-trees step above automatically handles any cascading splits that must occur after the recursive call the algorithm looks for any promoted value and handles it by either adding it into the node or by splitting again an iterative version of insert would proceed in similar manner as the recursive version except that the path to the newly inserted item would have to be maintained on stack thenafter inserting or splitting the leaf nodethe stack of nodes on the path to the leaf would be popped one at timehandling any promoted valuesuntil the stack was emptied when writing insert as recursive function it makes sense to implement it as method of -tree node class then the insert method on -tree class can call the recursive insert on the -tree node class in this wayif the root node is splitthe -tree insert method can deal with this by creating new root node from the promoted value and the left and right subtrees recall that the old root is the new left subtree in the newly created node -tree delete deleting from -tree can be written recursively or iteratively like the insert algorithm when an item is deleted from -tree there may be rebalancing required recall that every nodeexcept the root nodeof -tree must contain at least degree items there are just few rules that can be followed to delete items from the tree while maintaining the balance requirements if the node containing the item is leaf node and the node has more than degree items in it then the item may simply be deleted if the node containing the item is leaf node and has degree or fewer items in it before deleting the valuethen rebalancing is required if the node is non-leaf node then the least value of the right subtree can replace the item in the node rebalancing can be accomplished in one of two ways if sibling of the unbalanced node contains more than degree itemsthen some of those items can be rotated into the current node if no rotation from sibling is possiblethen sibling and the unbalanced nodealong with the item that separates them in the parentcan be coalesced into one node this reduces by one the number of items in the parent which in turn may cause cascading rotations or coalescing to occur another example will help to illustrate the delete and rebalancing algorithm consider deleting the item containing from the -tree in fig this causes this copy belongs to 'acha