Challenge : Describe your challenge , including all relevant information . 

 The September / October 2004 issue of CG&A introduced the term visual analytics to the   computer science literature.1 In 2005 , an international team of multidisciplinary panelists   consensually and collectively defined the then newly established area as “ the science of   analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces . ”2 The means and targets of   VA have since evolved and expanded significantly , covering both scientific and nonscientific   data of different types , shapes , sizes , domains , and applications . As extreme - scale datasets   began revolutionizing our daily working life,3 researchers looked to VA for solutions to their   big - data problems . 

 Today ’s extreme - scale VA applications often combine high - performance computers for   computation , high - performance database appliances and/or cloud servers for data storage and   management , and desktop computers for human - computer interaction . Sources of extreme- scale data often come from models or observations , arising from different scientific ,   engineering , social , and cyber applications . Although many petabyte ( 1015 ) or even terabyte   ( 1012 ) data analytics problems remain unsolved , scientists have begun analyzing exabyte   ( 1018 ) data . 

 Selection : In your own words , briefly describe the tool you selected ( e.g. , what it is and   why you selected it for your challenge -- including any appropriate video lecture   references ) . 

 Consider the famous saying “ a picture is worth a thousand words . ” Images help us grasp things much   more quickly and effectively than words alone . They can capture complex systems on a single page ,   convey meaning in an instant , and tap into powerful emotions . Images make ideas tangible and   concrete , and they allow people to share and develop ideas together . Visualization brings a different   part of our brain into play : It ’s a different way of knowing . We have all heard about the differences   between the “ left brain ” and the “ right brain . ” The left brain , we ’re told , is analytical and logical — it ’s   the “ business ” brain . It likes numbers and language . The right brain contributes much of what makes   us human : emotion and intuition . Visualization is a right - brain tool . Current brain science tells us   that it is not quite that simple , but “ right brain / left brain ” is still a useful metaphor . Part of our brain   ( the right part , according to the metaphor ) is an expert at syntheses , thus tapping into it helps us see   connections and make sense of all the data we will -3- UVA - BP-0550 collect in our exploration   process . Recent brain science studies have taken us a step further in understanding why visualizing   ideas and activities is so important by demonstrating the existence of mirror neurons . Only humans   and orangutans are known to have these neurons ( hence , “ monkey see , monkey do ” ) , which   rehearse the physical steps of an activity we observe without sending the execute command to our   muscles . Therefore , if you are watching someone hitting a baseball , you are actually practicing your   batting swing in your head . You are working all the neurological connections you need to actually   stand up and swing . Consequently , we learn to make something real by seeing it . Seeing can be as   important as doing . Visualization approaches need not be complicated or sophisticated . Just working   together to capture images on a board is a way to think together and get different disciplines on the   same page . 

 Describe how you applied the tool you selected to your challenge ( e.g. , what you did and   how the tool was applied effectively or ineffectively ) . 

 One of the great things about most of the design tools we ’ll discuss ( including visualization ) is that   they require very modest capital investment : a whiteboard and markers . Flip charts , Sharpies , and   Post - it Notes are also extremely useful . More sophisticated aids , such as PowerPoint software ,   digital cameras , and camcorders , can be handy as well . Designers use a more sophisticated set of   software tools , such as Illustrator and Photoshop , but mastering these is n’t necessary to reap the   extraordinary benefits of visual thinking ( though a trained designer is an absolutely invaluable   addition to the team ! ) . -4- UVA - BP-0550 Here are some basics to get you started : 1 . Keep it simple .   Make your visual representations as simple as possible ; basic stick figures can often do the trick . Use   color in a meaningful way . Keep clip art simple and avoid the clutter of multiple fonts and other   fancy effects . Remember : This is not about displaying your artistic ability ; it ’s about using your   imagination . Rudimentary can be better . Creating visuals that are too polished can backfire when   your goal is to solicit feedback . 2 . Start by breaking your problem down into components . In his   bestseller on visual thinking for managers,1 Dan Roam argues that you need to consider only these   components : who , what , how much , where , when , how , and why ? 3 . Learn to think in metaphors   and analogies . Can you come up with an image for every key point ? 4 . Use photographs .   Photographs can be enormously helpful for both capturing data and communicating to others . Think   of a bullet point in a PowerPoint presentation from a financial services organization that reads , “ Our   clients have an average of more than five different accounts . ” Now think of a photograph of a man ’s   wallet stuffed with credit cards and another one of his desk littered with bank statements . What is   the difference in impact between the line of text and the photographs ? How can you marry words   and pictures for maximum communication impact ? 5 . Get comfortable working with personas .   Personas are fictional characters that you can create to exemplify certain customer attributes . They   help you visualize your customers . Because personas make the potentially abstract concept of   “ customer ” very personal and human , they enhance your ability to build the empathic   understanding of customers that is at the heart of design thinking . In Tool # 2 , we ’ll talk in more   detail about building and using personas . For now , just think of creating a set of characters and then   using photographs and descriptions to bring them to life . 

