we have used an ellipsis to indicate lot of lines that have been omitted if there are functions (or classes or methodsthat don' have teststhese are listed when the - option is used notice that the doctest module found the tests in the module' docstring as well as those in the functionsdocstrings examples in docstrings that can be executed as tests are called doctests note that when we write doctestswe are able to call simplify(and the other functions unqualified (since the doctests occur inside the module itselfoutside the moduleassuming we have done import textutilwe must use the qualified namesfor exampletextutil is_balanced(in the next subsection we will see how to do more thorough tests--in particulartesting cases where we expect failuresfor exampleinvalid data causing exceptions (testing is covered more fully in we will also address some other issues that arise when creating modulesincluding module initializationaccounting for platform differencesand ensuring that if the from module import syntax is usedonly the objects we want to be made public are actually imported into the importing program or module the chargrid module the chargrid module holds grid of characters in memory it provides functions for "drawinglinesrectanglesand text on the gridand for rendering the grid onto the console here are the module' docstring' doctestsresize( add_rectangle( *get_size()add_vertical_line( add_vertical_line( "!"add_horizontal_line( "+"add_rectangle( "%"add_rectangle( "#"trueadd_rectangle( "add_text( "this is the chargrid module"add_text( "pleasantville""@"add_rectangle( fill=truerender(falsethe chargrid add_rectangle(function takes at least four argumentsthe topleft corner' row and column and the bottom-right corner' row and column the character used to draw the outline can be given as fifth argumentand boolean indicating whether the rectangle should be filled (with the same character as the outlineas sixth argument the first time we call it we pass the third and fourth arguments by unpacking the -tuple (widthheight)returned by the chargrid get_size(function