what is the meaning of scnc in cameroon
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Southern Cameroons National Council The Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) is a self-determination organisation seeking the independence of the anglophone Southern Cameroons from the predominantly francophone Republic of Cameroon (La République de Cameroun). It is a non-violent organization with the motto "The force of argument, not the argument of force." Because the SCNC advocates separation from Cameroon, it has been declared an illegal organization by the government of Paul Biya. Security forces regularly interrupt SCNC meetings, arresting members and typically detaining them for several days before release. After achieving independence in the 1950s, Cameroon took territorial control over the area
Southern Cameroons National Council
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Southern Cameroons National Council The Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) is a self-determination organisation seeking the independence of the anglophone Southern Cameroons from the predominantly francophone Republic of Cameroon (La République de Cameroun). It is a non-violent organization with the motto "The force of argument, not the argument of force." Because the SCNC advocates separation from Cameroon, it has been declared an illegal organization by the government of Paul Biya. Security forces regularly interrupt SCNC meetings, arresting members and typically detaining them for several days before release. After achieving independence in the 1950s, Cameroon took territorial control over the area
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October 2012, it has been resolved that Cameroon own Bakassi. Cameroon also faces a complaint filed with the African Commission on Human Rights by the Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) and the Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation (SCAPO) against the Government of the Republic of Cameroon, in which the complainants allege that the Republic of Cameroon is illegally occupying the territory of Southern Cameroons. The SCNC and SCAPO ultimately seek the independence of the territory of Southern Cameroons. As of 2008, both parties have submitted briefs and responded to the Human Rights Commissions' inquiries. A ruling by the African Commission on
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political organizations committed to independence, rather than a return to autonomy. The Southern Cameroons National Council was the elected body in charge of organizing SCPC efforts with the initial chairman being Sam Ekontang Elad. In 1995, the SCNC rose to political prominence with a host of efforts to push for secession of the anglophone Southern Cameroons from the country of Cameroon. The government of Cameroon was finishing its application to join the Commonwealth of Nations and the SCNC organized a number of publicity activities to oppose this inclusion. In August 1995, the SCNC petitioned the UN to intervene and mediate
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2011, Chief Ayamba Ette Otun was arrested while traveling through the country. He was released soon afterwards without charge. In October 2011, a meeting in Buea was disrupted and 50 members were arrested and released without charge days later. In June 2014, longtime SCNC Chairman Chief Ayamba Ette Otun died aged 91; the current Chairman is Dr. Peter Forchu Chesami. Southern Cameroons National Council The Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) is a self-determination organisation seeking the independence of the anglophone Southern Cameroons from the predominantly francophone Republic of Cameroon (La République de Cameroun). It is a non-violent organization with the
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also the birthplace of The Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC), a group that has been asking for the restoration of the former British Southern Cameroons, a territory that covers the English-speaking provinces of North West and South West. The SCNC was born in Bamenda in 1994, after the All Anglophone Conference (AAC2) issued the Bamenda Declaration in which it had asked the government of President Paul Biya to respond to all anglophone grievances stated in the Buea Declaration of 1993, or face the wrath of the people of the Southern Cameroons. The Cameroon government failed to respond to the Bamenda
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Northwest Region and thus the city of Bamenda became only British. In 1961, the region joined the Cameroon. Today, many of the city's inhabitants are English-speaking, and Cameroonian Pidgin English is the main language spoken in the shops and on the streets of Bamenda. Some anglophone political pressure groups represented in the city such as the Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) advocate secession from the rest of Cameroon, which is francophone. The city is an amalgamation of seven villages – Mankon, Mendakwe, Nkwen, Chomba, Mbatu, Nsongwa and Bandzah. However, considerable portions of outlying suburban areas, including Bambui, Bambili, Bafut and
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Anglophone Cameroonian Anglophone Cameroonians are the people of various cultural backgrounds who hail from the English-speaking regions of Cameroon (Northwest and Southwest regions). These regions were formerly known as British Southern Cameroons, being part of the League of Nations mandate and United Nations Trust Territories. The two English-speaking regions of Cameroon make up 17% of a population of 17 million (2005). The Social Democratic Front, the largest opposition political party in Cameroon's parliament, is headed by an Anglophone. Separatist movements, notably the Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) and the Southern Cameroons Peoples Organization (SCAPO), call for the separation of the
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led a delegation of the Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) to the United Nations to request its backing of the movement's drive for greater autonomy in Cameroon's two English-speaking provinces. His grandson is Jean-Christian Foncha. He died in Bamenda on 10 April 1999 at the age of 82. John Ngu Foncha John Ngu Foncha (21 June 1916, Bamenda – 10 April 1999) was a Cameroonian politician, who served as 5th Prime Minister of Cameroon. He founded the Kamerun National Democratic Party (KNDP) in 1955 and became Premier of the British Cameroons on 1 February 1959. He held that position until
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Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation (SCAPO), with the Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) as the executive governing body. Younger activists formed the Southern Cameroons Youth League (SCYL) in Buea on 28 May 1995. The SCNC sent a delegation, led by John Foncha, to the United Nations, which was received on 1 June 1995 and presented a petition against the 'annexation' of the Southern Cameroons by French Cameroun. This was followed by a signature referendum the same year, which the organisers claim produced a 99% vote in favour of independence with 315,000 people voting. Armed members of the SCNC took over the
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the 1961 federation. This was followed by the second All Anglophone Conference (AAC2) in Bamenda in 1994. This conference issued the "Bamenda Declaration", which stated that if the federal state was not restored within a reasonable time, Southern Cameroons would declare its independence. The AAC was renamed the Southern Cameroons Peoples Conference (SCPC), and later the Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation (SCAPO), with the Southern Cameroons National Council (SCNC) as the executive governing body. Younger activists formed the Southern Cameroons Youth League (SCYL) in Buea on 28 May 1995. The SCNC sent a delegation, led by John Foncha, to the United
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clashes with police at a demonstration resulted in multiple deaths. As a result, multiple international offices and branches of the SCNC have opened and engaged in political activities. In 2001, a group of exile-SCNC-members founded a so-called "South Cameroon's Embassy" in the German town of Frankfurt. The group boycotted the 2002 municipal elections in Cameroon and the 2004 presidential election. The government has continued with "arbitrary and unlawful" detention of members, often with mass arrests at peaceful gatherings. In 2006, a faction formally declared the Republic of Ambazonia and a military wing known as the Southern Cameroon Peoples Organization (SCAPO)
