where did our founding fathers write the constitution
Philadelphia
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active clergyman to sign the Declaration. He also signed the Articles of Confederation and attended the New Jersey (1787) convention that ratified the Federal Constitution. The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the British Parliament. The U.S. adopted the Articles of Confederation, a declaration that established a national government with a one-house legislature. Its ratification by all thirteen colonies gave the second Congress a new name: the Congress of the Confederation, which met from 1781 to 1789. The Constitutional Convention took place during the summer of 1787, in Philadelphia. Although the
Founding Fathers of the United States
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Carpenters' Hall" (where the Declaration of Independence had been signed) to set up the first formal college of pharmacy and first pharmacists' association (the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy) in North America the seminal founding event. On March 13, 1821, "Sixty-eight pharmacists signed the Constitution of the first pharmaceutical association in the United States," with the symbolism of the Carpenters' Hall backdrop undeniable: American pharmacy would have a constitution, following in the footsteps of the founding fathers and their constitutional framework. The PCP constitution included a strict code of ethics that would expel anyone from the college who "adulterated" medications or
History of pharmacy in the United States
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James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States. Born near St Andrews, Scotland, Wilson immigrated to Philadelphia in 1766, becoming a teacher at the College
James Wilson
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Read. Read's final surviving letter to Franklin is dated October 29, 1773. Thereafter, she stopped corresponding with her husband. Franklin continued to write to Read, inquiring as to why her letters had ceased, but still did not return home. On December 14, 1774, Read suffered a final stroke and died on December 19. She was buried at Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. Franklin was buried next to her upon his death in 1790. Deborah Read Deborah Read Franklin (c. 1708 – December 19, 1774) was the common-law spouse of inventor, printer, thinker, revolutionary and one of the Founding Fathers
Deborah Read
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States) which took place at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia, now the Independence Hall. The oldest person signing the Constitution was Benjamin Franklin, one of the founding fathers, being 81 years old at the time and requesting assistance during the process, whereas the youngest one was Jonathan Dayton from New Jersey, being only 26 years old. James Madison and George Washington were the only two signers that later became Presidents of the United States. Perhaps the first fascinating fact about the U.S. Constitution is its length, containing only 4.400 words and thus being the shortest and oldest written Constitution
Constitutional right
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Walker of "substituting his views for those of the American people and of our Founding Fathers who I promise you would be shocked by courts that imagine they have the right to put gay marriage in our Constitution". Brian Brown, president of NOM, complained of the "biased way [Walker] conducted the trial." Some critics have characterized the ruling as judicial activism. The American Family Association called for Walker's impeachment. The State of California did not appeal the decision. However, the defendant-intervenors (including the official proponents of Proposition 8) did challenge it. "(Subsequent to the appeal ruling, the Supreme Court eventually
Hollingsworth v. Perry
4811429
brought about extensive changes to the letter and spirit of the Constitution, is one of the lasting legacies of the Emergency. In the conclusion of his "Making of India's Constitution", Justice Khanna writes: If the Indian constitution is our heritage bequeathed to us by our founding fathers, no less are we, the people of India, the trustees and custodians of the values which pulsate within its provisions! A constitution is not a parchment of paper, it is a way of life and has to be lived up to. Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty and in the final analysis,
The Emergency (India)
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the broadcast to the 2000 Peter Jennings-hosted ABC News documentary, "The Search for Jesus", contending the program "achieved more journalistic success than Jennings at one point" by providing a broader cross-section of experts. Many of his public messages focused on American history and the faith of the Founding Fathers of the United States in relation to a Christian worldview. For instance, Kennedy cited John Quincy Adams' claim that Christianity is "indissolubly linked" to the founding of America. Kennedy wrote the foreword to the 1987 book '"Christianity and the Constitution: The Faith of Our Founding Fathers" authored by law professor John
D. James Kennedy
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He also wrote an autobiography, "Neither Roses nor Thorns", (Lucknow, 1985). In the conclusion of his "Making of India's constitution", he writes: If the Indian constitution is our heritage bequeathed to us by our founding fathers, no less are we, the people of India, the trustees and custodians of the values which pulsate within its provisions! A constitution is not a parchment of paper, it is a way of life and has to be lived up to. Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty and in the final analysis, its only keepers are the people. Imbecility of men, history teaches
Hans Raj Khanna
106057
Chron-o-Johns breaks down in operation. Laverne is sent 200 years in the future, where humanity has been enslaved and Purple Tentacle rules the world from the Edison mansion, while Hoagie is dropped 200 years in the past, where the motel is being used by the Founding Fathers as a retreat to write the United States Constitution. Bernard is returned to the present. To salvage Dr. Fred's plan, Bernard must acquire a replacement diamond for the time machine, while both Hoagie and Laverne must restore power to their respective Chron-o-John pods by plugging them in. To overcome the lack of electricity
Day of the Tentacle
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and Wythe) married more than once. George Washington, "The Father of our Country," had no biological descendants. The National Archives and Records Administration also known as NARA, defines U.S. Founding Documents, or Charters of Freedom, as the Declaration of Independence (1776), The Constitution (1787) and the Bill of Rights (1791). These original instruments which represent the philosophy of the United States are housed in Washington, D.C. in the NARA Rotunda. The Library of Congress further identifies the Articles of Confederation, also preserved at NARA, as a primary U.S. document. The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the
Founding Fathers of the United States
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will win our freedom because the sacred heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God are embodied in our echoing demands ... when these disinherited children of God sat down at lunch counters they were in reality standing up for what is best in the American dream and for the most sacred values in our Judeo-Christian heritage, thereby bringing our nation back to those great wells of democracy which were dug deep by the Founding Fathers in their formulation of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. The concept of the American Dream has been used in popular
American Dream
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to the committee supporting North Carolina's Amendment 1, a 2012 referendum which would alter the state's constitution to forbid marriage and all other recognition for same-sex couples. On August 3, 2011, NOM unveiled a pledge for 2012 Republican presidential candidates. Signers pledge that they will support a federal marriage amendment, appoint federal judges who are originalists and thus "reject the idea our Founding Fathers inserted a right to gay marriage in our Constitution", defend the Defense of Marriage Act in court, "establish a presidential commission on religious liberty to investigate and document reports of Americans who have been harassed or
National Organization for Marriage
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Journal (cite: (1971) 2 SCC (Jour) 11) in 1971, stated that the 24th and 25th Amendments were not "tinkering" with the Constitution, but "a veritable slaughter of the Constitution". He felt that the 25th Amendment "smacks of totalitarianism and hurry to achieve socialism instantly overnight". Ramamchandran further stated that the amendments lowered the prestige of the legislature as well as the Judiciary. Supporting the Fundamental Rights, Ramamchandran wrote, "When our founding fathers forged this Constitution they were well aware of the social and economic urges in the country. But they were anxious that the progress must be gradual and stable
Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India
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the Advancement of Colored People.. As of 2007, however, Tancredo boasted a 97.8% rating from the American Conservative Union. In a speech given at a campaign event for Colorado Senate candidate Ken Buck on July 8, 2010, Tancredo said of President Barack Obama, "... the greatest threat to the United States today, the greatest threat to our liberty, the greatest threat to the Constitution of the United States, the greatest threat to our way of life; everything we believe in. The greatest threat to the country that our founding fathers put together is the man that's sitting in the White
Tom Tancredo
4918195
the Court agreed to consider a petition by the Schindlers parents to have a new hearing to decide whether the feeding tube should be reinserted. Later that day, the court denied the petition. Judge Stanley F. Birch Jr., a 1990 George H. W. Bush appointee, in a concurring opinion, rebuked President Bush and Congress: "In resolving the Schiavo controversy, it is my judgment that, despite sincere and altruistic motivation, the legislative and executive branches of our government have acted in a manner demonstrably at odds with our Founding Fathers' blueprint for the governance of a free people - our Constitution."
