Design Thinking for Innovation 

 of University of Virginia 

 Final assignment by Zia 

 Visualization Tool of Week 1 selected . 

 What do have pizza and 5 G in common ? 

 Challenge : I am working at a international telco in the cellular business . We provide connectivity for   our customers via cellular networks since decades . As the application and the requirements of   customers besides plain telephony and SMS has significantly changed to “ mobile Broadband ” with   Smartphones in the 4th generation of cellular networks ( 4 G , LTE ) , the 5th generation ( 5 G ) sets the aim   of getting the Industry connected . The demands of the industry are very different to the mobile   broadband demands as latency plays the most significant role ( e.g. in a production environment ) . To   convince the management of changing certain things in the 4 G networks to cope better with the   demands of 5 G ( and the vertical customers , i.e. industry ) an approach was needed to explain the   need for certain changes . 

 Selection : As technical content often needs illustration or analogies to be understood by   management ( e.g. of the CEO is a financial guy and not an engineer ) I have thought about either    choosing “ Visualization ” or ” Story Telling ” as tool to convince the management about needed   changes . I selected “ Visualization ” as visuals get easier into the brain and keep more easily ( see video   6 in week 1 at 06:15 mins “ Pictures and images enable us to not only help people understand what it   is we 're trying to do , but to help really persuade them in the worthiness of , of , that particular idea , or ,   or , the strength of , of that concept . ” ) 

 Application : So the question is “ What do have pizza and 5 G in common ? ” 

 This sounds already like a funny question , so it attracts already the interest of the audience ! 

 The answer is easy : deliver pizza / data fast ! 

 We all know that there is nothing more annoying than ordering a pizza via internet or phone at you   favorite pizzeria and once it is delivered to your house it is cold already ! So the problem is that the   pizza gets colder as longer the way to travel is ( from the pizzeria to your house ) . The solution is   straight forward , but might need a change of what we and the pizza business are used to today : so   how can one guarantee that the pizza , once ordered , is delivered still being hot ? … There are   multiple ways , but I use one particular to illustrate : This is “ one needs to shorten the delivery   distance ! ” ... Ok , it is clear to everyone that delivering a pizza from 20 km distance is more   challenging then from 3 km and as longer the travel as colder the pizza is . The obvious choice for   improving the situation is to get closer to the customer with the pizza baking place ! The analogy for   cellular networks is that data processing is done in a node called UPF ( user plane function in 5 G ) . 

 This UPF is typically deployed once per city ( bigger cities like New York might even have a dozen ) . But   the main information is that they are centrally build where the ( smartphone traffic is ) . So , for an   industry plant in the suburbs of NY this is a problem , as they might need extremely low latency for   their production environment ( called URLLC – Ultra Low Latency and Reliable Communication in 5 G ) . 

 So , like the pizza delivery in the example about the need is clear : reduce the latency for pizza / data   delivery to meet the requirement of a hot pizza / data delivery in 1ms . So similar to building multiple   pizzeria across the city , the cellular 5 G networks needs to be re - architected to place multiple UPF to   place where low latency is needed . 

 Insight : I was quite successful when explain this pizza visualization on a white board to my   management !   … And every time they order in the COVID situation we are currently in a pizza for   business lunch , they remember my Design Thinking visualization ! 

 Approach : The reflections I got with using this visualization were extremely motivating that as apply   such analogies from every - day - life to technical content more often when talking to none - technicians   --- 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: Zia
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: Design Thinking for Innovation 

 of University of Virginia 

 Final assignment by Zia 

 Visualization Tool of Week 1 selected . 

 What do have pizza and 5 G in common ? 

 Challenge : I am working at a international telco in the cellular business . We provide connectivity for   our customers via cellular networks since decades . As the application and the requirements of   customers besides plain telephony and SMS has significantly changed to “ mobile Broadband ” with   Smartphones in the 4th generation of cellular networks ( 4 G , LTE ) , the 5th generation ( 5 G ) sets the aim   of getting the Industry connected . The demands of the industry are very different to the mobile   broadband demands as latency plays the most significant role ( e.g. in a production environment ) . To   convince the management of changing certain things in the 4 G networks to cope better with the   demands of 5 G ( and the vertical customers , i.e. industry ) an approach was needed to explain the   need for certain changes . 

 Selection : As technical content often needs illustration or analogies to be understood by   management ( e.g. of the CEO is a financial guy and not an engineer ) I have thought about either    choosing “ Visualization ” or ” Story Telling ” as tool to convince the management about needed   changes . I selected “ Visualization ” as visuals get easier into the brain and keep more easily ( see video   6 in week 1 at 06:15 mins “ Pictures and images enable us to not only help people understand what it   is we 're trying to do , but to help really persuade them in the worthiness of , of , that particular idea , or ,   or , the strength of , of that concept . ” ) 

 Application : So the question is “ What do have pizza and 5 G in common ? ” 

 This sounds already like a funny question , so it attracts already the interest of the audience ! 

 The answer is easy : deliver pizza / data fast ! 

 We all know that there is nothing more annoying than ordering a pizza via internet or phone at you   favorite pizzeria and once it is delivered to your house it is cold already ! So the problem is that the   pizza gets colder as longer the way to travel is ( from the pizzeria to your house ) . The solution is   straight forward , but might need a change of what we and the pizza business are used to today : so   how can one guarantee that the pizza , once ordered , is delivered still being hot ? … There are   multiple ways , but I use one particular to illustrate : This is “ one needs to shorten the delivery   distance ! ” ... Ok , it is clear to everyone that delivering a pizza from 20 km distance is more   challenging then from 3 km and as longer the travel as colder the pizza is . The obvious choice for   improving the situation is to get closer to the customer with the pizza baking place ! The analogy for   cellular networks is that data processing is done in a node called UPF ( user plane function in 5 G ) . 

 This UPF is typically deployed once per city ( bigger cities like New York might even have a dozen ) . But   the main information is that they are centrally build where the ( smartphone traffic is ) . So , for an   industry plant in the suburbs of NY this is a problem , as they might need extremely low latency for   their production environment ( called URLLC – Ultra Low Latency and Reliable Communication in 5 G ) . 

 So , like the pizza delivery in the example about the need is clear : reduce the latency for pizza / data   delivery to meet the requirement of a hot pizza / data delivery in 1ms . So similar to building multiple   pizzeria across the city , the cellular 5 G networks needs to be re - architected to place multiple UPF to   place where low latency is needed . 

 Insight : I was quite successful when explain this pizza visualization on a white board to my   management !   … And every time they order in the COVID situation we are currently in a pizza for   business lunch , they remember my Design Thinking visualization ! 

 Approach : The reflections I got with using this visualization were extremely motivating that as apply   such analogies from every - day - life to technical content more often when talking to none - technicians   ---
### Output: 