to vote an election a person should be above the age of
18
3069614
than 18. Except for the express limitations provided for in Amendments XIV, XV, XIX and XXVI, voter qualifications for House and Senate elections are largely delegated to the States under Article I, Section 2 and Amendment XVII of the United States Constitution, which respectively state that "The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and "the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature"." and "The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
Voting age
3771898
of the voters list every 5 years. An additional summary revision is conducted every year. Apart from this, citizens can request their inclusion in the voters list by applying through Form 6. If the application is valid, the applicant's name will get included in the list. At 18 years old, completed person should be eligible for voter list (for Indian citizens only). In Israel, all citizens who are 18 years of age or older on election day are automatically registered to vote. In Italy, all municipalities have a registry of residents and a registry of eligible voters.This is revised every
Voter registration
3069622
No political party had decreed that its members should all follow the party line about lowering voting age policy, resulting in public differences of view. Most parties had splits in their members and supporters, taking different sides. Voting age A voting age is a minimum age established by law that a person must attain before they become eligible to vote in a public election. Today, the most common voting age is 18 years; however, voting ages as low as 16 and as high as 25 currently exist (see list below). Most countries have set a minimum voting age, often set
Voting age
3069590
Voting age A voting age is a minimum age established by law that a person must attain before they become eligible to vote in a public election. Today, the most common voting age is 18 years; however, voting ages as low as 16 and as high as 25 currently exist (see list below). Most countries have set a minimum voting age, often set in their constitution. In a number of countries voting is compulsory for those eligible to vote, while in most it is optional. When the right to vote was being established in democracies, the voting age was generally
Voting age
842468
civil death) or one related to election or public office. Most countries or regions set a minimum voting age, and disenfranchise all citizens younger than this age. The most common voting age is 18, though some countries have minimum voting ages set as young as 16 or as old as 21. Disfranchisement Disfranchisement (also called disenfranchisement) is the revocation of the right of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or through practices, prevention of a person exercising the right to vote. Disfranchisement is also termed to the revocation of power or control of a
Disfranchisement
15108680
generated online and submitted to the nearest electoral office. As of now, India does not have an absentee ballot system. Section 19 of The Representation of the People Act (RPA)-1950 allows a person to register to vote if he or she is above 18 years of age and is an ‘ordinary resident’ of the residing constituency i.e. living at the current address for 6 months or longer. Section 20 of the above Act disqualifies a non-resident Indian (NRI) from getting his/her name registered in the electoral rolls. Consequently, it also prevents an NRI from casting his/her vote in elections to
Elections in Bihar
9514575
a person must be 16 years old or over (but they cannot vote in some elections until they are 18) and resident (usually live) in the UK. In addition, a person must be a British, Irish or European Union citizen, or a Commonwealth citizen who has leave to remain in the UK or who does not require such leave. A person can register at any time of the year. To register, electors should have a fixed address. If an elector wishes to register to vote, but has no fixed address, they may be able to register to vote by completing
Electoral registration in the United Kingdom
8350652
register, once registered they are submitted to compulsory voting like Cyprus citizens. EU voters may not stand for election as mayor or chairman of the council and, if elected to the local council, they may not hold the office of deputy mayor or deputy chairman. Article 9(2) of the 2004 Law on Election of Members to the European Parliament (N.10(I)/2004) allows EU residents to vote and be candidate at the European Parliament elections. (EU member) In December 2001, voting rights in local elections were approved for ""any natural person who has reached the age of 18, is a citizen of
Right of foreigners to vote
4362780
elections are intended to be held for the election of a village chief, who holds a lot of power and influence traditionally in rural society. Many of these multi-candidate elections were successful, involving candidate debates, formal platforms, and the initiation of secret ballot boxes. The suffrage was not universal, with eligible citizens above age 18 having the right to vote and be elected. Such an election comprises usually over no more than 2000 voters, and the first-past-the-post system is used in determining the winner, with no restriction on political affiliation. The elections, held every three years, are always supervised by
Elections in China
19378595
Elections in North Dakota Statewide elections in North Dakota occur every two years. Most executive offices and all legislators are elected to four-year terms, with half the terms expiring on Presidential election years, and the other half of the offices expiring on mid-term election years. North Dakota is the only state without a voter registration process. Any person over the age of 18 who has lived in a precinct for three or more months may vote in local, state, and federal elections without registration. In order to vote, however, a person must bring identification of a type pre-selected by the
Elections in North Dakota
7408436
to be filled, and vacancies are filled by substitutes. They serve five year terms, and the most recent election was in 2015. To be eligible to vote in Benin, a person must be at least 18 years old, a Beninese citizen, fully possess civil and political rights, and not be convicted of a crime that merits a punishment of three months in prison, in contempt of court, or have an undischarged bankruptcy. Each candidate for the Assembly must be at least 25 years of age, a resident of Benin for at least a year, and a Beninese citizen by birth
National Assembly (Benin)
15921450
photo ID (passport, identity card, or drivers license (a passport or ID is compulsory from the age of 14)). Such photo ID may be expired but not by more than five years. Voting in Norway is voluntary for citizens 18 years or older (16 in some municipalities). Every person who is eligible to vote are sent a polling card in the mail a while before the election. The polling card recommends the closest voting location to you, but you are not required to vote there, but you are required to vote within your municipality. The polling card contains the date(s)
Voter Identification laws
2445575
across the country and 2 members are appointed by the President of India from the Anglo-Indian Community. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion or race, who is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the Lok Sabha. The Constitution provides that the maximum strength of the House be 552 members. It has a term of five years. To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt
Parliament of India
4251150
Bundestag. Elections can be held earlier in exceptional constitutional circumstances: for example, were the Chancellor to lose a vote of confidence in the Bundestag, then, during a grace period before the Bundestag can vote in a replacement Chancellor, the Chancellor could request the Federal President to dissolve the Bundestag and hold elections. Should the Bundestag be dismissed before the four-year period has ended, elections must be held within 100 days. The exact date of the election is chosen by the President and must be a Sunday or public holiday. German nationals over the age of 18 who have resided in
Elections in Germany
14814733
writs for an election. In the context of the 2010 election, under the previous system a person could enroll to vote by Monday 26 July. After the 2006 amendments a person only had until 8 pm, Monday 19 July AEST to enroll to vote. The first plaintiff, Shannen Rowe, could have enrolled to vote once she turned 18 on 16 June 2010 but had not done so at the time the election was announced. Her enrolment form was lodged on Friday, 23 July 2010. Under the old system Ms Rowe would have been enrolled to vote. Under the 2006 amendments
Rowe v Electoral Commissioner
1459462
June throughout the entire European Union; the exact day of the election varies by country according to local tradition, thus in Sweden all European parliament elections occur on a Sunday. To vote in a Swedish "general election", one must be: To vote in Swedish "local elections" (for the county councils and municipal assemblies), one must: In order to vote in elections to the European Parliament, one must be 18 years old, and fall into one of the following groups: In general, any person who is eligible to vote is also eligible to stand for election. Unlike in many countries where
Elections in Sweden
16248227
fixed election date in effect in Jamaica at this time; hence, the choice of election date is the prerogative of the Prime Minister. The 63 members of the House of Representatives are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting. The Representation of the People Act permits the candidacy of voters above the age of 21. Any Commonwealth citizen residing in Jamaica can vote in the election if they are older than 18 years. To be included on the ballot, a nomination must include the signatures of at least ten eligible voters from the same constituency. The nomination form must then
2016 Jamaican general election
3161363
federal and state laws which set a minimum voting age higher than 18 years. As of 2008, no state has opted for an earlier age, although some state governments have discussed it. California has, since the 1980s, allowed persons who are 17 to register to vote for an election where the election itself will occur on or after their 18th birthday, and several states including Indiana allow 17-year-olds to vote in a primary election provided they will be 18 by the general election. Prisoner voting rights are defined by individual states, and the laws are different from state to state.
Voting rights in the United States
13268019
Governor to form the new government. The coalition or party must prove its majority in the floor of the house (Legislative Assembly) in a vote of confidence by obtaining a simple majority (minimum 50%) of the votes in the House. As of now, India does not have an absentee ballot system. Section 19 of The Representation of the People Act (RPA)-1950 allows a person to register to vote if he or she is above 18 years of age and is an ‘ordinary resident’ of the residing constituency i.e. living at the current address for 6 months or longer. Section 20
Elections in Andhra Pradesh
6153905
the majority of governmental power. The minimum age required for election into the APN is 28. There are 48 districts, called "wilayat", in Algeria and 4 overseas constituencies which send representatives to this body. There is one seat for every 80,000 inhabitants and an additional seat for additional citizens in a wilaya numbering above 40,000. The current speaker of the APN is Mohamed Al-Arabi Ould Khalifa, a member of the plurality party National Liberation Front. Women compose 3.4% of APN members. The minimum age to vote in Algeria is 18. Voting is not compulsory. The first election for the People's
People's National Assembly
13378172
to a logical (chronological) sequence in a valid election process. According to public polls, about 70% (2002) to 63% (2005) of the voters mistakenly thought the first vote to be more important than the second. In some state election systems that have two voting systems modelled after the federal election setup, the votes are called 'vote for person' and 'vote for list'. It is important that both votes have distinct functions. The first vote allows the elector to vote for a direct candidate of their constituency, who applies for a direct mandate in the Bundestag (see illustration above, no. 2).
Electoral system of Germany
14215125
poll if any party to the proceedings asks for the vote to be added. On the other hand, a registered elector's vote will not be struck off at a scrutiny just because he or she was not qualified to be on the electoral register, and the returning officer's decision as to whether or not a ballot paper should be rejected may not be questioned. The election judge is empowered to exempt from being an illegal practice any particular act or omission by a candidate, his or her election agents or any other agent or person in paying a sum, incurring
Presidential elections in Singapore
4209840
a candidate for election as a Member of Parliament. In Nigeria, a person must be at least 35 years of age to be elected President or Vice President, 35 to be a Senator or State Governor, and 25 to be a Representative in parliament or Member of the States' House of Assembly. In North Korea, any person eligible to vote in elections to the Supreme People's Assembly is also eligible to stand for candidacy. The age for both voting and candidacy is 17. In Norway, any adult can become a candidate and be elected in any public election, from the
Age of candidacy
1037319
election of mayor or members of the city council; each shall continue to reside therein during that person´s period of service and to be registered and qualified to vote in municipal elections of this city.The mayor and councilmembers shall be elected by plurality vote as provided in Section 5.13 of this charter." The city council holds an organizational meeting on the first Monday of January following each election. The meeting is called to order by the city clerk and the oath of office is administered to the newly elected members. Special meetings of the city council may be held should
Maysville, Georgia
3220404
an election it is the intention to stay as a Member of Parliament until the change in the law is enacted. Only then will the candidate step down and the party be disbanded. It is the intention of the party that, if a NOTA gains the majority vote, it should cause an automatic by-election, the idea being that the majority will have given a Vote of No Confidence in the candidates. If the same candidates stand under the same policies, then the electorate simply votes NOTA until the candidates change their policies to something that the electorate can vote for.
