when was texas annexed to the united states
December 29 , 1845
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Texas annexation The Texas Annexation was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2, 1836. At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States. The leadership of both major U.S. political parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, opposed the introduction of Texas, a vast slave-holding region, into the volatile political climate of the pro- and
Texas annexation
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he assumed office, the outgoing president, John Tyler, entered negotiations with Texas. On February 26, 1845, six days before Polk took office, the U.S. Congress approved the annexation. The Texas legislature approved annexation in July 1845 and constructed a state constitution. In October, Texas residents approved the annexation and the new constitution, and Texas was officially inducted into the United States on December 29, 1845. When Texas was annexed, Mexico broke diplomatic relations with the United States. The annexation bill did not specifically define the boundaries of Texas. The former republic claimed the Rio Grande as its southern border, while
History of Texas (1845–1860)
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Republic of Texas). The final portion of the Southwestern United States came about through the acquisition of the southernmost parts of Arizona and New Mexico through the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. In 1851, San Luis became the first European settlement in what is now Colorado. Of the states of which at least a portion make up the Southwest, Texas was the first to achieve statehood. On December 29, 1845 the Republic of Texas was annexed, bypassing becoming a territory, and immediately becoming a state. Initially, its borders included parts of what would become several other states: almost half of New
Southwestern United States
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River was the boundary. Texas was annexed by the United States on December 29, 1845 and was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on that day, with the transfer of power from the Republic to the new state of Texas formally taking place on February 19, 1846. However, the United States again inherited the southern and western border dispute with Mexico, which became a trigger for the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). Texas had been one of the "Provincias Internas" of New Spain, a region known historiographically as Spanish Texas. Though claimed by Spain, it was not formally colonized by
Republic of Texas
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the republic from the nationalist faction, along with strong abolitionist opposition within the United States, slowed Texas's admission into the Union. Texas was finally annexed when the expansionist James K. Polk won the election of 1844. On December 29, 1845, Congress admitted Texas to the U.S. as a constituent state of the Union. The population of the new state was quite small at first and there was a strong mix between the English-speaking American settlers that dominated in the state's eastern/northeastern portions and the Spanish-speaking former Mexicans that dominated in the state's southern and western portions. Statehood brought many new
Texas
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Neither Mexico nor the Republic of Texas had the military strength to assert its territorial claim. On December 29, 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed to the United States and became the 28th state. Texas was staunchly committed to slavery, with its constitution making it illegal for the legislature to free slaves. With the annexation, the United States inherited the territorial claims of the former Republic of Texas against Mexico. The territorial claim to the area between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande and Mexican resistance to it both led to the Mexican–American War. On February 2, 1848,
Compromise of 1850
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with José Joaquín de Herrera. Herrera, recognizing the reality that Texas had been lost, tried to win his Government's recognition of the Republic of Texas as a means to prevent its annexation to United States. In response, opponents accused Herrera of attempting to sell Texas and Alta California. On December 29, 1845, the United States annexed Texas to its territory. Mariano Paredes with the help of General Arrillaga, who was sent to secure the northern border, instead approached the city of Mexico, deposed De Herrera, and appointed himself as President. One bright light on the international front was Spain's and
Centralist Republic of Mexico
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arrived from the U.S. and from Germany as well. In 1845, Texas joined the United States, becoming the 28th state, when the United States annexed it. Only after the conclusion of the Mexican–American War, with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, did Mexico recognize Texan independence. Texas declared its secession from the United States in 1861 to join the Confederate States of America. Only a few battles of the American Civil War were fought in Texas; most Texas regiments served in the east. When the war ended, the enslaved African Americans were freed. Texas was subject to Reconstruction, a
History of Texas
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History of Texas (1845–1860) In 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed to the United States of America, becoming the 28th U.S. state. Border disputes between the new state and Mexico, which had never recognized Texas independence and still considered the area a renegade Mexican state, led to the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). When the war concluded, Mexico relinquished its claim on Texas, as well as other regions in what is now the southwestern United States. Texas' annexation as a state that tolerated slavery had caused tension in the United States among slave states and those that did not allow slavery.
History of Texas (1845–1860)
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territory. The fledgling republic now attempted to persuade European nations to agree to recognition. In late 1839 France recognized the Republic of Texas after being convinced it would make a fine trading partner. For several decades, official British policy was to maintain strong ties with Mexico in the hopes that the country could stop the United States from expanding further. When the Texas Revolution erupted, Great Britain had declined to become involved, officially expressing confidence that Mexico could handle its own affairs. In 1840, after years in which the Republic of Texas was neither annexed by the United States nor
Texas Revolution
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by the United States Smith worked to give the people of Texas a choice between remaining an independent republic and being annexed. To facilitate this, he negotiated a treaty, in which Mexico recognized the independence of Texas, won in 1836, and in return Texas would not be annexed by another country. This treaty, known as the Smith-Cuevas Treaty, angered many Texans who were strong supporters of annexation, and Smith was burned in effigy by citizens of Galveston and San Felipe. This treaty was rejected by the Texan Congress which preferred the annexation resolutions, and thus, Texas was annexed by the
Ashbel Smith
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victory. The "Austin" and the "Wharton" left Mexican waters on June 25 and arrived at Galveston on July 14, 1843, effectively bringing to an end the active service of the Texas navy, as the ships would never leave port again. When the United States formally annexed Texas on May 11, 1846, the "Wharton" was transferred to the United States Navy, which in turn sold the ship to the city of Galveston for fifty-five dollars on November 30, 1846. The "Wharton" was commanded by: Texan brig Wharton The Texan brig "Wharton" was a two-masted brig of the Second Texas Navy from
Texan brig Wharton
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a year the Comanches regretted this agreement, and had destroyed their copy. When the United States annexed Texas in 1846, it inherited its problem with Comanche raiding and a boundary line between the settlements and Comancheria. An immediate step by the United States was to announce its authority and sign a treaty with the Comanches and other Texas tribes to replace the Texas treaty of the previous year. This was done in May 1846 on the upper Brazos River (Butler-Lewis Treaty). Signed by the Penateka/Hois Comanches (also Ioni, Anadarko, Caddo, Lipan Apache, Wichita, and Waco), the treaty promised, besides peace
Comanche history
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water between late fall and early spring, narrowed like an hourglass where it crossed a ridge of Austin chalk, providing a hard rock ford that became the natural north-south route between Republic of Texas settlements and those of the expanding United States. Bryan also knew that the planned Preston Trail was to run near the ford — the north-south route and the ford at Bryan's Bluff became more important when the United States annexed Texas in 1845. After Bryan surveyed the area, he returned home to Arkansas. While there, a treaty was signed removing all Native Americans from Northern Texas.
