this code constructs string of random characters it appends these to stringjoiner using the append method it inherited from list when the with statement goes out of scope (back to the outer indentation level)the __exit__ method is calledand the result attribute becomes available on the joiner object we print this value to see random string an alternative to method overloading one prominent feature of many object-oriented programming languages is tool called method overloading method overloading simply refers to having multiple methods with the same name that accept different sets of arguments in statically typed languagesthis is useful if we want to have method that accepts either an integer or stringfor example in non-object-oriented languageswe might need two functionscalled add_s and add_ito accommodate such situations in statically typed object-oriented languageswe' need two methodsboth called addone that accepts stringsand one that accepts integers in pythonwe only need one methodwhich accepts any type of object it may have to do some testing on the object type (for exampleif it is stringconvert it to an integer)but only one method is required howevermethod overloading is also useful when we want method with the same name to accept different numbers or sets of arguments for examplean -mail message method might come in two versionsone of which accepts an argument for the "frome-mail address the other method might look up default "frome-mail address instead python doesn' permit multiple methods with the same namebut it does provide differentequally flexibleinterface we've seen some of the possible ways to send arguments to methods and functions in previous examplesbut now we'll cover all the details the simplest function accepts no arguments we probably don' need an examplebut here' one for completenessdef no_args()pass here' how it' calledno_args( function that does accept arguments will provide the names of those arguments in comma-separated list only the name of each argument needs to be supplied