Takeddalt d yiwen wawal ur ssinen ara aṭas medden ass-a imi ay qqlen ur t-sseqdacen ara. Awal-a yeqqen ɣer tfellaḥt (takerrazt). Mi ara gen medden tafellaḥt (takerrazt) deg wakal yessawnen, yeḥḥecrurfen, yebded, sseɛdalen akal-nni, neqqcen-t u ttarrant d "tikeddalin", meḥsub d tiṣeddarin, ta s nnig tayeḍ. Yal takeddalt sseqɛaden-as akal-is u d ay-a ara yejjen ifellaḥen ad xedmen akal-nni, ad t-kerzen u ad ẓẓun deg-s ay-n ay asen-yehwan mebla uguren. Zik, Imaziɣen n tmiwa timedrarin (n yidurar) ttgen akk ay-n umi zemren i wakk-n ad amden (exploiter) akal. Ay anda tella ciṭṭ n tkemmict n wakal, ad tt-sfullḥen, ad tt-xedmen i wakk-n ad tenfeɛ u ad d-tefk lɣella. Ula d imukan iweɛṛen i tkerza, llan medden ttamden-ten akk-n zemren. Amkan anda ur tezmireṛ ara ad tesɛeddiḍ asekraz (lmaɛun), ad ẓẓu deg-s ṭṭjur ara d-yefken igumma (lfakya) neɣ err-it d aɛerqub n uzemmur. Ma d timiwa ay deg akal ur yeṣliḥ ara akk i tkerrazt (tafellaḥt), Imaziɣen llan sseqdacen-t i tkessawt. D acu kan, deg Tmurt n Leqbayel, medden smenyafen ad ksen akraren d yezgaren yernu ur ḥemmlen ara aṭas tiɣeḍḍen. Yuɣ lḥal, tiɣeḍḍen ssexṣarent ṭṭjur, yernu deg Tmurt n Leqbayel kullec ɛziz. Tamurt n Leqbayel ur tesɛi ara aṭas n yizaɣaren. Anda yella uzaɣar, ad t-amden wid izedɣen din, ad ẓẓun deg-s irden d temẓin. Maca deg tuddar n yidurar, medden ttamden akal akk-n zemren u ttgen leqrar i kulci. Tibexsisin, azemmur, lxeḍra, igumma (lfakya) d yibiṣaren d lɣellat ay nezmer ad tent-naf deg tuddar timedrarin n Tmurt n Leqbayel, maca lɣellat-agi meṛṛa ɣlayit, leqdic-nsent meqqer u ɣef way-a Leqbayel ur zmiren ara ad qeblen ad asen-tessexṣer taɣaḍt tineqlin-nsen. Icebba-yi Ṛebbi dakk-n awal "takeddalt" yettuseqdac diɣ s unamek n "tarekkabt" neɣ "taṣeddart" n yisunan (ddṛuj), maca ur tḥeqqeɣ ara ɣef wanect-a. Gabriel Camps, ma ur ɣliḍeɣ ara, yenna-d dakk-n Imaziɣen n yidurar yessedacen tikeddalin deg tkerrazt-nsen (tafellaḥt) banen dakk-n d iqdimen, d ineṣliyen deg tmiwa anda ay ttidiren, acku, ɣef leḥsab-is, imi Imaziɣen-agi sɛan aṭas ay-a seg wasmi ay zedɣen adrar, qqlen uɣen tanumi yid-s, myezgen-d d tudert n wedrar u d ay-a ay ten-yeǧǧan ad sseqdacen tikeddalin i wakk-n ad sqeɛden akal yeḥḥecrurfen, u ad qqlen zemren ad t-sfullḥen. Camps yenna-d dakk-n kra n yimezdaɣen n Waṭlas aṣeḥrawi deg Ldzayer, ttgen tikeddalin u d ay-a ay d-yesskanen dakk-n imezdaɣen-agi d iqdimen dinna, d ineṣliyen. D acu kan, Camps yenna-d dakk-n llant tmiwa niḍen (am deg Waṭlas