Definition   Storytelling is : Oryteiling is the vivid description of ideas , beliefs , personal 

 the use of stories ; that evoke powerful emotions and insights .   experiences , and life - lessons through stories or narratives   or narratives as   a communication   Advantages   tool to value , share , : Storytelling has advantages over the communication tech- and capitalize on : niques commonly used in organizations , be they electronic   the knowledge of : mail , reports , or formal speeches . First , it enables articula-   individuals .   tion of emotional aspects as well as factual content , allow   : ing expression of tacit knowledge ( that is always dificult to   : convey ) . Second , by providing the broader context in which knowledge arises , it increases   : the potential for meaningful knowledge - sharing . Third , by grounding facts in a narrative   : structure , it augments the likelihood that leaning will take place and be passed on . Pur   poseful storytelling can deliver results that conventional , abstract modes of communica-   : tions such as those mentioned earlier can not . Anyone can use it and become better at using   : it to reach many rapidly . 

 Communicating Naturally   The age - old practice of storytelling is one of the most effective tools that people can use .   Storytellers communicate naturally : analysis might excite the mind but it does not offer an   easy route to the heart , which is where one must go to motivate people . Working with stories   is one of the best ways to   Make abstract concepts meaningful .   Help connect people and ideas .   Inspire imagination and motivate action .   Give breathing space and allow different perspectives to emerge . 

 Create sense , coherence , and meaning   Develop valuable descriptions of the situations in which knowledge is applied and 

 solutions are found .   Examine organizational values and culture .   Communicate complex messages simply .   Operate effectively in networks . 

 Inspire change . 

 Table 1 : The Difference Between a Report and a Story   Version A   Version B   In our evaluation of a project in Bangladesh , we noted a wide   variance in the competence of individual villages to develop   sustainable and effective solutions to problems encountered ,   for example in replacing broken parts or developing low - cost   products such as new latrines . The lessons to be learned from this   evaluation are that we should : 

 Bangladesh is a really impressive place .. in a positive sense .   was in a village last year working in water and sanitation .   we were try1ng to promote the use of improved latrines , but   could not produce concrete slabs and rings locally for a low cost   Somebody told me to visit the latrines of a lady in the village   sol went along and said , " Can I see your latrines ? " She had made   a latrine out of a clay pot with the bottom cut off . Then , with a   potter from the area , she developed a small local production of 

 bottomlesS pols , and they became the latrines . Ingenious .   A few weeks later I was in another village and saw a hand   pump : it was broken , just a small piece missing . So l said to the   Villagers,"Why don t you repair your pump ? " And they said ,   Oh , we just wait for another donor to bringa new pump . " Sol   said , " Why do n't you visit the lady in the village over there ? She   finds ways of getting things done for herself . " 

 work against over - dependence on development partners ,   note and encourage entrepreneurial approaches to problems   identify existing and repeatable g0od practices ,   build and strengthen communication between villages to assist   cross - fertilization of ideas at the grassroots level . 

 Source : Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation . 2005 . Story Guide : Building Bridges Using Narrative Techniques . Berne .   Available : www.deza.admin.ch/ressources/resource_en_155620.pdt 

 Table 2 : A Storytelling Catalogue 

 If your   You will need a story that   In telling it , you will need to   Your story will inspire   Such responses as   objective is to 

 Spark action   Describes how a successful change   Avoid excessive detail that will take   " Just imagine ... "   was implemented in the past , but 

 allows listeners to imagine how it   the audience 's mind off its own   What if ..   challenge   might work in their situation 

 Provides audience - engaging drama   and reveals some strength or   Communicate   Include meaningful details , but also   " I did n't know that about him !   make sure the audience has the time   " Now I see what she 's driving at "   and inclination to hear your story 

 who you are 

 vulnerability from your past   Transmit values   Feels familiar to the audience and   Use believable ( though perhaps 

 hypothetical ) characters and   situations , and never forget that the   story must be consistent with your 

 That 's so right ! "   Why do n't we do that all the time ? "   will prompt discussion about the 

 ISSues raised by the value being   promoted   own actions 

 Foster   Movingly recounts a situation that   listeners have also experienced and   Ensure that a set agenda does not   squelch this swapping of stones   that prompIs them to share their own   and that you have an action plan   ready to tap the energy unleashed by   this naratuve chain reaction 

 That reminds me of the time that   collaboration   . "   " Hey , I 've got a story like that . "   stories about the topic 

 Tame the   Highlights , often through the use   Avoid the temptation to be mean-   No kidding   T'd never thought about it like that   before ! "   grapevir   of gentle humor , some aspect of a   rumor that reveals it to be untrue or   is indeed false   spinted , and be sure that the rumor 

 unlikely   Share knowledge   Focuses on mistakes made and   Solicit alternative and possibly   " There but for the grace of God .. "   " Wow ! We 'd better watch that from   shows in some detail how they were   better - solutions   corrected , with an explanation of   why the solution worked 

 now o n. 

