finallywe have the setup_module and teardown_module functionswhich are run immediately before and after all tests (in functions or classesin that module these can be useful for "one timesetupsuch as creating socket or database connection that will be used by all tests in the module be careful with this oneas it can accidentally introduce dependencies between tests if the object being set up stores the state that short description doesn' do great job of explaining exactly when these methods are calledso let' look at an example that illustrates exactly when it happensdef setup_module(module)print("setting up module { }formatmodule __name__)def teardown_module(module)print("tearing down module { }formatmodule __name__)def test_a_function()print("running test function"class basetestdef setup_class(cls)print("setting up class { }formatcls __name__)def teardown_class(cls)print("tearing down class { }\nformatcls __name__)def setup_method(selfmethod)print("setting up method { }formatmethod __name__)def teardown_method(selfmethod)print("tearing down method { }formatmethod __name__)class testclass (basetest)def test_method_ (self)print("running method - "def test_method_ (self)