the original object is created (shallow copying is covered in if an argument of different type is givena conversion is attempted this use is shown for the int type in table if the argument is of type that supports conversions to the given type and the conversion failsa valueerror exception is raisedotherwisethe resultant object of the given type is returned if the argument' data type does not support conversion to the given type typeerror exception is raised the built-in float and str types both provide integer conversionsit is also possible to provide integer and other conversions for our own custom data types as we will see in copying collections type conversions the third use case is where two or more arguments are given--not all types support thisand for those that do the argument types and their meanings vary for the int type two arguments are permitted where the first is string that represents an integer and the second is the number base of the string representation for exampleint(" " creates an integer of value this use is shown in table the bitwise operators are shown in table all the binary bitwise operators (|^&>have augmented assignment versions (|=^=&=<<=and >>=where opj is logically equivalent to op in the normal case when reading ' value has no side effects from python the int bit_length(method is available this returns the number of bits required to represent the int it is called on for example( bit_length(returns (the parentheses are required if literal integer is usedbut not if we use an integer variable if many true/false flags need to be heldone possibility is to use single integerand to test individual bits using the bitwise operators the same thing can be achieved less compactlybut more convenientlyusing list of booleans table integer bitwise operators syntax description bitwise or of int and int jnegative numbers are assumed to be represented using ' complement bitwise xor (exclusive orof and bitwise and of and < shifts left by bitslike ( *jwithout overflow checking > shifts right by bitslike /( *jwithout overflow checking ~ inverts ' bits