what was in the water in flint michigan
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Flint water crisis The Flint water crisis first started in 2014 when the drinking water source for the city of Flint, Michigan was changed from Lake Huron and the Detroit River to the cheaper Flint River. Due to insufficient water treatment, lead leached from the lead water pipes into the drinking water, exposing over 100,000 residents. After a pair of scientific studies proved lead contamination was present in the water supply, a federal state of emergency was declared in January 2016 and Flint residents were instructed to use only bottled or filtered water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and bathing. As
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the advisory board of the Flint Child Health and Development Fund. In one year, the Flintkids.org Fund raised over $17 million and awarded over $2 million in grants directly supporting Flint kids' health and development. Hanna-Attisha was appointed by Michigan Governor Rick Snyder to three public health commissions formed in response to the Flint Water Crisis, the Flint Water Interagency Coordinating Committee, the Michigan Child Lead Poisoning Elimination Board, and the Michigan Public Health Commission. Hanna-Attisha wrote what has been described as a dramatic first-hand account of the Flint Water Crisis with the "gripping intrigue of a Grisham thriller." The
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Virginia Tech researchers (see section below) determined that the river water, which, due to higher chloride concentration, is more corrosive than the lake water, was leaching lead from aging pipes. Dr. Mozhgan Savabieasfahani, an environmental toxicologist based in Ann Arbor, Michigan said this level of lead exposure is comparable with what the Iraqi people have experienced since the U.S. occupation in 2003. While the local outcry about Flint water quality was growing in early 2015, Flint water officials filed papers with state regulators purporting to show that "tests at Flint's water treatment plant had detected no lead and testing in
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in October 2011, the Michigan Geological Survey was transferred from the Michigan DEQ to the Western Michigan University (WMU) Department of Geosciences, making WMU "the designated geoscience agency in Michigan, with responsibility for mapping and assessing the state's geological resources." In 2015 and 2016, the Michigan DEQ was criticized for its role in the Flint water crisis; agency officials repeatedly dismissed citizens' concerns about water quality in Flint, leading to a delay in addressing lead poisoning in the city's water supply. The DEQ also revised water samples to wrongly indicate that the water was safe, changing the lead-level results from
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
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Flint water crisis The Flint water crisis first started in 2014 when the drinking water source for the city of Flint, Michigan was changed from Lake Huron and the Detroit River to the cheaper Flint River. Due to insufficient water treatment, lead leached from the lead water pipes into the drinking water, exposing over 100,000 residents. After a pair of scientific studies proved lead contamination was present in the water supply, a federal state of emergency was declared in January 2016 and Flint residents were instructed to use only bottled or filtered water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and bathing. As
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so the city of Flint can continue to buy pre-treated water from the Great Lakes Water Authority. The $12 million project will allow Flint to remain a customer of the GLWA until at least 2019. In January 2015, a public meeting was held, where citizens complained about the "bad water." Residents complained about the taste, smell, and appearance of the water for 18 months before a Flint physician found highly elevated blood lead levels in the children of Flint. During that time period, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality had insisted the water was safe to drink. A study by
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of Shiawassee and Genesee Counties. A fundraiser called Fashion For Flint held in late January 2017 helped raised money to purchase 10,000 bottles of water. The Flint crisis has been the subject of many documentaries, as well as fictional dramatizations. "Flint", a television film based on the crisis starring Queen Latifah, Betsy Brandt, Jill Scott, Marin Ireland and Rob Morrow premiered in October 2017. "Lead and Copper", a documentary on the Flint water contamination crisis, was released in 2017. On March 8, 2016, the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan released "Here's to Flint 2016" about the water crisis. On
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again, and asked the Michigan Legislature to give Flint an additional $28 million in funding for filters, replacement cartridges, bottled water, more school nurses and additional intervention specialists. It also will fund lab testing, corrosion control procedures, a study of water-system infrastructure, potentially help Flint deal with unpaid water bills, case management of people with elevated lead-blood levels, assessment of potential linkages to other diseases, crisis counseling and mental health services, and the replacement of plumbing fixtures in schools, child care centers, nursing homes and medical facilities. The Michigan House Appropriations Committee passed the bill the next day, while the
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problem was compounded with the fact that anticorrosive measures were not implemented. After two independent studies, lead poisoning caused by the water was found in the area's population. This has led to several lawsuits, the resignation of several officials, fifteen criminal indictments, and a federal public health state of emergency for all of Genesee County. Flint lies in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan. Flint and Genesee County can be categorized as a subregion of Flint/Tri-Cities. It is located along the Flint River, which flows through Lapeer, Genesee, and Saginaw counties and is long. According to the United States Census Bureau,
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a notice informing Flint residents of their water containing unlawful levels of trihalomethanes, a chlorine byproduct linked to cancer and other diseases. The Hurley Medical Center, in Flint, released a study in September 2015, which stated the proportion of infants and children with the high concentrations of lead in their blood had nearly doubled since the city switched its water source. Tests showed after water left Flint's treatment plant, it was lead free, but by the time it reached the tap, it sometimes had elevated levels of lead. This happened because the Flint River water was more corrosive to lead
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it was announced Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha will lead a Flint Pediatric Public Health Initiative that includes experts from the Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Hurley Children's Hospital, the Genesee County Health Department, and the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services to help Flint children diagnosed with lead poisoning. On January 5, 2016, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder declared Genesee County to be in a state of emergency. On January 6, Snyder ordered the Michigan Emergency Operations Center, operated by the Michigan State Police Emergency Management and Homeland Security Division, to open a Joint Information Center to coordinate public