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won 109 seats, but it subsequently won in the three constituencies where the election was held over again in August, gaining seven more seats) and in the October 1997 presidential election, Biya received 92.6% of the vote amidst an opposition boycott. The SDF and its allies in the Union for Change remain critical of Biya but are also critical of France, which they call an "accomplice of those in power." However, in 2000 the alliance reportedly was falling apart as the SDF sought to distance itself from the Southern Cameroon National Council (SCNC). The SCNC apparently was accusing the SDF
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have led to several land conflicts. In the provinces, the social organization recognizes a chief as its head, also called the "Fon". The Fons, who in their tribal area may be more influential than the official administrative authorities, are considered the living representative of the tribal ancestors. The Northwest is a stronghold of the Social Democratic Front (SDF) which is one of the main opposition parties of Cameroon. Some Northwesterners feel completely marginalized by the government. There is also a secessionist movement, the SCNC (Southern Cameroon's National Council) whose goal is to secede from Cameroon and form a republic consisting
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between them and the government of Cameroon warning that a lack of intervention would create "another Somalia". In October 1995, the SCNC publicized a plan schedule of work for an eventual declaration of independence. These political activities resulted in significant disruption by police and security forces. In 1996, Chair Elad resigned and was replaced by Henry Fossung. Activities were routinely disrupted by police and plans for independence were scuttled consistently. March 1997 produced the arrest of 200 supporters for a supposed attack on security forces in Bamenda. In the trials for the 200, Amnesty International and the SCNC found substantive
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begun activity. In 2007, this group claimed responsibility for an attack on the Cameroonian military in Bakassi. International recognition remained limited although the group became part of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization in 2006. In 2009, the African Union (AU), with support from Muammar Gaddafi, began considering efforts regarding the SCNC call for independence. However, in late 2009, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights rejected the SCNC's petition and slowed the efforts by the group in the AU. The 2012 Amnesty International Report on Cameroon found that the security forces continue to disrupt SCNC activities. In February
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The first meeting was not fruitful as the consortium members demanded the government release all arrested before any dialogue; more cases of arrest continued and were condemned by the Consortium members in the bid to solve the Anglophone problems. They presented a draft for federalism which was condemned by the government, and on January 17, 2017, through a ministerial decree signed by minister Rene Emmanuel Sadi, the CACSC and SCNC were banned in Cameroon, and their activities described as illegal and against the security and unity of Cameroon. A few days later, two members of the Cameroon civil society were
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Declaration and since then, the SCNC has categorically maintained that it now considers the restoration of the independence of the Southern Cameroons to be final and irrevocable. Bamenda Bamenda, also known as Abakwa and Mankon Town, is a city in northwestern Cameroon and capital of the Northwest Region. The city has a population of about 2 million people and is located north-west of the Cameroonian capital, Yaoundé. Bamenda is known for its cool climate and scenic hilly location. The origins of the city are related to the establishment of the Tikar people who joined the Kingdom of Bamum in the
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integrity of a State party, can be exercised under the African Charter. The Human Rights Commission recommended that the Respondent State (Republic of Cameroun) should among other things enter into constructive dialogue with the Complainants, and in particular SCNC and SCAPO, to resolve the constitutional issues, as well as grievances. Following the International Court of Justice ruling of 10 October 2002 that sovereignty over the Bakassi peninsula rested with Cameroon, SCAPO claimed that Bakassi was in fact part of the territory of Southern Cameroons. In 2002, SCAPO took the Nigerian government to the Federal High Court in Abuja to require
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of Cameroon has violated Articles 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7(1), 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17(1), 19, 20, 21, 22, 23(1), 24 of the African Charter. The SCNC and SCAPO ultimately seek the independence of the territory of Southern Cameroons. In a decision reached at its 45th Ordinary Session on May 27, 2009, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights found that the Republic of Cameroun has violated Articles 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7(1), 10, 11, 19 and 26 the Charter. The Human Rights Commission determined that Articles 12, 13, 17(1), 20, 21, 22, 23(1) and 24
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evidence of admissions through torture and force. The raid and trial resulted in a shutdown of SCNC activities and Fossung taking a low profile. In response to this, in April 1998 a small faction elected Esoka Ndoki Mukete, a high-ranking member of the Social Democratic Front, as the new chair of the SCNC. The decision was opposed by Fossung and the powerful SCNC-North America and the result was paralysis of the organization. The divisive council remained over much of 1998 and early 1999 until October 1999 when the government found multiple members guilty in the 1997 trial. Although the faction
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people is the most important revolutionary task facing the Party". He warned his audience that if Korea remained divided, it might never be unified again because of relations among the big powers. Kim Il-sung called for the establishment of the "Democratic Confederal Republic of Korea" (DCRK), a national government of North and South Korea. The DCRK would be ruled by a Supreme Confederal National Congress (SCNC), with an equal number of representatives from North and South Korea. The SCNC representatives would elect a Presidium, which would rule on its behalf. Under this system, South Korea would remain capitalist and North
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entitled "Abd'l-Futuh", a Persian name meaning "the father of victories" by Shoghi Effendi. In very early 1955, Valerie Wilson, an Auxiliary Board member for Africa stationed in Monrovia, Liberia, embarked on what was considered a bold trip for a woman alone by car to travel on a trip across some to visit the Bahá'í groups functioning in the Gold Coast, Togoland and the British Cameroons. In April 1955 British Cameroon had eight assemblies. In 1956 a regional Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly of North West Africa was elected with Olinga as the chairman with its seat in Tunis, comprising areas from
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led by Fossung opposed a unilateral declaration of independence, the faction led by Mukete became more assertive. While Mukete was officially traveling abroad, a small group took over Radio Buea and proclaimed the establishment of Southern Cameroons as an independent and legal political force. Mukete's role in the SCNC was reduced and multiple members, including the leadership were arrested. In 2000, the SCNC resolved the leadership dispute by electing Frederick Ebong Alobwede the new chairman and considered him the first President of the Southern Cameroons. Repression of the group increased significantly in 2001 when the organization was declared illegal and