None of the above
5321751
subject matter being studied. All the above frames omit some people who will vote at the next election and contain some people who will not; some frames will contain multiple records for the same person. People not in the frame have no prospect of being sampled. Because a cluster-based frame contains less information about the population, it may place constraints on the sample design, possibly requiring the use of less efficient sampling methods and/or making it harder to interpret the resulting data. Statistical theory tells us about the uncertainties in extrapolating from a sample to the frame. It should be
Sampling frame
16793670
To vote in the elections to the Pudukkottai Legislative Council, a person should be not less than 21 years of age and of sound mind and not a convicted offender under Section IX A of the Indian Penal Code. Those accused of electoral misconduct are automatically barred from voting in the elections for the next five years. The voter should be a subject of the state and should have spent at least 100 days in the preceding year in the state. The person was also required to satisfy the following income criteria: The subject should be a graduate of any
Pudukkottai Legislative Council
8715286
the case of eligibility to Parliament, this age condition is not necessary. The whole question of age, suitability, and competence can safely be left, and should be left, in the hands of the electorate to decide..." Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 The Parliament (Qualification of Women Act) 1918 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It gave women over 21 the right to stand for election as an MP. It did not alter the minimum age for a woman to vote in an election, which had been 30 since the Representation of the People Act 1918.
Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918
5135858
preferential" ballots or if more than one seat is open. Candidates above the applied breakpoint should not be included in a bulk exclusion process unless it is an adjacent quota or running breakpoint (See 2007 Tasmanian Senate count example below). Quota Breakpoint (Based on the 2007 Queensland Senate election results just prior to the first exclusion) Running Breakpoint (Based on the 2007 Tasmanian Senate election results just prior to the first exclusion) Counting single transferable votes The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system based on proportional representation and ranked voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated
Counting single transferable votes
2343222
(criminal response, etc.). There are different minimum limits of age at which youth are not free, independent or legally competent to take some decisions or actions. Some of these limits are voting age, age of candidacy, age of consent, age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, drinking age, driving age, etc. After youth reach these limits they are free to vote, have sexual intercourse, buy or consume alcohol beverages or drive cars, etc. Voting age is the minimum age established by law that a person must attain to be eligible to vote in a public election. Typically, the age is
Youth
3771882
Voter registration Voter registration (or enrollment) is the requirement that a person otherwise eligible to vote register (or enroll) on an electoral roll before they will be entitled or permitted to vote. Such enrollment may be automatic or may require application being made by the eligible voter. The rules governing registration vary between jurisdictions. Some jurisdictions have "election day registration" and others do not require registration, or may require production of evidence of entitlement to vote at time of voting. In some jurisdictions registration by those of voting age is compulsory, while in most it is optional. In jurisdictions where
Voter registration
8802789
at the age of 23 by Dr. M.G.R for MGR'S Youth wing of ADMK in Coimbatore District. Two years later, he was selected as a candidate for MLA by his mentor R.M.Veerappan for Kangeyam Legislative Thiruppur District. He won the election with the vote difference of around 16,000 and became the youngest person to be seated as MLA in Tamil Nadu, at the age of 25. In 1989, he became the Member of Parliament Tiruchengode Constituency by winning the election with highest vote difference across south India. K. C. Palanisamy K C Palanisamy (born 7 December 1959 Chennimalai Erode District)
K. C. Palanisamy
8946849
quorum of MPs necessary for Gül's election to be validated. As required by the constitution, a snap early general election was called for 22 July 2007. Over 42 million people were eligible to vote in the election. According to a recent change in election law, the minimum age for candidates for parliament was reduced from 30 to 25. But due to the fact that laws do not take effect for one year after passage, only candidates above the age of 30 were able to be elected in this election. On 14 May A death threat was issued by the armed
2007 Turkish general election
3220395
right to register a "none of the above" vote in elections should apply, and ordered the Election Commission to provide such a button in the electronic voting machines, noting that it would increase participation. The Election Commission also clarified that even though votes cast as NOTA are counted, they are considered as invalid votes so they will not change the outcome of the election process. They are not taken into account for calculating the total valid votes and will not be considered for determining the forfeiture of deposit. In the 2014 general election, NOTA polled 1.1% of the votes, counting
None of the above
8476713
different polling place, giving both an undervote for the correct polling place and an overvote for the incorrect one. According to the COFIPE (Federal Code of Electoral Institutions and Procedures), article 231 a ballot which is placed in the wrong box should be moved to the correct box if possible (as is the case, for example, if the presidential ballot is deposited in the senatorial ballot box), but should in any case be counted and reported. A single such vote would appear as both an undervote and an overvote in the analyses and reports mentioned above. Mochán's article reports almost
Controversies of the 2006 Mexican general election
502787
subsequent years. The 1876 election is one of five presidential elections in which the person who won the most popular votes did not win the election, and the only such election in which the popular vote winner received a majority (rather than a plurality) of the popular vote. To date, it remains the election that recorded the smallest electoral vote victory (185–184) and the election that yielded the highest voter turnout of the eligible voting age population in American history, at 81.8%. It was also the first presidential election since 1856 in which the Democratic candidate won the popular vote.
