called directoriesfolders can contain files and other folders for exampleproject docx is in the documents folderwhich is inside the al folderwhich is inside the users folder figure - shows this folder organization :users ai documents project docx figure - file in hierarchy of folders the :part of the path is the root folderwhich contains all other folders on windowsthe root folder is named :and is also called the cdrive on macos and linuxthe root folder is in this booki'll use the windows-style root folderc:if you are entering the interactive shell examples on macos or linuxenter instead additional volumessuch as dvd drive or usb flash drivewill appear differently on different operating systems on windowsthey appear as newlettered root drivessuch as :or :on macosthey appear as new folders under the /volumes folder on linuxthey appear as new folders under the /mnt ("mount"folder also note that while folder names and filenames are not case-sensitive on windows and macosthey are case-sensitive on linux note since your system probably has different files and folders on it than mineyou won' be able to follow every example in this exactly stilltry to follow along using folders that exist on your computer backslash on windows and forward slash on macos and linux on windowspaths are written using backslashes (\as the separator between folder names the macos and linux operating systemshoweveruse the forward slash (/as their path separator if you want your programs to work on all operating systemsyou will have to write your python scripts to handle both cases fortunatelythis is simple to do with the path(function in the pathlib module if you pass it the string values of individual file and folder names in your pathpath(will return string with file path using the correct path separators enter the following into the interactive shellfrom pathlib import path path('spam''bacon''eggs'windowspath('spam/bacon/eggs'