(falsetruebool('spam'true booleans object' boolean value none none placeholder print(xnone [none initialize list of nones [nonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonenonea list of nones how to break your code' flexibility 'll have more to say about all of python' object types laterbut one merits special treatment here the type objectreturned by the type built-in functionis an object that gives the type of another objectits result differs slightly in xbecause types have merged with classes completely (something we'll explore in the context of "new-styleclasses in part viassuming is still the list of the prior sectionin python xtype(ltype(type( )in python xtype(ltype(type( )typestype of is list type object even types are objects xtypes are classesand vice versa see for more on class types besides allowing you to explore your objects interactivelythe type object in its most practical application allows code to check the types of the objects it processes in factthere are at least three ways to do so in python scriptif type( =type([])print('yes'type testingif you must yes if type( =listprint('yes'using the type name yes if isinstance(llist)print('yes'object-oriented tests yes now that 've shown you all these ways to do type testinghoweveri am required by law to tell you that doing so is almost always the wrong thing to do in python program (and often sign of an ex- programmer first starting to use python!the reason why introducing python object types