how can you remove a supreme court justice
impeachment
433322
the Supreme Court are not required to stand for election by virtue of their tenure "during good behavior," and their pay may "not be diminished" while they hold their position (). Though subject to the process of impeachment, only one Justice has ever been impeached and no Supreme Court Justice has been removed from office. At the other pole are those who view the judiciary as the least dangerous branch, with little ability to resist the exhortations of the other branches of government. The Supreme Court, it is noted, cannot directly enforce its rulings; instead, it relies on respect for
Supreme Court of the United States
9675203
of Dan Biles by Governor Sebelius marks the first time a majority of the court has been appointed by one person. Due to the checks and balances of the judicial branch with the legislative and executive branches, it is difficult to remove a Justice. Usually a Justice either dies, retires by choice, or retires after surpassing the state age limit of 75. A Justice may be removed by impeachment and conviction as specified in Article 3 of the . Justices can also be forced to retire upon certification to the governor after a hearing by the Supreme Court Nominating Commission
Kansas Supreme Court
20872106
how to proceed being made. Senate President Mitch Carmichael did announce after the session had adjourned that the Senate would ask the Supreme Court of Appeals to reconsider their decision. Former Justice Davis' impeachment trial was scheduled to begin on October 29. However, the reconstituted Supreme Court of Appeals ruled on October 25 that the injunction blocking Justice Workman's trial also retroactively applied to Justice Davis' and Justice Loughry's trials. The impeachment trial for Justice Loughry was set for November 12. However, the reconstituted Supreme Court of Appeals ruled on October 25 that the injunction blocking Justice Workman's trial also
Impeachment of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia, 2018
2390766
chief justice (or a judge) of the Supreme Court of India is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the president an oath or affirmation that he/she Per of the constitution, President can remove a judge on proved misbehaviour or incapacity when parliament approves with a majority of the total membership of each house in favour of impeachment and not less than two thirds of the members of each house present. For initiating impeachment proceedings against a judge, at least 50 members of Rajya Sabha or 100 members of Lok Sabha shall issue the notice as per Judges
Supreme Court of India
5755481
and scheduled her for trial along with the other justices. In the first of the four impeachment trials, the Senate, in a 32-1-1 vote on October 2, 2018, decided not to remove Justice Walker from office. The Senate followed by agreeing, by voice vote, to publicly "reprimand and censure" Justice Walker for her actions in the scandal. The remaining justices were scheduled to tried separately in October and November 2018. Rather than face trial, Justice Workman sued the Legislature before a reconstituted Supreme Court, which ruled in her favor on technical grounds. As this also applied to Justice Loughry, he
Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
201580
substantiate the charges, it may pass a motion of impeachment by a two-thirds majority. However, the Legislative Council does not have the power actually to remove the Chief Executive from office, as the Chief Executive is appointed by the Central People's Government. The Council can only report the result to the Central People's Government for its decision. The president, judges including chief justice of supreme court and high courts can be impeached by the parliament before the expiry of the term for violation of the Constitution. Other than impeachment, no other penalty can be given to a president in position
Impeachment
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the five sitting justices who sought to nullify the appointment of Sereno as Chief Justice. Quo warranto petition against Maria Lourdes Sereno The "quo warranto" petition against Maria Lourdes Sereno ("Republic of the Philippines vs. Maria Lourdes Sereno") filed before the Supreme Court of the Philippines was a successful attempt to remove Maria Lourdes Sereno from her post as Chief Justice of the Philippines' high court. The petition was made to nullify the appointment of Sereno as Chief Justice of the High Court. Sereno has also faced possible impeachment prior to the granting of the petition. Sereno has faced criticism
Quo warranto petition against Maria Lourdes Sereno
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Supreme Court on any actions that may need to occur. The Supreme Court can then suspend judges, censure them, remove them from office, or take no action. One justice of the court is elected by the court to serve a six-year term as Chief Justice. The Chief Justice is then responsible for all administration of the Supreme Court. Under a law enacted in 1981 the chief is not only the titular head of the Supreme Court, but also is the chief executive officer of the Oregon Judicial Department. In that role the Chief Justice supervises all of the Oregon courts,
Oregon Supreme Court
10812679
a constitutional court as a check on the Supreme Court". Shahbaz said the decision to join the Free Judiciary movement was a reaction to Zardari ending the PMLN government in Punjab Province. "Acting Chief Justice." "Supreme Judicial Council." the President may remove the Judge from office. However, it is still unclear whether a justice of the highest court of the country can be made ""non-functional"" in view of Article 180 and Article 209 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Audio & Video Suspension of Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry Chief Justice of Pakistan Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry was made a "non-functional Chief Justice" on
Suspension of Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
8218749
the Court was authorized to sit in panels of three. The Supreme Court was also given the power to remove lower court judges from office. The current Louisiana Constitution of 1974, as amended in 1980, provides for a Supreme Court composed of a Justice elected from each of seven Supreme Court Districts, serving a term of 10 years. The Chief Justice is not elected separately from the other justices (as is the case in other states, such as with the Texas Supreme Court); under Article V, Section 6, the "judge oldest in point of service on the supreme court" (i.e.,
Louisiana Supreme Court
10262332
them only to exile. This made my words not stand up to the people. Are you betraying justice, lord?" Dai responded, "If Your Imperial Majesty had killed them on the spot, there would be nothing I could do. Now that you have sent them to the supreme court, I have to follow the law." Emperor Taizong stated, "You, lord, are following the law, but you are making me lose credibility." Dai responded, "The law is how the empire can keep its credibility. Your Imperial Majesty made your words based on your feelings at that time, and you declared executions based
Dai Zhou
2370783
Thompson was concerned about losing an electoral battle in Antigonish, Annie wrote him to say that "I wish I could be with you for one ten minutes to talk square to you...So keep up your courage... win or lose they can't keep you from me much longer...So now you must not be such an awful baby until you get home and then I'll see how far you can be indulged." John Thompson was appointed to the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in 1882. When he was offered the opportunity to become Minister of Justice in 1885, Annie Thompson encouraged him
Annie Thompson
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The next year he clerked for Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. Forman describes working with O'Connor as enjoyable, although they disagreed on many of the social issues that came before the court. In his interview for the job, Forman was asked how his differing political viewpoints would affect his work as a law clerk. In an interview, he stated his response: "I told her that I will argue with you. I'll tell you the truth about what I think. I will try to persuade you. But at the end of the day, you are the justice, and I'm the
James Forman Jr.
