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Context: There is little consensus on the precise beginning of the Age of Enlightenment; the beginning of the 18th century (1701) or the middle of the 17th century (1650) are often used as epochs. French historians usually place the period, called the Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments), between 1715 and 1789, from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution. If taken back to the mid-17th century, the Enlightenment would trace its origins to Descartes' Discourse on Method, published in 1637. In France, many cited the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica in 1687. It is argued by several historians and philosophers that the beginning of the Enlightenment is when Descartes shifted the epistemological basis from external authority to internal certainty by his cogito ergo sum published in 1637. As to its end, most scholars use the last years of the century, often choosing the French Revolution of 1789 or the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1804–15) as a convenient point in time with which to date the end of the Enlightenment.
Question: Most scholars use the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars or which other battle as a convenient date to end the Enlightenment?
Answer: French Revolution
Question: French historians generally use the beginning of which King's reign to date the start of the Enlightenment?
Answer: Louis XV
Question: What do French historians commonly call the Age of Enlightenment?
Answer: Siècle des Lumières (Century of Enlightenments)
Question: In what year was Descartes' Discourse on Method published?
Answer: 1637
Question: In what year was Issaac Newton's Principia Mathematica published?
Answer: 1687 |
Context: Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The College Park campus includes an archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.
Question: What is the second facility of NARA named?
Answer: Archives II
Question: When was Archives II opened?
Answer: 1994
Question: What college is Archives II closest to?
Answer: University of Maryland
Question: What college does NARA have cooperatives initiatives with?
Answer: University of Maryland
Question: What campus of University of Maryland is listed on the National Register of Historic Places?
Answer: College Park campus
Question: Why did the University of Maryland open another campus site?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do the National Register of Historic Places and NARA often engage in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the College Park Campus founded?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the second campus opened by the University of Maryland?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What college does the National Register of Historic Places have cooperative initiatives with?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: PlayStation Network is the unified online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service provided by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, announced during the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo. The service is always connected, free, and includes multiplayer support. The network enables online gaming, the PlayStation Store, PlayStation Home and other services. PlayStation Network uses real currency and PlayStation Network Cards as seen with the PlayStation Store and PlayStation Home.
Question: In what city did Sony hold their 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing?
Answer: Tokyo
Question: Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases?
Answer: real
Question: Along with being free and providing constant connectivity, what other feature does PS Network offer users?
Answer: multiplayer support
Question: PlayStation Network is only available for PS3 and what other device?
Answer: PlayStation Portable
Question: In what city did Sony hold their 2005 PlayStation Business Briefing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for picture viewing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with being free and providing constant connectivity, what other feature does PS Network not offer users?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: PlayStation Network is only available for PS2 and what other device?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: PlayStation Netbook is only available for PS3 and what other device?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Israel, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate the effectiveness of an opposing air-defence system. It is an arms race; as better jamming, countermeasures and anti-radiation weapons are developed, so are better SAM systems with ECCM capabilities and the ability to shoot down anti-radiation missiles and other munitions aimed at them or the targets they are defending.
Question: In agreement with NATO members, the US Air Force and which country has created tactics for air defence suppression?
Answer: Israel
Question: The goal of what is to suppress opposing air defence systems?
Answer: Dedicated weapons
Question: As better weapons are created, what systems continue to improve as well to counter them?
Answer: SAM systems with ECCM capabilities |
Context: The TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936, when it was divided up into three separate entities (Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR). Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.
Question: Who succeeded Vladimir Lenin?
Answer: Joseph Stalin
Question: Which three parts make up the TSFSR?
Answer: Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR
Question: When did the TSFSR break up into three parts?
Answer: 1936
Question: Who provided the Armenians with supplies?
Answer: Moscow |
Context: Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements. It has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since antiquity. The ancient Egyptians credited one of their gods Hathor with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilise the world. Egyptians used music instruments since then. Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of people such as Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez whose age is considered the golden age of music in Egypt and the whole Middle East and North-Africa. Prominent contemporary Egyptian pop singers include Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir.
Question: What elements mix for Egyptian music?
Answer: indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western
Question: Who is credited with invention of music by ancient Egyptians?
Answer: Hathor
Question: What artist are considered the golden age of Egyptian music?
