important concepts in this sectionwe discuss some key terms and concepts from deep learning algorithms and architecture this should be useful in the future when you are building your own deep learning models artificial neural networks an artificial neural network (annis computational model and architecture that simulates biological neurons and the way they function in our brain typicallyan ann has layers of interconnected nodes the nodes and their inter-connections are analogous to the network of neurons in our brain typical ann has an input layeran output layerand at least one hidden layer between the input and output with inter-connectionsas depicted in figure - figure - typical artificial neural network any basic ann will always have multiple layers of nodesspecific connection patterns and links between the layersconnection weights and activation functions for the nodes/neurons that convert weighted inputs to outputs the process of learning for the network typically involves cost function and the objective is to optimize the cost function (typically minimize the costthe weights keep getting updated in the process of learning