databases and persistence "give me an order of persistencebut hold the picklespersistence options in python dbm files using dbm files dbm detailsfilesportabilityand close pickled objects using object pickling pickling in action pickle detailsprotocolsbinary modesand _pickle shelve files using shelves storing built-in object types in shelves storing class instances in shelves changing classes of objects stored in shelves shelve constraints pickled class constraints other shelve limitations the zodb object-oriented database the mostly missing zodb tutorial sql database interfaces sql interface overview an sql database api tutorial with sqlite building record dictionaries tying the pieces together loading database tables from files sql utility scripts sql resources ormsobject relational mappers pyforma persistent object viewer (external data structures "roses are redviolets are bluelists are mutableand so is set fooimplementing stacks built-in options stack module stack class customizationperformance monitors optimizationtuple tree stacks xviii table of contents