APPLICATION OF DESIGN THINKING CONCEPT TO ASSESS THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN RURAL 

 AREAS OF LAGOS 

 Over the past 30years , energy access has been a major challenge for most dwellers in the   rural area of Lagos , Nigeria due to increasing energy demand , increasing population , and   demand for enhanced standard of living . The issue of energy access in Lagos mostly affects   rural settlements as the areas are usually far from the national electricity grid connection .   This research was conducted using the Design Thinking ( DT ) approach to investigate energy   availability and management in rural settlements . The DT methodology consists of six phases   namely , understand , observe , define a point of view , ideate , prototype , and testing . Through   the ‘ understand ’ phase , an intensive literature review was undertaken to assess the feasible   renewable energy resources . In the ‘ observe ’ phase , interviews were conducted in rural   settlements of Lagos . It was found out that cooking is the main energy need and the rural   inhabitants travel up to 10 km to collect firewood . A ‘ point of view ’ ( POV ) statement was then   created to initiate the ideation stage . The ‘ Ideate ’ phase involved using viable technologies   to generate solutions targeted at the profile defined in the POV . A selection matrix was then   used to obtain the best energy solution . Through the ‘ prototyping ’ phase , a concept model   biogas digester was designed for rural settlements . This paper reports on the first 4 stages   of DT methodology .     UNDERSTAND & OBSERVE   The initial phase of the Design Thinking process ‘ Understand ’ , conceptualizes the energy problem   facing in rural communities in Lagos . This phase identifies the core energy needs of the people   by establishing the perspective of human - centered problem solving .      It was observed that :     • Paraffin is used for lighting and it is purchased from filling stations as far as 10 km away .   • Dry firewood which is collected from local wooded areas is employed for cooking and heating        purposes .   • The rural dwellers are interested in solar technology ,   • The people are willing to use community - wide payment methods for a product that will solve       their electricity problems ,     Define point of view ( Pov )   The purpose of the customers ’ Point of View ( POV ) is to bring clarity to the complex problem . The   insights from the previous phase aids in breaking down the complex problem into smaller and   more manageable questions . Defining a POV involves synthesising the interview results . The   developed POV will be based upon insights of one customer who uses solar power technology   for operating a radio and charging her phone , spends most of the day picking firewood for   heating and cooking , and uses paraffin and candles for lighting . The POV is to provide the 

 customer with a life changing experience by incorporating renewable energy , which she is   familiar with , into her daily life in an efficient , healthy , and economical manner     Ideation   The Ideate phase of the Design Thinking model involves using viable technology to generate   solutions targeted at the profile defined in the POV . The POV aids in the process of idea   generation to solving the problem . The ideation phase explores various ideas in line with the POV   by using ‘ What if ’’ questions in conjunction with technological literature .   The ideation technique   that is key for consideration are as follow :    • How to help the customer not to travel long distance for her energy needs ?   • How to help the customer to use renewable energy for her energy needs ?     Based on the insights from the observation and POV phase two matrices were crated to assist in   decision - making . Through research into the various renewable energy sources , biogas   production using cow dung was selected as the best viable option for the customer ’s cooking   energy needs .      Conclusion   People living in rural areas rely on solid fuels for energy provision for daily activities . The   continued use of solid fuels such as fuelwood has been reported to have detrimental health   effects on children and women . The Design Thinking process is a resourceful approach to   understand the challenges of energy provision experienced by people living in rural areas and   identify alternative energy solutions . The process enables creativity and critical analytical thinking   to identify a feasible and clean energy alternative to solid fuels for people living in rural areas .   The Design Thinking process comprises six phases , namely , understand , observe , define ,   ideation , prototyping , and testing .      The ‘ ideation ’ phase found possible clean energy solutions considering environmental impact   and easy access to resources . Through a matrix analysis of the energy solutions , community   biogas production with solar lighting was the best probable energy solution . The major   advantage for biogas production is the availability of abundant cow dung that is a raw material   for biodigestion . The remaining stages of Design Thinking will be used to complete the synthesis   of a solar energy plant and central biogas generation unit . The report will be presented in a future   communication . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: APPLICATION OF DESIGN THINKING CONCEPT TO ASSESS THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN RURAL 