1876 United States presidential election
14861
The term "age of consent" rarely appears in legal statutes. Generally, a law will instead establish the age below which it is illegal to engage in sexual activity with that person. It has sometimes been used with other meanings, such as the age at which a person becomes competent to consent to marriage, but the meaning given above is the one now generally understood. It should not be confused with other laws regarding age minimums including, but not limited to, the age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, voting age, drinking age, and driving age. Age of consent laws vary
Age of consent
11285494
bill would also provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes registered to vote by operation of this program, and that person votes or attempts to vote in an election held after the effective date of the person’s registration, that person shall be presumed to have acted with official authorization and is not guilty of fraudulently voting or attempting to vote, unless that person willfully votes or attempts to vote knowing that he or she is not entitled to vote." This specific wording is added to deal with California Probate Code Section 18100, as is noted later
Right of foreigners to vote in the United States
19321689
outcome. He also assumes that a voting person has preferences that enable them to prefer policy proposal A in front of B, and that the proposals are mutually exclusive. The person believes that Proposal A should be realized, and moreover that he should vote on the proposals he believes should be implemented. So he gives his vote to option A in the machine. Once the machine has tallied all votes, proposal B has received more votes than option A. Since the person is democratically minded, he believes now that the proposal that the democratic process has chosen should be realized,
Wollheim's paradox
14215122
out from within a polling station who a voter intends to vote for or has voted for, or to communicate with a voter after he has been given a ballot paper but before he has placed it in a ballot box. A person claiming to have been a candidate at a presidential election or to have had a right to be elected, or a person who voted or had a right to vote at a presidential election, may apply to an election judge for a candidate's election as President to be declared void on any of the following grounds: The
Presidential elections in Singapore
14628525
suggested that should the election be a popular one, Schmitt would get 32 percent of the vote, outgoing President László Sólyom would get 24 percent, Socialist Party nominee András Balogh would get 14 percent and Jobbik's Krisztina Morvai would get 6 percent. Twenty-four percent said they would not vote for any of the candidates or declined to answer the question. Several Fidesz MP's expressed concern over the electoral outcome saying that though Schmitt was "a charmer and very capable person," they didn't feel he was right for the job because any mistake he may make would reflect poorly on Prime
2010 Hungarian presidential election
8665033
more than those of the winning candidate, then that poll will be canceled and will have to be re-polled. Furthermore, it claims that the contestants will be banned and they cannot contest the re-polling for their lifetime. This is an incorrect interpretation and was clarified by the Election Commission. In its judgement of 27 September, 2013, The Supreme Court directed that the Election Commission should make necessary provision in the ballot papers/EVMs for “None of the Above (NOTA)” option so that the electors who do not wish to vote for any of the candidates can exercise their right not to
49-O
156521
constitutional government is usually taken to be that the right to vote is not limited by a person's wealth or race (the main qualification for enfranchisement is usually having reached a certain age). A democratic government is, therefore, one supported (at least at the time of the election) by a majority of the populace (provided the election was held fairly). A "majority" may be defined in different ways. There are many "power-sharing" (usually in countries where people mainly identify themselves by race or religion) or "electoral-college" or "constituency" systems where the government is not chosen by a simple one-vote-per-person headcount.
Government
9996492
Teller (elections) A teller is a person who counts the votes in an election, vote, referendum or poll. Tellers are also known as scrutineers, poll-watchers, challengers or checkers. They should be distinguished from polling agents and counting agents who officially represent candidates. In the United Kingdom, tellers work on behalf of political parties (usually as volunteers). They stand or sit outside the polling station and collect electoral registration numbers (poll numbers) of voters as they enter or leave. They play no official part in the election and voters are under no obligation to speak with them. They are not polling
Teller (elections)
766878
role in the election of a candidate, by giving stronger visibility to those high on the list; this phenomenon, however, seems to have lost importance since the last electoral reform. Belgian voters are given five options. They may: While there are some options to vote on more than one person, it should be noted that voters cannot vote for candidates of more than one candidate list (party). Doing so makes the vote invalid. Political campaigns in Belgium are relatively short, lasting only about one month. They are subjected to several limitations: Belgium is one of the few countries that has
Politics of Belgium
7438681
vote in the Territory. For these purposes a "Virgin Islander" means a Belonger who is either: A person may also be qualified to stand for election if they were qualified to stand under the previous Constitution on the date of the last election before it was repealed. The restrictions under the earlier constitution were much more relaxed (a person only needed to be a Belonger, over the age of 21, and resident and domiciled in the British Virgin Islands), and preserving them was intended to preserve the right of any sitting members of the House from accidentally being disqualified. However,
House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands
2860753
ability of voters to interact, have also found that the expected turnout for any large election should be zero. The basic formula for determining whether someone will vote, on the questionable assumption that people act completely rationally, is where Since "P" is virtually zero in most elections, "PB" is also near zero, and "D" is thus the most important element in motivating people to vote. For a person to vote, these factors must outweigh "C". Experimental political science has found that even when "P" is likely greater than zero, this term has no effect on voter turnout. Enos and Fowler
Voter turnout
6286009
in any particular ballot paper. Furthermore, no person is allowed to try to find out from within a polling station who a voter intends to vote for or has voted for, or to communicate with a voter after he has been given a ballot paper but before he has placed it in a ballot box. A person claiming to have been a candidate at a general election or to have had a right to be elected, or a person who voted or had a right to vote at a general election, may apply to an election judge for a candidate's
General elections in Singapore
11285493
herself or any other person to be registered as a voter, knowing that he or she or that other person is not entitled to registration. Existing law also makes it a crime to fraudulently vote or attempt to vote. This bill would provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes registered to vote by operation of the California New Motor Voter Program in the absence of a violation by that person of the crime described above, that person’s registration shall be presumed to have been effected with official authorization and not the fault of that person. The
Right of foreigners to vote in the United States
1365023
five candidates above her on the New Zealand Labour Party's list declined the seat. The Republic of Ireland holds by-elections despite electing members in multi-member constituencies by the single transferable vote. Alternatives to holding a by-election include: For the Australian Senate (where each State forms a multi-seat constituency voting by single transferable vote), the State Parliament appoints a replacement; in 1977 a referendum amended the Constitution to require that the person appointed must belong to the same political party (if any) as the Senator originally elected to that seat. Those Australian states with an Upper House elected by PR-STV (NSW,
By-election
1710583
