programming languages programming language is language that has its own set of symbolswordstokensand operators having their own significance and meaning thus syntax and semantics combine to form formal language in itself this language can be used to write computer programswhich are basically real-world implementations of algorithms that can be used to specify specific instructions to the computer such that it carries our necessary computation and operations programming languages can be low level like and assembly or high level languages like java and python ode this is basically source code that forms the foundation of computer programs code is written using programming languages and consists of collection of computer statements and instructions to make the computer perform specific desired tasks code helps convert algorithms into programs using programming languages we will be using python to implement most of our real-world machine learning solutions data structures data structures are specialized structures that are used to manage data basically they are real-world implementations for abstract data type specifications that can be used to storeretrievemanageand operate on data efficiently there is whole suite of data structures like arraysliststuplesrecordsstructuresunionsclassesand many more we will be using python data structures like listsarraysdataframesand dictionaries extensively to operate on real-world datad ata science the field of data science is very diverseinter-disciplinary field which encompasses multiple fields that we depicted in figure - data science basically deals with principlesmethodologiesprocessestoolsand techniques to gather knowledge or information from data (structured as well as unstructureddata science is more of compilation of processestechniquesand methodologies to foster data-driven decision based culture in fact drew conway' "data science venn diagram,depicted in figure - shows the core components and essence of data sciencewhich in fact went viral and became insanely popular