Answer: Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez
Question: What is more contemporary Egyptian Pop Singer?
Answer: Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir |
Context: On October 1, 1932, in game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees, Babe Ruth allegedly stepped to the plate, pointed his finger to Wrigley Field's center field bleachers and hit a long home run to center. There is speculation as to whether the "facts" surrounding the story are true or not, but nevertheless Ruth did help the Yankees secure a World Series win that year and the home run accounted for his 15th and last home run in the post season before he retired in 1935.
Question: When was game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees?
Answer: October 1, 1932
Question: Who allegedly hit a home run to the Center?
Answer: Babe Ruth
Question: When did Babe Ruth retire?
Answer: 1935 |
Context: The native language of the Romans was Latin. Although surviving Latin literature consists almost entirely of Classical Latin, an artificial and highly stylised and polished literary language from the 1st century BC, the actual spoken language was Vulgar Latin, which significantly differed from Classical Latin in grammar, vocabulary, and eventually pronunciation. Rome's expansion spread Latin throughout Europe, and over time Vulgar Latin evolved and dialectised in different locations, gradually shifting into a number of distinct Romance languages. Many of these languages, including French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish, flourished, the differences between them growing greater over time. Although English is Germanic rather than Roman in origin, English borrows heavily from Latin and Latin-derived words.[citation needed]
Question: What was the primary language of the Romans?
Answer: Latin
Question: What type of language is French considered to be?
Answer: Romance languages
Question: What type of Latin was likely spoken in Rome?
Answer: Vulgar Latin
Question: How would Vulgar Latin eventually differ from Classical Latin?
Answer: pronunciation
Question: Which Germanic originating language densely acquired aspects from Latin?
Answer: English |
Context: In addition to the above, Greece is also to start oil and gas exploration in other locations in the Ionian Sea, as well as the Libyan Sea, within the Greek exclusive economic zone, south of Crete. The Ministry of the Environment, Energy and Climate Change announced that there was interest from various countries (including Norway and the United States) in exploration, and the first results regarding the amount of oil and gas in these locations were expected in the summer of 2012. In November 2012, a report published by Deutsche Bank estimated the value of natural gas reserves south of Crete at €427 billion.
Question: What is Greece set to start exploring the Ionian Sea for?
Answer: oil and gas
Question: What countries have expressed interest in Greece's oil and gas exploration?
Answer: Norway and the United States
Question: When were the first results of the energy explorations expected?
Answer: summer of 2012
Question: When did the Deutsche Bank publish a report on the findings of the value of the reserves south of Crete?
Answer: November 2012
Question: What did the Deutsche Bank estimate the value of the reserves to be at?
Answer: €427 billion
Question: What is Greece going to stop exploring the Ionian Sea for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What countries have expressed no interest in Greece's oil and gas exploration?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were the last results of the energy explorations expected?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Deutsche Bank destroy a report on the findings of the value of the reserves south of Crete?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Deutsche Bank estimate the value of the reserves to become in years ahead?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In contrast to this viewpoint, an article and associated editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2015 emphasized the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments, and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to overemphasize the problems created by financial conflicts of interest. The article noted that major healthcare organizations such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration had encouraged greater interactions between physicians and industry in order to bring greater benefits to patients.
Question: Who were some of the companies that encouraged the interactions between doctors and the pharmaceutical industry?
Answer: World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration
Question: When did the article come out about the importance of interactions?
Answer: May 2015
Question: What was the reason behind these interactions?
Answer: bring greater benefits to patients
Question: What was believed to have created a financial conflict of interest?
Answer: moral outrage over industry malfeasance
Question: Who printed the article about the importance of interactions?
Answer: New England Journal of Medicine
Question: What publication had an article about the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions in 2015?
Answer: New England Journal of Medicine
Question: When was the editorial published?
Answer: May 2015
Question: Did major healthcare organizations support or discourage interactions between doctors and industries?
Answer: encouraged greater interactions
Question: Who were some of the companies that encouraged the interactions between doctors and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the article come out about the importance of doctors?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the reason behind these conflicts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was believed to have created physician interactions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who printed the article about the importance of malfeasance?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to "family trees". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that "community of error implies community of origin." That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.
