who founded a fishing expedition in newfoundland after claiming the area
British
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War (1756–63), control of Newfoundland became a major source of conflict between Britain, France and Spain who all pressed for a share in the valuable fishery there. Britain's victories around the globe led William Pitt to insist that nobody other than Britain should have access to Newfoundland. The Battle of Signal Hill was fought in Newfoundland in 1762, when a French force landed and tried to occupy the island, only to be repulsed by the British. In 1796 a Franco-Spanish expedition succeeded in raiding the coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador. By the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), French fishermen were given
History of Newfoundland and Labrador
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protect Newfoundland, it was ravaged with fire and destruction, and a great deal of mischief was done to the fisheries. After taking dozens of British prisoners, the combined fleet sailed toward Saint Pierre and Miquelon, which were held by the British at that time, and remained near the islands for two weeks, taking on water and preparing for the voyage back to France and Spain. The combined expedition destroyed over 100 fishing vessels from the Newfoundland fleet and burned fishing stations along the Newfoundland coast, including the base of the English garrison at Placentia Bay. On 19 August a treaty
Newfoundland expedition
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Richery destroyed all the buildings, vessels, and fishing-stages he found at Saint Pierre and Miquelon, claiming the islands for France but leaving them unpopulated. Approximately 225 houses, 17 large scaffolds, 8 large buildings, 80 fishing boats and 80,000 quintals of cod were burnt to the ground. Admiral Richery hoisted the French flag on the island of St. Pierre, which had surrendered to a force from Halifax years before, but had been left without a garrison, though a number of British fishermen had taken possession and built a town. Richery's squadron then divided, and a portion sailed for the coast of
Newfoundland expedition
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made attacks on St. John's in 1692 and 1694. Fort Royal was built in 1693. French forces successfully raided British settlements during times of war while Fort Royal, atop Castle Hill, protected the colony from attack by British warships. At the end of 1693 the garrison had about 60 soldiers. Governor Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan (1691–97) mobilized a frigate and eight ships to attack English Newfoundland. He took possession of about 30 fishing boats, captured prisoners and seized a large amount of fish. De Monbeton was joined on this expedition by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, who marched overland from
Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Cod fishing in Newfoundland Cod fishing in Newfoundland was carried out at a subsistence level for centuries, but large scale fishing began shortly after the European discovery of the North American continent in 1492, with the waters being found to be preternaturally plentiful, and ended after intense overfishing with the collapse of the fisheries in 1992. The Beothuk (called Skraelings by the Vikings) were the native people of Newfoundland, and survived on a diet of caribou, marine mammals and fish. With the arrival of British and French coastal settlements, the Beothuk were forced inland, and the lack of their normal
Cod fishing in Newfoundland
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two flutes through the British blockade of the French coast from Brest on 20 May 1762. Arriving at Bay Bulls on June 20, he landed 750 soldiers, led by Joseph-Louis-Bernard de Cléron d'Haussonville, who captured St. John's without resistance from its small British garrison. Ternay then oversaw the destruction of St. John's fishing stages and fishing fleet. British estimates of the damage ran to £1 million. Although the French had not anticipated a British response until the next year, General Sir Jeffery Amherst was alerted to the French raid in July, and organized an expedition to recover Newfoundland. The British
Charles-Henri-Louis d'Arsac de Ternay
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Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador Castle Hill is an area containing the remains of both French and British fortifications, overlooking the town of Placentia (French: "Plaisance") in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The site was originally established in order to protect the French fishing interests in Newfoundland and the approaches to the French colony of Canada. In order to protect the bay, there was one fort erected, Fort Plaisance (1662) (also known as Vieux Fort) between 1662-1690. During King William's War, on 25 February 1690, 45 British freebooters from Ferryland led by Herman Williamson attacked Plaisance by land. After killing two
Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador
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and a Royal Navy official who was commander-in-chief of the annual fishing convoy which left England each spring, sometimes from Portsmouth and other times from Plymouth, to fish off Newfoundland: the fleet were tasked with protecting the fishing convoys from harm. They were also responsible for administrative and judicial functions, including assisting the fishing admirals in Britain in maintaining admiralty law and order and compiling the annual report on the fish stocks for the British government. From 1729 to 1775 the officer appointed was usually of Commodore rank; however the station's increasing importance after that date led to appointments of
Newfoundland Station
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settlement at St. John's was besieged in 1705 and captured in 1709 by French forces from Plaisance. Sovereignty of the entire island passed to Great Britain with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, although the French were granted some rights to dry fish on shore. Saint Pierre also came under British control, but it and neighboring Miquelon were eventually given to France after the War of the Austrian Succession. Newfoundland expedition (1702) The Newfoundland expedition was a naval raiding expedition led by English Captain John Leake between August and October 1702 that targeted French colonial settlements on the North Atlantic island
Newfoundland expedition (1702)
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the number killed, it is estimated to be around 400. Several Beothuk persons captured by the English were well documented. Demasduit was a Beothuk woman who is thought to have been about 23 years old when she was captured by the British near Red Indian Lake in March 1819. The governor of Newfoundland was seeking to encourage trade and end hostilities between the Beothuk and the British. But he approved an expedition, to be led by Captain David Buchan, to recover a boat and other fishing gear that had been stolen by the Beothuk. John Peyton Jr. led one of
Beothuk
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Newfoundland and Maritime Canada. In a series of devastating raids on undefended fishing communities and shipping, Richery was able to destroy or capture most of the region's fishing infrastructure and more than a hundred British ships before returning to France in November, evading pursuit by British blockade squadrons. The French Navy had suffered a series of losses in the first years of the French Revolutionary Wars, with substantial numbers of ships captured or destroyed at the Siege of Toulon, Glorious First of June and the "Croisière du Grand Hiver". In the spring of 1795 the Atlantic fleet lost three more
Richery's expedition
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"Duquesne", "Censeur", and "Friponne" while Richery himself proceeded to Saint Pierre and Miquelon with "Victoire", "Barras", "Jupiter", "Berwick", and "Révolution" 74s, and frigates "Émbuscade" and "Félicité" to visit a like treatment upon its shore establishments. Delayed by head winds and fogs, M. Allemand did not enter the bay of Castles until 22 September, by which time most of the fishing vessels had departed for Europe. The French commodore sent an officer with a flag of truce demanding the surrender of the town. This was refused, but the approach of the squadron compelled the British commanding officer to destroy the fishing-stages.
