intermittent hot spring that erupts jets of hot water and steam
geyser
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Geyser A geyser (, ) is a spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam. As a fairly rare phenomenon, the formation of geysers is due to particular hydrogeological conditions that exist only in a few places on Earth. Generally all geyser field sites are located near active volcanic areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of magma. Generally, surface water works its way down to an average depth of around where it contacts hot rocks. The resultant boiling of the pressurized water results in the geyser effect of hot water and
Geyser
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In active volcanic zones such as Yellowstone National Park, water may be heated by coming into contact with magma (molten rock). The high temperature gradient near magma may cause water to be heated enough that it boils or becomes superheated. If the water becomes so hot that it builds steam pressure and erupts in a jet above the surface of the Earth, it is called a geyser. If the water only reaches the surface in the form of steam, it is called a fumarole. If the water is mixed with mud and clay, it is called a mud pot. Note
Hot spring
169193
Geyser A geyser (, ) is a spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam. As a fairly rare phenomenon, the formation of geysers is due to particular hydrogeological conditions that exist only in a few places on Earth. Generally all geyser field sites are located near active volcanic areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of magma. Generally, surface water works its way down to an average depth of around where it contacts hot rocks. The resultant boiling of the pressurized water results in the geyser effect of hot water and
Geyser
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is totally quiet. An eruption starts with no warning, most beginning with a blue bubble caused by immense steam bubbles forming below. Botryoidal Spring Botryoidal Spring is a geyser in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Botryoidal Spring is part of the White Creek Group which includes A-0 Geyser and Spindle Geyser. As its name indicates, Botryoidal Spring was originally a hot spring (and botryoidal means 'bubbly'). In 1996, seismic activity caused to change from a sparkling spring into an explosive geyser. It erupts for a duration of about one minute with an interval
Botryoidal Spring
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and a large propane tank farm near the railroad. The surface expression of the geothermal system consists of a ", opaline sinter terrace produced by hot spring and natural geyser (sic fumarole) activity along the base of the Malpais Rim. Since 1959, several companies have tested the potential of the area as a source of steam for electrical power generation. The spectacular hot water and steam plume that at present (1985/1986) vents continuously along the top of the sinter terrace is not a natural geyser, but is a free-flowing, uncapped geothermal well." (Struhsacker, 1986, p. 111). Photos of hot springs
Beowawe, Nevada
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hot springs, mud pots and other similar features. Among the geysers is the Velikan (giant) Geyser, which erupts with tons of water that shoot more than 25 metres into the air during a minute-long eruption approximately every six hours or so. At least 20 such geysers erupt on a stretch of the Geysernaya River Basin in the Valley of Geysers, along with dozens of smaller gushing vents and hundreds of hot springs. The largest of these geysers erupts with 60 tons of water once or twice a year. Kronotsky Nature Reserve Kronotsky (Кроноцкий) Nature Reserve (also: "Kronotsky Biosphere Zapovednik") is
Kronotsky Nature Reserve
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Spa Geyser, instead of Rocket Geyser, erupts. Grotto is significant beyond its own considerable size because of the interactions between its own eruptions and those of nearby Giant Geyser, one of the world's most powerful geysers. Giant erupts only during so-called "hot periods," times of intensified activity and rising water among the smaller geysers surrounding Giant. Most hot periods do not lead to Giant eruptions, but Giant eruptions frequently start during the hot period immediately following the start of a Grotto eruption. Additionally, the long, "marathon" eruptions of Grotto are commonly followed, a few hours after they end, by a
Grotto Geyser
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the beginning of 1912. Fishing Cone Fishing Cone is a geyser in the West Thumb Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. In the earlier part of the 20th century, this cone had eruptions as high as 40 feet (12 m). As the water level in Yellowstone Lake has increased, the cone is now inundated during the spring and the temperatures in the cone have cooled enough that it no longer erupts and is now considered a hot spring. The name Fishing Cone can be traced back to tales told by mountain men of a lake where
Fishing Cone
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Fishing Cone Fishing Cone is a geyser in the West Thumb Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. In the earlier part of the 20th century, this cone had eruptions as high as 40 feet (12 m). As the water level in Yellowstone Lake has increased, the cone is now inundated during the spring and the temperatures in the cone have cooled enough that it no longer erupts and is now considered a hot spring. The name Fishing Cone can be traced back to tales told by mountain men of a lake where one could catch a
Fishing Cone
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The researchers have now concluded that the bright material must have been produced in one of two ways. One: hot-spring deposits produced when water dissolved silica at one location and then carried it to another (i.e. a geyser). Two: acidic steam rising through cracks in rocks stripped them of their mineral components, leaving silica behind. "The important thing is that whether it is one hypothesis or the other, the implications for the former habitability of Mars are pretty much the same," Squyres explained to BBC News. Hot water provides an environment in which microbes can thrive and the precipitation of
Chronology of discoveries of water on Mars
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in the 1890s. The lake, toward the southern end of a north–south chain of marshes and mainly intermittent lakes, covers about with a shoreline of about . In 1959, two days after the Nevada Thermal Power Company drilled a well on the Crump family property, a continuous geyser of steam and hot water began shooting into the air. However, during the 1960s the Crump Geyser became plugged with rocks, though it continued to emit steam. In the 21st century, the site's geoelectric potential makes it a candidate for a power station. The state's first geothermal plant began operation at the
Adel, Oregon
6056236
Brilliant Pool Brilliant Pool is a hot spring in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Brilliant Pool is part of the Daisy Group and is interconnected with the Daisy and Splendid Geysers. Prior to an eruption by Daisy or Splendid, the pool is filled. When Daisy erupts, the water level in Brilliant Pool drops a few inches then is refilled as Daisy refills. A Splendid eruption has a larger effect on Brilliant Pool, dropping the level lower than a Daisy eruption. On occasion, Splendid will have a series of eruptions, preventing Brilliant Pool from
Brilliant Pool
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early 1950s, Brilliant Pool experienced a phase where it was overflowing. During this time, Daisy was dormant until the pool returned to its normal behavior. Brilliant Pool Brilliant Pool is a hot spring in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Brilliant Pool is part of the Daisy Group and is interconnected with the Daisy and Splendid Geysers. Prior to an eruption by Daisy or Splendid, the pool is filled. When Daisy erupts, the water level in Brilliant Pool drops a few inches then is refilled as Daisy refills. A Splendid eruption has a larger
Brilliant Pool
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James throws one of his red balls on a very confused DeSilver who stumbles over the voodoo priest and they both fall over the cliff into a pit of hot boiling water. James rescues Clara, but the volcano starts to increase the hot water. James quickly manages to build up a balloon (though he calls it a Jolly Floater) by using the hot steam and they both fly off just before the steam erupts. They are followed by a shape that looks like DeSilver before he disappeared into the steam. James and Clara looks across the sea and witnesses a
