on machine names and ports file path~lutz/tutor html finallythe url gives the path to the desired file on the remote machine the http web server automatically translates the url' file path to the file' true pathnameon the starship server~lutz is automatically translated to the public_html directory in my home directory when using the python-coded web server script in example - files are mapped to the server' current working directory instead urls typically map to such filesbut they can reference other sorts of items as welland as we'll see in few moments may name an executable cgi script to be run when accessed query parameters (used in later examplesurls may also be followed by additional input parameters for cgi programs when usedthey are introduced by and are typically separated by characters for instancea string of the form ?name=bob&job=hacker at the end of url passes parameters named name and job to the cgi script named earlier in the urlwith values bob and hackerrespectively as we'll discuss later in this when we explore escaping rulesthe parameters may sometimes be separated by characters insteadas in ?name=bob;job=hackerthough this form is less common these values are sometimes called url query string parameters and are treated the same as form inputs by scripts technically speakingquery parameters may have other structures ( unnamed values separated by +)but we will ignore additional options in this textmore on both parameters and input forms later in this tutorial to make sure we have handle on url syntaxlet' pick apart another example that we will be using later in this in the following http protocol urlthe components uniquely identify server script to be run as followsthe server name localhost means the web server is running on the same machine as the clientas explained earlierthis is the configuration we're using for our examples port number gives the socket port on which the web server is listening for connections (port is the default if this part is omittedso we will usually omit itthe file path cgi-bin/languages py gives the location of the file to be run on the server machinewithin the directory where the server looks for referenced files the query string ?language=all provides an input parameter to the referenced script languages pyas an alternative to user input in form fields (described later server-side scripting