Newfoundland expedition
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Bait Act Bait Acts were laws passed in Newfoundland to try to control the sale of bait to French fishermen, and later to Canadian and American fishermen. In the 1800s France claimed exclusive rights to fish along the shores of Newfoundland, and to cure the fish on the shores. Newfoundland was a British colony, but Britain had other priorities when negotiating fishing rights, and did little to protect the Newfoundland fishery. In 1857 Britain signed an agreement allowing the French jurisdiction over an area of the shoreline where the fish were cured, and giving them the right to run off
Bait Act
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shore resulted in continued friction between French and British fishing interests, which was not fully resolved until late in the 18th century. The economic effects of the war were severe in Newfoundland, with the fishing fleets significantly reduced. The British fishing fleet began to recover immediately after the peace was finalized, and they attempted to prevent Spanish ships from fishing in Newfoundland waters, as they previously had. However, many Spanish ships were simply reflagged with English straw owners to evade British controls. The British capture of Acadia had long-term consequences for the Acadians and Mi'kmaq living there. Britain's hold on
Queen Anne's War
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Newfoundland expedition (1585) The Newfoundland Expedition also known as Bernard Drake's Newfoundland Expedition was an English naval expedition that took place during the beginning of the declared Anglo-Spanish War in the North Atlantic during summer and Autumn of 1585. The area of conflict was situated mainly in an area known as the Grand Banks off present day Newfoundland. The aim of the expedition was to capture the Spanish and Portuguese fishing fleets. The expedition was a huge military and financial success and virtually removed the Spanish and Portuguese from these waters. In addition the raid had large consequences in terms
Newfoundland expedition (1585)
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& lasting damage to the Spanish and Portuguese fishing industries. The Portuguese fishery in particular on the other hand never recovered. As a result of Drake's huge success and the impact it had, this enabled the establishment of English and French (Basque) domination in North America and therefore colonial settlement in the early part of the 17th century. Newfoundland expedition (1585) The Newfoundland Expedition also known as Bernard Drake's Newfoundland Expedition was an English naval expedition that took place during the beginning of the declared Anglo-Spanish War in the North Atlantic during summer and Autumn of 1585. The area of
Newfoundland expedition (1585)
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Newfoundland expedition (1702) The Newfoundland expedition was a naval raiding expedition led by English Captain John Leake between August and October 1702 that targeted French colonial settlements on the North Atlantic island of Newfoundland and its satellite Saint Pierre. The expedition occurred in the early days of Queen Anne's War, as the North American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession is sometimes known. Leake's fleet descended on French settlements on the southern shore of Newfoundland, destroying fishing stages and other infrastructure. They captured fishing and trade ships, and destroyed most of the settlement at Saint Pierre. In a
Newfoundland expedition (1702)
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was authorized by the privy council to press ships for a voyage to be made to the Newfoundland fishing grounds. The expedition was to warn English fishing vessels there not to take fish direct to Spain or Portugal (trade being already well established), and to seize any vessels belonging to subjects of the king of Spain they could find. Commissions to lead such expeditions were issued to Carew Raleigh and to Bernard Drake on 20 June, and the latter was ordered about 27 June to launch an expedition against the Newfoundland fisheries. They dropped plans for a privateering voyage to
Newfoundland expedition (1585)
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brothers, Miguel and Gaspar, explored Newfoundland and Labrador, claiming them as part of the Portuguese Empire. In 1506, king Manuel I of Portugal created taxes for the cod fisheries in Newfoundland waters. João Álvares Fagundes and Pêro de Barcelos established seasonal fishing outposts in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia around 1521, and older Portuguese settlements may have existed. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, provided with letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I, landed in St John's in August 1583, and formally took possession of the island. Sometime before 1563 Basque fishermen, who had been fishing cod shoals off Newfoundland's coasts since the beginning of
Newfoundland and Labrador
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era for 35 years suggested Fr. Giovanni Antonio de Carbonariis and the other friars who accompanied Cobot's 1498 expedition had stayed in Newfoundland and founded a mission which would have made it the first Christian settlement on the continent. Nova Scotia was further explored by the Portuguese explorer João Álvares Fagundes (1520) as he searched south of his fishing settlements in Newfoundland. In 1605, French colonists established the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada (and the first north of Florida) at Port Royal, founding what would become known as Acadia. The French, led by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de
History of Nova Scotia
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Thomas Nash (Newfoundland) Thomas Nash (1730 in Callan, County Kilkenny, Ireland – 1810 in Branch, Newfoundland Colony ) was an Irish Catholic fisherman who founded Branch, Newfoundland and Labrador. Nash immigrated from Ireland to Calvert, Newfoundland and Labrador, formerly known as Capelin Bay, around 1765. He was a planter and lived in an area of Calvert known as the Point and referred to as "Nashes Plantation". Local lore says that Thomas and his sons built a boat over the winter of 1765. Wintering over was not permitted in Newfoundland at that time however when discovered by the fishing admiral the
Thomas Nash (Newfoundland)
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were captured. As news spread of the raid Spanish fishing ships then tended to frequent the island’s south coast mainly on the Avalon peninsula, away from the English area of dominance. By the end of September however Drake had cleared this area of any Spanish and Portuguese ships and then sent some of his own ships back to England escorting the new prizes. His force raided a Spanish whaling and fishing base burning and capturing all the stores on the Burin Peninsula - other smaller locations in Placentia Bay too were destroyed. Soon the lack of prizes in the region
Newfoundland expedition (1585)
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was on d'Iberville's expedition against Pemaquid, an English fort on the northern frontier with Acadia. In this action he began a close association with the Abenaki war leader Escumbuit, who also joined Montigny on d'Iberville's Newfoundland campaign later in 1696, in which most of the English settlements on Newfoundland were destroyed. Montigny was given an independent command by d'Iberville, in which he traveled along the coast, destroying settlements and fishing stages as he went. Despite the destructive nature of the expedition, it had no long-lasting implications, as the English quickly returned, rebuilding and fortifying some of the settlements. Montigny was
Jacques Testard de Montigny
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the area was Captain Whittle, who had brought his family from Dorset, England, to Newfoundland. The area was named after them: Whittle's Bay. When Captain Whittle died, his widow and her children returned to England. Whittle's Bay (which was from then on "Whittles-less) eventually became Witless Bay. 1675, the population of Witless Bay is 34. 1700s, Irish fishing servants begin arriving in the area and quickly start to outnumber the English. 1755, as Roman Catholicism is still outlawed in Newfoundland, priests disguised as fishermen, minister to the spiritual needs of the community. 1836, the first official census of Newfoundland puts
Witless Bay
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with a total heating surface of . Her boilers were heated by 20 oil-fuelled corrugated furnaces with a grate surface of . Her boat deck had six lifeboats, mounted on Welin-Maclachlan davits. "Nova Scotia" joined "Newfoundland" on Furness, Withy's regular transatlantic mail route between Liverpool and Boston "via" St John's, Newfoundland and Halifax, Nova Scotia. Passengers included Roald Dahl, then aged 17, who in August 1934 was one of 50 public school boys who sailed from Liverpool on an expedition to Newfoundland of the recently founded Public Schools Exploring Society. Their passage to St John's took a week. After the
RMS Nova Scotia (1926)
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fishing boat "Andrea Gail" returns to port in Gloucester, Massachusetts, with a poor catch. Desperate for money, Captain Billy Tyne (Clooney) convinces the "Andrea Gail" crew to join him for one more late season fishing expedition. The crew heads out past their usual fishing grounds on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, leaving a developing tropical storm behind them. Initially unsuccessful, they head to the Flemish Cap, where their luck greatly improves. At the height of their fishing, the ice machine breaks; the only way to sell their catch before it spoils is to hurry back to shore. After debating whether
The Perfect Storm (film)
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local garrison of the "Royal Newfoundland Regiment", the "Royal Artillery", the "Royal Newfoundland Volunteers", aided by most able-bodied men, established a camp atop Signal Hill at the beginning of September. A boom was constructed across the harbour and three fire ships prepared. French Admiral Joseph de Richery, decided not to land after he saw this force, and after hovering in the area for several days, he chose instead to land at Bay Bulls, 18 miles south of St. John's, on 4 September. On 4 September the expedition entered the town of Bay Bulls, and there being no sufficient force to
Newfoundland expedition
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founded in 1517 during the early years of Francis' reign. The construction of a new port was urgently needed in order to replace the ancient harbours of Honfleur and Harfleur, whose utility had decreased due to silting. Le Havre was originally named "Franciscopolis" after the King who founded it, but this name did not survive into later reigns. In 1524, Francis assisted the citizens of Lyon in financing the expedition of Giovanni da Verrazzano to North America. On this expedition, Verrazzano visited the present site of New York City, naming it New Angoulême, and claimed Newfoundland for the French crown.
