== Amata ɣef umeslay d tutlayin == Ameslay, Tutlayt, Timetti Iwakken ad negzu amkan n tutlayt d wazal-is deg tudert n umdan, ilaq ad nwali assaɣen yellan gar tnekta-ya (tutlayt) akked snat n tnektiwin-nniḍen : ameslay d temetti. Ameslay Ameslay, yemgarad ɣef tutlayt. Imusnilsen (Ferdinand de Saussure; Noam Chomsky), ttwalin ameslay am wakken d tazmert tabyulujit i d-yettawi yal amdan deg wallaɣ-ines mi ara d-ilal. Tazmert-a, terza anagar amdan; ur tt-nettaf ara ɣur imudduren-nniḍen. Talɣiwin n taywalt ara naf ɣur kra n yimudduren, am tzizwa neɣ ibkan, mgaradent aṭas ɣef tulmisin n umeslay n umdan. Daɣ, ameslay d tagrumma n yilugan imadwanen s i yezmer umdan ad isayli tutlayin, ama d tin n tyemmat neɣ tid-nniḍen. Tutlayt Am wakken i nwala, d tazmert n umeslay (ilugan imadwanen) i d-yettaken tutlayt neɣ tutlayin (ilugan ikmamen). Ihi, ameslay d yiwen, yezdi akk imdanen. Ma d tultayin, ugtent, mgaradent akken mgaradent tmettiyin d yigduden i tent-yessawalen deg umaḍal. Tutlayt d allal n taywalt gar yimdanen n yiwet n temɣiwant tamutlayt. Timetti Amdan ɣas yettawi-d yid-es tazmert n umeslay mi ara d-ilal, ur issawaḍ ara ad issayli tutlayt ma ur d-yekkir ara gar yimdanen. ɣef wakka ur tezmir ad tili tutlayt war ma tella tmetti. Am wakken daɣ tudert tinmettit teqqen ɣer tutlayt acku s tutlayt i ttmsefhamen medden; s yess i dssenfalayen assaɣen yettilin gar-assen. Yal agdud, meẓẓi neɣ meqqer, ila tutlayt i yessemras d allal n taywalt. Tutlayin deg umaḍal/tutlayin n umaḍal Ugten tutlayin deg umaḍal akken ugten yigduden d temɣiwanin i tent-yessawalen. ɣas azalnsent yiwen, ur telli tin i d-yekkan nnig tayeḍ, tutlayin-a mgaradent deg waṭas n tulmisin : amḍan n yimsiwlen, asermres d twuriwin, aẓayer, atg. Amḍan n tutlayin deg umaḍal Imusnilsen mgaraden kra deg wayen yerzan amḍan i d-ttaken ɣef tutlayin yellan deg umaḍal. Llan gar-asen wid i d-yefkan amḍan n 5.000 n tutlayin ; wiyaḍ ssulin-t armi 7.000. Tamgardaya tekka-d seg wugur i d-nettmagar mi ara nebɣu ad neg tilisa gar tutlayin neɣ gar tantaliwin. Deg wanida kra n yimusnilsen ttwalin snat neɣ krad n tantaliwin icudden ɣer yiwet n tutlayt, wiyaḍ zemren ad walin snat neɣ krad n tutlayin yemgaraden. Amḍan n yimsiwlen Nezmer ad nebḍu tutlayin n umaḍal almend n umḍan n yimsiwlen-nsent. Llant tid i ssawalen nnig n mya n yimelyan n yimdanen : tamandarint, taglizit, taspenyulit, tahendit, atg. Akken llant tid i ssawalen kra n 1000 neɣ ddaw n 1000 (kra seg tutlayin n Wamaẓun d Tefriqt). Gar sin n yixfawen-a, ad naf tutlayin-nniḍen : talmanit (95.000.000), taṭelyanit (80. 000.000), takatalunit (10. 000. 000), tabaskit (800.000), atg. Ma d tutlayin ur nli wid i tent-yessawalen, ttusemmant d tutlayin yemmuten. Tutlayin yuran/tutlayin timawin Deg tadra-nsent, tutlayin akk d timawin. Almend n yinmezrayen, tira d tamaynut deg umezruy n talsa; tennulfa-d i tikkelt tamezwarut deg Sumer (Asamer Alelmmas) azal n 5.000 n yiseggasen aya. ɣas akken tira tettak afud i tutlayt, d allal n tneflit n yidles d tɣerma, drus n yiɣerfan i tt-yessemrasen. Dɣa amur ameqqran n tutlayin qqiment ar assa d timawin. Gar yigduden yessemrasen tira, llan wid i tt-isekcmen deg yal taɣult (tasekla, tasreḍt, tussna, taywalt, atg.). ɣur wiyaḍ, ad tt-naf anagar deg kra n taɣulin kan. taneflt beleflit teqtel nemel we jrad l foq lard,zid tkharbish ta3 egbayel....etcheh wereh Iḥricen d taɣulin tigejdanin n Tesnilest Tamsislit : D tussna, tzerrew imesla i d-yettefɣen seg taɣect n umdan ; Tasnimeslit : Tzerrew tawuri i lan yimesla d yimeslicen n yiwet n tutlayt ; Tasnalɣa : D tussna , tzerrew talɣiwin n wawalen Alɣac/Awalec ; Taseddast : Tzerrew amek i ddsent tefyar akked d wawalen i yellan deg-sent ; Tasnamka : Tzerrew anamek n wawal ; == Umuɣ n yidlisen ==