can be controlled using the %xmode magic commandfrom minimal (same as the standard python interpreterto verbose (which inlines function argument values and moreas you will see later in the you can step into the stack (using the %debug or %pdb magicsafter an error has occurred for interactive post-mortem debugging magic commands ipython has many special commandsknown as "magiccommandswhich are designed to faciliate common tasks and enable you to easily control the behavior of the ipython system magic command is any command prefixed by the the percent symbol for exampleyou can check the execution time of any python statementsuch as matrix multiplicationusing the %timeit magic function (which will be discussed in more detail later)in [ ] np random randn( in [ ]%timeit np dot(aa loopsbest of us per loop magic commands can be viewed as command line programs to be run within the ipython system many of them have additional "command lineoptionswhich can all be viewed (as you might expectusing ?in [ ]%resetresets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user parameters force reset without asking for confirmation - 'softresetonly clears your namespaceleaving history intact references to objects may be kept by default (without this option)we do 'hardresetgiving you new session and removing all references to objects from the current session examples in [ ] in [ ] out[ ] in [ ]'ain _ip user_ns out[ ]true in [ ]%reset - in [ ]'ain _ip user_ns out[ ]false ipythonan interactive computing and development environment www it-ebooks info