notes for broad overview of developments in computer science and engineeringwe refer the reader to the computer science and engineering handbook [ for more information about the therac- incidentplease see the paper by leveson and turner [ the reader interested in studying object-oriented programming furtheris referred to the books by booch [ ]budd [ ]and liskov and guttag [ liskov and guttag also provide nice discussion of abstract data typesas does the survey paper by cardelli and wegner [ and the book by demurjian [ in the the computer science and engineering handbook [ design patterns are described in the book by gamma et al [ books with specific focus on object-oriented programming in python include those by goldwasser and letscher [ at the introductory leveland by phillips [ at more advanced level