built-in functions and modulesroundmathrandometc expressionsunlimited integer precisionbitwise operationshexoctaland binary formats third-party extensionsvectorslibrariesvisualizationplottingetc because the types in this list' first bullet item tend to see the most action in python codethis starts with basic numbers and fundamentalsthen moves on to explore the other types on this listwhich serve specialized roles we'll also study sets herewhich have both numeric and collection qualitiesbut are generally considered more the former than the latter before we jump into codethoughthe next few sections get us started with brief overview of how we write and process numbers in our scripts numeric literals among its basic typespython provides integerswhich are positive and negative whole numbersand floating-point numberswhich are numbers with fractional part (sometimes called "floatsfor verbal economypython also allows us to write integers using hexadecimaloctaland binary literalsoffers complex number typeand allows integers to have unlimited precision--they can grow to have as many digits as your memory space allows table - shows what python' numeric types look like when written out in program as literals or constructor function calls table - numeric literals and constructors literal interpretation - integers (unlimited size - + floating-point numbers ff octalhexand binary literals in ff octaloctalhexand binary literals in + + complex number literals set('spam'){ sets and construction forms decimal(' ')fraction( decimal and fraction extension types bool( )truefalse boolean type and constants in generalpython' numeric type literals are straightforward to writebut few coding concepts are worth highlighting hereinteger and floating-point literals integers are written as strings of decimal digits floating-point numbers have decimal point and/or an optional signed exponent introduced by an or and followed by an optional sign if you write number with decimal point or exponentpython makes it floating-point object and uses floating-point (not integer numeric types