7380779
State President, the Vietnamese Government, the local people's councils and people's committees, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuracy. The assembly can elect and remove government ministers, the chief justice of the Supreme People's Court, and the procurator general of the Supreme People's Procuracy. Finally, it has the power to initiate or conclude wars and to assume other duties and powers it deems necessary. The term of each National Assembly is five years, and meetings are convened twice a year, or more frequently if called for by the National Assembly Standing Committee. Formerly, despite its many formal duties,
National Assembly (Vietnam)
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the establishment of Anti Terrorism Courts and the Fourteenth Amendment in November 1997, legislators from different parties brought the matter before the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Sajad Ali Shah. Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister at that time, harshly criticised the Chief Justice during the proceedings and was found in contempt. On 30 November 1997, Sharif appeared before the Supreme Court along with party workers, members, chief ministers, and constituents to hear the proceedings. Unruly party workers stormed into the Supreme Court, forcing Chief Justice Sajjad Ali Shah to remove the finding of contempt against Sharif. Hundreds of PML-N supporters and
History of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
18993025
trial convened on November 1, 1923. The Senate found Walton guilty on eleven of the articles and rejected five. They then voted 41 to 0 to remove Walton from office. John T. Johnson (Oklahoma) John T. Johnson (born 1856) was a Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court from 1919 to 1925. Johnson lived in Texas and Lawton, Oklahoma. Johnson was a Democrat, County judge in Texas; district judge in Oklahoma, 1907–15; justice of Oklahoma state supreme court, 1919–25; chief justice of Oklahoma state supreme court, 1923-25. Disciples of Christ. Member, Freemasons; Odd Fellows; Woodmen. As Chief Justice, one of Johnson's
John T. Johnson (Oklahoma)
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School of Law. In 2015, Smith eulogized her friend and colleague Monroe Freedman. Professor Smith writes and comments on criminal defense, the criminal justice system, criminal prosecution, legal ethics, and juvenile justice. Her scholarship has been cited in numerous opinions. In "State v. Citizen", The Supreme Court of Louisiana cited her scholarship on indigent defendants' right to appointed counsel under "Gideon v. Wainwright". Professor Smith writes about representing unpopular clients. She wrote an opinion article in the Washington Post titled, "What motivates a lawyer to defend a Tsarnaev, a Castro or a Zimmerman?" Smith co-edited "How Can You Represent Those
Abbe Smith
5566019
court includes 34 research clerks, whose function is similar to that of the clerks of the United States Supreme Court. The Chief Justice is nominated by the Cabinet and appointed to office by the Emperor. The associate justices are appointed by the Cabinet in attestation of the Emperor. After appointment, Supreme Court justices are subject to a "people's review": an automatic retention referendum in which the voters may remove the judge from office. A people's review occurs at the first election to the House of Representatives after a justice assumes office, when the question of whether his tenure should continue
Supreme Court of Japan
17153200
by Benazir Bhutto. The conservative mass led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif had come to the power with a two-majority as a result of 1997 general elections. Sharif established the Anti Terrorism Courts (ATC), Anti-Corruption Bill and passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the constitution, all in 1997. After criticising the Chief Justice, the supreme court summoned Nawaz Sharif of Contempt of court and appeared in supreme court with party workers, members, chief ministers, and constituents to hear the proceedings. Unruly party workers stormed into the Supreme Court, forcing Chief Justice Sajjad Ali Shah to remove the finding of contempt against
Resignation of Jehangir Karamat
13162211
Caton, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, who was stationed in Ottawa, Illinois. Chief Justice Caton agreed that the state law by which Gray was being held was unconstitutional, but nevertheless ordered the Jonesboro sheriff to turn Gray over to the U.S. Commissioner in Springfield, Illinois so that the federal government could determine how to proceed under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. A number of abolitionists, including Hossack, attended the court that day, and, upon hearing Chief Justice Caton's decision, they yelled at Gray to run, Hossack saying "If you want your liberty, come." Other abolitionists then
John Hossack
6573049
can assign the responsibility to him- or herself. The justice writing the opinion for the court will produce and circulate a draft opinion to the other justices. Each justice's law clerks may be involved in this phase. In modern Supreme Court history only a few justices, such as former Justice Antonin Scalia, have regularly written their own first drafts. Once the draft opinion has been reviewed, the remaining Justices may recommend changes to the opinion. Whether these changes are accommodated depends on the legal philosophy of the drafters as well as on how strong a majority the opinion garnered at
Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States
16316156
a local school board's" discretion to remove books from high and junior high school libraries. The case was brought to the Supreme Court by five students who challenged their school board's decision to remove nine books from the school's library, after a challenge came from an organization called Parents of New York United. The Supreme Court ruled that, under the First Amendment, "Local school boards may not remove books from school library shelves simply because they dislike the ideas contained in those books". Justice William Brennan, who wrote the opinion, reasoned that "Local school boards have broad discretion in the
Book censorship in the United States
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the age is reached. Justices may be removed by one of two methods. They can be disciplined upon the recommendation of the Judicial Qualifications Commission, at which time the Court may remove a Justice or impose a lesser penalty such as a fine or reprimand; and Justices may be impeached by a two-thirds vote of the Florida House of Representatives and convicted by a two-thirds vote of the senate. In 1999, a dissenting opinion by Justice Leander J. Shaw, Jr. sparked a worldwide debate over the use of Old Sparky, Florida's electric chair, which helped lead to events that caused
Supreme Court of Florida
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take place. This process can take up to a month. The procedure ends with the transmission of a case file with a judgment of the Supreme Court to the Court of First Instance for pronouncement. Supreme Court of Thailand The Supreme Court of Thailand (), located in Bangkok, Thailand, is the highest Thai court of justice, covering criminal and civil cases of the entire country. Operating separately from the Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court, the judgment from the Supreme Court is considered as final. Neither plaintiff nor respondent can request for any further appeals. A Justice of the Supreme
Supreme Court of Thailand
14469841
Supreme Court of Thailand The Supreme Court of Thailand (), located in Bangkok, Thailand, is the highest Thai court of justice, covering criminal and civil cases of the entire country. Operating separately from the Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court, the judgment from the Supreme Court is considered as final. Neither plaintiff nor respondent can request for any further appeals. A Justice of the Supreme Court can be appointed from among justices of the Court of Appeals having seniority, extensive knowledge and experience. The current President of the Supreme Court is Judge Cheep Chulamon (Thai: ชีพ จุลมนต์). Historically, there was
Supreme Court of Thailand
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state that they were acting under laws enacted in 1934, that extended certain rights of employment to superintendents similar to those of civil servants and police officers. After that first Supreme Judicial Court ruling, the School Committee held a more formal hearing, following which the committee again voted to remove Dr. Graves. This led to a second appeal by Dr. Graves. State Supreme Court Justice James J. Ronan appointed a special master, Boston Municipal Court Special Justice F. Delano Putnam, to report on the controversy. According to one article, "Putnam's 54-page report to the court bristled with denunciations of the
Samuel Monroe Graves
17115328
juvenile, traffic, small claims, and family law cases. The Mayors' Courts of Louisiana hear misdemeanor and traffic cases. The Justice of the Peace Courts of Louisiana hear small claims and traffic cases. The Chief Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court is the chief administrator of the judiciary of Louisiana. The Judiciary Commission of Louisiana may recommend the Supreme Court censure, suspend with or without salary, remove from office, or involuntarily retire a judge for willful misconduct relating to his official duty, willful and persistent failure to perform his duty, persistent and public conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice that
Judiciary of Louisiana
3611126
kinds of elections the General Assembly must enact for that purpose. Justice Allison Humphries, in his dissent, opined that the supreme court justices approving the constitutionality of the Modified Missouri Plan had, "like Esau, sold their soul for a mess of pottage" and had made the judicial branch subordinate to the legislative branch. Partially as a result of that decision, the statute was revised in 1974 to remove Tennessee Supreme Court justices from the plan, yet a 1994 revision to what was now called the "Tennessee Plan" extended it once again to supreme court justices. The case of "DeLaney v.
