network programming and sockets the special constant af_unspec can be used for the address family to look for any kind of connection for examplethis code gets information about any tcp-like connection and may return information for either ipv or ipv getaddrinfo("www python org","http"af_unspecsock_stream[( , , ,'',( ', ))getaddrinfo(is intended for very generic purpose and is applicable to all supported network protocols (ipv ipv and so onuse it if you are concerned about compatibility and supporting future protocolsespecially if you intend to support ipv getdefaulttimeout(returns the default socket timeout in seconds value of none indicates that no timeout has been set getfqdn([name]returns the fully qualified domain name of name if name is omittedthe local machine is assumed for examplegetfqdn("foo"might return "foo quasievil orggethostbyname(hostnametranslates host name such as 'www python orgto an ipv address the ip address is returned as stringsuch as it does not support ipv gethostbyname_ex(hostnametranslates host name to an ipv address but returns tuple (hostnamealiaslistipaddrlistin which hostname is the primary host namealiaslist is list of alternative host names for the same addressand ipaddrlist is list of ipv addresses for the same interface on the same host for examplegethostbyname_ex('www python org'returns something like ('fang python org'['www python org'][ ']this function does not support ipv gethostname(returns the host name of the local machine gethostbyaddr(ip_addressreturns the same information as gethostbyname_ex()given an ip address such as if ip_address is an ipv address such as 'fedc:ba : : :fedc:ba : : 'information regarding ipv will be returned getnameinfo(addressflagsgiven socket addressaddressthis function translates the address into -tuple (hostport)depending on the value of flags the address parameter is tuple specifying an address--for example('www python org', flags is the bitwise or of the following constantsf lib fl ff