of urls is slightly richerprotocol://networklocation/path;parameters?querystring#fragment for instancethe fragment part may name section within page ( #part moreovereach part can have formats of its ownand some are not used in all protocols the ;parameters part is omitted for httpfor instance (it gives an explicit file type for ftp)and the networklocation part may also specify optional user login parameters for some protocol schemes (its full format is user:password@host:port for ftp and telnetbut just host:port for httpwe used complex ftp url in for examplewhich included username and passwordas well as binary file type (the server may guess if no type is given)ftp://lutz:password@ftp rmi net/filename;type= we'll ignore additional url formatting rules here if you're interested in more detailsyou might start by reading the urllib parse module' entry in python' library manualas well as its source code in the python standard library you may also notice that url you type to access page looks bit different after the page is fetched (spaces become characterscharacters are addedand so onthis is simply because browsers must also generally follow url escaping ( translationconventionswhich we'll explore later in this using minimal urls because browsers remember the prior page' internet addressurls embedded in html files can often omit the protocol and server namesas well as the file' directory path if missingthe browser simply uses these componentsvalues from the last page' address this minimal syntax works for urls embedded in hyperlinks and for form actions (we'll meet forms later in this tutorialfor examplewithin page that was fetched from the directory dirpath on the server <form action="next pyare treated exactly as if we had specified complete url with explicit server and path componentslike the followingthe first minimal url refers to the file more html on the same server and in the same directory from which the page containing this hyperlink was fetchedit is expanded to complete url within the browser urls can also employ unix-style relative path syntax in the file path component hyperlink tag like for instancenames gif file on the server machine and parent directory of the file that contains this link' url climbing the cgi learning curve