why did german workers go on strike in 1923
occupation
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the Weimar Republic, including the Beer Hall Putsch. The Rhenish Republic was proclaimed at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) in October 1923. Though the French did succeed in making their occupation of the Ruhr pay, the Germans through their passive resistance in the Ruhr and the hyperinflation that wrecked their economy, won the world's sympathy, and under heavy Anglo-American financial pressure (the simultaneous decline in the value of the franc made the French very open to pressure from Wall Street and the City), the French were forced to agree to the Dawes Plan of April 1924, which substantially lowered German reparations payments. Under
Occupation of the Ruhr
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of unprecedented advances in factor productivity. Real unit production costs for most final goods dropped steadily throughout the 19th century and especially from 1873 to 1896. At no previous time had there been an equivalent "harvest of technological advances... so general in their application and so radical in their implications". That is why, notwithstanding the dire predictions of many eminent economists, Britain did not end up paralyzed by strikes and lockouts. Falling prices did not mean falling money wages. Instead of inspiring large numbers of workers to go on strike, falling prices were inspiring them to go shopping. Long Depression
Long Depression
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hours in advance if they intend to go on strike. Should they go on strike without having declared their intention to do so beforehand, they leave themselves open to sanctions. The unions did and still oppose this law and argue these 48 hours are used not only to pressure the workers but also to keep files on the more militant workers, who will more easily be undermined in their careers by the employers. Most importantly, they argue this law prevents the more hesitant workers from making the decision to join the strike the day before, once they've been convinced to
Strike action
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Unlike other IFTU events, delegates from the Soviet Union were invited. In his inaugural speech, Fimmen, stated that any new world war would be confronted by a global general strike. However, when French troops occupied the Ruhr a month later, the promised general strike did not occur. The German ADGB opposed initiating a general strike. The IFTU did not go beyond a general call for peace and arbitration through the League of Nations. Fimmen became increasingly disillusioned over these developments. In November 1923 he resigned as ITUF general secretary. At the Hague Peace Conference Johannes Sassenbach was appointed as the
International Federation of Trade Unions
4463088
failed strikes. Longshoremen in San Francisco, then the major port on the coast, were required to go through a hiring hall operated by a company union, known as the "blue book" system for the color of the membership book. The Industrial Workers of the World had attempted to organize longshoremen, sailors and fishermen in the 1920s through their Marine Transport Workers Union. Their largest strike, the 1923 San Pedro Maritime Strike, bottled up shipping in that harbor, but was crushed by a combination of injunctions, mass arrests and vigilantism by the American Legion. While the IWW was a spent force
1934 West Coast waterfront strike
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Schifflange and Differdange were alerted, and also refused to go to work. In Schifflange, Hans Adam, a worker of German origins sounded the alarm across the valley to alert all workers. In Differdange, news of the strike spread throughout the workforce by word of mouth, and increased in intensity on September 1. On September 2, 156 mill workers refused to take their shift, and many of those who were already working stopped. The German directors of the mill warned the millworkers that they could be killed for their actions. A few workers got back to work, but approximately 50 still
1942 Luxembourgish general strike
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why the workers were able to have their demands fulfilled. Demanding a higher minimum wage, in February 2008 left-wing activists such as Kamal el-Fayoumi who worked in the state-run textile industry in el-Mahalla organized one of the largest anti-Mubarak labor protests since Mubarak became president in 1981, with around 10,000 factory workers protesting in the streets. Meanwhile, the doctors union voted to go on a national strike on March 15 and university professors launched a national strike on March 23. On 6 April 2008, thousands of policemen occupied el-Mahalla and took control of many of the factories in an attempt
Hossam el-Hamalawy
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union. This brought most of the workers back, to the detriment of the union itself. The more intense strikers found that they did not have a job to go back to since many were blacklisted from the industry. The entire strike, although only lasting from May 7, 1912, to June 25, 1912, cost 117,000 days in lost working time for hotel staff in New York City. This concluded the 1912 strike, however hotel workers continued to strike in 1913, 1918, 1929, and 1934. and hotel workers did not receive adequate representation until the Hotel Trades Council (now the New York
1912 New York City waiters' strike
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1946 Pilbara strike The 1946 Pilbara strike was a landmark strike by Indigenous Australian pastoral workers in the Pilbara region of Western Australia for human rights recognition and payment of fair wages and working conditions. The strike involved at least 800 Aboriginal pastoral workers walking off the large Pastoral Stations in the Pilbara on 1 May 1946, and from employment in the two major towns of Port Hedland and Marble Bar. The strike did not end until August 1949 and even then many indigenous Australians refused to go back and work for white station owners. It is regarded as one
1946 Pilbara strike
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took 33% of the shares. Meanwhile, workers started organizing to improve labor conditions. This proved difficult. Charles Piaget, the son of a clockwork artisan, who began working at the factory in 1946 as a skilled worker, became a representative of the Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC, French Confederation of Christian Workers) trade union. He later recalled that during national strikes, only 30 or 40 workers at LIP out of a total of 1200 would go on strike. Those who did strike were listed by the management and called in to explain themselves. Semi-skilled workers on the assembly line were
LIP (company)
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paid a little bit more than the average worker. Verizon strike of 2000 The Verizon strike 2000 took place on August 5, 2000, in New York. Nearly 85,000 unionized Verizon workers went on strike to protest Verizon's plan to shut down their factory and move to non-union areas. On August 5, 2000, 85,000 union workers walked out on Verizon and began to strike. There were two union groups that went on strike, the Communication Workers of America and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. There were different reasons why the two union groups went on strike. The first reason was
Verizon strike of 2000
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Verizon strike of 2000 The Verizon strike 2000 took place on August 5, 2000, in New York. Nearly 85,000 unionized Verizon workers went on strike to protest Verizon's plan to shut down their factory and move to non-union areas. On August 5, 2000, 85,000 union workers walked out on Verizon and began to strike. There were two union groups that went on strike, the Communication Workers of America and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. There were different reasons why the two union groups went on strike. The first reason was due to the merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE;