History of Dallas (1839–55)
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Extremadura to be explored by Europeans. "Coahuila and Texas" was one of the constituent states of the newly independent United Mexican States under their 1824 Constitution, and included Texas, Coahuila and Nuevo León. Later in the same year Nuevo León was detached, but Texas remained a part of the state until 1836, when it seceded to form the Republic of Texas. Monclova was the capital of the state from 1833 to 1835. In 1840 Coahuila briefly became a member of the short lived Republic of the Rio Grande. On February 19, 1856, Santiago Vidaurri annexed Coahuila to his state, Nuevo
Coahuila
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Texas on May 14. The Mexican Government headed by José Justo Corro did not recognize the treaty, maintaining that Santa Anna had no authority to grant independence to the territory. Despite that Texas remained de facto independent until 1845, when it was annexed to United States. The Republic of the Rio Grande was a proposed republic composed of the Mexican states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and parts of the current U.S. state of Texas. On January 17, 1840, a group of notables of the three states met close to Laredo. They planned a secession from Mexico and the formation
Centralist Republic of Mexico
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in 1957, Vermont (1791), Texas (1846), and California (1848) all were annexed by the United States of America, and Crimea was annexed into the Russian Federation in 2014. The unification of Italy involved a mixture of unions. The kingdom consolidated around the Kingdom of Sardinia, with which several states voluntarily united to form the Kingdom of Italy. Others polities, such as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States, were conquered and annexed. Formally, the union in each territory was sanctioned by a popular referendum where people were formally asked if they agreed to have as their new
Political union
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in 1839 to San Augustine, Texas, where he was in law practice with future Republic of Texas vice president Kenneth Lewis Anderson. By 1842, Wheeler became a district attorney in Texas, and he was named a district judge and associate judge on the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas three years later. He remained on the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice when Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, and he became a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas in 1857. That same year, Wheeler was named the founding head of the first iteration
Royall T. Wheeler
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led to the Texas Revolution, one of a series of independence movements that came to the fore following the 1835 amendments to the Constitution of Mexico, which substantially altered the governance of the country. Prior to the Texas Revolution the general public of the United States was indifferent to Texas, but afterward, public opinion was increasingly sympathetic to the Texans. Following the war a Republic of Texas was declared, though independence was not recognized by Mexico, and the boundaries between the two were never agreed upon. In 1845 the United States annexed Texas, leading to a major border dispute and
Mexico–United States relations
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providing the Apache with rations so that they would not attack, allowing the Spanish to expand northward. In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain, annexing the southwest of the present United States, including Arizona. As missions began to wither, Mexico began auctioning off more land, causing the Pimería Alta and the Apachería to shrink as territory expanded. In the meantime, American mountain men began to enter the region, looking to trap beavers for their pelts. In 1836, Texas declared independence from Mexico and claimed much of the territory in the northern lands of Mexico. When the United States annexed Texas
History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States
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Edward Burleson Edward Burleson (December 15, 1798 – December 26, 1851) was the third Vice President of the Republic of Texas. After Texas was annexed to the United States, he served in the State Senate. Prior to his government service in Texas, he was a commander of Texian Army forces during the Texas Revolution. Before moving to Texas, he served in militias in Alabama, Missouri, and Tennessee, and fought in the War of 1812. Burleson was the soldier that was given Santa Anna's sword when he surrendered. Known as the "Old Indian Fighter", Burleson was a veteran of the War
Edward Burleson
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new capital and given the name Waterloo, Texas; shortly thereafter the city's name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin. A new county was also established the following year, of which Austin would be the seat; the county was named Travis County, after William B. Travis. Though the Republic's capital moved briefly back to Houston during the events surrounding the Texas Archive War, by 1845 Austin was again the capital, and it became the capital of the new State of Texas when Texas was annexed by the United States later that year. In 1861 Travis County was
Travis County, Texas
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"San Bernard" returned to Galveston in early September. The ship was badly worm-eaten. Despite authorization to have her repaired in New Orleans, no funds were provided to pay for the work by the Minister of War and Marine. Later that month, the "San Bernard" was driven ashore by a gale, and lacking the $500 required to refloat her and have her repaired she became a deserted hulk in Galveston harbor. When Texas was annexed by the United States, the "San Bernard" and "Austin" were transferred to the United States Navy, on 11 May 1846. When the United States fleet found
Texan schooner San Bernard
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existing Texas public agency). The agency's constitutional purpose was to "superintend, execute, and perform all acts touching or respecting the public lands of Texas." Since its establishment the agency has been located in Austin, although a relocation to Houston was briefly attempted during the Texas Archive War. One former home of the GLO, the Old Land Office Building, is a registered historic place and now serves as the Texas State Capitol Visitor's Center. When Texas was annexed into the United States in 1845, it kept control of all of its public lands from its time as a sovereign state. As
Texas General Land Office
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States, most notably arguments over the legal status of Hawaii and the legal status of Alaska. The situation most closely resembles that of Hawaii, as Hawaii was also annexed via a Joint Resolution of Congress. Prior to the revolution that resulted in the creation of the Republic of Texas in 1836, the area now included in the State of Texas was part of Mexico. On March 1, 1845, the US enacted a congressional joint resolution proposing the annexation of Texas to the United States (Joint Resolution for annexing Texas to the United States, J.Res. 8, enacted March 1, 1845, ).
