venture of iit bombay vjti alumni until nowyou have been reading and writing to the standard input and output nowwe will see how to use actual data files python provides basic functions and methods necessary to manipulate files by default you can do most of the file manipulation using file object the open function before you can read or write fileyou have to open it using python' builtin open(function this function creates file objectwhich would be utilized to call other support methods associated with it syntax file object open(file_name [access_mode][buffering]here are parameter details file_name the file_name argument is string value that contains the name of the file that you want to access access_mode the access_mode determines the mode in which the file has to be openedi readwriteappendetc complete list of possible values is given below in the table this is optional parameter and the default file access mode is read (rbuffering if the buffering value is set to no buffering takes place if the buffering value is line buffering is performed while accessing file if you