which results in an error and the exception being raised the program aborts with the following messagetraceback (most recent call last)file "temp py"line in minxnone file "temp py"line in min raise typeerror"arguments to min(cannot be nonetypeerrorarguments to min(can not be none note the error message displayed in the last line of the output this message comes from the second argument to the raise statement when raising an exceptionan optional string can be given to provide descriptive error message to aide the programmer in debugging the code new in python xthe raise statement now requires the optional string message be included as an argument to the constructor of the exception class in prior versionsthe class name and the message could be separated by comma standard exceptions python provides number of built-in exceptions that can be raised by the language and its library modules in pythonexceptions are defined as classes from which an object is created the name of the class is given as an argument to the raise statement some of the more common exceptions are described nextc indexerror used when list or tuple index is out of range keyerror raised when dictionary key is not found in dictionary notimplementederror used in user-defined methods (especially in abstract classesto indicate the method is being used but has not yet been implemented runtimeerror raised to flag an error when no other exception type is appropriate typeerror raised when an incorrect data type is supplied to an operator or method valueerror raised when the correct data type is suppliedbut it is not an appropriate value assertions python also provides the assert statementwhich can be used to raise the special assertionerror exception the assert statement is used to state what we assume