Legal status of Texas
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were enemies. His conflict with Austinites even came to blows in the so-called 1841 Pig War, when his butler killed several havoc-wreaking pigs belonging to Bullock and was in turn assaulted by Bullock. After the young nation's capital was temporarily moved to Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, in 1842 during the Archive War, Dubois' house was abandoned. The French government recalled Count de Saligny in 1846, when the Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States. The mansion was later occupied by John Mary Odin, first Bishop of the Diocese of Galveston, and then Moseley Baker, a veteran of the Texas Revolution,
French Legation
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resolution allowing local citizens to take stone from the Alamo at a cost of $5 per wagonload. By the late 1840s, even the four statues located on the front wall of the chapel had been removed. On January 13, 1841, the Republic of Texas legislature passed an act returning the sanctuary of the Alamo to the Roman Catholic Church. By 1845, when Texas was annexed to the United States, a colony of bats occupied the abandoned complex and weeds and grass covered many of the walls. As the Mexican–American War loomed in 1846, 2000 United States Army soldiers were sent
Alamo Mission in San Antonio
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an embassy, however, and there was no exchange of ambassadors. Texas had a consulate in London, Britain had a consulate in Houston. In 1845 Texas was in the process of applying for an embassy in London, The United States annexed Texas before this was possible, the British never intended to open an embassy in Austin. France also considered putting a consulate general in Houston. The British Empire had strong diplomatic relations with Mexico since 1824. When Texas seceded from Mexico, The Mexican government refused to recognize its sovereignty. The British Empire wanted to maintain its diplomacy with Mexico, thus denying
Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas
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border, and capturing thieves, murderers, and other criminals, occasionally by controversial methods. Nonetheless, it was not until the latter stages of the 19th century and the Texas cattle boom that the Rangers took on a law enforcement, rather than frontier militia, role. From 1845 (when Texas was annexed to the United States) until the early 20th century, the Rangers were the only form of state law enforcement available. The force was temporarily disbanded by the federal government after the Civil War, and replaced with the short-lived Texas State Police. This agency lasted only three years before the Texas Rangers were
Texas Highway Patrol
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year he became a justice of the peace. After Texas was annexed to the United States, Sterne was elected to the Texas House of Representatives, where he served three terms. In 1851 he was elected to the Texas State Senate. He died in New Orleans on March 27, 1852. Adolphus Sterne Nicholas Adolphus Sterne (April 5, 1801 – March 27, 1852) served three terms in the Texas House of Representatives and one term in the Texas State Senate. He immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1817, living in Louisiana for ten years. In 1826, he moved to Nacogdoches,
Adolphus Sterne
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the republic largely populated by American emigres, those on both sides of the Sabine River border between the U.S. and Texas deemed it inevitable that Texas would join the United States, but this would anger Mexico, which considered Texas a breakaway province, and threatened war if the United States annexed it. Jackson, as president, had recognized Texas independence, but the initial momentum toward annexation had stalled. Britain was seeking to expand her influence in Texas: Britain had abolished slavery, and if Texas did the same, it would provide a western haven for runaways to match one in the North. A
James K. Polk
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Law of April 6, 1830 Law of April 6, 1830 was issued because of the Mier y Terán Report to counter concerns that Mexican Texas, part of the border state of Coahuila y Tejas was in danger of being annexed by the United States. Immigration of United States citizens, some legal, most illegal, had begun to accelerate rapidly. In 1827 and 1829, the United States offered to purchase Mexican Texas. Both times, President Guadalupe Victoria declined to sell part of the border state. After the failed Greek Macedonian Rebellion in eastern Texas, the Mexican government asked General Manuel Mier y
Law of April 6, 1830
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United States annexed Texas in 1845. After Bryan surveyed the area, he returned home to Arkansas. While there, a treaty was signed removing all Native Americans from Northern Texas. When he returned in November 1841, half of his customers were gone. He decided that, rather than a trading post, he would create a permanent settlement, which he founded in November 1841. In 1844 J. P. Dumas surveyed and laid out a section of blocks and streets near present downtown. The origin of the name is uncertain. The official historical marker states it was named after Vice President George M. Dallas
History of Dallas
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anniversary by a 3-cent stamp on March 3, 1945. The gates of St. Augustine are pictured on the left and the State Capitol in Tallahassee on the right. Texas was annexed in 1845 by Republic of Texas petition to the United States under the presidency of James K. Polk. The 100th anniversary of Texas statehood was commemorated by a 3-cent stamp on December 29, 1945. The Republic of Texas was established in 1836 in the aftermath of a rebellion against Mexican authority. Texas annexation to the U.S. was resisted by Northerners opposed to the expansion of slavery. But during the
Territories of the United States on stamps
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California territory, which was the same geographic area as the earlier Spanish province. In 1825, Arizona was visited by its first non-Spanish Europeans, English trappers. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, which contained the easternmost of the Southwest United States, won its independence from Mexico. In 1845 the Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States, and immediately became a state, bypassing the usual territory phase. The new state still contained portions of what would eventually become parts of other states. In 1846, the Southwest became embroiled in the Mexican–American War, partly as a result of the United States'
Southwestern United States
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not accept Rosas's alternative proposal, and Brazil distanced from Argentina. Britain did not have great interests at stake in Buenos Aires. The purpose of the war was to foster the Entente cordiale with France, so as to make possible later joint military operations elsewhere, such as the Opium War or the protection of the independence of the Republic of Texas. The British interests in South America grew when Texas was finally annexed by the United States. Texas supplied Britain with cotton, and the British calculated that it would be easier to secure cotton sources in South America (such as Paraguay)
Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata
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nationalism Texas had was growing in The Central American Provinces, triggering the fragmentation of the Federation into five independent states. Trade and relations between Texas and the former UPCA remained at a minimal, but Guatemala continued relations, and in 1845 was considering opening an embassy in Austin, Texas, however Texas was annexed by the United States before this was possible. France was the only nation to attempt to begin the steps toward official recognition of Texas on September 25, 1839. In 1841 The French opened a legation in Austin, and Texas opened an embassy in Paris. A legation is not
Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas
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allegiance remained with Mexico until 1845, when the United States annexed Texas and the Mexican–American War subsequently began. In 1848, under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the two governments established the Rio Grande as the boundary between the United States and Mexico, making Laredo part of the United States. The following year, postal service in Laredo began. During the late-19th century, Laredo entered a period of economic prosperity stimulated by the railroad, coal mining, and irrigated farming. The population tripled, and with this growth came a demand for government services. As Laredo became known as the gateway to Mexico, the
Laredo United States Post Office, Court House and Custom House
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West Pearsall, Texas West Pearsall was a census-designated place (CDP) in Frio County, Texas, United States. The population was 349 at the 2000 census. West Pearsall was annexed into the City of Pearsall in late 2002. West Pearsall is located at (28.897874, - 99.107938). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 349 people, 107 households, and 89 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4,553.6 people per square mile (1,684.4/km²). There were 127 housing units at an average
West Pearsall, Texas
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Serenada, Texas Serenada is a census-designated place (CDP) in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,641 at the 2010 census. Those living in Serenada have Georgetown addresses. Serenada is located at (30.687959, -97.698280). According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.2 km²), all of it land. Prior to the 2010 census, part of the CDP was annexed to the city of Georgetown, decreasing the total area of , all land. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool
Serenada, Texas
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Windemere, Texas Windermere is a census-designated place (CDP) in Travis County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,037 at the 2010 census. Windermere is located at (30.458700, -97.662500), 14 miles (23 km) northeast of downtown Austin. According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.5 km²), all of it land. Prior to the 2010 census, parts of the CPD were annexed to Pflugerville and Round Rock cities and additional area was lost, reducing the total area to , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,868
Windemere, Texas
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eighteens and 3.1% of those over 64. Serenada is served by the Georgetown Independent School District. Serenada, Texas Serenada is a census-designated place (CDP) in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,641 at the 2010 census. Those living in Serenada have Georgetown addresses. Serenada is located at (30.687959, -97.698280). According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the CDP has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.2 km²), all of it land. Prior to the 2010 census, part of the CDP was annexed to the city of Georgetown, decreasing the total area of , all land.