Government involvement in the Terri Schiavo case
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aspirations. He perceived the Constitution as a “living Constitution,” capable in his mind of becoming something other than the Founding Fathers intended. Croly’s alternative to interpreting the Constitution as “living” was to eliminate it and start over, or at least substantially alter it. The basis for his argument was the belief that for progressive democracy to be successful it needed to move quickly, and the Constitution did not accommodate that. Reforms were needed that could not wait for the approval of Congress or state legislatures. In "Progressive Democracy", Croly expressed hope that reformers in 1915 were different enough from reformers
Herbert Croly
17518264
that hurts innovation and hurts the consumer. It is a system that picks winners and losers. . ." The report describes numerous areas of innovation, both in technology and new content creation, that have been stifled through excessive copyright. The RSC report concluded with: To be clear, there is a legitimate purpose to copyright. .. Copyright ensures that there is sufficient incentive for content producers to develop content, but there is a steep cost to our unusually long copyright period that Congress has now created. Our Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution with explicit instructions on this matter for a limited
Derek Khanna
4818071
now exists in the Confederate States," must exist; and restores the "3/5ths provision" for allocating Representatives and direct taxes. In his inaugural address, Jefferson Davis said: "We have changed the constituent parts but not the system of government. The Constitution framed by our fathers is that of these Confederate States" and that it differed "only from that of our fathers insofar as it is explanatory of their well-known intent…" Some scholars agree with Davis that the Provisional Constitution sought to clarify many of the ambiguities of the original Constitution. The language of the constitution leads most historians to view the
Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States
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in Politics" series at The Carnegie Council, The Renaissance Weekend, and numerous religious, policy and media conferences. Waldman is the author of the New York Times bestselling book "Founding Faith: How Our Founding Fathers Forged a Radical New Approach to Religious Liberty" and is a columnist covering spirituality and politics for "The Wall Street Journal Online." "Founding Faith: Providence, Politics, and the Birth of Religious Freedom in America" was published in hardback in March 2008 and in paperback in March 2009 with the revised title "Founding Faith: How Our Founding Fathers Forged a Radical New Approach to Religious Liberty". He
Steven Waldman
434539
nation's founding principles. He famously expressed this belief in the opening sentence of his 1863 Gettysburg Address: "Four score and seven years ago [i.e. in 1776] our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." Lincoln's view of the Declaration became influential, seeing it as a moral guide to interpreting the Constitution. "For most people now," wrote Garry Wills in 1992, "the Declaration means what Lincoln told us it means, as a way of correcting the Constitution itself without overthrowing it." Admirers of Lincoln such
United States Declaration of Independence
2840401
United States until its replacement by the present Constitution on March 4, 1789. Signatories of the Continental Association (CA), Declaration of Independence (DI), Articles of Confederation (AC), and the United States Constitution (USC)): Subsequent events in the lives of the Founding Fathers after the adoption of the Constitution were characterized by success or failure, reflecting the abilities of these men as well as the vagaries of fate. Washington, Adams, Jefferson and Madison served in highest U.S. office of President. Jay would be appointed as Chief Justice of the United States and later elected to two terms as Governor of New
Founding Fathers of the United States
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launch in 2014, and 45,000 people have received humanitarian aid as a result of donations to Mercury One. In March 2009 Beck put together a campaign, the 9-12 Project, which is named after nine principles and twelve values that he says embody the spirit of the American people on the day after the September 11 attacks. The Colorado 9–12 Project hosted a "Patriot Camp" for kids in grades 1–5, featuring programs on "our Constitution, the Founding Fathers, and the values and principles that are the cornerstones of our nation". The Restoring Honor rally was promoted/hosted by Beck and held at
Glenn Beck
97659
widespread social, economic and political equality. Although not described as a democracy by the founding fathers, they shared a determination to root the American experiment in the principles of natural freedom and equality. The American Revolution led to the adoption of the United States Constitution in 1787, the oldest surviving, still active, governmental codified constitution. The Constitution provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties for some, but did not end slavery nor extend voting rights in the United States beyond white male property owners (about 6% of the population). The Bill of Rights in 1791 set
Democracy
20365942
of separation of church and state, and the constitutionality of various government practices with respect to religion is a topic of active debate. Both principles arise from interpretations of the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause in the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Historians Mark Noll and Luke E. Harlow write that accommodationism was the view held by the Founding Fathers of the United States: Alexis de Tocqueville noted that most Christian denominations produce similar political effects in society: In light of this broad consensus, many political scientists have noted that religion legitimizes political authority.
