Ameccaq neɣ Astum gar n sin n wagazen d teɣzi n uzerrig amaɣad gar n sin n wagazen-a. Tikwal tettili-d tenfalit ɣef umeccaq s yirem n wakud issefken i wakken ad tiddel s tikli neɣ s temseddut (aɣanib-a yeṭṭafar isemrasen iyalassen. maca mači ussniwen, acku ur yelli ara d ufrin). Dɣa tafat tettwasled deg wanecta acku tazzla-ines d timbeddit (s unect n tiẓri tamassaɣt) ɣef wanecta i ttwasidnen imeccaqen isnallunen s ifawatayen (ameccaq i tetteddu tafat deg useggas) s talɣa tussnant. Ameccaq yettwasnes deg ufaris (Tallunt × Tallunt) ar wuṭṭunen imdettiyen ilawen, ayen yennumken asnas yeqqnen yal sin n wagazen deg tallunt s wuṭṭun imdetti ilaw. Asnas-a ittfaras-d timentilin-a: ∀ ( x , y ) ∈ E 2 : d ( x , y ) = d ( y , x ) {\displaystyle \forall (x,y)\in E^{2}:d(x,y)=d(y,x)} (arawas) ∀ ( x , y ) ∈ E 2 : d ( x , y ) = 0 ⇔ x = y {\displaystyle \forall (x,y)\in E^{2}:d(x,y)=0\Leftrightarrow x=y} (abeṭṭay) ∀ ( x , y , z ) ∈ E 3 : d ( x , z ) ≤ d ( x , y ) + d ( y , z ) {\displaystyle \forall (x,y,z)\in E^{3}:d(x,z)\leq d(x,y)+d(y,z)} (Tanmeglit takeṛdisant) Deg tenzeggit Deg tanzeggit tuglimt == Ẓeṛ daɣen ==