Serenada, Texas
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Garfield, Texas Garfield is a census-designated place (CDP) in Travis County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 1,698. Garfield is located at (30.196097, -97.551480), 12 miles (19 km) southeast of downtown Austin. According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the CDP has a total area of 13.9 square miles (35.9 km²), of which, 13.7 square miles (35.4 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²) of it (1.44%) is water. Prior to the 2010 census, part of the CDP was annexed to the city of Austin, reducing
Garfield, Texas
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called for Burnet's arrest for treason. Burnet declined to run for president and resigned as interim president on October 22, 1836. He served as the vice president under Mirabeau B. Lamar and participated in the Battle of Neches. He was defeated in the next presidential election by Houston. When Texas was annexed into the United States, Burnet served as the state's first Secretary of State. The first Reconstruction state legislature appointed him to the U.S. Senate, but he was unable to take his seat due to the Ironclad oath. Burnet County, Texas, is named for him. Burnet was born to
David G. Burnet
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delivered on April 25, 1840. In response to the raids of Mexican generals Rafael Vásquez and Adrián Woll, she was commissioned in 1842. In April of that year she was sent to New Orleans, Louisiana for refitting and re-arming, most of her guns having been transferred to the "Austin" and the "Wharton". The "Archer" was never sent to sea on a major cruise. When the United States formally annexed Texas on May 11, 1846, the "Archer" was transferred to the United States Navy, which in turn sold the ship for 450 dollars on November 30, 1846. The "Archer" was commanded
Texan brig Archer
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Los Villareales, Texas Los Villareales is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Starr County, Texas, United States. The population was 930 at the 2000 census. The CDP was deleted prior to the 2010 census. Part was annexed to Rio Grande City and parts were taken to form all of La Escondida, La Esperanza, and Santel CDPs and parts of Mi Ranchito Estate and Ranchitos del Norte CDPs. Los Villareales is located at (26.401720, -98.878187). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 20.5 square miles (53.1 km²), of which 20.5 square miles (53.0 km²)
Los Villareales, Texas
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Pearsall, Texas Pearsall ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Frio County, Texas, United States. The population was 9,146 at the 2010 census, up from 7,157 at the 2000 census. Pearsall is located near the center of Frio County at (28.891458, -99.094873). Interstate 35 bypasses the city on the west side, with access from Exits 99, 101, and 104. I-35 leads northeast to San Antonio and south to Laredo. According to the United States Census Bureau, Pearsall has a total area of , of which , or 0.27%, is covered by water. In 2003, Pearsall annexed
Pearsall, Texas
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independence of Texas. Mexico threatened war with the United States if it annexed the Republic of Texas. Meanwhile, U.S. President Polk's assertion of Manifest Destiny was focusing United States interest on westward expansion beyond its existing national borders. During the Spanish colonial era, the Californias (i.e., the Baja California peninsula and Alta California) were sparsely settled. After Mexico became independent, it shut down the missions and reduced its military presence. In 1842, the US minister in Mexico, Waddy Thompson Jr., suggested Mexico might be willing to cede Alta California to settle debts, saying: "As to Texas, I regard it as
Mexican–American War
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Lyford South, Texas Lyford South is an unincorporated community in Willacy County, Texas, United States. It was formerly classified as a census-designated place (CDP). The population was 172 at the 2000 census. Lyford South is located at (26.399174, -97.792150). According to the United States Census Bureau, the former CDP has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²), all of it land. Prior to the 2010 census, part of this area was annexed to the city of Lyford. As of the census of 2000, there were 172 people, 49 households, and 44 families residing in the CDP. The population
Lyford South, Texas
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teetered between collapse and invasion from Mexico until it was annexed by the United States of America in 1845. The dominant figure of the second quarter of 19th century Mexico was the dictator Antonio López de Santa Anna. During this period, many of the territories in the north were lost to the United States. Santa Anna was the nation's leader during the conflict with Texas, which declared itself independent in 1836, and during the Mexican–American War (1846–48). One of the memorable battles of the U.S. invasion of 1847 was when a group of young Military College cadets (now considered national
Military history of Mexico
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the Treaty of Velasco, granting Texas its independence. Houston stayed on briefly for negotiations, then returned to the United States for treatment of his ankle wound. Victory in the Battle of San Jacinto made Houston a hero to many Texans, and he won the 1836 Texas presidential election, defeating Stephen F. Austin and former governor Henry Smith. Houston took office on October 22, 1836, after interim president David G. Burnet resigned. During the presidential election, the voters of Texas overwhelmingly indicated their desire for Texas to be annexed by the United States. Houston, meanwhile, faced the challenge of assembling a
Sam Houston
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eventually to the Mexican–American War. The Mexican–American War was fought from 1846 to 1848. Mexico refused to acknowledge that its runaway province of Texas had achieved independence and warned that annexation to the United States would mean war. The United States annexed Texas in late 1845. The war began the next spring. U.S. President James K. Polk encouraged Congress to declare war following a number of skirmishes on the Mexican–American border. The war proved disastrous for Mexico; the Americans seized New Mexico and California and invaded Mexico's northern provinces. In September 1847, U.S. troops under General Winfield Scott captured Mexico
Mexico–United States relations
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meeting over the matter, but support quickly declined. Jefferson (proposed Southern state) The proposed State of Jefferson would have been a new state formed by one of two plans for the division of the State of Texas. The bill that annexed the Republic of Texas to the United States in 1845 allowed up to four new States, in addition to the State of Texas, to be formed out of the territory of the former Republic of Texas. This was due to the fact that Texas was the largest state in the Union at the time and in belief that the
Jefferson (proposed Southern state)
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Jefferson (proposed Southern state) The proposed State of Jefferson would have been a new state formed by one of two plans for the division of the State of Texas. The bill that annexed the Republic of Texas to the United States in 1845 allowed up to four new States, in addition to the State of Texas, to be formed out of the territory of the former Republic of Texas. This was due to the fact that Texas was the largest state in the Union at the time and in belief that the population would be shared equally between the planned
Jefferson (proposed Southern state)
