STORY TELLING 

 Storytelling describes the social and cultural activity of sharing stories , sometimes   with improvisation , theatrics or embellishment . Every culture has its own stories or narratives , which are   shared as a means of entertainment , education , cultural preservation or instilling moral values.[1 ] Crucial   elements of stories and storytelling include plot , characters and narrative point of view . 

 The term " storytelling " can refer in a narrow sense specifically to oral storytelling and also in a looser   sense to techniques used in other media to unfold or disclose the narrative of a story .   HISTORICAL TELLING 

 Storytelling predates writing . The earliest forms of storytelling were usually oral combined with gestures   and expressions . In addition to being part of religious rituals , some archaeologists believe rock art may   have served as a form of storytelling for many ancient cultures.[2 ] The Australian aboriginal people painted   symbols from stories on cave walls as a means of helping the storyteller remember the story . The story   was then told using a combination of oral narrative , music , rock art and dance , which bring   understanding and meaning of human existence through remembrance and enactment of   stories.[3 ] People have used the carved trunks of living trees and ephemeral media ( such as sand and   leaves ) to record stories in pictures or with writing . Complex forms of tattooing may also represent   stories , with information about genealogy , affiliation and social status.[4 ] 

 With the advent of writing and the use of stable , portable media , stories were recorded , transcribed and   shared over wide regions of the world . Stories have been carved , scratched , painted , printed or inked   onto wood or bamboo , ivory and other bones , pottery , clay tablets , stone , palm - leaf books , skins   ( parchment ) , bark cloth , paper , silk , canvas and other textiles , recorded on film and stored electronically   in digital form . Oral stories continue to be created , improvisation ally by impromptu storytellers , as well   as committed to memory and passed from generation to generation , despite the increasing popularity of   written and televised media in much of the world . 

 Storytelling is a means for sharing and interpreting experiences . Peter L. Berger says human life is   narratively rooted , humans construct their lives and shape their world into homes in terms of these   groundings and memories . Stories are universal in that they can bridge cultural , linguistic and age - related   divides . Storytelling can be adaptive for all ages , leaving out the notion of age segregation.[18 ] Storytelling   can be used as a method to teach ethics , values and cultural norms and differences.[19 ] Learning is most   effective when it takes place in social environments that provide authentic social cues about how   knowledge is to be applied.[20 ] Stories function as a tool to pass on knowledge in a social context . So ,   every story has 3 parts . First , The setup ( The Hero 's world before the adventure starts ) . Second , The   Confrontation ( The hero 's world turned upside down ) . Third , The Resolution ( Hero conquers villain , but   it 's not enough for Hero to survive . The Hero or World must be transformed ) . Any story can be framed in   such format . 

 Types of storytelling in indigenous peoples 

 There are various types of stories among many indigenous communities . Communication in Indigenous   American communities is rich with stories , myths , philosophies and narratives that serve as a means to   exchange information.[39 ] These stories may be used for coming of age themes , core values , morality ,   literacy and history . Very often , the stories are used to instruct and teach children about cultural values   and lessons.[37 ] The meaning within the stories is not always explicit , and children are expected to make   their own meaning of the stories . In the Lakota Tribe of North America , for example , young girls are often   told the story of the White Buffalo Calf Woman , who is a spiritual figure that protects young girls from   the whims of men . In the Odawa Tribe , young boys are often told the story of a young man who never   took care of his body , and as a result , his feet fail to run when he tries to escape predators . This story   serves as an indirect means of encouraging the young boys to take care of their bodies.[40 ] 

 are considered part of the close - knit community . Narratives can be shared to express the values or   morals among family , relatives , or people who Many stories in indigenous American communities all have   a " surface " story , that entails knowing certain information and clues to unlocking the metaphors in the   story . The underlying message of the story being told , can be understood and interpreted with clues that   hint to a certain interpretation.[41 ] In order to make meaning from these stories , elders in   the Sto : lo community for example , emphasize the importance in learning how to listen , since it requires   the senses to bring one 's heart and mind together.[41 ] For instance , a way in which children learn about   the metaphors significant for the society they live in , is by listening to their elders and participating in   rituals where they respect one another.[42 ] 

 Some people also make a case for different narrative forms being classified as storytelling in the   contemporary world . For example , digital storytelling , online and dice - and - paper - based role - playing   games . In traditional role - playing games , storytelling is done by the person who controls the environment   and the non - playing fictional characters , and moves the story elements along for the players as they   interact with the storyteller . The game is advanced by mainly verbal interactions , with dice roll   determining random events in the fictional universe , where the players interact with each other and the   storyteller . This type of game has many genres , such as sci - fi and fantasy , as well as alternate - reality   worlds based on the current reality , but with different setting and beings such as werewolves , aliens ,   daemons , or hidden societies . These oral - based role - playing games were very popular in the 1990s   among circles of youth in many countries before computer and console - based online MMORPG 's took   their place . Despite the prevalence of computer - based MMORPGs , the dice - and - paper RPG still has a   dedicated following . 


