args is ( kwargs is {' ' hellonow ' going to call out[ ] curryingpartial argument application currying is fun computer science term which means deriving new functions from existing ones by partial argument application for examplesuppose we had trivial function that adds two numbers togetherdef add_numbers(xy)return using this functionwe could derive new function of one variableadd_fivethat adds to its argumentadd_five lambda yadd_numbers( ythe second argument to add_numbers is said to be curried there' nothing very fancy here as we really only have defined new function that calls an existing function the built-in functools module can simplify this process using the partial functionfrom functools import partial add_five partial(add_numbers when discussing pandas and time series datawe'll use this technique to create specialized functions for transforming data series compute -day moving average of time series ma lambda xpandas rolling_mean( take the -day moving average of of all time series in data data apply(ma generators having consistent way to iterate over sequenceslike objects in list or lines in fileis an important python feature this is accomplished by means of the iterator protocola generic way to make objects iterable for exampleiterating over dict yields the dict keysin [ ]some_dict {' ' ' ' ' ' in [ ]for key in some_dictprint keya when you write for key in some_dictthe python interpreter first attempts to create an iterator out of some_dictin [ ]dict_iterator iter(some_dictfunctions www it-ebooks info