of the franchise before the Riksdag of 1902, the chief feature of which was that the elector should be twenty-five years of age, and that married men over forty years should be entitled to two votes. The Riksdag, however, finally agreed to a proposal by Bishop Billing, a member of the First Chamber, that an address should be presented to the king asking for a full inquiry into the question of extending the franchise for the election of members to the Second Chamber. In 1897 the Riksdag had received among its members the first socialist representative in the person of
Sweden during the late 19th century
18778682
to vote in the general election, one must be: Individuals must be registered to vote by midnight twelve working days before polling day. Anyone who qualifies as an anonymous elector has until midnight six working days before polling day to register. A person who has two homes (such as a university student who has a term-time address and lives at home during holidays) may be able to register to vote at both addresses as long as they are not in the same electoral area, but can only vote in one constituency at the general election. It is current UK government
Next United Kingdom general election
14185529
on polling day. Unless a close relative, a person can only vote as a proxy on behalf of a maximum of two other voters in any single election in each constituency/ward. When applying to vote by proxy for more than one particular election, the application must be accompanied by a relevant attestation and must be justified based on one of the following reasons: blindness; other disability; employment; on an education course; registered as a service, overseas or anonymous elector. If only applying to vote by proxy for one particular election, the elector only needs to explain why he/she cannot vote
Elections in the United Kingdom
437774
slate of electors on December 12, should the dispute still be ongoing. Had the recount gone forward, it would have awarded those electors to Bush, based on the state-certified vote, and the likely last recourse for Gore would have been to contest the electors in the United States Congress. The electors would then only have been rejected if both GOP-controlled houses had agreed to reject them. Though Gore came in second in the electoral vote, he received 547,398 more popular votes than Bush, making him the first person since Grover Cleveland in 1888 to win the popular vote but lose
2000 United States presidential election
10326412
example of the use of this strategy is provided by the 2004 Australian Senate election in Tasmania. The Liberal and Labor parties and an independent Labor candidate designated that their above the line vote should transfer to the Family First party in preference to the Green party. Had all voters in Tasmania cast ‘above the line' votes the Green party candidate, who obtained almost a quota of first preference votes, would have lost to a candidate of the little supported Family First party. Academic analysis of voting systems such as STV generally centers on the voting system criteria that they
Issues affecting the single transferable vote
19902045
which a person could sell their properties with no intervention of lawyers among other conservative ideas. Again according to the "Otago Witness", Dyer's stance differed quite a bit from Macandrew with regard to being solicited to take a seat, Dyer thought it was or should be a point of ambition with every person to hold a place in the House of Representatives; he thought that no doubt it was a large responsibility to make laws for future generations and that he would vote for allocating funds to be put into the education of the Maori people in the province of
1859 Town of Dunedin by-election
1710326
right person for the job", but thought no better of those "jockeying for position" in the party. On 21 January, UKIP's National Executive Committee (NEC) delivered a vote of no confidence in Bolton; only Bolton voted against the motion. Bolton had made it clear earlier that day that he would not resign if the vote went against him, because he felt another leadership election would destroy the party. Consequently, at the emergency meeting of UKIP's NEC, it was decided that party members would be balloted on whether Bolton should be removed from office, as the NEC does not have the
UK Independence Party
15205604
On 2 December, an attempt was set for 16 December to try to get candidates for the election. At the same time, an electoral law revision was passed that asserted an election will only be held if there are any candidates and only if at least 61 MPs are present at the vote. Should the election again be unsuccessful, an early parliamentary election would have to be held (which would be the third such election after 2009 and 2010). The three PCRM MPs who defected attended the vote (with the other PCRM MPs boycotting again), but voted against Marian Lupu,
2011–2012 Moldovan presidential election
10326395
act and vote if elected, and that might be influenced by the character, ethnicity, age, place of residence or gender as examples. A perceived problem arises from the fact that voters and the political elite are often not in accord with what sort of proportionality should be achieved. Increased voter choice and control reduces the power and influence of the political elite to determine the political debate. PR-STV provides proportionality by transferring votes to minimise waste of votes, and therefore also minimises the number of unrepresented voters. In this way PR-STV provides "Droop proportionality" - an example STV election using
Issues affecting the single transferable vote
12814622
right hand should be above, and the palm of the left hand should be above. When walking, the heel should be on the ground first. People doing 'running' have to run faster than 'walking'. They shouldn't open their legs very much, and they have to raise their knees while running. Except the first two person, they make a line to be ready to go through the gate. The first and second person makes the gate, and then the right next person who went through the gate makes the gate, while the person who made the gate returns to the line.
Ganggangsullae
14049211
May after being surprised whilst purchasing identity documents. A third person had lost their life on 15 May in clashes between PLD and PRD supporters in Samaná. Election commission officials and representatives from the PRD and PLD made appeals for calm during the election. President Leonel Fernández said that the violence would not affect the poll results. An election monitoring mission from the Organization of American States said that it had received complaints of fake or purchased identity documents being used to vote. Nonetheless, it ratified the election as mostly free and fair. In addition to the results presented above
2010 Dominican Republic parliamentary election
892489
current City President is Dr. Christian Dewanger (WiF). In the mayoral election of 2010, Simon Faber (SSW) was elected Lord Mayor of the town in a run-off election with 54,8% of the vote. He is the first person from the Danish Minority to occupy this office since the end of World War II. Flensburg's coat of arms shows in gold above blue and silver waves rising to the left a six-sided red tower with a blue pointed roof breaking out of which, one above the other are the two lions of Schleswig and Denmark; above is a red shield with
Flensburg
2940873
nail, above the photo of their preferred candidate. Because the ballot paper was handed to voters folded in half, many made the hole without unfolding the ballot, thus making two holes and invalidating their vote. Hundreds of thousands of these votes were invalidated before the General Election Committee (KPU) ruled that such ballots should be accepted. This necessitated recounts in many places, slowing the count and raising fears of a disputed result. Wiranto refused to accept the election results and petitioned the Constitutional Court. Wiranto and Salahuddin argued that, due to irregularities in ballot counting by the General Election Commission,
2004 Indonesian presidential election
8210841
decided by a vote in the loft of the house of Nitezeh in Lod: For all the sins in the Torah, if a person is told, "Transgress and you will not be killed," they should transgress and not be killed, except for idol worship, sexual relations and bloodshed.'" A Jew must sacrifice his or her life rather than transgress the above-mentioned sins. The first exception, idolatry, is extrapolated from Deuteronomy 6:5 "And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might", meaning that one should even surrender his
Self-sacrifice in Jewish law
4415433
There are different regulations on the time and avenue through which a citizen can vote. Early voting is available in 33 states and Washington D.C. This must be done in person at a designated polling place. Early voting period lengths vary from state to state. If a potential voter is not able to vote in person on Election Day or during the early voting period, they may request an absentee ballot. In 20 states, an excuse must be filed to receive the absentee ballot. In 27 states and Washington D.C., a voter may acquire an absentee ballot without an excuse.
