print operations in pythonprint prints things--it' simply programmer-friendly interface to the standard output stream technicallyprinting converts one or more objects to their textual representationsadds some minor formattingand sends the resulting text to either standard output or another file-like stream in bit more detailprint is strongly bound up with the notions of files and streams in pythonfile object methods in we learned about file object methods that write text ( file write(str)printing operations are similarbut more focused--whereas file write methods write strings to arbitrary filesprint writes objects to the stdout stream by defaultwith some automatic formatting added unlike with file methodsthere is no need to convert objects to strings when using print operations standard output stream the standard output stream (often known as stdoutis simply default place to send program' text output along with the standard input and error streamsit' one of three data connections created when your script starts the standard output stream is usually mapped to the window where you started your python programunless it' been redirected to file or pipe in your operating system' shell because the standard output stream is available in python as the stdout file object in the built-in sys module ( sys stdout)it' possible to emulate print with file write method calls howeverprint is noticeably easier to use and makes it easy to print text to other files and streams printing is also one of the most visible places where python and have diverged in factthis divergence is usually the first reason that most code won' run unchanged under specificallythe way you code print operations depends on which version of python you usein python xprinting is built-in functionwith keyword arguments for special modes in python xprinting is statement with specific syntax all its own because this book covers both and xwe will look at each form in turn here if you are fortunate enough to be able to work with code written for just one version of pythonfeel free to pick the section that is relevant to you because your needs may changehoweverit probably won' hurt to be familiar with both cases moreoverusers of recent python releases can also import and use ' flavor of printing in their pythons if desired--both for its extra functionality and to ease future migration to assignmentsexpressionsand prints