[ [ : elements with index from to [: all elements with index less than [ :all elements with index or more - :the last two elements [ [ [ [ an operator is programming language construct that performs an action on one or more operands the action of an operator in python depends on the type of the operand(sfor exampleoperators such as +*-and that are arithmetic operators when the operands are of numeric typecan have different meanings for objects of non-numeric type (such as strings'hello 'world operator string concatenation 'helloworld 'hello string repetition 'hellohello [ , list repetition [ remainder of / some common python operators are given in table python objects as mentioned in the previous sectiondata in python is represented by objects or relations between objects we recall that basic data types included strings and numeric types (such as integersbooleansand floatsas python is an object-oriented programming languagefunctions are objects too (everything is an object!each object has an identity (unique to each object and immutable -that iscannot be changed -once created) type (which determines which operations can be applied to the objectand is considered immutable)and value (which is either mutable or immutablethe unique identity assigned to an object obj can be found by calling idas in id(objeach object has list of attributesand each attribute is reference to another object the function dir applied to an object returns the list of attributes for examplea string object has many useful attributesas we shall shortly see functions are objects with the __call__ attribute attributes