Question: What is stemmatics?
Answer: a rigorous approach to textual criticism
Question: What is a cladogram?
Answer: The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram.
Question: What is implied when two witnesses have a number of errors in common?
Answer: it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source
Question: What is a hyparchetype?
Answer: a common intermediate source
Question: What is recension?
Answer: The process of constructing the stemma
Question: A loose approach to textual criticism is called what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Karl Lachmann contribute to making stemmatics famous?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How did Lachmann make stemmatics famous?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The final stage of the stemma is called what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Recension and Latin recensio is latin for what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In December 2009 the United Kingdom became the first European country to deploy high definition content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard, as specified in the Digital TV Group (DTG) D-book, on digital terrestrial television.
Question: Which European country first deployed HD content using the new DVB-T2 standard?
Answer: the United Kingdom
Question: When did the UK deploy HD content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard?
Answer: December 2009
Question: What transmission standard did the UK start using in December 2009?
Answer: DVB-T2
Question: What does DTG stand for?
Answer: Digital TV Group
Question: Which European country first deployed SD content using the new DVB-T2 standard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the UK deploy SD content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What transmission standard did the US start using in December 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does DTD stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The study of plants is vital because they underpin almost all animal life on Earth by generating a large proportion of the oxygen and food that provide humans and other organisms with aerobic respiration with the chemical energy they need to exist. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in the structural components of cells. As a by-product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. In addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise soils, preventing soil erosion. Plants are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, oxygen, medicine, and products for people, as well as creating and preserving soil.
Question: Why are plants important to human life?
Answer: oxygen and food
Question: What is the process that converts sunlight to energy?
Answer: photosynthesis
Question: What is used to rebuild cells?
Answer: organic molecules
Question: What vital element is a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Answer: oxygen
Question: What do plant roots prevent?
Answer: soil erosion |
Context: Despite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was aided by Lord George Sackville. The naval squadron and transports for the expedition were commanded by Richard Howe. The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay, proceeded to St. Malo, and, finding that it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan. It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction. The force then re-embarked under threat of the arrival of French relief forces. An attack on Havre de Grace was called off, and the fleet sailed on to Cherbourg; the weather being bad and provisions low, that too was abandoned, and the expedition returned having damaged French privateering and provided further strategic demonstration against the French coast.
Question: What was the style of William Pitt's warfare?
Answer: saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise
Question: What action did Pitt take against France in 1758?
Answer: The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay
Question: How did the invading British army do at St. Malo?
Answer: it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan
Question: What damage was done at the alternate site?
Answer: It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction
Question: How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces?
Answer: the expedition returned having damaged French privateering |
Context: When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calling itself the Government of National Defence. After the German victory at Sedan, most of the French standing army was either besieged in Metz or prisoner of the Germans, who hoped for an armistice and an end to the war. Bismarck wanted an early peace but had difficulty in finding a legitimate French authority with which to negotiate. The Government of National Defence had no electoral mandate, the Emperor was a captive and the Empress in exile but there had been no abdication de jure and the army was still bound by an oath of allegiance to the defunct imperial régime.
Question: Whose surrender hit Paris as big news?
Answer: Napoleon III
Question: Which empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris?
Answer: the Second Empire
Question: The uprising forced a proclamation of what?
Answer: Provisional Government and a Third Republic
Question: How did the new government refer to itself?
Answer: Government of National Defence
Question: Bismarck desired an early piece but lacked what in the negotiation process?
Answer: a legitimate French authority |
Context: Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).
Question: What two key elements that distinguish literature as a written form of art?
Answer: deemed to have artistic or intellectual value
Question: What are two major divisions of literature?
Answer: fiction or non-fiction
Question: Besides this major division, what are two other sub-divisions to describe literature?
Answer: poetry or prose
Question: Prose literature can be sub-divided into what formats?
Answer: the novel, short story or drama
Question: What words are the Latin roots of the word "literature?"
Answer: literatura/litteratura
Question: What are the two Greek roots for "literature?"
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are two major divisions of English?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does art consist of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is it called when literature often uses different languages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Italian concept of cultura?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is it called when works are not categorized by historical periods?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Other than novella, what is the other subdivisions of prose literature?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is literature as written productions always restricted to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Roman root for "literature?"