Verizon strike of 2000
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They had close links to "Communist Workers Party" but only gained a significant following in Poplar during the 1923 Docks Strike. It did not survive long after a physical attack on its members on 26 September 1923 in Poplar High Street by the police which left 40 members in hospital. Wal Hannington filled in for George Lansbury at a meeting held in Glasgow City Hall shortly afterwards. He criticised the UWO and defended the actions of the Poplar Board of Guardians, who had called in the police. It suspended activity in 1939, at the outbreak of the Second World War,
National Unemployed Workers' Movement
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arrived. In a letter written on May 2, 1923, Wilckens wrote his reasons for the event: On June 15, 1923, Kurt Wilckens was killed in prison by Ernesto Pérez Millán Temperley, a member of the Liga Patriótica Argentina. Two years later, on November 9, 1925, Pérez Millán Temperley died after an attack from another inmate, Esteban Lucich, who acted on orders from the Russian anarchist Boris Wladimirovich. Kurt Gustav Wilckens Kurt Gustav Wilckens (1886-1923) was a militant German anarchist, known in Argentina for having avenged the massacre of hundreds of workers on strike in the repression unleashed by the Argentine
Kurt Gustav Wilckens
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the media's focus from the strike. Compounding the problem, many workers and unions did not want to go back on strike because they had already suffered lost wages and could not afford to continue. Not only could the workers no longer afford to continue, the KCTU and the FKTU had run out of money by this point and did not have the necessary finances to continue the strikes. On February 12 the leaders of the two camps decided to meet in order to hash out a compromise. They met on the 17th but the proposals and recommendations were not solidified
1996–97 strikes in South Korea
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1923 San Pedro maritime strike The 1923 San Pedro maritime strike (also known as the Liberty Hill strike) was, at the time, the biggest challenge to the dominance of the open shop culture of Los Angeles, California until the rise of the Congress of Industrial Organizations in the 1930s. The strike was led by members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, or the "Wobblies") which bottled up shipping in the harbor. One of the largest staged protests during the strike was led by author Upton Sinclair on a small plot of land called Liberty Hill where he was
1923 San Pedro maritime strike
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impeaching Li. Cao then spent several months campaigning for the presidency and even openly declared he would pay $5000 to any parliamentarian who would cast a vote for him. This caused national condemnation against the Zhili clique but did not prevent Cao from being elected in October 1923. In 1923 Wu ruthlessly broke a strike at the important Hankou-Beijing railway by sending in troops to violently suppress the workers and their leaders. The soldiers killed 35 workers and injured many more. Wu's reputation with the Chinese people suffered significantly because of this event, though he gained the favor of British
Wu Peifu
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that Oakes Angier had a temperament well suited for work as manager to the Company workers, and that he was also very knowledgeable to the process of making shovels. His character would serve him well in regards to the strike. His life was an example of integrity and compassion towards workers and other townspeople who sometimes required assistance. Although there had been a few documented instances of dissension among workers before the strike of 1889, none were as well documented, nor did they result in so many workers being let go or disruption in shovel production. In shovel making, it
Oakes Angier Ames
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the financing needed to buy the railway, the remaining coming from the Imperial Bank of China and the Ministry of Finance. The railway was placed under Chinese control on January 1, 1909, and the successful redemption enhanced the prestige of Liang's Communications Clique. The Beijing–Hankou railway workers' strike of 1923, also known as the February 7th strike, was an important event involving this railway. By the end of 1922, 16 workers' unions had been established on the Jing-Han Railway. A ceremony to establish the Federation of Workers' Unions of the Beijing–Hankou Railway was held on February 1, 1923. However, warlord
Beijing–Hankou railway
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a strike was not. In "Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co.", the union engaged in a whipsaw strike: Employees randomly struck different locations of the same employer for a short period of time. The Farmer board declared these "intermittent" strikes "neither a strike nor work" and thus unprotected activity, and upheld the employer's termination of the workers. The majority did not define the term "intermittent strike" in "Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co." nor in two subsequent decisions upholding the ruling. The majority provided no rationale for withdrawing the act's protection of such activity, nor why such activity was so destructive of
Guy Otto Farmer
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forced to agree to a substantial wages increase of eight percent. The strike soon finished. It officially ended on 18 May. In the aftermath of the strike, the German authorities worried that a repeat could occur, arrested 400 workers in September 1942 who they believed to be planning a similar action. Further important strikes did, however, take place in Belgium in November 1942 and February 1943. In the aftermath of the strike and the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union (June 1941) led to the end of the limited toleration of Belgian communists. Lahaut was deported to
Strike of the 100,000
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1923 Kraków riot The 1923 Kraków riot was a violent riot that took place during a strike on 6 November 1923 in Kraków, Poland. The incident is also called the 1923 Kraków uprising, particularly by Marxist sources. Demonstrators took control of the Main Market Square area and disarmed some troops. Eventually troops and police were ordered to fire on the workers, though some soldiers refused. Three armored cars were used, one of which, named "Dziadek" ("Grandpa"), was captured by the workers in the Market Square area. Some 18–30 workers were killed, as well as 14 soldiers. No policemen died, but
1923 Kraków riot
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Terengganu where about 3,000 workers were employed. The tin was shipped to Japan and used as raw material to manufacture weapons. Lim believed that if the workers in the Dungun mine went on strike, the Japanese would suffer a huge loss, so he planned to make the workers go on strike. Around February 1938, Lim travelled to Dungun with Zhuang Huiquan () of the Anxi clan association to carry out their plan. Zhuang went to the mine to persuade the workers to go on strike while Lim contacted the local police and gained their support. By early March, Lim and
Lim Bo Seng
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had said may not be "airwothy". Workers may strike only in relation to bargaining for a new collective agreement (section 86) or "on grounds of health and safety"(section 84). Workers must wait for the old collective agreement to expire before they go on strike. As collective bargaining can only be undertaken by a union, only union members can go on strike. One person cannot go on strike, only a "number of employees" can do so (section 81). Sympathy strikes, Strikes for political purposes, such as human rights in other countries, and General Strikes are all unlawful. Section 82 defines lock-outs.
