REFLECTION - VISUALIZATION 

 CHALLENGE SELECTION 

 The first tool used is Visualization tool to understand the given problem in a   easy way . Visualization or visualisation   is any technique for   creating images , diagrams , or animations to communicate a message .   Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to   communicate both abstract and concrete ideas since the dawn of humanity .   Examples from history include cave paintings , Egyptian hieroglyphs ,   Greek geometry , and Leonardo da Vinci 's revolutionary methods of   technical drawing for engineering and scientific purposes . 

 Visualization today has ever - expanding applications in science , education ,   engineering ( e.g. , product visualization ) , interactive multimedia , medicine ,     etc . Typical of a visualization application is the field of computer graphics .   The invention of computer graphics ( and 3D computer graphics ) may be the   most important development in visualization since the invention of central   perspective in the Renaissance period . The development of animation also   helped advance visualization . 

 APPLICATION 

 Scientific visualization 

 As a subject in computer science , scientific visualization is the use of   interactive , sensory representations , typically visual , of abstract data to   reinforce cognition , hypothesis building , and reasoning . Scientific   visualization is the transformation , selection , or representation of data from   simulations or experiments , with an implicit or explicit geometric structure ,   to allow the exploration , analysis , and understanding of the data . Scientific   visualization focuses and emphasizes the representation of higher order data   using primarily graphics and animation techniques.[5][6 ] It is a very   important part of visualization and maybe the first one , as the visualization   of experiments and phenomena is as old as science itself . Traditional areas of   scientific visualization are flow visualization , medical   visualization , astrophysical visualization , and chemical visualization . There   are several different techniques to visualize scientific data , with isosurface   reconstruction and direct volume rendering being the more common . 

 Data visualization 

 Data visualization is a related subcategory of visualization dealing   with statistical graphics and geospatial data that is abstracted in schematic   form . 

 Educational visualization 

 Educational visualization is using a simulation to create an image of   something so it can be taught about . This is very useful when teaching about   a topic that is difficult to otherwise see , for example , atomic structure ,   because atoms are far too small to be studied easily without expensive and   difficult to use scientific equipment . 

 Knowledge visualization 

 The use of visual representations to transfer knowledge between at least two   persons aims to improve the transfer of knowledge by using computer and   non - computer - based visualization methods complementarily.[8 ] Thus   properly designed visualization is an important part of not only data analysis   but knowledge transfer process , too.[9 ] Knowledge transfer may be   significantly improved using hybrid designs as it enhances information   density but may decrease clarity as well . For example , visualization of a   3D scalar field may be implemented using iso - surfaces for field distribution   and textures for the gradient of the field.[10 ] Examples of such visual formats   are sketches , diagrams , images , objects , interactive visualizations ,   information visualization applications , and imaginary visualizations as   in stories . While information visualization concentrates on the use of   computer - supported tools to derive new insights , knowledge visualization   focuses on transferring insights and creating new knowledge in groups .   Beyond the mere transfer of facts , knowledge visualization aims to further   transfer insights , experiences , attitudes , values , expectations , perspectives , op inions , and predictions by using various complementary visualizations . See   also : picture dictionary , visual dictionary 

 Product visualization 

 Product visualization involves visualization software technology for the   viewing and manipulation of 3D models , technical drawing and other related   documentation of manufactured components and large assemblies of   products . It is a key part of product lifecycle management . Product   visualization software typically provides high levels of photorealism so that   a product can be viewed before it is actually manufactured . This supports   functions ranging from design and styling to sales and marketing . Technical 

 visualization is an important aspect of product development .   Originally technical drawings were made by hand , but with the rise of   advanced computer graphics the drawing board has been replaced   by computer - aided design ( CAD ) . CAD - drawings and models have several   advantages over hand - made drawings such as the possibility of 3- D modeling , rapid prototyping , and simulation . 3D product visualization   promises more interactive experiences for online shoppers , but also   challenges retailers to overcome hurdles in the production of 3D content , as   large - scale 3D content production can be extremely costly and time- consuming . 

