as you've seen many times already the line at checks whether the value of car is 'bmwusing double equal sign (==this equality operator returns true if the values on the left and right side of the operator matchand false if they don' match the values in this example matchso python returns true when the value of car is anything other than 'bmw'this test returns falseu car 'audiv car ='bmwfalse single equal sign is really statementyou might read the code at as "set the value of car equal to 'audion the other handa double equal signlike the one at vasks question"is the value of car equal to 'bmw'?most programming languages use equal signs in this way ignoring case when checking for equality testing for equality is case sensitive in python for exampletwo values with different capitalization are not considered equalcar 'audicar ='audifalse if case mattersthis behavior is advantageous but if case doesn' matter and instead you just want to test the value of variableyou can convert the variable' value to lowercase before doing the comparisoncar 'audicar lower(='auditrue this test would return true no matter how the value 'audiis formatted because the test is now case insensitive the lower(function doesn' change the value that was originally stored in carso you can do this kind of comparison without affecting the original variableu car 'audiv car lower(='auditrue car 'audiat we store the capitalized string 'audiin the variable car at we convert the value of car to lowercase and compare the lowercase value if statements