Employment Relations Act 2000
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earlier than the Flint sit-down strike of 1936-1937. The sit-down strike was used frequently by the rubber workers because of a few reasons. The most important reason for the sit-down strike being used is that it does not allow the factory's management to hire scab workers to continue production, because the sitting workers are occupying the space necessary for the work to be done. Another major reason as to why the sit-down strike was frequently used by the rubber workers was due to management's inability to use force in order to get the striking workers out of the way. Factory
Akron rubber strike of 1936
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the First World War and refused to operate the factory machinery. This resulted in a furious phone call by the then Minister for Munitions Winston Churchill to Mary Macarthur demanding to know why she allowed the workers to stop. Macarthur told Churchill that the women would not go back to work until the tribunal findings had been paid. After 24 hours, the firm relented and back paid the missing wages. Over 2,500 young women went on strike in April 1916 at Greenwood and Batley's leeds factory supported by the NFWW. Their dispute was around the gross differences in pay between
National Federation of Women Workers
10536557
be an effective weapon in some situations. During the 1912 textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the IWW boycotted merchants on Essex Street who were opposed to the strikers. The boycott was successful. In 1923, a boycott "of all California products in ship's stores" was threatened in an effort to have the Criminal Syndicalist Law repealed. The threat, carried out in conjunction with a general strike on the Los Angeles and San Francisco waterfronts, was successful in shutting down the harbors. According to a pamphlet produced by the Industrial Workers of the World, A general strike is a strike involving workers
Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics
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University of London (London School of Economics) in 1923. Mackinder is often credited with introducing two new terms into the English language: "manpower" and "heartland". The Heartland Theory was enthusiastically taken up by the German school of Geopolitik, in particular by its main proponent Karl Haushofer. Geopolitik was later embraced by the German Nazi regime in the 1930s. The German interpretation of the Heartland Theory is referred to explicitly (without mentioning the connection to Mackinder) in "The Nazis Strike", the second of Frank Capra's "Why We Fight" series of American World War II propaganda films. The Heartland Theory and more
Geostrategy
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December, a 15-fold increase. By fall 1922, Germany found itself unable to make reparations payments. The mark was by now practically worthless, making it impossible for Germany to buy foreign exchange or gold using paper marks. Instead, reparations were to be paid in goods such as coal. In January 1923, French and Belgian troops occupied the industrial region of Germany in the Ruhr valley to ensure reparations payments. Inflation was exacerbated when workers in the Ruhr went on a general strike and the German government printed more money to continue paying for their passive resistance. By November 1923, the US
Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic
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with the Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee, the main representative body of the Gdańsk strikers, especially with members Lech Wałęsa and Andrzej Gwiazda, as well as Anna Walentynowicz. Pyka argued that the Strike Committee was illegal, and that it did not represent the workers it claimed to. He was replaced as leader of the commission with Mieczysław Jagielski on August 21. State Polish Radio at the time gave no explanation as to why Pyka was replaced. He was a professor of economics at the Górnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Handlowa in Katowice. He died on May 23, 2009. Tadeusz Pyka Tadeusz Pyka (May 17,
Tadeusz Pyka
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tomorrow and now we have to visit his dead body in the cemetery."Hours after his death his sister, Firouzeh Saber, complained to Radio Farda of three concerns: "First of all, why was he in prison? He had been in prison without having been sentenced. Second, why did a tragedy such as [Sahabi's] death happen, leading [Saber] to go on hunger strike? And third, why were [authorities] so careless that it took them several hours to take him to the hospital" after he complained of chest pains. On 12 June 2011, Reporters Without Borders issued a statement accusing the government of
Hoda Saber
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months the strike disintegrated. The "Federationist", the official publication of the American Federation of Labor, reported that in 1924 the ten leading sugar companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange paid dividends averaging 17 percent. From 1913 to 1923, the eleven leading sugar companies paid cash dividends of 172.45 percent, and most of them issued large stock dividends. After the 1924 strike, the labor movement in Hawaii dwindled, but did not die, and discontent among the workers rarely surfaced again. Pablo Manlapit, who had been imprisoned and exiled, returned to the islands in 1932 and started a new labor
Hanapepe massacre
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any negotiations, ARU called a strike against the factory, but it showed no sign of success. To win the strike, Debs decided to stop the movement of Pullman cars on railroads. The over-the-rail Pullman employees (such as conductors and porters) did not go on strike. Debs and the ARU called a massive boycott against all trains that carried a Pullman car. It affected most rail lines west of Detroit and at its peak involved some 250,000 workers in 27 states. The Railroad brotherhoods and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) opposed the boycott, and the General Managers' Association of the
Pullman Strike
19705743
In 1927, Chiang purged his government of Communists and began to seek U.S. support. Seeking closer relations with China, Secretary of State Kellogg agreed to grant tariff autonomy, meaning that China would have the right to set import duties on American goods. The nation initially did not know what to make of Coolidge, who had maintained a low profile in the Harding administration; many had even expected him to be replaced on the ballot in 1924. The 1923 United Mine Workers coal strike presented an immediate challenge to Coolidge, who avoided attempting to personally end the strike but convened the
Presidency of Calvin Coolidge
19756594
with his Republican Socialist Party and Daniel Salamanca, who established the Genuine Republican Party. Saavedra legalized the right to strike and introduced government arbitration in labour disputes. In 1922 he caused a general strike after banning night taxis. The strikers won and taxi services were resumed and railroad federation was recognized as representative of railroad workers. This did not mean the end of violence. In 1923 a strike by miners in Uncia was repressed by force. A native uprising in altiplano led by Jesus de Machacha was also suppressed in the same year. The tin boom came to end in
1920 Bolivian coup d'état
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they wanted to have. A session of negotiation with CHI Franciscan on Wednesday 12, 2014 ended at 8 P.M with no resolution. It was frustrating the community and the members of Local 1199NW that their negotiation with the CHI Franciscan Health employers did not come to the agreement. Therefore, the union members had no alternative action but to go on strike and stand up for themselves, their patients, and their community. The workers notified CHI Franciscan one week before the strike day that they intended to strike. According to Taft-Hartley Act, the union members required by law to give the
Tacoma nurses strike 2014
428757
In "Meyer v. Nebraska" (1923), the Court stated that the "liberty" protected by the Due Process Clause However, the Court did uphold some economic regulation, such as state Prohibition laws ("Mugler v. Kansas", 1887), laws declaring maximum hours for mine workers ("Holden v. Hardy", 1898), laws declaring maximum hours for female workers ("Muller v. Oregon", 1908), and President Woodrow Wilson's intervention in a railroad strike ("Wilson v. New", 1917), as well as federal laws regulating narcotics ("United States v. Doremus", 1919). The Court repudiated, but did not explicitly overrule, the "freedom of contract" line of cases in "West Coast Hotel