Youth vote in the United States
14229193
Volkstag were required to be above 25 years of age. Further elections were held in 1923, 1927, 1930, 1933 and 1935. After the Polish state increased its Westerplatte garrison by 120 soldiers, the local populace's fear of a Polish invasion was used by the Nazi party to boost their election chances. Provocative marches, speeches and a broadcast of Hitler's speech resulted in an absolute majority (50.03%) of the vote in the 28 May 1933 election. After the successful Saar plebiscite, where more than 90 percent of the Saar populace voted in favour of Germany, the Nazis expected to achieve a
Volkstag
13220639
any misconduct. The Green Party complained to the Electoral Commission, saying that the video should have been declared as an election expense. If Lee had won the by-election, the next (58th) person on the National Party list – Conway Powell – would have become a list MP, as Lee was already a list MP. Green Party co-leader Russel Norman was the only nomination from his party and was the first candidate from a party then in Parliament to declare his candidacy. In 2008, he stood in Rongotai, finishing third with 15.84% of the vote. If Norman had won the by-election,
2009 Mount Albert by-election
10439763
itself determine questions of validity. A petition can also be filed by the Australian Electoral Commission. The requirement that a person be entitled to vote at the specific election means that the Court of Disputed Returns does not have the jurisdiction to declare that the entirety of a general election was void. Any other person who was entitled to vote at the election may be heard in relation to the petition. The admissible grounds for a petition are whatever "the Court in its discretion thinks just and sufficient", but are specified to include "illegal practices ... committed in connexion with
Court of Disputed Returns (Australia)
13983725
not only on the reporting of results, but also on exit polls and other data that might be construed as an indication of an ongoing election's eventual result. The "Vote often" portion of this phrase is the more controversial clause of this quote. While the phrase could be interpreted to mean that a citizen should vote in every election he or she is eligible to (such as party primaries, non-presidential election years and in local elections) so as to show a truly noble interest in one's civic duty, it appears that the phrase originally was meant to encourage citizens to
Vote early and vote often
20992544
month, as he had feared, a petition was lodged against his election, alleging bribery and corruption, but this was not persevered as its promoters believed parliament would be dissolved and an election would be called. Russell admitted this was a "great relief", but he remained anxious that accounts should be settled and care should be taken when "making illegal payments". While this concern was over, he faced further wrath from his constituents who, as the "Berkshire Chronicle" reported, were "disappointed" at his vote on the civil. Russell was prepared to defend himself, arguing the vote had not been "a question
Charles Russell (1786–1856)
19209741
7 were two-seat constituencies. All seats were elected using first-past-the-post voting; in the two-seat constituencies, voters cast two votes. Universal suffrage was introduced in 1990, permitting Samoan citizens over the age of 21 to vote in person. Candidates were required to be at least 21 years of age, heads of their families and resident of the country for at least three years prior the nomination date. Civil servants and people with mental illness were ineligible to stand as candidates. People convicted for bribery or an electoral offense, and people given a prison sentence of more than two years (including the
2016 Samoan general election
20280654
eligible to run for president, although previously convicted with a suspended sentence. Nicușor Dan, a former President of the Save Romania Union (USR), the third largest political party in the country, believes that the party should run its own candidate for the elections. Dan Barna, the new President of the USR, stated in an interview with "Adevărul" that the USR would have a presidential candidate, decided by a vote within the party. Barna also said that "Dacian Cioloș may be an option, like any well-known person". Many voices inside ALDE suggested that Călin Popescu Tăriceanu, the party leader and President
2019 Romanian presidential election
1382850
2 of the United States Constitution requires that representatives shall be chosen "by the People of the several States" and shall be "apportioned among the several States...according to their respective Numbers..." These words, the Court held, mean that "as nearly as practicable one man's vote in a congressional election is to be worth as much as another's." "Wesberry" and the Court's later "one person, one vote" decisions had an extraordinary impact on the makeup of the House, on the content of public policy, and on electoral politics in general. However, these "one person, one vote" rules do not prevent and
Wesberry v. Sanders
17494928
be decided by popular vote since 1908. It was won by Carl Sanders of Augusta, who would go on to win unopposed in the general election in November. Sanders was the first person from an urban county (Richmond) to be elected governor since the 1920s. Following the 1963 "Gray v. Sanders" decision, the Georgia Legislature had the option to redesign the County Unit System to meet the new "One Person, One Vote" standard. The legislature chose, instead, to continue electing statewide offices by popular vote, which continues to the present day. The newly elected Governor Sanders also spearheaded a massive
County Unit System
20679769
Party A while 40% would be given to Party B. Thus, if 10 votes were cast for the alliance, Party A would have a total of 66 (60+6) votes and Party B would have 44 (40+4) votes. Parties contesting the election within an alliance would not be subject to the 10% threshold. As long as the Alliance in total won above 10% of the national vote, any party within it would be eligible to win seats regardless of how low their vote share. The election alliance law also contained numerous controversial changes to election law, including the legalisation of unverified
2018 Turkish parliamentary election
14215117
for election purposes. In addition, holding election meetings and canvassing are not permitted on the day before polling day or on polling day itself. Canvassing involves trying to persuade a person to vote or not to vote in a particular way; or visiting a voter for an election-related purpose at home or at his or her workplace. It is an offence to exercise undue influence on any person at or near a polling station: for example, trying to find out the identity of any person entering a polling station; recording voters' particulars; and waiting outside or loitering within of polling
Presidential elections in Singapore
17110089
Republic of Armenia for a five-year term of office. Every person having attained the age of thirty-five, having been a citizen of the Republic of Armenia for the preceding ten years, having permanently resided in the Republic for the preceding ten years, and having the right to vote is eligible to be elected as President of the Republic. The same person cannot be elected for the post of the President of the Republic for more than two consecutive terms. The election of the President of the Republic is held fifty days prior to the expiration of his/her term of office
President of Armenia
12646511
