Example   Bitcoin & blockchain   ( brief ) – Visualization 

 Challenge & Selection 

 Bitcoin is facing a major challenge as the time taken to process   transactions has increased dramatically . This has caused   businesses to stop accepting the crypto asset . The problem of   slow transactions has been looming around for quite some time .   The challenge lies in how transactions are processed on the   blockchain — the decentralised , distributed ledger technology   that underpins bitcoin . The average time taken for a bitcoin   transaction to be verified is about 43 minutes , while some   transactions could also remain unverified forever 

 The reason behind this issue is that a bitcoin transaction costs   fees , which means those offering a higher fee get verified first . This   creates a queue in the list of transactions , and those who do n’t pay   a fee or did n’t pay a sufficiently big fee are often kept waiting for   hours and sometimes even days for a transaction to complete . 

 The result of the slowdown in transaction clearance rates has led   some businesses to give up on bitcoin completely while others are   recommending users to switch from Bitcoin to alternative crypto   assets like Litecoin . 

 Satoshi Nakamoto stated in his white paper that : " The root problem with conventional currencies is 

 all the trust that 's required to make it work . The central bank must be trusted not to debase the 

 currency , but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust this one point alone makes 

 it an interesting and important aspect to work on 

 Application 

 The early internet dealt with intangibles . You sent or received emails , 

 corresponded on forums , read and distributed articles . This modern internet 

 deals with assets , your most valuable immediate items that you can touch and 

 want to protect . These assets are stored in encoded form on a network - to- 

 network chain called the blockchain or ledger , where each participant sees 

 who you do business with . This not only protects your business dealings and 

 prevents theft , but , also , simplifies your affairs , quickens the process , reduces 

 errors , and saves you from hiring a third party . 

 This decentralised blockchain system is going to change your life from the 

 way you transact business or manage assets , to the way you use your 

 machines , vote , rent a car , and even prove who you are . Along the way , it 

 will transform banks and other financial institutions , hospitals , companies , 

 and governments among others . 

 Each transaction is a digital ‘ block ’ that needs to be verified before it ’s 

 allowed to enter the system . 

 Questions include : 

 Is the money there ? 

 Are sender and receiver reputable ? 

 Is the request legitimate ? And so forth . 

 Each computer on the network competes on unscrambling the answers , and 

 the winning computer adds this ‘ block ’ to the ‘ blockchain ’ in the order that 

 the ‘ block ’ arrived . The winner broadcasts his proof to the rest of the 

 network , which checks that proof and verifies it before queuing the ‘ block ’ to 

 complete the transaction . Parties involved are assured that participants have 

 screened and okayed the transaction . 

 The process not only cuts down on fraud , such as double spending or spams , 

 but also transfers funds simply , safely , and fast . 

 Insight & Approach 

 The original creator of the bitcoin client has described their approach to the software 's   authorship as it being written first to prove to themselves that the concept of purely   peer - to - peer electronic cash was valid and that a paper with solutions could be written .   The lead developer is Wladimir J. van der Laan , who took over the role on 8 April   2014.Gavin Andresen was the former lead maintainer for the software client . Andresen   left the role of lead developer for bitcoin to work on the strategic development of its   technology.[267 ] Bitcoin Core in 2015 was central to a dispute with Bitcoin XT , a   competing client that sought to increase the blocksize . Over a dozen different   companies and industry groups fund the development of Bitcoin Core . 

 Blockchain is much more than Bitcoin or cryptocurrencies . It   represents a new way of recording information and processing   transactions . The data recorded in a blockchain are tamper - proof and   traceable . The block creation process involves distributed processing   in a trust - less environment . Hence , it can be used to support any   collaborative transactions requiring high availability and integrity .   Take financial services as one example . Many banks today perform   know - your - customer ( KYC ) checks individually , which creates many   redundant operations when the same customer opens multiple   accounts in different banks . KYC implementation using blockchain   can eliminate most of these redundant operations . We can share the   same customer 's data in a blockchain maintained by a banking   consortium without worrying about any participating bank modifying   the customer data for its own interest . We can envision the benefits in   other applications such as identity management , product certification ,   supply - chain coordination , and general tracking and goods exchanges . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: Example   Bitcoin & blockchain   ( brief ) – Visualization 

