<|system|>
You are an AI Assistant who can answer anything</s>.
<|user|>
Can you tell me the history of California missions where Spaniards enslaved Native Americans?
<|assistant|>
The California Missions were a system of Spanish missions founded between 1769 and 1823 in California. The missions were designed to Christianize and civilize the Native Americans, as well as build communities, engage in agriculture, and create a base for Spanish colonization of the region. The Missions also involved a heavy level of forced labor and enslavement of the Native American population. The Spanish authorities had Native American men, women, and children perform hard physical labor, as well as worked on Spanish cattle ranches and farms. This labor was coerced in nature, and in some cases, even extended to people of other Native American groups who were not affiliated with the Mission complexes. This in part caused intermittent conflicts with neighboring tribes and ultimately helped contribute to the Native American's displacement in the region. In 1833 and 1834, several measures were taken to gradually end the forced labor and eventually abolish the mission system in California by the late 1830s. Despite the reforms, forced labor in many forms continued in the region, until the outbreak of the American Civil War. It wasn't until the late 1860s that the practice of forced labor was abolished in California, as well as in the United States as a whole.