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before Texas was annexed by the United States. However, Texans used bank notes from other states and shinplasters instead of the Texas money. Under the Compromise of 1850, Texas was given $10 million for all the land it had claimed outside its present state boundary. With this money, Texas paid off all its debts, including the redemption of all redbacks. The redbacks and change notes were redeemed and cut-cancelled. The notes were cut-cancelled to keep them from going out the back door and coming back in the front door to be redeemed again. These notes are highly sought after by
Texas dollar
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Vista Ridge High School. The following diagram represents localities within a radius of Brushy Creek. Brushy Creek, Williamson County, Texas Brushy Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 21,764 at the 2010 census. Brushy Creek is located at (30.510970, -97.734697), just west of Round Rock along the shore of Brushy Creek. According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the CDP has a total area of 8.7 square miles (22.6 km), all of it land. Prior to the 2010 census, the CDP had parts annexed to the cities of Austin and
Brushy Creek, Williamson County, Texas
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Brushy Creek, Williamson County, Texas Brushy Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Williamson County, Texas, United States. The population was 21,764 at the 2010 census. Brushy Creek is located at (30.510970, -97.734697), just west of Round Rock along the shore of Brushy Creek. According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the CDP has a total area of 8.7 square miles (22.6 km), all of it land. Prior to the 2010 census, the CDP had parts annexed to the cities of Austin and Round Rock and lost additional area, reducing its total area of , of which, of
Brushy Creek, Williamson County, Texas
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a presidio was 3/4 of a league downstream. Development of the Spanish colonial city followed. A trading post was also established near the presidio and the town developed as the capital of Tejas, a province of colonial Spain. It was the northernmost settlement associated with the Hispanic culture of the Valley of Mexico. After Mexico achieved independence in 1821, Anglo-American settlers entered the region from the United States. In 1836, Anglo-Americans gained control of Texas in the fighting that gained independence for the Republic of Texas. In 1845 Texas was annexed by the United States of America, and became a
History of San Antonio
1227148
La Feria, Texas La Feria is a city in Cameron County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,302 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville, the Matamoros–Brownsville and the McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan areas. La Feria is located in western Cameron County at (26.158253, -97.824973). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.69%, is water. In 2004, the city annexed the Arroyo Alto CDP, increasing the population of the city by roughly 300 people. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,115 people,
La Feria, Texas
498599
such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag." Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas, and eventually being annexed by the United States. The revolution began in October 1835, after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of American settlers in Texas. The Mexican government had become increasingly centralized and the rights of its citizens had become increasingly curtailed, particularly regarding immigration from the United States. Colonists and Tejanos disagreed on whether the
Texas Revolution
913258
fighting in the area. By 1841, a small number of permanent residents had returned. When Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, the area was stabilized by the presence of U.S. troops under Gen. Zachary Taylor. In 1845, the county was formed (San Patricio is Spanish for Saint Patrick, the primary patron saint of the colonists home country of Ireland), and Corpus Christi was designated as the county seat. The following year, the county south of the Nueces River was reorganized as Nueces County, and San Patricio became its county seat. In 1848, additional counties were formed out
San Patricio County, Texas
3189535
the Aggie Bonfire tragedy. Lawrence Sullivan Ross Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross (September 27, 1838January 3, 1898) was the 19th Governor of Texas, a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War, and a president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now called Texas A&M University. Ross was raised in the Republic of Texas, which was later annexed to the United States. Much of his childhood was spent on the frontier, where his family founded the town of Waco. As a teenager, Ross attended Baylor University. On one of his summer breaks, he suffered severe injuries while fighting
Lawrence Sullivan Ross
3189464
Lawrence Sullivan Ross Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross (September 27, 1838January 3, 1898) was the 19th Governor of Texas, a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War, and a president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now called Texas A&M University. Ross was raised in the Republic of Texas, which was later annexed to the United States. Much of his childhood was spent on the frontier, where his family founded the town of Waco. As a teenager, Ross attended Baylor University. On one of his summer breaks, he suffered severe injuries while fighting Comanches. After graduation, Ross
Lawrence Sullivan Ross
1968960
rebuked President Simón Bolívar of Gran Colombia, saying "... the strongest of all governments is that which is most free", calling on Bolívar to encourage the development of a democracy. In response, Bolívar wrote, "The United States ... seem destined by Providence to plague America with torments in the name of freedom", a phrase that achieved fame in Latin America. In the 1836 Texas Revolution, the Mexican province of Texas seceded from Mexico and nine years later, encouraged by the Monroe Doctrine and manifest destiny, the United States annexed the Republic of Texas – at its request, but against vehement
Anti-Americanism
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Velasco, Texas Velasco was a town in Texas, United States, that was later annexed by the city of Freeport. Founded in 1831, Velasco is situated on the east side of the Brazos River in southeast Texas. It is sixteen miles south of Angleton, Texas, and four miles from the Gulf of Mexico. The town's early history is closely tied with the Battle of Velasco and the Texas Revolution. Velasco was an important entry point for American settlers in Texas. In 1836 following the decisive Battle of San Jacinto, Velasco was named a temporary capital of the Republic of Texas by
Velasco, Texas
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Velasco, Texas Velasco was a town in Texas, United States, that was later annexed by the city of Freeport. Founded in 1831, Velasco is situated on the east side of the Brazos River in southeast Texas. It is sixteen miles south of Angleton, Texas, and four miles from the Gulf of Mexico. The town's early history is closely tied with the Battle of Velasco and the Texas Revolution. Velasco was an important entry point for American settlers in Texas. In 1836 following the decisive Battle of San Jacinto, Velasco was named a temporary capital of the Republic of Texas by
Velasco, Texas
3196210
territory retained by Spain, leaving this problem for the U.S. and Spain to sort out. The U.S. inherited the French claims to Texas, then in the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty traded these (and a little of the Mississippi drainage itself) in return for American possession of Florida, where American settlers and the U.S. Army were already encroaching, and acquisition of Spain's weak claims to the Pacific Northwest. Before three more decades had passed, the United States had annexed Texas. Relations between the two nations were generally quiet for two decades. The United States, in cooperation with Great Britain, issued the "Monroe