 Insight and approach 

 The benefits of knowledge visualization are myriad . We briefly highlighted   them earlier in this article , but in this section , we ’ll go into greater depth .   This will help you have a better understanding of why you might want to   incorporate more opportunities for visualizing information into your own   organization .     For instance , knowledge visualization benefits include such things as : 

 1 . Better Understanding – Visualizing knowledge is useful for identifying 

 patterns , outliers , and trends . And of course with this information ,   companies can better predict where their organization , industry , or   market is headed , strategically planning for the future . 

 2 . Improved Recall – You ’re probably familiar with the saying , ―A picture 

 is worth a thousand words.‖ That definitely applies to knowledge   visualization . When concepts are presented to people in a visual way ,   memory retention increases . As a result , knowledge visualization has   been proven to facilitate learning . 

 3 . More Engaging – Imagine you ’ve been presented with two options — 

 either to read a manual explaining a process flow or to actually see that   same process presented visually . If you ’re like most people , you ’d   probably opt for the diagram . Diagrams are usually interesting and fun   to look at . Long , boring manuals , on the other hand ? Not so much . 

 4 . Deeper Insights – Knowledge visualization shows details in context , as 

 well as the relationships among various objects . Because these   relationships are so clearly mapped out in graphic format , more   opportunities exist for ―a - ha‖ moments . 

 5 . Faster Knowledge Transfer – When non - experts need to learn new 

 information fast , diagrams can be especially useful . Say , for instance ,   that a marketing department manager needs to explain to the IT   department exactly what tasks his team performs , because he wants 

 marketing software to streamline their operations . Sometimes , this can   be overwhelming to try to communicate orally or even in writing .   With knowledge visualization , however , the marketing team ’s   processes and workflows can be documented in such a way that the   entire IT team can quickly get up - to - speed . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: REFLECTION - VISUALIZATION 

 CHALLENGE SELECTION 

 The first tool used is Visualization tool to understand the given problem in a   easy way . Visualization or visualisation   is any technique for   creating images , diagrams , or animations to communicate a message .   Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to   communicate both abstract and concrete ideas since the dawn of humanity .   Examples from history include cave paintings , Egyptian hieroglyphs ,   Greek geometry , and Leonardo da Vinci 's revolutionary methods of   technical drawing for engineering and scientific purposes . 

 Visualization today has ever - expanding applications in science , education ,   engineering ( e.g. , product visualization ) , interactive multimedia , medicine ,     etc . Typical of a visualization application is the field of computer graphics .   The invention of computer graphics ( and 3D computer graphics ) may be the   most important development in visualization since the invention of central   perspective in the Renaissance period . The development of animation also   helped advance visualization . 

 APPLICATION 

 Scientific visualization 

 As a subject in computer science , scientific visualization is the use of   interactive , sensory representations , typically visual , of abstract data to   reinforce cognition , hypothesis building , and reasoning . Scientific   visualization is the transformation , selection , or representation of data from   simulations or experiments , with an implicit or explicit geometric structure ,   to allow the exploration , analysis , and understanding of the data . Scientific   visualization focuses and emphasizes the representation of higher order data   using primarily graphics and animation techniques.[5][6 ] It is a very   important part of visualization and maybe the first one , as the visualization   of experiments and phenomena is as old as science itself . Traditional areas of   scientific visualization are flow visualization , medical   visualization , astrophysical visualization , and chemical visualization . There   are several different techniques to visualize scientific data , with isosurface   reconstruction and direct volume rendering being the more common . 

 Data visualization 

 Data visualization is a related subcategory of visualization dealing   with statistical graphics and geospatial data that is abstracted in schematic   form . 

