some of the common operations on files are summarized in figure open(fn' 'fn is string representing file name creates file for writing and returns file handle open(fn' 'fn is string representing file name opens an existing file for reading and returns file handle open(fn' 'fn is string representing file name opens an existing file for appending and returns file handle fh read(returns string containing the contents of the file associated with the file handle fh fh readline(returns the next line in the file associated with the file handle fh fh readlines(returns list each element of which is one line of the file associated with the file handle fh fh write(swrite the string to the end of the file associated with the file handle fh fh writelines(ss is sequence of strings writes each element of to the file associated with the file handle fh fh close(closes the file associated with the file handle fh figure common functions for accessing files