to kill all the windows at once and end the gui application (reallyits active mainloop call)the root window' button runs the quit method instead that ispressing the root window' button ends the program in generalthe quit method immediately ends the entire application and closes all its windows it can be called through any tkinter widgetnot just through the top-level windowit' also available on framesbuttonsand so on see the discussion of the bind method and its events later in this for more on quit and destroy window titlestitle as introduced in top-level window widgets (tk and toplevelhave title method that lets you change the text displayed on the top border herethe window title text is set to the string 'sing in the pop-ups to override the default 'tkwindow iconsiconbitmap the iconbitmap method changes top-level window' icon it accepts an icon or bitmap file and uses it for the window' icon graphic when it is both minimized and open on windowspass in the name of ico file (this example uses one in the current directory)it will replace the default red "tkicon that normally appears in the upper-lefthand corner of the window as well as in the windows taskbar on other platformsyou may need to use other icon file conventions if the icon calls in this book won' work for you (or simply comment-out the calls altogether if they cause scripts to fail)icons tend to be platform-specific feature that is dependent upon the underlying window manager geometry management top-level windows are containers for other widgetsmuch like standalone frame unlike framesthoughtop-level window widgets are never themselves packed (or griddedor placedto embed widgetsthis script passes its windows as parent arguments to label and button constructors it is also possible to fetch the maximum window size (the physical screen display sizeas [widthheighttuplewith the maxsize(methodas well as set the initial size of window with the top-level geometry(width height "method it is generally easier and more user-friendly to let tkinter (or your userswork out window size for youbut display size may be used for tasks such as scaling images (see the discussion on pyphoto in for an examplein additiontop-level window widgets support other kinds of protocols that we will utilize later on in this tourstate the iconify and withdraw top-level window object methods allow scripts to hide and erase window on the flydeiconify redraws hidden or erased window the state method queries or changes window' statevalid states passed in or returned include iconicwithdrawnzoomed (full screen on windowsuse geometry tkinter tourpart