Accommodationism
13399801
Congress. About the time of the Stamp Act, interest rose in civil and political philosophy. Many of the Founding Fathers wrote extensively on political issues, including John Adams, John Dickinson, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and James Madison. In continuing with the chief concerns of the Puritans in the 17th century, the Founding Fathers debated the interrelationship between God, the state, and the individual. Resulting from this were the "United States Declaration of Independence", passed in 1776, and the "United States Constitution", ratified in 1788. The Constitution sets forth a federated republican form of government that is
American philosophy
2840386
Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress. The Founding Fathers represented a cross-section of 18th-century U.S. leadership. According to a study of the biographies by Caroline Robbins: Many of the Founding Fathers attended or held degrees from the colonial
Founding Fathers of the United States
2840381
first Secretary of the Treasury, and Franklin was America's most senior diplomat, and later the governmental leader of Pennsylvania. The term Founding Fathers is sometimes used to refer to the Signers of the embossed version of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. "Signers" should not be confused with the term "Framers"; the Framers are defined by the National Archives as those 55 individuals who were appointed to be delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention and took part in drafting the proposed Constitution of the United States. Of the 55 Framers, only 39 were signers of the Constitution. Two further groupings
Founding Fathers of the United States
14610755
accepted that the Founding Fathers of the United States, by vesting "judicial power" into the Supreme Court and the inferior federal courts in Article Three of the United States Constitution, thereby vested in them the implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent; this power was widely accepted, understood, and recognized by the Founding Fathers at the time the Constitution was ratified. Several legal scholars have argued that the federal judicial power to decide "cases or controversies" necessarily includes the power to decide the precedential effect of those cases and controversies. The difficult question is whether federal
Law of the United States
2825103
called the estimated crowd of 8,000–10,000 the largest-ever US gathering of atheists in one place. In the United States, Enlightenment philosophy (which itself was heavily inspired by deist ideals) played a major role in creating the principle of religious freedom, expressed in Thomas Jefferson's letters and included in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. American Founding Fathers, or Framers of the Constitution, who were especially noted for being influenced by such philosophy of deism include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Cornelius Harnett, Gouverneur Morris, and Hugh Williamson. Their political speeches show distinct deistic influence. Other notable Founding Fathers may
Religion in the United States
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in , Nock disputes both the legitimacy of an inherited constitution and the other arguments used to justify claiming it legitimately binds its subjects. He attacks the motivations and legitimacy of the Founding Fathers directly, not simply their ability to impose a contract on subsequent generations. The protection of Natural Rights found in the Declaration of Independence, and advocated by Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine was abandoned by the largest body of the Founders as the American Revolution ended. Nock sees The State as expanding radically under FDR, the New Deal merely being a pretext for Federal government to increase
Our Enemy, the State
1864479
"free men always have the right to resist tyrannical government". Thomas Jefferson believed Sidney and Locke to be the two primary sources for the Founding Fathers' view of liberty. John Adams wrote to Jefferson in 1823 on the subject of Sidney: The Whig historian Thomas Babington Macaulay said of Sidney in 1828: But in 1848, Macaulay wrote of the Whig opposition to Charles II: The libertarian philosopher Friedrich Hayek quoted Sidney's "Discourses" on the title page of his "The Constitution of Liberty": "Our inquiry is not after that which is perfect, well knowing that no such thing is found among
Algernon Sidney
3468971
her death in 1994. She had one child, a daughter, Melodye Condos (born July 26, 1944), with fourth husband Condos. Politically, Raye was conservative, affirming her political views by informing an interviewer, "I am a Republican because I believe in the constitution, strength in national defense, limited government, individual freedom, and personal responsibility as the concrete foundation for American government. They reinforce the resolve that the United States is the greatest country in the world and we can all be eternally grateful to our founding fathers for the beautiful legacy they left us today." Martha Raye was the fifth person
Martha Raye
8153977
Services periodically as well as submit to an annual audit. Medicaid is also partially funded by categorical grants. Funds are given in the form of a formula grant to each state. Medicaid like Head Start is group specific in that it is meant to help low income persons and families. Other categorical grant funded programs include Food Stamps program, Magnet School programs. Since the federal government is only allotted so much power by the US Constitution, they can only influence the states so much. This was an ideal set up by our founding fathers to make sure the federal government
Categorical grant
7209904
honor their own wartime deeds. The local communities did not want to pay national taxes to cover the Army pensions, when the local militiamen received none. The delegates of the Constitutional Convention (the founding fathers/framers of the United States Constitution) under Article 1; section 8, clauses 15 and 16 of the federal constitution, granted Congress the power to "provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia", as well as, and in distinction to, the power to raise an army and a navy. The US Congress is granted the power to use the militia of the United States for three specific
Militia (United States)
14382725
If the group accepted his hymn, Roberts said he would send them his name. The commission approved it. The hymnal editor and organist George W. Warren were to choose a hymn for the celebration of the Centennial of the United States Constitution. They chose Roberts' lyrics, which were originally sung to a tune called "Russian Hymn." Warren wrote a new tune called "National Hymn." God of Our Fathers "God of Our Fathers" is a 19th-century American Christian hymn, written in 1876 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the United States Declaration of Independence. The hymn was written by Daniel C.
