Yule) to go with Major (Sir) Patrick Stewart to Persia on government telegraph duty. At that time there was no electric telegraph from Britain to India, and the lack of one had been urgently felt during the Rebellion. The attempt to construct one under a government guarantee had failed, and it was determined to make a line by the Persian Gulf route directly under government. Champain proceeded with Stewart to Bushehr, and thence in June to Teheran, where negotiations were carried on with the Persian government. In 1865 the line was
John Underwood Bateman-Champain
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in some cases, of sections of toddy palm, insulated with pieces of sal wood fastened to their tops. Some of the conducting wires or rods were insulated, the insulating material being either manufactured in India or England; other stretches of wire remained uninsulated. By 1856, iron tubes had begun to be employed to provide support, and would see increased use in the second half of the 19th century all over India. The first Telegraph Act for India was Parliament's Act XXXIV of 1854. When the public telegramme service was first set up in 1855, the charge was fixed at one
Company rule in India
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the United States government confiscating the company in 1888. In 1894 ownership of the company was returned to the LDS Church. On February 20, 1900 the Western Union Telegraph Company (who had built the first transcontinental telegraph line) purchased the assets of the Deseret Telegraph Company from the LDS Church for $10,000 ($ in today's terms) with the remainder of the stockholders receiving $2.00 per share ($ in today's terms). The line was turned over on April 4, 1900 and its operations absorbed into the Western Union company. Deseret Telegraph Company The Deseret Telegraph Company () was a telegraphy company
Deseret Telegraph Company
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across Utah and Nevada were joined by the First Transcontinental Telegraph stations and telegraph line which followed much the same route in 1861 from Carson City, Nevada to Salt Lake City, Utah. The Pony Express folded in 1861 as they failed to receive an expected mail contract from the U.S. government and the telegraph filled the need for rapid east-west communication. This combination wagon/stagecoach/pony express/telegraph line route is labeled the "Pony Express National Historic Trail" on the National Trail Map. From Salt Lake City the telegraph line followed much of the Mormon/California/Oregon trails to Omaha, Nebraska. After the First Transcontinental
History of the Oregon Trail
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Broadcasting of sports events The broadcasting of sports events (also known as a sportscast) is the live coverage of sports as a television program, on radio, and other broadcasting media. It usually involves one or more sports commentators describing the events as they happen. Broadcasting of sports started with descriptions of play sent via telegraph in the 1890s. In 1896, a telegraph line was connected to the Victoria Rink in Montreal to update fans in Winnipeg of the Stanley Cup challenge series between Montreal and Winnipeg ice hockey teams. In 1923, the first radio broadcast of an ice hockey game
Broadcasting of sports events
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timber for telegraph poles, and water supplies. On 24 July, his expedition finally reached the north coast at a place Stuart named Chambers Bay, after his employer and sponsor. South Australian Governor Richard MacDonnell gave his strong support to the project. In 1863 an Order in Council transferred Northern Territory to South Australia, aiming to secure land for an international telegraph connection. Now with a potential route, South Australia strengthened her position for the telegraph line in 1865 when Parliament authorised the construction of a telegraph line between Adelaide and Port Augusta, 300 km to the north. This move provoked
Australian Overland Telegraph Line
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John Underwood Bateman-Champain Colonel Sir John Underwood Bateman-Champain, (22 July 1835 – 1 February 1887), born Champain, was a British army officer and engineer in India, who was instrumental in laying the first electric telegraph line from Britain to India by way of the Persian Gulf. He assumed the additional name of Bateman on succeeding to the estate of Halton Park, Lancashire, in 1872. Champain was born in Gloucester Place, London, on 22 July 1835, the son of Colonel Agnew Champain (d.1876) of the 9th Regiment of Foot. He was educated at Cheltenham College, and for a short time in
John Underwood Bateman-Champain
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bit, and soon forgot all about what he had started to do. The molasses, however, although it ran pretty slowly, ran steadily, and finally, like the mush in the fairy-tale of the enchanted bowl, overflowed the top of the receptacle and spread itself over the dirt floor. When Lyons had finished his chat, he saw, to his intense chagrin, a new job upon his hands, and one likely to busy him for some time." Over the years Lyons' Station became a combination stagecoach stop, general store, and post office, with a telegraph office added after the telegraph line came to
Lyons Station Stagecoach Stop
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Hill) and Alice. Three of the sons entered the army; one the navy; and one, John, the church. Harriet Sophie survived her husband's death and died on 14 August 1905. John Underwood Bateman-Champain Colonel Sir John Underwood Bateman-Champain, (22 July 1835 – 1 February 1887), born Champain, was a British army officer and engineer in India, who was instrumental in laying the first electric telegraph line from Britain to India by way of the Persian Gulf. He assumed the additional name of Bateman on succeeding to the estate of Halton Park, Lancashire, in 1872. Champain was born in Gloucester Place,
John Underwood Bateman-Champain
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mail and passenger service. Proposals for the subsidy of a telegraph line to California were made in Congress throughout the 1850s, and in 1860 the U.S. Post Office was authorized to spend $40,000 per year to build and maintain an overland line. The year before, the California State Legislature had authorized a similar subsidy of $6,000 per year. Construction of the first transcontinental telegraph was the work of Western Union, which Hiram Sibley and Ezra Cornell had established in 1856 by merging companies operating east of the Mississippi River. A second significant step was the passing of the Telegraph Act
First transcontinental telegraph
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History of the oil industry in India The history of the Indian oil industry extends back to the period of the British Raj, at a time when petroleum first became a primary global energy source. 1866 : Oil discovery at Nahorpung,Assam. Not explored. 1882 : Big "Oil Seepage" in Digboi during construction of Dibrugarh-Ledo Railway Line. The first oil production started in India in 1889 near the town of Digboi in the state of Assam. A Small thatched structure was erected and christened "Oil well no.1" or "Discovery". This discovery came on the heels of industrial development. The Assam Railways
History of the oil industry in India
14276374
Peter Faber (telegraph specialist) Peter Christian Frederik Faber (7 October 1810 in Copenhagen – 25 April 1877) was a Danish telegraphy pioneer. In Denmark, he is remembered first and foremost for his songwriting. Faber was also an amateur photographer and is credited with the oldest photograph on record in Denmark. After graduating in technology in 1840, he became an inspector at the Polyteknisk Læreanstalt (College of Advanced Technology) where he carefully followed the development of electromagnetic telegraphy. Together with Hans Christian Ørsted he wrote a report on the possibility of laying telegraph lines in Denmark. When a line successfully connected
Peter Faber (telegraph specialist)
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up the Skeena River from the Pacific Coast three times that season, successfully delivering of material for the telegraph line and 12,000 rations for its workers. The line passed Fort Fraser and reached the Skeena River, creating the settlement of Hazelton when it was learned that Cyrus West Field had successfully laid the transatlantic cable on July 27. In British Columbia, construction of the overland line was halted on February 27, 1867, as the whole project was now deemed obsolete. Nevertheless, left behind in British Columbia was a usable telegraph system from New Westminster to Quesnel, which later would be
Russian–American Telegraph
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early 1880s, the route of the telegraph line became the Deadwood-Miles City stagecoach road, and in 1885 the civilian community of Powderville was built adjacent to the station. In 1885 it became a stage stop when the Deadwood to Miles City, Montana stagecoach line was established along the route of the telegraph line, crossing the Powder River at Elkhorn Crossing. The Powder River telegraph repair station was decommissioned in 1883, although U.S. Army troops from Fort Keogh continued operating in the area into the 1890s. Although Powderville is unincorporated, it had a post office with the ZIP code of 59345,
Powderville, Montana
6695219
Highway, it owes its origins to the Australian Overland Telegraph Line. It was named after Dr. Frederick Renner, who was dispensing medical advice to the team working on the telegraph line when they passed through the springs in 1872. In 1877, Dr. Renner saw a flock of birds while working on the telegraph line and found that the birds were drawn to this particular area by the natural springs, which was later named Mud Springs. These freshwater springs, which bubble up from underground, helped the area surrounding Renner Springs achieve its importance because they provided water to the area. Lake
Renner Springs
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telegraph line between Washington, D.C., and New York City. It was the first privately owned telegraph line in the nation's history. Within seven years, Boston was linked with New York City; an extensive network of lines linked New York City with Albany and cities throughout Ohio and along the Mississippi River; and New Orleans was linked to Washington, D.C. Patent commissions, the sale of Magnetic Telegraph to the American Telegraph Company in 1859, and other telegraph investments made Kendall a wealthy man again. In 1857, Kendall co-founded what would eventually become Gallaudet University for the deaf. Platt H. Skinner had
Amos Kendall
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20-word messages in 1867. While telegraph traffic continued to rise in the following decade, the technology was soon to be replaced by the telephone. Switzerland's entry into the telephone age came in 1877, when the first experimental phone lines appeared, starting with a line linking the post office building with the Federal Palace and then with a link, using the existing telegraph line, between Bern and Thun. The following year, the government passed legislation establishing a monopoly on the country's telephone network. Nonetheless, private operators were allowed to bid for licenses in order to develop their local concessions. By 1880,
Swisscom
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the first of approximately thirty buildings erected in this form during the period 1869–1885. Tenders had been called in September 1869 for the erection of telegraph lines from Cardwell to Gilberton and then to the Gulf of Carpentaria, and the two sections were completed in 1871 and 1872 respectively. However, in 1872, the overseas cable was connected to the Australian Overland Telegraph line at Darwin and not via the Gulf of Carpentaria. So the main purpose for which the Cardwell Telegraph Office and telegraph lines were built did not in fact materialise. Nonetheless the telegraph line from Cardwell successfully served
Cardwell Bush Telegraph
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Orrin S. Wood Orrin Squire Wood (December 14, 1817-June 22, 1909) (normally referred to as Orrin S. Wood) was one of early pioneers of the telegraph industry in the United States and Canada. The brother-in-law of Ezra Cornell, who assisted Samuel Morse in the construction of the Baltimore-Washington telegraph line, Wood was recruited in August 1844 to be a telegraph operator on the line, and was Morse's first pupil. He was one of the founders of the Magnetic Telegraph Company with Cornell, Morse, and others, in 1845. He helped set up a telegraph exhibition in lower Manhattan in New York,
Orrin S. Wood
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to California. The Pony Express used much of this same route across Nevada and the Sierras in 1860-1861. These combined stage and Pony Express stations along the Central Route across Utah and Nevada were joined by the first transcontinental telegraph stations (completed 24 October 1861). The Pony express terminated soon after the telegraph was established. This combination wagon-stagecoach-pony express-telegraph line route is labeled the "Pony Express National Historic Trail" on the National Trail Map. From Salt Lake City, the telegraph line followed much of the Mormon-California-Oregon trail(s) to Omaha, Nebraska. After the first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, the
History of California
592128
mail contract from the U.S. government and the telegraph filled the need for rapid east–west communication. This combination wagon/stagecoach/pony express/telegraph line route is labeled the "Pony Express National Historic Trail" on the National Trail Map. From Salt Lake City the telegraph line followed much of the Mormon/California/Oregon trails to Omaha, Nebraska. After the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869, telegraph lines usually followed the railroad tracks as the required relay stations and telegraph lines were much easier to maintain alongside the tracks. Telegraph lines to unpopulated areas were largely abandoned. As the years passed, the Oregon Trail became a
Oregon Trail
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Junagarh railway station Junagarh railway station is in Kalhandi District of the State of Odisha in the Republic of India. In 2014, it had a 24km line. The proposal for a Lanjigarh–Junagarh line came in 1991, when Bhakta Charan Das was the state railway minister. The line was announced in the rail budget of 1992. After nearly twenty years, the line was completed in 2011, and Bhawanipatna railway station was opened by Das on 11 August 2012. On the same day, the first Bhawanipatna–Bhubaneshwar link express started from Bhawanipatna. The Lanjigarh–Junagarh section was completed by 2 March 2014 and the
Junagarh railway station
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the top of the pole, and the other arm at the middle of the pole. The signals of the Popham semaphore were found to be much more visible than those of the Murray semaphore. Popham's 2-arm semaphore was modeled after the 3-arm Depillon French semaphore. An experimental semaphore line between the Admiralty and Chatham was installed in July 1816, and its success helped to confirm the choice. Subsequently, the Admiralty decided to establish a permanent link to Portsmouth and built a chain of semaphore stations. Work started in December 1820 and the line was operational from 1822 until 1847, when
Semaphore telegraph
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trail ran along what is now Dixie Highway from Pontiac northwards. Telegraph lines were first installed from the Detroit area south to the Monroe area in the mid-19th century with additional lines north to Pontiac completed around 1868. As these communication lines were installed, roadways were added as needed to provide access for maintenance. The parallel road from Dearborn south was named for these lines, becoming Telegraph Road. When the state initially signposted its state highways in 1919, Telegraph Road from the Ohio state line north to Dearborn was assigned the original M-10 designation. The same year, the Dixie Highway,
U.S. Route 24 in Michigan