 Describe the insight you gained from applying the tool you selected to your challenge   ( e.g. , how an insight affected your thinking about the challenge and about design thinking   more broadly ) . 

 Making your work visible reduces project risk substantially ( and is especially important for effective   cross - disciplinary collaboration ) because words are much more open to interpretation than pictures .   When you explain an idea using words , the rest of us will form our own mental pictures , usually   informed by our training . When you say , “ We need a new growth platform , ” the IT specialist sees   servers and code and exchange rules , the marketing guru sees an advertising campaign , and the   manufacturing manager sees new tooling . And we all think , “ I ’m sure he means what it means to   me , and that sounds good . We ’ll sort out the details later . ” And , of course , that ’s what kills us : We   each go off and do our own thing , based on what your words meant to us . Later , you may well say , 

 “ That ’s not what I was talking about ! ” If instead you present your idea to us by drawing a picture of   it , you reduce the possibility of unmatched mental models . This is no guarantee that we will all agree   with your idea , but now at least we will know what we are disagreeing about . 

 Describe what you might do differently next time -- applying the same tool you selected or   a different one -- and the reason(s ) why . 

 Journey mapping focuses on tracing the customer ’s experience as he or she interacts with a   company in the process of receiving its product or service , with special attention to the emotional   highs and lows and the meaning that the experience holds for the customer . This tool 1 Dan Roam ,   The Back of the Napkin : Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures ( New York : Portfolio , 2008 ) .   -5- UVA - BP-0550 is part of an ethnographic approach to studying customers in their own   environments instead of encountering them in focus groups or surveying them . Its aim is to identify   the customer ’s “ pain points ” and spark innovations that can reduce these low points and maintain   and increase the high points . As we create and then analyze the maps , we are looking for touch   points , moments of truth , and pain points within the journey . These hold the key to identifying   value - creating innovations . And central to these is emotion . Jill Taylor , PhD , a former Harvard   Medical School brain researcher , noted : Sensory information streams in through our sensory   systems and is immediately processed through our limbic system . By the time a message reaches our   cerebral cortex for higher thinking , we have already placed a “ feeling ” upon how we view that   stimulation — is this pain or is this pleasure ? Although many of us may think of ourselves as thinking   creatures that feel , biologically we are feeling creatures that think . 2 Operations experts advise   managers to “ staple yourself to an order ” to really understand the flow of activities within your firm .   We ’re suggesting that you go further and “ staple yourself to a customer”—it may change what you   believe about the customer ’s order . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: Challenge : Describe your challenge , including all relevant information . 

 The September / October 2004 issue of CG&A introduced the term visual analytics to the   computer science literature.1 In 2005 , an international team of multidisciplinary panelists   consensually and collectively defined the then newly established area as “ the science of   analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces . ”2 The means and targets of   VA have since evolved and expanded significantly , covering both scientific and nonscientific   data of different types , shapes , sizes , domains , and applications . As extreme - scale datasets   began revolutionizing our daily working life,3 researchers looked to VA for solutions to their   big - data problems . 

 Today ’s extreme - scale VA applications often combine high - performance computers for   computation , high - performance database appliances and/or cloud servers for data storage and   management , and desktop computers for human - computer interaction . Sources of extreme- scale data often come from models or observations , arising from different scientific ,   engineering , social , and cyber applications . Although many petabyte ( 1015 ) or even terabyte   ( 1012 ) data analytics problems remain unsolved , scientists have begun analyzing exabyte   ( 1018 ) data . 

 Selection : In your own words , briefly describe the tool you selected ( e.g. , what it is and   why you selected it for your challenge -- including any appropriate video lecture   references ) . 

 Consider the famous saying “ a picture is worth a thousand words . ” Images help us grasp things much   more quickly and effectively than words alone . They can capture complex systems on a single page ,   convey meaning in an instant , and tap into powerful emotions . Images make ideas tangible and   concrete , and they allow people to share and develop ideas together . Visualization brings a different   part of our brain into play : It ’s a different way of knowing . We have all heard about the differences   between the “ left brain ” and the “ right brain . ” The left brain , we ’re told , is analytical and logical — it ’s   the “ business ” brain . It likes numbers and language . The right brain contributes much of what makes   us human : emotion and intuition . Visualization is a right - brain tool . Current brain science tells us   that it is not quite that simple , but “ right brain / left brain ” is still a useful metaphor . Part of our brain   ( the right part , according to the metaphor ) is an expert at syntheses , thus tapping into it helps us see   connections and make sense of all the data we will -3- UVA - BP-0550 collect in our exploration   process . Recent brain science studies have taken us a step further in understanding why visualizing   ideas and activities is so important by demonstrating the existence of mirror neurons . Only humans   and orangutans are known to have these neurons ( hence , “ monkey see , monkey do ” ) , which   rehearse the physical steps of an activity we observe without sending the execute command to our   muscles . Therefore , if you are watching someone hitting a baseball , you are actually practicing your   batting swing in your head . You are working all the neurological connections you need to actually   stand up and swing . Consequently , we learn to make something real by seeing it . Seeing can be as   important as doing . Visualization approaches need not be complicated or sophisticated . Just working   together to capture images on a board is a way to think together and get different disciplines on the   same page . 