Jolly Rover
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local rheumatologists conceded that hydrotherapy is an accepted treatment that can be helpful for mild forms of rheumatism or muscle strain, they, along with dermatologists, remain skeptical of claims about the alternative healing of the natural spring water. Hot hard water bubbles continuously in the well, releasing a slightly unpleasant sulphur mud-like odour together with steam. The temperature of the spring water is measured by precision instrument to be constant . In an investigation carried out by the Nanyang Technological University in 1994, the hot spring was found to have an estimated yield of approximately per minute at ground level
Sembawang Hot Spring
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named after the regular view of steam rising from the rivulet flowing into the dam, especially during early mornings. Towards the northwest you will find Brandvlei Prison, which contains a hot spring with temperatures up to 45 °C, the hottest in South Africa. The Table Mountain Group hot water springs vary between 35 °C and 45 °C. The water at the nearby Goudini and the Brandvlei hot springs is classified as "pure" by virtue of its low content of dissolved mineral matter. You cannot visit this hot spring voluntarily (unfortunately it is situated inside the prison area). Boat launching, sailing,
Brandvlei Dam
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scrubbing facilities, a hot water bath, a warm water bath (often with herbs), a swimming pool (both indoor and outdoor), a relax area (both indoor and outdoor) and a restaurant / diner / bar area. Usually the sauna rooms tend to be quite hot and dry. Very often breastfeeding or pumping rooms and massages and other personal care treatments such as body and skin treatments are available. Often also a steam room is included. The water in the sauna might be spring water, though no hot springs are found in the Netherlands and Flanders. Extra facilities that some saunas might
Sauna in the Dutch language area
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some countries, if it is a public hot spring, swimwear is required. Hot spring A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust. While some of these springs contain water that is a safe temperature for bathing, others are so hot that immersion can result in injury or death. There is no universally accepted definition of a hot spring. For example, one can find the phrase "hot spring" defined as The related term "warm spring" is defined as a spring with water temperature less than a hot spring by
Hot spring
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date to 9,000 years before present, while the youngest rocks in the Olobutot formation are between 130 and 230 years old. Olkaria lies within the Naivasha sub-basin, known for hot springs, hot grounds and fumaroles. Further north, Lake Bogoria has steam jets and geysers with temperatures as high as . There are steam fumaroles at Njorowa Gorge in Olkaria. In the underground reservoirs, temperatures of have been measured at nearby Eburru and at Olkaria. The geothermal production zones at Olkaria are at depths of between to , and further down at between to below the surface. Lake Naivasha underground water
Olkaria
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Hot spring A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust. While some of these springs contain water that is a safe temperature for bathing, others are so hot that immersion can result in injury or death. There is no universally accepted definition of a hot spring. For example, one can find the phrase "hot spring" defined as The related term "warm spring" is defined as a spring with water temperature less than a hot spring by many sources, although Pentecost et al. (2003) suggest that the phrase "warm
Hot spring
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Hot water extraction Hot Water Extraction (HWE) is a method of carpet cleaning. It involves a combination of hot water and cleaning agents being injected into the fibers of a carpet at high pressure and all lifted soil being removed by a powerful vacuum. Though commonly called "steam cleaning", no actual steam is involved in the HWE cleaning process apart from steam that may escape incidentally from hot water. When the cleaning solution comes in contact with the carpet, it is 50 to 120 degrees Celsius, depending on the heat available from the cleaning unit. In a modern truck-mounted carpet
Hot water extraction
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renamed it as Tai'an Hot Spring. The hot spring is accessible by bus and taxi from Miaoli Station of the Taiwan Railways Administration. Tai'an Hot Spring The Tai'an Hot Spring () is a hot spring in Tai'an Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. The hot spring water is abundant and the cherry blossoms are graceful during the blossom season. The water is colorless and odorless. Visitors can also play with water or fish in the rivers nearby. The hot spring was originally named the Ueshima Hot Spring during the Japanese rule of Taiwan. After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the
Tai'an Hot Spring
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Tai'an Hot Spring The Tai'an Hot Spring () is a hot spring in Tai'an Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan. The hot spring water is abundant and the cherry blossoms are graceful during the blossom season. The water is colorless and odorless. Visitors can also play with water or fish in the rivers nearby. The hot spring was originally named the Ueshima Hot Spring during the Japanese rule of Taiwan. After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, it was renamed to Hu Mountain Hot Spring. In 1978, President Chiang Ching-kuo visited the hot spring and
Tai'an Hot Spring
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these eruptions are relatively nonviolent, they rarely cause human fatalities. Dacite eruptions in the Lassen area typically begin with steam explosions caused by the interaction of rising magma with ground water. When dacite magma charged with volcanic gases reaches the surface, it erupts explosively, usually as a vertical column of gas and ash that can rise several miles into the atmosphere. Heavy fallback of hot ash and rock fragments from eruption columns may generate highly mobile pyroclastic flows that can rush several miles down a volcano's slopes and adjacent valleys. Fallout from the eruption column can blanket areas within a
Geology of the Lassen volcanic area
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and a 1967 monument by the sculptor Elguja Amashukeli tops the Metekhi cliff. A legend has it that when King Vakhtang was in the forest, his falcon chased a pheasant. The bird fell into a hot water spring and the king and his servants saw the steam come out of the water. Surprised by the abundance of hot water, Vakhtang gave orders to build a city on this site and named it "Tbilisi", that is, "the site of warm springs". Vakhtang was officially included in the Georgian Orthodox calendar—and a church built in his honor in the city of Rustavi—early
Vakhtang I of Iberia
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water pH is neutral to slightly alkaline. An ecosystem of thermophilic organisms exist in the springs, separated by temperature stratum. Mickey Hot Springs Mickey Hot Springs is a small hot spring system at the north end of Alvord Desert just east of Steens Mountain and North of The 2-6 Hot Springs which are much larger but less known, in southeastern Oregon, United States. There are several natural bubbling mudpots and steam vents. The system contains at least 60 vents, 11 of which are dry. The hydrothermal system is in its waning stages of existence. Each vent has a characteristic temperature
Mickey Hot Springs
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spring" is not useful and should be avoided. The US NOAA Geophysical Data Center defines a "warm spring" as a spring with water between Water issuing from a hot spring is heated geothermally, that is, with heat produced from the Earth's mantle. In general, the temperature of rocks within the earth increases with depth. The rate of temperature increase with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. If water percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it comes into contact with hot rocks. The water from hot springs in non-volcanic areas is heated in this manner.