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health emergency due to lead contamination in the local water supply that has affected thousands of residents, as well as an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease due to tainted water. The Saginaw Valley, particularly the vicinity of Flint, is considered by some to be the oldest continually inhabited area of Michigan. Regardless of the validity of this claim, the region was home to several Ojibwa tribes at the start of the 19th century, with a particularly significant community established near present-day Montrose. The Flint River had several convenient fords which became points of contention among rival tribes, as attested by the
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time to address this flawed law," Ananich said. He went on to say, "The people of Flint deserve the same level of safety, opportunity and justice that any other city in Michigan enjoys". On October 8, 2015, the editorial board of the "Detroit Free Press" wrote that the crisis was "an obscene failure of government" and criticized Snyder. On December 31, 2015, the editorial board of the MLive group of Michigan newspapers called upon Snyder to "drop executive privilege and release all of his communications on Flint water," establish a procedure for compensating families with children suffering from elevated lead
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Flint started adding additional orthophosphate to the water to rebuild the pipe lining. On October 8, 2015, Snyder requested that Michigan Legislators contribute $6 million of the $12 million for Flint to return to Lake Huron water. The City of Flint would pay $2 million, and the Flint-based Charles Stewart Mott Foundation would pay $4 million. Jim Ananich, the State Senator representing Flint, demanded that the state refund the $2 million to the city. Ananich also requested further emergency funding from the state and long-term funding to address the effects of the lead contamination. On September 27, 2016, Flint officials
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the issue, actress Shailene Woodley was arrested for blocking the construction of the pipeline. The debate on whether or not the pipeline will actually be built is still in progress. The water crisis in Flint, Michigan has also led activists to focus on getting clean water to the people. After the 2014 decision to make the Flint River the primary water source of the town, residents quickly noticed the quality of their water declining. The American Civil Liberties Union filed multiple lawsuits against the administration in Flint, saying that the levels of lead in the water is absurd, and demanded
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contracts to do no more than 50 homes each. Goyette was awarded $619,500 to tackle replacing lead lines at 150 Flint homes. The city is using $25 million in funding approved by the Michigan legislature in June that was allocated for replacing Flint lead tainted pipes for Fast Start's third phase which will replace infrastructure at an estimated 5,000 homes in Flint. On October 10, 2016 city council approved contracts to replace pipes at 788 more homes before winter. The third phase will be funded using a portion of $25 million approved by the Michigan Legislature in June that was
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Department would come into effect 60 days after the start of the next legislative session. In November 2015, Governor Rick Snyder declared his opposition to permitting Syrian refugee relocation to the state of Michigan. As of April 2018, Snyder's approval rating is below 40 percent. From 2011 to 2015, Snyder appointed several individuals as Emergency Managers for Flint, Michigan. In 2014, emergency manager Darnell Earley was responsible for changing the source of drinking water for the city to the Flint River, which has trihalomethanes (TTHM) in it. It was later discovered that the water was too corrosive, and leached lead
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water in the Flint River has high levels of chlorides (thought to be the result of, in part, road salt), making it highly corrosive to lead pipes. Chlorides do not pose a direct threat to fish, wildlife, or humans, but cause problems because they corrode lead and other metals in piping and plumbing. A study conducted by Virginia Tech professor Marc Edwards, a leading authority on water quality, showed that the Flint River water corrodes lead pipes at 19 times the rate of water piped from Detroit. In April 2013, reacting to years of cost increases in water purchased from
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plaintiffs. On February 8, 2016 the parents of a two-year-old girl diagnosed with high blood lead levels filed a lawsuit in federal court, naming as defendants the City of Flint, the State of Michigan, Snyder, Earley, and Walling. The case was dismissed on February 7, 2017, with the judge citing his court has a lack of subject matter jurisdiction. On March 3, 2016, a new lawsuit was filed in state court by LeeAnne Walters, the Flint mother who informed the EPA water expert Miguel Del Toral of the health problems her family experienced after the water switch, against multiple corporate
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May 4, 2016 Glasgow accepted a plea deal with prosecutors, admitting to filing false information about lead in Flint water and agreeing to cooperate in other prosecutions. Exactly a year later, the case against Glasgow was dismissed, with prosecutors acknowledging his cooperation and the fact that he was the person who reported the crimes of his colleagues to the MDEQ. On July 29, 2016, Schuette charged six additional people with crimes in the crisis, three from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and three from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. From the MDEQ, Liane Shekter-Smith was
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Coordinating Committee to "make recommendations regarding the health and welfare of people exposed to lead, study Flint's water infrastructure and determine potential upgrades, review Flint Water Task Force recommendations, and establish ways to improve communication between local and state government." On March 2, Snyder announced the state will partner with the employment agency Michigan Works! Association to hire 81 Flint residents to work at water distribution sites throughout the city. On March 21, Governor Snyder released a 75-point relief plan for addressing the crisis, which includes programs in the fields of health and human services, education, water supply and infrastructure
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the loss of lifetime income, the societal costs from lead exposure (across the United States) reach billion-dollar amounts." Dan Kildee, Democrat representing Flint in the House of Representatives, along with Republican Michigan Representative Fred Upton, sponsored H.R. 4470, the Safe Drinking Water Act Improved Compliance Awareness Act, which would ensure that the public promptly learns of excessive lead levels in their drinking water by setting forth how and when states, EPA, and public utilities communicate their findings. It has passed the House but has yet to be passed by the Senate. Among the Michigan congressional delegation, only Representative Justin Amash,
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for further funding for healthcare and education for children who will suffer the negative effects of lead exposure on behavior and educational attainment. The crisis was also the catalyst for a town hall style debate in Flint between Clinton and Democratic rival Bernie Sanders on March 6, 2016, two days before the Michigan Presidential primary election. It was hosted by CNN anchors Anderson Cooper and Don Lemon. Both candidates called for Governor Snyder to resign during the event. On January 19, 2016, then-Republican-candidate Donald Trump said, "It's a shame what's happening in Flint, Michigan. A thing like that shouldn't happen."
