complex or proprietary languages in this last technical of this bookwe're going to take brief look at tools for interfacing with -language componentsand discuss both python' ability to be used as an embedded language tool in other systemsand its interfaces for extending python scripts with new modules implemented in -compatible languages we'll also briefly explore other integration techniques that are less specificsuch as jython notice that said "briefin the preceding paragraph because not all python programmers need to master this topicbecause it requires studying language code and makefilesand because this is the final of an already in-depth bookthis omits details that are readily available in both python' standard manual setand the source code of python itself insteadhere we'll take quick look at handful of basic examples to help get you started in this domainand hint at the possibilities they imply for python systems extending and embedding before we get to any codei want to start out by defining what we mean by "integrationhere although that term can be interpreted almost as widely as "object,our focus in this is on tight integration--where control is transferred between languages by simpledirectand fast in-process function call although it is also possible to link components of an application less directly using ipc and networking tools such as sockets and pipes that we explored earlier in the bookwe are interested in this part of the book in more direct and efficient techniques when you mix python with components written in (or other compiled languages)either python or can be "on top because of thatthere are two distinct integration modes and two distinct apisthe extending interface for running compiled library code from python programs the embedding interface for running python code from compiled programs extending generally has three main rolesto optimize programs--recoding parts of program in is last-resort performance boostto leverage existing libraries--opening them up for use in python code extends their reachand to allow python programs to do things not directly supported by the language--python code cannot normally access devices at absolute memory addressesfor instancebut can call functions that do for examplethe numpy package for python is largely an instance of extending at workby integrating optimized numeric librariesit turns python into flexible and efficient system for numeric programming that some compare to matlab python/ integration