this documentation was generated from the python documentation available by typing from turtle import help turtle in the python shell in the documentation found here the variable turtle is reference to turtle object this is subset of that documentation the official python documentation is at method description turtle back(distancealiasesbackward bk argumentdistance number move the turtle backward by distanceopposite to the direction the turtle is headed do not change the turtle' heading example (for turtle instance named turtle)turtle position(( turtle backward( turtle position((- turtle begin_fill(called just before drawing shape to be filled example (for turtle instance named turtle)turtle color("black","red"turtle begin_fill(turtle circle( turtle end_fill((cspringer international publishing switzerland lee and hubbarddata structures and algorithms with pythonundergraduate topics in computer sciencedoi -- this copy belongs to 'acha