France–United States relations
4101256
to facilitate global trade. American troops annexed the Spanish port of Mobile in 1813, then occupied Pensacola. By the 1840s the Old Southwest states of Alabama and Mississippi had become wealthy by using slave labor to produce cotton for industrial use. Old Southwest The "Old Southwest" is an informal name for the southwestern frontier territories of the United States from the Revolutionary War era through the early 19th century, at the point when the territorial lands were organized into states. The territory of the Old Southwest eventually formed the states of Missouri, Mississippi, Arkansas, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, and parts of
Old Southwest
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in Arkansas by the French, and the first Arkansas State Capitol. Texas commemorated its 100th anniversary of statehood in 1945, celebrated by a 3-cent stamp issued on December 29. The state was annexed in 1845 pursuant to a Republic of Texas petition to the United States, under the presidency of James K. Polk. Iowa statehood's 100th anniversary was commemorated by a 3-cent stamp on August 3, 1946. The stamp shows the Iowa state flag superimposed on an outline map of the state, and stalks of corn flank the design. California statehood's 100th anniversary was celebrated with a 3-cent stamp issued
Territories of the United States on stamps
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Mexico, Austin's militia mobilized in support of the Mexican government to put down the Fredonian Rebellion, a group of Americans who tried to declare a part of Texas as an independent republic separate from Mexico. In 1835, all of the local militias in Texas were annexed by Sam Houston to provide a unified military command for the provisional government of the Republic of Texas. After becoming an independent republic in 1836, these forces were aligned with the Army of the Republic of Texas. In 1845, with the annexation of Texas by the United States, this structure was supplanted by the
Texas State Guard
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explaining and justifying the Texas Revolution and the very existence of the Republic. At the same time, as early as 1837, the newspaper advocated annexation to the United States, even publishing a series of articles explaining that Texas should have been considered part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1846, not long after Texas was annexed, Moore and Cruger changed the name of the newspaper to "Democratic Telegraph and Texas Register", as they explained, "to designate the plotical tenets that we shall advocate". The "Telegraph" was the second permanent newspaper in Texas. It introduced printing to three towns: Harrisburg, Columbia, and
Telegraph and Texas Register
1233406
population of 10,000. The board was to have three members from the Bacliff area, three members from the San Leon area, and three at-large members. It was prompted after the City of Texas City suddenly annexed several commercial parcels along Texas State Highway 146 between Kemah and Dickinson Bayou in 2000. The board hoped to convince Texas City to reverse the annexation. In 2012, the P.H. Robinson electric generation plant formerly operated by Texas Genco, located in the area, was demolished. San Leon is located at (29.488379, -94.929426). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total
San Leon, Texas
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was assigned to the 36th Brigade of the 49th Armored Division. As part of the 2004 reorganization of the 49th Armored Division into the 36th Infantry Division the 141st Infantry is now part of the latter division as part of the 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Constituted 18 February 1823 in the Mexican National Militia as the Texas Regiment (Republic of Texas annexed to the United States 29 December 1845) While remaining in state service, the following units additionally organized for Confederate service: Turner Rifles, Rough and Ready Company and the Houston Artillery mustered into Confederate service during the summer
141st Infantry Regiment (United States)
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independence from Mexico in 1836 following the Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas existed as a separate country from 1836 to 1845. Texas was annexed as a state into the United States in 1845, and the Mexican–American War followed from 1846–1848. The war was concluded by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in which the U.S. received the lands contentiously claimed from Mexico by Texas (including the Oklahoma Panhandle), as well as lands west of the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean (the Mexican Cession). Statehood for Texas was politically charged, as it added another "slave state" to the Union, and
History of Oklahoma
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1845 when the U.S. annexed it. The constant conflicts in the Texas region in the mid-19th century eventually led to the Mexican–American War, which began in 1846 and ended in 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In the terms of the peace treaty, Mexico lost more than of land, 55% of its territory, including what is today California, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. In addition, all disputes over Texas and the disputed territory between Rio Grande and Rio Nueces were abandoned. Five years later the Gadsden Purchase completed the creation of
Mexico–United States border
1985506
son's command. Edward learned of life in the field as an aide to his father, who could neither read nor write. Aaron Burleson, his grandfather, had fought as a minuteman in the Revolutionary War. Edward married Sarah Griffen Owen on 25 April 1816, in Madison County, Alabama. Edward Burleson Edward Burleson (December 15, 1798 – December 26, 1851) was the third Vice President of the Republic of Texas. After Texas was annexed to the United States, he served in the State Senate. Prior to his government service in Texas, he was a commander of Texian Army forces during the Texas
Edward Burleson
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David G. Burnet David Gouverneur Burnet (April 14, 1788 – December 5, 1870) was an early politician within the Republic of Texas, serving as interim President of Texas (1836 and again in 1841), second Vice President of the Republic of Texas (1839–41), and Secretary of State (1846) for the new state of Texas after it was annexed to the United States of America. Burnet was born in Newark, New Jersey, and attended law school in Cincinnati, Ohio. As a young man, he lived with a Comanche tribe for a year before returning to Ohio. In 1806 Burnet volunteered to serve
David G. Burnet
1238215
Vásquez under Gra. Santa Anna's command in 1842, and his life was threatened. Santa Anna was trying to restore Texas to Mexican control. Even though Col. Seguin had beat Gra. Vásquez's forces back across the Rio Grande, he was disparaged as having Mexican sympathies and loyalties. In exile (from 1842), once in Mexico, he then agreed to serve under Santa Anna in the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848. Gra. Santa Anna had attempted to regain Texas from the United States in 1846, after Texas was willingly annexed by the US in 1845. After that war, Juan Seguin then left Mexico behind
Floresville, Texas
470067
non-slave-owning areas but gained El Paso. American territorial expansion to the Pacific coast was a major goal of U.S. President James K. Polk. In 1845, the United States of America annexed Texas, which had won independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the Texas Revolution of 1836. Mexico did not accept the annexation, while also continuing to claim the Nueces River as its border with Texas, and also still considering Texas to be a province of Mexico. In 1845, newly elected U.S. President James K. Polk sent troops to the disputed area, and a diplomatic mission to Mexico. After Mexican