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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Wu Peifu sent his military police to sabotage the meeting. The Federation protested, and decided on a major strike on February 4, 1923, and relocated its office to Jiang'an, in the city of Hankou. The strike took place on February 7. Wu Peifu sent his troops to besiege the Workers' Union of Jiang'an. The chief of the Jiang'an Workers' Union (Lin Xiangqian) was arrested, and subsequently executed. Workers' movements in Changxindian, Zhengzhou, Baoding, and Gaobeidian were also put down. Union members wore badges at the strike – these were inscribed 江岸京漢鐵路工會會員證勞工神聖 (Member's badge of the Jiang'an Jing-Han Railway Union. Labour
Beijing–Hankou railway
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Constable William Thomas Brooks, of the licensing squad, who two years earlier circulated a petition among his fellow officers calling for better conditions. Headed "Comrades and Fellow Workers", it was signed by almost 700 men. The strike was not a Police Association initiative, although the organisation negotiated on behalf of the strikers with the Premier, Harry Lawson. Most of the strikers were constables, many of them returned servicemen. Detectives and senior officers did not participate. After 24 hours the Premier demanded a return to work and promised no victimisation, although there was no promise of meeting the strikers' demands. After
1923 Victorian police strike
18021864
favour of making it more difficult for Tube workers to strike. In the first poll in 2013, 59% agreed that it was too easy for them to go on strike and 14% disagreed. In the second poll in 2014, 56% were in favour of banning Tube strikes unless 50% of eligible union members voted in favour of a strike. A poll for LBC radio found that 65% of people in London did not support the current tube strikes and 16% said they supported them. Amongst the general population, 46% said the August 2015 strikes were unjustified whereas 19% said they
London Underground strikes
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an hour. Later that day the United Workers Association announced that the hunger strike was called off in response to the victory. United Workers Association In 2007 the United Workers Association won its demand for living wages at Camden Yards. On August 15, 2007 the organization announced that 11 workers and 4 allies would go on hunger strike starting September 3, 2007. Governor Martin O'Malley responded by announcing his support of living wages at the stadium, and on September 3, 2007 the hunger strike was postponed, pending an upcoming meeting of the Maryland Stadium Authority. On September 6, 2007 the
United Workers Association
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to worker demands, it marks a long term trend toward unionizing cannery workers. Prior to this strike, cannery workers did not belong to unions or they were organized by small unions such as the American Labor Union. This strike set a precedent for unionizing. While support for the communist CAWIU did not last, cannery workers in Santa Clara, and throughout California, became organized under the AFL. Also, this strike was one of the first among agricultural workers. Workers’ unrest spread quickly to other groups of agricultural workers including pickers and processors throughout California. Santa Clara cannery strike The Santa Clara
Santa Clara cannery strike
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date had been agreed by the UWC some time in advance as they wanted it to coincide with the vote, which they had expected to end in defeat for the hard-line unionist motion. The strike had a slow start with many workers simply going to work anyway, but after a number of workplace meetings, workers began leaving their workplaces after lunchtime. Murray would later admit that the start of the strike had been poorly organised to the extent that on the first day even his own wife asked him why he was not at work. By the end of day
Ulster Workers' Council strike
19471664
were extremely worried that their workplace would close in the near future, and therefore decided to go on strike. The strike had an immensely negative impact on QLT, which in turn, led the management team to negotiate with its employees. The strikers created a list of demands that they were determined to have met, and the organization approved the majority of the workers’ demands. The management team of QLT arranged monthly meetings to be held with workers who were democratically elected to the workers’ committee. The purpose of these meetings was to resolve any further complications after the strike, and
Chinese Golf Factory Workers Strike for Essential Rights
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and unions were permitted by law to act only in an advisory capacity. Most unions in the private sector collected dues from workers but did not succeed in engaging in collective bargaining on their behalf. The constitution provides for the right to strike, and workers sometimes exercised it. In small and medium-sized businesses, workers effectively did not have the ability to strike. With an enormous unemployed labor pool, companies could immediately replace any workers attempting to unionize, collectively bargain, or strike, and companies reportedly did so during the year. The law requires unions to have prior consent and to adhere
Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
10536523
or impede or diminish in any way the right to strike . . . ." While the NLRA protects the right to strike, some strikes do not have legal protection. For example, "[i]f a collective bargaining agreement contains a no-strike clause (the union agrees not to go on strike while the contract is in effect), a strike during the life of the contract would not be protected. The strikers could be fired." Some no-strike clauses, however, have qualifications which protect the workers, for example, if they refuse to perform assigned work that has been struck by other workers. The Industrial
Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics
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dire. While the deficit for 1921 reached £343,171, by 1923, it was at a surplus of £116,926. The high unemployment rate after the war had gradually been reduced, but the wage rates of the majority of government artisan workers, throughout this improving economic situation, had remained stagnant. In 1919, this engendered a railway strike, where the railway workers tried to build alliances with other government workers and persuaded 2,000 workers of the police force to join them in a strike for higher wages. In order to make the railway more financially profitable, railway rates were increased in 1919 and subsequent
Sierra Leone railway strike of 1926
19791405
demands. Two notable demands, for example, is that the Prison Litigation Reform Act be rescinded, and that inmates serving their sentences get their voting rights back, alongside pre-trial detainees, and ex-convicts. This strike lasted until September 9, the same day the first prison strike started, and was supported by the ACLU. Despite the strike ending on September 9, some prisoners continue to go on strike. Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee The Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee (IWOC) is a project of the Industrial Workers of the World. Its purpose is to unionize incarcerated individuals, and to end unfree prison labour, which the
Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee
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Pacific Northwest lumber strike The 1935 Pacific Northwest lumber strike was an industry-wide labor strike organized by the Northwest Council of Sawmill and Timber Workers' Union (STWU). The strike lasted for more than three and a half months and paralyzed much of the lumber industry in Northern California, Oregon and Washington State. Although the striking workers only achieved part of their demands, the repercussions of the long and often violent strike were felt for decades. Over the next several years, a newly radicalized and militant generation of lumber workers would go on to spark several more industry-wide strikes. The 1935
Pacific Northwest lumber strike
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federal workers strike. A fearful Congress passed legislation in 1946 depriving federal workers of their salaries if they belonged to any union which advocated the right of federal workers to strike, and which required them to sign affidavits that they did not belong to any union which did. In 1947, Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act, which made it illegal for federal employees to strike and penalized them with immediate dismissal. A third federal law, passed in 1955, made it illegal for federal workers to strike, advocate the right to strike, or belong to any organization which advocated the right for
United Public Workers of America
18817848
to flourish” and that the employers did not suffer much of a loss. Some employers were able to wait out the strike, because they had enough stock on hand. Others simply moved the manufacturing process to a different state. "The New York Times", the "New-York Tribune", and "The New York Sun" reported the rough and unfair treatment of the strikers in the streets. The police pushed striking women down, causing a pregnant striker to go into premature labor. They also evicted presumed leaders from their homes as a warning to other tenement workers. The strike ended in February 1878. They
