sscasc@tumkur frequently used specifiers specifier format " fformat the float item with width and precision " eformat the float item in scientific notation with width and precision " dformat the integer item in decimal with width " xformat the integer item in hexadecimal with width " oformat the integer item in octal with width " bformat the integer item in binary with width " %format the number in decimal " sformat the string item with width "< fleft-justify the formatted item "> fright-justify the formatted item placeholder substitution within formatting string print('{ { }format( ** )this expression has two main parts'{ { }'this is known as the formatting string it is python string because it is sequence of characters enclosed with quotes notice that the program at no time prints the literal string { { this formatting string serves as pattern that the second part of the expression will use { and { are placeholdersknown as positional parametersto be replaced by other objects this formatting stringthereforerepresents two objects separated by single space format( ** )this part provides arguments to be substituted into the formatting string the first argument will take the position of the { positional parameter in the formatting string the value of the second argument ** which is will replace the { positional parameter sp_python programming