[ show all the byte' int values [ :] [:- ( 'pam' 'spa'len( 'lmnb'spamlmnb 'spamspamspamspamother ways to make bytes objects so farwe've been mostly making bytes objects with the bliteral syntax we can also create them by calling the bytes constructor with str and an encoding namecalling the bytes constructor with an iterable of integers representing byte valuesor encoding str object per the default (or passed-inencoding as we've seenencoding takes text str and returns the raw encoded byte values of the string per the encoding specifiedconverselydecoding takes raw bytes sequence and translates it to its str text string representation-- series of unicode characters both operations create new string objectsb 'abcb 'abcliteral bytes('abc''ascii' 'abcconstructor with encoding name ord(' ' bytes([ ] 'abcb 'spamencode( 'spams decode( 'spaminteger iterable str encode((or bytes()bytes decode((or str()from functional perspectivethe last two of these operations are really tools for converting between str and bytesa topic introduced earlier and expanded upon in the next section using bytes objects