modulus operator (%can only be applied on integer operandsand not on float or double operands equality operators have lower precedence than relational operators like arithmetic expressionslogical expressions are evaluated from left to right both +and ++ increment the value of xbut in the former casethe value of is returned before it is incremented whereas in the latter casethe value of is returned after it is incremented conditional operator is also known as ternary operator as it takes three operands bitwise not or complement produces one' complement of given binary number among all the operatorscomma operator has the lowest precedence sizeof is unary operator used to calculate the size of data types this operator can be applied to all data types while type conversion is done implicitlytypecasting has to be done explicitly by the programmer typecasting is done when the value of one data type has to be converted into the value of another data type supports three types of control statementsdecision control statementsiterative statementsand jump statements in switch statementif the value of the variable does not match with any of the values of case statementsthen default case is executed iterative statements are used to repeat the execution of list of statements until the specified expression becomes false the break statement is used to terminate the execution of the nearest enclosing loop in which it appears when the compiler encounters continue statementthen the rest of the statements in the loop are skipped and the control is unconditionally transferred to the loop-continuation portion of the nearest enclosing loop program contains one or more functionswhere each function is defined as group of statements that perform specific task every program contains main(function which is the starting point of the program it is the function that is called by the operating system when the user runs the program function declaration statement identifies function' name and the list of arguments that it accepts and the type of data it returns function definitionon the other handconsists of function header that identifies the functionfollowed by the body of the function containing the executable code for that function when function is definedspace is allocated for that function in the memory the moment the compiler encounters function callthe control jumps to the statements that are part of the called function after the called function is executedthe control is returned back to the calling function placing the function declaration statement prior to its use enables the compiler to make check on the arguments used while calling that function function having void as its return type cannot return any value similarlya function having void as its parameter list cannot accept any value call by value method passes values of the variables to the called function thereforethe called function uses copy of the actual arguments to perform its intended task this method is used when the function does not need to modify the values of the original variables in the calling function in call by reference methodaddresses of the variables are passed by the calling function to the called function hencein this methoda function receives an implicit reference to the argumentrather than copy of its value this allows the function to modify the value of the variable and that change is reflected in the calling function as well pointer is variable that contains the memory address of another variable the operator retrieves the address of the variable we can 'dereferencea pointeri refer to the value of the variable to which it points by using unary operator null pointer is special pointer variable that does not point to any variable this means that null pointer does not point to any valid memory address to declare null pointer we may use the predefined constant null generic pointer is pointer variable that has void as its data type the generic pointer can point to variables of any data type to declare pointer to pointerswe need to add an asterisk (*for each level of reference