of an election through get out the vote efforts, for instance, in state conventions of a society, in which supporters of a cause or candidate bus in their supporters to vote and then bus them back. Drive-thru voting Drive-Thru Voting describes the method of voting in an election whereby completed ballot papers submitted by placing them in a drop-box. Drive-thru voting is an alternative to having voters go in person to a polling station, vote electronically via an electronic voting system, and postal voting. Despite the title "Drive-Thru Voting", the act can be accomplished on foot, but is most commonly
Drive-thru voting
18739636
The Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies was not due to report until 2018, and therefore this general election took place under existing boundaries, enabling direct comparisons with the results by constituency in 2015. To vote in the general election, one had to be: Individuals had to be registered to vote by midnight twelve working days before polling day (22 May). Anyone who qualified as an anonymous elector had until midnight on 31 May to register. A person who has two homes (such as a university student with a term-time address but lives at home during holidays) may be registered
2017 United Kingdom general election
3748348
systems; there was less effect above age 22. According to the "Los Angeles Times", Rock the Vote experienced financial problems in the aftermath of the 2004 election. It emerged from the election $700,000 in debt, and its president resigned in the summer of 2005 "amid disagreements about the organization's direction." In 2008, Rock the Vote ran the largest non-partisan youth voter registration drive in the nation's history by getting 2.6 million young voters registered. In November 2012 and 2013 Rock the Vote experimented with Facebook ads to encourage voter turnout by telling people the number of days remaining until the
Rock the Vote
1865350
South Carolina to be elected by popular vote. Following the state's failure to adopt the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, the US Congress eliminated all offices of state government. A temporary military government headed by Edward Canby was set up until new elections were held after the writing of the Constitution of 1868. All male citizens above the age of 21, regardless of race, were given the right to vote and the governor was allowed to be elected to two consecutive terms. The election of Ben Tillman in 1890 to governor by the support of agrarian reformers forced
Governor of South Carolina
4014629
demand – no reason must be given – although a vote rigging scandal involving postal votes marred the 2004 Birmingham local election. In the United States, absentee voting takes place "by mail-in paper ballot prior to the day of the election." Typically, "the voter may return the ballot by mail or in person." The National Conference of State Legislatures notes: As of March 2017, an excuse is required to vote by mail in 20 states, while in 27 states and the District of Columbia, any qualified voter may vote absentee without offering an excuse. Eight states and D.C. maintain a
Absentee ballot
20692527
by an indirect election by the members of parliament as per Article 48 of the Constitution. The constitution of Bangladesh determines the eligibility of person becoming a President. To be president, these criteria must be met. According to the Article 48 of Constitution of Bangladesh, a person shall not be qualified for election as President if they: According to the article 50 of Constitution of Bangladesh: Whenever the presidential office becomes vacant, the new president is elected by the members of parliament. Although the presidential election involves actual voting from the MPs, they tend to unanimously vote for their respective
Presidential elections in Bangladesh
6286003
person to vote or not to vote in a particular way, or visiting a voter for an election-related purpose at home or at his or her workplace. It is also an offence to exercise undue influence on any person at or near a polling station, for instance, by trying to find out the identity of any person entering a polling station, recording voters' particulars, and waiting outside or loitering within of polling stations. Voters receive poll cards informing them of the polling stations where they can cast their votes in person. Polling day at a general election is a public
General elections in Singapore
6379947
a 1994 anti-poverty rally in Windsor ("Windsor Star", 3 December 1994). Wilson was 38 years old at the time of the provincial election. She was also active in Windsor Coalition Against Poverty and the Ontario Coalition for Social Justice. She opposed cuts to welfare payments, and argued that the city's casino revenues should be used to improve the city's bus system. Wilson was quoted as saying, "I believe as an independent we are free to vote as people ask us to vote. Parties constrict the way we (MPs) vote and as an independent I can't be quieted by a party".
Independent candidates, 1995 Ontario provincial election
9667393
has had. When he stood for re-election to a full 5-year term in the 2013 election, he was defeated by a wide margin and finished as the least voted of the four candidates running, having received only a little over 5% of the vote. The results of that election were later annulled, however, and a re-run was held, but Waheed chose not to stand for election again. Having taken office at the age of 59 years, and having left it at the age of 60 years and ten months, he is to date the oldest person to have served as
Mohammed Waheed Hassan
13969653
or dehumidifying air-conditioning unit may be used to aid in evaporation of the water (evaporative method). Immersing a person into a tub of cold water (immersion method) is a widely recognized method of cooling. This method may require the effort of several people and the person should be monitored carefully during the treatment process. Immersion should be avoided for an unconscious person, but if there is no alternative, the person's head must be held above water. Immersion in very cold water was once thought to be counterproductive by reducing blood flow to the skin and thereby preventing heat from escaping
Heat stroke
3536078
was passed with the objective that the party which receives over 50 percent of the statewide two-party vote at the forthcoming election should win the two-party vote in a majority of seats, through a compulsory strategic redrawing of electoral boundaries before each election, making South Australia the only state to do so. One element of the Playmander remains to this day which contributes to the above: the change from multi-member to single-member seats. It was only the second time that a Labor government in South Australia had been re-elected for a third term (the first time was when Dunstan won
John Bannon
8241189
election and elect party officers. New York uses "closed primaries" and only an enrolled member of a party can vote in its primaries. The election district is the basic electoral administrative division, containing a maximum of 950 registered voters (although it may be as large as 1150 registered voters between redistricting) with boundaries determined by the local board of elections. The person for party nomination for public office who receives a plurality of the vote is nominated as the party candidate, although for New York City offices a person must receive at least 40% of the votes otherwise a runoff
Elections in New York (state)
3116290
