binary treeit is data structurewhere each data element can be connected to maximum two other data elements and it starts with root node heapit is special case of tree data structurewhere the data in the parent node is either strictly greater thanequal to the child nodes or strictly less than its child nodes hash tableit is data structurewhich is made of arrays associated with each other using hash function it retrieves values using keys rather thanindex from data element graphit is an arrangement of vertices and nodeswhere some of the nodes are connected to each other through links python specific data structures these data structures are specific to python language and they give greater flexibility in storing different types of data and faster processing in python environment listit is similar to array with the exceptionthat the data elements can be of different data types you can have both numeric and string data in python list tupletuples are similar to listsbut they are immutable which meansthe values in tuple cannot be modified they can only be read dictionarythe dictionary contains key-value pairs as its data elements in the next we are going to learn the details of how each of these data structures can be implemented using python