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study team and traveled to Flint, Michigan to perform a study that uncovered high levels of lead in potable water. The city's water source had been switched from the Detroit water system to the Flint River in 2014, exposing over 100,000 people to high lead levels and affecting up to 12,000 people with lead poisoning. Edwards' initiative inspired Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, a Flint public health advocate and pediatrician, to perform her own study on Flint’s children that found that the lead levels in their blood increased as a result of the water source switch. Edwards and Hanna-Attisha's results caused the
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homes per year through 2019. On March 7, 2017, it was reported Flint water sampled by the state in February registered below the federal threshold for lead with 90 percent of samples at or below eight parts per billion, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality says. The MDEQ said February's water tests mark the seventh straight month in which city water was below the 15 ppb level enforced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. February's testing also showed 95.8 percent of samples taken at homes at risk of high lead levels were at or below 15 ppb. The following is
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unacceptable to acceptable, delaying action. DEQ Director Dan Wyant acknowledged in October 2015 that the department had failed to follow the relevant federal regulation and had made other errors. The department also initially dismissed a researcher's reports about rising blood lead levels in Flint children. A December 2015 report by the Flint Water Advisory Task Force found that "primary responsibility" for the Flint water crisis lies with the DEQ and that the department had agency "failed in its responsibility" to ensure safe drinking water. Governor Snyder issued an apology, and DEQ director Wyant and DEQ public information officer Brad Wurfel
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state agencies; that suit alleges violations of the state constitution. In Michigan, the Court of Claims is the only court with subject-matter jurisdiction over claims against the state and its subdivisions. A new federal lawsuit filed on January 27, 2016, seeks the replacement of all lead service lines in Flint at no cost to residents following claims city and state leaders violated federal laws designed to protect drinking water. It is also asking the court to force city and state officials to provide safe drinking water to Flint residents and require them to follow federal regulations for testing and treating
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years old facing possible lead-related developmental delays from the state of Michigan. On March 17, 2017, Flint received a $100 million grant from the EPA for water infrastructure repairs. On June 30, 2017, the Genesee County Health Department's Healthy Start Program received $15 million to provide health and social services for people who have had or are at risk for lead exposure stemming from Flint water crisis. Childhood lead exposure causes a reduction in intellectual functioning and IQ, academic performance, and problem-solving skills, and an increased risk of attention deficit disorder, aggression, and hyperactivity. According to studies, children with elevated
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Flint and Pittsburgh lead crises were triggered by the misuse of chemicals to treat their water supplies. In both cases, the private water company Veolia was involved. Flint hired Veolia in 2015 to help manage the lead crises, while Pittsburgh hired Veolia in 2012 before the lead crises emerged as a serious issue. However, in both cases, the cities complained of the lead problems worsening after hiring Veolia. Michigan attorney general Bill Schuette filed a lawsuit against Veolia in 2016 for professional negligence. The Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority similarly tried to press charges, but Veolia struck back with claims
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by Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, the program director for pediatric residency at Hurley Children's Hospital, confirming that the proportion of infants and children with elevated levels of lead in their blood had nearly doubled since the city switched from the Detroit water system to using the Flint River as its water source. Using hospital records, Hanna-Attisha found that a steep rise in blood-lead levels corresponded to the city's switch in water sources. The study was initially dismissed by Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) spokesman Brad Wurfel, who repeated a familiar refrain: "Repeated testing indicated the water tested within acceptable levels."
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begin using reverse 911 to advise homebound residents on how to get help. On January 10, Mayor Weaver stressed to residents that it was important to also pick up the testing kits, as the city would like to receive at least 500 water test samples per week. On January 12, officers from the Michigan State Police and Genesee County Sheriff's Department started delivering cases of water, water filters, lead testing kits and replacement cartridges to residents who needed them. The American Red Cross has also been deployed to Flint to deliver bottled water and filters to residents. On January 14,
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levels of lead in the blood are more likely as adults to commit crimes, be imprisoned, be unemployed or underemployed, or be dependent on government services. In addition, early-life exposure to lead may increase risk of later-life neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, and this risk is likely to persist into late life long after lead has been removed from the body. A 2014 study by researchers at Risk Science Center at the University of Michigan, completed before the Flint water crisis came to light, estimated the annual cost of childhood lead exposure in Michigan at $330 million ($205 million
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Tutu, daughter of Desmond Tutu, said in a speech at the University of Michigan–Flint, "We actually needed the people of Flint to remind the people of this country what happens when political expediency, when financial concerns, overshadow justice and humanity." On January 24, actor and clean drinking water advocate Matt Damon called for Snyder's resignation. On March 7, actor Mark Ruffalo, head of the group Water Defense, visited Flint and called for more federal aid in the emergency and Snyder's resignation while saying, "It's an absolute outrage, it's a moral indecency." Water Defense conducted studies on Flint water in the
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Children choirs throughout the country have performed the song. Many of the lyrics for the piece come from Christina Rossetti's 19th-century poem, titled "Flint." Michigan native and actor Jeff Daniels directed a play called "Flint", a "heartfelt and brutally honest story of two couples struggling to endure and believe in the American dream" set in 2014, at his Purple Rose Theatre in Chelsea, Michigan. It ran from January 18 through March 10, 2018. Flint water crisis The Flint water crisis first started in 2014 when the drinking water source for the city of Flint, Michigan was changed from Lake Huron
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pipes than the previously used water source, Lake Huron. On October 16, 2015, Flint switched back to the Detroit water system for its source of water. Flint River (Michigan) The Flint River is a river in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan in the United States. The river's headwaters are in Columbiaville in Lapeer County and flows through the counties of Lapeer, Genesee, and Saginaw. The cities of Lapeer, Flint, Flushing, and Montrose are along its course. The river's name is a translation from the Ojibwe language "Biiwaanagoonh-ziibi" (Flinty River). For a time, an Indian Reservation named Pewonigowink ("Biiwaanagoonying": By the