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Latin concept of cultura?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Besides historical genres, how are works often categorized?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Birds have featured in culture and art since prehistoric times, when they were represented in early cave paintings. Some birds have been perceived as monsters, including the mythological Roc and the Māori's legendary Pouākai, a giant bird capable of snatching humans. Birds were later used as symbols of power, as in the magnificent Peacock Throne of the Mughal and Persian emperors. With the advent of scientific interest in birds, many paintings of birds were commissioned for books. Among the most famous of these bird artists was John James Audubon, whose paintings of North American birds were a great commercial success in Europe and who later lent his name to the National Audubon Society. Birds are also important figures in poetry; for example, Homer incorporated nightingales into his Odyssey, and Catullus used a sparrow as an erotic symbol in his Catullus 2. The relationship between an albatross and a sailor is the central theme of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, which led to the use of the term as a metaphor for a 'burden'. Other English metaphors derive from birds; vulture funds and vulture investors, for instance, take their name from the scavenging vulture.
Question: When were birds represented in early cave paintings?
Answer: since prehistoric times
Question: What is a mythological giant bird capable of snatching humans?
Answer: Pouākai
Question: John James Audubon later lent his name to which group?
Answer: National Audubon Society
Question: What did Homer incorporate into his Odyssey?
Answer: nightingales
Question: The relationship between an albatross and a sailor is the central theme of what book?
Answer: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner |
Context: Uranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitride, and halide compounds. Two crystal modifications of uranium hydride exist: an α form that is obtained at low temperatures and a β form that is created when the formation temperature is above 250 °C.
Question: At what temperature range in degrees Fahrenheit will uranium metal form uranium hydride?
Answer: 482 to 572
Question: What does uranium metal react with to create uranium hydride?
Answer: hydrogen
Question: Above what temperature is the β form of uranium hydride created?
Answer: 250 °C
Question: Along with uranium carbide and halide, what type of compound is often created with uranium hydride?
Answer: nitride
Question: How many crystal modifications of uranium hydride are extant?
Answer: Two
Question: At what temperature range in degrees Fahrenheit won't uranium metal form uranium hydride?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What doesn't uranium metal react with to create uranium hydride?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Above what temperature is the β form of uranium hydride destroyed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with uranium carbide and halide, what type of compound is often destroyed with uranium hydride?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many crystal modifications of plutonium hydride are extant?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Mimicry is a related phenomenon where an organism has a similar appearance to another species. One such example is the drone fly, which looks a lot like a bee, yet is completely harmless as it cannot sting at all. Another example of batesian mimicry is the io moth, (Automeris io), which has markings on its wings that resemble an owl's eyes. When an insectivorous predator disturbs the moth, it reveals its hind wings, temporarily startling the predator and giving it time to escape. Predators may also use mimicry to lure their prey, however. Female fireflies of the genus Photuris, for example, copy the light signals of other species, thereby attracting male fireflies, which are then captured and eaten (see aggressive mimicry).
Question: What is the phenomenon where an organism looks like another species called?
Answer: Mimicry
Question: Which organism looks like a bee but cannot sting?
Answer: drone fly
Question: A moth that has markings resembling an owl's eyes is an example of what phenomenon?
Answer: Mimicry
Question: What is a defensive way that mimicry can be used?
Answer: startling the predator and giving it time to escape
Question: How can predators use mimicry?
Answer: to lure their prey
Question: What does a female firefly look like, but isn't able to sting?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do drone flies copy to attract male fireflies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happens when drone flies attract male fireflies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do the markings on female fireflies resemble?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why does a female firefly use the markings on its wings?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The women of Tuvalu use cowrie and other shells in traditional handicrafts. The artistic traditions of Tuvalu have traditionally been expressed in the design of clothing and traditional handicrafts such as the decoration of mats and fans. Crochet (kolose) is one of the art forms practiced by Tuvaluan women. The material culture of Tuvalu uses traditional design elements in artefacts used in everyday life such as the design of canoes and fish hooks made from traditional materials. The design of women's skirts (titi), tops (teuga saka), headbands, armbands, and wristbands, which continue to be used in performances of the traditional dance songs of Tuvalu, represents contemporary Tuvaluan art and design.
