operating system services normcase(pathnormalizes the case of path name on non-case-sensitive file systemsthis converts path to lowercase on windowsforward slashes are also converted to backslashes normpath(pathnormalizes path name this collapses redundant separators and up-level references so that ' // '' / 'and ' /foo/ball become ' /bon windowsforward slashes are converted to backslashes realpath(pathreturns the real path of patheliminating symbolic links if any (unixrelpath(path [start]returns relative path to path from the current working directory start can be supplied to specify different starting directory samefile(path path returns true if path and path refer to the same file or directory (unixsameopenfile(fp fp returns true if the open file objects fp and fp refer to the same file (unixsamestat(stat stat returns true if the stat tuples stat and stat as returned by fstat()lstat()or stat(refer to the same file (unixsplit(pathsplits path into pair (headtail)where tail is the last pathname component and head is everything leading up to that for example'/home/user/foogets split into ('/homeuser''foo'this tuple is the same as would be returned by (dirname()basename()splitdrive(pathsplits path into pair (drivefilenamewhere drive is either drive specification or the empty string drive is always the empty string on machines without drive specifications splitext(pathsplits path name into base filename and suffix for examplesplitext('foo txt'returns ('foo'txt'splitunc(pathsplits path name into pair (unc,restwhere unc is unc (universal naming conventionmount point and rest the remainder of the path (windowssupports_unicode_filenames variable set to true if the file system allows unicode filenames lib fl ff