tuplesfilesand everything else this rounds out our in-depth tour of the core object types in python by exploring the tuplea collection of other objects that cannot be changedand the filean interface to external files on your computer as you'll seethe tuple is relatively simple object that largely performs operations you've already learned about for strings and lists the file object is commonly used and full-featured tool for processing files on your computer because files are so pervasive in programmingthe basic overview of files here is supplemented by larger examples in later this also concludes this part of the book by looking at properties common to all the core object types we've met--the notions of equalitycomparisonsobject copiesand so on we'll also briefly explore other object types in python' toolboxincluding the none placeholder and the namedtuple hybridas you'll seealthough we've covered all the primary built-in typesthe object story in python is broader than 've implied thus far finallywe'll close this part of the book by taking look at set of common object type pitfalls and exploring some exercises that will allow you to experiment with the ideas you've learned this scope--filesas in on stringsour look at files here will be limited in scope to file fundamentals that most python programmers--including newcomers to programming--need to know in particularunicode text files were previewed in but we're going to postpone full coverage of them until as optional or deferred reading in the advanced topics part of this book for this purposewe'll assume any text files used will be encoded and decoded per your platform' defaultwhich may be utf- on windowsand ascii or other elsewhere (and if you don' know why this mattersyou probably don' need to up frontwe'll also assume that filenames encode properly on the underlying platformthough we'll stick with ascii names for portability here if unicode text and files is critical subject for youi suggest reading the preview for quick first lookand continuing on to