list of individual characters and join it back together with nothing betweenor use the newer bytearray type available in pythons and laters 'shrubberyl list(sl [' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ' [ ' 'join( 'scrubberyexpand to listchange it in place join with empty delimiter bytes/list hybrid (ahead'bneeded in xnot [iord(cworks here too bytearray( 'spam' extend( 'eggs' bytearray( 'spameggs' decode('spameggstranslate to normal string the bytearray supports in-place changes for textbut only for text whose characters are all at most -bits wide ( asciiall other strings are still immutable--bytear ray is distinct hybrid of immutable bytes strings (whose bsyntax is required in and optional in xand mutable lists (coded and displayed in [])and we have to learn more about both these and unicode text to fully grasp this code type-specific methods every string operation we've studied so far is really sequence operation--that isthese operations will work on other sequences in python as wellincluding lists and tuples in addition to generic sequence operationsthoughstrings also have operations all their ownavailable as methods--functions that are attached to and act upon specific objectwhich are triggered with call expression for examplethe string find method is the basic substring search operation (it returns the offset of the passed-in substringor - if it is not present)and the string replace method performs global searches and replacementsboth act on the subject that they are attached to and called froms 'spams find('pa' 'spams replace('pa''xyz''sxyzms 'spamfind the offset of substring in replace occurrences of string in with another againdespite the names of these string methodswe are not changing the original strings herebut creating new strings as the results--because strings are immutablethis is the only way this can work string methods are the first line of text-processing introducing python object types