data mean median modemoderesult(mode=array([ ])count=array([ ])standard deviation variance skew- kurtosis- libraries and frameworks like pandasscipyand numpy in general help us compute descriptive statistics and summarize data easily in python we cover these frameworks as well as basic data analysis and visualization in and inferential statistics are used when we want to test hypothesisdraw inferencesand conclusions about various characteristics of our data sample or population frameworks and techniques like hypothesis testingcorrelationand regression analysisforecastingand predictions are typically used for any form of inferential statistics we look at this in much detail in subsequent when we cover predictive analytics as well as time series based forecasting data mining the field of data mining involves processesmethodologiestools and techniques to discover and extract patternsknowledgeinsights and valuable information from non-trivial datasets datasets are defined as non-trivial when they are substantially huge usually available from databases and data warehouses once againdata mining itself is multi-disciplinary fieldincorporating concepts and techniques from mathematicsstatisticscomputer sciencedatabasesmachine learning and data science the term is misnomer in general since the "miningrefers to the mining of actual insights or information from the data and not data itselfin the whole process of kdd or knowledge discovery in databasesdata mining is the step where all the analysis takes place in generalboth kdd as well as data mining are closely linked with machine learning since they are all concerned with analyzing data to extract useful patterns and insights hence methodologiesconceptstechniquesand processes are shared among them the standard process for data mining followed in the industry is known as the crisp-dm modelwhich we discuss in more detail in an upcoming section in this artificial intelligence the field of artificial intelligence encompasses multiple sub-fields including machine learningnatural language processingdata miningand so on it can be defined as the artscience and engineering of making intelligent agentsmachines and programs the field aims to provide solutions for one simple yet extremely tough objective"can machines thinkreasonand act like human beings?ai in fact existed as early as the when people started asking such questions and conducting research and development on building tools that could work on concepts instead of numbers like calculator does progress in ai took place in steady pace with discoveries and inventions by alan turingmccullouchand pitts artificial neurons ai was revived once again after slowdown till the with success of expert systemsthe resurgence of neural networks thanks to hopfieldrumelhartmcclellandhintonand many more faster and better computation thanks to moore' law led to fields like data miningmachine learning and even deep learning come into prominence to solve complex problems that would otherwise have been impossible to solve using traditional approaches figure - shows some of the major facets under the broad umbrella of ai