covariance and correlation nextwe're going to talk about covariance and correlation let' say have two different attributes of something and want to see if they're actually related to each other or not this section will give you the mathematical tools you need to do soand we'll dive into some examples and actually figure out covariance and correlation using python these are ways of measuring whether two different attributes are related to each other in set of datawhich can be very useful thing to find out defining the concepts imagine we have scatter plotand each one of the data points represents person that we measuredand we're plotting their age on one axis versus their income on another each one of these dots would represent personfor example their value represents their age and the value represents their income ' totally making this upthis is fake data now if had scatter plot that looks like the left one in the preceding imageyou see that these values tend to lie all over the placeand this would tell you that there' no real correlation between age and income based on this data for any given agethere can be huge range of incomes and they tend to be clustered around the middlebut we're not really seeing very clear relationship between these two different attributes of age and income now in contrastin the scatter plot on the right you can see there' very clear linear relationship between age and income