Cigar makers strike of 1877
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unions. Moreover, migrant workers are banned from going on strike. Dozens of workers were deported in 2014 for going on strike. As migrant workers do not have the right to join a trade union or go on strike, they don't have the means to denounce the exploitation they suffer. Those who protest risk prison and deportation. The International Trade Union Confederation has called on the United Nations to investigate evidence that thousands of migrant workers in the UAE are treated as slave labour. In 2013, police arrested a US citizen and some UAE citizens, in connection with a YouTube parody
United Arab Emirates
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customers, who are usually the rich of the city and who keep telling him that good workers do not go on strike, and that strikes are the handiwork of low-class elements. Pinto gets angry with the supposedly wrong attitudes of the workers who he assumes go on strike under any pretext. However, when Pinto's father, who is a mill worker is abused by the low-class elements hired by the mill owners, he realizes that it is not the workers, but the capitalists who should be blamed for the plight of the workers. He also realizes the legitimacy of strikes. Towards
Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai
4700839
a docker in Liverpool and a union organiser. In 1907, he was sent to Belfast as local organiser of the British-based National Union of Dock Labourers (NUDL). While in Belfast, Larkin organised a strike of dock and transport workers. It was also in Belfast that Larkin began to use the tactic of the sympathetic strike, in which workers, who were not directly involved in an industrial dispute with employers, would go on strike in support of other workers who were. The Belfast strike was moderately successful and boosted Larkin's standing among Irish workers. However, his tactics were highly controversial and,
Dublin lock-out
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strike for agricultural workers resulted in the CAWIU essentially being extinguished by 1934. Japanese farmers would go on to play a similar middleman role in the Venice Celery Strike in 1936 and in the rise of the Nisei Farmers League in the 1970s. El Monte berry strike of 1933 The El Monte berry strike began on June 1, 1933 in El Monte, California. It was part of the largest California agricultural strike of 1933, organized by the Cannery and Agricultural Workers’ International Union (CAWIU). The berry strike affected local Japanese farm owners and growers. The strike took place in the
El Monte berry strike of 1933
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supply ice during the trawling strike and join the picket line. In the end shoreworkers received no concessions after the strike along with the fishermen. In the end the UFAWU was decertified at the Co-op, losing its salmon and herring contracts as well as shoreworkers coverage when the strike was called off at the end of july. The Prince Rupert fall out was enormous and caused two of the UFAWU leaders Homer Stevens and Steve Stavenes to go to jail for acting against court orders to force its members back to work. The strike however did give the rest of
United Fishermen and Allied Workers' Union
19471783
2011 Rwandan textile workers strike On February 14, 2011, In Kigali, Rwanda more than 500 workers at the UTEXRWA textile factory began a six-day long strike in protest of unfair working conditions that started when new management came into power. The strikers (Strike Action) were protesting low wages of Rwandan Franc RWF15,800 (US$27) a month, lack of annual leave, non-paid overtime, and poor working and health conditions. The strikers were also protesting for thirty-three employees that were previously let go with little explanation. The strike was an act of nonviolence but it could also be looked at under the paradox
2011 Rwandan textile workers strike
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demonstrations assumed a mass character. The strike against poor wages and working conditions overnight became a workers' revolution for democratic rights. On 17 June, Soviet tanks had to restore order. This failure delayed German unification and contributed to the fall of Beria. It started when 60 construction workers building the showpiece Stalin-Allee in East Berlin went on strike on 16 June 1953, to demand a reduction in recent work-quota increases. They called for a general strike the next day, 17 June. The general strike and protest marches turned into rioting and spread throughout East Germany. The East German police failed
History of Berlin
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and the Wuchang-Changsha section in 1918. Work on the last section between Zhuzhou and Shaoguan began in 1929 and was finally completed in 1936. On 7 February 1923, workers of the Beijing-Wuhan Railway Workers' association launched a massive strike demanding better workers' rights and protesting oppression by warlords. The strike organized by Shi Yang and Lin Xiangqian was an early example of worker mobilization by the Communist Party of China. From north to south: Currently, the nonstop Beijing–Kowloon "Jingjiu" through train operates on this line. Prior to 2003, this train called at stops along the route before they were eliminated
Beijing–Guangzhou railway
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the strikes, supported by some in the SPD, spread from Berlin to other cities and regions, such as Hamburg, Lusatia, Saxony Province as well as the states of Saxony and Thuringia. Factories were occupied by communist workers and factory managements sent fleeing. In the Ruhr Region, there was passive resistance rather than strikes. The response to the strike surpassed even the expectations of the leadership of the KPD. In total, three-and-a-half million workers went on strike indirectly forcing Cuno and his cabinet to resign on 11 August. With the Cuno resignation on 11 August 1923, the strikes soon ended. Workers
Cuno strikes
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such as the 10 May (anniversary of the German invasion), 21 July (National Day) and 11 November (anniversary of the German surrender in World War I). The largest was the so-called "Strike of the 100,000", which broke out on 10 May 1941 in the Cockerill steel works in Seraing. News of the strike spread rapidly and soon at least 70,000 workers came out on strike across the province of Liège. The Germans increased workers' salaries by eight percent and the strike finished rapidly. Future large-scale strikes were repressed by the Germans, although further important strikes occurred in November 1942 and
Belgian Resistance
2434989
Great Depression would ultimately bring it back to life. The Great Railroad Strike of 1922, a nationwide railroad shop workers strike, began on July 1. The immediate cause of the strike was the Railroad Labor Board's announcement that hourly wages for railway repair and maintenance workers would be cut by seven cents on July 1. This cut, which represented an average 12% wage decrease for the affected workers, prompted a shop workers vote on whether or not to strike. The operators' union did not join in the strike, and the railroads employed strikebreakers to fill three-fourths of the roughly 400,000
Labor history of the United States
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strike tactic among many ascribed to the IWW. However, it doesn't appear that the Industrial Workers of the World often used the expression "silent strike." One exception was a 1911 report from Frank Little to the "Industrial Worker" on his time working with California farmworkers. "We have the silent strike on... The slave drivers are wild—the slaves won't work as hard as they want them to." A definition of silent strike is offered in a book about the Filipino sugar strike of 1924-1925: ...employees who do not receive the wages demanded will go on a silent strike, staying on the
Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics
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Eventually 300,000 people joined in the strike, bringing much of the city to a halt and catching the Germans by surprise. Though the Germans immediately took measures to suppress the strike, which had grown spontaneously as other workers followed the example of the tram drivers, it still spread to other areas, including Zaanstad, Kennemerland in the west, Bussum, Hilversum and Utrecht in the east and the south. The strike did not last long. By 27 February, much of it had been suppressed by the German police. Although ultimately unsuccessful, it was significant in that it was the first and only
February strike
3377988
