This module discusses the stories we tell to make sense of the world . The importance of   storytelling to human existence is explained . Narration is then introduced as another   word for this storytelling , and its connection to other academic writing and description is   discussed . Examples are provided of perspective and point - of - view , and the primary   components of narrative writing ( characters , conflict , and purpose ) are introduced to   help writers begin constructing their own stories . Chronological order , the ordering of   events through time , is explained , as is the concept of the flashback , jumping   backwards in time . The prewriting strategies of questioning and freewriting are   introduced as ways to generate ideas for a narrative . Outlining is emphasized as   necessary for the construction of logical , cohesive papers . Finally , the importance of   using transitions ( joining words ) to connect ideas when composing is discussed . ( 1 ) 

 Objectives 

 Upon completion of this module , the student will be able to : 

 •   Explain what narration is and why it is central to human life 

 •   Identify fiction and nonfiction writing , as well as the complications involved   in such distinctions 

 •   Explain the problem of perspective 

 •   Identify the primary elements of a narrative : character , conflict , and   narrative purpose 

 •   Use chronological order and flashbacks to organize events in time 

 •   Use questioning and freewriting to generate ideas 

 •   Use outlining to prepare a narrative paper 

 •   Compose a narrative piece of writing 

 •   Use transitions to tie events together ( 1 ) 

 Our Selves , Our Stories 

 Human beings are fundamentally storytelling creatures . Of all the ways we use words ,   perhaps the most important ( and most typical ) is to communicate who we are , where we   have been , and where we are going . Think of all the times you use words to convey   what has happened to you in a single day , even a single hour ! Indeed , we spend most   of our lives using our words to spin stories about ourselves ; even our own sense of   identity is a kind of story we tell ourselves to make sense of the world ! 

 Because using words to tell stories is so fundamental to our everyday   experience , narration , a fancy word for storytelling , is the perfect place to start our   composition course in earnest . For many students , a narrative essay , one which   requires to writer to tell a story of some sort , is the most comfortable and enjoyable kind   of assignment to tackle . This is especially true if you are interested in creative writing or 

 have aspirations of publishing short stories , screenplays , or novels . Aside from being a   familiar and creative kind of writing , narration is also a key component in many other   kinds of essay writing , and as the course continues you ’ll see that narration comes in   handy when you are trying to come up with interesting hooks to start papers or are   looking to explain specific points about a topic with examples that help your reader   understand your point of view . Finally , the kind of writing we did in the last   module , description , the translation of the senses into words , plays a key part in all   types of narrative writing ; after all , to tell a good story , you have to provide details that   help your reader become immersed in the world you are creating . ( 1 ) 

 Fiction , Nonfiction , and the Problem of Perspective 

 Before we begin discussing how to construct an effective narrative , we need to consider   an important distinction that humans have to make when it comes to storytelling : the   difference between nonfiction , or writing that purports to be true or “ real , ” and fiction , or   writing that announces itself as a fabrication , a “ made - up ” story told by the author to   entertain or to make a hypothetical ( believable yet fictional ) point . 

 At first glance , this distinction might seem easy to make . However , the words we use   are never equivalent to the world we experience ; in some sense , whenever we tell a   story , we are fabricating what happened . If we could simply communicate events as   they happened , we would n’t need words at all ! This is why there are so many   arguments about news stories and the meaning of current events ; we all recognize that   any act of recalling what has happened is fraught with the problem of perspective , the   point - of - view or position of the storyteller . 

 As we ’ll see in later modules , the problem of perspective is something that always   haunts the composition classroom and writing in general , so it ’s important that we   recognize the issue here at the beginning . 

 Philosophers have argued about the problems of language and truth since the dawn of   civilization , and their battles rage on to this day . For the purpose of this module ,   however , we will have to accept that what we mean by nonfiction writing is storytelling   that presumes to adhere to the world as it happened to the author or other   humans and fiction writing as storytelling that makes no such presumptions about its   literal truth . 

 Because all storytelling , be it fiction or nonfiction writing , is always caught up in the   problem of perspective , the point - of - view of the writer , it is important to clarify exactly   how this positioning makes itself known in a piece of writing . 

 Two Elements that Make a Story Click 

 Every effective story has two key elements : character and conflict . Characters are the   people that populate the world a writer creates . Conflict is what happens to those 

 characters , the catalyst for their actions . Without characters , a world would have no   actors ; without conflict , characters would have no reason to take action . 

 Though a creative writing instructor would likely take issue with this simplification , for   the sake of this class characters can be broken down into three types : main characters ,   side characters , and extras . 

 Main characters are the people on which a story centers , and a writer signals their   importance by providing the most details about them , including what they look like , what   they say , and possibly how they think or feel ( depending upon how subjective the   story ’s perspective is ) . Remember that a main character may even be the person telling   the story if the writer is using the first - person perspective . 

