artificial intelligencemachine learningand deep learning let' make this concrete consider an -axisa -axisand some points represented by their coordinates in the (xysystemas shown in figure as you can seewe have few white points and few black points let' say we want to develop an algorithm that can take the coordinates (xyof point and output whether that point is likely to be black or to be white in this casethe inputs are the coordinates of our points the expected outputs are the colors of our points way to measure whether our algorithm is doing good job could befor instancethe percentage of points that are being correctly classified figure some sample dat what we need here is new representation of our data that cleanly separates the white points from the black points one transformation we could useamong many other possibilitieswould be coordinate changeillustrated in figure raw data coordinate change better representation figure coordinat change in this new coordinate systemthe coordinates of our points can be said to be new representation of our data and it' good onewith this representationthe black/white classification problem can be expressed as simple rule"black points are such that ,or "white points are such that this new representation basically solves the classification problem in this casewe defined the coordinate change by hand but if instead we tried systematically searching for different possible coordinate changesand used as feedback the percentage of points being correctly classifiedthen we would be doing machine learning learningin the context of machine learningdescribes an automatic search process for better representations all machine-learning algorithms consist of automatically finding such transformations that turn data into more-useful representations for given task these operations can be coordinate changesas you just sawor linear projections (which may destroy information)translationsnonlinear operations (such as "select all points such that ")and so on machine-learning algorithms aren' usually creative in licensed to