1840s
20966875
Alma Canales Alma Canales (1947 - ) is a Mexican American organizer and activist best known for being the first and only Chicana, and the only Mexican-American, to run for lieutenant governor of Texas. In the 1970s, she actively participated in the Chicano movement as a member of the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) and as an organizer in the Raza Unida Party (RUP). Canales was born in Rosita, Texas, to migrant parents and raised in Edinburg, Texas. Her family claimed ties to the land long before the United States annexed Texas in 1845. All family members worked as migrant
Alma Canales
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had the highest proportion of slaveholders and slaves in the republic. Grimes County was organized in 1846, soon after the Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States. Henry Fanthorp, a new Anglo-American settler in Texas, offered land for the county seat. The town grew quickly between 1846 and 1885, reaching a peak population of about 3,000 people. County population was majority-black and enslaved by 1860. The black majority continued until many African Americans left during the 20th century in the Great Migration, to leave behind Jim Crow conditions. Anderson in 1859 rejected being connected to the Texas and
Anderson, Texas
19326566
Elam, Dallas Elam or Elam Station is a settlement in Southeast Dallas, Texas, United States, which was first settled in 1881 and acquired a post office April 9, 1884 with the name of Elam Station. On September 7, 1899 the name was changed to Elam. The Post Office continued to function until March 15, 1904 when mail was serviced by Rylie. The area was annexed to Dallas in 1959. Noted for its skating rink (Twilight Time Skating Palace), Bowling Alley (Buckner Bowl), and Crawford Park. it is now host to the new 75227 Post Office and Dart Station. Pleasant Grove
Elam, Dallas
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of control on the border of Texas, a state that joined the Confederacy, there were a number of beneficial options. One was the formation of the Republic of Sierra Madre, separate from Mexico. Another was annexation of Nuevo León and Coahuila to the Confederacy. Vidaurri met with Confederate agent Juan A. Quintero in June 1861. Texas had been part of the Mexico until the successful Texas Revolution in 1836, creating the Lone Star Republic; then the United States annexed Texas in 1845 and the disputed border with Mexico was the proximate cause of the Mexican-American War (1846-48). However, the trade
Santiago Vidaurri
2264584
scenario, made no reference whatsoever to the ultimate free-slave apportionment of an annexed Texas and simply called for five bipartisan commissioners to resolve border disputes with Texas and Mexico and set conditions for the Lone Star Republic's acquisition by the United States. The Benton proposal was intended to calm northern anti-slavery Democrats (who wished to eliminate the Tyler-Calhoun treaty altogether, as it had been negotiated on behalf of the slavery expansionists), and allow the decision to devolve upon the soon-to-be-inaugurated Democratic President-elect James K. Polk. President-elect Polk had expressed his ardent wish that Texas annexation should be accomplished before he
Texas annexation
4664014
and Hispanic Texas joined to fight Mexico in 1836, defeating an invading army and declaring the independence of Texas. The Texas Republic included Tejanos as leading citizens, but Mexico refused to recognize its legal existence. The US annexed Texas in 1845, leading to the Mexican–American War of 1846–48. While there were some Americans who considered the war with Mexico illegal and immoral, others considered it part of Manifest Destiny—the American destiny to pursue the war. This policy claimed that it was the United States' right to expand westward across North America and settle the land. The Americans won easily and
History of Mexican Americans
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at least one "Telegraph" article in whole. Moore included many articles explaining and justifying the Texas Revolution and the very existence of the Republic. At the same time, as early as 1837, the newspaper advocated annexation to the United States, even publishing a series of articles explaining that Texas should have been considered part of the Louisiana Purchase. In 1846, not long after Texas was annexed, Moore and Cruger changed the name of the newspaper to "Democratic Telegraph and Texas Register", as they explained, "to designate the plotical tenets that we shall advocate". Moore designed the Seal of Houston, adopted
Francis W. Moore Jr.
11856603
Port Acres, Port Arthur, Texas Port Acres is an area of Port Arthur, Texas, United States that used to be a distinct unincorporated community in eastern Jefferson County. The community is between Texas State Highway 73 and Farm to Market Road 365 and west of Downtown Port Arthur. In 1923 Tyrrell-Combest Company of Beaumont platted the community on land owned by J. M. Hebert. The community was located near the El Vista Railroad stop. Port Acres had around 1,500 residents in 1949. Residents voted to incorporate as a distinct municipality on a 578-180 margin in 1959; instead Port Arthur annexed
Port Acres, Port Arthur, Texas
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either between different tribes or with the Spanish. Despite finding many relics, including a cross, tomahawk pieces, a Spanish coin, and several broken muskets, there is no written record of any such encounter. Some Spanish and Mexican land grants were issued in the area, but settlement was sparse until after the Texas Revolution. The first white settler was Martin Varner. He built his home near the southeast side of what is now Hainsville at least by 1824. The first organized settlement was at Webster in 1845. In 1850, five years after Texas was annexed to the United States, the Legislature
Wood County, Texas
11856609
Griffing Park, Port Arthur, Texas Griffing Park is an area of Port Arthur, Texas, United States that used to be a separate city in Jefferson County. In 1929 Port Arthur began its attempts to annex Griffing Park, which incorporated on November 13 of that year. In 1983 Port Arthur annexed Griffing Park. The proposed annexations were blocked by injunctions; the first was removed on November 26, 1929, and the second began in May 1930. "Handbook of Texas" describes the town's attitude during the 1983 merging process with Port Arthur as "kicking and screaming." Griffing Park is within the Port Arthur
Griffing Park, Port Arthur, Texas
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La Marque High School La Marque High School is a public high school in La Marque, Texas, United States in Greater Houston. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is currently a part of the Texas City Independent School District; prior to July 1, 2016, the school district was a part of the La Marque Independent School District. After TCISD annexed LMISD, the school remained open, and its athletic teams continued to be separate from those of Texas City High School. The school serves sections of La Marque, Tiki Island, and portions of Texas City. It has a total
La Marque High School
1228474
arm of Centurion American Development, a mega-developer that has built everything from high-rises to master-planned, vastly upscale residential enclaves. In 2014, Centurion made a deal with Nathaniel Parker III, father of Tan Parker (Texas House of Representatives) to purchase the acreage in and around Lincoln Park, one of the state’s fastest growing areas. Little Elm then annexed Lincoln Park in an acrimonious and legally disputed maneuver in April. Lincoln Park is served by the Denton Independent School District. Lincoln Park, Texas Lincoln Park is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States. The population was 308 at the 2010 census.
