if os name ="nt"sniffer ioctl(socket sio_rcvallsocket rcvall_offthe first step is defining python ctypes structure that will map the first bytes of the received buffer into friendly ip header as you can seeall of the fields that we identified and the preceding structure match up nicely the __new__ method of the ip class simply takes in raw buffer (in this casewhat we receive on the networkand forms the structure from it when the __init__ method is called__new__ is already finished processing the buffer inside __init__we are simply doing some housekeeping to give some human readable output for the protocol in use and the ip addresses with our freshly minted ip structurewe now put in the logic to continually read in packets and parse their information the first step is to read in the packet and then pass the first bytes to initialize our ip structure nextwe simply print out the information that we have captured let' try it out