choose a party running an open list may indicate their candidate of preference among the names displayed on the ballot, if the voter does not indicate a preference and only votes for the party, the vote is valid for purposes of the threshold but not for reordering the list based on preferential votes. To be a representative, a person must be a Colombian citizen (by birth or naturalization) over the age of 25 at the time of the election. There are general rules of ineligibility and incompatibility which apply to both houses of Congress, explained here. In addition, general rules
House of Representatives (Colombia)
1455201
to constipation. Once the presence of constipation is identified based on a culmination of the symptoms described above, then the cause of the constipation should be figured out. Separating non-life-threatening from serious causes may be partly based on symptoms. For example, colon cancer may be suspected if a person has a family history of colon cancer, fever, weight loss, and rectal bleeding. Other alarming signs and symptoms include family or personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, age of onset over 50, change in stool caliber, nausea, vomiting, and neurological symptoms like weakness, numbness and difficulty urinating. A physical examination should
Constipation
7844504
four-seater for the 1961 general election, and Sherwin retained his Dáil seat comfortably, winning over 21% of the first-preference vote. However, his vote fell at the 1965 election to less than 6%, and he lost his seat to the Labour Party's Michael O'Leary. Sherwin has been described as "colourful". In 1958, when the Dáil was debating allowing women to join the Garda Síochána, he suggested that "while recruits should not be actually horse faced, they should not be too good looking. They should be just plain women and not targets for marriage". He remained a republican sympathiser throughout his life
Frank Sherwin
5603778
law giver." However, use of the literal rule may defeat the intention of Parliament. For instance, in the case of "Whiteley v. Chappel", the court came to the reluctant conclusion that Whiteley could not be convicted of impersonating "any person entitled to vote" at an election, because the person he impersonated was dead. Using a literal construction of the relevant statutory provision, the deceased was not "a person entitled to vote". This, surely, cannot have been the intention of Parliament. However, the literal rule does not take into account the consequences of a literal interpretation, only whether words have a
Plain meaning rule
6952638
general election. He won the election with an increased vote and a majority of 806. On this occasion, his defeated opponent Charles Beattie lodged an election petition, claiming to have won on the basis that voters knew Mitchell to be disqualified and incapable of election and so had thrown away their votes. Mitchell decided to attend the election court in person without legal representation, tackling the deputy governor of the prison over his refusal to allow an election address to be sent out; the deputy governor explained that instructions from the Ministry of Home Affairs prevented it. Mitchell made a
Tom Mitchell (politician)
17546606
to be followed, and that prospective candidates had until August 26 to turn in their petitions. The Colorado Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal. The ruling meant that election officials would be unable to conduct the election by mail, as is usual for Colorado, and would have to open up polls for in-person voting. Morse stated that not voting by mail was "bad for everybody." On August 27, 2013, Hickenlooper asked the Colorado Supreme Court to clarify if a voter had to vote for recall in order to vote for a replacement candidate. At the same time, Libertarian Jan
2013 Colorado recall election
16251764
should be delayed to perform an economic study on affordable housing incentives. In response, Garcia argued that delaying the plan would be costly to the city, and that the economic study could be done separately. The plan passed the City Council, 7-2. In July 2013, Garcia announced his candidacy for Mayor of Long Beach. He received 25.4% of the vote in the April 8, 2014 election, finishing first in a field of 10 mayoral candidates. In the runoff election between Garcia and fellow candidate Damon Dunn (22.3% of the vote) on June 3, Garcia won with 52% of the vote,
Robert Garcia (California politician)
551940
only one expressed by members of the press. Kevin Sack observed, "As Mr. Thurmond campaigns for history, polls show that the vast majority of South Carolinians believe it is far past time for him to retire." Worley stated that the issue of age should be dealt with in the primary as opposed to the general election, encouraging Thurmond to be dropped as the seat's continuous nominee. In the general election, Thurmond received 53.4 percent of the vote to the 44 percent of Democrat Elliott Springs Close. In February 1999, Thurmond introduced legislation barring health messages on wine bottles, the measure
Strom Thurmond
11951306
primary by 50 votes and beat Republican opponent, Joan Lancos, in the general election. Ulman served a four-year term as a Council member in Howard County. In 2006, Ulman ran for county executive against Republican Party opponent, Christopher Merdon, and Independent candidate, C. Stephen Wallis. A major theme of Ulman's campaign was his claim he played a role in preventing the closure of Columbia’s Merriweather Post Pavilion. Ulman won in the general election with 52% of the vote and was sworn in on December 4, 2006 at age 32, becoming the youngest person in Maryland to be elected as county
Kenneth Ulman
2525543
Protest vote A protest vote (also called a blank, null, spoiled, or "none of the above" vote) is a vote cast in an election to demonstrate dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or the current political system. Protest voting takes a variety of forms and reflects numerous voter motivations, including political alienation. Along with abstention, or not voting, protest voting is a sign of unhappiness with available options. If protest vote takes the form of a blank vote, it may or may not be tallied into final results. Protest votes may be considered spoiled or, depending on the electoral system,
Protest vote
11629879
EML standard seeks to help facilitate transparency, access and involvement for citizens to the election process. The primary function of an electronic voting system is to capture voter preferences reliably and securely and then report results accurately, while meeting legal requirements for privacy. The process of vote capture occurs between 'a voter' (individual person) and 'an e-voting system' (machine). It is critical that any election system be able to prove that a voter's choice is captured correctly and anonymously, and that the vote is not subject to tampering, manipulation or other sources of undue influence. These universal democratic principles can
Election Markup Language
7728984
it is necessary to vote for one of the "three" leading candidates in the first round, just as in an election held under the plurality system it is necessary to vote for one of the "two" leading candidates. Whether or not compromising will be an effective tactic depends on the precise candidates and voting patterns present in each election. For example, if there are two very popular centrist candidates standing in the election, such that the outcome of the first round is inevitable, then compromise will be unnecessary. In Example I above, if Fruit supporters had voted tactically for Apple
Tactical manipulation of runoff voting