 Lead people   Evokes the future you want to create   Be sure of your storytelling skills   without providing excessive detail   that will only turn out to be wrong 

 " When do we start ? "   into the future   ( otherwise , use a story in which the   past can serve as a springboard to   the future ) 

 " Let 's do it ! " 

 DESIGN A   STORYTELLING CANVAS   BETTER   BUSINESS 

 SUBJECT   GOAL   AUDIENCE 

 What is your story 's   What do you want to   achieve with this story ?   What is the story about ?   audience ? What are their   needs ? 

 BEFORE   1.SETTHE SCENE   2 . MAKE YOUR POINT   3 . CONCLUSION   AFTER 

 The end of your story . What is the   conclusion ? What is your call to   action ? 

 What does your audience think ,   feel , know , want , after they have   experienced your story ?   The audience 's A - Ha moment .   What does your audience think ,   feel , know , want , before they have   experienced your story ? 

 What do you need to introduce ?   What should be set up or ex-   plained ? 

 Table 3 : Storytelling Template for Use in Workshops 

 The Title of the Story   The Name of the Original Teller :   The Name of the Listener or Understander : 

 Landscape   The scene in time ( year ) and space ( country )   Dwelling Place :   The precise location where the action occurred 

 Characters :   The cast list , descriptive attrnbutes , and roles in story   Challenge   The problem or task that triggered the action   Action :   The sequence of events before , during , and after the turning point   The Turning Point :   The moment when the change happened   Resolution :   The ending , including the moral , lesson leamed , or message Key Visual Hooks :   Mnemonics to help partners re - tell the story 

 Source : Adapted from Sparknow Consuting . Available : www.sparknow.net . 

 Applications   Storytelling is used to identify and exchange learning episodes , explore values and inspire people toward the   possibility of change , enrich quantitative information with qualitative evidence , make out connections and   create common purpose , and improve the effectiveness of strategic decisions . Potential applications of stories   include   Oral   histories   Team or community - building exercises   Workshop warm - ups   Back - to - office reports   Activity or project reviews   Monitoring and evaluation systems   Recreation 

 Elements of a Good Story   Good stories are generally interesting , unusual , provocative , serious , controversial , surprising , intriguing , or   inspiring . They   Respond to demand .   Exploita specific opportunity .   Include personal and human elements of experience .   Present the point of view of someone who has been directly involved .   Use a variety of narrative patterns for different aims .   Achieve a balance between words from persons and statements from organizations .   Recount   a successful intervention .   Describe an unsuccessful intervention .   Provide a solution to both immediate and broader problems .   Play to what is already in people 's minds .   Target people with the authority to make decisions and change things . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: Definition   Storytelling is : Oryteiling is the vivid description of ideas , beliefs , personal 

 the use of stories ; that evoke powerful emotions and insights .   experiences , and life - lessons through stories or narratives   or narratives as   a communication   Advantages   tool to value , share , : Storytelling has advantages over the communication tech- and capitalize on : niques commonly used in organizations , be they electronic   the knowledge of : mail , reports , or formal speeches . First , it enables articula-   individuals .   tion of emotional aspects as well as factual content , allow   : ing expression of tacit knowledge ( that is always dificult to   : convey ) . Second , by providing the broader context in which knowledge arises , it increases   : the potential for meaningful knowledge - sharing . Third , by grounding facts in a narrative   : structure , it augments the likelihood that leaning will take place and be passed on . Pur   poseful storytelling can deliver results that conventional , abstract modes of communica-   : tions such as those mentioned earlier can not . Anyone can use it and become better at using   : it to reach many rapidly . 

 Communicating Naturally   The age - old practice of storytelling is one of the most effective tools that people can use .   Storytellers communicate naturally : analysis might excite the mind but it does not offer an   easy route to the heart , which is where one must go to motivate people . Working with stories   is one of the best ways to   Make abstract concepts meaningful .   Help connect people and ideas .   Inspire imagination and motivate action .   Give breathing space and allow different perspectives to emerge . 

 Create sense , coherence , and meaning   Develop valuable descriptions of the situations in which knowledge is applied and 

 solutions are found .   Examine organizational values and culture .   Communicate complex messages simply .   Operate effectively in networks . 

 Inspire change . 

 Table 1 : The Difference Between a Report and a Story   Version A   Version B   In our evaluation of a project in Bangladesh , we noted a wide   variance in the competence of individual villages to develop   sustainable and effective solutions to problems encountered ,   for example in replacing broken parts or developing low - cost   products such as new latrines . The lessons to be learned from this   evaluation are that we should : 

 Bangladesh is a really impressive place .. in a positive sense .   was in a village last year working in water and sanitation .   we were try1ng to promote the use of improved latrines , but   could not produce concrete slabs and rings locally for a low cost   Somebody told me to visit the latrines of a lady in the village   sol went along and said , " Can I see your latrines ? " She had made   a latrine out of a clay pot with the bottom cut off . Then , with a   potter from the area , she developed a small local production of 

 bottomlesS pols , and they became the latrines . Ingenious .   A few weeks later I was in another village and saw a hand   pump : it was broken , just a small piece missing . So l said to the   Villagers,"Why don t you repair your pump ? " And they said ,   Oh , we just wait for another donor to bringa new pump . " Sol   said , " Why do n't you visit the lady in the village over there ? She   finds ways of getting things done for herself . " 

 work against over - dependence on development partners ,   note and encourage entrepreneurial approaches to problems   identify existing and repeatable g0od practices ,   build and strengthen communication between villages to assist   cross - fertilization of ideas at the grassroots level . 

