Visualization 

 Visualization refers to any activity that takes information beyond text and numbers and into images ,   maps , and stories . Visualizing our ideas makes them look and feel vivid and real to our audience and   us . At its simplest level , visualization is about creating physical images and pictures and stepping   away from our reliance as managers on numbers and text . At a deeper level , it is about seeing with   our mind ’s eye : conjuring up mental images , vivid depictions of our ideas and insights about   customers and their experiences , in a way that makes them human and compelling . Visualization   is n’t about only drawing and photographing ; it ’s also about imagining . Consider the famous saying “ a   picture is worth a thousand words . ” Images help us grasp things much more quickly and effectively   than words alone . They can capture complex systems on a single page , convey meaning in an   instant , and tap into powerful emotions . Images make ideas tangible and concrete , and they allow   people to share and develop ideas together . Visualization brings a different part of our brain into   play : It ’s a different way of knowing . We have all heard about the differences between the “ left   brain ” and the “ right brain . ” The left brain , we ’re told , is analytical and logical — it ’s the “ business ”   brain . It likes numbers and language . The right brain contributes much of what makes us human :   emotion and intuition . Visualization is a right - brain tool . Current brain science tells us that it is not   quite that simple , but “ right brain / left brain ” is still a useful metaphor . Part of our brain ( the right   part , according to the metaphor ) is an expert at syntheses , thus tapping into it helps us see   connections and make sense of all the data we will -3- UVA - IV-8322 collect in our exploration   process . Recent brain science studies have taken us a step further in understanding why visualizing   ideas and activities is so important by demonstrating the existence of mirror neurons . Only humans   and orangutans are known to have these neurons ( hence , “ monkey see , monkey do ” ) , which   rehearse the physical steps of an activity we observe without sending the execute command to our   muscles . Therefore , if you are watching someone hitting a baseball , you are actually practicing your   batting swing in your head . You are working all the neurological connections you need to actually   stand up and swing . Consequently , we learn to make something real by seeing it . Seeing can be as   important as doing . Visualization approaches need not be complicated or sophisticated . Just working   together to capture images on a board is a way to think together and get different disciplines on the   same page . Why we use visualization Making your work visible reduces project risk substantially   ( and is especially important for effective cross - disciplinary collaboration ) because words are much   more open to interpretation than pictures . When you explain an idea using words , the rest of us will   form our own mental pictures , usually informed by our training . When you say , “ We need a new   growth platform , ” the IT specialist sees servers and code and exchange rules , the marketing guru   sees an advertising campaign , and the manufacturing manager sees new tooling . And we all think ,   “ I ’m sure he means what it means to me , and that sounds good . We ’ll sort out the details later . ”   And , of course , that ’s what kills us : We each go off and do our own thing , based on what your words   meant to us . Later , you may well say , “ That ’s not what I was talking about ! ” If instead you present   your idea to us by drawing a picture of it , you reduce the possibility of unmatched mental models .   This is no guarantee that we will all agree with your idea , but now at least we will know what we are   disagreeing about . When we use it Visualization is the “ mother of all design tools”—the common   denominator across all stages of design thinking . It is a core element of many of the other tools   presented in this note , such as journey mapping , prototyping , co - creation , and storytelling . How we   do it One of the great things about most of the design tools we ’ll discuss ( including visualization ) is   that they require very modest capital investment : a whiteboard and markers . Flip charts , Sharpies , 

 and Post - it Notes are also extremely useful . More sophisticated aids , such as PowerPoint software ,   digital cameras , and camcorders , can be handy as well . Designers use a more sophisticated set of   software tools , such as Illustrator and Photoshop , but mastering these is n’t necessary to reap the   extraordinary benefits of visual thinking ( though a trained designer is an absolutely invaluable   addition to the team ! ) . -4- UVA - IV-8322 Here are some basics to get you started : 1 . Keep it simple .   Make your visual representations as simple as possible ; basic stick figures can often do the trick . Use   color in a meaningful way . Keep clip art simple and avoid the clutter of multiple fonts and other   fancy effects . Remember : This is not about displaying your artistic ability ; it ’s about using your   imagination . Rudimentary can be better . Creating visuals that are too polished can backfire when   your goal is to solicit feedback . 2 . Start by breaking your problem down into components . In his   bestseller on visual thinking for managers,1 Dan Roam argues that you need to consider only these   components : who , what , how much , where , when , how , and why ? 3 . Learn to think in metaphors   and analogies . Can you come up with an image for every key point ? 4 . Use photographs .   Photographs can be enormously helpful for both capturing data and communicating to others . Think   of a bullet point in a PowerPoint presentation from a financial services organization that reads , “ Our   clients have an average of more than five different accounts . ” Now think of a photograph of a man ’s   wallet stuffed with credit cards and another one of his desk littered with bank statements . What is   the difference in impact between the line of text and the photographs ? How can you marry words   and pictures for maximum communication impact ? 5 . Get comfortable working with personas .   Personas are fictional characters that you can create to exemplify certain customer attributes . They   help you visualize your customers . Because personas make the potentially abstract concept of   “ customer ” very personal and human , they enhance your ability to build the empathic   understanding of customers that is at the heart of design thinking . In Tool # 2 , we ’ll talk in more   detail about building and using personas . For now , just think of creating a set of characters and then   using photographs and descriptions to bring them to life . The basic data you are communicating may   not change ; but the way you communicate those data does . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: IV-8322, IV-8322
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: Visualization 