Tennessee Supreme Court
20667060
Corpus. On review, the Illinois Supreme Court held that by giving Mr. Brown Miranda Warnings, the causal chain between the illegal arrest and statements obtained had been broken, and the statements were thus the result of free will. In the case syllabus, the Court sums up its holding in three parts: Writing for a unanimous court, Justice Blackmun held that reading a defendant their Miranda Rights does not remove the taint of an illegal arrest. The Court acknowledges that under Wong Sun statements and evidence obtained from an illegal search can be admissible if the connection between the search and
Brown v. Illinois
12869885
referred from the Attorney-General, particularly those that concern constitutional matters. It can also hear matters referred to it by parliamentary authorisation. The Supreme Court regulates its own procedures and makes Rules of Court. A Supreme Court decision can only be reversed by an Act of Parliament that contradicts it, or by another ruling of the Supreme Court itself. The Chief Justice of Namibia presides over the Supreme Court. He is supported by Judges of Appeal. All Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president on recommendation by the Judicial Service Commission. The Chief Justice is His Lordship Peter Shivute. Supreme
Supreme Court of Namibia
7896126
be upon [you]. The Military Commissions Act of 2006 mandated that Guantanamo captives were no longer entitled to access the US civil justice system, so all outstanding habeas corpus petitions were stayed. On June 12, 2008, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in Boumediene v. Bush, that the Military Commissions Act could not remove the right for Guantanamo captives to access the US Federal Court system. And all previous Guantanamo captives' habeas petitions were eligible to be re-instated. The judges considering the captives' habeas petitions would be considering whether the evidence used to compile the allegations the men and boys
Jawad Jabbar Sadkhan Al-Sahlani
20017885
supported by the Awami League affiliated Bangladesh Awami Olama League and an online news editor. They called it conspiracy to undermine Islam in Bangladesh. Sheikh Hasina Prime Minister of Bangladesh supported calls to remove the Statue of justice in Bangladesh Supreme Court. with some people saying the government was bowing down to the pressure of those who have used religion for political ends. The Supreme Court officials defended the statue as a symbol of Justice. The Dhaka Tribune wrote an article defending the statue. The Daily Star defended the statue and pointed out that only 7 percent of the Judges
Bangladesh Statue of Justice controversy
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the republic, not being a judicial or quasi-judicial office or the office of the Chief Adviser or Adviser. A Supreme Court Judge is not removable from office except in accordance with the provision of Article 96 of the Constitution which provides for Supreme Judicial Council empowering it to remove a judge of the supreme court from office upon allowing the delinquent judge an opportunity of being heard. The supreme judicial council is constituted with the Chief Justice of Bangladesh and next two senior judge of the Appellate Division, provided if at any time the Council inquiring into the capacity or
Supreme Court of Bangladesh
17110777
of the Federal Court of Cassation. On 3 March 2005 he was appointed as Chairman of the Federal Supreme Court as well as head of the Supreme Judicial Council, a body responsible for the oversight of all courts across Iraq. He was removed from his position as Head of the Supreme Judicial Council in February 2013 following the passing of a new law preventing the Head of the Council from also being the Chairman of the Federal Supreme Court. In mid February 2013 Iraq's Justice and Accountability Committee decided to remove al-Mahmoud from his role as Chairman of Iraq's Supreme
Medhat al-Mahmoud
5585815
of two strip clubs: Sexy City and Erotic Zone. "Texas for Lawsuit Reform" commented on the Texas election by saying, "Plaintiff trial lawyers are making an unprecedented attempt to regain the control of the Supreme Court that they enjoyed in the 1970s and 1980s, when Texas was known as 'The Lawsuit Capitol of the World.'" Also, an airing of Sixty Minutes entitled "Justice for Sale" gave a devastating critique of the Texas Supreme Court. Houston plaintiff lawyer Mark Lanier, funded the bulk of the campaign to remove the Texas Supreme Court and business groups. Funding was disclosed in an article
Supreme Court of Texas
5747142
in that case. [S]imply because you have a problem that needs addressing, it's not necessarily the case that Federal legislation is the best way to address it... [T]he constitutional limitation doesn't turn on whether it's a good idea. There is not a "good idea" clause in the Constitution. It can be a bad idea, but certainly still satisfy the constitutional requirements. [T]he Supreme Court has, throughout its history, on many occasions described the deference that is due to legislative judgments. Justice Holmes described assessing the constitutionality of an act of Congress as the gravest duty that the Supreme Court is
John Roberts Supreme Court nomination
19956909
split on this issue, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in 2016. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the Court reversed the Ninth Circuit's ruling and rejected Fannie Mae's assertion that it could automatically remove any case to a federal court. After reviewing other party-specific sue-and-be-sued clauses, Justice Sotomayor stated that the phrase "court of competent jurisdiction" allowed any court with "an existing source of subject-matter jurisdiction" to hear cases against Fannie Mae. Consequently, Justice Sotomayor held that federal law "permits suit in any state or federal court already endowed with subject-matter jurisdiction over the suit." Lightfoot v.