 Source : Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation . 2005 . Story Guide : Building Bridges Using Narrative Techniques . Berne .   Available : www.deza.admin.ch/ressources/resource_en_155620.pdt 

 Table 2 : A Storytelling Catalogue 

 If your   You will need a story that   In telling it , you will need to   Your story will inspire   Such responses as   objective is to 

 Spark action   Describes how a successful change   Avoid excessive detail that will take   " Just imagine ... "   was implemented in the past , but 

 allows listeners to imagine how it   the audience 's mind off its own   What if ..   challenge   might work in their situation 

 Provides audience - engaging drama   and reveals some strength or   Communicate   Include meaningful details , but also   " I did n't know that about him !   make sure the audience has the time   " Now I see what she 's driving at "   and inclination to hear your story 

 who you are 

 vulnerability from your past   Transmit values   Feels familiar to the audience and   Use believable ( though perhaps 

 hypothetical ) characters and   situations , and never forget that the   story must be consistent with your 

 That 's so right ! "   Why do n't we do that all the time ? "   will prompt discussion about the 

 ISSues raised by the value being   promoted   own actions 

 Foster   Movingly recounts a situation that   listeners have also experienced and   Ensure that a set agenda does not   squelch this swapping of stones   that prompIs them to share their own   and that you have an action plan   ready to tap the energy unleashed by   this naratuve chain reaction 

 That reminds me of the time that   collaboration   . "   " Hey , I 've got a story like that . "   stories about the topic 

 Tame the   Highlights , often through the use   Avoid the temptation to be mean-   No kidding   T'd never thought about it like that   before ! "   grapevir   of gentle humor , some aspect of a   rumor that reveals it to be untrue or   is indeed false   spinted , and be sure that the rumor 

 unlikely   Share knowledge   Focuses on mistakes made and   Solicit alternative and possibly   " There but for the grace of God .. "   " Wow ! We 'd better watch that from   shows in some detail how they were   better - solutions   corrected , with an explanation of   why the solution worked 

 now o n. 

 Lead people   Evokes the future you want to create   Be sure of your storytelling skills   without providing excessive detail   that will only turn out to be wrong 

 " When do we start ? "   into the future   ( otherwise , use a story in which the   past can serve as a springboard to   the future ) 

 " Let 's do it ! " 

 DESIGN A   STORYTELLING CANVAS   BETTER   BUSINESS 

 SUBJECT   GOAL   AUDIENCE 

 What is your story 's   What do you want to   achieve with this story ?   What is the story about ?   audience ? What are their   needs ? 

 BEFORE   1.SETTHE SCENE   2 . MAKE YOUR POINT   3 . CONCLUSION   AFTER 

 The end of your story . What is the   conclusion ? What is your call to   action ? 

 What does your audience think ,   feel , know , want , after they have   experienced your story ?   The audience 's A - Ha moment .   What does your audience think ,   feel , know , want , before they have   experienced your story ? 

 What do you need to introduce ?   What should be set up or ex-   plained ? 

 Table 3 : Storytelling Template for Use in Workshops 

 The Title of the Story   The Name of the Original Teller :   The Name of the Listener or Understander : 

 Landscape   The scene in time ( year ) and space ( country )   Dwelling Place :   The precise location where the action occurred 

 Characters :   The cast list , descriptive attrnbutes , and roles in story   Challenge   The problem or task that triggered the action   Action :   The sequence of events before , during , and after the turning point   The Turning Point :   The moment when the change happened   Resolution :   The ending , including the moral , lesson leamed , or message Key Visual Hooks :   Mnemonics to help partners re - tell the story 

 Source : Adapted from Sparknow Consuting . Available : www.sparknow.net . 

 Applications   Storytelling is used to identify and exchange learning episodes , explore values and inspire people toward the   possibility of change , enrich quantitative information with qualitative evidence , make out connections and   create common purpose , and improve the effectiveness of strategic decisions . Potential applications of stories   include   Oral   histories   Team or community - building exercises   Workshop warm - ups   Back - to - office reports   Activity or project reviews   Monitoring and evaluation systems   Recreation 

 Elements of a Good Story   Good stories are generally interesting , unusual , provocative , serious , controversial , surprising , intriguing , or   inspiring . They   Respond to demand .   Exploita specific opportunity .   Include personal and human elements of experience .   Present the point of view of someone who has been directly involved .   Use a variety of narrative patterns for different aims .   Achieve a balance between words from persons and statements from organizations .   Recount   a successful intervention .   Describe an unsuccessful intervention .   Provide a solution to both immediate and broader problems .   Play to what is already in people 's minds .   Target people with the authority to make decisions and change things .
### Output: 