common tools unix is general-purposemulti-userinteractive operating system for the digital equipment corporation pdp- / and / computers it offers number of features seldom found even in larger operating systemsincluding( hierarchical file system incorporating demountable volumes( compatible filedeviceand inter-process / ( the ability to initiate asynchronous processes( system command language selectable on per-user basisand ( over subsystems including dozen languages -"the unix timesharing system, ritchie and thompson the problems in this are concerned with toolsversion control systemsscripting languagesbuild systemsdatabasesand the networking stack such problems are not commonly asked--expect them only if you are interviewing for specialized roleor if you claim specialized knowledgee network security or databases we emphasize these are vast subjectse networking is taught as sequence of courses in university curriculum our goal here is to give you flavor of what you might encounter adnan' advanced programming tools course materialavailable freely onlinecontains lecture noteshomeworksand labs that may serve as good resource on the material in this version control version control systems are cornerstone of software development--every developer should understand how to use them in an optimal way merging in version control system what is merging in version control systemspecificallydescribe the limitations of line-based merging and ways in which they can be overcome solutionmodern version control systems allow developers to work concurrently on personal copy of the entire codebase this allows software developers to work independently the price for this mergingperiodicallythe personal copies need to be integrated to create new shared version there is the possibility that parallel changes are conflictingand these must be resolved during the merge by farthe most common approach to merging is text-based text-based merge tools view software as text line-based merging is kind of text-based mergingspecifically one in which each line is treated as an indivisible unit the merging is "three-way"the lowest common ancestor in the revision history is used in conjunction with the two versions with line-based merging of text filescommon text lines can be detected in parallel modificationsas well as text lines that have been