Question: What sea creatures were used in traditional handicrafts?
Answer: shells
Question: In what item has Tuvalu traditional design been produced?
Answer: clothing
Question: What type of decorative items use traditional Tuvalu designs?
Answer: mats and fans
Question: For what have objects having traditional design been used?
Answer: everyday life
Question: What traditional purpose are Tuvalu designs still used?
Answer: dance songs |
Context: On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pride, as Intendant General Wolff told him and his staff that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible. Therefore, the armies of France would take up a defensive position that would protect against every possible attack point, but also left the armies unable to support each other.
Question: Which disaster made French planning supremely essential?
Answer: the disaster at Wissembourg
Question: Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar?
Answer: General Le Bœuf
Question: Planning for the next battle was less based on emotion and more focused on what?
Answer: the reality of unfolding events
Question: Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible?
Answer: General Wolff
Question: What did the French armies decide on to protect against every possible attack point?
Answer: a defensive position |
Context: Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek). However, the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March,[n 2] which is now generally accepted as the correct date.
Question: In what village was Frédéric born in?
Answer: Żelazowa Wola
Question: On what date was Frédéric born on?
Answer: 22 February 1810
Question: Despite the birthdate given by parish baptismal, what date is given by the composer and his family instead?
Answer: 1 March
Question: What was the latin form of Frédéric's full name?
Answer: Fridericus Franciscus
Question: How many miles was the village Frédéric born in located to the west of Warsaw?
Answer: 29
Question: Where was Chopin born?
Answer: Żelazowa Wola
Question: Who was responsible for the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw?
Answer: Napoleon
Question: When was his birthday recorded as being?
Answer: 22 February 1810
Question: What birth date is now considered as his actual birthday?
Answer: 1 March
Question: Chopin's given names in Latin are what?
Answer: Fridericus Franciscus
Question: The Duchy of Warsaw was created by whom?
Answer: Napoleon
Question: Chopin's birth is recorded as when?
Answer: 22 February 1810
Question: What birth date is now considered correct for Chopin?
Answer: 1 March
Question: What is the Latin form of Chopin's name?
Answer: Fridericus Franciscus
Question: Chopin was actually born outside of Warsaw at what location?
Answer: Żelazowa Wola
Question: What famous French leader had established the Polish state at this time?
Answer: Napoleon |
Context: At the end of 2004, May and Taylor announced that they would reunite and return to touring in 2005 with Paul Rodgers (founder and former lead singer of Free and Bad Company). Brian May's website also stated that Rodgers would be "featured with" Queen as "Queen + Paul Rodgers", not replacing Mercury. The retired John Deacon would not be participating. In November 2004, Queen were among the inaugural inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame, and the award ceremony was the first event at which Rodgers joined May and Taylor as vocalist.
Question: Paul Rodgers joined Queen in what year?
Answer: 2005
Question: Paul Rodgers used to be the lead singer of what two bands?
Answer: Free and Bad Company
Question: Which retired Queen member did not join the reunion?
Answer: John Deacon
Question: In what year was Queen inducted in the UK Hall of Fame?
Answer: 2004 |
Context: The space-consuming analog video signal of a LaserDisc limited playback duration to 30 minutes (CAV) or 60 minutes (CLV) per side because of the hardware manufacturer's refusal to reduce line count for increased playtime. After one side was finished playing, a disc has to be flipped over in order to continue watching a movie, and some titles fill two or more discs. Many players, especially units built after the mid-1980s, can "flip" discs automatically by rotating the optical pickup to the other side of the disc, but this is accompanied by a pause in the movie during the side change. If the movie is longer than what could be stored on two sides of a single disc, manually swapping to a second disc is necessary at some point during the film. One exception to this rule is the Pioneer LD-W1, which features two disc platters. In addition, perfect still frames and random access to individual still frames is limited only to the more expensive CAV discs, which only had a playing time of approximately 30 minutes per side. In later years, Pioneer and other manufacturers overcame this limitation by incorporating a digital memory buffer, which "grabbed" a single frame from a CLV disc.
Question: What was required of a LaserDisc to continue playback after 60 minutes?