Lightfoot v. Cendant Mortgage Corp.
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ineligible to hold the office. Both the Supreme Court and the COMELEC upheld Velasco's protest. Despite this, House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte maintained that a decision to remove Reyes from her seat is up to the House Electoral Tribunal, where Velasco's case to remove her was still pending. Velasco was later proclaimed the representative of Marinduque district and assumed office on February 1, 2016. Velasco is the eldest son of Presbitero Velasco, a current Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Lord Allan Jay Velasco Lord Allan Jay Quinto Velasco (born November 9, 1977), also known as "P.A.", is
Lord Allan Jay Velasco
20379042
the majestic new building was inaugurated, located in the same place as the one destroyed in 1985. The building houses the Supreme Court of Justice, the Constitutional Court, the State Council and the Supreme Judicial Council since 2004. At the entrance is the phrase of General Francisco de Paula Santander: "Colombianos las armas os han dado la independencia, las leyes os darán la libertad" (Colombians, guns have given you independence, laws will give you freedom). Palace of Justice of Colombia The Palace of Justice of Colombia () is a building located in Bolívar Square in the city of Bogotá, seat
Palace of Justice of Colombia
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a big concession, Mr. Libby. Then you're saying, you can only win this case if this Court decides that the "Gertz" statement was a kind of overstatement, an exaggeration, puffery." On June 28, 2012, a divided Supreme Court held that the Stolen Valor Act's prohibition against making false statements of having been awarded a military medal violated the First Amendment. However, the six justices in the majority could not agree on a single rationale for the decision. Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing for a plurality consisting of himself, Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Justice Sonia Sotomayor, wrote
United States v. Alvarez
3611128
the constitutionality of the Tennessee Plan, but rather remanded the case on a technicality. In 2014, Tennessee voters approved an amendment to the Tennessee Constitution which codified the Tennessee Plan while adding to it a provision that gubernatorial appointments must be confirmed by the General Assembly. Only one member of the Tennessee Supreme Court has ever been removed under the Tennessee Plan. Former Justice Penny White was removed in 1996 in a campaign reminiscent of that used a few years earlier in California to remove former Chief Justice Rose Bird, and for largely the same reason: a putative opposition to
Tennessee Supreme Court
18103687
stating that he had "lost all respect" from most of the Supreme Court judges. Wilson made a series of allegations about the Chief Justice. He stated that Carmody's public calls for civility and courtesy in the legal profession were hypocritical given that he privately referred to his judicial colleagues as “snakes” and “scum”. Wilson alleged that Carmody had sought to remove Justice John Byrne from his role as Senior Judge Administrator, a move that he reversed after "universal condemnation" from other Supreme Court judges. He further alleged that Carmody had sought to interfere with the protocol for choosing the judge
Tim Carmody
6674086
the California Supreme Court affirmed Allen's death sentence. Associate Justice Joseph Grodin's opinion referred to Allen's crimes as "sordid events" with an "extraordinarily massive amount" of aggravating evidence. In a dissenting opinion, California Supreme Court Justice Broussard stated that the prosecutor influenced the jury by telling them that "if you conclude that aggravating evidence outweighs the mitigating evidence, you shall return a death sentence," while the law does not mandate a death sentence in such a situation. According to Justice Broussard, this led to a lack of freedom for the jury to make a "normative decision." In 2005, the U.S.
Clarence Ray Allen
13344472
in Baghdad, which since 2005 has been run by various Shiite parties). In February 2013, the De-Ba'athification Commission decided to remove Chief Justice Medhat al-Mahmoud. Al-Mahmoud then filed a successful appeal to the cassation panel, which on failed to find any strong evidence of ties to Saddam Hussein and rejected al-Mahmoud's dismissal. Federal Supreme Court of Iraq The Federal Supreme Court of Iraq (, "Al-Mahkamah al-Ittihādiyah al-‘Ulyā") is the independent judicial body of Iraq that interprets the constitution and determines the constitutionality of laws and regulations. It acts as a final court of appeals, settles disputes among or between the
Federal Supreme Court of Iraq
10028347
Act, the Chief Justice is appointed for 9 years and no person can be appointed for two consecutive terms of office. There have been five Chief Justices during the operation of the Court: Any experienced lawyer in good standing can apply to become a Justice of the Supreme Court following an announcement of a public competition. Successful candidates are appointed for life tenure by Riigikogu on the advice of the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The Court ordinarily includes 19 Justices; however, one or more positions are often vacant. The current Justices are listed below. According to §99
Supreme Court of Estonia
7363415
final court of appeal for all cases in South Korean law. The Supreme Court, seated in Seoul, consists of fourteen Justices, including one Chief Justice. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has the power over all court administration, and can recommend court-related legislation to the National Assembly. The Justices must be at least 40 years old, and have at least 15 years of experience practicing law. They serve for six-year terms; the Chief Justice cannot be reappointed, but the other justices can. Below the Supreme Court come appellate courts, stationed in five of the country's major cities. Appellate courts
Government of South Korea
1896377
life. In 1788, he was appointed chief justice of the District Criminal Court in Baltimore and served until 1796. In 1791, he became Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court, again serving until 1796. On January 26, 1796, President George Washington appointed Chase as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Chase served on the court until his death on June 19, 1811. President Thomas Jefferson, alarmed at the seizure of power by the judiciary through the claim of exclusive judicial review, led his party's efforts to remove the Federalists from the bench. His allies in
Samuel Chase
15107994
Membership requirements are: Ineligible for membership are: Official materials of the council is published in the Bulletin of the Supreme Court of Ukraine and in special cases in "Holos Ukrainy" and "Uryadovyi kurier". In 2017 it replaced the "High Council of Justice" (“Вища рада юстицїї”). The same year the competence to appoint and to remove judges was transferred from the Ukrainian Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) to the Supreme Council of Justice. The council was established on March 31, 1998 with the first session of it. The first chairman of the council became Valeri Yevdokimov. Its revamped 2017 version was established in
Supreme Council of Justice
13870999
in the office of the Chief Justice/Justice of Appeal/Judge of the High Court and I will do right to all manner of people after the laws and usages of Barbados without fear or favour, affection or ill will. So help me God. Supreme Court of Judicature (Barbados) The Supreme Court of Judicature of Barbados is the highest judicial body in the country of Barbados. It is made up of the High Court and the Court of Appeals. Appeals from the Supreme Court can be further referred to the jurisdiction of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ). The High Court consists
