pop([ ]removes and returns items with index defaults to the last item ( - if not specified remove(xremoves the first occurrence of item reverse(reverses the order of items tobytes(convert the array to machine values and returns the bytes representation tofile(fwrites all itemsas machine valuesto file object tolist(converts the array to list tounicode(convert an array to unicode string the array type must be 'uor else valueerror is raised array objects support all the normal sequence operations such as indexingslicingconcatenationand multiplication using arraysas opposed to listsis much more efficient way of storing data that is all of the same type in the following examplewe have created an integer array of the digits from to million minus and an identical list storing million integers in an integer array requires around of the memory of an equivalent listbecause we are interested in saving spacethat iswe are dealing with large datasets and limited memory sizewe usually perform in-place operations on arraysand only create copies when we need to typicallyenumerate is used to perform an operation on each element in the following snippetwe perform the simple operation of adding one to each item in the array