what if we don' want to make those two arguments requiredwellthen we can use the same syntax python functions use to provide default arguments the keyword argument syntax appends an equals sign after each variable name if the calling object does not provide this argumentthen the default argument is used instead the variables will still be available to the functionbut they will have the values specified in the argument list here' an exampleclass pointdef __init__(selfx= = )self move(xymost of the timewe put our initialization statements in an __init__ function but as mentioned earlierpython has constructor in addition to its initialization function you may never need to use the other python constructorbut it helps to know it existsso we'll cover it briefly the constructor function is called __new__ as opposed to __init__and accepts exactly one argumentthe class that is being constructed (it is called before the object is constructedso there is no self argumentit also has to return the newly created object this has interesting possibilities when it comes to the complicated art of metaprogrammingbut is not very useful in day-to-day programming in practiceyou will rarelyif everneed to use __new__ and __init__ will be sufficient explaining yourself python is an extremely easy-to-read programming languagesome might say it is self-documenting howeverwhen doing object-oriented programmingit is important to write api documentation that clearly summarizes what each object and method does keeping documentation up-to-date is difficultthe best way to do it is to write it right into our code python supports this through the use of docstrings each classfunctionor method header can have standard python string as the first line following the definition (the line that ends in colonthis line should be indented the same as the following code docstrings are simply python strings enclosed with apostrophe ('or quote ("characters oftendocstrings are quite long and span multiple lines (the style guide suggests that the line length should not exceed characters)which can be formatted as multi-line stringsenclosed in matching triple apostrophe ('''or triple quote ("""characters