Hot spring
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pollinator insects have filled their ecological niche. St. Louis County has a continental climate, with neither large mountains nor large bodies of water to moderate its temperature. The area is affected by both cold Canadian Arctic air, and also hot, humid air from the Gulf of Mexico. The county has four distinct seasons. Spring is the wettest season and produces erratic severe weather ranging from tornadoes to winter storms. Summers are hot, and the humidity can cause the heat index to rise to temperatures above . Fall is mild, with lower humidity and can produce intermittent bouts of heavy rainfall
St. Louis County, Missouri
1795035
installation of ductwork in unheated areas, such as attics and crawl spaces; or ductwork of air conditioning systems in attics in warm climates. A home furnace is a major appliance that is permanently installed to provide heat to an interior space through intermediary fluid movement, which may be air, steam, or hot water. Heating appliances that use steam or hot water as the fluid are normally referred to as a residential steam boiler or residential hot water boiler. The most common fuel source for modern furnaces in North America and much of Europe is natural gas; other common fuel sources
Furnace
6852599
each is a brick oven in which granite boulders, approximately the size of watermelons, are heated to extreme temperatures by gas jets; hot water is then thrown on the rocks by the customers as desired. When this happens, the water instantly evaporates, creating steam inside the oven and heating the brick enclosure, thereby raising the air temperature in the room. This method provides a much dryer heat than common steam rooms. The bathers would sit or lie on three-level tiered wooden benches, which allow for dramatically different temperatures at the various heights. Cold water is provided by taps located under
Division Street Russian and Turkish Baths
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Surajkund hot spring Surajkund hot spring (also called Surya Kund) is a natural hot spring in Belkapi gram panchayat of Barkatha community development block in Barhi subdivision of Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Surajkund has a hot water spring containing sulfur that has healing properties. Tourism department of Jharkhand Government has planned to set up spas, saunas, massage parlours, restaurants and convention halls here, Surajkund hot spring is claimed to be the hottest spring in India. Surajkund hot spring has a surface temperature of and an average subsurface temperature of . According to recent assessment, India has
Surajkund hot spring
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It is similar to areas on Earth where water or steam from hot springs came into contact with volcanic rocks. On Earth, these are locations that tend to teem with bacteria, said rover chief scientist Steve Squyres. "We're really excited about this," he told a meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). The area is extremely rich in silica–the main ingredient of window glass. The researchers have now concluded that the bright material must have been produced in one of two ways. One: hot-spring deposits produced when water dissolved silica at one location and then carried it to another (i.e.
Spirit (rover)
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Taptapani Taptapani is famous for its hot sulfur water spring.nearest town Mohana, which about 16 km away in Gajapati district. The name “Taptapani” also suggests that. “Tapta” means hot and “pani” means water. The hot water from the natural spring of Taptapani are attributed with medicinal properties and can be bathed in at the pond created next to the hot spring. The hot spring is situated at the eastern slope of the eastern ghat at a crest of the hill with in the lush green forest having wide range of flora and fauna. The other attractions of Taptapani are its
Taptapani
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to the Ravana era and the first written references to a hot water spring near to Gokarna bay (Trincomalee) is said to be found in the epic Ramayana. However it is also believed that this wells were part of a Buddhist monastery and Buddhist monks used this place as a part of their complex. Kanniya hot water spring The Kanniya Hot Springs (, ) is a site with hot wells located in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. There are seven wells in a square shape. Wells are only 3–4 feet deep and you can clearly see the bottom. The temperature is considerably
Kanniya hot water spring
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hot and cold jets of water, including jets of steam and cooling sprays of water. The suit can absorb heat into its power cells, provides its wearer with a personal force field, and enables feats of super-strength and super-speed. Heather is a master combat strategist, and received combat training in hand-to-hand combat from Puck and Wolverine. A black Canadian version of Heather Hudson, who served as her Alpha Flight's version of Sasquatch, was a member of the Exiles, recruited against her will to replace a brain-damaged Thunderbird by the Timebroker. Little was revealed about her background or how she gained
Vindicator (comics)
2021455
Sentō Another type of Japanese public bath is "onsen", which uses hot water from a natural hot spring. In general the word onsen means that the bathing facility has at least one bath filled with natural hot spring water. However throughout the Kansai region of Japan the word "onsen" is also a commonly used naming scheme for sentō. Sentō and supersentō in Kansai that do have access to a hot spring will often differentiate themselves by having "natural hot spring" (天然温泉) somewhere on their signage. There are many different looks for a Japanese "sentō", or public bath. Most traditional "sentō",
Sentō
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Tamagawa Hot Spring The Tamagawa Hot Spring in Senboku, Akita Prefecture, Japan is the highest flow rate hot spring in Japan. The spring has a flow rate of 150 litres/second. It feeds a 3-meter wide stream with a temperature of 98 °C. The water from Tamagawa Hot Spring is very acidic, with a pH of about 1.1. There is radioactive radium gas and other radioactive materials dissolved in the water from the hot spring. There are deposits of the radioactive mineral hokutolite near the spring. Hokutolite is composed of a type of barite (barium sulfate), including lead and traces of
Tamagawa Hot Spring
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by flood waters. However, Zhiben's infrastructure was very rapidly restored and as of autumn 2009 the main spas are once more operational and easy to reach from Taitung City. Zhiben Hot Spring The Zhiben Hot Spring () is a hot spring in Beinan, Taitung County, Taiwan. It is one of the most famous Taiwanese hot springs. The Puyuma people, which inhabited in the area, learned that the Zhiben Hot Spring was healthy to the human body. During the Japanese rule era, the government set up public baths using water from the hot spring. On 8 August 2009 Zhiben was one
Zhiben Hot Spring