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comes from the 1950s slang meaning "to be cheated", and thus refers to the status in French Cameroon of being black and being cheated. Towards the end of the film, France's father reveals a central theme of the film as he explains to her what the horizon line is. He tells her that it is a line that is there but not there, a symbol for the racial boundary that exists in the country. This line is not a physical one but is still one that people widely recognize. The soundtrack, performed and recorded by Abdullah Ibrahim, was released in
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work being reviewed by numerous academics. On the Postcolony has faced criticism from academics such as Meredith Terreta for focusing too much on specific African nations such as Cameroon. Echoes of this criticism can also be found when looking at the work of Mamdani with his theories questioned for generalising across an Africa that, in reality, was colonised in very different ways, by fundamentally different European imperial ideologies. In contrast to Mbembe and Mamdani, Brown is a less prominent writer and one whose work is yet to be reviewed by other academics meaning it is currently harder to grasp what
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are located in larger villages or in towns, meaning that students from more remote areas must walk long distances, stay with relatives, or rent rooms during the school year. In addition, school fees keep many families from sending their children for an education. Due to its thick forests and equatorial climate, the East is home to a host of tropical diseases. Chief among these is malaria, which remains a major cause of death in the region. Dengue fever, filariasis, typhoid fever, and tuberculosis are also endemic. In 1997 and 1998, health professionals recorded outbreaks of what may have been the
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Equatorial Africa). DuChaillu refers to the ape as "Koolakamba" based upon his description of words used by the indigenous peoples (Commi, Goumbi, and Bakalai[sic]) in the region of the Ovengi River of West Central Africa, modernly the areas of Cameroon and Gabon. The people allegedly referred to the ape as "Kooloo" because that is what its unique vocalization, quite unlike the vocalizations of other apes in the region, sounded like to them. "Kamba", according to DuChaillu, is a Commi word meaning "to speak" (DuChaillu, 1899). The "Koolakamba" is believed to be larger, flatter-faced, larger-skulled and more bipedal than a chimp;
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Kotoko kingdom The Kotoko kingdom was an African monarchy in what is today northern Cameroon and Nigeria, and southwestern Chad. Its inhabitants and their modern descendants are known as the Kotoko people. The rise of Kotoko coincided with the decline of the Sao civilisation in northern Cameroon. A king headed the nascent state, which came to assimilate several smaller kingdoms. Among these were Kousséri, Logone-Birni, Makari, and Mara. Kotoko spread to parts of what is today northern Cameroon and Nigeria, and southwestern Chad by the mid-15th century. Logone-Birni emerged as the most influential of Kotoko's client kingdoms. The Kanem Empire
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there has been some conflict between the Kotoko and the Shuwa Arabs. Kotoko kingdom The Kotoko kingdom was an African monarchy in what is today northern Cameroon and Nigeria, and southwestern Chad. Its inhabitants and their modern descendants are known as the Kotoko people. The rise of Kotoko coincided with the decline of the Sao civilisation in northern Cameroon. A king headed the nascent state, which came to assimilate several smaller kingdoms. Among these were Kousséri, Logone-Birni, Makari, and Mara. Kotoko spread to parts of what is today northern Cameroon and Nigeria, and southwestern Chad by the mid-15th century. Logone-Birni
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Kongo-Wara rebellion The Kongo-Wara rebellion, also known as the War of the Hoe Handle and the Baya War, was a rural, anticolonial rebellion in the former colonies of French Equatorial Africa and French Cameroon which began as a result of recruitment of the native population in railway construction and rubber tapping. It was the smallest and least well-known of the French colonial uprisings during the interwar period. Much of the conflict took place in what is now part of the Central African Republic. Barka Ngainoumbey, known as Karnou (meaning "he who can change the world"), was a Gbaya religious prophet
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up hilarious neologisms. As a result, their plays are set in a very specific Cameroonian setting. However, some Cameroonians condemn this linguistic creativity as a bastardization of Western languages, while others see it as a simple way to win over a non-educated public, without transmitting any social message. The main promoters of the Cameroonian popular theatre are Daniel Ndo (with the character of Oncle Otsama, the stereotype of the old ewondo villager, who misunderstands the meaning of what is happening in the world around him), Dieudonné Afana (with the character of Jean Miché Kankan, the parody of the stingy and
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the postcolonial nation of Cameroon. Despite their marginalization in the postcolonial state, there remains a belief in a "Nka kunde" or national liberation that has yet to occur. Joel Embiid, basketballer Bassa people (Cameroon) The Bassa (also spelled Basa or Basaa and sometimes known as Bassa-Bakongo) are a Bantu ethnic group in Cameroon. They number approximately 230,000 individuals. The Bassa speak the Basaa language as a mother tongue, which belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger–Congo language family. For centuries, the Bassa lived along the Atlantic coast of what is now Cameroon. They lived off subsistence farming and fishing.
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n.d.). Verbs are not inflected to show grammatical tense, aspect, modality, or negation. Instead, these notions are conveyed by a small set of preverbal auxiliaries (Schneider 1966:69-72, 95-104). Examples: The rendition of a short passage from English to Cameroon Pidgin: English language: Cameroon Pidgin: In pidgin unlike in English, 'S' is not used at the end of nouns to mark their plural state. Instead, this is what is used: Cameroonian Pidgin English Cameroonian Pidgin English, or Cameroonian Creole, is a language variety of Cameroon. It is also known as Kamtok (from 'Cameroon-talk'). Five varieties are currently recognised: Cameroonian Pidgin English
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It is also possible to order digital photos of documents for a fee. National Archives of Cameroon The National Archives of Cameroon (French: Archives nationales du Cameroun) (est. 1966) is the national archives of Cameroon. Its main location is in Yaoundé and has a library which holds 64,000 volumes. There is an annex in Buea with early material. Maintenance of the National Archives falls within the responsibilities of the Ministry of Arts and Culture. The archive closed in 2016 for what promises to be a long running reorganization and digitization of its files. Researchers can still request access by writing
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Blackitude Museum Blackitude Museum is an ethnographic museum in Yaoundé; Cameroon. The museum project began in March 1998 from a commitment of its founding president Her Majesty Ngo Nab Fo I NANA Agnes Sunjio through her deep desire to save what remains of the artistic heritage in Cameroon. As a member of the royal family Bahouoc (Department of Nde in the western province of Cameroon), she carefully protected and preserved collections of art objects which were bequeathed by his father and by kings of other chiefdoms of Bamileke Plateau of western Cameroon. The Blackitude Museum is a private museum created
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National Archives of Cameroon The National Archives of Cameroon (French: Archives nationales du Cameroun) (est. 1966) is the national archives of Cameroon. Its main location is in Yaoundé and has a library which holds 64,000 volumes. There is an annex in Buea with early material. Maintenance of the National Archives falls within the responsibilities of the Ministry of Arts and Culture. The archive closed in 2016 for what promises to be a long running reorganization and digitization of its files. Researchers can still request access by writing to the director with a list of specific documents they wish to access.