atelli), ay deg imesdurar ɣas d Imaziɣen maca takerrazt-nsen ur d-temyezg ara akk d wakal n yidurar, yernu ur ssinen ara tikeddalin. ɣef way-a, Camps yenna-d dakk-n Imaziɣen-agi ɣas ttidiren ass-a deg wedrar, maca deg laṣel ur llin ara d imesdurar wanag usan-d seg uzaɣar. Ahat Imaziɣen-agi ad ilin srewlen-ten-id seg uzaɣar, dɣa zedɣen idurar yili nitni ur uɣen ara tanumi d tudert n wedrar. Akk-n yebɣu yili, ulac ccek dakk-n Leqbayel n tama n ǧeṛǧeṛ d imezdaɣen iqdimen n wedrar. Yelha ma nessen amezruy n tikli n tewsatin (leɛɛṛac) d trebbaɛ n Yimaziɣen seg wemkan ɣer wayeḍ imi ay-a yezmer ad aɣ-iɛawen i wakk-n ad nefhem amezruy-nneɣ xir, ad nissin amezruy n yal tama deg tmurt-nneɣ (Tamazɣa) u ad nefhem ugar amezruy n tutlayt-nneɣ. Mi ara nɣer amezruy aqdim n Tmazɣa, ad nger tamawt dakk-n, s umata, idlisen la d-ttmeslayen kan ɣef yegduden d tewsatin tibeṛṛaniyin ay d-ikecmen ɣer tmurt-nneɣ d wassaɣ n yimezdaɣen ineṣliyen akk d yegduden-a, neɣ tikkwal, ula d imezdaɣen ineṣliyen qqlen deg rrif, ur d-ttwabdaren ara akk, wanag amezruy iḥekku-d kan ɣef wassaɣ ay d-yellan ger Ṛṛuman d Yifiniqiyen neɣ ger Yibizenṭiyen d Yiwendaliyen, ad as-tiniḍ tamurt-nneɣ ulac deg-s imezdaɣen. Maca, seg zik ay llant trebbaɛ d tewsatin timaziɣin la teddunt sdaxel n Tmazɣa u yelha ma nemmeslay-d ɣef way-a deg yiznan ara d-iteddun, ma yebɣa Ṛebbi. Yella yiwen wuṭṭun n "La Revue Africaine", ay d-yemmeslayen ɣef way-n uran Ṛṛuman d Yegrigiyen ɣef tikli n "yegduden" d tewsatin timaziɣin deg tallit-nni. Amagrad-a yebder-d aṭas n yismawen n tewsatin timaziɣin yellan ttidirent deg Libya, Tunes d Ldzayer n wass-a yernu ay-a yesɛa azal meqqren. Ad d-nawi awal ɣef way-a tikkelt niḍen ncalleh. Bɣiɣ kan ad awen-d-iniɣ dakk-n tikli n trebbaɛ timaziɣin seg tama ɣer tayeḍ d ay-n ay d-yeǧǧan lateṛ deg tmura-nneɣ ar ass-a. Bedreɣ-d tikkelt-nni iɛeddan dakk-n tiwsatin tiznatiyin ad ilint usant-d seg Tunes n wass-a, u bdant la teddunt ɣer lɣerb n Tmazɣa deg taggara n tallit n Ṛṛuman. Tiwsatin tiznatiyin ǧǧant-d lateṛ meqqren mliḥ deg Tmazɣa imi, akk-n yebɣu yili, ssawḍent ad sselḥunt tutlayt-nsent deg qrib akk timiwa n Tmazɣa n Ugafa (nord). Ass-a, tacawit, tacenwit, tamẓabit akk d trifit d tintalyin tiznatiyin. Seg tama niḍen, ṭṭradat ay yeḍran deg Tmazɣa seg tallit n Ṛṛuman ar ass-a d wid yettekkan deg tikli n waṭas n Yimaziɣen seg tama ɣer tayeḍ, imi llan waṭas n medden ay yesserwel ṭṭrad. Ad d-neqqel ɣer temsal-agi meṛṛa s wugar n ttfaṣil ma yebɣa Ṛebbi.