 Visualization refers to any activity that takes information beyond text and numbers and into images ,   maps , and stories . Visualizing our ideas makes them look and feel vivid and real to our audience and   us . At its simplest level , visualization is about creating physical images and pictures and stepping   away from our reliance as managers on numbers and text . At a deeper level , it is about seeing with   our mind ’s eye : conjuring up mental images , vivid depictions of our ideas and insights about   customers and their experiences , in a way that makes them human and compelling . Visualization   is n’t about only drawing and photographing ; it ’s also about imagining . Consider the famous saying “ a   picture is worth a thousand words . ” Images help us grasp things much more quickly and effectively   than words alone . They can capture complex systems on a single page , convey meaning in an   instant , and tap into powerful emotions . Images make ideas tangible and concrete , and they allow   people to share and develop ideas together . Visualization brings a different part of our brain into   play : It ’s a different way of knowing . We have all heard about the differences between the “ left   brain ” and the “ right brain . ” The left brain , we ’re told , is analytical and logical — it ’s the “ business ”   brain . It likes numbers and language . The right brain contributes much of what makes us human :   emotion and intuition . Visualization is a right - brain tool . Current brain science tells us that it is not   quite that simple , but “ right brain / left brain ” is still a useful metaphor . Part of our brain ( the right   part , according to the metaphor ) is an expert at syntheses , thus tapping into it helps us see   connections and make sense of all the data we will -3- UVA - IV-8322 collect in our exploration   process . Recent brain science studies have taken us a step further in understanding why visualizing   ideas and activities is so important by demonstrating the existence of mirror neurons . Only humans   and orangutans are known to have these neurons ( hence , “ monkey see , monkey do ” ) , which   rehearse the physical steps of an activity we observe without sending the execute command to our   muscles . Therefore , if you are watching someone hitting a baseball , you are actually practicing your   batting swing in your head . You are working all the neurological connections you need to actually   stand up and swing . Consequently , we learn to make something real by seeing it . Seeing can be as   important as doing . Visualization approaches need not be complicated or sophisticated . Just working   together to capture images on a board is a way to think together and get different disciplines on the   same page . Why we use visualization Making your work visible reduces project risk substantially   ( and is especially important for effective cross - disciplinary collaboration ) because words are much   more open to interpretation than pictures . When you explain an idea using words , the rest of us will   form our own mental pictures , usually informed by our training . When you say , “ We need a new   growth platform , ” the IT specialist sees servers and code and exchange rules , the marketing guru   sees an advertising campaign , and the manufacturing manager sees new tooling . And we all think ,   “ I ’m sure he means what it means to me , and that sounds good . We ’ll sort out the details later . ”   And , of course , that ’s what kills us : We each go off and do our own thing , based on what your words   meant to us . Later , you may well say , “ That ’s not what I was talking about ! ” If instead you present   your idea to us by drawing a picture of it , you reduce the possibility of unmatched mental models .   This is no guarantee that we will all agree with your idea , but now at least we will know what we are   disagreeing about . When we use it Visualization is the “ mother of all design tools”—the common   denominator across all stages of design thinking . It is a core element of many of the other tools   presented in this note , such as journey mapping , prototyping , co - creation , and storytelling . How we   do it One of the great things about most of the design tools we ’ll discuss ( including visualization ) is   that they require very modest capital investment : a whiteboard and markers . Flip charts , Sharpies , 

 and Post - it Notes are also extremely useful . More sophisticated aids , such as PowerPoint software ,   digital cameras , and camcorders , can be handy as well . Designers use a more sophisticated set of   software tools , such as Illustrator and Photoshop , but mastering these is n’t necessary to reap the   extraordinary benefits of visual thinking ( though a trained designer is an absolutely invaluable   addition to the team ! ) . -4- UVA - IV-8322 Here are some basics to get you started : 1 . Keep it simple .   Make your visual representations as simple as possible ; basic stick figures can often do the trick . Use   color in a meaningful way . Keep clip art simple and avoid the clutter of multiple fonts and other   fancy effects . Remember : This is not about displaying your artistic ability ; it ’s about using your   imagination . Rudimentary can be better . Creating visuals that are too polished can backfire when   your goal is to solicit feedback . 2 . Start by breaking your problem down into components . In his   bestseller on visual thinking for managers,1 Dan Roam argues that you need to consider only these   components : who , what , how much , where , when , how , and why ? 3 . Learn to think in metaphors   and analogies . Can you come up with an image for every key point ? 4 . Use photographs .   Photographs can be enormously helpful for both capturing data and communicating to others . Think   of a bullet point in a PowerPoint presentation from a financial services organization that reads , “ Our   clients have an average of more than five different accounts . ” Now think of a photograph of a man ’s   wallet stuffed with credit cards and another one of his desk littered with bank statements . What is   the difference in impact between the line of text and the photographs ? How can you marry words   and pictures for maximum communication impact ? 5 . Get comfortable working with personas .   Personas are fictional characters that you can create to exemplify certain customer attributes . They   help you visualize your customers . Because personas make the potentially abstract concept of   “ customer ” very personal and human , they enhance your ability to build the empathic   understanding of customers that is at the heart of design thinking . In Tool # 2 , we ’ll talk in more   detail about building and using personas . For now , just think of creating a set of characters and then   using photographs and descriptions to bring them to life . The basic data you are communicating may   not change ; but the way you communicate those data does .
### Output: 