Answer: a disc has to be flipped over in order to continue watching
Question: Which LaserDisc player solves the disc switching dilemma?
Answer: Pioneer LD-W1
Question: What must be reduced in order to allow LaserDisc playback time to increase?
Answer: line count
Question: Which format allows for more playback tie per side, CLV or CAV?
Answer: CLV |
Context: Kerry "has emerged in the past few years as an important envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan during times of crisis," a Washington Post report stated in May 2011, as Kerry undertook another trip to the two countries. The killing of Osama bin Laden "has generated perhaps the most important crossroads yet," the report continued, as the senator spoke at a press conference and prepared to fly from Kabul to Pakistan. Among matters discussed during the May visit to Pakistan, under the general rubric of "recalibrating" the bilateral relationship, Kerry sought and retrieved from the Pakistanis the tail-section of the U.S. helicopter which had had to be abandoned at Abbottabad during the bin Laden strike. In 2013, Kerry met with Pakistan's army chief Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani to discuss the peace process with the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Question: Who did the Washington Post say Kerry was an envoy for?
Answer: Afghanistan and Pakistan
Question: When did the Washington Post say Kerry was important envoy?
Answer: May 2011
Question: How, in May 2011, did the WaPo describe Bin Laden's killing?
Answer: perhaps the most important crossroads yet
Question: What did Kerry get from the Pakistanis?
Answer: the tail-section of the U.S. helicopter which had had to be abandoned at Abbottabad during the bin Laden strike
Question: Who was Pakistan's army chief in 2013?
Answer: Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani |
Context: At the level of the individual, there is a large literature, generally related to the work of Jacob Mincer, on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impact of schooling. Some students who have indicated a high potential for learning, by testing with a high intelligence quotient, may not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties.[citation needed]
Question: Literature on how earnings and how it relates to schooling was greatly influenced by who?
Answer: Jacob Mincer
Question: This view of how schooling and earnings has sparked a lot of studies, but what else has it brought up?
Answer: is also controversial
Question: What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings?
Answer: not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties
Question: Who did not influence earnings related to school?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What view is not controversial?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why do some kids achieve their full academic potential easily?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Students who face financial difficulties might also do what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The insect outer skeleton, the cuticle, is made up of two layers: the epicuticle, which is a thin and waxy water resistant outer layer and contains no chitin, and a lower layer called the procuticle. The procuticle is chitinous and much thicker than the epicuticle and has two layers: an outer layer known as the exocuticle and an inner layer known as the endocuticle. The tough and flexible endocuticle is built from numerous layers of fibrous chitin and proteins, criss-crossing each other in a sandwich pattern, while the exocuticle is rigid and hardened.:22–24 The exocuticle is greatly reduced in many soft-bodied insects (e.g., caterpillars), especially during their larval stages.
Question: Insect's outer skeleton is known as what?
Answer: the cuticle
Question: The cuticle has how many layers?
Answer: two
Question: Which cuticle later is like wax?
Answer: the epicuticle
Question: The epicuticle does not consist of what?
Answer: chitin
Question: Is the procuticle thinner or thicker than the epicuticle?
Answer: thicker |
Context: Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories in Jamaica, Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.
Question: What feature do Elizabeth's titles usually follow in each country?
Answer: similar formula
Question: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?
Answer: Crown dependencies
Question: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?
Answer: Duke of Normandy
Question: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?
Answer: Lord of Mann
Question: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?
Answer: Ma'am
Question: What is one of Elizabeth's realms and territories besides Jamaica and Australia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Besides the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which territory is a Crown Dependency?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When is Elizabeth referred to as the Defender of the Faith?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When does a person call Elizabeth the Duke of Lancaster?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Nanjing's airport, Lukou International Airport, serves both national and international flights. In 2013, Nanjing airport handled 15,011,792 passengers and 255,788.6 tonnes of freight. The airport currently has 85 routes to national and international destinations, which include Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, USA and Germany. The airport is connected by a 29-kilometre (18 mi) highway directly to the city center, and is also linked to various intercity highways, making it accessible to the passengers from the surrounding cities. A railway Ninggao Intercity Line is being built to link the airport with Nanjing South Railway Station. Lukou Airport was opened on 28 June 1997, replacing Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport as the main airport serving Nanjing. Dajiaochang Airport is still used as a military air base.