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Flint Public Library (Flint, Michigan) The Flint Public Library is the public library serving Flint, Michigan. It was founded in 1851, and its current building on the Flint Cultural Center campus was built in 1958. It has hosted the Michigan Storytellers Festival since 1981 and the Julia A. Moore Poetry Contest (to celebrate bad poetry) since 1994. During the Flint water crisis, the library played a key role supporting the community, and in the aftermath it partnered with StoryCorps to create oral history interviews of residents' experiences. The Flint Public Library's collections document the City of Flint and Genesee County,
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Food Bank of Eastern Michigan. Platinum Equity's FlintNOW Foundation, in conjunction with Huntington Bank, started a $25 million economic development program that will loan aid money to Flint businesses affected by the water crisis. Two prisons in Northern Michigan donated 29,000 bottles of water to the Genesee Intermediate School District. The Kresge Foundation donated $2 million to the Community Foundation of Greater Flint. Tabernacle Baptist Church in Knoxville, Tennessee donated 70,000 pounds of water to Flint. The United Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ, two Flint-area Protestant denominations worked together to launch a water distribution effort. Flint Jewish
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nearby Bay City) donated $10,000 to the Community Foundation of Greater Flint, and singer Kem donated $10,000 to the Salvation Army of Genesee County. Also, rapper The Game donated $1,000,000 in water bottles to Flint, while FedEx, along with the city of Memphis, Tennessee donated 12,000 bottles of water to the Food Bank of Eastern Michigan. A group of nine banks collectively donated $600,000 to the Community Foundation of Greater Flint. Craigslist founder Craig Newmark donated $50,000 and 25,000 cases of water to the United Way of Southeastern Michigan. The Michigan State Medical Society donated $10,000 to the Community Foundation
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the Michigan Environmental Council (co-chairs) and Dr. Matthew Davis of the University of Michigan Health System, Eric Rothstein of the Galardi Rothstein Group and Dr. Lawrence Reynolds of Mott Children's Health Center in Flint. On December 29, 2015, the Task Force released its preliminary report, saying that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) bore ultimate blame for the Flint water crisis. The task force wrote that the MDEQ's Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance (ODWMA) adopted a "minimalist technical compliance approach" to water safety, which was "unacceptable and simply insufficient to the task of public protection." The task
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Detroit, the City of Flint voted to join a new water project bringing Lake Huron water directly to Flint by 2016. When the decision was announced, Detroit invoked a termination clause in the contract cutting Flint off from Detroit water in one year. Flint and Detroit negotiated to maintain the connection to the Detroit system but ultimately the decision was made to switch its water source from Detroit back to water from the Flint River. Almost immediately, residents began complaining about the water's taste and appearance, saying it was cloudy in appearance, and emitted a foul odor. The city issued
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Michael Moore documentary "Fahrenheit 11/9" about the election of Donald Trump. On June 22, 2016, "Bridge Magazine", The Center for Michigan, and Mission Point Press published a book about the crisis called "Poison on Tap". It has been described as a "riveting, authoritative account of the government blunders, mendacity and arrogance" that caused the crisis. In May 2016, it was announced that Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha was in the process of writing a "dramatic first-hand account" of the Flint Water Crisis. The book, titled, "What the Eyes Don't See: A Story of Crisis, Resistance, and Hope in an American City" was
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achieving their individual potentials. After the debate, the commentators were asked if the candidates did what they needed to do. Then Sreenivasan interviewed journalists David Brooks and Mark Shields in the postdebate coverage. The Democratic Party's seventh presidential debate ahead of the 2016 U.S. presidential election was held on March 6, 2016 at The Whiting, Flint Cultural Center, in Flint, Michigan. The city chosen was the epicenter of the ongoing Flint water crisis. Starting at 8.00 pm EST, the debate aired on CNN and was moderated by Anderson Cooper. He was joined by CNN's Don Lemon in asking questions. The
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being deposited at the Library of Congress. Additionally, Julie Hordyk argued that the library played a key role supporting the community in three ways during the water crisis: firstly, its staff engaged directly in determining what course of action to take and how to handle resources; secondly, it served as a trusted and accessible gateway to critical information for community members; and thirdly, it linked donors from outside the city with the community's local response system. The Flint Public Library preserves and provides access to collections documenting the City of Flint and Genesee County, including local African-American history and literature.
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negligence) resulted in comparatively few lawsuits being filed in the Flint case, and caused large national plaintiffs' law firms to be reluctant to become involved with the case. On January 14, 2016, a separate class-action lawsuit against Snyder, the State of Michigan, the City of Flint, Earley, Walling, and Croft was filed by three Flint residents in Michigan Circuit Court in Genesee County. This suit targets lower-level officials who (under Michigan law) do not have immunity from claims arising from gross negligence. A separate suit was filed in January 2016 in the Michigan Court of Claims against the governor and
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wrote that the crisis was "a horrific clash of race, class, politics and public health." The Michigan Civil Rights Commission later reiterated this belief in a 138-page report titled "The Flint Water Crisis: Systemic Racism Through the Lens of Flint". Its writers said of it, "Policy makers, government leaders, and decision makers at many levels failed the residents of Flint," said Agustin Arbulu, Director of the Michigan Department of Civil Rights. "By not challenging their assumptions, by not asking themselves the tough questions about how policy and decisions play out in different communities, especially communities primarily made up of people
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Borrego is a tenured faculty at the University of Michigan–Flint School of Education and Human Services. Susan E. Borrego Dr. Susan E. Borrego is the second woman and the eighth chancellor of the University of Michigan–Flint. In addition to her role as chancellor, Borrego is a tenured faculty at the University of Michigan–Flint School of Education and Human Services. Borrego was raised in Detroit and resides in Flint, Michigan. Her career has been driven by a dedication to student success that was inspired by her own ability to see what a difference higher education can make, should make, and does
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Julia A. Moore; she was known as "The Sweet Singer of Michigan" and considered "history's worst best-selling poet" by some poetry critics, according to William F. Ast III of "The Herald-Palladium". In 2015, the Flint Public Library partnered with the A Kut Above barbershop to create the Read-While-You-Wait Library, a collection of books for boys ages 4-10 to read while waiting for haircuts. In the aftermath of the Flint water crisis, the library partnered with StoryCorps to create oral history interviews of residents' experiences, starting in 2016; this built off a previous, pre-water crisis partnership and resulted in interview recordings