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area in the whole of Cameroon that produces the natural white honey and has an Oku Honey Cooperative to manage and sell what bee farmers harvest."One of the first three products is Oku white honey from the Republic of Cameroon (Cameroon), which is produced in the nationally protected forest of Kilum Ijim near Mount Oku (French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), 2013). As one of Cameroon’s first registered GIs, producers and cooperatives involved in the production of Oku white honey are hoping that their product can eventually compete on an international level with the likes of other well-known
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meaning that from this World Cup onwards, each confederation would have the same number of teams participating in each World Cup and that the 16 teams would be split up into four groups of four teams, with the top two teams moving on to the quarter finals. African nations were allocated 2 berths at the World Cup. The championship took place between September 28 and September 30, 2006. Cameroon and Nigeria were the two finalists, meaning they both qualified for the World Cup. Cameroon defeated Nigeria in the final to win the title. Asian nations were allocated 3 berths at
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is made of subsistence farmers such as Claude Mounde growing food crops such as cocoyam, cassava, beans, maize. plantain, banana etc. Some are also engage in growing cash crops such as cocoa and coffee which act as a major source of income for these individuals. Santchou Santchou is a town and commune in Cameroon. It is located in the Menoua division of the West region of Cameroon. It is home predominantly to the Mbo people; this is reflected in the name. Santchou in the local dialect is pronounced San-nzoh, meaning, father (San) of elephants(nzoh). It is located on a plain
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the West Cameroonian public that although they voted for reunification, what they were getting is absorption or domination". On October 1, 1961, the largely Muslim northern two-thirds of British Cameroons voted to join Nigeria; the largely Christian southern third, Southern Cameroons, voted, in a referendum, to join with the Republic of Cameroon to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. The formerly French and British regions each maintained substantial autonomy. Ahidjo was chosen president of the federation in 1961. In 1962, the Francs CFA became the official currency in Cameroon. Ahidjo, relying on a pervasive internal security apparatus, outlawed all political
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century, the Fulani, a pastoral Islamic people of the western Sahel, conquered most of what is now northern Cameroon, subjugating or displacing its largely non-Muslim inhabitants. Although the Portuguese arrived on Cameroon's doorstep in the 16th century, malaria prevented significant European settlement and conquest of the interior until the late 1870s, when large supplies of the malaria suppressant quinine became available. The early European presence in Cameroon was primarily devoted to coastal trade and the acquisition of slaves. The northern part of Cameroon was an important part of the Muslim slave trade network. The slave trade was largely suppressed by
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Bassa people (Cameroon) The Bassa (also spelled Basa or Basaa and sometimes known as Bassa-Bakongo) are a Bantu ethnic group in Cameroon. They number approximately 230,000 individuals. The Bassa speak the Basaa language as a mother tongue, which belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger–Congo language family. For centuries, the Bassa lived along the Atlantic coast of what is now Cameroon. They lived off subsistence farming and fishing. The Bassa were displaced by Duala and early European traders, suffering exploitation and marginalization during the era of German Kamerun. Their fishing and farming efforts shrunk. During this German era, most
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Uma (given name) Uma is a given name in various cultures. In India, it is the name of the Hindu goddess, who is more commonly known as Parvati. In Sanskrit the word "" can further mean "tranquillity", "splendour", "fame" and "night". In Hebrew and Aramaic its meaning is "nation". It is also used by the Tiv people of Cameroon and Nigeria where the meaning in the Tiv language is "life". The name Uma is also popular in the Otukpo subgroup of the Idoma people of Nigeria and the meaning in the Idoma language is "to shine". Uma in Balinese means
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Santchou Santchou is a town and commune in Cameroon. It is located in the Menoua division of the West region of Cameroon. It is home predominantly to the Mbo people; this is reflected in the name. Santchou in the local dialect is pronounced San-nzoh, meaning, father (San) of elephants(nzoh). It is located on a plain and it is part of the region known as the Plain des Mbo. It is boarded to the north by mount manengouba to the south by the cliff of Dschang and to the east by Kekem. San-nzoh is made up of several villages, these include:
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Buea Buea (Bakweri: "Gbea") is the capital of the Southwest Region of Cameroon. The town is located on the eastern slopes of Mount Cameroon and has a population of 300000 (at the 2013 Census). It has two Government Hotels, the Mountain Hotel and Palamenterian Flats Hotel located around The Government Residential Area. Buea, originally spelled "Gbea", was founded by a hunter who came from the Bomboko area. Coming from the Bomboko side of the mountain, he named the new-found land in amazement as "Ebe'eya", meaning literally a "place of happenings". A prominent King of the Bakweri (whose headquarters is Buea)
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the school received the title GCE School, meaning one of the best 10 schools in the country that year following its 100% performance at the national exams. The founder Blaesius Fultang is an international conference speaker. He and his wife Helen Fultang co-founded the school in 2003. Fultang Bilingual High School Fultang Bilingual High School is a private bilingual (French and English) secondary school high school in Nkongsamba, Cameroon, founded in 2003 by Blaesius Fultang. The school is found in Nkongsamba, located in the central west of Cameroon. It is mainly a boarding school though it has a day-school section
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is housed in an old building that was modified to create space for exhibitions and other services. Currently, it is still under renovation to meet the standards of a museum. Blackitude Museum Blackitude Museum is an ethnographic museum in Yaoundé; Cameroon. The museum project began in March 1998 from a commitment of its founding president Her Majesty Ngo Nab Fo I NANA Agnes Sunjio through her deep desire to save what remains of the artistic heritage in Cameroon. As a member of the royal family Bahouoc (Department of Nde in the western province of Cameroon), she carefully protected and preserved
Blackitude Museum
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Cameroonian Pidgin English Cameroonian Pidgin English, or Cameroonian Creole, is a language variety of Cameroon. It is also known as Kamtok (from 'Cameroon-talk'). Five varieties are currently recognised: Cameroonian Pidgin English is an English-based creole language. About 5% of Cameroonians are native speakers of the language, while an estimated 50% of the population speak it in some form. The terms "Cameroonian Pidgin", "Cameroonian Pidgin English", "Cameroonian Creole" and "Kamtok" are synonyms for what Cameroonians call Cameroon Pidgin English. Many speakers are unaware that this language is different from English proper. It is a variety of West African Pidgin Englishes spoken
