guimakerautomating menus and toolbars the last section' mixin class makes common tasks simplerbut it still doesn' address the complexity of linking up widgets such as menus and toolbars of courseif we had access to gui layout tool that generates python codethis would not be an issueat least for some of the more static interfaces we may require we' design our widgets interactivelypress buttonand fill in the callback handler blanks especially for relatively simple toolkit like tkinterthougha programming-based approach can often work just as well we' like to be able to inherit something that does all the grunt work of construction for usgiven template for the menus and toolbars in window here' one way it can be done--using trees of simple objects the class in example - interprets data structure representations of menus and toolbars and builds all the widgets automatically example - pp \gui\tools\guimaker py ""##############################################################################an extended frame that makes window menus and toolbars automatically use guimakerframemenu for embedded components (makes frame-based menususe guimakerwindowmenu for top-level windows (makes tk window menussee the self-test code (and pyeditfor an example layout tree format ##############################################################################""import sys from tkinter import from tkinter messagebox import showinfo class guimaker(frame)menubar [widget classes class defaults guimakerautomating menus and toolbars