test yourself in the shellhow would you use this string and both the lower and upper methods to create the string 'hello!hello!'hint answer many methods also take additional parameters between the parenthesesusing the more general syntaxobject method(parametersthe first of many such methods we will introduce is countsyntax for counts count(subcount and return the number of repetitions of string sub that appear as substrings inside the string read and make sure you see the answers are correcttale 'this is the best of times tale count(' ' tale count('is' tale count('that' tale count(' there is blank between the quotes in the line above blanks are characters like any other (except you can' see them)just as the parameter can be replaced by literal or any expressionthe object to which method is bound with the dot may also be given by literalor variable nameor any expression that evaluates to the right kind of object in its place this is true for any method call technically the dot between the object and the method name is an operatorand operators have different levels of precedence it is important to realize that this dot operator has the highest possible precedence read and see the difference parentheses make in the expressions'hello 'thereupper('hello there('hello 'there'upper('hello thereto see if you understand this precedencepredict the results of each line and then test in the shell 'xcount('xxx'( ' 'count('xxx'there are 'xxx' in ' 'but 'xxxin 'xxxpython lets you see all the methods that are bound to an object (and any object of its typewith the built-in function dir to see all string methodssupply the dir function with any string for exampletry in the shelldir(''many of the names in the list start and end with two underscoreslike __add__ these are all associated with methods and pieces of data used internally by the python interpreter you can ignore them for now the remaining entries in the list are all user-level methods for strings you should see lower and upper among them some of the methods are much more commonly used than others object notation use plus sign to concatenate the pieces lower( upper( objects and methods