God of Our Fathers
12069854
is a gameplay concept taken from "Civilization IV". This means that rivals cannot pass into each other's land unless they have an open borders agreement — or they have declared war. Unlike the original "Colonization" game, nations cannot recruit the same founding fathers. Each founding father is recruited by one and only one nation/player. Moreover, founding fathers will only join nations with certain criteria, namely a certain level of "points" obtained in various categories (political, military, exploration, religion, and trade). After the player declares independence, players draft a constitution determining the government style of their independent nation. For example, if
Civilization IV: Colonization
9858952
weapons if they are legally owned. Paul believes that juries deserve the status of tribunals, and that jurors have the right to judge the law as well as the facts of the case. "The concept of protecting individual rights from the heavy hand of government through the common-law jury is as old as the Magna Carta. The Founding Fathers were keenly aware of this principle and incorporated it into our Constitution." He notes that this principle is also stated in Thomas Paine's "Rights of Man", Supreme Court of the United States decisions by Chief Justice John Jay, and writings of
Political positions of Ron Paul
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office. The organization establishes a new totalitarian government and a police state. In 2016, the NFFA devises a plan to help stabilize American society and later in 2017, the 28th Amendment to the U.S Constitution is ratified. This amendment establishes a 12-hour event known as "The Purge" which would take place from 7:00 in the evening of March 21 to 7:00 in the morning of March 22, wherein all crime including murder becomes legal. Before the Purge begins, the Emergency Broadcast System is activated with rules and a prayer saying "Blessed be our New Founding Fathers and America, a nation
The Purge
951612
in 1320. The Founding Fathers are said to have drawn from this document in drafting our own Constitution. The event features a parade with marching bagpipers from around the World and region, Scottish heavy athletics (caber toss, hammer throw, etc.), musical entertainment, traditional and contemporary foods and lots of fun. Highlights include the Kirkin' o' the Tartans (ceremony of blessing for the Scottish clans), displays of traditional Scottish clan Tartans, and demonstrations of traditional Scottish activities and games. The Fete de Glace is an ice carving competition and demonstration held on North Main Street in mid-January. The Missouri River Irish
St. Charles, Missouri
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$83M by both sides of the issue. The amendment was in force until United States district court Judge Vaughn R. Walker overturned it in August 2010, in the case "Perry v. Schwarzenegger", ruling that it violated both the Due Process and Equal Protection clauses of the United States Constitution. NOM chairman Maggie Gallagher expressed her disagreement with the ruling, targeting Walker's sexuality and accusing him of "substituting his views for those of the American people and of our Founding Fathers." NOM President, Brian Snow, also expressed dissatisfaction with the ruling, stating "With a stroke of his pen, Judge Walker has
National Organization for Marriage
16584816
Moved to the Senate and was Arrested" by their director Rev. Flip Benham. The statement took Senators to task for not joining the protest. It stated that the Congressional "chamber was violated by a false Hindu god. The Senate was opened with a Hindu prayer placing the false god of Hinduism on a level playing field with the One True God, Jesus Christ. This would never have been allowed by our Founding Fathers. Not one Senator had the backbone to stand as our Founding Fathers stood. They stood on the Gospel of Jesus Christ! There were three in the audience
Rajan Zed prayer protest
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Tucker Act. He declined to be renominated to the House in 1886. He was co-sponsor of the 1887 Edmunds–Tucker Act. Tucker was an exemplar of the racist views of his day. Speaking on the House floor, he asserted that “We did not ordain and establish this Constitution for the Chinaman and for all the other races of the earth. . . . I hold that this Constitution was ordained and established by our fathers for their posterity of the Caucasian people of America.” Not surprisingly, he was also not supportive of the post-Civil War push to grant rights to African
John Randolph Tucker (politician)
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England." He made it quite clear that he thought the American items to be "materially better." (First lecture.) James Wilson James Wilson (September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson was elected twice to the Continental Congress, where he represented Pennsylvania, and was a major force in drafting the United States Constitution. A leading legal theorist, he was one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United
James Wilson
17210928
in literature. He then continued his studies in the United States, where he obtained a doctorate degree in literature. Little additional information is available about his early life or personal/family life. Wali was one of the founding fathers of Rivers State in Nigeria and served as the first Commissioner for Education, as well as a member of the first executive council of the state. He was later elected as a member of the 1978 Constituent Assembly and also as a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee that drafted the 1979 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. He was elected
Obi Wali
15350752
out of its enduring crisis. Prince Mohammed El Senussi, the legitimate heir to the Libyan monarchy, was widely referenced during the event as the would-be leader of the Libyan people if the Constitution of 1951 is restored. Supporters called for Senussi to “assume all his constitutional powers and resume the constitutional life that the founding fathers created.” The conference was broadcast live on Libyan television, and attendees traveled from many various parts of the region, including Tripoli, Zliten, Benghazi, and Misrata, where grassroots movements advocating for “Return of the Constitutional Legitimacy” have gained momentum. Ashraf Baoudoura, who coordinated the event,
Constitution of Libya (1951)
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ANLO The Academicus Neo Lovaniensis Ordo (in short, ANLO), is a mixed student corporation which is composed of present and alumni students of the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain). It was founded on 26 September 1991. The ANLO was founded on 26 September 1991. However, it was only inaugurated later on 26 April 1992 at 6H26 local time at the borders of the lake of Louvain-la-Neuve. The time between the foundation and the inauguration was used by the founding fathers to develop their ideas and write the codex mentioned above. The founding fathers are the following 8 people : François
ANLO
15416
Lincoln had become a hero to political conservatives for his intense nationalism, support for business, his insistence on stopping the spread of human bondage, his acting in terms of Lockean and Burkean principles on behalf of both liberty and tradition, and his devotion to the principles of the Founding Fathers. As a Whig activist, Lincoln was a spokesman for business interests, favoring high tariffs, banks, internal improvements, and railroads in opposition to the agrarian Democrats. William C. Harris found that Lincoln's "reverence for the Founding Fathers, the Constitution, the laws under it, and the preservation of the Republic and its
Abraham Lincoln
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reclaim a history that some of us don't necessarily think is our own." Miranda has stated that he is "totally open" to women playing the Founding Fathers. Casting for the British production is expected to feature predominantly black British artists. Although "Hamilton" was based on historical events and people, Miranda did use some dramatic license in retelling the story. For example, while Angelica did have a strong relationship with Hamilton, it was exaggerated in the show. During "Satisfied", Angelica explains why Hamilton is not suitable for her despite wanting him. In particular, she states, "I'm a girl in a world
Hamilton (musical)
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of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence and concluded: Several of the Founding Fathers had extensive national, state, local and foreign political experience prior to the adoption of the Constitution in 1787. Some had been diplomats. Several had been members of the Continental Congress or elected President of that body. Nearly all of the 55 Constitutional Convention delegates had some experience in colonial and state government, and the majority had held county and local offices. Those who lacked national congressional experience were Bassett, Blair, Brearly, Broom, Davie, Dayton, Alexander Martin, Luther Martin, Mason, McClurg, Paterson, Charles Pinckney, Strong, and
Founding Fathers of the United States
