finallylet' wrap up this by briefly comparing the topics of this book' last two partsmodules and classes because they're both about namespacesthe distinction can be confusing in shortmodules -implement data/logic packages -are created with python files or other-language extensions -are used by being imported -form the top-level in python program structure classes -implement new full-featured objects -are created with class statements -are used by being called -always live within module classes also support extra features that modules don'tsuch as operator overloadingmultiple instance generationand inheritance although both classes and modules are namespacesyou should be able to tell by now that they are very different things we need to move ahead to see just how different classes can be summary this took us on secondmore in-depth tour of the oop mechanisms of the python language we learned more about classesmethodsand inheritanceand we wrapped up the namespaces and scopes story in python by extending it to cover its application to classes along the waywe looked at some more advanced conceptssuch as abstract superclassesclass data attributesnamespace dictionaries and linksand manual calls to superclass methods and constructors now that we've learned all about the mechanics of coding classes in python turns to specific facet of those mechanicsoperator overloading after that we'll explore common design patternslooking at some of the ways that classes are commonly used and combined to optimize code reuse before you read aheadthoughbe sure to work through the usual quiz to review what we've covered here test your knowledgequiz what is an abstract superclass what happens when simple assignment statement appears at the top level of class statement class coding details