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2015 press conference she urged residents, particularly children, to stop drinking the water, to end Flint River as a water source as soon as possible and urged the City of Flint to issue a health advisory. A day after Dr. Hanna-Attisha released her study, Flint issued a health advisory advising residents, particularly children, to minimize exposure to Flint tap water. The water source was switched back to the Detroit River on 16 October 2015. Later, the City of Flint, the State of Michigan and the United States made emergency declarations. Dr. Hanna-Attisha's research was initially ridiculed by the State of
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and policy documents. Beginning in 2006 through 2017, a series of reports on migrant and seasonal farmworkers were completed. In January 2013, the Department issued the Report on LGBT Inclusion Under Michigan Law for the Commission to review. In 2014, the department blocked the Twitter account then being used by Barack Obama from following its own Twitter account. In February 2017, the Commission and Department issued The Flint Water Crisis: Systemic Racism Through the Lens of Flint on the contamination of the drinking water in Flint, Michigan and its impact on the civil rights of residents. The Report reviewed the
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way we govern ourselves as Americans, something that nobody else has done") and said, "The kids of Flint, Michigan have been poisoned by a policy decision." Maddow visited Flint and hosted a town hall with government officials and other involved experts on her show on January 27. On October 5, 2017, Maddow won an Emmy Award for the special. In January 2016, the watchdog group Common Cause called upon Snyder to release all documents related to the Flint water crisis. The governor's office is not subject to the Michigan Freedom of Information Act. The hacktivist group Anonymous released a YouTube
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the state of Michigan and Governor Snyder, seeking compensation for property damages, pain and suffering damages, emotional distress damages and medical monitoring for Flint residents and businesses. On June 22, 2016, the Michigan Attorney General's Office filed a civil suit against engineering firms Veolia North America and Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam (LAN) who were hired to consult Flint water plant officials after the switch to the Flint River in April 2015. The lawsuit accuses Veolia and LAN of professional negligence and public nuisance. Veolia is also accused of fraud. Veolia called the accusations "baseless, entirely unfounded and [appearing] to be
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Water Act, which prevents challenges to the law being ruled on in U.S. District Court and states they must be addressed by the Environmental Protection Agency, and the case should be re-filed in the Michigan Court of Claims. Also on February 2, a lawsuit was filed in Michigan Circuit Court on behalf of four Genesee County residents who contracted Legionnaires' disease during the Flint water crisis, including one woman who died seven days after entering the emergency room with a headache. The suit names McLaren Regional Medical Center and several Michigan DEQ officials as defendants. Lawyer Geoffrey Fieger represents the
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testing positive for the Legionella antigen." The family of one of the people who died of Legionnaires has filed a $100 million lawsuit against McLaren. "The Flint Journal" obtained documents via the Michigan Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) on the Legionnaires' outbreak and published an article on them on January 16, 2016. The documents indicated that on October 17, 2014, employees of the Genesee County Health Department and the Flint water treatment plant met to discuss the county's "concerns regarding the increase in Legionella cases and possible association with the municipal water system." By early October 2014, the Michigan DEQ
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election, against Republican nominee Donald Trump. On March 6, 2016 the Democratic Party held a seventh presidential debate at The Whiting at the Flint Cultural Center. Flint, Michigan was chosen as the epicenter of the ongoing Flint water crisis. The debate was hosted by Anderson Cooper and aired on CNN. Participants were Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. At the end of the debate, Cooper announced a labor union fund had committed $25 million in low-interest loans towards repairing the water system. Next day, on March 7, 2016, a Town Hall event, was held as the eighth democratic forum. It started
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to the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department. This vote was motivated by residential complaints and recommendations from Veolia North America to prevent the city from further violating the Safe Drinking Water Act. Jerry Ambrose, Flint's emergency manager and financial supervisor, disagreed with the reintroduction of the Detroit water source. Ambrose argued, "Flint water today is safe by all Environmental Protection Agency and Michigan Department of Environmental Quality standards, and the city is working daily to improve its quality." On March 2, 2016, Michigan declared that returning to the Detroit water system must be approved by the State. When approved, the
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Flushing, Michigan Flushing is a city in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 8,389 at the 2010 census. Flushing is considered a suburb of Flint. It is situated within the survey area of Flushing Charter Township, but is administratively autonomous. Flushing originated as a mill town in the mid-1830s. Its location along the Flint River, the county’s largest river, was a decisive factor in its settlement. Water power potential was a significant determinant for the selection of the settlement areas throughout the nineteenth century. In addition to its water power, the area around Flushing was
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from Ohio State University donated 10,000 pounds of water to Flint's Catholic Charities USA. Amtrak donated 30,000 bottles of water to Flint. Consumers Energy, the area's gas and electricity provider, has donated $50,000 during the crisis ($25,000 to the Community Foundation of Greater Flint and $25,000 to the United Way of Genesee County), and its employees are delivering water to Flint homes. It is also matching donations from employees and retirees, up to $25,000. The Michigan Masonic Charitable Foundation donated $100,000 to the Community Foundation of Greater Flint. The Dr Pepper Snapple Group donated 41,000 bottles of water to the
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of Flint and how the data differs among neighboring cites in Michigan. Data shows that after the city switched the water source to the Flint River, fetal deaths rose 58% among women aged 15–49 compared to control areas. The crisis highlighted a lack of transparency in Michigan government; the state is one of just two states that exempts the governor's office from state freedom-of-information legislation. A number of commentators framed the crisis in terms of human rights, writing that authorities' handling of the issue denied residents their right to clean water. Some have framed it as the end result of
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cost every person in Flint $10,000 each to cover the unfunded legacy costs of the city's public employees." "Flint was a government-made disaster from top to bottom. Private companies didn't run the system or profit from it," Shikha Dalmia wrote in "Reason Magazine". The crisis brought the National Water Infrastructure Conference to Flint in early March 2017. Michigan Governor Rick Snyder and Flint Mayor Karen Weaver spoke on the first day. Dr. Marc Edwards spoke there two days later. On April 20, 2017 Stephen Estes-Smargiassi, director of planning and sustainability at the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, told a forum on
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On June 14, 2017, Schuette announced new involuntary manslaughter charges—15-year felonies—against Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Director Nick Lyon, former Flint emergency manager Darnell Earley, former Flint Department of Public Works director Howard Croft, former Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Office of Drinking Water chief Liane Shekter-Smith and DEQ District Supervisor Stephen Busch. Also charged was Dr. Eden Wells, chief medical executive of DHHS, who faces allegations of obstruction of justice and lying to a police officer. Lyon was also charged with a single count of misconduct in office after being accused of having received notice of the
