appendix python in these examplesthe variable prefixed by receives all of the extra values and places them in list the list may be empty if there are no extra items one use of this feature is in looping over lists of tuples (or sequenceswhere the tuples may have differing sizes for examplepoints ( , )( , ,"red")( , ,"blue")( , for , *opt in pointsif optadditional fields were found statements no more than one starred variable can appear in any expansion nonlocal variables inner functions can modify variables in outer functions by using the nonlocal declaration for exampledef countdown( )def decrement()nonlocal - while print(" -minus"ndecrement(in python inner functions can read variables in outer functions but cannot modify them the nonlocal declaration enables this function annotations the arguments and return value of functions can be annotated with arbitrary values for exampledef foo( : , : - pass the function attribute _annotations_ is dictionary mapping argument names to the annotation values the special 'returnkey is mapped to the return value annotation for examplefoo _annotations_ {' ' ' ' 'return' the interpreter does not attach any significance to these annotations in factthey can be any values whatsoever howeverit is expected that type information will be most useful in the future for exampleyou could write thisdef foo( :inty:int-strstatements annotations are not limited to single values an annotation can be any valid python expression for variable positional and keyword argumentsthe same syntax applies for exampledef bar( *args:"additional"**kwargs:"options")statements lib fl ff