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the superb "The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch", in "Faith of Our Fathers" "he makes sense only to himself". "Faith of Our Fathers" was nominated for the 1968 Hugo Award for Best Novelette. Dick later said about this story: and Faith of Our Fathers (short story) "Faith of Our Fathers" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in the anthology "Dangerous Visions" (1967). Tung Chien is a Vietnamese bureaucrat in a world that has been conquered by Chinese-style atheist communism, where the population is kept docile with hallucinogenic drugs. When a street vendor
Faith of Our Fathers (short story)
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be traced to October 2000, when founding member Brenda Donnellan and activists from Wood County served as plaintiffs in Phillips v Hechler, civ 6:00-894. This litigation resulted in a November 3, 2000, ruling against then Secretary of State Ken Hechler, forcing him to allow Constitution Party presidential nominee, Howard Phillips, to run as a declared write-in (WI) candidate without paying a filing fee. The 1964 Constitution Party presidential nominee, Joseph B. Lightburn, was a neighbor of Donnellan's in Jane Lew, where he owned a local general store. Lightburn served as National Committeeman for the Constitution Party of West Virginia, but
Constitution Party (United States)
4843180
Gary Grigsby Gary Grigsby is a computer wargame designer and programmer. In 1997, he was described as "one of the founding fathers of strategy war games for the PC." Gary Grigsby purchased a TRS-80 computer in May 1979 to write wargames, but did not know how to approach the two publishers of computer wargames, Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) and Avalon Hill. In February 1982 he called SSI to complain about a bug in its "Torpedo Fire"; during the conversation Joel Billings encouraged Grigsby to submit his designs. That year "Guadalcanal Campaign", written in BASIC, became his first game for SSI,
Gary Grigsby
3106169
Restoring the Lost Constitution Restoring the Lost Constitution: The Presumption of Liberty is a 2003 book about the United States Constitution written by Randy Barnett, a professor of law at the Georgetown University Law Center. In the book, Barnett outlines his theory of constitutional legitimacy, interpretation, and construction. He argues for that the Constitution should be interpreted by its "original meaning", distinct from the Founding Fathers' original intent. "Restoring the Lost Constitution" was awarded the 2005 Lysander Spooner Award for Advancing the Literature of Liberty by Laissez Faire Books. "Restoring the Lost Constitution" is broken into four parts, each addressing
Restoring the Lost Constitution
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policy as being driven by self-interested expansionism going back as far as the writing of the Constitution. Some politicians today do not agree. Pat Buchanan claims that the modern United States' drive to empire is "far removed from what the Founding Fathers had intended the young Republic to become." Andrew Bacevich argues that the U.S. did not fundamentally change its foreign policy after the Cold War, and remains focused on an effort to expand its control across the world. As the surviving superpower at the end of the Cold War, the U.S. could focus its assets in new directions, the
American imperialism
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Chan, from the Central California town of Oroville; Dong Wing Tom, from San Francisco; and Elmer Leong from Berkeley, did much of the preliminary work towards the formation of the Fraternity. In the Fall of 1928, the three approached Tim Jang, a freshman starting his first year at the university to join. On February 1, 1929, the six Founding Fathers signed the fraternity's Constitution in both Chinese and English and officially established Pi Alpha Phi at the University of California, Berkeley. The Six Founders were: D. Wing Tom, Wing Chan, Elmer Leong, Chack Chan, Tim Jang, and George Lee. The
Pi Alpha Phi
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also between these two branches. and, obviously, between them and the judiciary branch, which is really independent. A note on the status of separation of power, checks and balances, and balance of power in Norway today. In the original constitution of 1814 the Montesquieu concept was enshrined, and the people at the time had the same skepticism about political parties as the American founding fathers and the revolutionaries in France. Nor did people really want to get rid of the king and the Council of State (privy council). King and council was a known concept that people had lived with
Separation of powers
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Robert True Donnelly Robert True Donnelly was a judge on the Missouri Supreme Court from 1965 until 1988, and the Chief Justice of that same court twice, from 1973 to 1975 and again from 1981 to 1983. He was educated at the public schools of Tulsa, Oklahoma and also did graduate work at the University of Tulsa. During his 23 years on the court, he authored 546 opinions. While Chief Justice, he drew headlines by criticizing the Supreme Court of the United States for interpreting the U.S. Constitution beyond what the Founding Fathers "had envisioned." He also claimed that modern
Robert True Donnelly
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of the year in a special that aired on December 4, 2008. On February 28, 2009, following his self-described "first address to the nation" lasting 90 minutes, carried live on CNN and Fox News and recorded for C-SPAN, Limbaugh received CPAC's "Defender of the Constitution Award", a document originally signed by Benjamin Franklin, given to someone "who has stood up for the First Amendment ... Rush Limbaugh is for America, exactly what Benjamin Franklin did for the Founding Fathers ... the only way we will be successful is if we listen to Rush Limbaugh." In his 2010 book, "Rush Limbaugh:
Rush Limbaugh
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under federal law, stating that "religions other than Christianity have no First Amendment rights whatsoever under the federal constitution." MormonVoices, a group associated with Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research, included Fischer on its Top Ten Anti-Mormon Statements of 2011 list for saying "Mormonism is not an orthodox Christian faith. It just is not ... It's very clear that the founding fathers did not intend to preserve automatically religious liberty for non-Christian faiths." In a 2015 press release denouncing Fischer's views, the AFA stated "AFA rejects the idea expressed by Bryan Fischer that "free exercise of religion" only applies to
Bryan Fischer
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responsibility for her actions, and even a likelihood of repeating her illegal actions. Some of the other allocution speeches given by the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials. Tim DeChristopher gave an allocution statement to the court describing the US as "a place where the rule of law was created through acts of civil disobedience" and arguing, "Since those bedrock acts of civil disobedience by our founding fathers, the rule of law in this country has continued to grow closer to our shared higher moral code through the civil disobedience that drew attention to legalized injustice." Steven Barkan writes
Civil disobedience
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place where the rule of law was created through acts of civil disobedience. Since those bedrock acts of civil disobedience by our founding fathers, the rule of law in this country has continued to grow closer to our shared higher moral code through the civil disobedience that drew attention to legalized injustice. The U.S. Attorney's office had also argued that "a federal prison term here will deter others from entering a path of criminal behavior." DeChristopher responded: Judge Benson imposed a sentence of two years in prison and a $10,000 fine, saying that were it not for his "continuing trail
Tim DeChristopher
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and advocated for their impact on constitutional interpretation. He has also dealt with their relation to constitutional jurisprudence and natural law, and their challenge to moral relativism. His works draw on political philosophers from Aristotle through the U.S. Founding Fathers, Lincoln, and contemporary authors and jurists. John O. McGinnis, reviewing Arkes' "Constitutional Illusions & Anchoring Truths" in "The Wall Street Journal", writes that it tries to find a path between the extremes of originalism, where the meaning of the U. S.Constitution is fixed by its original text, and the idea of the living constitution, where its meaning is updated by
Hadley Arkes
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some of the Founding Fathers. It also seeks to teach its view of the Constitution and other founding documents. Scholars have described its interpretation variously as originalist, popular, or a unique combination of the two. Reliance on the Constitution is selective and inconsistent. Adherents cite it, yet do so more as a cultural reference rather than out of commitment to the text, which they seek to alter. Two constitutional amendments have been targeted by some in the movement for full or partial repeal: the 16th that allows an income tax, and the 17th that requires popular election of senators. There
Tea Party movement