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Karegnondi Water Authority Karegnondi Water Authority (KWA) is a municipal corporation responsible for distributing water services in the Mid-Michigan and Thumb areas of the U.S. state of Michigan. Members of the authority are the cities of Flint and Lapeer, and the counties of Genesee, Lapeer and Sanilac. Karegnondi is a word from the Petan Indian language meaning "lake" and another early name for Lake Huron. Flint built its first water treatment plant (now defunct) in 1917. The city built a second plant in 1952. At the time of Flint's population peak and economic height (when the city was the center
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been further efforts to improve water quality using new technology which allows water to be disinfected immediately upon collection and during the storage process. Clean water is necessary for cooking, cleaning, and laundry because many people come into contact with disease causing pathogens through their food, or while bathing or washing. An ongoing issue of contaminated water in the United States has been taking place in Flint, Michigan. On September 4, 2018, evidence of E Coli and other organisms that can cause disease were found in the water. The issue of contaminated water in Flint, Michigan started when the source
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executive order creating a new committee to "work on long-term solutions to the Flint water situation and ongoing public health concerns affecting residents." On January 13, Snyder activated the Michigan Army National Guard to assist the American Red Cross, starting the next day, with thirty soldiers planned to be in Flint by January 15. The National Guard doubled their number of soldiers deployed to Flint by January 18. On January 19, Snyder ordered more soldiers to Flint by the next day, for a total of 200. On January 27, Snyder announced the establishment of the new 17-member Flint Water Interagency
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Flint, Michigan auto industry Flint, Michigan is a city which previously relied on its auto industry, and still does to an extent. Over the past several decades, General Motors plants in Genesee County have experienced re-namings, management shifts, openings, closures, reopenings, and spinoffs. General Motors traces its roots to the Durant-Dort Carriage Company of Flint named after William C. Durant and Josiah Dallas Dort, and purchased the original Durant-Dort factory (built in 1880 as a woolen mill) on Water Street in May 2013 (and the Durant-Dort office, a National Historic Landmark across the street, as well). The company will take
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of Republican leadership in the state of Michigan would be justified. During its winter 2016 semester, the University of Michigan–Flint offered a one-credit, eight-session series of public forums dedicated to educating Flint residents and students on the crisis. The University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) committed to spending $100,000 to research the crisis and possible ways to address it. Wayne State University in Detroit is leading a separate study with five other schools focusing on the Legionnaires' outbreak called the Flint Area Community Health and Environment Partnership. On October 9, 2017 they released their preliminary analysis, which showed approximately 10 percent
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telethon led by Detroit TV station WDIV and simulcast on Michigan's other NBC affiliates raised $566,982 for the Community Foundation of Greater Flint. Detroit Pistons owner and Flint native Tom Gores matched the amount, doubling the amount raised to $1,133,964. A benefit concert to support children affected by the crisis presented by Flint country music station Nash FM 95.1 featuring Granger Smith and Tegan Marie was held at the Dort Federal Center in Flint on April 7, with the proceeds going to Hurley's Children Hospital. A charity celebrity basketball game called Hoop 4 Water featuring former Michigan State Spartans players
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of Davison, Flushing, Genesee, Montrose, Richfield, Thetford and Vienna. The southern group started receiving water from the KWA and Genesee Water on December 15, 2017. The southern group consists of the cities of Burton and Swartz Creek and the townships of Clayton, Flint, Gaines, Mundy and Grand Blanc. Karegnondi Water Authority Karegnondi Water Authority (KWA) is a municipal corporation responsible for distributing water services in the Mid-Michigan and Thumb areas of the U.S. state of Michigan. Members of the authority are the cities of Flint and Lapeer, and the counties of Genesee, Lapeer and Sanilac. Karegnondi is a word from
Karegnondi Water Authority
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Flint (film) Flint is a 2017 television drama film based on the Flint water crisis in Flint, Michigan. Directed by Bruce Beresford, it premiered on Lifetime on October 28, 2017. The film stars Queen Latifah, Betsy Brandt, Jill Scott, and Marin Ireland. The film or its cast have been nominated for three Image Awards, a Critics' Choice Television Award and a Primetime Emmy Award. In January 2017, the singer and actress Cher announced plans to produce and star in a film about a fictional Flint woman dealing with the water crisis and how it affects her family. Cher dropped out
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infrastructure plan. Trump's infrastructure plan proposes $1 trillion in spending on new infrastructure by offering corporations who invest in infrastructure projects tax credits, with the corporations investing approximately $167 billion. This plan would require a return of 9–10% to investors to remain feasible. This plan has no direct reference to or specific proposal for the crisis in Flint and as of his election he has not proposed a direct federal intervention. On January 4, 2016, citing the Flint water crisis, Michigan Representative Phil Phelps, Democrat of Flushing, announced plans to introduce a bill to the Michigan House of Representatives that
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Michigan and south to Pontiac, Michigan, Southfield, Michigan and Detroit, and runs services west to Chicago. Greyhound Lines also provides inter-state services. MTA's main hub is in Downtown Flint, while the Indian Trails/Greyhound Lines station is co-located at the Flint Amtrak station on Dort Highway, just north of I-69. Amtrak provides intercity passenger rail service on the "Blue Water" line from Chicago to Port Huron at the border to Canada. The Amtrak station is located on Dort Highway, just north of I-69 Canadian National Railway and CSX Transportation provide freight services to the city. Lake State Railway also runs freights
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an eight-year term on the Michigan Economic Development Corporation's executive committee. Mayor Weaver was also appointed to Governor Snyder's Flint Water Interagency Coordinating Committee which is attempting to alleviate the problems caused during the Flint water crisis. Mayor Weaver endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election and briefly spoke about the water crisis at that year's Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia. On March 15, 2017, Mayor Weaver met President Donald Trump to discuss funding for infrastructure and public safety for Flint and met with officials at the White House for further discussion of Flint's water infrastructure later that year.
Karen Weaver
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Susan E. Borrego Dr. Susan E. Borrego is the second woman and the eighth chancellor of the University of Michigan–Flint. In addition to her role as chancellor, Borrego is a tenured faculty at the University of Michigan–Flint School of Education and Human Services. Borrego was raised in Detroit and resides in Flint, Michigan. Her career has been driven by a dedication to student success that was inspired by her own ability to see what a difference higher education can make, should make, and does make in students’ lives. Borrego received her Bachelor of Arts in speech and communication from Northwest