Francis I of France
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expedition around the coast of Newfoundland. At Scilly Cove he reported that there were four houses along with fishing structures as well as livestock, which were all destroyed before the soldiers departed. Settlers fled to the nearby forest to escape the invaders. Winterton, Newfoundland and Labrador Winterton is a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It was originally named Sille Cove or Scilly Cove. In 1912 the town was named Winterton for Sir James Spearman Winter, former Prime Minister of Newfoundland. Winterton is located on Winterton Cove off Trinity Bay on the western side of the Avalon
Winterton, Newfoundland and Labrador
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sides of the entrance to the Narrows and then marched them to and fro at Fort Amherst and below Signal Hill. Richery was handicapped by having no intelligence of the defenses of St. John's and no pilots for Newfoundland waters. He had to depend for information on John Morridge, master of a fishing ship belonging to Governor Wallace, who was one of the prisoners taken at Bay Bulls. Richery's huge fleet hove to off Cape Spear for a day observing the daunting sight. The next morning, Richery formed a battle line and drove for the harbour entrance. As they came
Newfoundland expedition
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Labrador to intercept the homeward-bound fishing fleet from Quebec while Admiral Richery remained near Cape Breton with four sail of the line and a frigate. On 27 September, Admiral Murray arrived at Halifax from Bermuda. Although the information presented to him was still confused, the apparent lack of transports and troops indicated that the expedition was a raid rather than a serious attempt to take Newfoundland. Two days later, Allemand stood away from the coast, and, as Richery had already done, steered homeward. On 5 November, Richery, with his division, entered the port of Rochefort, and on the 15th Allemand
Newfoundland expedition
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Epworth-Great Salmonier, Newfoundland and Labrador Epworth-Great Salmonier is a designated place on the Burin Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland. The area had a population of 211 in the Canada 2011 Census. The small community was once a thriving fishing village, but over the years it has declined just like the fishing industry. Besides scenic views, one main attraction of the community is the Epworth United Church, which recently celebrated its 100th anniversary. Its spacious interior was recently renovated, and erected outside is a monument commemorating the brave men of the community who lost their lives during the First World
Epworth-Great Salmonier, Newfoundland and Labrador
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the area and a station was built. In addition to the railway station, it also hosted a post office, a money order office, and one church. It functioned as a lumbering, fishing and farming settlement in what was known as the Harbour Main District. The population dwindled in the early 1900s as men began migrating to the eastern US (Boston and New York) to find work. Its first postmaster was Edward Kennedy who came to the area in 1889 after the railway was built. CN Rail abandoned its railway operations on Newfoundland in 1988 (see: Terra Transport). The Avondale railway
Avondale, Newfoundland and Labrador
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French population of Newfoundland was fairly small—only 180 French settlers left Newfoundland when the colony was abandoned in 1713. The French also had a small settlement on the island of Saint Pierre, just south of Newfoundland in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Its governor, Sébastien Le Gouès, Sieur de Sourdeval, had only arrived in July 1702, and erected a crude wooden fort armed with a few guns. Leake's fleet arrived in late August at Bay Bulls. From the inhabitants they learned that two French fishing ships were loading at Trepassey Bay, and that two French warships were at anchor near
Newfoundland expedition (1702)
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Virgin Rocks The Virgin Rocks are a series of rocky ridges just below the ocean surface on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. They rise to within 3.6 m of the surface and are a navigation hazard to oceangoing vessels in the North Atlantic. The rocks were first reported by Jorge Reinel circa 1516 — 1522 and are noted as good fishing grounds in the era of the schooner fleet. It was used as a rendezvous point for the banking fleets. In June 1964 an expedition sponsored by the Government of Newfoundland, Memorial University of Newfoundland and the College of Fisheries
Virgin Rocks
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John Leake, "I have proposed to the Prince, your going to command a squadron to Newfoundland; you will be a Chief of Squadron". Leake's commission, issued on 24 June, came with instructions to investigate the military strength of the French in Newfoundland, and to "annoy them there in their fishing harbours and at sea". He was also to convoy merchant ships in both directions, report on the conditions of the English settlements and fisheries, and act as governor of the territory while he was there. To accomplish this he was given command of and a small fleet of ships. On
Newfoundland expedition (1702)
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half of the final contract of wood was left behind. By the time the contract was completed Williams had definitely made up his mind not to continue with business in Newfoundland and Labrador any longer. Despite the very generous terms he was still claiming that the evidence entitled him to a fair settlement and he had been thinking about progressing into the fishing business in the area. He was very confident that the old Labrador crowd were ready to go back to work for him. However, in a press interview on 24 December 1945, he was quoted as saying that
John Osborn Williams
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Amherst Cove Amherst Cove is a Canadian community in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Located in the Bonavista, the community was founded prior to 1864. Fishing is or was the major industry and the nearest port of entry was nine miles away in Bonavista. By 1911 it had one hotel and one church. The population was 240 in 1911 and 279 by 1956. The community is broken into three distinct areas. There is a Lower, Middle and an Upper Amherst Cove. Each area is separated by approximately one kilometre. The loss of the fishery in Newfoundland due to the
Amherst Cove
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New World Island New World Island is an island in Notre Dame Bay, just off the coast of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The island is connected to Newfoundland by a causeway. The prominent communities on the island are Summerford, Virgin Arm, Hillgrade, Newville, Cobb's Arm and Herring Neck. There are also several small fishing villages on the western end of the island, and some of its land is set aside as Dildo Run Provincial Park. A prevailing theory holds that the island's name commemorates the 1523–24 expedition of Giovanni da Verrazzano that visited the coast
New World Island
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the appearance of "Labrador" on maps of the period. In 1501 and 1502 the Corte-Real brothers explored Newfoundland (Terra Nova) and Labrador claiming these lands as part of the Portuguese Empire. In 1506, King Manuel I of Portugal created taxes for the cod fisheries in Newfoundland waters. João Álvares Fagundes and Pêro de Barcelos established fishing outposts in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia around 1521 CE; however, these were later abandoned, with the Portuguese colonizers focusing their efforts on South America. The extent and nature of Portuguese activity on the Canadian mainland during the 16th century remains unclear and controversial. French
History of Canada
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and captured the most northerly settlement in New England, Pemaquid (Siege of Pemaquid (1696), 14 August). He then sailed east to Placentia, the French capital of Newfoundland, and began the Avalon Peninsula Campaign on 1 November. On this expedition he captured St. John's and ruined most of the English fishing villages. During four months of raids, Iberville was responsible for the destruction of 36 settlements. The Newfoundland campaign was one of the cruelest and most destructive of Iberville's career. Before he could consolidate his hold on Newfoundland, he was diverted north to capture York Factory for a second time during
Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
16102012
Island Cove, a tiny fishing village on the Great Northern Peninsula. At 16 years of age he founded "Flower's Island Museum". He added a Newfoundland-themed miniature golf course, gift shop and summer festival. The business operated until 2005, when Mitchelmore focused on completing his post-secondary education. After graduating from Canon Richards High School, Flower's Cove in 2003, Mitchelmore went on to complete a Bachelor of Commerce Honours (Co-op) from Memorial University of Newfoundland. His university experience enabled him to work for the Department of Innovation, Trade & Rural Development, Newfoundland & Labrador Board of Commissioners of Public Utilities (PUB) and
Christopher Mitchelmore
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August 1578 claimed another Elizabeth Island, in the Straits of Magellan. In 1579, he landed on the north coast of California, claiming the area for Elizabeth as "New Albion". However, these claims were not followed up by settlements. In 1578, while Drake was away on his circumnavigation, Queen Elizabeth granted a patent for overseas exploration to his half-brother Humphrey Gilbert, and that year Gilbert sailed for the West Indies to engage in piracy and to establish a colony in North America. However, the expedition was abandoned before the Atlantic had been crossed. In 1583, Gilbert sailed to Newfoundland, where in
English overseas possessions
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in the Newfoundland ports of St. John's and Harbour Grace, and many moved on to smaller outports on the coast of the Avalon Peninsula. By the 1780s, the Irish had become the dominant ethnic group in and around the St. John's area, in a population of about 3,200. Many were engaged in fishing and had little formal education. Many were servants who came to Newfoundland alone, but others had families, in which the labour of women and children was essential. Most families had a small plot of land. By 1815 the Irish in Newfoundland numbered over 19,000. Emigration was encouraged
Irish language in Newfoundland
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ship was named for Len Cowley, a Newfoundland biologist who served with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans as assistant deputy minister. From 1974 to 1981, Len Cowley was a regional director general for Newfoundland. After being employed by the department for 22 years, Len Cowley died in 1982. The ship is registered in Ottawa, Ontario and homeported at St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. At the height of the Turbot War in June 1994, a dispute between Canada and the European Union over fishing rights, "Leonard J. Cowley" was tasked with monitoring the European fishing fleet on the Grand Banks.
CCGS Leonard J. Cowley
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Oderin Island (Newfoundland and Labrador) Oderin Island is an island in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in western Placentia Bay, located about 30 km northeast of Marystown. Oderin was originally settled by the French who considered it an important fishing post and had fortified it against the English. The name was originally Audierne, named after a town in France. In 1712, the French authorities in Placentia ordered all the buildings and fishing premises to be burned or destroyed, in part to deny to English the use of the site but also as retribution against the local French merchant Lafosse
Oderin Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)
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the area. The "Marion" expedition observations demonstrated that pack ice had a direct influence on the drift of icebergs. Heavy pack ice along the Newfoundland and Labrador shelf waters prevented icebergs from being carried to shore and forced them to enter shipping lanes to the south. Little ice on the shelves allowed the icebergs to ground on the Newfoundland coast, where they were harmless. The expedition was the beginning of a long involvement by the Coast Guard in Greenland and its surrounding waters. Since "Marion" had originally been designed specifically for prohibition enforcement service, after the specialized oceanographic equipment was
USCGC Marion (WSC-145)
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as a consequence of the attacks suffered in this area, or for other reasons, the whales migrated to other places. Whale hunters from Lapurdi therefore crossed the Atlantic Ocean in pursuit of them, and they spent some time in the Labrador Peninsula and in Newfoundland. Later, instead of hunting whales, they started cod fishing in Newfoundland. A century later, due to the ban on fishing off the coasts of America and the steely competence of English and Dutch fishermen, the number of fishing boats from Biarritz diminished and nowadays, the Biarritz fishing industry in these areas has come to an
Biarritz
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the Gulf of St. Lawrence and also created a settlement on Cape Breton Island to serve as a base for cod fishing. Pressure from natives and competing European fisheries prevented a permanent establishment and was abandoned five years later. Several attempts to establish settlements in Newfoundland over the next half-century also failed. Within a few years after Cabral arrived from Brazil, competition came along from France. In 1503, an expedition under the command of Gonçalo Coelho reported French raids on the Brazilian coasts, and explorer Binot Paulmier de Gonneville traded for brazilwood after making contact in southern Brazil a year
Portuguese Empire
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two ships to Newfoundland in an early colonization attempt, including Jehan Denis and Thomas Aubert as captain of the "Pensée". Their arrival in 1508 is the second recorded voyage of a French ship to the Grand Banks after the expedition of John Cabot. After his father's death (probably in the final years of the reign of King Louis XII), the younger Jean Ango stopped any personal participation in trading voyages and settled in Dieppe with his inherited fortune. He eventually controlled a fleet, partially or alone, of 70 ships, including merchant ships and fishing vessels. Although he funded expeditions for
Jean Ango
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Harrington Harbour, Quebec Harrington Harbour is an unconstituted locality (as defined by Statistics Canada in the Canada 2011 Census) within the municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. Its population in the 2011 census was 261. Harrington Harbour was founded near the end of the 19th century by fishermen from Newfoundland. The primary activity is commercial fishing for crabs, lobster, turbot, halibut, and cod. Harrington Harbour was named after Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Harrington. It is also known locally as "Hospital Island", from its earlier role as a medical centre for the area. Local tradition claims
Harrington Harbour, Quebec
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Church. Aspey cove, a small fishing settlement in the Twillingate and Fogo district. The population in 1871 was 14. § John Robinson, Fisherman § Robert Shelly, Fisherman Aspen Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador Aspen Cove is a small fishing community in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Formerly called Aspey or Apsey Cove, Aspen Cove was named for the presence of aspen trees in the area. It first appears in the 1857 "Census" as Apsey Cove with a population of thirteen, all dependent on the salmon fishery. By the 1870s more families moved to Aspen Cove for the cod and
Aspen Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador
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settlers there from the area around Waterford, Ireland. The river valleys of the Cape Shore are relatively fertile areas suitable for types of small-scale farming, a rarity in Newfoundland, and communities like St. Bride's and Angels Cove were originally settled as farming communities, not fishing communities like most settlements in Newfoundland. To this day, commercial sheep, dairy, and vegetable farms are in operation on the Cape Shore. However, the Cape Shore is adjacent to what were some of the richest fishing grounds in the world, as exhibited in the old Newfoundland saying "Cape St. Mary's pays for all" (meaning, losses