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An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States is a 1913 book by American historian Charles A. Beard. "An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States" argues that the structure of the [Constitution of the United States] was motivated primarily by the personal financial interests of the Founding Fathers; Beard contends that the authors of "[The Federalist Papers]" represented an interest group themselves. More specifically, Beard contends that the Constitutional Convention was attended by, and the Constitution was therefore written by, a "cohesive" elite seeking to
An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States
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the Constitution were new, and guaranteed security to each citizen of Pakistan. First part of the Constitution introduced the definition of "State", the idea of life, liberty and property, individual equality, prohibition of slavery, preservation of languages, right to fair trial, and provided safeguard as to arrest and detention as well as providing safeguards against discrimination in services. The due process clause of the Constitution was partly based on the British Common law, as many founding fathers and legal experts of the country had followed the British legal tradition. The fundamental rights are supreme in the Constitution and any law
Constitution of Pakistan
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and the nation, as Alexander Hamilton explained in his Concerning the Militia essay published in 1788: Some scholars have said that it is wrong to read a right of armed insurrection in the Second Amendment because clearly the founding fathers sought to place trust in the power of the ordered liberty of democratic government versus the anarchy of insurrectionists. Other writers, such as Glenn Reynolds, contend that the framers did believe in an individual right to armed insurrection. They cite examples, such as the Declaration of Independence (describing in 1776 "the Right of the People to ... institute new Government")
Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
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endured penalties in the number of delegates it can send to the national convention. There is no provision for the role of political parties in the United States Constitution, since the Founding Fathers did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan. In Federalist Papers No. 9 and No. 10, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively, wrote specifically about the dangers of domestic political factions. Thus in the first two presidential elections, the Electoral College handled the nominations and elections in 1789 and 1792 that selected George Washington. The beginnings of the American two-party system then emerged from Washington's
United States presidential primary
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2004 general elections, 95% of House races and 91% of senate races were won by the candidates who spent the most on their campaigns. Attempts to limit the influence of money on American political campaigns dates back to the 1860s. Recently, Congress passed legislation requiring candidates to disclose sources of campaign contributions, how the campaign money is spent, and regulated use of "soft money" contributions. The United States Constitution does not mention political parties, primarily because the Founding Fathers did not intend for American politics to be partisan. In "Federalist Papers" No. 9 and No. 10, Alexander Hamilton and James
Politics of the United States
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and conservative ideologies, an independent can be of any ideological or political persuasion. The United States Constitution is silent on the subject of political parties. The Founding Fathers did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan. In Federalist Papers No. 9 and No. 10, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively, wrote specifically about the dangers of domestic political factions. In addition, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was not a member of any political party at the time of his election or throughout his tenure as president. Furthermore, he hoped that political parties would not
Political parties in the United States
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abolition law; fully ending forced labor as of 1827. He freed his own slaves in 1798. Alexander Hamilton opposed slavery, as his experiences in life left him very familiar with slavery and its effect on slaves and on slaveholders, although he did negotiate slave transactions for his wife's family, the Schuylers. John Adams, Samuel Adams, and Thomas Paine never owned slaves. Slaves and slavery are mentioned only indirectly in the 1787 Constitution. For example, Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 prescribes that "three fifths of all other Persons" are to be counted for the apportionment of seats in the House
Founding Fathers of the United States
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Preamble to the United States Constitution The Preamble to the United States Constitution is a brief introductory statement of the Constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles. It states in general terms, and courts have referred to it as reliable evidence of the Founding Fathers' intentions regarding the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped the Constitution would achieve. The Preamble was placed in the Constitution during the last days of the Constitutional Convention by the Committee on Style, which wrote its final draft, with Gouverneur Morris leading the effort. It was not proposed or discussed on the floor of the convention
Preamble to the United States Constitution
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A More Perfect Constitution A More Perfect Constitution is a book published by American political scientist at the University of Virginia, Larry J. Sabato, in which he proposes a constitutional convention to substantially overhaul the United States Constitution. He points out that after the Bill of Rights, there have only been seventeen constitutional amendments over the past 220 years. He argues that a constitutional convention is overdue and is something that the Founding Fathers would have wanted. He offers 23 proposals for revising the Constitution. The twenty-three proposals run the gamut from changing the length of the U.S. President's term
A More Perfect Constitution
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became American icons. Each is examined from a humanistic psychological point of view with interpretations from world cultures, religions, secret societies, archetypes and popular usage. Hieronimus makes a strong defense against the growing anti-American mythology from dreamed-up conspiracies about our Founding Fathers and their symbols, based on poor research and illogical conclusions. This book was turned into a 2-hour special on the Discovery Channel called "Secret America," a special on the History Channel called "Secrets of the Founding Fathers," and was featured in a segment on Canada's Vision TV called "Occult Architecture: Washington DC." Hieronimus's most famous Artcar, the Volkswagen
Robert Richard Hieronimus
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among his critics. In a January 2014 speech in Mississippi, Moore said that the Framers of the Declaration of Independence and the Founding Fathers attributed our rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as coming from a specific God, stating "Buddha didn't create us, Mohammed didn't create us, it was the God of the Holy Scriptures." The speech prompted criticism because it appeared to suggest that non-Christians did not enjoy religious protections under the First Amendment. In a subsequent interview, Moore said that the First Amendment protects all faiths: "It applies to the rights God gave us to
Roy Moore
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McCullough, "Popular symbolism has not been very generous toward Adams. There is no memorial, no statue ... in his honor in our nation's capital, and to me that is absolutely inexcusable. It's long past time when we should recognize what he did, and who he was." John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with
John Adams
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adoption of the Constitution and the transformations caused by the Civil War. Thus he emphasized the long-term conflict among industrialists in the Northeast, farmers in the Midwest, and planters in the South that he saw as the cause of the Civil War. His study of the financial interests of the drafters of the United States Constitution ("An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution") seemed radical in 1913, since he proposed that the U.S. Constitution was a product of economically determinist, land-holding founding fathers. He saw ideology as a product of economic interests. Historian Carl Becker in "History of Political Parties in
Charles A. Beard
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In 1877 Penrose became the assistant editor of the LDS Church-owned "Deseret News" in Salt Lake City, working under George Q. Cannon. Penrose was known for his writing, including missionary tracts and lyrics of Mormon hymns, including "God of Our Fathers", "O Ye Mountains High", and "Up, Awake, Ye Defenders of Zion". In 1880 Penrose became the editor-in-chief of the Deseret News. In 1872 Penrose was a delegate for Weber County, Utah in the state constitutional convention of that year. While the convention wrote a state constitution, this one was rejected by the U.S. congress and Utah did not at
