introduction to machine learning and deep learning machine learning in formal termswe define machine learning as the field within ai where intelligence is added without explicit programming human beings acquire knowledge for any task through learning given this observationthe focus of subsequent work in ai shifted over decade or two to algorithms that improved their performance based on data provided to them the focus of this subfield was to develop algorithms that acquired relevant knowledge for task/problem domain given data it is important to note that this knowledge acquisition relied on labeled data and suitable representation of labeled data as defined by human being considerfor examplethe problem of diagnosing disease for such taska human expert would collect lot of cases where patient had and did not have the disease in question thenthe human expert would identify number of features that would aid in making the prediction-for examplethe age and gender of the patientand the results from number of diagnostic testssuch as blood pressureblood sugaretc the human expert would compile all this data and represent it in suitable form--for exampleby scaling/normalizing the dataetc once this data were prepareda machine learning algorithm could learn how to infer whether the patient has the disease or not by generalizing from the labeled data note that the labeled data consisted of patients that both have and do not have the disease soin essencethe underlying machine language algorithm is essentially doing the job of finding mathematical function that can produce the right outcome (disease or no diseasegiven the inputs (features like agegenderdata from diagnostic testsand so forthfinding the simplest mathematical function that predicts the outputs with the required level of accuracy is at the heart of the field of machine learning for examplequestions related to the number of examples required to learn task or the time complexity of an algorithm are specific areas for which the field of ml has provided answers with theoretical justification the field has matured to point wheregiven enough data