the results are illustrated in figure note that we never call the init method directly insteadpython allocates memory for the objectthen automatically calls the init method for the given class to initialize the new object the attributes of an object are also known as instance variables since new attributes are created for each instance of the class in our examplewe created two objects and each object has its own variables named xcoord and ycoord pointa xcoord ycoord pointb xcoord ycoord figure sample point objects the self reference you may have noticed that the constructor was defined with three parametersbut we supplied only two arguments when creating the objects when method is executedpython must know on which object the method was invoked in order to know which attributes to reference as indicated earlierself is special parameter that must be included in each method definition and it must be listed first when method is calledthis parameter is automatically filled with reference to the object on which the method was invoked if the method defines additional parametersexplicit arguments must be passed to the method as part of the method call operations so farwe can create new objectbut we can' do anything with it nextwe need to define additional operations that can be performed on our point objects let' start by adding two methods that can be used to extract the individual xand -components of the point contained in the object (note that we only show the two new methodsbut assume the constructor defined earlier is still part of the class as indicated by the comment line class point def getxself )return self xcoord def getyself )return self ycoord we can use the new methods to extract and print the coordinates of one of the objects we just created