Supreme Court of Judicature (Barbados)
16452094
which was rushed through right before the Belizean general election, 1998. He succeeded George B. Singh, who with his failing health in mind was transferred to a less demanding position as a Justice of Appeal. After the UDP's election losses, incoming People's United Party PM Said Musa quickly took action to remove Sosa from his position as CJ by having a suit filed in the Supreme Court to nullify his appointment. In 1999, a judge of the Supreme Court (who was later removed from office for judicial misconduct) ruled, at a closed-door hearing of which Chief Justice Sosa was given
Manuel Sosa (judge)
10028348
of the Courts Act, the mandatory retirement age for any Judges, including the Chief Justice and Justices of the Supreme Court, is 68 years. In accordance with the Courts Act, a Justice of the Supreme Court can be released from office by Riigikogu on advice of the Chief Justice, while the Chief Justice can be released by Riigikogu on advice of the President. Any release from office has to be for one of the reasons laid out in §99(1) of Courts Act as quoted below. ""(1) A judge shall be released from office:" "1) at the request of the judge;"
Supreme Court of Estonia
6057377
President of Nepal on the recommendation of the Judicial Council. The Judicial Council is a five member independent body headed by the Chief Justice along with a minister of law and justice, senior most justice of supreme court and two distinguished jurists representing the Prime Minister and Nepal Bar Association. The Chief Justice and the justices of the Supreme Court have to be confirmed by the Parliamentary Hearing Committee before they can be appointed by the President. The administrative head of the Supreme Court is the Chief Registrar. In addition to the Chief Registrar, one Registrar and four Joint-Registrar are
Supreme Court of Nepal
8033904
Justice Gonthier, writing for a unanimous Court, dismissed Therrien's appeal. Gonthier dismissed the first argument by Therrien that the Court of Appeal and Supreme Court did not have jurisdiction over the matter. Section 95 of the "Courts of Justice Act" clearly granted the right to the courts to review the decisions of the inquiry panel. Gonthier considered whether section 95 of the "Courts of Justice Act", which established the requirements to remove a judge, violated the constitutional principle of judicial independence guaranteed under the preamble of the "Constitution Act, 1867". He found that judicial independence did not extend so far
Re Therrien
20349908
justice system. In 1990, the Federal Supreme Court of Germany and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany decided that sections of the German Code of Criminal Procedure provided justifiable legal basis for the use of genetic fingerprinting in identifying criminals and absolving innocents. The decisions, however, lacked specific details on how biological materials can be obtained and how genetic fingerprinting can be utilized; only regulations of blood tests and physical examinations were explicitly outlined. In 1998, the German Parliament authorized the establishment of a national DNA database, due to mounting pressure to prevent cases of sexual abuse and homicides involving
DNA encryption
7833505
said to amount to a total of US$100 million. In early 1986, Congress charged García Meza and fifty-five of his former colleagues with sedition, armed uprising, treason, genocide, murder, torture, fraud against the state, drug trafficking, crimes against the Constitution, and other crimes. In April 1986, however, the Supreme Court of Justice suspended the first hearing in García Meza's murder trial, after his defense demanded the removal of three judges whom it charged had participated in García Meza's military government. The Supreme Court of Justice subsequently voted to remove its president and two other justices from the trial. After García
Law enforcement in Bolivia
20872098
his home in Huntington to work, and for several vacation trips, without paying tax on the fringe benefit. Justice Ketchum then had his income tax amended to pay the back tax and repaid the state over $1600 for the issue. Early in 2018, the other four justices voted to remove Allen Loughry from his position as chief justice when they became aware he had withheld the existence of a federal grand jury subpoena from them. On June 6, 2018, Loughry was charged with 32 violations of the state Code of Judicial Conduct. The Supreme Court, reconstituted with four circuit judges
Impeachment of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia, 2018
14421324
with the embezzlement of state funds by civil servants, said to amount to a total of US$100 million. In early 1986, Congress charged García Meza and fifty-five of his former colleagues with sedition, armed uprising, treason, genocide, murder, torture, fraud against the state, drug trafficking, crimes against the Constitution, and other crimes. In April 1986, however, the Supreme Court of Justice suspended the first hearing in García Meza's murder trial, after his defense demanded the removal of three judges whom it charged had participated in García Meza's military government. The Supreme Court of Justice subsequently voted to remove its president
Narcotics in Bolivia
18032515
of sitting judges is 61. The responsibility for appointing Supreme Court justices is vested in the President of Austria, but the President can and usually does delegate this task to the minister of justice. The minister picks from a shortlist of three nominees provided by the court itself. The Supreme Court of Justice convenes in the Palace of Justice in Vienna. The Austrian judiciary is divided into general courts () and courts of public law (). The courts of public law supervise the other two branches of government. One of its limbs, the administrative court system, reviews the legality of
Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)
2390796
law at the earliest by rectifying any misuse of the constitution by the parliament and the executive without colluding with them and to remove perceptions of people that rule of law is side lined and a section of its citizens are subjected to discrimination. On 12 January 2018, four senior judges of the supreme court; Jasti Chelameswar, Ranjan Gogoi, Madan Lokur and Kurian Joseph addressed a press conference criticizing Chief Justice Dipak Misra's style of administration and the manner in which he allocated cases among judges of the supreme court. However, people close to Misra refuted the allegations that allocation
Supreme Court of India
16772584
appointees to the Supreme Court who have never been involved with the executive government. The Constitution contains several safeguards to protect the judiciary from political pressures. For instance, Supreme Court judges hold office until the age of 65, and may not be removed from office except under special circumstances. The President may, on the recommendation of a tribunal of five present or former Supreme Court judges from Singapore or judges of equivalent status from any part of the Commonwealth, remove a judge from office, if the Prime Minister or the Chief Justice acting on the Prime Minister's advice informs him
Separation of powers in Singapore
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has a composition of five judges. In the event that a Chief Justice serves the mandatory ten years as Chief Justice before turning 70, the retired Chief Justice can opt to continue serving as an associate justice, even though this may raise the membership of the court above seven. Following a protracted case on the retirement age of judges who were appointed under the old Constitution of Kenya, the Supreme Court delivered a ruling which effectively set the retirement age at 70 years, sending the Deputy Chief Justice and one other Supreme Court Judge who had reached 70 on retirement.
