( 'spam' accessing bits of parsed integers bin(values[ ]' values[ values[ bin(values[ ' bin(values[ ' bool(values[ true bool(values[ false result of struct unpack can get to bits in ints test first (lowestbit in int bitwise orturn bits on decimal is binary bitwise xoroff if both true test if bit is on test if bit is set since parsed bytes strings are sequences of small integerswe can do similar processing with their individual bytesaccessing bytes of parsed strings and bits within them values[ 'spamvalues[ ][ bytes stringsequence of ints values[ ][ :prints as ascii characters 'pambin(values[ ][ ]can get to bits of bytes in strings ' bin(values[ ][ turn bits on ' values[ ][ of coursemost python programmers don' deal with binary bitspython has higherlevel object typeslike lists and dictionaries that are generally better choice for representing information in python scripts howeverif you must use or produce lowerlevel data used by programsnetworking librariesor other interfacespython has tools to assist the pickle object serialization module we met the pickle module briefly in and in we also used the shelve modulewhich uses pickle internally for completeness herekeep in mind that the python version of the pickle module always creates bytes objectregardless of the default or passed-in "protocol(data format levelyou can see this by using the module' dumps call to return an object' pickle stringc:\codec:\python \python import pickle dumps(returns pickle string other string tool changes in