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Zhiben Hot Spring The Zhiben Hot Spring () is a hot spring in Beinan, Taitung County, Taiwan. It is one of the most famous Taiwanese hot springs. The Puyuma people, which inhabited in the area, learned that the Zhiben Hot Spring was healthy to the human body. During the Japanese rule era, the government set up public baths using water from the hot spring. On 8 August 2009 Zhiben was one of many places in Taiwan to be badly hit by Typhoon Morakot (2009) and made international news headlines when an eyewitness filmed the collapse of a riverside hotel undermined
Zhiben Hot Spring
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would probably be contained, and would in fact, being dispersed, probably be more easily cooled. See WASH-1400 for details. Steam explosions are often encountered where hot lava meets sea water. Such an occurrence is also called a littoral explosion. A dangerous steam explosion can also be created when liquid water encounters hot, molten metal. As the water explodes into steam, it splashes the burning hot liquid metal along with it, causing an extreme risk of severe burns to anyone located nearby and creating a fire hazard. A water vapor explosion creates a high volume of gas without producing environmentally harmful
Steam explosion
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517 km. This railway was operated by QJ steam engines operating in tandem until Autumn 2005. The railway has many spectacular features, particularly viaducts, and is now dieselised. Reshui is in a development phase with many new buildings from 2004 and a new road by pass. There are several raided burial tombs in a necropolis in Reshui. The Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty said the water from Reshui was " holy water as precious as golden spring". Kangxi used to take hot water baths in Reshui after battles. Other emperors have also enjoyed the hot waters of Reshui. Reshui
Reshui Township
2021485
Hot Spring Story) in Odaiba, Tokyo. (Note: The "Ōedo Onsen Monogatari" is not a "sentō".) Some of these modern facilities may require the use of swimsuits and are similar to a water park. Sentō Another type of Japanese public bath is "onsen", which uses hot water from a natural hot spring. In general the word onsen means that the bathing facility has at least one bath filled with natural hot spring water. However throughout the Kansai region of Japan the word "onsen" is also a commonly used naming scheme for sentō. Sentō and supersentō in Kansai that do have access
Sentō
7923472
heated up to a high temperature (approx. 250-500 °C). As the hot water goes through the nozzle (usually a de Laval nozzle) and the pressure reduces, the water flashes to steam pressing on the nozzle, and leaving at high speed. By the recoil the rocket accelerates in the opposite direction to the steam. The nozzle of hot water rockets must be able to withstand high pressure, high temperatures and the particularly corrosive nature of hot water. The simplest design has a pressurised water tank where the water is heated before launch, however, this gives a very low exhaust velocity since
Steam rocket
2798452
Water heating Water heating is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water include cooking, cleaning, bathing, and space heating. In industry, hot water and water heated to steam have many uses. Domestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as "water heaters", "kettles", "cauldrons", "pots", or "coppers". These metal vessels that heat a batch of water do not produce a continual supply of heated water at a preset temperature. Rarely, hot water occurs naturally, usually from natural hot springs. The temperature varies with the consumption
Water heating
762089
that are renowned for their hot springs include China, Costa Rica, Iceland, Iran, Japan, New Zealand, Peru, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States, but there are hot springs in many other places as well: The customs and practices observed differ depending on the hot spring. It is common practice that bathers should wash before entering the water so as not to contaminate the water (with/without soap). In many countries, like Japan, it is required to enter the hot spring with no clothes on, including swimwear. Typically in these circumstances, there are different facilities or times for men and women. In
Hot spring
11790283
Electric boiler An electric boiler is a device that uses electrical energy to boil water. Small electric water boilers are portable household appliances, used to prepare hot beverages or other food items. They may provide a reservoir of hot water to be kept at a fixed temperature or to allow tea to be steeped at a controlled temperature. They are manually filled with water every time hot water is desired. An electric steam boiler is intended to produce steam for process industry or other uses, such as drying, heat treating, and others. These are generally permanently installed systems with connections
Electric boiler
18254485
Kanniya hot water spring The Kanniya Hot Springs (, ) is a site with hot wells located in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. There are seven wells in a square shape. Wells are only 3–4 feet deep and you can clearly see the bottom. The temperature is considerably high but vary slightly from one spring to another. Wells run out of water, when 10-15 buckets of water are taken out. The old ruins of the monastery still visible over the area, but it seems that most of those artifacts were destroyed during the Sri Lankan Civil War. On 9 September 2011, the
Kanniya hot water spring
13893305
Mountain Valley Spring Water Mountain Valley Spring Water is an American brand of spring water bottled in Hot Springs, Arkansas. It has been bottled continuously since 1871 and is currently owned by Clear Mountain Spring Water Company of Little Rock, Arkansas. Mountain Valley Spring Water is distributed across the United States. Mountain Valley water originates at a protected spring just west of Highway 7 North, approximately twelve miles from downtown Hot Springs. In 1871, pharmacist Peter E. Greene and his brother, John Greene, were the first to sell Mountain Valley Spring Water, which was then known in the Hot Springs
Mountain Valley Spring Water
462254
water, such as certain metals or hot carbon such as coal, charcoal, or coke graphite, decompose the water, producing water gas. The power of such explosions was seen in the Chernobyl disaster, although the water involved did not come from fire-fighting at that time but the reactor's own water cooling system. A steam explosion occurred when the extreme overheating of the core caused water to flash into steam. A hydrogen explosion may have occurred as a result of reaction between steam and hot zirconium. Humans use water for many recreational purposes, as well as for exercising and for sports. Some
Water
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very hot to cool. A Durga temple has been constructed in more recent years. Surajkund is located at . Surajkund is from Hazaribagh and from Barkatha on NH 19 (old NH 2) (Grand Trunk Road). Surajkund hot spring Surajkund hot spring (also called Surya Kund) is a natural hot spring in Belkapi gram panchayat of Barkatha community development block in Barhi subdivision of Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Surajkund has a hot water spring containing sulfur that has healing properties. Tourism department of Jharkhand Government has planned to set up spas, saunas, massage parlours, restaurants and convention
Surajkund hot spring
19976046
