'{:*^ }format('python''***python***'{ }format('python object oriented programming''python object #abovetruncated characters from the left side of specified string '{{}}format('python object oriented', 'python object #named placeholders data {'name':'raghu''place':'bangalore''{name{place}format(**data'raghu bangalore#datetime from datetime import datetime '{:% /% /% % :% }format(datetime( , , , , ) : strings are unicode strings as collections of immutable unicode characters unicode strings provide an opportunity to create software or programs that works everywhere because the unicode strings can represent any possible character not just the ascii characters many io operations only know how to deal with byteseven if the bytes object refers to textual data it is therefore very important to know how to interchange between bytes and unicode converting text to bytes converting strings to byte object is termed as encoding there are numerous forms of encodingmost common ones arepngjpegmp wavasciiutf- etc also this(encodingis format to represent audioimagestextetc in bytes this conversion is possible through encode(it take encoding technique as argument by defaultwe use 'utf- technique python code to demonstrate string encoding initialising string 'tutorialspoint#initialising byte object 'tutorialspoint