 Side characters often accompany the main character as important acquaintances ,   friends , or enemies . Writers provide enough details about them for them to come alive ,   but they do n’t get as much attention as the main characters . They are often essential to   the conflict , however ; for example , often the main character has an enemy who is a side   character but whose presence forces the main character to take action . 

 Extras help fill out the world of a narrative , but they are just window - dressing . They   appear in the background at parties or on busy city streets or in office settings . They are   not important to the story ’s conflict , though they may be affected by it ( think of all the   extras in a Hollywood movie who run screaming from a giant monster ’s attack in a   movie likeGodzilla ) . 

 A story ’s conflict is the struggle that the main character must endure as the story   proceeds , the obstacle that he or she must overcome . This conflict could involve   another character , such as in classic confrontations of heroes and villains ( Batman   fighting the Joker or Captain America confronting the Red Skull ) . However , main   characters may also experience less aggressive conflicts , such as facing a fear ,   performing a task , surviving a hostile environment , interviewing for a job , enduring a   medical issue , or winning the heart of a love interest . Before you write your narrative ,   you need to have a clear understanding of what this conflict is so that you can build to   a climactic moment when the conflict is resolved and the story ’s purpose is revealed . ( 1 ) 

 Narrative Purpose : Why Readers Love It When a Plan Comes   Together 

 A story is interesting only insofar as it has some reason to exist . Conflicts get a story   moving and give characters something to do , but the overall reason behind the story   reveals itself when the conflict is resolved . Maybe a writer wants to show the importance   of sticking with something , no matter how hard it seems ; maybe he or she wants to   emphasize the difficulty of loyalty or the insanity of the modern workplace . This purpose   can be funny or moving , and a story does n’t have to convey some deep moral message   to be effective . However , a writer needs to consider how and why the conflict will 

 resolve and what the implications of that resolution will be . This purpose is usually left   unstated in narratives ; readers do n’t like to be told what to think , so you should n’t say   something like , “ The moral of this story is . . . . ” Still , try to make it a point to write out   the purpose in advance for yourself so you know what you are doing . This purpose   statement might end up being slightly off the mark after the whole story comes together ,   especially since characters often have a way of taking on a life of their own and “ doing ”   things the writer did n’t expect . Still , having some idea where the story is going is   essential to avoiding writer ’s block ( when you get stuck and do n’t know what else to   write ) and keeping your narrative focused . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: This module discusses the stories we tell to make sense of the world . The importance of   storytelling to human existence is explained . Narration is then introduced as another   word for this storytelling , and its connection to other academic writing and description is   discussed . Examples are provided of perspective and point - of - view , and the primary   components of narrative writing ( characters , conflict , and purpose ) are introduced to   help writers begin constructing their own stories . Chronological order , the ordering of   events through time , is explained , as is the concept of the flashback , jumping   backwards in time . The prewriting strategies of questioning and freewriting are   introduced as ways to generate ideas for a narrative . Outlining is emphasized as   necessary for the construction of logical , cohesive papers . Finally , the importance of   using transitions ( joining words ) to connect ideas when composing is discussed . ( 1 ) 

 Objectives 

 Upon completion of this module , the student will be able to : 

 •   Explain what narration is and why it is central to human life 

 •   Identify fiction and nonfiction writing , as well as the complications involved   in such distinctions 

 •   Explain the problem of perspective 

 •   Identify the primary elements of a narrative : character , conflict , and   narrative purpose 

 •   Use chronological order and flashbacks to organize events in time 

 •   Use questioning and freewriting to generate ideas 

 •   Use outlining to prepare a narrative paper 

 •   Compose a narrative piece of writing 

 •   Use transitions to tie events together ( 1 ) 

 Our Selves , Our Stories 

 Human beings are fundamentally storytelling creatures . Of all the ways we use words ,   perhaps the most important ( and most typical ) is to communicate who we are , where we   have been , and where we are going . Think of all the times you use words to convey   what has happened to you in a single day , even a single hour ! Indeed , we spend most   of our lives using our words to spin stories about ourselves ; even our own sense of   identity is a kind of story we tell ourselves to make sense of the world ! 

 Because using words to tell stories is so fundamental to our everyday   experience , narration , a fancy word for storytelling , is the perfect place to start our   composition course in earnest . For many students , a narrative essay , one which   requires to writer to tell a story of some sort , is the most comfortable and enjoyable kind   of assignment to tackle . This is especially true if you are interested in creative writing or 

 have aspirations of publishing short stories , screenplays , or novels . Aside from being a   familiar and creative kind of writing , narration is also a key component in many other   kinds of essay writing , and as the course continues you ’ll see that narration comes in   handy when you are trying to come up with interesting hooks to start papers or are   looking to explain specific points about a topic with examples that help your reader   understand your point of view . Finally , the kind of writing we did in the last   module , description , the translation of the senses into words , plays a key part in all   types of narrative writing ; after all , to tell a good story , you have to provide details that   help your reader become immersed in the world you are creating . ( 1 ) 

 Fiction , Nonfiction , and the Problem of Perspective 

 Before we begin discussing how to construct an effective narrative , we need to consider   an important distinction that humans have to make when it comes to storytelling : the   difference between nonfiction , or writing that purports to be true or “ real , ” and fiction , or   writing that announces itself as a fabrication , a “ made - up ” story told by the author to   entertain or to make a hypothetical ( believable yet fictional ) point . 

