the world google deepmind' alphago beats world-class professional fan hui at the game go in alphago defeats lee sedoland in alphago defeats ke jie in new version called alphago zero defeats the previous alphago version to zero alphago zero incorporates unsupervised learning techniques and masters go just by playing itself google launches major revamp to its language translationgoogle translatereplacing its existing phrase-based translation system with deep learning-based neural machine translation systemreducing translation errors by up to and approaching near human-level accuracy libratusdeveloped by carnegie mellonwins at head-to-head no-limit texas hold'em openai-trained bot beats professional gamer at dota tournament from narrow ai to agi of coursethese successes in applying ai to narrowly defined problems are just starting point there is growing belief in the ai community that--by combining several weak ai systems--we can develop strong ai this strong ai or agi agent will be capable of human-level performance at many broadly defined tasks soon after ai achieves human-level performancesome researchers predict this strong ai will surpass human intelligence and reach so-called superintelligence estimates for attaining such superintelligence range from as little as years to as many as years from nowbut most researchers believe ai will advance enough to achieve this in few generations is this inflated hype once again (like what we saw in previous ai cycles)or is it different this time aroundonly time will tell objective and approach most of the successful commercial applications to date--in areas such as computer visionspeech recognitionmachine translationand natural language processing-have involved supervised learningtaking advantage of labeled datasets howevermost of the world' data is unlabeled in this bookwe will cover the field of unsupervised learning (which is branch of machine learning used to find hidden patternsand learn the underlying structure in unlabeled data according to many industry expertssuch as yann lecunthe director of ai research at facebook and professor at nyuunsupervised learning is the preface xv