Cape Shore
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the expedition. Returning downriver in late October, D'Albertis again had several affrays with indigenous people killing at least seven. In one of these battles, D'Albertis decided to "let them have it, and their blood be on their own heads". After this encounter he became extremely wary, ordering every native canoe to be shot at on sight. During this trip, as with the others, D'Albertis regularly engaged in dynamite fishing, claiming that "I think dynamite is..the best means to use, especially among coral reefs". Once back in the Torres Strait, two other deserters from his expedition brought charges against D'Albertis for
Luigi D'Albertis
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Admirals Beach Admirals Beach is a rural community located in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Previously spelled Admiral's Beach, it is a fishing port located on the island of Newfoundland; specifically it is along a point of land in the southern Avalon Peninsula near Great Colinet Island fronting St. Mary's Bay. The community was incorporated in January 1968. Good fishing grounds and a sheltered cove attracted the first settlers to the area. The town is part of Division 1 and is bounded by St. Mary's Bay and the unorganized area Subdivision W. Nearby communities include St. Joseph's, Riverhead and St. Mary's.
Admirals Beach
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their cargoes and trade goods that had not been loaded before they were taken, were destroyed. Six French settlements were destroyed: Trepassey, St. Mary's, Colinet, Great and Little St. Lawrence, and Saint Pierre. Upon his return to England, Leake was received with favour by Queen Anne. He was promoted to rear admiral for his actions, and went on to have a distinguished career for the rest of the war, serving in European waters. Newfoundland continued to be contested throughout the war, with each side waging economic war against the other's settlements, destroying fishing stages and other infrastructure. The main English
Newfoundland expedition (1702)
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which resulted in extensive damage to transatlantic cables and generated a rare Atlantic tsunami that struck the south coast of Newfoundland and eastern Cape Breton Island, claiming 28 lives in the Burin Peninsula. Technological advances in fishing such as large factory ships and sonar, as well as geopolitical disputes over territorial sea and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries, have led to overfishing and a serious decline in the fish stocks of the Grand Banks from around 1990. Canada's EEZ currently occupies the majority of the Grand Banks except for the lucrative "nose" (eastern extremity, near the Flemish Cap) and "tail"
Grand Banks of Newfoundland
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Pouch Island, Newfoundland and Labrador Pouch Island was once a fishing community on isolated island in Newfoundland, in northern Bonavista Bay situated about 5 km east of Wesleyville. The settlement is now abandoned. The earliest reference to Pouch Island was in an 1803 parish record which records a John Dick living on the island. There are also records from missionaries who visited the area to perform services. For example, a missionary visited in 1830 and baptized eight people with the names of Dick and Sainsbury. Later names that came to Pouch Island also included Cooze and Dyke. The people on
Pouch Island, Newfoundland and Labrador
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elders (born in the 1850s and 1860s) would have settled the area with their parents. Black Duck Pond is a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador. Blow Me Down is a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador. Blow Me Down is small fishing settlement on the north side of Conception Bay, district of Brigus. It is situated on the point of land that separates Bay Roberts from Portdegrave Bay. Distant from Portdegrave by road 3 miles. Mail weekly. Population 60. The village was named by Captain Cook, who circumvented and chartered NFLD, and wintered on the west coast. Hibb's Cove had a
Division No. 1, Subdivision L, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Freshwater, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador Freshwater is a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador on Placentia Bay. Placentia was originally settled by the French in the 1630s that fishing settlement was called Petit Plaisance, meaning "Pleasant Little Place". The name was retained in English (Little Placentia) when the French lost control of the area following the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Some residents of Argentia and Marquise -- who were displaced when the land under their villages was traded to the United States under "Lend-lease" for construction of a military base under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement -- resettled in
Freshwater, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Freshwater. Freshwater, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador Freshwater is a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador on Placentia Bay. Placentia was originally settled by the French in the 1630s that fishing settlement was called Petit Plaisance, meaning "Pleasant Little Place". The name was retained in English (Little Placentia) when the French lost control of the area following the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Some residents of Argentia and Marquise -- who were displaced when the land under their villages was traded to the United States under "Lend-lease" for construction of a military base under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement -- resettled
Freshwater, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
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given exclusive rights to fish in an area known as The French Shore, which this area is part of. At Point Riche, The French Shore Treaty monument is erected to commemorate this historic event in Newfoundland history. Known as the "fishing capital" of Western Newfoundland, it boasts a large fishing fleet, a modern shrimp processing plant, Federal Fisheries Offices, Parks Canada Visitor Reception Centre, restaurants, motel, RV Park, modern sports complex, bank, as well as other financial institutions and government services. Port au Choix is an amalgamation of three once separate communities - Old Port au Choix, Gargamelle Cove and
Port au Choix
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of the most prominent and progressive fishing communities in the province. Port de Grave is still recognized as a very prominent fishing centre today in spite of the 1992 cod moratorium. Port de Grave, Newfoundland and Labrador Port de Grave is a peninsula on Conception Bay (CB) in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The peninsula contains the communities of Bareneed, Black Duck Pond, Otterbury, Ship Cove, Blow Me Down, Hibb's Cove, Pick Eyes, and Hussey's Cove with a population of approximately 975 (2006). This community is located in the provincial electoral district of Port de Grave. An unincorporated area, for statistics
Port de Grave, Newfoundland and Labrador
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camping and with offroad enthusiasts. Burin, Newfoundland and Labrador Burin is a town on the Burin Peninsula in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The Burin Peninsula is often affectionately nicknamed "The Boot" due to its resemblance to the footwear when seen on a map, with the town of Burin located near the "heel". Burin is approximately 318 km from the capital of St. John's. Settlement in Burin dates to the early 18th century, although documentary evidence indicates that French fishermen had been fishing and exploring the area even earlier. Burin was settled as a fishing community, with the earliest
Burin, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Burin, Newfoundland and Labrador Burin is a town on the Burin Peninsula in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The Burin Peninsula is often affectionately nicknamed "The Boot" due to its resemblance to the footwear when seen on a map, with the town of Burin located near the "heel". Burin is approximately 318 km from the capital of St. John's. Settlement in Burin dates to the early 18th century, although documentary evidence indicates that French fishermen had been fishing and exploring the area even earlier. Burin was settled as a fishing community, with the earliest known evidence of settlement being