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as an "ekongi". Nyongo society The Nyongo Society is the name of a supposed group of witches believed to exist in Cameroon and Nigeria. The legends were first written about in the 1950s by British social anthropologist, Edwin Ardener, while describing what he called the Nyongo Terror in the present-day Southwest Province in Cameroon. Today the belief in this society can be found from the coast of Cameroon to the Bakossi and Beti peoples in the interior of the country. It is even found amongst the northern parts of the country with the Bamileke and Bamenda peoples. The term has
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Nyongo society The Nyongo Society is the name of a supposed group of witches believed to exist in Cameroon and Nigeria. The legends were first written about in the 1950s by British social anthropologist, Edwin Ardener, while describing what he called the Nyongo Terror in the present-day Southwest Province in Cameroon. Today the belief in this society can be found from the coast of Cameroon to the Bakossi and Beti peoples in the interior of the country. It is even found amongst the northern parts of the country with the Bamileke and Bamenda peoples. The term has been used by
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much of Northern Nigeria. Sir Frederick Lugard, assumed office as governor of both protectorates in 1912. The aftermath of the First World War saw Germany lose its colonies, one of which was Cameroon, to French, Belgian and British mandates. Cameroon was divided in French and British parts, the latter of which was further subdivided into southern and northern parts. Following a plebiscite in 1961, the Southern Cameroons elected to rejoin French Cameroon, while the Northern Cameroons opted to join Nigeria, a move which added to Nigeria's already large Northern Muslim population. The territory made up much of what is now
Boko Haram insurgency
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species as that species was described first based on specimens from western Africa. The two species diverged about 6.5-7.5 mya, living in different river drainage zones that were geographically separated from each other by the Cameroon Line. The genus name "Mecistops" is most probably derived from the Ancient Greek words μήκιστ ("mēkist") meaning "longest" and ὄψις (ópsis) meaning "aspect" or "appearance". The species name "cataphractus" is thought to be derived from the Greek word κατάφρακτος ("katáphraktos") meaning "armoured" or "shielded". As with its relative, the West African slender-snouted crocodile has a very long, slender snout that it uses to catch
West African slender-snouted crocodile
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allowed present-day Southwestern Cameroon to separate from Nigeria (from the region of what is now Akwa Ibom and Cross River states) through a plebiscite while the leadership of the then Northern Region took the necessary steps to keep Northwestern Cameroon in Nigeria, in present-day Adamawa and Taraba states. The aftermath of the 1961 plebiscite has led to a dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria over the small territory of Bakassi. A new phase of the struggle saw the declaration of an Independent Niger Delta Republic by Isaac Adaka Boro during Nigerian president Ironsi's administration, just before the Nigerian Civil War. Also
Niger Delta
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the Nigeria, emerged as the main source of opposition to KNDP hegemony, with attempts by the KNDP to absorb the party floundering due to personality clashes. Following independence, democracy largely receded in Cameroon as the KNDP in what became known as West Cameroon and the Cameroon Union (UC) in East Cameroon established their respective hegemonies. However whilst Ahmadou Ahidjo and the UC enjoyed full control in the East, the KNDP initially did not enjoy the same levels of endorsement, their 78% of the vote in 1964 parliamentary elections some way behind the 98% won by the UC. Foncha was forced
Kamerun National Democratic Party
11888858
Kingdom of Bamum The Kingdom of Bamum (also spelled Bamoum, Bamun, Bamoun, or Mum) (1394–1884) was a pre-colonial Central African state in what is now northwest Cameroon. It was founded by the Mbum, a Bantu ethnic group from northeast Cameroon. Its capital was the ancient walled city of Fumban. The Mbum of the Grassfields, with several other peoples, claim descent from the Tikar of the Cameroon highlands, who are derived from the Mbum of Delbe (Ngaundere). The Bamum kingdom was founded by emigrants related to the Tikar royal dynasty of Nsaw. The founding king (called a "fon" or "mfon") was
Kingdom of Bamum
14131866
rice fields. Uma in Japanese means horse. Uma in Swahili means bite. Uma (given name) Uma is a given name in various cultures. In India, it is the name of the Hindu goddess, who is more commonly known as Parvati. In Sanskrit the word "" can further mean "tranquillity", "splendour", "fame" and "night". In Hebrew and Aramaic its meaning is "nation". It is also used by the Tiv people of Cameroon and Nigeria where the meaning in the Tiv language is "life". The name Uma is also popular in the Otukpo subgroup of the Idoma people of Nigeria and the
Uma (given name)
985253
of the Fulani is Pulaar. It is also the language of the Toucouleurs. All Senegalese and Mauritanians who speak the language natively are known as the "Halpulaar" or "Haalpulaar'en", which means "speakers of Pulaar" ("hal" is the root of the Pulaar verb "haalugol", meaning "to speak"). In some areas, e.g. in northern Cameroon, Fulfulde is a local lingua franca. Central to the Fulani people's lifestyle is a code of behavior known as "pulaaku" or "laawol Fulɓe" in Fulfulde, literally meaning the "Fulani pathways" which are passed on by each generation as high moral values of the Fulbe, which enable them
Fula people
4208993
the tree hyraxes. This species has many subspecies, many of which are also known as rock or Cape hyrax, although the former usually refers to African varieties. In Arabic, the rock hyrax is called الوبر ("wabr") or طبسون ("tabsoun"). In Hebrew, the rock hyrax is called שפן סלע ("shafan sela"), meaning "rock "shafan"", where the meaning of "shafan" is obscure, but is colloquially used as a synonym for rabbit in modern Hebrew. According to Gerald Durrell local people in Bafut, Cameroon, call the rock hyrax the n'eer. Rock hyraxes produce large quantities of hyraceum—a sticky mass of dung and urine
Rock hyrax
14800900
Atractaspis aterrima Atractaspis aterrima, commonly known as the slender burrowing asp or mole viper, is a species of fossorial, venomous snake in the family Atractaspididae. The specific epithet, "aterrima", meaning "blackest", is the superlative form of the Latin adjective "ater", meaning "black". This snake is found in large parts of West, Middle, and East Africa. The Reptile Database lists the following countries (from west to east): Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali (southern), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso (southern), Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (northern), Uganda, and Tanzania.
Atractaspis aterrima
10635998
Olive-green camaroptera The olive-green camaroptera ("Camaroptera chloronota") is a bird species in the family Cisticolidae. The olive-green camaroptera was described by the German ornithologist Anton Reichenow in 1895 under its current binomial name "Camaroptera chloronota". The type locality is the forest of Missahohe in the West African state of Togo. The specific epithet "chloronota" is from the Ancient Greek "khlōros" meaning "green" and "-nōtos" meaning "-backed". There are five subspecies: It is found in Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria,
Olive-green camaroptera
3405006
fueled the increase of Prostitution along these routes, with professional sex workers operating in virtually every town and village along the province's roads. Government estimates report the HIV rate among operators of these logging vehicles to be about 18% and that of the sex workers to be as high as 30%. Government efforts in the 1980s to improve the number and quality of hospitals in Cameroon have made healthcare more available in the region. Most hospitals and clinics are located in the larger towns, however, meaning that the seriously ill have little chance of getting to treatment in many cases.