a job there as a pediatrician. At first glance, Eden-Olympia seems the ideal workers' paradise, but beneath its glittering, glass-wall surface, all is not well. For if things are running smoothly, then why are all the residents – these well-established businessmen, doctors, architects, and producers – all suffering heavily from stress and insomnia? And why did Jane's predecessor, the well-liked and apparently quite sane David Greenwood, go to work one day with an assault rifle strapped over his shoulders, murdering several of his friends and co-workers, before he put the rifle to his own head? Quickly bored with life in
Super-Cannes
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was intended as a 24-hour stoppage. However, the strike continued after temporary workers were hired to clear the backlog of undelivered mail. By 5 September the industrial action had spread with a quarter of the country's postal workers on strike, and by the time an agreement was reached the following week, the strike had spread throughout the British mainland (workers in Northern Ireland did not strike). No mail was being delivered by this point and, in order to ease the backlog of post, bosses at Royal Mail placed an embargo on the delivery of overseas mail. By the time the
1988 United Kingdom postal workers strike
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favored the Bakery and Confectionery Workers International Union with the AFL. The chocolate workers’ new contract under the AFL gave them an increase in overtime rates, paid vacations, and a procedure for arbitrating grievances. Milton Hershey was deeply affected by the strike. He saw an end to the utopian-like quality of Hershey, PA. He recognized that workers who had battled each other, would now have to go back to work with each other. The innocence that once surrounded the Hershey Corporation was lost. The Hershey Chocolate Workers’ Strike is notable because of its historical timing. The chocolate strike came in
Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937
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area. On 14 November COSATU announced that the strike was suspended but workers continued with their strike. The next day, most farmworkers remained on strike. This led to a split between the Food and Allied Workers Union (FAWU), which is affiliated with COSATU, and the leadership of COSATU in the Western Cape with the former opting to support the farmworkers in defying COSATU's agreement with government. According to the "Daily Maverick", Cosatu did not have a democratic mandate to call off the strike on 4 December 2010. The strike was resumed in January 2013. It was, again, accompanied by considerable
Western Cape 2012 Farm Workers' strike
18452213
5,000 men on the east coast and probably 1,500 locally, with estimates at San Pedro ranging as high as 3,000. It had little effect at other Western ports, however, though a number of Pacific Coast lumberjacks and oil workers participated and the independent Federation of Marine Transport Workers joined with the Wobblies. Members of the Sailors Union of the Pacific refused to support the strike, not only because it was IWW-inspired, but also because they were already "working the oracle" or, in other words, conducting a slowdown with some success. The strike itself was a peculiar combination of an ordinary
1923 San Pedro maritime strike
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unity of the workers by allegedly enlisting the support of Dalits and Indian Christians who had not joined the strike. The abstention of Dalit workers from the strike was severely criticized by the Raja of Panagal, the Chief Minister of Madras Presidency and O. Thanikachalam Chetti. The strike gradually evolved into a confrontation between caste Hindu and Muslim workers who were determined to continue the strike on one hand, and Dalits and Indian Christians who did not participate in the strike on the other. A communal riot broke out on 28 June 1921 when a caste Hindu mob attacked the
1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills strike
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of workers' lost property, etc. - within two days, otherwise the association would implement a full strike of workers along the entire Jinghan railway. Shi Yang and Lin Xiangqian were chosen as leaders of the strike in the Jiang'an area, and they returned to Wuhan by train after the meeting. The following days saw more workers' meetings to organize actions. On February 4, the Beijing-Wuhan Association issued the order to go on strike, and Yang instructed all Wuhan-area members to comply. On the afternoon of February 7, Xiao Yaonan, the military general who controlled most of Hubei Province, began using
Shi Yang
10120723
a general strike. Leaflets calling for the strike were printed, and distributed clandestinely throughout the country by resistants. On August 31, 1942, the strike officially began in the northern Ardennes town of Wiltz with a gathering of local Luxembourg town officials, led by local town officials Michel Worré and Nicolas Müller, refusing to go to work. These were gradually joined by other local workers, among them the employees of IDEAL Lederwerke Wiltz, a large industrial tannery belonging to the Adler & Oppenheimer group before "aryanisation". News on the strike spread rapidly. Soon thereafter, workers from the southwestern industrial towns of
1942 Luxembourgish general strike
13484171
general strike as in response to government militarization of the railways (ordered in order to end a month-long strike of the railway workers) and other restrictions. Workers clashed with the police, but the situation didn't progress further on that day. Another large workers demonstration begun in late morning of 6 November, resulting in events described in some sources as "Bloody Tuesday". It all started when the protesters approached "Worker's House", located at Dunajewskiego Street, where a demonstration was planned for that day. However, the House was locked, and in front of it were the police, some of them with rifles
1923 Kraków riot
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in Beijing on November 11, 1927. Wang Hebo Wang Hebo () (1882–November 11, 1927), whose forebears had come from Taiyuan, Shanxi, born in Minhou, Fujian, joined the CPC in June 1922. He led the strike of the Tianjin–Pukou Railway workers in 1923, which effectively supported the General Strike of February 7. Later, he led labor movements in Nanjing, Shanghai, Henan and some other areas. He was one of the leaders of the Third Armed Uprising of Shanghai Workers. He took charge of the revolutionary movements of peasants and workers in the northern provinces as the secretary-general of the Northern Office
Wang Hebo
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board did not agree with the requirements of the workers. Learning of this, the workers went on strike again on August 16, insisting on meeting their requirements. They were supported by workers of Burko’s tannery, shoe factory of Levkovskiy, furniture factories «Wojciech-Vienna» and Mezhirichera. The strike was attended by about 1500 workers of different enterprises in the city. Authorities to suppress the strike brought the troops, and only at gunpoint on August 17 resumed work. The administration promised to plant in a timely manner to inform workers about the fix rates for piecework. July 20, 1904 workers at the plant
Berdichev machine-building plant
8841708
Vancouver and District Waterfront Workers' Association The Vancouver and District Waterfront Association was the union for longshoremen working on Vancouver's waterfront between 1923 and 1935. It was established as a company union by the Shipping Federation of British Columbia after it defeated a strike and broke the local of the International Longshoremen's Association that previously represented the longshoremen. Agitators from the Communist Party of Canada were elected to the union executive in 1933, linking it to the Workers' Unity League and thus transformed it into a militant union. The VDWWA was itself broken in 1935 after another waterfront strike in
Vancouver and District Waterfront Workers' Association
8841709
Vancouver. Vancouver and District Waterfront Workers' Association The Vancouver and District Waterfront Association was the union for longshoremen working on Vancouver's waterfront between 1923 and 1935. It was established as a company union by the Shipping Federation of British Columbia after it defeated a strike and broke the local of the International Longshoremen's Association that previously represented the longshoremen. Agitators from the Communist Party of Canada were elected to the union executive in 1933, linking it to the Workers' Unity League and thus transformed it into a militant union. The VDWWA was itself broken in 1935 after another waterfront strike
Vancouver and District Waterfront Workers' Association
17219363
