pop method (or an equivalent del statementthen removes an item at given offsetcausing the list to shrink other list methods insert an item at an arbitrary position (insert)remove given item by value (remove)add multiple items at the end (extend)and so on because lists are mutablemost list methods also change the list object in placeinstead of creating new onem ['bb''aa''cc' sort( ['aa''bb''cc' reverse( ['cc''bb''aa'the list sort method herefor exampleorders the list in ascending fashion by defaultand reverse reverses it--in both casesthe methods modify the list directly bounds checking although lists have no fixed sizepython still doesn' allow us to reference items that are not present indexing off the end of list is always mistakebut so is assigning off the endl [ 'spam''ni' [ error text omitted indexerrorlist index out of range [ error text omitted indexerrorlist assignment index out of range this is intentionalas it' usually an error to try to assign off the end of list (and particularly nasty one in the languagewhich doesn' do as much error checking as pythonrather than silently growing the list in responsepython reports an error to grow listwe call list methods such as append instead nesting one nice feature of python' core data types is that they support arbitrary nesting--we can nest them in any combinationand as deeply as we like for examplewe can have list that contains dictionarywhich contains another listand so on one immediate application of this feature is to represent matrixesor "multidimensional arraysin python list with nested lists will do the job for basic applications (you'll get continuation-line prompts on lines and of the following in some interfacesbut not in idle) introducing python object types