is usually substantially slower than normal when numbers grow large howeverif you need the precisionthe fact that it' built in for you to use will likely outweigh its performance penalty complex numbers although less commonly used than the types we've been exploring thus farcomplex numbers are distinct core object type in python they are typically used in engineering and science applications if you know what they areyou know why they are usefulif notconsider this section optional reading complex numbers are represented as two floating-point numbers--the real and imaginary parts--and you code them by adding or suffix to the imaginary part we can also write complex numbers with nonzero real part by adding the two parts with for examplethe complex number with real part of and an imaginary part of - is written - here are some examples of complex math at work (- + ( + ( ( + jcomplex numbers also allow us to extract their parts as attributessupport all the usual mathematical expressionsand may be processed with tools in the standard cmath module (the complex version of the standard math modulebecause complex numbers are rare in most programming domainsthoughwe'll skip the rest of this story here check python' language reference manual for additional details hexoctalbinaryliterals and conversions python integers can be coded in hexadecimaloctaland binary notationin addition to the normal base- decimal coding we've been using so far the first three of these may at first seem foreign to -fingered beingsbut some programmers find them convenient alternatives for specifying valuesespecially when their mapping to bytes and bits is important the coding rules were introduced briefly at the start of this let' look at some live examples here keep in mind that these literals are simply an alternative syntax for specifying the value of an integer object for examplethe following literals coded in python or produce normal integers with the specified values in all three bases in memoryan integer' value is the sameregardless of the base we use to specify it ( xff octal literalsbase digits - ( +hex literalsbase digits - / - ( xnumbers in action