were dismissed the year before. On 26 November 2012, up to 171 bus drivers from mainland China, who were employed by SMRT Buses, refused to go to work in protest against the disparity in salary between them and other foreign bus captains. 88 workers carried the strike into the next day by continuing the refusal to go to work. The strike was considered illegal due to the strikers' failure to give their employer 14 days' notice of their intent to go on strike, which was required by law for essential services such as transport. The strike resulted in five of
Labour movement of Singapore
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permit random firings. Abbas also criticized requirements that protests be approved by the General Federation of Trade Unions (GFTU). He said, "Workers go on strike to improve their material conditions. They are not staging a play. They are not rehearsing for some media circus. And they should not be forced to strike within the straitjacket of a preset timetable. This defeats the purpose of the strike because it limits the workers' bargaining power." In June 2005 Abbas commented on legal issues dealing with the Al-Amrya Weaving and Textile Company. He said, "The distinction between public and private sector workers will
Kamal Abbas
16911529
Kurt Gustav Wilckens Kurt Gustav Wilckens (1886-1923) was a militant German anarchist, known in Argentina for having avenged the massacre of hundreds of workers on strike in the repression unleashed by the Argentine government in response to the prolonged labor uprising later known as Patagonia rebelde/Rebel Patagonia (or The Patagonia Uprising). Wilckens assassinated Lieutenant Colonel Héctor Benigno Varela, the military leader in charge of the brutal repression. The son of August Wilckens and Johanna Harms, he was born on November 3, 1886 in Bad Bramstedt, Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. He studied gardening, entering into military service in 1906 in
Kurt Gustav Wilckens
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did this admitted openly that they could be hired for about 50% less wages than a man. In the aftermath of the strike, employers found the instruction of young girls in cigar making “extremely effective”. Cigars bearing a band stating: ”These cigars were made by American girls” proved to be very popular. "The Daily Alta", a California newspaper, reported in December 1877 that the cigar makers strike didn’t make much of a difference. The skilled workers came back, and the Bohemians “who can only produce a very poor cigar” were let go. The newspaper reported that strikes “do not seem
Cigar makers strike of 1877
9571054
Edwards was dismissed from his job at the quarry, due to refusing to rejoin the quarryworkers' union after strike action. In 1923, Edwards became secretary of the Penmaenmawr branch of the Transport and General Workers' Union, which allowed him to meet with other union leaders. In 1927, he was elected to Penmaenmawr council. He was appointed the first chair of the Council for Wales and Monmouthshire in 1949. He was in favour of a Welsh Parliament but initially did not support the Parliament for Wales campaign in the early 1950s although later he did join the campaign. He opposed the
Huw T. Edwards
16596294
Following the success in Southern California, on 8 September 1965 the Agriculture Workers Organizing Committee voted to strike against grape growers in Delano, California, where the grape season starts in September. This strike became the first time Mexican workers, due to the decision of Cesar Chavez, did not break a strike of Filipinos; later, on 16 September 1965, Chavez's National Farm Workers Association joined the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee on the picket lines. These strikes occurred around the same time when younger Filipino Americans began a period of political self-reflection and awakening. The Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee and National Farm
Larry Itliong
17321844
Chamber of Commerce asking for a wage increase for cantaloupe workers. The Mexican Mutual Aid Society would be the main driving force behind the Lettuce Strike and would lead the strike for the early portion in an attempt to obtain better working conditions and better pay for its Mexican members. On January 1, 1930 the Imperial Valley Lettuce Strike began. Multitudes of Mexican and Filipino lettuce pickers walked off the job protesting declining wages and horrible working conditions. Roughly 5,000 workers would spontaneously walk off their jobs and go on strike. The Mexican Mutual Aid Society saw this opportunity to
Imperial Valley lettuce strike of 1930
12287089
did not become publicly involved in the strike until the fifth day. He issued no press releases, made no speeches, and pledged no support. When Horan finally did make a statement, he pledged to lead all building workers nationwide out on strike in support of the New York City workers. His statement was considered so preposterous, however, that a day later he withdrew his promise and said that BSEIU would merely pledge "unlimited" funds to support the strike (yet another claim few believed). On the sixth day of the strike it became clear that George Scalise and not Jerry Horan
Jerry Horan
2227363
intervention by soldiers. On 9 September 700 workers at Tehran's main oil refinery went on strike, and on 11 September the same occurred at refineries in 5 other cities. On 13 September, central government workers in Tehran simultaneously went on strike. By late October, a nationwide general strike was declared, with workers in virtually all major industries walking off their jobs, most damagingly in the oil industry and the print media. Special "strike committees" were set up throughout major industries to organize and coordinate the activities. The Shah did not attempt to crack down on strikers, but instead gave them
Iranian Revolution
363667
occupations cannot explain why only a minority of workers in those jobs became syndicalists or why in some professions workers in different locations had vastly different patterns of organization. The small size of many syndicalist unions also makes observations about which workers joined statistically irrelevant. Syndicalism came to be seen as a viable strategy because the general strike became a practical possibility. Although it had been advocated before, there were not sufficient numbers of wage workers to bring society to a standstill and they had not achieved a sufficient degree of organization and solidarity until the 1890s, according van der
Syndicalism
18021865
were justified according to a YouGov poll. The government has proposed to raise the strike threshold so that a strike can only take place if there is a 50% turnout and, in the case of core public services (Health, Education, Transport & Fire Services), if 40% of eligible workers are in favour. This change would make it more difficult for Tube workers to go on strike. London Underground strikes London Underground employees organised by the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) and Transport Salaried Staffs' Association (TSSA) have had a number of disputes with both London Underground
London Underground strikes
2968425
Telephone Operators Department of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. While initially successful at organizing, the union was damaged by a 1923 strike and subsequent AT&T lockout. After AT&T installed company-controlled Employees' Committees, the Telephone Operators Department eventually disbanded. The CWA's roots lie in the 1938 reorganization of telephone workers into the National Federation of Telephone Workers after the Wagner Act outlawed such employees' committees or company unions. NFTW was a federation of sovereign local independent unions that lacked authority over the affiliated local unions leaving it at a serious organizational disadvantage. After losing a strike with AT&T in 1947,
Communications Workers of America
17254744
requested increase of 25-cents. The workers decided to hold out for the remaining 20-cents. Tuesday May 7, 1968, fifty-two sanitation workers were fired by Andrews for refusing to go to work, as an agreement had not yet been reached by Andrews and strike leaders during negotiations. In the meantime, garbage went uncollected throughout St. Petersburg. The "special raise" offered to sanitation workers of 5-cents an hour angered other departments, as a result, Andrews agreed to increase wages for 958 city employees by the same amount the sanitation workers would receive pending a settlement. Meanwhile, garbage continued to go uncollected. Thursday
St. Petersburg sanitation strike of 1968
8255955
v Flood" (1897). "Lumley" did not concern trade unions, but invented a new legal principle. An actress, Miss Wagner, had been engaged by Mr. Lumley to sing at Her Majesty's Theatre. Mr. Gye, who ran Covent Garden Theatre, procured her to break her contract with Mr. Lumley by promising to pay her more. He was held liable to Mr. Lumley for inducing a breach of contract. This is a principle readily applicable to union situations. In the case of a strike, a union effectively persuades or decides for workers to go on strike, in breach of their contracts with employers.