Supreme Court of Kenya
9845307
Makalintal, as Chief Justice, delivered the summary of votes, and explained the reason why there was no collegial opinion by the Court. He said, among others, that the justices of the Supreme Court are conscious of "the future verdict of history" upon their stand. Benigno Aquino, Jr. warned of such verdict of history, as he aptly said, "Today, you are my judges. Tomorrow, history will judge you." Querube Makalintal Querube C. Makalintal (December 22, 1910 – November 8, 2002) was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from Oct. 31, 1973 until December 22, 1975 and Speaker
Querube Makalintal
8433254
An irrational rejection would be "Bald expressions of rejection or disapproval." The Court added that salaries of judges could be compared with salaries of other government workers as long as the governments explains how they selected who is compared to whom. New evidence can also be cited for not following recommendations, including discoveries that a recommendations' evidence is inaccurate. When government reasons are legally challenged, the Supreme Court instructs reviewing courts to exercise deference to the government. Following the 1997 Reference, the Supreme Court found reviewing courts should ask two questions, namely whether reasons are given by the government and
Provincial Court Judges' Assn of New Brunswick v New Brunswick (Minister of Justice)
5130595
of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Provincial High Courts, District Courts, Anti-terrorism courts, "Sharia" courts, and Environmental courts all over the country; Supreme Court being the superior court. The Supreme Court of Pakistan consists of a Chief Justice, and Senior Justices appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of Pakistan. The Constitution does not fix the number of justices of the Supreme Court, though it can be fixed by Parliament through an act signed by the President. The Constitution grants powers to the Supreme Court to make judicature transfers. Although the proceedings in the Supreme Court arise
Government of Pakistan
6566055
rights. This judgment was upheld by the European Court of Human Rights. Since then, judges have set minimum terms and only the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom can make any amendments to the sentence. Though politicians can no longer decide when or if a life sentence prisoner can be considered for parole, the Attorney General still has the power to petition the Court of Appeal in a bid to increase any prison terms which are seen as unduly lenient. The Criminal Justice Act 2003 sets out guidelines for how long murderers should spend in
Life imprisonment in England and Wales
8580528
the Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. At the local level are some justice courts, municipal courts, and county courts. The Oregon Supreme Court is located in the Oregon Supreme Court Building in Salem. It consists of seven judges that are elected to six-year terms in statewide popular elections, with vacancies filled by appointment by the Governor of Oregon. As the highest court in the state, it is the final authority on state law and its decisions can only be overturned by the United States Supreme Court. The court is headed by the Chief Justice, who is elected to
Government of Oregon
7665501
test presented by the majority is flawed because value is inherently relative, and cannot be determined by a court of law. The test raises unanswerable questions: how much value is required, and compared to what? Is it to be compared to the overall value of the land? And if public safety is imperiled, neither grant nor contract, can prevail against the exercise of police power. As for the applicability of the law to other properties, especially public properties, notice will not sufficiently protect public safety. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania judgment reversed. Today, the Supreme Court quotes Justice Holmes in "Mahon"
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
6577486
to hopeless that they can be effectively discounted. There is no indication whatsoever that you have experienced any sense of remorse for what you have done, and I doubt that you are capable of any such human response. At a fundamental level, as human beings, you present for us the awful, threatening and unanswerable question: How did you come to be as you are?" Dupas appeared in the Supreme Court of Victoria Court of Appeal in August 2001 to appeal his conviction for the murder of Patterson. His appeal was dismissed. Margaret Josephine Maher, 40, was a sex worker working
Peter Dupas
4819470
in the interests of justice, and which are not within the jurisdiction of another court or tribunal. The High Court of Justice grants relief through orders such as injunction, mandamus and Habeas Corpus, as well as through declaratory judgments. The Supreme Court can also sit at a “further hearing” on its own judgment. In a matter on which the Supreme Court has ruled, whether as a court of appeals or as the High Court of Justice, with a panel of three or more Judges, it may rule at a further hearing with a panel of a larger number of Judges.
Supreme Court of Israel
6154365
on the practice pioneered by Goldstein of identifying and pursuing cases that are likely to be reviewed by the Supreme Court. At the time, the practice was extremely controversial and analogized to ambulance chasing by established members of the bar, including by now-Chief Justice John Roberts, who quipped about contacting the lawyers in cases that if you needed a heart-surgeon, you would not pick the one who called you out of the blue. The practice has since become commonplace among almost all law firm Supreme Court practices and the several Supreme Court litigation clinics in law schools. Goldstein founded SCOTUSblog,
Tom Goldstein
11934779
13 August 2008, the government declared that the Yesha Council had agreed to decide within 30 days to which location to transfer the outpost, on 24 November 2008 the government signed an agreement with the settlers to remove the outpost to the settlement of Geva Binyamin. On 26 November, the Supreme Court ordered the government to explain within 45 days why it didn't remove the outpost. In her summation Supreme Court President Dorit Beinisch criticized the State “Today you are submitting papers full of promises, but without any knowledge of who will actually see this through in 3 years time,
Migron, Mateh Binyamin
3067097
of his last dissents: Originalists, such as Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, who rejects substantive due process doctrine, and Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, who has also questioned the legitimacy of the doctrine, call a substantive due process a "judicial usurpation" or an "oxymoron". Both Scalia and Thomas have occasionally joined Court opinions that mention the doctrine, and have in their dissents often argued over how substantive due process should be employed based on Court precedent. Many non-originalists, like Justice Byron White, have also been critical of a substantive due process. As propounded in his dissents in "Moore v. East
Due Process Clause
4826849