 Challenge & Selection 

 Bitcoin is facing a major challenge as the time taken to process   transactions has increased dramatically . This has caused   businesses to stop accepting the crypto asset . The problem of   slow transactions has been looming around for quite some time .   The challenge lies in how transactions are processed on the   blockchain — the decentralised , distributed ledger technology   that underpins bitcoin . The average time taken for a bitcoin   transaction to be verified is about 43 minutes , while some   transactions could also remain unverified forever 

 The reason behind this issue is that a bitcoin transaction costs   fees , which means those offering a higher fee get verified first . This   creates a queue in the list of transactions , and those who do n’t pay   a fee or did n’t pay a sufficiently big fee are often kept waiting for   hours and sometimes even days for a transaction to complete . 

 The result of the slowdown in transaction clearance rates has led   some businesses to give up on bitcoin completely while others are   recommending users to switch from Bitcoin to alternative crypto   assets like Litecoin . 

 Satoshi Nakamoto stated in his white paper that : " The root problem with conventional currencies is 

 all the trust that 's required to make it work . The central bank must be trusted not to debase the 

 currency , but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust this one point alone makes 

 it an interesting and important aspect to work on 

 Application 

 The early internet dealt with intangibles . You sent or received emails , 

 corresponded on forums , read and distributed articles . This modern internet 

 deals with assets , your most valuable immediate items that you can touch and 

 want to protect . These assets are stored in encoded form on a network - to- 

 network chain called the blockchain or ledger , where each participant sees 

 who you do business with . This not only protects your business dealings and 

 prevents theft , but , also , simplifies your affairs , quickens the process , reduces 

 errors , and saves you from hiring a third party . 

 This decentralised blockchain system is going to change your life from the 

 way you transact business or manage assets , to the way you use your 

 machines , vote , rent a car , and even prove who you are . Along the way , it 

 will transform banks and other financial institutions , hospitals , companies , 

 and governments among others . 

 Each transaction is a digital ‘ block ’ that needs to be verified before it ’s 

 allowed to enter the system . 

 Questions include : 

 Is the money there ? 

 Are sender and receiver reputable ? 

 Is the request legitimate ? And so forth . 

 Each computer on the network competes on unscrambling the answers , and 

 the winning computer adds this ‘ block ’ to the ‘ blockchain ’ in the order that 

 the ‘ block ’ arrived . The winner broadcasts his proof to the rest of the 

 network , which checks that proof and verifies it before queuing the ‘ block ’ to 

 complete the transaction . Parties involved are assured that participants have 

 screened and okayed the transaction . 

 The process not only cuts down on fraud , such as double spending or spams , 

 but also transfers funds simply , safely , and fast . 

 Insight & Approach 

 The original creator of the bitcoin client has described their approach to the software 's   authorship as it being written first to prove to themselves that the concept of purely   peer - to - peer electronic cash was valid and that a paper with solutions could be written .   The lead developer is Wladimir J. van der Laan , who took over the role on 8 April   2014.Gavin Andresen was the former lead maintainer for the software client . Andresen   left the role of lead developer for bitcoin to work on the strategic development of its   technology.[267 ] Bitcoin Core in 2015 was central to a dispute with Bitcoin XT , a   competing client that sought to increase the blocksize . Over a dozen different   companies and industry groups fund the development of Bitcoin Core . 

 Blockchain is much more than Bitcoin or cryptocurrencies . It   represents a new way of recording information and processing   transactions . The data recorded in a blockchain are tamper - proof and   traceable . The block creation process involves distributed processing   in a trust - less environment . Hence , it can be used to support any   collaborative transactions requiring high availability and integrity .   Take financial services as one example . Many banks today perform   know - your - customer ( KYC ) checks individually , which creates many   redundant operations when the same customer opens multiple   accounts in different banks . KYC implementation using blockchain   can eliminate most of these redundant operations . We can share the   same customer 's data in a blockchain maintained by a banking   consortium without worrying about any participating bank modifying   the customer data for its own interest . We can envision the benefits in   other applications such as identity management , product certification ,   supply - chain coordination , and general tracking and goods exchanges .
### Output: 