 At first glance , this distinction might seem easy to make . However , the words we use   are never equivalent to the world we experience ; in some sense , whenever we tell a   story , we are fabricating what happened . If we could simply communicate events as   they happened , we would n’t need words at all ! This is why there are so many   arguments about news stories and the meaning of current events ; we all recognize that   any act of recalling what has happened is fraught with the problem of perspective , the   point - of - view or position of the storyteller . 

 As we ’ll see in later modules , the problem of perspective is something that always   haunts the composition classroom and writing in general , so it ’s important that we   recognize the issue here at the beginning . 

 Philosophers have argued about the problems of language and truth since the dawn of   civilization , and their battles rage on to this day . For the purpose of this module ,   however , we will have to accept that what we mean by nonfiction writing is storytelling   that presumes to adhere to the world as it happened to the author or other   humans and fiction writing as storytelling that makes no such presumptions about its   literal truth . 

 Because all storytelling , be it fiction or nonfiction writing , is always caught up in the   problem of perspective , the point - of - view of the writer , it is important to clarify exactly   how this positioning makes itself known in a piece of writing . 

 Two Elements that Make a Story Click 

 Every effective story has two key elements : character and conflict . Characters are the   people that populate the world a writer creates . Conflict is what happens to those 

 characters , the catalyst for their actions . Without characters , a world would have no   actors ; without conflict , characters would have no reason to take action . 

 Though a creative writing instructor would likely take issue with this simplification , for   the sake of this class characters can be broken down into three types : main characters ,   side characters , and extras . 

 Main characters are the people on which a story centers , and a writer signals their   importance by providing the most details about them , including what they look like , what   they say , and possibly how they think or feel ( depending upon how subjective the   story ’s perspective is ) . Remember that a main character may even be the person telling   the story if the writer is using the first - person perspective . 

 Side characters often accompany the main character as important acquaintances ,   friends , or enemies . Writers provide enough details about them for them to come alive ,   but they do n’t get as much attention as the main characters . They are often essential to   the conflict , however ; for example , often the main character has an enemy who is a side   character but whose presence forces the main character to take action . 

 Extras help fill out the world of a narrative , but they are just window - dressing . They   appear in the background at parties or on busy city streets or in office settings . They are   not important to the story ’s conflict , though they may be affected by it ( think of all the   extras in a Hollywood movie who run screaming from a giant monster ’s attack in a   movie likeGodzilla ) . 

 A story ’s conflict is the struggle that the main character must endure as the story   proceeds , the obstacle that he or she must overcome . This conflict could involve   another character , such as in classic confrontations of heroes and villains ( Batman   fighting the Joker or Captain America confronting the Red Skull ) . However , main   characters may also experience less aggressive conflicts , such as facing a fear ,   performing a task , surviving a hostile environment , interviewing for a job , enduring a   medical issue , or winning the heart of a love interest . Before you write your narrative ,   you need to have a clear understanding of what this conflict is so that you can build to   a climactic moment when the conflict is resolved and the story ’s purpose is revealed . ( 1 ) 

 Narrative Purpose : Why Readers Love It When a Plan Comes   Together 

 A story is interesting only insofar as it has some reason to exist . Conflicts get a story   moving and give characters something to do , but the overall reason behind the story   reveals itself when the conflict is resolved . Maybe a writer wants to show the importance   of sticking with something , no matter how hard it seems ; maybe he or she wants to   emphasize the difficulty of loyalty or the insanity of the modern workplace . This purpose   can be funny or moving , and a story does n’t have to convey some deep moral message   to be effective . However , a writer needs to consider how and why the conflict will 

 resolve and what the implications of that resolution will be . This purpose is usually left   unstated in narratives ; readers do n’t like to be told what to think , so you should n’t say   something like , “ The moral of this story is . . . . ” Still , try to make it a point to write out   the purpose in advance for yourself so you know what you are doing . This purpose   statement might end up being slightly off the mark after the whole story comes together ,   especially since characters often have a way of taking on a life of their own and “ doing ”   things the writer did n’t expect . Still , having some idea where the story is going is   essential to avoiding writer ’s block ( when you get stuck and do n’t know what else to   write ) and keeping your narrative focused .
### Output: 