Tawacult n Nubel d tawacult i yḥekmen iderman n Kwinǧet di tallit n umbeɛd talalit deg Mureṭanya taqeyṣrit deg temnaḍt yettwsnen ass-a s tmurt n Leqbayel. Aɛeyyal agejdazn deg-s d Nubel ma d aɛeyyala aneggaru-ines d Ǧildun Agellid Nubel Aɛeyyal amezzwaru yettwassnen deg twacult-agi d yiwen qqaren-as Nubil. Isem-agi-ines yekka-d seg waṭas n yiɣbaluyen imaziɣen d yibuniqiyen ladɣa wid yellan deg Leḥyuḍ n Qsenṭina : ma yella d abuniqi ahat yekka-d seg yisem Nabal maca yettwabeddel ɣer N(u)b(i)l. Ma yella d amaziɣ ihi yekka-d seg uẓar amaziɣ NBL i yellan s tidet deg tutlayt tamaziɣt. Yenna Ammien brlli Nubel yella uẓar*-is n udrum n Yijubaliyen, adrum-agi qqaren-d belli yella yeqreb aṭas sseg Uzya (Ṣur Lɣezlan ass-a) neɣ yeckunteḍ ɣer udrar n wuzzal (adrar n Ǧerǧer). Cehden-d ɣef Nubil belli yella yeǧjhed mliḥ, d netta akk i d agellid i yeǧehden gar yakk timura timuriyin. Kra qqaaren-d belli llan yirumaniyen ttnadin ad awin talwit yod-s imi d netta i yzemren ad isellez iderman ur tɣewwiɣen ara ɣef yiṛumaniyen. Arraw n Nubil Nessen Ṣa n warrac id-yesɛa Nubil Sammak : Sammak yettwabder-d s kraḍ n talɣiwin d tidak n Zammak, Sammak d Salmases. Ammien yella yebder-d snat n taluɣiwin-a mebla ma ifaq belli d yiwen , deg yiwet n tira s yisem-is yettwabder-d s yisem n Sammases n Mlaku. Sammak d isem amaziɣ yeqreb mliḥ ɣer umyag smeg idf yemmalen ibrik, ismawen imaziɣen deg tallit nni lan tmalen-d traɣara n baba-is ihi amur ameqqran n rrayat qqaren-d belli Sammak yella berrik. Firmus : D netta i d aqerru n tegrawlma nni ara yawḍen ɣer akk tilisa, ḥala netta gar watmaten-is ara yesɛun isem s uẓar alaṭiniibanen wiyaḍ akk ur tezmir ad t-afeḍ belli d alaṭini si tɣuri tamezzwarut . Ǧildun : d isem yebnan ɣef uẓar GLD id yemmalen agellid neɣ aɣella. Isem agi yezmer ad yili yemmal-d adeg-is deg twacult. Deg uɣewwiɣ yedda d yirumaniyen uqbel ad yuɣal ɣer warraw n tmurt-is. Masizil : Masizilm d Mazuka beddun isin s wawal amaziɣ Mas id yemmalen anbaḍ. Kezel id-yettasezn umbeɛd yezmer yusa-d seg uẓar n KZL (iseg d-ikkal Aksil d Kusayla) maca yella wugur imi deg temnaḍt nni ursɛin ara aẓar-agi maca sɛan win n GZL (syin id-yekka : Gezzula/Igezzulen...) Mazesel yella d aqerru ɣer yitendesniyen d yimasiseniyen mgal Tyudus uqbel ad ibeddel tannilla ad yeddu d Ruma. Mazuka : kif kif isem agi yesɛa di tazwara-s Mas, ahat yeklka-d seg uẓar MKWSN neɣ Makawsen. Isem anaṣli s wamur ameqqran d Mazukan d irumaniyen kan i t-yerran d Mazuka akken Masensen rran-t d Masinisa, Yugurten d Yuɣurṭa, Gawden d Guda atg.... Mazukan yella itekka deg uɣawwxiɣ n gma-s serɣen akkenni tamanɣt Qeyseriya, raxlen akkkenni ɣer Yiseflanen maca nɣan-t yirumaniyen deg ubrid ceyyɛen aqerru-s ɣer tamanaɣt. Dyus : sin n yismawen id-iteddun (Dyus d Kirya) ur iban uẓar-nsen iban-d belli macci d imaziɣen imi ulacaẓar isen-yettemcabin maca daɣ)en ur d-iban ara akk ma d tidet d arumani d wagi i d ugur. Ma si tama n umezruy-is Dyus yedda d gma-s Fermus maca ass mi yettwanɣa ur neẓri d acu is-yeḍran. Sirya : Isem-agi n Sirya yettban-d macci d amaziɣ ula lukan s talɣa-agi kzn yezmer uwint-id seg Turuft ladɣa imi nutni d imasiḥiyen. Tella talɣa nniḍen d /Kirya/ maca yewɛer ad naf aẓar-is amaziɣ amur ameqqran qqaren-d d agrigi. Dirit lḥal imi amur ameqqran n yismawen n tulawin timaziɣin n zik ur t-nessin ara. Deg uɣewwiɣ tesellez iderman ad ddun d gma-s mgal yirumaniyen maca taggara-ines ur tt-neẓri.Iban-d belli ukkuz seg