general format iteration and list comprehensions and nested loops nesting - parallel traversals - quiz questions and answers range built-in function and recursion versus sequence scans sorting keys - terminating usage examples - format built-in function __format__ method formatting strings (see string formattingfractions (fraction objectabout conversions and mixed types from_float method numeric accuracy in fractions module freeze tool from statement about modules and namespace pollution and package imports and variables and from statement about - as extension copying names exec built-in function and import statement versus package imports and potential pitfalls - relative imports model and reload built-in function and - testing and frozen binaries frozenset built-in function function attributes - - function decorators about - adding arguments - coding - implementing index manager functions versus method blunders - method declaration and properties and state retention options - timing calls - tracing calls - usage considerations user-defined validating arguments - functional programming built-in functions for - classes closures - list comprehensions - functions (see also specific functionsabout - accessor annotations and - - anonymous - applying generically - *arg form - **args form - calling classes and coding - - cohesion in common pitfalls - coupling decorators and - defining design concepts - expressions versus factory - - first-class object model generator - - helper - intersecting sequences - - introspection tools **kargs form keyword arguments manager - mapping operations - metafunctions - methods and nesting - *pargs form polymorphism in