creating and using objects instantiation the process of creating new instance of class is known as instantiation in generalthe syntax for instantiating an object is to invoke the constructor of class for exampleif there were class named widgetwe could create an instance of that class using syntax such as widget)assuming that the constructor does not require any parameters if the constructor does require parameterswe might use syntax such as widget(abcto construct new instance many of python' built-in classes (discussed in section support what is known as literal form for designating new instances for examplethe command temperature results in the creation of new instance of the float classthe term in that expression is literal form we discuss further cases of python literals in the coming section from programmer' perspectiveyet another way to indirectly create new instance of class is to call function that creates and returns such an instance for examplepython has built-in function named sorted (see section that takes sequence of comparable elements as parameter and returns new instance of the list class containing those elements in sorted order calling methods python supports traditional functions (see section that are invoked with syntax such as sorted(data)in which case data is parameter sent to the function python' classes may also define one or more methods (also known as member functions)which are invoked on specific instance of class using the dot ("operator for examplepython' list class has method named sort that can be invoked with syntax such as data sortthis particular method rearranges the contents of the list so that they are sorted the expression to the left of the dot identifies the object upon which the method is invoked oftenthis will be an identifier ( data)but we can use the dot operator to invoke method upon the immediate result of some other operation for exampleif response identifies string instance (we will discuss strings later in this section)the syntax response lowerstartswithy first evaluates the method callresponse lower)which itself returns new string instanceand then the startswithy method is called on that intermediate string when using method of classit is important to understand its behavior some methods return information about the state of an objectbut do not change that state these are known as accessors other methodssuch as the sort method of the list classdo change the state of an object these methods are known as mutators or update methods