once you've created string with the literal expressions we just metyou will almost certainly want to do things with it this section and the next two demonstrate string expressionsmethodsand formatting--the first line of text-processing tools in the python language basic operations let' begin by interacting with the python interpreter to illustrate the basic string operations listed earlier in table - you can concatenate strings using the operator and repeat them using the operatorpython len('abc' 'abc'def'abcdef'ni! 'ni!ni!ni!ni!lengthnumber of items concatenationa new string repetitionlike "ni!"ni!the len built-in function here returns the length of string (or any other object with lengthformallyadding two string objects with creates new string objectwith the contents of its operands joinedand repetition with is like adding string to itself number of times in both casespython lets you create arbitrarily sized stringsthere' no need to predeclare anything in pythonincluding the sizes of data structures--you simply create string objects as needed and let python manage the underlying memory space automatically (see for more on python' memory management "garbage collector"repetition may seem bit obscure at firstbut it comes in handy in surprising number of contexts for exampleto print line of dashesyou can count up to or let python count for youprint(more ---'print('- dashesthe hard way dashesthe easy way notice that operator overloading is at work here alreadywe're using the same and operators that perform addition and multiplication when using numbers python does the correct operation because it knows the types of the objects being added and multiplied but be carefulthe rules aren' quite as liberal as you might expect for instancepython doesn' allow you to mix numbers and strings in expressions'abc'+ raises an error instead of automatically converting to string as shown in the last row in table - you can also iterate over strings in loops using for statementswhich repeat actionsand test membership for both characters and substrings with the in expression operatorwhich is essentially search for substringsin is much like the str find(method covered later in this but it returns string fundamentals