def msg(word ='mighty'word ='larch'label='the')print('% % % (labelword word )msg(word and word defaulted msg('majestic''moose'fails(lambdamsg('giant''redwood')fails(lambdamsg('great'word ='elm')print(''manual type and range tests @valuetest( =lambda xisinstance(xint) =lambda xx and def manual(ab)print( bmanual( fails(lambdamanual( )fails(lambdamanual( )print(''nestingruns bothby nesting proxies on original open issueouter levels do not validate positionals due to call proxy function' differing argument signaturewhen trace=truein all but the last of these "xis classified as defaulted due to the proxy' signature @rangetest( =( )@typetest( =strdef nester(xyz)return('% -% -% (xyz)only innermost validates positional args print(nester( 'spam')fails(lambdanester( )fails(lambdanester( = )fails(lambdanester( 'spam')fails(lambdanester( = = ='spam')original function runs properly nested typetest is runpositional nested typetest is runkeyword <==outer rangetest not runposit outer rangetest is runkeyword this module' self-test output in both and follows (some object displays vary slightly)as usualcorrelate with the source for more insights :\codepy - argtest py date [date argument "ynot ( ) [sum argument "anot [sum argument "cnot the mighty larch the majestic moose [msg argument "word not [msg argument "word not at > decorators