python programming to motivate learning or reviewing python in this the text will develop simple drawing application using turtle graphics and graphical user interface (guiframework called tkinter along the wayyou'll discover some patterns for programming including the accumulator pattern and the loop and half pattern for reading records from file you'll also see functions in python and begin to learn how to implement your own datatypes by designing and writing class definition goals by the end of this you should be able to answer these questions what two parts are needed for the accumulator patternwhen do you need to use the loop and half pattern for reading from filewhat is the purpose of class definitionwhat is an object and how do we create onewhat is mutator methodwhat is an accessor methodwhat is widget and how does one use widgets in gui programming creating objects python is an object-oriented language all data items in python are objects in pythondata items that could be thought of as similar are named by type or class the term type and class in python are synonymousthey are two names for the same thing so when you read about types in python you can think of classes or vice versa there are several built-in types of data in python including intfloatstrlistand dict which is short for dictionary these types of data and their associated operations are included in the appendices at the end of the text so you have quick reference if you need to refer to it while programming you can also get help for any type by typing help(typenamein the python shellwhere typename is type or class in python very good language reference can be found at official python documentation website literal values there are two ways to create objects in python in few casesyou can use literal value to create an object literal values are used when we want to set some variable to specific value within our program for examplethe literal denotes any object with the integer value of this creates an int object containing the value it also points the reference called at this object as pictured in fig all assignments in python point references this copy belongs to 'acha