most frequently accessed node is always moved closer to the starting point of the search (or the root node)these nodes are therefore located faster simple idea behind it is that if an element is accessedit is likely that it will be accessed again in splay treeoperations such as insertionsearchand deletion are combined with one basic operation called splaying splaying the tree for particular node rearranges the tree to place that node at the root technique to do this is to first perform standard binary tree search for that node and then use rotations in specific order to bring the node on top operations on splay trees in this sectionwe will discuss the four main operations that are performed on splay tree these include splayinginsertionsearchand deletion splaying when we access node nsplaying is performed on to move it to the root to perform splay operationcertain splay steps are performed where each step moves closer to the root splaying particular node of interest after every access ensures that the recently accessed nodes are kept closer to the root and the tree remains roughly balancedso that the desired amortized time bounds can be achieved each splay step depends on three factorswhether is the left or right child of its parent pwhether is the root or notand if notwhether is the left or right child of its parentg ( ' grandparentdepending on these three factorswe have one splay step based on each factor zig step the zig operation is done when (the parent of nis the root of the splay tree in the zig stepthe tree is rotated on the edge between and zig step is usually performed as the last step in splay operation and only when has an odd depth at the beginning of the operation refer fig zig-zig step the zig-zig operation is performed when is not the root in addition to thisn and are either both right or left children of their parents figure shows the case where and are the left children during the zig-zig stepfirst the tree is rotated on the edge joining and its parent gand then again rotated on the edge joining and figure zig step figure zig-zig step