expanduser(pathreplaces path names of the form '~userwith user' home directory if the expansion fails or path does not begin with '~'the path is returned unmodified expandvars(pathexpands environment variables of the form '$nameor '${name}in path malformed or nonexistent variable names are left unchanged getatime(pathreturns the time of last access as the number of seconds since the epoch (see the time modulethe return value may be floating-point number if os stat_float_times(returns true getctime(pathreturns the time of last modification on unix and the time of creation on windows the time is returned as the number of seconds since the epoch (see the time modulethe return value may be floating-point number in certain cases (see getatime()getmtime(pathreturns the time of last modification as the number of seconds since the epoch (see the time modulethe return value may be floating-point number in certain cases (see getatime()getsize(pathreturns the file size in bytes isabs(pathreturns true if path is an absolute path name (begins with slashisfile(pathreturns true if path is regular file this function follows symbolic linksso both islink(and isfile(can be true for the same path isdir(pathreturns true if path is directory follows symbolic links islink(pathreturns true if path refers to symbolic link returns false if symbolic links are unsupported ismount(pathreturns true if path is mount point join(path [path []]intelligently joins one or more path components into pathname for examplejoin('home''beazley''python'returns 'home/beazley/pythonlexists(pathreturns true if path exists returns true for all symbolic linkseven if the link is broken lib fl ff