python programming fig reference and object at objects any time you see an assignment statementyou should remember that the thing on the left side of the equals sign is reference and the thing on the right side is either another reference or newly created object in this casewriting makes new object and then points at this object other literal values may be written in python as well here are some literal values that are possible in python int literals - etc float literals - str literals'hi there'"how are youlist literals[][ 'hi there'dict literals{}{'hi there': 'how are you': python lets you specify float literals with an exponent so represents the float any number written with decimal point is floatwhether there is or some other value after the decimal point if you write number using the or exponent notationit is float as well any number without decimal point is an intunless it is written in notation string literals are surrounded by either single or double quotes list literals are surrounded by and the [literal represents the empty list the {literal is the empty dictionary you may not have previously used dictionaries dictionary is mapping of keys to values in the dictionary literalthe key 'hi thereis mapped to the value and the key 'how are youis mapped to dictionaries will be covered in some detail in chap non-literal object creation most of the timewhen an object is createdit is not created from literal value of coursewe need literal values in programming languagesbut most of the time we have an object already and want to create another object by using one or more existing objects for instanceif we have string in pythonlike ' and want to create an int object from that stringwe can do the following ' int(yprint(xthis copy belongs to 'acha