Burin, Newfoundland and Labrador
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and pidgin Basque, the dialect many Aboriginals used for trading purposes. He was originally engaged by the Portuguese as a translator, having learned their language quickly. It was thought that his skills would be valuable in future cartography expeditions to the New World. As early as 1499 João Fernandes Lavrador explored Greenland and the north Atlantic coast of Canada. The following year brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real explored what is today the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and Greenland, claiming these lands for Portugal. João Álvares Fagundes and Pêro de Barcelos established fishing outposts in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
Mathieu da Costa
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the proceeding decades, resulting in the English and Scottish settlers in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and the southern Thirteen Colonies to vastly outnumber the French population approximately ten to one by the 1750s. From 1670, through the Hudson's Bay Company, the English also laid claim to Hudson Bay and its drainage basin known as Rupert's Land establishing new trading posts and forts, while continuing to operate fishing settlements in Newfoundland. French expansion along the Canadian canoe routes challenged the Hudson's Bay Company claims, and in 1686, Pierre Troyes led an overland expedition from Montreal to the shore of the bay, where
History of Canada
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Crown of England. To that end, in 1499 and 1500, the Portuguese mariner João Fernandes Lavrador visited the northeast Atlantic coast and Greenland, which accounts for the appearance of "Labrador" on topographical maps of the period. Subsequently, in 1501 and 1502, the Corte-Real brothers explored and charted Greenland and what is today the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, claiming these lands as part of fortnight the Portuguese Empire. Fragmentary evidence also suggests a previous expedition in 1473 by João Vaz Corte-Real, their father, with other Europeans, to "Terra Nova do Bacalhau" ("Newfoundland of the Codfish") in North America. The
Portuguese colonization of the Americas
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by 1874. The population continued to decline until the community was abandoned sometime after 1911. Garia, Newfoundland and Labrador Garia was a small town located in Garia Bay on the south coast of Newfoundland and Labrador. The origin of the town's name is probably from the French word 'gare'. The first record of the existence of this community was in 1765 when James Cook recorded one fishing stage in the area. The first record of permanent inhabitants was in the 1836 census when 12 inhabitants were living in the town. The population peaked in 1869 at 195. In 1873 approximately
Garia, Newfoundland and Labrador
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the North Sea and Newfoundland. The Basques began cod-fishing and later whaling in Labrador and Newfoundland as early as the first half of the 16th century. In Europe, the rudder seems to have been a Basque invention, to judge from three masted ships depicted in a 12th-century fresco in Estella (Navarre; "Lizarra" in Basque), and also seals preserved in Navarrese and Parisian historical archives which show similar vessels. The first mention of use of a rudder was referred to as steering "à la Navarraise" or "à la Bayonnaise". Magellan's expedition was manned on departure by 200 sailors, at least 35
History of the Basques
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Grand Bruit, Newfoundland and Labrador Grand Bruit (; means "great noise" in French) was a Canadian fishing community on the southwestern coast of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It was founded in the early 19th century. As of 2010 it is no longer inhabited. Located east of Channel-Port aux Basques, Grand Bruit was experiencing depopulation related to changing economic and demographic conditions in rural Newfoundland, in particular the collapse of the Newfoundland cod fisheries in the early 1990s. , the last remaining residents of Grand Bruit accepted the provincial government's offer of $80,000 per household ($90,000 offered to households
Grand Bruit, Newfoundland and Labrador
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remaining families was resettled under the Centralization Program by the Newfoundland government. Connaigre, Newfoundland and Labrador Connaigre was a small fishing community located on the southern tip of the Connaigre Peninsula of the south coast of the Island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Connaigre was listed as Cap Negre (Cape Negro) in the "Census of French Population and Agriculture, 1686" with a total population of seventy-two. It was the second largest French fishing station after Plaisance. Connaigre was also called Great Harbour in the 1763 census, with 5 inhabitants and twenty-eight servants recorded. In 1836
Connaigre, Newfoundland and Labrador
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located close to excellent fishing and birding areas and has agricultural potential. Formerly called Bassett's Harbour, this fishing and lumbering community was named Frederickton after 1901. Early inhabitants came from Fogo Island to use Muddy Hole's resources during the winter season, such as its forest, unoccupied lands, abundant wildlife, and fishing and birding grounds. Muddy Hole first appears in the 1845 "Census" with a population of 45; by 1857 the population had reached 150. The growth in Muddy Hole was its advantageous location for the seal hunt and cod fishery. By the 1950s Frederickton was a lobster-fishing area with some
Frederickton, Newfoundland and Labrador
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a "Wôpanâak"-based school. Baird has compiled a 10,000-word dictionary from university collections of colonial documents in "Wôpanâak," as well as a grammar, collections of stories, and other books. Early contacts between the Wampanoag and colonists date from the 16th century when European merchant vessels and fishing boats traveled along the coast of New England. Captain Thomas Hunt captured several Wampanoag in 1614 and sold them in Spain as slaves. A Patuxet named Tisquantum (or Squanto) was bought by Spanish monks who attempted to convert him before setting him free. He accompanied an expedition to Newfoundland as an interpreter, then made
Wampanoag
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his landing is unknown but the 500th anniversary of his landing was commemorated in Bonavista, Newfoundland. The 1497 voyage has generated much debate among historians, with various points in Newfoundland, and Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, most often identified as the likely landing place. Fishing vessels with Basque, English, Portuguese, French and Spanish crews started to make seasonal expeditions . Basque vessels had been fishing cod shoals off Newfoundland's coasts since the beginning of the 16th century, and their crews used the natural harbour at Placentia. French fishers also began to use the area. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, provided with
History of Newfoundland and Labrador
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maps of the period. Subsequently, in 1501 and 1502 the Corte-Real brothers explored and charted Greenland and the coasts of present-day Newfoundland and Labrador, claiming these lands as part of the Portuguese Empire. Whether or not the Corte-Reals expeditions were also inspired by or continuing the alleged voyages of their father, João Vaz Corte-Real (with other Europeans) in 1473, to "Terra Nova do Bacalhau" ("Newfoundland of the Codfish"), remains controversial, as the 16th century accounts of the 1473 expedition differ considerably. In 1520–1521, João Álvares Fagundes was granted donatary rights to the inner islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Conquistador
