modules format for configuration files (similar to old-style windows ini filesis specified in rfc and the configparser module provides functions for reading and writing such files many applicationsfor exampleexcelcan read and write csv (comma separated valuedataor variants such as tab-delimited data the csv module can read and write these formatsand can account for the idiosyncracies that prevent csv files from being straightforward to handle directly in addition to its support of various file formatsthe standard library also has packages and modules that provide data persistence the pickle module is used to store and retrieve arbitrary python objects (including entire collectionsto and from diskthis module is covered in the library also supports dbm files of various kinds--these are like dictionaries except that their items are stored on disk rather than in memoryand both their keys and their values must be bytes objects or strings the shelve modulecovered in can be used to provide dbm files with string keys and arbitrary python objects as values--the module seamlessly converts the python objects to and from bytes objects behind the scenes the dbm modulespython' database apiand using the built-in sqlite database are all covered in examplethe base module the base module is mostly used for handling binary data that is embedded in emails as ascii text it can also be used to store binary data inside py files the first step is to get the binary data into base format here we assume that the base module has been imported and that the path and filename of png file are in the variable left_align_pngbinary open(left_align_png"rb"read(ascii_text "for ic in enumerate(base encode(binary))if and = ascii_text +"\\\nascii_text +chr(cleft_align png this code snippet reads the file in binary mode and converts it to base string of ascii characters every sixty-eighth character backslash-newline combination is added this limits the width of the lines of ascii characters to but ensures that when the data is read back the newlines will be ignored (because the backslash will escape themthe ascii text obtained like this can be stored as bytes literal in py filefor exampleleft_align_png """ivborw kggoaaaansuheugaaacaaaaagcayaaabzenr aaaabgdbtueaalgpc/xhbqaabytes type