Charles W. Penrose
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the European Parliament. Other founding fathers who signed the treaty were Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) of Germany and Joseph Bech (1887–1975) of Luxembourg. Further men who have been considered founding fathers are: Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) who founded the association "Young Europe" in 1834 with the vision of a united continent; Victor Hugo (1802–1885) who made a speech where he called for United States of Europe in 1849 at the International Peace Congress of Paris; Milan Hodža (1878–1944) ￼￼who was famous for his attempts to establish a democratic federation of Central European štáte (book: Federation in central Europe, reflections and reminiscences); Jacques
Founding fathers of the European Union
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a vehicle for land speculation founded by a number of Amsterdam Patriot financiers in 1789, in Trenton, NJ, where he was joined by François Adriaan van der Kemp, the distributor of Van der Capellen's pamphlet. The Patriot Revolt, its causes and its denouement in the Prussian intervention were of great interest to the Founding Fathers. This is illustrated by Federalist Paper No. 20, written by James Madison and published under the pseudonym "Publius" on 11 December 1787 in the context of the debate about the United States Constitution, more particularly about the defects of the Articles of Confederation and similar
Patriottentijd
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the American colonies, influenced the Founding Fathers in drafting the United States Constitution. Montesquieu was born at the Château de la Brède in southwest France, south of Bordeaux. His father, Jacques de Secondat, was a soldier with a long noble ancestry. His mother, Marie Françoise de Pesnel, who died when Charles was seven, was an heiress who brought the title of Barony of La Brède to the Secondat family. After the death of his mother he was sent to the Catholic College of Juilly, a prominent school for the children of French nobility, where he remained from 1700 to 1711.
Montesquieu
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of the judicial code, where he made a valuable contribution. During this period he spearheaded a number of important reforms, such as the standardisation of weights and measurements. He died in Milan. A forerunner in criminology, his influence during his lifetime extended to shaping the rights listed in the US Constitution and Bill of Rights. "On Crimes and Punishments" served as a useful guide to the founding fathers. Beccaria's theories, as expressed in "On Crimes and Punishments", have continued to play a great role in recent times. Some of the current policies impacted by his theories are truth in sentencing,
Cesare Beccaria
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effects of faction, is enjoyed by a large over a small republic". The Founding Fathers of the United States intended to address this criticism by combining democracy with republicanism. A constitution would limit the powers of what a simple majority can accomplish. Machiavelli put the idea that democracies will tend to cater to the whims of the people, who follow false ideas to entertain themselves, squander their reserves, and do not deal with potential threats to their rule until it is too late. He put forth a cyclical theory of government where monarchies tend to decay into aristocracies, which then
Criticism of democracy
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in order of seniority: The Federal Council was instituted by the 1848 Federal Constitution as the "supreme executive and directorial authority of the Confederation". When the Constitution was written, constitutional democracy was still in its infancy, and the founding fathers of Switzerland had little in the way of examples. While they drew heavily on the U.S. Constitution for the organisation of the federal state as a whole, they opted for the collegial rather than the presidential system for the executive branch of government (directorial system). This accommodated the long tradition of the rule of collective bodies in Switzerland. Under the
Federal Council (Switzerland)
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1776. Later that year he attended the Convention that drafted Maryland’s first state constitution. Under the new state constitution, he was elected to the first Maryland Senate in 1777. Robert narrowly missed two chances to be listed formally as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He withdrew from the Continental Congress six weeks before the Declaration of Independence to return home and work toward’s Maryland’s first constitution. In 1787, he was selected as a representative to attend the U.S. Constitutional Convention, but didn’t attend due to poor health. He died the following year at home at Horns
Robert Goldsborough
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We shall cast all dreams of case away And put on the Armour of Technology. Our Mother State, Enugu demands our best. This crucial hour, we shall never rest on our oars till all endeavours of our days are fulfilled. Refrain:<br> Technology for service. Service to humanity. Our Alma mate's pledge this is We vow to work with hands, heart and Knowledge to win a worthy prize For mankind. Verse 2:<br> We hail our founding fathers; their foresight and devotion, Steadfastness and forbearance And self-reliance and animation. It is our turn to nurture Our patriots' golden treasure, With one accord
Enugu State University of Science and Technology
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high school, established by the Archdiocese of New Orleans in 1951. The Josephite Fathers also operate St. Joseph Manor in Baltimore and St. Joseph Seminary in Washington, DC. In June 2011, the Josephite Fathers and Brothers, 140 years after their founding in 1871 to serve the African-American community, elected their first black superior general: the Right Reverend Father William Norvel, Previously pastor of Our Lady of Perpetual Help Parish in Washington, D.C.. Father Norvel then served a four-year term at the religious institute's Baltimore headquarters. Father Norvel had served as consultor general for the Josephites from 1983-1987, and as President
Josephite Fathers
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deeds of our fathers and grandfathers" in World War II, although Shoygu did not at the time suggest how this should be done. Already prior to this, however, State Duma member Konstantin Zatulin, had been assigned the task on 11 December 2008 of drafting a bill "On Counteracting the Rehabilitation of Nazism, Nazi Criminals and Their Accomplices in New Independent States on the Territory of the Former USSR". According to commission chairman Sergey Naryshkin, the tasks of the commission would not be to "re-write" or "politicise" history in the manner of countries like Latvia and Lithuania. Instead, the commission would
Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia's Interests
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attended by Cyrenaican authorities as well as by members of the Tobruk-based House of Representatives under the slogan "The return to the unamended Constitution of the founding fathers of 1951 to ensure the unity of the Libyan nation". A conclusive statement authored by the organizers reiterated the necessity to regard the 1951 Constitution as the sole means to achieve political reunification in Libya. Notably, on June 4, 2015 Daniel Kawczynski, a member of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee in the British Parliament, published a piece advocating for the return of the 1951 Constitution as amended in 1963 in line with
Kingdom of Libya
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particular State. In Australia, developments in international law have no direct effect for domestic purposes unless a deliberate law-making act by the proper law-making authority has "transformed" the international rule into a domestic rule. According to Constitutional law academic Michael Coper, it is "not entirely clear what the founding fathers intended" by conferring upon the Commonwealth Parliament the right to legislate with respect to "external affairs". Section 51(xxix) was amended a number of times in the Constitutional Conventions that debated the draft Constitution in the 1890s. The draft Constitution adopted by the 1891 Sydney Convention allowed the Parliament to make
Section 51(xxix) of the Constitution of Australia
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granite semi-circle with gold signatures of the Founding Fathers, organized by the original thirteen states. A 2011–12 national design competition was sponsored by the Trust for the National Mall to select a design team for the redesign of three sites: Constitution Gardens, the Sylvan Theater, and Union Square. After an intense and highly publicized competition, the Trust for the National Mall has announced the three winning teams selected to redesign the neglected sites of "America's front yard". As reported by the "Washington Post", Rogers Marvel Architects and PWP Landscape Architecture will redesign Constitution Gardens east of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.
