chloridesthis is usually major contributor to saltiness in wine it' usually expressed in sodiumchloride in the dataset dm free sulfur dioxidethis is the part of the sulfur dioxide thatwhen added to wineis said to be free after the remaining part binds winemakers will always try to get the highest proportion of free sulfur to bind they are also known as sulfites and too much is undesirable and gives pungent odor this variable is expressed in mg in the dataset dm total sulfur dioxidethis is the sum total of the bound and the free sulfur mg this is mainly added to kill harmful dioxide (so hereit' expressed in dm bacteria and preserve quality and freshness there are usually legal limits for sulfur levels in wines and excess of it can even kill good yeast and produce an undesirable odor densitythis can be represented as comparison of the weight of specific volume of wine to an equivalent volume of water it is generally used as measure of the conversion of sugar to alcohol hereit' expressed in cm phalso known as the potential of hydrogenthis is numeric scale to specify the acidity or basicity the wine fixed acidity contributes the most toward the ph of wines you might knowsolutions with ph less than are acidicwhile solutions with ph greater than are basic with ph of pure water is neutral most wines have ph between and and are therefore acidic sulphatesthese are mineral salts containing sulfur sulphates are to wine as gluten is to food they are regular part of the winemaking around the world and are considered essential they are connected to the fermentation process and affect the potassiumsulphate wine aroma and flavor herethey are expressed in in the dm dataset alcoholwine is an alcoholic beverage alcohol is formed as result of yeast converting sugar during the fermentation process the percentage of alcohol can vary from wine to wine hence it is not surprise for this attribute to be part of this dataset it' usually measured in vol or alcohol by volume (abvqualitywine experts graded the wine quality between (very badand (very excellentthe eventual quality score is the median of at least three evaluations made by the same wine experts wine_typesince we originally had two datasets for red and white winewe introduced this attribute in the final merged datasetwhich indicates the type of wine for each data point wine can be red or white wine one of the predictive models we will build in this would be such that we can predict the type of wine by looking at other wine attributes