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Flint Southwestern Academy Flint Southwestern Academy (FSA, Southwestern Academy, or Flint Southwestern) is located in Flint, Michigan, United States. This school is a part of the Flint Community Schools. In 1989 Flint Academy High School closed and the school merged with Southwestern to become Flint Southwestern Academy. During the first year of the merger, the graduating class could choose what school was listed on their diploma: "Flint Academy", "Southwestern", or "Flint Southwestern Academy". The 2009 closing of Flint Central High School sent many former Flint Central High School students to Southwestern and led to the reopening of McKinley Middle School,
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deal added 98 new retail outlets for four to six products with two, hot dogs and bologna, being the core products. A few years before 2016, Koegel was selling nationwide by mail order as far away as Alaska. Keogel Meats was given the 2015 Al Kessel Outstanding Achievement Award by the Michigan Grocers Association. In January 2016, Koegel had to answer multiple inquires, in regards to the Flint water crisis and their water supply, that their plant is not connect to the Flint City water system, but the county run system via Flint Township. Built in 1972, the current factory
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panel and the Flint Water Interagency Coordinating Committee," said Gov. Rick Snyder spokeswoman Anna Heaton. "The Governor takes the reporting of each of these panels very seriously, and appreciates the public input that was shared." The findings were no surprise for State Senate Minority Leader Jim Ananich. "The presence of racial bias in the Flint water crisis isn't much of a surprise to those of us who live here, but the Michigan Civil Rights Commission's affirmation that the emergency manager law disproportionately hurts communities of color is an important reminder of just how bad the policy is. Now is the
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first year of football, he was selected as an all-state guard and led Flint Central to the state championship. After graduating from Flint Central, Coleman enrolled at Michigan State University, then known as Michigan State College. He played principally at the tackle position for Biggie Munn's Michigan State Spartans from 1949 to 1951. At 178 pounds, he was the lightest player on the 1949 Michigan State football team. Coleman made up for what he lacked in size with quickness and intensity. Long-time Michigan State sports information director Fred Stabley in 1972 named Coleman as one of the two best players
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Office Building (CROB), later named David M. French Hall, and the Central Energy Plant. CROB included a library and theatre. In 1979, the original Harrison Street Halo Burger location was vacated to make way for University of Michigan–Flint parking. While, the Harding Mott University Center (UCen) was finished that same year and the Recreation Center in 1982. William S. Murchie Science Building was completed in 1988. In 1991, UM-Flint took over ownership of the Water Street Pavilion as the University Pavilion keeping restaurants there while moving in administrative offices. The library moved to its own building in 1994 with the
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in the summer of 2018. The Flint Police Department (and the Flint water crisis) is also the subject of the eight-part 2018 Netflix documentary "Flint Town", which was recorded in 2016. The following statistics are derived from the annual Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports. Flint has been consistently ranked as one of the most dangerous cities in the United States by multiple sources. From 2007 to 2009, violent crime in Flint was ranked in the top five among U.S. cities with a population of at least 50,000 people. From 2010 to 2012, Flint ranked as the city
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Republican of Cascade Township, opposed federal aid for Flint. Amash opined that "the U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to intervene in an intrastate matter like this one." In December 2016, President Barack Obama signed Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016 (co-sponsored by Debbie Stabenow in the Senate) which earmarked $170 million to address the Flint water crisis. The first $100 million was released in March 2017, by the US Environmental Protection Agency after President Trump had taken office. President Donald Trump's plan to fix the crisis in Michigan has been folded into his federal
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and, even as the scientific testing was hinting at a larger problem, were reluctant to acknowledge it." Later that month in a class action lawsuit related to the crisis, Snyder and the MDEQ were served subpoenas for the release of additional emails dating back to the beginning of 2011. Emails highlighted by Progress Michigan in January 2016 indicate that Michigan state officials were trucking in bottled water to some of their own employees stationed in Flint as early as January 2015 in regards to the unsafe levels of trihalomethanes, or THMs, a by-product of chlorine that had been added to
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markets can be received over the air. Scheduled airline service is offered from Lansing Capital Region International Airport. Airline service is also available from MBS International Airport near Midland, Michigan and Flint Bishop International Airport. Other portions are proximate to Gerald R. Ford International Airport, east of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport near Kalamazoo, Michigan. Passenger rail is provided by Amtrak and has stations in East Lansing, Durand, Flint, Lapeer, and Port Huron on its Blue Water line. Major trunkline routes throughout the Mid-Michigan area: More comprehensive lists are available at individual cities, villages, etc. Central Michigan
Central Michigan
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City of Flint, the State of Michigan and the United States to declare a state of emergency. In early 2016, Dr. Edwards testified twice before the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on the crisis, and was appointed to Michigan Governor Rick Snyder's "Flint Water Interagency Coordinating Committee," to alleviate problems related to the water crisis. In 2016, Edwards gave an interview to "The Chronicle of Higher Education" arguing for scientists to work in the public interest. Marc Edwards (civil engineering professor) Marc Edwards (born 1964) is a civil engineering/environmental engineer and the Charles P. Lunsford Professor
Marc Edwards (civil engineering professor)
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Federation worked in partnership with the American Red Cross to help get clean water to homes. In January 2016, Muslim organizations, including Who is Hussain, Life for Relief and Development, Islamic Relief USA, and the Michigan Muslim Community Council donated and distributed thousands of bottles of water to Flint-area residents. By May, Michigan's Muslim community had donated more than one million bottles of water to Flint-area residents. Comedians George Lopez, Eddie Griffin, Cedric the Entertainer, Charlie Murphy, and D. L. Hughley performed stand up comedy in Flint's Dort Federal Credit Union Event Center as part of The Comedy Get Down
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Columbiaville, Michigan Columbiaville is a village in Lapeer County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 787 at the 2010 census. The village is within Marathon Township on the Flint River. The first settler on the site of the village was Levi D. Cutting, a carpenter and cabinet maker by trade, who arrived with his family in 1847. His home in Columbiaville is still standing at the south corner of Water and Lapeer Streets. In 1848, George and Henry Niver built a saw mill on the banks of the Flint River and the place became known as "Niverville".