Dalkeith Hot Pool Dalkeith Hot Pool was an open air hot spring in Dalkeith, Western Australia. It was situated on the foreshore of the Swan River near Sunset Heritage Precinct at the foot of the escarpment. The hot spring was created in 1922 when the casing of a pipe burst that was part of a nearly artesian well into the Yarragadee Aquifer. This well had been drilled in 1908 on the Dalkeith foreshore to provide water, as mains water was not available at the time. After the pipe burst, locals built the Dalkeith Hot Pool by enclosing the escaping hot
Dalkeith Hot Pool
11790267
overall thermal efficiency is variable, depending on the efficiency with which the electricity is generated. The process of creating steam with an electric boiler is fairly simple. Electricity is run through a heating element that acts as a resistor to create heat through resistance. Water from the system or holding tank is then run over or near this hot element in a pipe or tank, heating the water to a suitable temperature, then making the water hot enough to boil and become saturated steam, at which point the saturated steam is transported to wherever it is needed via the steam
Electric steam boiler
2224057
in 2015 by the Shasta Historical Society. Lassen Peak remains an active volcano, as volcanic activity including fumaroles (steam vents), hot springs, and mudpots can be found throughout Lassen Volcanic National Park. Their activity varies based on the season; during the spring, when meltwater is more abundant, fumaroles and pools of water have lower temperatures, while mudpots have more fluid mud supplies. During summer and droughts, they become drier and hotter, since they cannot be cooled by ground water. Geothermal activity can be observed at Bumpass Hell, Little Hot Springs Valley, Pilot Pinnacle, Sulphur Works, Devils Kitchen, Boiling Springs Lake,
Lassen Peak
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Beppu Onsen The most significant characteristic of Beppu's hot springs is the richness of its resources. The volume of water discharged is second only to that of the Yellowstone National Park in the United States. There are 2,909 hot spring vents within the city, and these account for more than 10% of the 27,644 hot spring vents in Japan, according to a survey conducted by the Ministry of the Environment in 2004. Statistics from the Beppu City Hall show that more than 130,000 tons of hot spring water gushes from the ground every day. This is the second largest amount
Beppu Onsen
5893120
also differ from black coal and typically draw hot gas from the furnace-exit level and mix it with the incoming coal in fan-type mills that inject the pulverized coal and hot gas mixture into the boiler. Plants that use gas turbines to heat the water for conversion into steam use boilers known as heat recovery steam generators (HRSG). The exhaust heat from the gas turbines is used to make superheated steam that is then used in a conventional water-steam generation cycle, as described in the gas turbine combined-cycle plants section. The water enters the boiler through a section in the
Thermal power station
20446222
preparation for his 1897 boxing match with Robert Fitzsimmons. Carson Hot Springs Carson Hot Springs is a natural hot spring located in Carson City, Nevada in the Eagle Valley. The spring emits approximately 60 gallons of 120° Fahrenheit geothermally heated groundwater per minute, and is the largest hot spring in the Eagle Valley. The groundwater originates at () below the earth's surface, and the pools at the site are filled with water pumped from the spring. Today, it is a resort that provides private indoor soaking areas, an outdoor swimming pool, massage and dining. The Carson Hot Springs were first
Carson Hot Springs
20446219
Carson Hot Springs Carson Hot Springs is a natural hot spring located in Carson City, Nevada in the Eagle Valley. The spring emits approximately 60 gallons of 120° Fahrenheit geothermally heated groundwater per minute, and is the largest hot spring in the Eagle Valley. The groundwater originates at () below the earth's surface, and the pools at the site are filled with water pumped from the spring. Today, it is a resort that provides private indoor soaking areas, an outdoor swimming pool, massage and dining. The Carson Hot Springs were first used by Washoe Native Americans in the area. In
Carson Hot Springs
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The water is slightly alkaline and contains gypsum. The mean temperature for the water is 32°C. The area houses nine small hot spring inns. The hot spring is accessible by bus from Kanazawa Station of West Japan Railway Company. Yuwaku Onsen The is a hot spring resort in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As with several other hot spring resorts in the area, Yuwaku Onsen claims to have been founded in the Nara period by a paper-maker who followed an injured white heron and discovered that it was healing itself in the warm waters. The "onsen" developed was developed by the
Yuwaku Onsen
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content decreasing from the northern springs over the southwestern ones to the eastern springs, where sulfate is more frequent. This sulfate enrichment appears to be driven by the steam-driven evaporation of the hot spring water, with the sulfate forming when hydrogen sulfide is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen. The decreasing chloride content on the other hand appears to be due to drainage coming from the east diluting the southern and western and especially eastern spring systems. Steam vents are particularly noticeable in the morning hours when the steam columns emanating from them are particularly visible, and temperatures of have been found.
El Tatio
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the oil jets. The fire-tube boiler has internal tubes connecting the firebox to the smokebox through which the combustion gases flow transferring heat to the water. All the tubes together provide a large contact area, called the tube heating surface, between the gas and water in the boiler. Boiler water surrounds the firebox to stop the metal from becoming too hot. This is another area where the gas transfers heat to the water and is called the firebox heating surface. Ash and char collect in the smokebox as the gas gets drawn up the chimney ("stack" or "smokestack" in the
Steam locomotive
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for the traffic by the end of November due to the heavy snowfall in the area. There is at least one more hot spring in Tamagawa. Nibukawa Hot Spring is also in Tamagawa. Tamagawa Hot Spring The Tamagawa Hot Spring in Senboku, Akita Prefecture, Japan is the highest flow rate hot spring in Japan. The spring has a flow rate of 150 litres/second. It feeds a 3-meter wide stream with a temperature of 98 °C. The water from Tamagawa Hot Spring is very acidic, with a pH of about 1.1. There is radioactive radium gas and other radioactive materials dissolved
Tamagawa Hot Spring
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(CHPDH) is the cheapest method of cutting carbon emissions, and has one of the lowest carbon footprints of all fossil generation plants. A combination of CHP and centralized heat pumps are used in the Stockholm multi energy system. This allows the production of heat through electricity when there is an abundance of intermittent power production and cogeneration of electric power and district heating when the availability of intermittent power production is low. District heating traces its roots to the hot water-heated baths and greenhouses of the ancient Roman Empire. Usually, a hot water distribution system in Chaudes-Aigues in France is
