sscasc@tumkur object oriented programming the concept of object-oriented programming was seen to solve many problemswhich procedural programming did not solve in object-oriented programmingeverything is just like real-world object in the real worldeverything is an object an object can have state and behavior an object in the real world can communicate with another object for examplea dog object in the real world has state and behavior oops is based on four pillars they arepolymorphism inheritance abstraction encapsulation class and objects key concepts classa class defines the properties and behaviors for objects class is considered as blueprint for object creation it provides template for creating an object and specifying its behavior through means of methods and state through means of variable instance name objectsan object represents an entity in the real world that can be distinctly identified an object has unique identitystateand behavior or attributes they can be considered as an instance of class for examplea studenta deska circlea buttonand even loan can all be viewed as objects inheritancein object-oriented programmingthe child class can inherit many properties from the parent class herethe child class can use an existing method or behaviorwhich the parent class has defined and use them accordingly in their class inheritance can be single inheritance or multiple inheritance single inheritanceas the name suggestsrefers to only one parentwhile multiple inheritance refers to inheriting the property from multiple parents polymorphismin oopsan object can have many forms through means of different attributes to simplifyin our casewe can understand it by methods with the same name but having different outputs abstractionherewe hide the necessary details and are only interested in showing the relevant details to the other proposed user encapsulationthis refers to hiding the necessary methods and their relevant details from the outside world class can be treated as best examplewhich provides encapsulation to the methods and relevant instances creating class creating class in python is quite easy refer to the following syntaxclass ():#statements must be indented methods the class functions are known by common namemethods in pythonmethods are defined as part of the class definition and are invoked only by an instance to call sp_python programming