 Describe how you applied the tool you selected to your challenge ( e.g. , what you did and   how the tool was applied effectively or ineffectively ) . 

 One of the great things about most of the design tools we ’ll discuss ( including visualization ) is that   they require very modest capital investment : a whiteboard and markers . Flip charts , Sharpies , and   Post - it Notes are also extremely useful . More sophisticated aids , such as PowerPoint software ,   digital cameras , and camcorders , can be handy as well . Designers use a more sophisticated set of   software tools , such as Illustrator and Photoshop , but mastering these is n’t necessary to reap the   extraordinary benefits of visual thinking ( though a trained designer is an absolutely invaluable   addition to the team ! ) . -4- UVA - BP-0550 Here are some basics to get you started : 1 . Keep it simple .   Make your visual representations as simple as possible ; basic stick figures can often do the trick . Use   color in a meaningful way . Keep clip art simple and avoid the clutter of multiple fonts and other   fancy effects . Remember : This is not about displaying your artistic ability ; it ’s about using your   imagination . Rudimentary can be better . Creating visuals that are too polished can backfire when   your goal is to solicit feedback . 2 . Start by breaking your problem down into components . In his   bestseller on visual thinking for managers,1 Dan Roam argues that you need to consider only these   components : who , what , how much , where , when , how , and why ? 3 . Learn to think in metaphors   and analogies . Can you come up with an image for every key point ? 4 . Use photographs .   Photographs can be enormously helpful for both capturing data and communicating to others . Think   of a bullet point in a PowerPoint presentation from a financial services organization that reads , “ Our   clients have an average of more than five different accounts . ” Now think of a photograph of a man ’s   wallet stuffed with credit cards and another one of his desk littered with bank statements . What is   the difference in impact between the line of text and the photographs ? How can you marry words   and pictures for maximum communication impact ? 5 . Get comfortable working with personas .   Personas are fictional characters that you can create to exemplify certain customer attributes . They   help you visualize your customers . Because personas make the potentially abstract concept of   “ customer ” very personal and human , they enhance your ability to build the empathic   understanding of customers that is at the heart of design thinking . In Tool # 2 , we ’ll talk in more   detail about building and using personas . For now , just think of creating a set of characters and then   using photographs and descriptions to bring them to life . 

 Describe the insight you gained from applying the tool you selected to your challenge   ( e.g. , how an insight affected your thinking about the challenge and about design thinking   more broadly ) . 

 Making your work visible reduces project risk substantially ( and is especially important for effective   cross - disciplinary collaboration ) because words are much more open to interpretation than pictures .   When you explain an idea using words , the rest of us will form our own mental pictures , usually   informed by our training . When you say , “ We need a new growth platform , ” the IT specialist sees   servers and code and exchange rules , the marketing guru sees an advertising campaign , and the   manufacturing manager sees new tooling . And we all think , “ I ’m sure he means what it means to   me , and that sounds good . We ’ll sort out the details later . ” And , of course , that ’s what kills us : We   each go off and do our own thing , based on what your words meant to us . Later , you may well say , 

 “ That ’s not what I was talking about ! ” If instead you present your idea to us by drawing a picture of   it , you reduce the possibility of unmatched mental models . This is no guarantee that we will all agree   with your idea , but now at least we will know what we are disagreeing about . 

 Describe what you might do differently next time -- applying the same tool you selected or   a different one -- and the reason(s ) why . 

 Journey mapping focuses on tracing the customer ’s experience as he or she interacts with a   company in the process of receiving its product or service , with special attention to the emotional   highs and lows and the meaning that the experience holds for the customer . This tool 1 Dan Roam ,   The Back of the Napkin : Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures ( New York : Portfolio , 2008 ) .   -5- UVA - BP-0550 is part of an ethnographic approach to studying customers in their own   environments instead of encountering them in focus groups or surveying them . Its aim is to identify   the customer ’s “ pain points ” and spark innovations that can reduce these low points and maintain   and increase the high points . As we create and then analyze the maps , we are looking for touch   points , moments of truth , and pain points within the journey . These hold the key to identifying   value - creating innovations . And central to these is emotion . Jill Taylor , PhD , a former Harvard   Medical School brain researcher , noted : Sensory information streams in through our sensory   systems and is immediately processed through our limbic system . By the time a message reaches our   cerebral cortex for higher thinking , we have already placed a “ feeling ” upon how we view that   stimulation — is this pain or is this pleasure ? Although many of us may think of ourselves as thinking   creatures that feel , biologically we are feeling creatures that think . 2 Operations experts advise   managers to “ staple yourself to an order ” to really understand the flow of activities within your firm .   We ’re suggesting that you go further and “ staple yourself to a customer”—it may change what you   believe about the customer ’s order .
### Output: 