of Public Instruction, Max Rafferty, headed the education department. In 1984, Patterson was appointed to the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals, at which he remained until his retirement in 1997. In 2003, Patterson was appointed chief justice of a "Special Supreme Court" that tried the case of Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore, who appealed his removal from office after he had refused to remove a monument of the Ten Commandments from the courthouse despite orders from a federal court judge to do so. The special court ruled that Moore's removal was legal. In 2012, Moore was again elected as the
John Malcolm Patterson
4902557
to agree with any such declaration. However, if they do accept a declaration, ministers can exercise powers under section 10 of the act to amend the legislation by statutory instrument to remove the incompatibility or ask Parliament to amend the legislation. The current President of the Supreme Court is Lady Hale, and its Deputy President is Lord Reed. From the Supreme Court — For Scottish civil cases decided prior to September 2015, permission to appeal from the Court of Session was not required and any such case can proceed to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom if two Advocates
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
13870996
Supreme Court of Judicature (Barbados) The Supreme Court of Judicature of Barbados is the highest judicial body in the country of Barbados. It is made up of the High Court and the Court of Appeals. Appeals from the Supreme Court can be further referred to the jurisdiction of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ). The High Court consists of Civil, Criminal, and Family branches. The Court of Appeals handles appeals from the High Court and Magistrate Courts, and hears appeals in both the civil and criminal branches of law. It may consist of a single Justice of Appeal sitting in
Supreme Court of Judicature (Barbados)
14002838
that motivated the subsequent federal Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017. Laboratories of democracy "Laboratories of democracy" is a phrase popularized by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis in "New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann" to describe how a "state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country." Brandeis was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939. This concept explains how within the federal framework, there exists a system of state autonomy where state and local
Laboratories of democracy
14002835
Laboratories of democracy "Laboratories of democracy" is a phrase popularized by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis in "New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann" to describe how a "state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country." Brandeis was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1916 to 1939. This concept explains how within the federal framework, there exists a system of state autonomy where state and local governments act as social "laboratories," where laws and policies are created
Laboratories of democracy
20775404
again. She is given the right to file a motion for reconsideration against the Supreme Court's decision to remove her as Chief Justice, which she filed on May 31, 2018. The Supreme Court denied with finality Sereno's motion for reconsideration for lack of merit on June 19, 2018 voting 8-6, upholding the "quo warranto" decision. The ruling also states that no further pleading will be entertained as well as order for immediate entry of judgement. Senior Justice Antonio Carpio assumed the post of Chief Justice in an acting capacity starting May 14, 2018, following Sereno's removal from office. Opposition lawmakers
Quo warranto petition against Maria Lourdes Sereno
5654079
Opponents of the referendum called it an attempt to remove longtime Chief Justice Shirley Abrahamson, a member of the court's liberal minority, while supporters called it an effort to promote democracy on the court. In 2009, the United States Supreme Court decided "Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.", holding 5-4 that a campaign expenditure of over $3 million by a corporate litigant to influence the election of a judge to the court that would hear its case, although legal, was an "extreme fact" that created a "probability of bias", thus requiring the judge to be recused from hearing the case.
Wisconsin Supreme Court
5757817
he announced, mostly to gain local electoral kudos and in "bone-headed stupidity", that the Cooks would reconsider the relationship with New Zealand. David Lange, who disliked Davis, said if the Cooks wanted independence he would cut aid and remove New Zealand citizenship rights. Lange also said "We can probably throw in a second-hand Orion at a knock down rate so you can do your own maritime surveillance." On 3 August 1986 Davis became the first head of government to formally consult with the Universal House of Justice, the supreme governing institution of the Bahá'í Faith. Davis later went on to
Thomas Davis (Cook Islands politician)
14479816
Foundation for Moral Law The Foundation for Moral Law is a socially conservative, Christian right legal advocacy group based in Montgomery, Alabama. The Foundation was established in 2003 by Republican politician Roy Moore, who was ousted as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama in 2003 for refusing to comply with a federal court order to remove a Ten Commandments monument from the grounds of the Alabama Judicial Building. In 2013, Moore was again elected to the Alabama Supreme Court, but was suspended from the Court in 2016, and resigned in 2017, after ordering Alabama probate judges to ignore
Foundation for Moral Law
10195183
was suspended by the Supreme Court. Later Council's Verdict was that Council was not valid without Chief Justice as according to Constitution of Pakistan Supreme Judicial Council can not be Completed, Validated, or Proceed without "de jure" Chief Justice, No matter whoever may be "de facto" or "acting Chief Justice" is and provided that Nobody can file "Petition" against "de jure" Chief Justice (In this scenario Chief Justice Iftekhar M. Chauhdary himself). SO, Chief Justice, Mr:Chauhdary was restored and found not guilty. Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan The Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan is a body of judges empowered under
Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan
18032517
with one of the 115 district courts (); the verdict of a district court can be appealed to the relevant regional court (). Some cases are first tried before one of the 18 regional courts and can be appealed to the relevant higher regional court (). The four higher regional courts and the Supreme Court of Justice do not have original jurisdiction; they exclusively hear appeals. The constitutional right to an appeal is taken seriously in Austria. Any party to any trial before a general court can file an appeal on facts and law (). If the case is a
Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)
3971690
of Justice Blair Moody on November 26. This appointment became the subject of a bitter partisan controversy. Not only had Riley been rejected by the voters, but Milliken was also leaving office in less than a month, and newly elected Democratic Governor James Blanchard argued he should be allowed to make the appointment to replace Moody rather than Milliken. In February 1983, the other Supreme Court Justices voted 4-2 to remove Riley from the court. Blanchard replaced her with U.S. District Court Judge Patricia Boyle. However, Riley won election to the Supreme Court in 1984 and was re-elected in 1992.
