columns in the table are properly aligned similar feature can be used for integersr print( "integer set to occupy exactly chars of spacer { : }"integer set to occupy exactly chars of spacer finallythe generic format specifier outputs floating point number in the most compact forma print( "without the format specifiera { } { "print( "with the format specifiera { : } { : "without the format specifiera with the format specifiera + importing modules we have seen that standard arithmetic operations are directly available in pythonwith no extra effort howeverwhat if more advanced mathematical operationssuch as sin xcos xln xare requiredthese functions are not available directlybut can be found in so-called modulewhich must be imported before they can be used in our program generallya great deal of functionality in python is found in such modulesand we will import one or more modules in nearly all the programs we write standard mathematical functions are found in module named mathand the following code computes the square root of number using the sqrt function in the math moduleimport math math sqrt( or from math import sqrt sqrt( or from math import import everything in math sqrt( this example illustrate three different ways of importing modules in the first onewe import everything from the math modulebut everything we want to use must be prefixed with math the second option imports only the sqrt functionand this function is imported into the main namespace of the programwhich means it can be used without prefix finallythe third option imports everything from math into the main namespaceso that all the functions from the module are available in our program without prefix