East Region (Cameroon)
10631366
White-collared starling The white-collared starling ("Grafisia torquata") is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is monotypic within the genus Grafisia. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon. The species was first identified by Anton Reichenow and named "Spreo torquatus", from the Latin for "torquated", referring to the coloration around the neck of the male. It was later identified independently by James Chapin in 1913 in the Belgian Congo as "Stilbopsar leucothorax", from the Greek λευκός (meaning "white") and θώραξ (meaning "chest"), again referring to its white collar. They
White-collared starling
3370823
incident, several players of the Poland national team were banned from international duty, also leading to the resignation of Ryszard Kulesza as head coach of the team. At the 1982 FIFA World Cup, Poland were drawn in a group with Italy, Cameroon and Peru. The first two games were consecutive 0–0 draws with Italy and Cameroon, but the final group game of the first round ended in a 5–1 win for Poland, meaning they would advance to the second round as group winners. In the first game of the second round, Poland beat Belgium 3–0; with a hat-trick from Boniek
Poland national football team
3404979
entire territory of the East Region lies on the South Cameroon Plateau that forms the southeastern half of the country. The elevation thus varies between 500 and 1000 metres above sea level except for lower-lying plains of 200 to 500 metres in the extreme southeast centered on the Dja, Boumba, Sangha, and Ngoko Rivers. The land consists largely of monotonous, gently undulating hills known as "half-oranges" due to their resemblance to that fruit. The East has a Type A wet equatorial climate (also known as a Guinea type climate), meaning that it experiences high temperatures (24˚ C on average) and
East Region (Cameroon)
8690678
trade. English soon gained official status in what are today Gambia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon, and some of the pidgin and creoles which developed from English contact, including Krio (Sierra Leone) and Cameroon Pidgin, have large numbers of speakers now. As for East Africa, extensive British settlements were established in what are now Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, where English became a crucial language of the government, education and the law. From the early 1960s, the six countries achieved independence in succession; but English remained the official language and had large numbers of second language speakers
World Englishes
9201075
Cameroon line as pressures relaxed in the now stationary plate. The mantle plume hypothesis is disputed by others, who say the region is quite different from what is predicted by that hypothesis, and that a source in lithospheric fracture is more likely to be the explanation. The line may be due to a more complex interaction between a hotspot and Precambrian faults. A gravity study of the southern part of the Adamawa plateau has shown a belt of dense rocks at an average depth of 8 km running parallel to the Foumban shear zone. The material appears to be an
Cameroon line
9947928
qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). Some subjects are unique to Brunei or have a format, curriculum, or syllabus that is unique to Brunei. The Advance level of Cameroon is based on the Cambridge International Examinations and similarly, conducted by the government of Cameroon in collaboration with Cambridge university. All the course taken are related to what the candidate is willing to pursue as career in university and these courses are on a recognizable internationally standard for university entrance; as they are major relevant courses. You can select between 3 to 5 courses during your
GCE Advanced Level
12672492
IP address, Domain name and WHOIS data. Ueland was vice-president of the Greater Valley Glen Council (GVGC) for the city of Los Angeles from 2008 to 2010 and community activist/co-chair of the Studio City Outreach Committee (SCNC) of Studio City in Los Angeles from 2008 to 2009. Christopher Ueland Chris Ueland is an American entrepreneur and community activist. He is the founder and president of MaxCDN, a content delivery network. Ueland is originally from New York City. As a teenager, he worked on ML.ORG, an open source project, which sparked his interest in the internet. He moved to Los Angeles
Christopher Ueland
8755714
from one community and were looking for ways to mark their common sesquicentennial of foundation. They created what they call the "Common Venture" in which the American Sisters mentor the Africans on ways to better their spiritual and professional development. In 2008, the Province established its own mission to assist the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lafia in Nigeria. Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis – Cameroon The Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis in Cameroon are the African Province of a congregation of Roman Catholic religious sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis which was founded in Brixen, Italy, which lies
Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis – Cameroon
18908248
to be transferred to Dschang as soon as possible. These two institutions were later merged into a single academic entity "The National Institute of Rural Development". In 1979-80, the US government, in exchanges with the Cameroon government, decided to provide assistance to UCD. In 1981, the University of Florida was selected on a competitive basis to design that assistance, through what was named the Agricultural Education Project. In 1993, the UCD was transformed into the University of Dschang. In 1979, the governments of Cameroon and the United States agreed to build a new academic institution in Cameroon. It was a
University of Dschang
11769436
what was then French Equatorial Africa, and then Enoch Olinga to British Cameroon on October 15. In Limbe (then called Victoria), through the efforts of Olinga, Jacob Tabot Awo converted to the religion becoming the first Cameroonian Bahá'í. During the following year there were many converts to the religion, many of whom were from the Basel Mission system of Protestant Christians. Meherangiz Munsiff, a young Indian woman, arrived in French Cameroon in April 1954 in Douala after helping to found the Bahá'í Faith in Madagascar. A letter from Olinga describes the advancement of the religion into 6 towns and translation
Bahá'í Faith in Cameroon
4158736
1948. In 1956, France granted self-rule to its colony, and the West proved one of Cameroon's more politically influential areas due to groups such as Paysans Independants and the Assemblée Traditionnale Bamoun. The population boomed between 1958 and 1965, a period of high urbanisation in Cameroon. In 1958, Ahmadou Ahidjo became prime minister of French Cameroon with a pro-independence platform. The powerful Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC) party, including many Bamileke, opposed him as a French puppet. On 27 June 1959, several Bamileke areas were struck in what were later labeled terrorist strikes. Ahidjo declared martial law. His later
West Region (Cameroon)
19013290
km across. It is volcanic and very mountainous with the highest peak Pico Basile (). It thus resembles neighbouring islands São Tomé and Príncipe. Like them, it lies on the Cameroon line. Its southernmost point is called Punta Santiago. Bioko used to be the end of a peninsula attached to the mainland in what is now Cameroon, but it was cut off when sea levels rose 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. The island has a population of 334,463 inhabitants (2015 Census). Its historic indigenous people are the Bubi people who currently constitute 58% of
Bioko
4308618
change was brought about after Cameroon President Paul Biya asked officials to reconsider the controversial sanction. On 27 August 2012, Eto'o was in the squad to face Cape Verde in the first leg of a qualification play-off for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, but the striker refused to play, as a protest against what he described as the "amateurish and poorly organised" national team set-up. After an intervention from Cameroon Prime Minister Philemon Yang, Eto'o agreed to return for the second leg. However, Eto'o's return was not enough for Cameroon to overturn a 0–2 first leg deficit, and the
