what is deep learningfinding these transformationsthey're merely searching through predefined set of operationscalled hypothesis space so that' what machine learning istechnicallysearching for useful representations of some input datawithin predefined space of possibilitiesusing guidance from feedback signal this simple idea allows for solving remarkably broad range of intellectual tasksfrom speech recognition to autonomous car driving now that you understand what we mean by learninglet' take look at what makes deep learning special the deepin deep learning deep learning is specific subfield of machine learninga new take on learning representations from data that puts an emphasis on learning successive layers of increasingly meaningful representations the deep in deep learning isn' reference to any kind of deeper understanding achieved by the approachratherit stands for this idea of successive layers of representations how many layers contribute to model of the data is called the depth of the model other appropriate names for the field could have been layered representations learning and hierarchical representations learning modern deep learning often involves tens or even hundreds of successive layers of representations-and they're all learned automatically from exposure to training data meanwhileother approaches to machine learning tend to focus on learning only one or two layers of representations of the datahencethey're sometimes called shallow learning in deep learningthese layered representations are (almost alwayslearned via models called neural networksstructured in literal layers stacked on top of each other the term neural network is reference to neurobiologybut although some of the central concepts in deep learning were developed in part by drawing inspiration from our understanding of the braindeep-learning models are not models of the brain there' no evidence that the brain implements anything like the learning mechanisms used in modern deep-learning models you may come across pop-science articles proclaiming that deep learning works like the brain or was modeled after the brainbut that isn' the case it would be confusing and counterproductive for newcomers to the field to think of deep learning as being in any way related to neurobiologyyou don' need that shroud of "just like our mindsmystique and mysteryand you may as well forget anything you may have read about hypothetical links between deep learning and biology for our purposesdeep learning is mathematical framework for learning representations from data licensed to