Lincoln Park, Texas
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Independent School District. Griffing Park, Port Arthur, Texas Griffing Park is an area of Port Arthur, Texas, United States that used to be a separate city in Jefferson County. In 1929 Port Arthur began its attempts to annex Griffing Park, which incorporated on November 13 of that year. In 1983 Port Arthur annexed Griffing Park. The proposed annexations were blocked by injunctions; the first was removed on November 26, 1929, and the second began in May 1930. "Handbook of Texas" describes the town's attitude during the 1983 merging process with Port Arthur as "kicking and screaming." Griffing Park is within
Griffing Park, Port Arthur, Texas
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unhealed wounds. There have been efforts to promote Texas secession in the state at least since the 1990s. At this time, Richard Lance McLaren founded the [[Republic of Texas (group)|Republic of Texas organization]] based on his property within the Davis Mountains Resort in [[Jeff Davis County, Texas|Jeff Davis County]], becoming the most active and influential secession group at the time. Essentially the organization claimed that the United States annexed Texas illegally and considered it to be held captive. The organization held itself out as an alternative government, based on the principle of very limited powers. McLaren had both supporters and
Texas secession movements
1998535
Richardson was at the time "dry". (With the other exception being a small area of land annexed into Richardson along SH 190.) Richardson residents voted on whether to allow beer and wine sales in the 2006 general election. The measure passed with 68% in favor, so Richardson is no longer considered "dry." The area is zoned to the Richardson Independent School District. Buckingham, Richardson, Texas Buckingham is an area within Richardson, Texas, United States that was formerly a separate incorporated city. As of the 1990 census, the city had a total population of 102. Encompassing only 159 acres (0.6 km²),
Buckingham, Richardson, Texas
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City. The war ended in a decisive U.S. victory; the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the conflict. As a result, Mexico was forced to sell all of its northernmost territory, including California and New Mexico, to the United States in the Mexican Cession. Additionally, Mexico relinquished its claims to Texas, and the United States forgave Mexico's debts to U.S. citizens. Mexicans in the annexed areas became full U.S. citizens. There had been much talk early in the war about annexing all of Mexico, primarily to enlarge the areas open to slavery. However, many Southern political leaders were in the invasion
Mexico–United States relations
370392
Neches. The first Anglo-American settlers began arriving in the region in the 1820s, soon outnumbering the Mexicans by ten to one. After the independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in 1836, the boundary between the U.S. and Texas was firmly established at the Sabine in accordance with the Adams-Onis Treaty. The river served as the western boundary of the United States until it annexed Texas in 1845. In 1843, Capt. John Clemmons made the first trip up the Sabine in the steamboat "Sabine." Steamboats carried passengers, as well as commodities such as cotton, from as far north as
Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)
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The border between the two was set along the Sabine River and the 32nd parallel, which placed the Caddo Lake Area within the borders of Texas. In 1821, after 11 years of fighting, the Spanish territory of Mexico won its independence. This included the area of the present-day Caddo Lake state park. Winning the Texas Revolution allowed the Republic of Texas to become independent from Mexico and be annexed by the United States. The 1931 Texas Legislature dedicated state property at Caddo Lake as a public park. Institutions and individuals also donated land. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Company 889 began
Caddo Lake State Park
20571015
Texas was soon to be annexed into the United States of America. In this treaty Wagon Bowles is acknowledged as Chief of the Cherokees, whereas Chicken Trotter is titled Captain. It is unclear if any of the Old Settler or Ridge Party Cherokees participated, although based upon the dates of the council it is a good possibility. Texas State Recognition of the Mount Tabor Indian Community, May 10, 2017, 84 SCR 25, a bill for recognition by the State of Texas of the Mount Tabor Indian Community Mount Tabor Indian Community The Mount Tabor Indian Community (also Texas Cherokees and
Mount Tabor Indian Community
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Texas several months later, they tore down many of the Alamo walls and burned some of the buildings. For the next five years, the Alamo was periodically used to garrison soldiers, both Texian and Mexican, but was ultimately abandoned. In 1849, several years after Texas was annexed to the United States, the U.S. Army began renting the facility for use as a quartermaster's depot. The U.S. Army abandoned the mission in 1876 after nearby Fort Sam Houston was established. The Alamo chapel was sold to the state of Texas, which conducted occasional tours but made no effort to restore it.
Alamo Mission in San Antonio
19326567
Historical Society https://www.facebook.com/groups/156970454468433/ Elam, Dallas Elam or Elam Station is a settlement in Southeast Dallas, Texas, United States, which was first settled in 1881 and acquired a post office April 9, 1884 with the name of Elam Station. On September 7, 1899 the name was changed to Elam. The Post Office continued to function until March 15, 1904 when mail was serviced by Rylie. The area was annexed to Dallas in 1959. Noted for its skating rink (Twilight Time Skating Palace), Bowling Alley (Buckner Bowl), and Crawford Park. it is now host to the new 75227 Post Office and Dart
Elam, Dallas
646763
R. Dallas. The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845 and Dallas County was established the following year. Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2, 1856. With the construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and was booming by the end of the 19th century. It became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South, and the Midwest. The Praetorian Building of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and the tallest building in Texas for some time. It marked the prominence of
Dallas