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lake include Crossroads Village (home of the Huckleberry Railroad), Stepping Stone Falls, and the riverboat "Genesee Belle". The next dam is the Utah Dam. A largely steel dam, it was completed in 1928 to prevent industrial discharges from entering the drinking water supply downstream. The gates have since been locked in the open position so that it no longer impedes the flow of the river. The Hamilton Dam exists downstream at the University of Michigan–Flint campus in downtown Flint. Constructed in 1920, it once also served as a pedestrian bridge, but is now in severe disrepair. Because of its dilapidation,
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Spaulding Township, Michigan Spaulding Township is a civil township of Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,399 at the 2000 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (2.96%) is water. The township's northwestern boundary follows the Shiawassee River, and its tributaries the Flint and Cass rivers flow through the township. The mouth of Misteguay Creek, a Flint River tributary, is located in the southern part of the township. Albert Miller was the first settler of Spaulding Township. He moved to the
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Lapeer Township, Michigan Lapeer Township is a civil township of Lapeer County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,078 at the 2000 census. The name is an Americanization of the French "la pierre", which means 'flint' or 'flint stone'. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (0.99%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,078 people, 1,765 households, and 1,457 families residing in the township. The population density was 158.7 per square mile (61.3/km²). There were 1,831 housing units at an
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complaining about the color, taste, and odor of their water. In August and September 2014, city officials detected levels of coliform bacteria, so residents were advised to boil their water. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality determined that cold weather, aging pipes, and a population decline were the cause of this bacteria. According to Stephen Busch, a DEQ district supervisor, the city took appropriate measures to limit a recurrence. General Motors (GM) made the first complaint about the corrosivity of the water. GM stopped using Flint water in October 2014, after reporting that the water was corroding car parts. General
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Flint, Michigan Flint is the largest city and seat of Genesee County, Michigan, United States. Located along the Flint River, northwest of Detroit, it is a principal city within the region known as Mid Michigan. According to the 2010 census, Flint has a population of 102,434, making it the seventh largest city in Michigan. The Flint metropolitan area is located entirely within Genesee County. It is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Michigan with a population of 425,790 in 2010. The city was incorporated in 1855. Flint was founded as a village by fur trader Jacob Smith in 1819 and
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below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over. Spaulding Township, Michigan Spaulding Township is a civil township of Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,399 at the 2000 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (2.96%) is water. The township's northwestern boundary follows the Shiawassee River, and its tributaries the Flint and Cass rivers flow through the township. The mouth of Misteguay Creek, a Flint River tributary, is located in
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which relieved potential overcrowding at Southwestern. Flint Southwestern Academy now serves grades 7–12. Flint Southwestern Academy is a state and nationally accredited school through the AdvancED/North Central Accreditation of Colleges and Schools. Flint Southwestern Academy School Profile 2012/2013 None Flint Southwestern Academy Flint Southwestern Academy (FSA, Southwestern Academy, or Flint Southwestern) is located in Flint, Michigan, United States. This school is a part of the Flint Community Schools. In 1989 Flint Academy High School closed and the school merged with Southwestern to become Flint Southwestern Academy. During the first year of the merger, the graduating class could choose what school
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Flint's role in the transformation of the U.S. manufacturing industry. Walling also led the Maker Mayors effort which led to the first-ever Maker Faire at the White House with President Obama. In late 2014, Walling became an instructor at the University of Michigan-Flint for its fall semester teaching POL 324: Seminar in Applied Politics – Institutional & Leadership Practices. In 2014, the City of Flint began undertaking a water supply switch-over from Lake Huron to the Flint River. After the switch was made, residents immediately complained about the smell, taste, and color of the water, as well as skin problems
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charities including the Ms. Molly Foundation in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The foundation works with victims of domestic violence and Quin has attended charity events and assisted in raising funds for the organization. He also made a donation to help people effected by Hurricane Harvey. He pledged to donate $5,000 for an interception and $100 for a tackle during the 2017 season. Based on his statistics for 2017, his donation totaled $38,400. In 2016, Quin worked with other teammates to donate 36,000 bottles of water to the residents of Flint, Michigan during the Flint water crisis. He also has worked closely
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into drinking water" and "did not publicize its concern that Flint residents' health was jeopardized by the state's insistence that such controls were not required by law". In 2015, EPA water expert Miguel A. Del Toral "identified potential problems with Flint's drinking water in February, confirmed the suspicions in April and summarized the looming problem" in an internal memo circulated on June 24, 2015. Despite these "dire warnings" from Del Toral, the memo was not publicly released until November 2015, after a revision and vetting process. In the interim, the EPA and the Michigan DEQ engaged in a dispute on
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and final phase should be finished by July 2019. In total, the creation of Chevy Commons is expected to cost approximately $17.3 million, and it is part of a broader, $36.8-million project to change the landscape of the Flint River in Downtown Flint. Between downtown and Kettering University along the Flint River in Flint, Michigan, what is now Chevy Commons was the site of a sawmill and a paper mill before becoming the home of Flint Wagon Works in the 1880s. It is better known as the site of a former Chevrolet factory called Chevrolet Flint Manufacturing but widely known
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Karen Weaver Karen Williams Weaver is an American politician, clinical psychologist, and small business owner who has been the mayor of Flint, Michigan since November 9, 2015. She succeeded Dayne Walling, whom she defeated in a November 2015 election. She is the first female mayor of the city. Weaver is a member of the Democratic Party, although local offices in Flint are officially nonpartisan. She is also a member of the United States Conference of Mayors, the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, and Governor Rick Snyder's Flint Water Interagency Coordinating Committee. In her short time as mayor, Weaver has twice visited
Karen Weaver
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public health state of emergency to prompt help from state and federal officials. Snyder apologized for the incident. Snyder declared a State of Emergency on January 5, 2016 for Genesee County, Michigan. On January 16, 2016, Snyder requested that the federal government declare a state of emergency in Flint. In mid-April 2016, Snyder initiated his own 30-Day Flint Challenge. "The plan was to drink solely Flint tap water for an entire month to show residents that the water was safe and that he cared about the people." However, the Detroit Metro Times reported that the governor left town on April
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Eric Scorsone, an expert in local government finances from Michigan State University, and Flint Mayor Karen Weaver testified. On April 13, 2016, the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy and Energy Subcommittee on Health held a joint hearing on the crisis in which Keith Creagh of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Nick Lyon from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, and Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha of Hurley Medical Center testified. On February 23, 2016, the Michigan State Legislature started a committee to investigate the crisis. On March 1, one of its members, Senator Jim
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appointed Darnell Earley as Roberts' successor. Earley resigned in February 2016 in the wake of criticism of his decision, when he was Emergency Manager over Flint, Michigan, to switch that city's water supply to the Flint River, resulting in the Flint water crisis. As of March 2016, financial matters are under the control of a Transition Manager appointed by Governor Snyder, retired bankruptcy judge Steven Rhodes. On February 9, 2012, Emergency Financial Manager Roy Roberts announced the following school closings: 1. Burton Elementary School: Students will be reassigned to the new $21.8-million Mackenzie PK-8 School building on the old Mackenzie
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Swartz Creek, Michigan Swartz Creek is a city in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 5,758 at the 2010 census. The city is a suburb of Flint and has incorporated land formerly within Flint Charter Township, Gaines Township, and Clayton Township, but is administratively autonomous from all three. The Indians travel the trail that paralleled the Swartz Creek to reach the maple trees on what would later be the Crapo Farm and to fish, fruit gathering and hunting while the trail terminated in the Lansing area. The Miller Settlement, and future core Swartz Creek community,
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of the Arrow Conference (NOAC) held at Michigan State University and has won the NOAC Spirit Award 3 times, and the National Service award twice. It was also the home lodge of the 2008 national vice chief Ben Stilwill. Gabe has a strong record of achieving the Quality Lodge distinction. Water and Woods Field Service Council Water and Woods Field Service Council is a field service council of the Michigan Crossroads Council that serves youth in the central and northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The Council is headquartered in Flint, Michigan with service centers located in Auburn, Lansing, and Port
Water and Woods Field Service Council