Dorothy Comstock Riley
15975154
the commissioner has finished with you, the papers in your case go on review to a Judge of the Supreme Court. He is expected, if everything is in order, to certify that what happened to you appears to him to have been "in accordance with justice". The trouble is that it was not. It may have been in accordance with the legislation and, because what appears in legislation is the law, in accordance with that too. But it can hardly be said to have been "in accordance with justice". South Africa under apartheid was subject to parliamentary sovereignty, such that
In re Dube
6391485
to the U.S. Constitution. When Gibson retired on August 31, 1964, Governor Pat Brown elevated Roger J. Traynor from Associate Justice to the position of Chief Justice, and Stanley Mosk filled the empty seat as Associate Justice. Gibson's lengthy tenure was notable for his efforts to modernize the administration of the courts, to set up a mechanism to remove unfit judges, and to supply the Supreme Court with a staff of research attorneys. Gibson's court was highly respected nationally, both for Gibson's opinions and for those of Traynor. Gibson died in Monterey County, California on April 28, 1984. In May
Phil S. Gibson
16991295
government with respect to any matter concerning County Governments. It can also determine the validity of a declaration of a state of emergency, an extension of such a declaration, or any legislation enacted in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency. The Supreme Court is made up of seven judges: the Chief Justice of Kenya, who is the president of the Court, the Deputy Chief Justice of Kenya, who is the deputy to the Chief Justice and vice-president of the court and five other judges. The Supreme Court is properly constituted for purposes of its proceedings when it
Supreme Court of Kenya
15231546
petitions were heard by the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, consisting of one chief justice and two associate justices. Many judges who were later appointed to the US Supreme Court started in this lower court. Despite being a federal branch of the court system, the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia acted as both a lower and appellate court for nearby jurisdictions. The papers of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia are held by the National Archives. The digital project "O Say Can You See: Early Washington D.C., Law & Family" has collected and digitized
Freedom suit
20493592
Court of Samoa. Decisions of the Supreme Court can, with leave of the court, be appealed to the Court of Appeal of Samoa. The Court of Appeal consists of the Chief Justice and the other judges of the Supreme Court, but a judge cannot sit on an appeal from their own decision. Once appointed, Samoan judges serve until the retirement age of 68, though non-citizens can be appointed to the court for a specific term. The court is made up of the following judges: Supreme Court of Samoa The Supreme Court of Samoa is the superior court dealing with the
Supreme Court of Samoa
8657724
The justices meet in conference twice a week to discuss pending matters. Its Tuesday conferences considers pending petitions for original jurisdiction, and matters that should be considered by the full court. Its Thursday conferences consider proposed opinions, petitions for rehearing, and appeal classifications. A five-justice panel determines how appeals to the Montana Supreme Court are reviewed by the court, such as for full oral argument before the court sitting "en banc", or to be decided purely on the briefs submitted to either the court "en banc" or to a five-justice panel. The court’s annual calendar was previously divided into four
Montana Supreme Court
2258970
Chief justice The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the High Court of Australia, the
Chief justice
3824095
Nova Scotia Supreme Court The Nova Scotia Supreme Court is a superior court in the province of Nova Scotia. The Supreme Court consists of 25 judicial seats including the position of Chief Justice and Associate Chief Justice. At any given time there may be one or more additional justices who sit as supernumerary justices. The justices sit in 18 different locations around the province. As with all superior courts across the country, the court is said to have inherent jurisdiction. It hears civil and criminal trials. The criminal trials can be judge alone or judge and jury. The court will
Nova Scotia Supreme Court
16378022
argues that this quality in Trump "makes [him] the ultimate feminist — he treats men and women equally." When asked how conservatives should respond to the 2012 Supreme Court decision upholding President Obama's health care legislation, where Chief Justice John Roberts sided with the majority, Masini advised: "If you're considering a Democratic ticket in the November election as a way to show Roberts that nobody messes with you and walks away unscathed, reconsider," she said. "It backfires, and while you may feel good about being an ass — I mean, donkey — you'll ultimately be betraying yourself." She advocates dating
April Masini
16911308
champion gave a speech talking about the need to remove corruption, although the event had presence of a number of alleged suspects. In 2018, the minister Dias Toffoli succeeded Carmen Lúcia as president of the Court. Cármen Lúcia Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha (; 19 April 1954) is a Brazilian jurist and member of the Supreme Federal Court since 2006. She is the second woman to have been chosen as a justice for the Court and Chief Justice and a professor of Constitutional Law at Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais. She was nominated by former President of Brazil Luiz Inácio
Cármen Lúcia
16923014
used a variety of methods to deduce the specific perspective of each justice over time. Researchers have carefully analyzed the judicial rulings of the Supreme Court—the votes and written opinions of the justices—as well as their upbringing, their political party affiliation, their speeches, editorials written about them at the time of their Senate confirmation, and the political climate in which they are appointed, confirmed, and work. From this data, scholars have inferred the ideological leanings of each justice and how the justices are likely to vote on upcoming cases. Using statistical analysis of Supreme Court votes, scholars found that an
Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices
4420231
with laws against faithless electors, a faithless elector may only be punished after they vote. The constitutionality of state "pledge" laws was confirmed by the Supreme Court in 1952 in "Ray v. Blair" in a 5–2 vote. The court ruled states have the right to require electors to pledge to vote for the candidate whom their party supports, and the right to remove potential electors who refuse to pledge prior to the election. The court also wrote: The ruling only held that requiring a pledge, not a vote, was constitutional and Justice Jackson, joined by Justice Douglas, wrote in his
Faithless elector
9436196
the Supreme Court of Western Australia 1879-1883. Stone was appointed a puisne judge of the Supreme Court in 1883 and succeeded Sir Alexander Onslow as Chief Justice in 1901, a position he held until 1906 when health problems forced his retirement. Stone once addressed a man appearing in his own defence: 'You may be poor, but you are still entitled to justice'. Stone was made a knight bachelor on 15 August 1902, after the honour had been announced in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902. In 1912 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order
Edward Albert Stone
2258975
of the President of South Africa. Chief justice The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand,
Chief justice
5480027
members of the court. Two of the choices must be senior judges from appellate courts; the other three may have no judicial experience. The president's choice must then be ratified by a two-thirds majority of the Senate. Supreme Court justices must be at least 36 years old. Once appointed, a Chilean Supreme Court justice is entitled to remain on the Court until the compulsory retirement age of 75. The only exception is if a justice can be removed by "notorious abandonment of duty," as deemed by a majority of both chambers of Congress. The Supreme Court has twenty-one members, called
Supreme Court of Chile
8100930
Drayton Nabers Jr. Drayton Nabers Jr. (born December 2, 1940) is an American lawyer and former Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. He was appointed to the court in 2003 by Governor Bob Riley following Chief Justice Roy Moore's removal as a result of his refusal to remove his Ten Commandments Monument from the State Judicial Building despite a federal court order to do so, an event that attracted national media attention. Nabers was born in Birmingham, Alabama, on December 2, 1940, to Drayton Nabers and June Porter Nabers. He received his B.A. from Princeton University in 1962 and
Drayton Nabers Jr.
8100925
Drayton Nabers Jr. Drayton Nabers Jr. (born December 2, 1940) is an American lawyer and former Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. He was appointed to the court in 2003 by Governor Bob Riley following Chief Justice Roy Moore's removal as a result of his refusal to remove his Ten Commandments Monument from the State Judicial Building despite a federal court order to do so, an event that attracted national media attention. Nabers was born in Birmingham, Alabama, on December 2, 1940, to Drayton Nabers and June Porter Nabers. He received his B.A. from Princeton University in 1962 and
Drayton Nabers Jr.