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different types of plants and animals. There are numerous scenic places to visit. Quidi Vidi was known for once being a historic fishing village. It was active after World War II for the construction of Pepperrell Air Force Base. Field work near Quidi Vidi Lake began on October 15, 1940. During April and May, 1941 the Newfoundland Base Contractors' personnel began arriving, and construction was taken over by their organization. The Quidi Vidi Brewery is a main attraction to the neighbourhood. Since being founded in 1996 by David Fong and David Rees, the independent brewery has provided Newfoundland with exceptional
Quidi Vidi
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victim to the hurricane. The "Joyce Smith" was carrying 22 men (mostly from Newfoundland) and it and the "Walters" were fishing off the coast of Sable Island at the time of the hurricane. The last sighting of the two fishing boats was from the crew of the "Marshall Frank" off Sable Island. Newspaper reports suggested that both fishing boats did not survive the storm and all 43 crewmen perished at sea. The "Mahala", another fishing schooner, was also listed among the ships missing after the hurricane. A search in the area where the ship was reported missing turned up nothing
1927 Nova Scotia hurricane
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any vessels that were impeding their fishing activities. To minimize this interference in their own fishery, the Newfoundland Assembly introduced the first Bait Act in 1886, making it illegal to sell bait to French fishermen, but Britain refused to give its required agreement until this act was modified in 1887. This Act and subsequent variations did not appreciably curtail the fishing activities of the French, who were able to find alternative supplies. During the 1890s, after Canadian interference led Britain to veto a trade agreement with the United States, Newfoundland tried to use Bait Act provisions to influence and regulate
Bait Act
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route and rich fishing grounds account for the large number of wrecks. The first recorded wreck was the English ship "Delight" in 1583, part of Humphrey Gilbert's Newfoundland expedition. It is likely that the construction of lighthouses on each end of the island in 1873 contributed to the decrease in shipwrecks. The last major shipwreck was the steamship "Manhasset" in 1947. Her crew were all saved, the last significant rescue of the Sable lifesaving station. No further wrecks occurred until 1999 when the three crew members of the yacht "Merrimac" survived after their sloop ran aground due to a navigational
Sable Island
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destructive expedition led by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1696. Many outlying English communities were destroyed by Subercase's men, leading to reprisal raids by the English. Fishing activities on both sides suffered for the duration of the war, which ended with the French cession of its claims to Newfoundland. The island of Newfoundland had been contested territory between France and England for some time before Queen Anne's War broke out in 1702. French raids during King William's War in the 1690s had completely destroyed almost all of the English settlements, including the principal port of St. John's, located on the
Siege of St. John's
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Indigenous peoples of the Americas in the region. Unfortunately, the expedition resulted in the death and decapitation of two marines at their hands. In 1813 "Adonis" and the frigate escorted the Newfoundland fishing fleet back to Britain. The voyage was stormy and the vessels separated near the English Channel. "Adonis" regained the convoy but as they approached the Scilly Islands they encountered a French fleet. "Adonis" was too small meaningfully to defend the convoy and in fact only escaped by jettisoning all her guns. The 1818 Spitzbergen expedition was nearly the first the many Arctic expeditions that followed the Napoleonic
David Buchan
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Indian Bay Indian Bay (Parsons Point) is located in Newfoundland, Canada. Situated on the northwest arm of Bonavista Bay, Indian Bay was until the late 19th century the only mainland community located between Salvage and Greenspond. Indian Bay was once called Parsons Point, after its first settlers, and Northwest Arm. Europeans first came to Indian Bay in the 18th century to fish for salmon. In 1720 George Skeffington was salmon fishing there and by 1786 there were eight salmon operations in the area. Permanent settlement began after 1800. The 1836 "Census" of Newfoundland records Indian Bay as having a population
Indian Bay
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which had taken three prizes the day before. Ordering "Montagu", "Lichfield", and "Charles Galley" to make for Colinet, Leake took the rest of the fleet to St. Mary's, where he chased a ship aground, and then sent out boats to refloat her. Landing parties were sent ashore, where they destroyed fishing stages, houses, shipbuilding equipment and unfinished ships, and many small boats. After destroying the facilities at Colinet, the fleet regrouped on the 30th. Leake ordered a few of his ships to escort the captured prizes to St. John's, and then to cruise off Cape Race for 14 days looking
Newfoundland expedition (1702)
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on Gilbert's expedition which ended up with Gilbert himself being drowned in a later wreck (The one of "Squirrel"). The disaster contributed to the temporary abandonment of the English settlement in Newfoundland. "Delight" is the first recorded shipwreck off Sable Island. The wreck lies approx. 10 meters deep near Sable Island. English ship Delight (1583) Delight was an English sailing ship that ran aground off Sable Island, while she was on Sir Humphrey Gilbert's expedition with HMS Squirrel to Newfoundland, Canada. "Delight" and "Squirrel" left England in 1583 to take part in Sir Humphrey Gilbert's expedition to Newfoundland, Canada. After
English ship Delight (1583)
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Connaigre, Newfoundland and Labrador Connaigre was a small fishing community located on the southern tip of the Connaigre Peninsula of the south coast of the Island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Connaigre was listed as Cap Negre (Cape Negro) in the "Census of French Population and Agriculture, 1686" with a total population of seventy-two. It was the second largest French fishing station after Plaisance. Connaigre was also called Great Harbour in the 1763 census, with 5 inhabitants and twenty-eight servants recorded. In 1836 census the population was forty-three. In 1954 the entire community of twelve
Connaigre, Newfoundland and Labrador
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did "authentic" information reach England, when it was learned that the French admiral had given up the larger plan of an assault on St. John's and had left the coast on 29 September. On 4 September the French squadron entered Bay Bulls. The town surrendered on their approach. Admiral Richery plundered and destroyed the entire settlement and shipping, including the fishing-stages, driving the inhabitants into the woods. 57 buildings and 47 fishing ships were captured along with more than 400 prisoners. On 5 September, Richery detached Adm. Zacharie Jacques Théodore Comte Allemand, to raid the Bay of Castles (Labrador) with
Newfoundland expedition
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Newfoundland expedition The Newfoundland expedition (French: "Expédition à Terre-Neuve", Spanish: "Expedición a Terranova") was a series of fleet manoeuvres and amphibious landings in the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador and Saint Pierre and Miquelon carried out by the combined French and Spanish fleets during the French Revolutionary Wars. This expedition, composed of seven ships of the line and three frigates under the orders of Rear-Admiral Richery sailed from Cadiz in August 1796 accompanied by a much stronger Spanish squadron, commanded by General Solano, which had the aim of escorting it to the coast of Newfoundland. On 28 August 1796 this combined
Newfoundland expedition