District heating
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Hot tub A hot tub is a large tub or small pool full of water used for hydrotherapy, relaxation or pleasure. Some have powerful jets for massage purposes. Hot tubs are sometimes also known as spas or by the trade name Jacuzzi. In contrast to a typical bathtub, a hot tub is designed to be used by more than one person at a time, with many models accommodating four people. Hot tubs are usually located outdoors, although they can be installed indoors. Also, the water in a hot tub is not changed with each use, but is kept sanitary using
Hot tub
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the Tinglayan-Tulgao road. Unfortunately mist, cloud, and intermittent rain could easily prevent all photography. The fumarole field can be accessed through Dananao, Tulgao or Sumadel in Tinglayan. Numerous hot springs, both fresh water, and sulfurous water, exist in a wide half ring around the south and western sides of Binuluan. Bu-ot fumarole field, Bum-bag fumarole fields, and Sugu-oc fumarole field, all have hot sulfurous water springs. Along the Pasil River upstream from Bu-ot, six hot sulfurous water springs and one fumarole are said to be located. Downstream from Bu-ot on the Sun-ut River below the village of Ag-agama, is the
Mount Binuluan
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designated as a national health "onsen" resort. With numerous jets of white steam emitting from gushing hot springs, this area is a must see destination for Beppu sightseers. Charming shops and Ryokan (Japanese inn) are tucked along the narrow and winding streets. It is also known for steam baths. Myoban Onsen, on the hill facing Beppu Bay, is a small, quiet mountain resort. Visitors enjoy several types of thermals such as mud bath or milky water bath accompanied by a distinctive sulphuric odor. Mineral deposits are worked at the thatched "Yunohana-goya". Located west of Kankaiji Onsen area, Horita Onsen is
Beppu Onsen
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are a rare and short-lived phenomenon, typically surviving no more than three or four minutes, and the smaller ones over hot springs dissipating in a matter of seconds. Steam devils can become detached from their base and be blown downstream by the wind. On small bodies of water such as hot springs this can mean that the steam devil ends up over land away from the water altogether. Such steam devils continue to rotate even after they have become detached from the source of heat, but will soon dissipate. Very small steam devils may have a poorly defined column and
Steam devil
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bay, in the middle of the ocean and is the island shrine of Uma's consort Shiva, known in the three worlds and worshipped by all peoples from the subcontinent, including the native tribes Naga, Deva and the Yaksha, the rivers, ocean and mountains. It continues that the Koneshwara Temple and Hot water spring is the next pilgrimage spot for Hindus en route south following Kanyakumari of the early Pandyan kingdom and Tamiraparni island (Kudiramalai) and that worshippers should fast for three days at the temple. According to the local beliefs, the history of Kanniya hot water spring is dated back
Kanniya hot water spring
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what you would expect to see in the high desert. There are intermittent douglas fir and lodgepole pine trees along the riparian zone and in the higher elevations of the trail. Otherwise, sagebrush and native grasses are abundant mixed in with the rocky terrain. It is not unusual to see snakes in the area, including poisonous rattlesnakes. Big game, such as Mule deer can be seen occasionally, along with rare black bears. Jackrabbits, badgers and other small game are fairly common. Goldbug Hot Springs Goldbug Hot Springs is a hot spring located in the Salmon-Challis National Forest about 20 miles
Goldbug Hot Springs
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of Dogo. The spring had good quality and visiting it wascheap, soit was popular among the people of the town. Because the flow of hot spring water was small, it couldn't be divided and brought to hotels. Since about 1603, thehot spring had been dividedinto three hot spring rooms and a free outdoor hot spring for cures. Those two springs supported Dogo Yunomachi. However, both of them were quite old and needed to be renewed. During the two years that Isaniwa Yukiya served as a mayor, he changed many things. First, he began charging money fora free outdoor hot spring
Isaniwa Yukiya
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of a pendulum always to swing back towards a vertical position. In the 1990s NASA combined the Philberth probe design with ideas drawn from hot-water drills, to design a cryobot probe that had hot water jets in addition to a hotpoint nose. Once the probe was submerged in a thin layer of meltwater, the water was drawn in and reheated, emerging at the nose as a jet. This design was intended to help move particulate matter away from the nose, as a hot-water drill tends to. A version with no analytical tools on board was built and field tested in
Ice drilling
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flooding (see sketch) is one means of introducing heat to the reservoir by pumping steam into the well with a pattern similar to that of water injection. Eventually the steam condenses to hot water; in the steam zone the oil evaporates, and in the hot water zone the oil expands. As a result, the oil expands, the viscosity drops, and the permeability increases. To ensure success the process has to be cyclical. This is the principal enhanced oil recovery program in use today. Fire flooding works best when the oil saturation and porosity are high. Combustion generates the heat within
Enhanced oil recovery
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offer many health benefits. As well as raising energy levels, the minerals in the water are commonly suggested to help treat chronic fatigue, eczema or arthritis. During Japanese rule, the four major hot springs in Taiwan were in modern-day Beitou, Yangmingshan, Guanziling and Sichongxi. However, under Republic of China administration starting from 1945, the hot spring culture in Taiwan gradually lost momentum. It was not until 1999 that the authorities again started large-scale promotion of Taiwan's hot springs, setting off a renewed hot spring fever. In recent years, hot spring spas and resorts on Taiwan have gained more popularity. With
Taiwanese hot springs
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the road is closed near former Lake Mills and adds to the hike, and more elevation gain. Another hot spring in the area is the developed Sol Duc Hot Springs.The springs lie on a fault and it is likely that the breaks in the rock allow surface water to be heated and driven back from the hot interior of the earth. However geologists say they are uncertain of the mechanism that produce the springs. The depth of the pools averages around one foot. Some pools are deeper due to rocks being placed to block the exit of the spring water.