Trade Disputes Act 1906
18408699
were involved in the strike. During the strike, UPS losses were over $600 million. Carey said regarding the strike, "People will be celebrating our victory over corporate greed. This fight with UPS shows what working people can accomplish when they all stick together. The UPS workers stood up to throw away worker approach and the nation's working people stood behind us. And now we're going to go out there to other workers who want to fight for that great American dream." During the strike, the Teamster Union had paid out around $10 million to workers manning the picket lines. After
United Parcel Service strike of 1997
10299788
United Workers Association In 2007 the United Workers Association won its demand for living wages at Camden Yards. On August 15, 2007 the organization announced that 11 workers and 4 allies would go on hunger strike starting September 3, 2007. Governor Martin O'Malley responded by announcing his support of living wages at the stadium, and on September 3, 2007 the hunger strike was postponed, pending an upcoming meeting of the Maryland Stadium Authority. On September 6, 2007 the Maryland Stadium Authority voted to pay cleaners the Maryland state living wage rate of $11.30 an hour, up from the current $7.00
United Workers Association
9480011
action against the postal employees. Authorities were unsure of how to proceed. Union leaders pleaded with the workers to return to their jobs. The government was hesitant to arrest strike leaders for fear of arousing sympathy among other workers, and because of popular support for the strikers. The strike crippled the nation's mail system. The stock market fell due to the strike's effect on trading volume. Some feared that the stock market would have to close entirely. Nixon spoke to the nation again on March 23, asking the workers to go back to their jobs and announcing that he would
U.S. postal strike of 1970
18458067
both the operators and track layers on the strike the goal was to disrupt the completion of the track in time for President Theodore Roosevelt’s visit. The disruption was supposed to force Huntington to succumb to the demands of the workers and grant them their wage increase. The motorman and conductors were all to go on strike at 7:30 PM. However, at the proposed hour only twelve of the 764 street car workers walked off the job. The operators were intimidated by Huntington who gave an ultimatum, anyone that goes on strike would be fired indefinitely. The railroad company also
Pacific Electric Railway strike of 1903
15306472
Los Angeles Harbor". Wedge preached to the longshoremen each noon and on Sundays without any compensation. By 1923 Wedge had resigned as the pastor of the Congregational Church on Terminal Island. In July 1922 Wedge joined the Marine Transport Workers Industrial Union 510 in San Pedro, California and became a longshoreman. While working as a longshoreman, Wedge joined the Industrial Workers of the World. During the April 1923 San Pedro strike, Wedge addressed about 2,000 strikers at the May Day rally organized by the IWW at Fourth and Beacon Streets, San Pedro. Wedge was one of 26 arrested when the
Frederick Wedge
17832318
the middle of a massive wave of CIO strikes and specifically sit-down strikes. In March 1937, the sit-down strikes prominence peaked. There were sit-down strikes in 170 occupations, involving 167,210 workers. The Hershey strikers were organizing around the same time as the famous strike at the General Motors Corporation in Flint, Michigan, although it did not gain the same momentum. Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937 Hershey, Pennsylvania witnessed a six-day sit-down strike of workers at the Hershey Chocolate Corporation in 1937. The strike ended in violence, as dairy workers and loyal Hershey employees stormed the factory to force out strikers.
Pennsylvania chocolate workers' strike, 1937
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album, "Where Did Our Love Go", released later that year. A German language version of the song was recorded by the Supremes for German-speaking markets overseas. The song seemed to strike a chord in the United States, with a group which would become the most successful chart-topping American popular music group of the 1960s. The first of their American chart toppers, the song peaked just weeks after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, critically remarked as capturing the spirit of an America reeling from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, racial tension, increased United States involvement
Where Did Our Love Go
3870173
Food & Commercial Workers joined with several Walmart workers with a plan to go on strike on Black Friday at several stores nationwide in protest to low pay, an increase in health insurance premiums, and not being given the option to have the day off or having Thanksgiving off. Walmart has countered this by saying that the strike is illegal due to the union not being sanctioned by the company, and that the striking workers are a small minority of the company's workforce, with the vast majority of workers willing and ready to work the retail industry's busiest day of
Criticism of Walmart
7867946
pay and long hours, NHS staff were not prone to outbreaks of collective protest in the 1950s and 1960s. With the exception of an overtime ban and work-to-rule by administrative staff in 1957, organised by NALGO, and a go-slow by laundry workers in Carshalton in 1950, the NHS had little formal workplace conflict. Groups of miners, printers, dockers and car workers did stage a one-hour strike in solidarity with nurses' claims for pay increase in 1962, but the nurses' professional organisation the Royal College of Nursing repudiated their actions and generally preferred to trade on respectability rather than militancy. At
History of the National Health Service
14965443
Milk strike The milk strike () was a strike in Nazi-occupied Oslo on 8 and 9 September 1941. It led to strong reprisals from the German occupiers, in the form of martial law, court-martial, mass arrests, two executions and several long-term jail sentences. The strike started among workers at the shipyard Akers mekaniske verksted and the industry site Christiania Spigerverk, as a spontaneous protest against the milk rationing announced on 8 September 1941. The workers lost their daily quota of milk, which had been given to them until then. The protests spread to other companies. On 9 September the number
Milk strike