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in October 1805, but declined again during the Anglo-American war of 1812–14. The Spanish novelist Arturo Pérez-Reverte cites this expedition in one of his works, "Cabo Trafalgar: un relato naval". Newfoundland expedition The Newfoundland expedition (French: "Expédition à Terre-Neuve", Spanish: "Expedición a Terranova") was a series of fleet manoeuvres and amphibious landings in the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador and Saint Pierre and Miquelon carried out by the combined French and Spanish fleets during the French Revolutionary Wars. This expedition, composed of seven ships of the line and three frigates under the orders of Rear-Admiral Richery sailed from Cadiz in August
Newfoundland expedition
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HMS "Berwick" in January 1701. He took command of the first-rate HMS "Britannia", flagship of the Earl of Pembroke, on an expedition to Cádiz in January 1702, and then transferred to the command of the second-rate HMS "Association" in June 1702. Promoted to commodore on 24 June 1702, Leake became Commander-in-Chief, Newfoundland, with his broad pennant in the fourth-rate HMS "Exeter". He sailed with eight ships with orders to attack the French fishing harbours and their ships at sea at this early stage of the North American theatre of the War of the Spanish Succession. In this expedition 51 enemy
John Leake
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for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as hope for the settlement. Low Point is an unincorporated town in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada located on a spit of land overlooking a small bay called Bay de Verde Bight. Low Point is a fishing village that has experienced resettlement over a longer period as residents moved to larger areas. Ochre Pit Cove is located in Conception Bay in the Bay de Verde area. The community derives its name from the red colour of its soil which is caused by its high iron content. The area was originally inhabited by
Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador
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wooded area, the North Island is smaller, mostly barren. It is located in Notre Dame Bay, on the northeast coast of the island of Newfoundland. The community was first established as a series of random settlements around the islands tied to seasonal fishing activity which developed into a cohesive community. The first European settlers arrived sometime in the mid-18th century to fish. The residents of Change Islands have preserved many of their traditional homes, stages, and stores (fishing sheds); many of these landmarks are disappearing in much of coastal Newfoundland and Labrador with the collapse of the ground fishery. There
Change Islands
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Port Kirwan Port Kirwan is a small incorporated fishing community located on the southern shore of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. The community so named after a Reverend Mother Mary Bernard Kirwan, foundress of Presentation Sisters of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1853. The community is located on the area known as The Irish Loop. The Irish Loop comprises many unique and culturally rich communities that show vast dialect, culture, and the way of life of their ancestors from Ireland showed them. Incorporated in 1965 as Port Kirwan, from the early 18th century to 1960 the community was originally known as
Port Kirwan
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people. For a time, Ann was known as the 'Grace Darling of Newfoundland', after the Englishwoman who, with her father, saved seamen wrecked on the Northumberland coast. Ann died in Port aux Basques in 1860. She was 49 years old. On July 17, 1987, the Canadian Coast Guard Ship "Ann Harvey" was commissioned in memory of Ann's heroic deeds. Ann Harvey Ann Harvey (1811–1860) was a fisher and rescuer born near the small fishing community of Isle aux Morts, Newfoundland. Harvey, called "Grace Darling of Newfoundland", is known for her bravery at the young age of seventeen for rescuing, along
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pain that tormented them and went to the sand grounds and the ocean with a sad outcry and painful praying." The fishermen, who traveled to Newfoundland fishing cod, told stories of Eskimo women in loved by Povoan fishermen, shipwrecks, the visits to Saint John's and lost boats in the middle of the ocean, half true and half legend. The fishermen of the region are known to fish in Newfoundland since 1506. The legend of Lady of Varzim ("Senhora de Varzim"), a 13th-century icon that appeared miraculously in the area of Largo das Dores (old town's square) over a rock with
Culture of Póvoa de Varzim
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Gull Island is also the location of the "Big Sprout", a waterfall approximately 100 ft. in height, located halfway up Gull Island hill (West). Job's Cove ( ) a small fishing village on the north side of Conception Bay on the Bay de Verde Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The community of Job's Cove for the most part is on gently sloping area much higher than the coast where the wharf and fishing boats are kept. The Droke, a very steep ravine (a valley from the road to the beach) is one of the outstanding geological features in this
Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador
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the island of Newfoundland. The community of Burnt Point for the most part is on gently sloping area much higher than the coast where the wharf and fishing boats were kept. Daniel's Cove is a resettled fishing village on the northwest tip of the Bay de Verde Peninsula nestled in a valley halfway between Grates Cove and Old Perlican. Daniel's Cove lies in two small valleys treed with two rivers running through it, and it is probable that it was settled about the same time as Old and New Perlican in the late 18th century. The economic base for this
Division No. 1, Subdivision G, Newfoundland and Labrador
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was located on the "French Shore" area of Newfoundland, and was likely visited by French fishing crews in the early 16th century, there is no evidence that the French ever settled in Tilting. The style of fishery practised by the French did not require them to have permanent bases on land, but they did use temporary shore stations to process fish. The French also spent time on shore in order to collect wood and water, to wait out storms, and to repair their fishing craft. Local oral history indicates that Tilting was a French harbour before becoming a venue of
Tilting, Newfoundland and Labrador
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most fishing was carried out in local waters, for cod and lobster. Fishermen began selling their catches fresh, while a few acquired longliners in the early 1960s, after a small fish plant opened at Gooseberry Cove. Southport became one of the principal centres in Newfoundland for the production of salted or pickled turbot and also developed a mackerel bar seine fishery in the 1960s, with much of this product being pickled and sold to West Indian markets. However, some left the fishery altogether, finding wage labour at Come by Chance or in the Clarenville area—which had an increasing role as
Southport, Newfoundland and Labrador
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has three cemeteries. One of the communities first settlers was William Hogan, an Irish merchant. Since the 19th century, Northern Bay's population has remained relatively constant with some out-migration but a steady birthrate. The economy was mostly based on fishing and subsistence agriculture throughout the 19th and early 20th century. A horse named after the area took part in the 1987 English Grand National Steeplechase, finishing the race in ninth place Myths, legends and folklore were once very important in rural Newfoundland, but today are little more than entertainment. One folk tale that continues in the culture of Northern Bay
Northern Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Harry's Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador Harry's Harbour is a village located southwest of Baie Verte, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The Way office was established in 1889. The first Waymaster was Robert Howard. It had a population of 199 in 1940 and 192 in 1956. Harry's Harbour boasts a beautiful bay and an underground fishing industry. Freake is a popular last name for the area. Harry's Harbour was not in the General Census of Newfoundland for the years 1836, 1845 or 1857. It appeared for the first time in 1874, in the District of Twillingate – #65. It is assumed that
Harry's Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador