list([items]type representing list items may be any iterable objectthe values of which are used to populate the list if items is already lista copy is made if no argument is givenan empty list is returned locals(returns dictionary corresponding to the local namespace of the caller this dictionary should only be used to inspect the execution environment--it is not safe to modify the contents of this dictionary long([ [base]]type representing long integers in python if is numberit is converted to an integer by truncating toward if is stringit is parsed into long value if no argument is giventhis function returns for portabilityyou should avoid direct use of long using int(xwill create long as necessary for type checkinguse isinstance(xnumbers integralto check if is any integer type map(functionitemsin python this applies function to every item of items and returns list of results in python an iterator producing the same results is created if multiple input sequences are suppliedfunction is assumed to take that many argumentswith each argument taken from different sequence the behavior when processing multiple input sequences differs between python and python in python the result is the same length as the longest input sequence with none used as padding value when the shorter input sequences are exhausted in python the result is only as long as the shortest sequence the functionality provided by map(is almost always better expressed using generator expression or list comprehension (both of which provide better performancefor examplemap(functionscan usually be replaced by [function(xfor in smax( [args]for single argumentsthis function returns the maximum value of the items in swhich may be any iterable object for multiple argumentsit returns the largest of the arguments min( [args]for single argumentsthis function returns the minimum value of the items in swhich may be any iterable object for multiple argumentsit returns the smallest of the arguments next( [default]returns the next item from the iterator if the iterator has no more itemsa stopiteration exception is raised unless value is supplied to the default argument in that casedefault is returned instead for portabilityyou should always use this function instead of calling next(directly on an iterator in python the name of the underlying iterator method changed to _next_ (if you write your code to use the next(functionyou won' have to worry about this difference lib fl ff