 AREAS OF LAGOS 

 Over the past 30years , energy access has been a major challenge for most dwellers in the   rural area of Lagos , Nigeria due to increasing energy demand , increasing population , and   demand for enhanced standard of living . The issue of energy access in Lagos mostly affects   rural settlements as the areas are usually far from the national electricity grid connection .   This research was conducted using the Design Thinking ( DT ) approach to investigate energy   availability and management in rural settlements . The DT methodology consists of six phases   namely , understand , observe , define a point of view , ideate , prototype , and testing . Through   the ‘ understand ’ phase , an intensive literature review was undertaken to assess the feasible   renewable energy resources . In the ‘ observe ’ phase , interviews were conducted in rural   settlements of Lagos . It was found out that cooking is the main energy need and the rural   inhabitants travel up to 10 km to collect firewood . A ‘ point of view ’ ( POV ) statement was then   created to initiate the ideation stage . The ‘ Ideate ’ phase involved using viable technologies   to generate solutions targeted at the profile defined in the POV . A selection matrix was then   used to obtain the best energy solution . Through the ‘ prototyping ’ phase , a concept model   biogas digester was designed for rural settlements . This paper reports on the first 4 stages   of DT methodology .     UNDERSTAND & OBSERVE   The initial phase of the Design Thinking process ‘ Understand ’ , conceptualizes the energy problem   facing in rural communities in Lagos . This phase identifies the core energy needs of the people   by establishing the perspective of human - centered problem solving .      It was observed that :     • Paraffin is used for lighting and it is purchased from filling stations as far as 10 km away .   • Dry firewood which is collected from local wooded areas is employed for cooking and heating        purposes .   • The rural dwellers are interested in solar technology ,   • The people are willing to use community - wide payment methods for a product that will solve       their electricity problems ,     Define point of view ( Pov )   The purpose of the customers ’ Point of View ( POV ) is to bring clarity to the complex problem . The   insights from the previous phase aids in breaking down the complex problem into smaller and   more manageable questions . Defining a POV involves synthesising the interview results . The   developed POV will be based upon insights of one customer who uses solar power technology   for operating a radio and charging her phone , spends most of the day picking firewood for   heating and cooking , and uses paraffin and candles for lighting . The POV is to provide the 

 customer with a life changing experience by incorporating renewable energy , which she is   familiar with , into her daily life in an efficient , healthy , and economical manner     Ideation   The Ideate phase of the Design Thinking model involves using viable technology to generate   solutions targeted at the profile defined in the POV . The POV aids in the process of idea   generation to solving the problem . The ideation phase explores various ideas in line with the POV   by using ‘ What if ’’ questions in conjunction with technological literature .   The ideation technique   that is key for consideration are as follow :    • How to help the customer not to travel long distance for her energy needs ?   • How to help the customer to use renewable energy for her energy needs ?     Based on the insights from the observation and POV phase two matrices were crated to assist in   decision - making . Through research into the various renewable energy sources , biogas   production using cow dung was selected as the best viable option for the customer ’s cooking   energy needs .      Conclusion   People living in rural areas rely on solid fuels for energy provision for daily activities . The   continued use of solid fuels such as fuelwood has been reported to have detrimental health   effects on children and women . The Design Thinking process is a resourceful approach to   understand the challenges of energy provision experienced by people living in rural areas and   identify alternative energy solutions . The process enables creativity and critical analytical thinking   to identify a feasible and clean energy alternative to solid fuels for people living in rural areas .   The Design Thinking process comprises six phases , namely , understand , observe , define ,   ideation , prototyping , and testing .      The ‘ ideation ’ phase found possible clean energy solutions considering environmental impact   and easy access to resources . Through a matrix analysis of the energy solutions , community   biogas production with solar lighting was the best probable energy solution . The major   advantage for biogas production is the availability of abundant cow dung that is a raw material   for biodigestion . The remaining stages of Design Thinking will be used to complete the synthesis   of a solar energy plant and central biogas generation unit . The report will be presented in a future   communication .
### Output: 