 Educational visualization 

 Educational visualization is using a simulation to create an image of   something so it can be taught about . This is very useful when teaching about   a topic that is difficult to otherwise see , for example , atomic structure ,   because atoms are far too small to be studied easily without expensive and   difficult to use scientific equipment . 

 Knowledge visualization 

 The use of visual representations to transfer knowledge between at least two   persons aims to improve the transfer of knowledge by using computer and   non - computer - based visualization methods complementarily.[8 ] Thus   properly designed visualization is an important part of not only data analysis   but knowledge transfer process , too.[9 ] Knowledge transfer may be   significantly improved using hybrid designs as it enhances information   density but may decrease clarity as well . For example , visualization of a   3D scalar field may be implemented using iso - surfaces for field distribution   and textures for the gradient of the field.[10 ] Examples of such visual formats   are sketches , diagrams , images , objects , interactive visualizations ,   information visualization applications , and imaginary visualizations as   in stories . While information visualization concentrates on the use of   computer - supported tools to derive new insights , knowledge visualization   focuses on transferring insights and creating new knowledge in groups .   Beyond the mere transfer of facts , knowledge visualization aims to further   transfer insights , experiences , attitudes , values , expectations , perspectives , op inions , and predictions by using various complementary visualizations . See   also : picture dictionary , visual dictionary 

 Product visualization 

 Product visualization involves visualization software technology for the   viewing and manipulation of 3D models , technical drawing and other related   documentation of manufactured components and large assemblies of   products . It is a key part of product lifecycle management . Product   visualization software typically provides high levels of photorealism so that   a product can be viewed before it is actually manufactured . This supports   functions ranging from design and styling to sales and marketing . Technical 

 visualization is an important aspect of product development .   Originally technical drawings were made by hand , but with the rise of   advanced computer graphics the drawing board has been replaced   by computer - aided design ( CAD ) . CAD - drawings and models have several   advantages over hand - made drawings such as the possibility of 3- D modeling , rapid prototyping , and simulation . 3D product visualization   promises more interactive experiences for online shoppers , but also   challenges retailers to overcome hurdles in the production of 3D content , as   large - scale 3D content production can be extremely costly and time- consuming . 

 Insight and approach 

 The benefits of knowledge visualization are myriad . We briefly highlighted   them earlier in this article , but in this section , we ’ll go into greater depth .   This will help you have a better understanding of why you might want to   incorporate more opportunities for visualizing information into your own   organization .     For instance , knowledge visualization benefits include such things as : 

 1 . Better Understanding – Visualizing knowledge is useful for identifying 

 patterns , outliers , and trends . And of course with this information ,   companies can better predict where their organization , industry , or   market is headed , strategically planning for the future . 

 2 . Improved Recall – You ’re probably familiar with the saying , ―A picture 

 is worth a thousand words.‖ That definitely applies to knowledge   visualization . When concepts are presented to people in a visual way ,   memory retention increases . As a result , knowledge visualization has   been proven to facilitate learning . 

 3 . More Engaging – Imagine you ’ve been presented with two options — 

 either to read a manual explaining a process flow or to actually see that   same process presented visually . If you ’re like most people , you ’d   probably opt for the diagram . Diagrams are usually interesting and fun   to look at . Long , boring manuals , on the other hand ? Not so much . 

 4 . Deeper Insights – Knowledge visualization shows details in context , as 

 well as the relationships among various objects . Because these   relationships are so clearly mapped out in graphic format , more   opportunities exist for ―a - ha‖ moments . 

 5 . Faster Knowledge Transfer – When non - experts need to learn new 

 information fast , diagrams can be especially useful . Say , for instance ,   that a marketing department manager needs to explain to the IT   department exactly what tasks his team performs , because he wants 

 marketing software to streamline their operations . Sometimes , this can   be overwhelming to try to communicate orally or even in writing .   With knowledge visualization , however , the marketing team ’s   processes and workflows can be documented in such a way that the   entire IT team can quickly get up - to - speed .
### Output: 