Samuel Eto'o
5612302
Buea radio station in Southwest Province on the night of 30 December 1999 and in the early hours of 31 December broadcast a tape of a proclamation of independence read by Judge Ebong Frederick Alobwede. Amnesty International has accused the Cameroun authorities of human right violations against South Cameroons activists. On 9 January 2003, the SCNC and SCAPO filed a complaint with the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights against the Republic of Cameroun. Among other allegations, the complainants alleged that the Republic of Cameroun is illegally occupying the territory of Southern Cameroons. The Complainants alleged that the Republic
Southern Cameroons
15866271
Bakossi National Park The Bakossi National Park (BNP) is a protected area within the Bakossi Forest Reserve, created by a decree in early 2008. The park covers , and was justified on the basis of preserving plant diversification. The Bakossi Mountains are part of the Cameroon Line, running inland in a northeasterly direction from Mount Cameroon. The mountains have an area of about and typical elevation of to . The highest peak is Mount Kupe at . The mountains contain what may be the largest area of cloud or submontane forest in West-Central Africa. The area includes the national park
Bakossi National Park
13195316
Synodontis ocellifer Synodontis ocellifer, known as the ocellated synodontis, is a species of upside-down catfish native to the rivers of northern and western Africa. It has been reported in 10 countries, including Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal. It was first described by Belgian-British zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1900, from specimens collected in Kunchow Creek, in Gambia. The species name "ocellifer" comes from the Latin word "ocellus", meaning "eye", and the Latin word "ifer", meaning "to carry", which refers to the black spots, possibly with white centers found on the sides. Like all
Synodontis ocellifer
48780
In addition, "Kintu" is a figure in some Bantu mythologies. The term "Kintu" apparently still saw occasional use in the 1990s in South Africa. The Bantu languages descend from a common Proto-Bantu language, which is believed to have been spoken in what is now Cameroon in Central Africa. An estimated 2,500–3,000 years ago (1000 BC to 500 BC), although other sources put the start of the Bantu Expansion closer to 3000 BC, speakers of the Proto-Bantu language began a series of migrations eastward and southward, carrying agriculture with them. This Bantu expansion came to dominate Sub-Saharan Africa east of Cameroon,
Bantu languages
6343696
prevalent in the Far North than in the North and Adamawa Provinces, however, as the arid conditions make watering large animals difficult and large population centres make fields scarce. Maroua has emerged as an important centre for animal raisers, with both a cattle market and a veterinary centre. Fishing is an important way of life for the peoples who live along Lake Chad. The Kofia Islands are home to the Budumu and to fishermen from Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria, most of whom earn their living in this fashion. The Logone is also heavily fished. What little industry the north has
Far North Region, Cameroon
6212509
accompanied a slave-raiding expedition from Borno into the Mandara kingdom in February 1823; though he barely escaped with his life following the raiders' defeat, he brought back one of the first European accounts of the kingdom. In 1902, the kingdom was conquered by Germany, passing then to France in 1918. In 1960, the Mandara kingdom became a part of newly independent Cameroon. Mandara Kingdom The Mandara Kingdom (sometimes called Wandala) was an African kingdom in the Mandara Mountains of what is today Cameroon. The Mandara people are descended from the kingdom's inhabitants. Tradition states that Mandara was founded shortly before
Mandara Kingdom
2960608
royal family in the Wouri estuary of what is now the Republic of Cameroon, with authority over the township of Bell. They were leaders of the Duala people long before Cameroon became a republic. The European colonists were the first to call the Duala leaders kings. The first Duala leader to use the title was King Ndumbe Lobe Bell, who succeeded his father Lobé Bébé Bell in 1858 and ruled until 1897. In 1914 King Rudolf Duala Manga Bell was executed for high treason by the Germans, who suppressed the monarchy in the colony they controlled. Under the laws of
Yaphet Kotto
2843888
Baguirmi, and Wadai. Around 1000 BCE, Bantu migrants had reached the Great Lakes Region in Central Africa. Halfway through the first millennium BCE, the Bantu had also settled as far south as what is now Angola. The Sao civilization flourished from ca. the sixth century BCE to as late as the sixteenth century CE in northern Central Africa. The Sao lived by the Chari River south of Lake Chad in territory that later became part of Cameroon and Chad. They are the earliest people to have left clear traces of their presence in the territory of modern Cameroon. Today, several
Central Africa
19882851
brought in a lieutenant colonel, Jean Lamberton, from French Indochine to lead these efforts. From December 9, 1957, through 1958, Lamberton enacted what was known was the Cameroon Pacification Zone (ZoPac). In this zone, locals were placed into camps and surveilled by the colonial army. The culmination of this pacification program was Um Nyobe's assassination in September 1958. From January 18, 1957, to May 25, 1959, French authorities installed a similar martial zone in western regions of Cameroon. This region of the country is home to two of the nation's largest ethnic groups, the Bamileke and the Bassa. Localizing the
Bamileke War
10630473
Cameroon greenbul The Cameroon greenbul ("Arizelocichla montana") is a species of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found in south-eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss. The Cameroon greenbul was originally described in the genus "Andropadus" and, was re-classified to the new genus "Arizelocichla" in 2010. Alternatively, some authorities classify the Cameroon greenbul in the genus "Pycnonotus". Alternate names for the Cameroon greenbul include Cameroon little greenbul, Cameroon montane greenbul, Cameroon mountain greenbul, montane greenbul and mountain little greenbul. The alternate names
Cameroon greenbul
7169898
semantic meaning, elaborating on the work of ordinary language philosophers Paul Grice and Keith Donnellan. The speaker's meaning is what the speaker intends to refer to by saying something; the semantic meaning is what the words uttered by the speaker mean according to the language. In some cases, people do not say what they mean; in other cases, they say something that is in error. In both these cases, the speaker's meaning and the semantic meaning seem to be different. Sometimes words do not actually express what the speaker wants them to express; so words will mean one thing, and
Meaning (philosophy of language)
17975760
Miss Cameroon Miss Cameroon (French: "Miss Cameroun") is a national Beauty pageant in Cameroon. The current Miss Cameroon 2018 is Aimée Caroline Nseke of Yaoundé In 2002 the Committee of Miss Cameroon (COMICA) established Miss Cameroon pageant in Yaounde. The main winner represents all women across the country to celebrate once year in her beauty, intelligence and values. Since 2013 Miss Cameroon will also participate at the Miss World beauty pageant after doing some social projects in her country. Miss Cameroon today's concept is all about supporting a dissemination of Cameroonian culture..The Main Miss Cameroon represents her country to the
Miss Cameroon
17975761
Miss World. Miss Cameroon Miss Cameroon (French: "Miss Cameroun") is a national Beauty pageant in Cameroon. The current Miss Cameroon 2018 is Aimée Caroline Nseke of Yaoundé In 2002 the Committee of Miss Cameroon (COMICA) established Miss Cameroon pageant in Yaounde. The main winner represents all women across the country to celebrate once year in her beauty, intelligence and values. Since 2013 Miss Cameroon will also participate at the Miss World beauty pageant after doing some social projects in her country. Miss Cameroon today's concept is all about supporting a dissemination of Cameroonian culture..The Main Miss Cameroon represents her country
Miss Cameroon
5226670