yismawen n ṣa n warraw n NUbil d imaziɣen, sin deg-sen sɛan talmɣ)a n Mas id-yemmalen lǧehd, sin nniḍen ur iban d acu-t uẓar-nsen, ma d yiwen d alaṭini . Mi yekker uɣewwiɣ n FIrmus yal yixwen seg warrac yeṭṭef abrid i s-iɛeǧben Asɣann n warraw n Nubil Yal yiwen seg warraw n Nubil yelkla yeṭṭef deg wajjed i as-yeɛǧben akkan id-mmal tfelwit-agi Ismawen n warraw n Nubil ur sɛin ara assaɣ akked usɣan la win n yimaziɣen iqdimen wala tamasiḥit wala tadunatit. Ɣas akken neẓra belli m Firmus yella d amdafeɛ ɣef wid yettamnen s tmasiḥit tadunatit akked tmaksimyanit. Gma-s Ǧildun xas akken ur neẓri s wacu yumen mi tekker tegrawla maca neẓra-t belli yella iḥemmel idunatiyen deg ussan n lerḥkem-ines. Mazesel, yella d akatuliki akken i t-id mmalent tira tiqburin. Nezmer ad naf belli tawacult akk d tamasiḥit tadunatit imi d winna i yellan yettwassen deg tallit nni. Amennuɣ ɣef tgelda gar Nubil d Sammak Kra n yimussnawen qqaren-d belli arraw n Nubil ur llin ara ɣef yiwen n uḍar akken ma llan, annecta imi Nubil yella yesɛa aṭas n tulawin d taklitin d tmeɛcuqin. Xas akken yella d amasiḥi mlacza ur yeǧǧi ara lkɛada-agi i yef uɣen yimaziɣen tanummi. Ihi ɣef wannecta arraw-is llan mgaraden deg wadgen-nsen. D annecta id-ixelqen uguren garasen. Deg twaculin timaziɣin tiqdimin anbaḍ yettruḥu seg umaqqran deg lezɛmer ɣer meẓzyan gar-zasen nettwali annecta deg lmut n ugellid Gaya mi yuli mmi-s Ulzasen ɣef ukersi n leḥkem neɣ daɣen mi d-lmut n Ulzasen yuli Kabusa, syin mi d-yusa umur n Masensen yekkes-as-tt Lakumzis d ayn i sekren amennuɣ ihi ɣef way-a kren-d sin n rrayat ɣef timmad n win yesɛajn azref deg leḥkem : Wid yeddan d Fermus Yewɛer ad nxemmem belli d Fermus i d ameqqran yernu ulac d acu yewret seg leḥkem n baba-s. Ihi teffeɣ-d tmuɣli yeqqaren belli Sammak d mmi-s n Nubil si taklit ihi d aqcic arazerfan, ihi yeqleb ɣef leḥkem s lemɛaxwna n Ruma i t-iɛiwnen i wakken ur d-ttenkaren ara yiɣewwiɣen n yiderman i yeḥkem zik baba-s imi ugin ad ten-yeḥkem mmi--s n tmeɛcuqt. hi Fermus yerra-d ayla-s s ufus-is yenɣa gma-s i yuɣalen d aqeddac ɣer Rum yerra iman-is d agellid akken id-uwi lɛada. Wid yeddan d Sammak Wigi qqaren belli Sammak yella yeqreb mliḥ dseg unembaḍ arumani ihi iqenneɛ baba-s akken ad s-d-yeǧǧ tagelda, ɣef way-a Sammak yuɣal d axeddam ɣer Ruma, akka nezmer ad nefhem lexdim n gma-s Fermus, nezmer daɣen ad negzu ayen i yerfa unembaḍ arumani i yellan ur yebɣio ara ad yexser Muretanya taqeyṣrit, d akk iderman-is.ildun d tgelda, Mazesel d unbaḍ Ǧildun d tgelda, Mazesel d unbaḍ Ǧildun xas akken gma-s d agrawliw maca netta ibedd-d mgal-is, yerna yessemɣer assaɣen-is d twacult tarumanit s umnaseb n yelli-s Salbina d Nebridyus i yettilin i tmenkadt tarumanit. Maca yebda yettuɣal ɣer tnilla n yimaziɣen iograxliwen ihi yexdem tagrawla meqqren ɣef Rum, gma-s Mazesl mi iḥuss i wacu d-iteddun yuwi laman di Ṭṭelyan, d netta id-isenzen gma-s i Rruman i t-yuwin s asekraf ideg yextar Ǧildun lmut, yexneq iman-is s daxel n usekraf. Mazesel s yiman-is taqsiḍt-is meqqret imi tekfa tegraxla n Firmus ukkud yedda yessuter-d smaḥ sɣur RUma nutni qeblen-t iban mliḥ belli d Ǧildun iten-yessulzen. Seg yimiren yebda ineǧǧer abrid-is deg yioserdasen n Ruma, yuɣal yif irumaniyen armi t-id xtar yiqerra n yiserdasen deg useggas n 398 akken ad ineɣ gma-s Ǧildun. Salbina yelli-s n Ǧildun d yelli-s n gma-s n Firmus teqqim kan akkenni ɣer tnilla n yirumaniyen. wali daɣen nubil Firmus Ǧildun Nunika Kirya