Constitution Gardens
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participating. The following is a list of the delegates: The delegates, which would eventually become the founding fathers of the current commonwealth of Puerto Rico, established 10 permanent committees: 7 which dealt with constitutional matters and 3 which dealt with the assembly's internal operations. The constitutional committees were as follows: The assembly held 62 sessions between September 17, 1951 and February 6, 1952, approving the constitution within the assembly two days before concluding their affairs on February 4, 1952. The constitution was then overwhelmingly approved a month later by the people of Puerto Rico in a referendum held on March
Constitution of Puerto Rico
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Social contract (Malaysia) The social contract in Malaysia refers to the supposedly understanding made by Malaya's founding fathers in the Constitution, nearing its independence. The social contract usually refers to a "quid pro quo" trade-off through Articles 14–18 of the Constitution, pertaining to the granting of citizenship to the non-Bumiputera of Malaya (particularly Malaysian Chinese and Indian), and this was carried over to Article 153 when Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963, which grants the Malays special position in the country. The term has also been used occasionally to refer to other portions of the Constitution. This circumstance does
Social contract (Malaysia)
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Anti-Federalist Papers Anti-Federalist Papers is the collective name given to works written by the Founding Fathers who were opposed to or concerned with the merits of the United States Constitution of 1787. Starting on 25 September 1787 (8 days after the final draft of the US Constitution) and running through the early 1790s, these anti-Federalists published a series of essays arguing against a stronger and more energetic union as embodied in the new Constitution. Although less influential than their counterparts, "The Federalist Papers", these works nonetheless played an important role in shaping the early American political landscape and in the
Anti-Federalist Papers
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the population. The Constitution includes the result of the Great Compromise resulting in representation for the US Senate. Each state was equally represented in the Senate with two representatives, without regard to population. The Founding Fathers considered this principle of such importance that they included a clause in the Constitution to prohibit any state from being deprived of equal representation in the Senate without its permission; see Article V of the United States Constitution. For this reason, "one person, one vote" has never been implemented in the U.S. Senate, in terms of representation by states. When states established their legislatures,
One man, one vote
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legacy of the Anti-Federalist cause can be seen in the strong suspicion of centralized government held by many Americans to this day. Anti-Federalist Papers Anti-Federalist Papers is the collective name given to works written by the Founding Fathers who were opposed to or concerned with the merits of the United States Constitution of 1787. Starting on 25 September 1787 (8 days after the final draft of the US Constitution) and running through the early 1790s, these anti-Federalists published a series of essays arguing against a stronger and more energetic union as embodied in the new Constitution. Although less influential than
Anti-Federalist Papers
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his position until 1801. Bassett was one of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention and, without supplying much input, signed the Constitution. Meanwhile, the Delaware Constitution of 1776 was in need of revision, and Bassett once again joined with another of Delaware's Founding Fathers, John Dickinson in leading the convention to draft a revision, which became the Delaware Constitution of 1792. Upon his retirement from the United States Senate in 1793, Bassett began a six-year term as the first Chief Justice of the Delaware Court of Common Pleas. At the time it was a court of general civil jurisdiction and
Richard Bassett (politician)
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of its size, has two senators. Senatorial terms are staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Each staggered group of one-third of the senators is called a 'class'. No state has both its senators in the same class. One senator is a class above the other, or vise versa The United States Congress was created in Article I of the Constitution, where the Founding Fathers laid out the limitations and powers of Congress. Article I grants Congress legislative power and lists the enumerated powers and allows Congress to make laws that are necessary
Member of Congress
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be measured primarily in terms of prior practice" according to the word "unusual" in the amendment, instead of being measured according to shifting and nebulous evolving standards. Similarly, Professor John Bessler points to "An Essay on Crimes and Punishments," written by Cesare Beccaria in the 1760s, which advocated proportionate punishments; many of the Founding Fathers, including Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, read Beccaria's treatise and were influenced by it. Thus, Stinneford and Bessler disagree with the view of Justice Scalia, joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist, in "Harmelin v. Michigan" where they denied that the Punishments Clause contains any proportionality principle.
Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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Isak Kobro Collett Isak Kobro Collett (19 January 1867 – 2 September 1911) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party. He was born as the second son of Thomas Collett (1835–1898) and Sine Kobro (1843–1920), in Lindaas where his father was stationed as a county physician. He had one older and two younger brothers. His great-grandfather was Jonas Collett, among the founding fathers of the Norwegian Constitution. He married Jenny Augusta Arntzen (1875–1951). The couple had six children, some of whom died young. He took secondary education in Drammen, and graduated as cand.med. in 1894. He was appointed acting
Isak Kobro Collett
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you think that I have left our big house. No, I am not a child. I went below to see the chief who treated me well. I did not ask him for anything. I did not refuse his presents. But these cannot make me abandon this house, where are buried the remains of our fathers, whose tracks are yet fresh in all the paths leading to this place. No I will not abandon this house!' After which he rose from his seat, and took off his fine fur hat and feathers, which he threw on the floor with all his
Crazy Bear (Assiniboine chief)