declared a jihad in what is today northern Nigeria and Cameroon. Modibo Adama became lamido of Fumbina, charged with conquering the territory for Usman's Sokoto Empire. In areas with sizable Fulbe populations, Adama's task proved fairly simple. The settlements at Bundang, Chamba, Chebowa, Deo, Faro, Garoua, Guringa, Kilba, Malaba, Rai, Song, Turua, and Zummo fell easily, Garoua in 1813. In other areas, Adama met with staunch resistance. He first struck at the Bata of Pema, Tepa, and Turuwa. Fulbe raiders enslaved Bata resisters in great numbers, and those Bata who could fled south to found Demsa Mosu (new Demsa) and
North Region (Cameroon)
17339146
was to become the US, probably originating from modern day Cameroon and imported to the colonial United States for serving as a "slave" or some other forced laborer, was John Punch. Punch arrived in Virginia in about 1640. He is also considered, by some genealogists and historians, like the first African documented to be enslaved for life in what would eventually become the United States. According to DNA testing records, the ethnicities of the Cameroonian slaves in the modern United States were those of Tikar, Ewondo, Babungo, Bamileke, Bamum, Masa, Mafa, Udemes, Kotoko, Fulani and Hausa from Cameroon; however, many
Cameroonian Americans
277702
under?"; "What is blocking my ability to enjoy things?"; "Why do I neglect loved-ones?".) "See also: Existential Therapy and Irvin Yalom" Logical positivists ask: "What is the meaning of life?", "What is the meaning in asking?" and "If there are no objective values, then, is life meaningless?" Ludwig Wittgenstein and the logical positivists said: "Expressed in language, the question is meaningless"; because, "in" life the statement the "meaning of x", usually denotes the "consequences" of x, or the "significance" of x, or "what is notable" about x, etc., thus, when the meaning of life concept equals "x", in the statement
Meaning of life
8699578
"nature" of meaning, to explain what "meaning" is, and what we mean when we talk about meaning. Within this area, issues include: the nature of synonymy, the origins of meaning itself, our apprehension of meaning, and the nature of composition (the question of how meaningful units of language are composed of smaller meaningful parts, and how the meaning of the whole is derived from the meaning of its parts). Secondly, this field of study seeks to better understand what speakers and listeners do with language in communication, and how it is used socially. Specific interests include the topics of language
Philosophy of language
18161209
Cameroon was divided in French and British parts, the latter of which was further subdivided into southern and northern parts. Following a plebiscite in 1961, the Southern Cameroons elected to rejoin French Cameroon, while the Northern Cameroons opted to join Nigeria, a move which added to Nigeria's already large Northern Muslim population. The territory comprised much of what is now Northeastern Nigeria, and a large part of the areas affected by the present and past insurgencies. Following the return of democratic government in 1999, the Muslim-dominated northern Nigerian states have introduced Sharia law, including punishments against blasphemy and apostasy. Several
Religious violence in Nigeria
7908066
as the forgotten father of Cameroon, was born in 1913 in Song Mpeck, Kamerun, what is now known as modern-day Cameroon. An intelligent African politician to have emerged after the Second World War with the sole purpose to fully liberate the country of Kamerun from French rule. Um Nyobé was not just an ordinary child. He came from a family in Bassa where Agriculture was the main production in the village. His father, however, was not just a farmer. he was a traditional priest in their village, where they practiced animism as a form of religion. Um Nyobé, however, was
Ruben Um Nyobé
3405012
nine administrative areas, and most of what is now the East Province fell into the Doumé-Loume-Yokadouma district with its capital in Doumé. The French largely continued the colonial practices of the Germans, with forced labor continuing into the early 20th century. They made further infrastructure improvements, as well, such as improving the road from Yaoundé to Bertoua and on to Garoua-Boulaï. The boundaries of the East Province were finalised after Cameroon gained independence in 1961. The capital was moved from Doumé to Bertoua in 1972. The region has largely been ignored since independence. One of the few developments of note
East Region (Cameroon)
6343712
herdsmen migrated into the territory from the west beginning in the 13th century. The earliest of these settled as minorities in pre-existing population centres, but by the 17th century, Fulani-only settlements had been established. A conversion to Islam only strengthened Fulani identity, and by 1804, population pressures were driving Fulani herdsmen to seek new territory in which to lead their cattle. Usman Dan Fodio declared a jihad in what is now northern Nigeria and Cameroon, and Modibo Adama led the charge into the land of Fumbina, which included areas of the Far North. Adama focused first on areas south. Then
Far North Region, Cameroon
8028842
was encouraged to play for the France under-16 team as a teenager, but that "I told them I don't need to go because there is no point to wear the French shirt, I don't have feelings with French players". In an interview with "The Guardian" in May 2010, he stated: Me playing for Cameroon was a natural and normal thing. I have no feeling for the France national team; it just doesn't exist. When people ask of my generation in France, 'Where are you from?', they will reply Morocco, Algeria, Cameroon or wherever. But what has amazed me in England
Benoît Assou-Ekotto
10043662
own organising body, including the Cameroon Boxing Federation (FECABOXE), the Cameroon Football Federation (FECAFOOT), and the Cameroon Handball Federation (FECAHAND). The Cameroon Olympic Committee is another national sports agency, and Cameroon is one of the few tropical countries to have competed in the Winter Olympics. Sports teams are organised along ethnic lines in Francophone Cameroon and under corporate or departmental sponsorship in Anglophone Cameroon. Teams develop fierce rivalries, and violence is not uncommon during matches. Training of athletes is handled by several sports institutes, including some owned by corporate sponsors, such as the Brasseries du Cameroun's l'École de Football des
Sport in Cameroon
14118345
Government of Cameroon The Republic of Cameroon is a decentralized unitary state. Cameroon has a democratic regime.(Constitution of Cameroon: Article 1, Session 2) In the Republic of Cameroon, the President of the Republic and the Parliament exercised the State power. (Constitution of Cameroon: Article 4) The executive power is represented by the President and the Government. As the republic of Cameroon is a democracy, a presidential election determines the President of the Republic. The presidential elections take place every seven years and the vote is made through direct, equal and secret suffrage. The President is elected by a majority of
Government of Cameroon
14118361
arrondissement. Government of Cameroon The Republic of Cameroon is a decentralized unitary state. Cameroon has a democratic regime.(Constitution of Cameroon: Article 1, Session 2) In the Republic of Cameroon, the President of the Republic and the Parliament exercised the State power. (Constitution of Cameroon: Article 4) The executive power is represented by the President and the Government. As the republic of Cameroon is a democracy, a presidential election determines the President of the Republic. The presidential elections take place every seven years and the vote is made through direct, equal and secret suffrage. The President is elected by a majority
Government of Cameroon
277655
Meaning of life The meaning of life, or the answer to the question "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include: "Why are we here?", "What is life all about?", or "What is the purpose of existence?" There have been a large number of proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life's meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, theological, and metaphysical speculation throughout history. Different people and cultures believe different things for the answer to this question. The meaning
Meaning of life