Olympic Hot Springs
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support tourism in Thailand. There also be foot massage and Thai massage service, and selling spa products which contain mostly ingredients from the hot spring water. Kantang Hot Spring Forest Park Kantang Hot Spring Forest Park (Thai: วนอุทยานบ่อน้ำร้อนกันตัง) is a forest park in Thailand which is opened as a health care for tourist attraction. Kantang Hot Spring Forest Park, also known as Khuan Kaeng Hot Spring, is located in Kantang District of Trang Province, the South of Thailand, on the area of Khuan Kaeng National Forest. The Royal Forest Department established it to be the Forest Park on June 9th,
Kantang Hot Spring Forest Park
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however, there are numerous primitive campgrounds. There is also a campground above the highest pool along Warm Spring Creek. Overnight campers will enjoy almost zero light pollution. The hot spring is free and open year-round. It is not unusual to find visitors skinny dipping. While the hot spring is open year-round, heavy snow in the winter may cause difficulties in accessing it. Temperatures in the pools will be rather chilly in the winter. Summertime temperatures can get extremely hot, and it is suggested that hikers bring extra water and sunblock with them. Plants and animals near Goldbug Hot Spring are
Goldbug Hot Springs
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known for their large displacement air-cooled V8 car engines; Tatra engineer Julius Mackerle published a book on it. Air-cooled engines are better adapted to extremely cold and hot environmental weather temperatures: you can see air-cooled engines starting and running in freezing conditions that seized water-cooled engines and continue working when water-cooled ones start producing steam jets. Air-cooled engines have may be an advantage from a thermodynamic point of view due to higher operating temperature. The worst problem met in air-cooled aircraft engines was the so-called "Shock cooling", when the airplane entered in a dive after climbing or level flight with
Internal combustion engine cooling
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Atri (hot spring) Atri a small village in the Khurda district of Odisha. Atri is around 15 km west of Khurda. The nearest airport is at Bhubaneswar. Nearest railhead is Khurda Road Junction Railway Station. Atri is famous for its perennial hot spring. The hot spring is reputed to have medical properties which is used both intensively and extensively for the cure of skin diseases. The water of the hot spring (57 °C) contains small doses of sulphur flavour when heated to 100 °C. There is a Bathing Complex of Govt. of Odisha at Atri. Not far from the Hot
Atri (hot spring)
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volume. A steam explosion sprays steam and boiling-hot water and the hot medium that heated it in all directions (if not otherwise confined, e.g. by the walls of a container), creating a danger of scalding and burning. Steam explosions are not normally chemical explosions, although a number of substances react chemically with steam (for example, zirconium and superheated graphite react with steam and air respectively to give off hydrogen, which burns violently in air) so that chemical explosions and fires may follow. Some steam explosions appear to be special kinds of boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), and rely on
Steam explosion
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such as CNN. Fossils from the Miocene era have been found in the vicinity. Ginzan Onsen Ginzan Onsen (銀山温泉) is an onsen (hot spring) area in Obanazawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Its name means "silver mine hot spring". Ginzan Onsen's economy took off thanks to its booming silver production and eventually transitioned over to tourism when it opened up dozens of hot spring resorts along the central river that runs through the town. The mountains that surround this town yield rich hot spring water that is used both in the private hotels and public baths in the city center. Ginzan onsen
Ginzan Onsen
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Ginzan Onsen Ginzan Onsen (銀山温泉) is an onsen (hot spring) area in Obanazawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Its name means "silver mine hot spring". Ginzan Onsen's economy took off thanks to its booming silver production and eventually transitioned over to tourism when it opened up dozens of hot spring resorts along the central river that runs through the town. The mountains that surround this town yield rich hot spring water that is used both in the private hotels and public baths in the city center. Ginzan onsen became nationally famous as it was featured in the popular television drama Oshin. Each
Ginzan Onsen
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is named for the sulfur springs located there, including the world's deepest geothermal hot spring. This "Mother Spring" feeds the pools hosted by three local hot spring soaking locations within town. The water from the "Mother" Spring is approximately 144°F. The largest is at The Springs Resort & Spa which hosts the mother spring. Other hot springs facilities in town are the Healing Waters Resort and Spa and the Overlook Hot Springs Spa. The mineral-rich water continues to be celebrated for its therapeutic powers. The Utes called the sulfur-rich mineral springs "Pah gosah", which is commonly translated in modern documents
Pagosa Springs, Colorado
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use area that is only open from sunrise to sunset. Deer Creek Hot Springs Deer Creek Hot Springs (also known as Bigelow Hot Springs) is a small hot spring along the McKenzie River in the Cascade Range of western Oregon, United States. The pools usually have a rock ring providing of depth over coarse sand and measure about . When the McKenzie is high (winter and spring), the pools are combined into a single pool and inundated with cold water. The spring comes out of a shallow overhanging cave and its temperature is normally . The springs are located south
Deer Creek Hot Springs
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Mammoth Hot Springs Mammoth Hot Springs is a large complex of hot springs on a hill of travertine in Yellowstone National Park adjacent to Fort Yellowstone and the Mammoth Hot Springs Historic District. It was created over thousands of years as hot water from the spring cooled and deposited calcium carbonate (over two tons flow into Mammoth each day in a solution). Because of the huge amount of geothermal vents, travertine flourishes. Although these springs lie outside the caldera boundary, their energy has been attributed to the same magmatic system that fuels other Yellowstone geothermal areas. The hot water that
Mammoth Hot Springs
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inlet borehole to pass easily through the mass and to be collected at an outlet borehole some distance away. The trial proved to be successful, and showed that explosives were not required to fracture this Cornish hot granite at depth. 2)To find out if the rocks were hot enough to make steam for a turbine to generate electricity. This second aim was not achieved at the depths attained. Though the rocks did yield substantial quantities of hot water, to reach a temperature to generate steam hot enough to drive a turbine would have required drilling a further kilometre or more
Rosemanowes Quarry
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Trego Hot Springs Trego Hot Springs is located in the Black Rock Desert at the location of Trego, Nevada, a former station on the Western Pacific Railroad. The name "Trego" dates from the 1910s, just after the railroad was built. Previously, the springs had names like Hot Springs, Kyles Hot Springs (1864), Butte Spring, and Butte Hot Spring. Today, Trego is known for its hot springs, which is a long ditch with a soft mud bottom. The springs are at the north end, near the railroad tracks, and the water flows south. Garside reports that the springs have a temperature
Trego Hot Springs
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which the external surface was not sufficiently large to throw off the unrecovered heat when the engine was working with highly compressed air.” Parkinson and Crossley, English patent, 1828 came up with their own hot air engine. In this engine the air-chamber is partly exposed, by submergence in cold water, to external cold, and its upper portion is heated by steam. An internal vessel moves up and down in this chamber, and in so doing displaces the air, alternately exposing it to the hot and cold influences of the cold water and the hot steam, changing its temperature and expansive
Hot air engine
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million, is designed to produce 495 megawatts (MW) of electric power. The turbine-generators alone will cost US$77.84 million. Mitsubishi Power Systems is supplying M501J gas turbines and SRT-50 steam turbines for the new unit. which is expected to be put in service in spring 2017. Concurrently, the Authority renamed the Chouteau complex as the Grand River Energy Center. The new combined cycle generation process is energy-efficient because natural gas fuels a gas turbine that directly generates power. Then the hot turbine exhaust gas is cooled by boiling water to generate more steam, which drives a steam-powered generator and generates more
