soin summaryobjects are made up of attributes and methodsthe structure of common pattern for set of objects is called its classand specific realizations of that pattern are called "instances of that class recall that all the python "variableswe introduced earlier are actually objects (in factbasically everything in python is an object let' look at number of different python objects to illustrate how objects work example of how objects workstrings python strings (like nearly everything else in pythonare objects thusbuilt into pythonthere (implicitlyis class definition of the string classand every time you create stringyou are using that definition as your template that template defines both attributes and methods for all string objectsso whatever string you've createdyou have that set of data and functions attached to your string which you can use let' look at specific caseexample (viewing attributes and methods attached to strings and trying out few methods)in the python interpretertype ina "hellonow typedir(awhat do you seetype title(and upper(and see what you get solution and discussionthe dir(acommand gives list of (nearlyall the attributes and methods attached to the object awhich is the string the dir "hellonote that there is more data attached to the object than just the command word "hello" the attributes doc and class also show up in shows an object' the dir listing methods can act on the data in the object thusa title(applies the attributes and title method to the data of and returns the string "helloin title case methods ( the first letter of the word capitalized) upper(applies the upper method to the data of and returns the string all in uppercase notice these methods do not require additional input arguments between the parenthesisbecause all the data needed is already in the object ( "hello"