EMAIL: 
ID_NUM: 
NAME_STUDENT: 
PHONE_NUM: 
STREET_ADDRESS: 
URL_PERSONAL: 
USERNAME: 

### Task: You are a PII (Personal Identity Information) Detection. Given a essays written by students, you have to identify ONLY the following:
NAME_STUDENT - The full or partial name of a student that is not necessarily the author of the essay. This excludes instructors, authors, and other person names.
EMAIL - A student’s email address.
USERNAME - A student's username on any platform.
ID_NUM - A number or sequence of characters that could be used to identify a student, such as a student ID or a social security number.
PHONE_NUM - A phone number associated with a student.
URL_PERSONAL - A URL that might be used to identify a student.
STREET_ADDRESS - A full or partial street address that is associated with the student, such as their home address.
### Input: STORY TELLING 

 Storytelling describes the social and cultural activity of sharing stories , sometimes   with improvisation , theatrics or embellishment . Every culture has its own stories or narratives , which are   shared as a means of entertainment , education , cultural preservation or instilling moral values.[1 ] Crucial   elements of stories and storytelling include plot , characters and narrative point of view . 

 The term " storytelling " can refer in a narrow sense specifically to oral storytelling and also in a looser   sense to techniques used in other media to unfold or disclose the narrative of a story .   HISTORICAL TELLING 

 Storytelling predates writing . The earliest forms of storytelling were usually oral combined with gestures   and expressions . In addition to being part of religious rituals , some archaeologists believe rock art may   have served as a form of storytelling for many ancient cultures.[2 ] The Australian aboriginal people painted   symbols from stories on cave walls as a means of helping the storyteller remember the story . The story   was then told using a combination of oral narrative , music , rock art and dance , which bring   understanding and meaning of human existence through remembrance and enactment of   stories.[3 ] People have used the carved trunks of living trees and ephemeral media ( such as sand and   leaves ) to record stories in pictures or with writing . Complex forms of tattooing may also represent   stories , with information about genealogy , affiliation and social status.[4 ] 

 With the advent of writing and the use of stable , portable media , stories were recorded , transcribed and   shared over wide regions of the world . Stories have been carved , scratched , painted , printed or inked   onto wood or bamboo , ivory and other bones , pottery , clay tablets , stone , palm - leaf books , skins   ( parchment ) , bark cloth , paper , silk , canvas and other textiles , recorded on film and stored electronically   in digital form . Oral stories continue to be created , improvisation ally by impromptu storytellers , as well   as committed to memory and passed from generation to generation , despite the increasing popularity of   written and televised media in much of the world . 

 Storytelling is a means for sharing and interpreting experiences . Peter L. Berger says human life is   narratively rooted , humans construct their lives and shape their world into homes in terms of these   groundings and memories . Stories are universal in that they can bridge cultural , linguistic and age - related   divides . Storytelling can be adaptive for all ages , leaving out the notion of age segregation.[18 ] Storytelling   can be used as a method to teach ethics , values and cultural norms and differences.[19 ] Learning is most   effective when it takes place in social environments that provide authentic social cues about how   knowledge is to be applied.[20 ] Stories function as a tool to pass on knowledge in a social context . So ,   every story has 3 parts . First , The setup ( The Hero 's world before the adventure starts ) . Second , The   Confrontation ( The hero 's world turned upside down ) . Third , The Resolution ( Hero conquers villain , but   it 's not enough for Hero to survive . The Hero or World must be transformed ) . Any story can be framed in   such format . 

 Types of storytelling in indigenous peoples 

 There are various types of stories among many indigenous communities . Communication in Indigenous   American communities is rich with stories , myths , philosophies and narratives that serve as a means to   exchange information.[39 ] These stories may be used for coming of age themes , core values , morality ,   literacy and history . Very often , the stories are used to instruct and teach children about cultural values   and lessons.[37 ] The meaning within the stories is not always explicit , and children are expected to make   their own meaning of the stories . In the Lakota Tribe of North America , for example , young girls are often   told the story of the White Buffalo Calf Woman , who is a spiritual figure that protects young girls from   the whims of men . In the Odawa Tribe , young boys are often told the story of a young man who never   took care of his body , and as a result , his feet fail to run when he tries to escape predators . This story   serves as an indirect means of encouraging the young boys to take care of their bodies.[40 ] 

 are considered part of the close - knit community . Narratives can be shared to express the values or   morals among family , relatives , or people who Many stories in indigenous American communities all have   a " surface " story , that entails knowing certain information and clues to unlocking the metaphors in the   story . The underlying message of the story being told , can be understood and interpreted with clues that   hint to a certain interpretation.[41 ] In order to make meaning from these stories , elders in   the Sto : lo community for example , emphasize the importance in learning how to listen , since it requires   the senses to bring one 's heart and mind together.[41 ] For instance , a way in which children learn about   the metaphors significant for the society they live in , is by listening to their elders and participating in   rituals where they respect one another.[42 ] 

 Some people also make a case for different narrative forms being classified as storytelling in the   contemporary world . For example , digital storytelling , online and dice - and - paper - based role - playing   games . In traditional role - playing games , storytelling is done by the person who controls the environment   and the non - playing fictional characters , and moves the story elements along for the players as they   interact with the storyteller . The game is advanced by mainly verbal interactions , with dice roll   determining random events in the fictional universe , where the players interact with each other and the   storyteller . This type of game has many genres , such as sci - fi and fantasy , as well as alternate - reality   worlds based on the current reality , but with different setting and beings such as werewolves , aliens ,   daemons , or hidden societies . These oral - based role - playing games were very popular in the 1990s   among circles of youth in many countries before computer and console - based online MMORPG 's took   their place . Despite the prevalence of computer - based MMORPGs , the dice - and - paper RPG still has a   dedicated following .
### Output: 