Grand River Dam Authority
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steam supply had depleted and generation was substantially reduced. To restore some of the former capacity, supplemental water injection was developed during the 1990s and 2000s, including utilization of effluent from nearby municipal sewage treatment facilities. Flash steam stations pull deep, high-pressure hot water into lower-pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive turbines. They require fluid temperatures of at least 180 °C, usually more. This is the most common type of station in operation today. Flash steam plants use geothermal reservoirs of water with temperatures greater than 360 °F (182 °C). The hot water flows up through
Geothermal power
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the ice. More development work was done in the 1970s. Hot water drills are now capable of drilling very deep holes: for example, between 2004 and 2011, a large hot water drill at the South Pole was used to drill 86 holes to a depth of 2.5 km to set strings of sensors in the boreholes, for the IceCube project. Hot water coring drills have also been developed. An early steam drill was developed by F. Howorka in the early 1960s for work in the Alps. Steam drills are not used for holes deeper than 30 m, as they are
Ice drilling
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Scalding Scalding (from the Latin word "calidus", meaning hot) is a form of thermal burn resulted from heated fluids such as boiling water or steam. Most scalds are considered first or second degree burns, but third degree burns can result, especially with prolonged contact. Most scalds result from exposure to high-temperature water such as tap water in baths and showers or cooking water boiled for the preparation of foods or from the spilling of hot drinks, such as coffee. Scalds can be more severe when steam impinges on the naked skin, because steam can reach higher temperatures than water and
Scalding
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for the tanks to be emptied and refilled with cold water on a regular basis. Ordinary injectors will not work with hot water (until hot-water injectors were developed) so condensing locomotives were usually fitted with axle-driven boiler feedwater pumps. When not working in tunnels, the steam was directed to the blast pipe and up the chimney in the usual way. In Britain, locomotives working on roadside steam tramways were required by law to have condensers. Water tank condensers (as above) were sometimes used but air-condensers were more common. A steam tram engine usually had a full-length roof and this was
Condensing steam locomotive
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wells in the ground under its own pressure. As it flows upward, the pressure decreases and some of the hot water boils into steam. The steam is then separated from the water and used to power a turbine/generator. Any leftover water and condensed steam may be injected back into the reservoir, making this a potentially sustainable resource. Binary cycle power stations are the most recent development, and can accept fluid temperatures as low as 57 °C. The moderately hot geothermal water is passed by a secondary fluid with a much lower boiling point than water. This causes the secondary fluid
Geothermal power
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which was then the dominant source of power in industry. Condenserless steam engines achieved an average thermal efficiency (the fraction of generated heat that is actually turned into useful work) of around 6%. Hot-bulb engines could easily achieve 12% thermal efficiency. From the 1910s to the 1950s, hot-bulb engines were more economical to manufacture with their low-pressure crude-fuel injection and had a lower compression ratio than Diesel's compression-ignition engines. The hot-bulb engine is much simpler to construct and operate than the steam engine. Boilers require at least one person to add water and fuel as needed and to monitor pressure
Hot-bulb engine
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ground and causes mounds of sulfur three feet (1 m) high to develop around fumaroles. The very hot acidic water and steam have also created voids in the ground that are only covered by a thin crust. See Mammoth Hot Springs. The thermal features at Mud Volcano and Sulfur cauldron are primarily mud pots and fumaroles because the area is situated on a perched water system with little water available. Fumaroles or "steam vents" occur when the ground water boils away faster than it can be recharged. Also, the vapors are rich in sulfuric acid that leaches the rock, breaking
Geothermal areas of Yellowstone
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water. Eventually the egret became well and flew away. People who watched this situation soaked in the hot spring and their health improved. The news spread that the hot spring was beneficial for one's health, and the spring became popular. A long time ago, there were two small gods, Okuninushi no Mikoto and Sukunahikona no Mikoto. They came from Izumo to Dogo. Sukunahikona no Mikoto contracted a bad illness and his days were numbered. Okuninushi no Mikoto made Sukunahikona no Mikoto soak in the hot spring. Sukunahikona no Mikoto regained his health and danced on a stone in the hot
Dōgo Onsen
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separate component. Smokeboxes are usually made from riveted or welded steel plate and the floor is lined with concrete to protect the steel from hot char and acid or rainwater attack. To assist the passage of the smoke and hot gases, a blower is often used. This is a pipe ending in a ring containing pin-sized holes, which creates a "ring" of steam jets. The steam forces out the smoke and draws further gases through the tubes. This in turn causes air to be drawn through the grate and firehole, making the fire burn hotter. When the locomotive is in
Smokebox
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10 L to 35 L. Smaller water heaters are sufficient, as ambient weather temperatures and incoming water temperature are moderate. A locational design decision may be made between point-of-use and centralized water heaters. Centralized water heaters are more traditional, and are still a good choice for small buildings. For larger buildings with intermittent or occasional hot water use, multiple POU water heaters may be a better choice, since they can reduce long waits for hot water to arrive from a remote heater. The decision where to locate the water heater(s) is only partially independent of the decision of a tanked
Water heating
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Geothermal Data System (NGDS). Through the NGDS, many older paper archives and drill logs that are stored at state geological surveys are now being digitized and made available for free to the public. The underground hot water and steam used to generate geothermal power may contain chemicals that could pollute the air and water if released at the surface. Hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic in high concentrations, is sometimes found in geothermal systems. Newer methods of generating geothermal power separate the hot steam collected underground from the steam used to power turbines, and substantially reduce the risk of releasing air-polluting
Geothermal energy in the United States
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often used in mineral exploration for rock drilling. In the 1940s, thermal drills began to be used; these drills melt the ice by heating the drill. Drills that use jets of hot water or steam to bore through ice soon followed. A growing interest in ice cores, used for palaeoclimatological research, led to ice coring drills being developed in the 1950s and 1960s, and there are now many different coring drills in use. For obtaining ice cores from deep holes, most investigators use cable-suspended electromechanical drills, which use an armoured cable to carry electrical power to a mechanical drill at
Ice drilling
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Carpet cleaning Carpet cleaning, for appearance, and the removal of stains, dirt, and allergens is done through several methods. Clean carpets are recognized by manufacturers as being more visually pleasing, potentially longer-lasting, and probably healthier than poorly maintained carpets. Although there is an actual steam cleaning industrial process, in the context of carpet cleaning, "steam cleaning" is often mistaken for hot water soil extraction cleaning, which is professionally known as HWE. The hot water soil extraction cleaning method uses equipment that sprays heated water and detergent on the carpet and simultaneously, the water and detergent is extracted, along with any
Carpet cleaning
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the Urban Redevelopment Authority, Singapore Land Authority and MINDEF on “the feasibility of using the area as a park. According to local geologists, the exact source of the spring remains unknown, but it is believed that its origin may be southwest of its actual location, possibly at Bukit Timah. Hot springs are formed when underground water comes into contact with hot rock masses. The resulting high pressure causes the water to seep upwards through cracks, forcing itself out of the ground as a spring. A series of tests conducted by the PSB Corporation and SGS Testing & Control Services found
Sembawang Hot Spring