when you create class in python you need to make one minor change you include the term object in parentheses when you create classclass classname(object)--snip-this makes python classes behave more like python classeswhich makes your work easier overall the dog class would be defined like this in python class dog(object)--snip-making an instance from class think of class as set of instructions for how to make an instance the class dog is set of instructions that tells python how to make individual instances representing specific dogs let' make an instance representing specific dogclass dog()--snip- my_dog dog('willie' print("my dog' name is my_dog name title(" print("my dog is str(my_dog ageyears old "the dog class we're using here is the one we just wrote in the previous example at we tell python to create dog whose name is 'willieand whose age is when python reads this lineit calls the __init__(method in dog with the arguments 'willieand the __init__(method creates an instance representing this particular dog and sets the name and age attributes using the values we provided the __init__(method has no explicit return statementbut python automatically returns an instance representing this dog we store that instance in the variable my_dog the naming convention is helpful herewe can usually assume that capitalized name like dog refers to classand lowercase name like my_dog refers to single instance created from class accessing attributes to access the attributes of an instanceyou use dot notation at we access the value of my_dog' attribute name by writingmy_dog name dot notation is used often in python this syntax demonstrates how python finds an attribute' value here python looks at the instance my_dog