Question: What is Nanjing's airport called?
Answer: Lukou International Airport
Question: How many routes does Nanjing's airport run?
Answer: 85 routes
Question: How many passengers did the airport service in 2013?
Answer: 15,011,792 passengers
Question: When did the airport open for business?
Answer: 28 June 1997
Question: What airport was the primary airport before Lukou?
Answer: Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport |
Context: Israel's diverse culture stems from the diversity of its population: Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought their cultural and religious traditions back with them, creating a melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs. Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the Hebrew calendar. Work and school holidays are determined by the Jewish holidays, and the official day of rest is Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. Israel's substantial Arab minority has also left its imprint on Israeli culture in such spheres as architecture, music, and cuisine.
Question: Where does Israel's diverse culture stem from?
Answer: diversity of its population
Question: Life revolves around what in Israel?
Answer: Hebrew calendar
Question: Work and school holidays are determined by what?
Answer: Jewish holidays |
Context: Department stores today have sections that sell the following: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods, do it yourself, paint, and hardware and additionally select other lines of products such as food, books, jewelry, electronics, stationery, photographic equipment, baby products, and products for pets. Customers check out near the front of the store or, alternatively, at sales counters within each department. Some are part of a retail chain of many stores, while others may be independent retailers. In the 1970s, they came under heavy pressure from discounters. Since 2010, they have come under even heavier pressure from online stores such as Amazon.
Question: What sorts of departments might one see in a major department store?
Answer: clothing, furniture, home appliances, toys, cosmetics, gardening, toiletries, sporting goods
Question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1970's?
Answer: discounters
Question: What has begun pressuring department stores in more recent years?
Answer: online stores such as Amazon.
Question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where may customers check out?
Answer: at sales counters within each department.
Question: What sorts of departments might one see in a minor department store?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who started influencing department stores in the 1990's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who stopped influencing department stores in the 1970's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has stopped pressuring department stores in more recent years?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Other than at the check-out lanes at the front of a store, where can't customers check out?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.
Question: What type of religions concerns are there?
Answer: minority religious groups undermine national unity
Question: What concerns for the religions institutions are there?
Answer: a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere
Question: What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan?
Answer: Hizb ut-Tahrir
Question: What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?
Answer: aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state
Question: There is concern among whom that majority religious groups undermine national unity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: There is concern for whom becoming active in the governmental sphere?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The party that seeks to unify Tajikistan under one Christian state is whom?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Friday prayers are available in many large what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi, which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively. The cell wall of bacteria is also distinct from that of Archaea, which do not contain peptidoglycan. The cell wall is essential to the survival of many bacteria, and the antibiotic penicillin is able to kill bacteria by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.
Question: What composes the cell envelope?
Answer: cell membrane and cell wall
Question: What is most common cell wall material?
Answer: peptidoglycan
Question: Are cell walls of bacteria similar to cell walls of plants and fungi?
Answer: Bacterial cell walls are different
Question: What are the main materials of cell walls of plants and fungi?
Answer: cellulose and chitin
Question: How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria?
Answer: by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan |
Context: Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic civilisation flourished along the length of the Indus River. This civilisation shaped subsequent cultures in South Asia and Afghanistan. Although the archaeological site at Harappa was partially damaged in 1857 when engineers constructing the Lahore-Multan railroad used brick from the Harappa ruins for track ballast, an abundance of artefacts have nevertheless been found. Punjab was part of the great ancient empires including the Gandhara Mahajanapadas, Achaemenids, Macedonians, Mauryas, Kushans, Guptas, and Hindu Shahi. It also comprised the Gujar empire for a period of time, otherwise known as the Gurjara-Pratihara empire. Agriculture flourished and trading cities (such as Multan and Lahore) grew in wealth.
Question: What was Punjab formerly known as?
Answer: Panchanada
Question: What ancient civilization lived in Punjab?
Answer: the Indus Valley Civilization
Question: When was Punjab part of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer: more than 4000 years ago
Question: What was the major Indus city in Punjab?
Answer: Harrapa
Question: What were bricks taken from Harrapa for the construction of?
Answer: the Lahore-Multan railroad
Question: What was Panchanada once called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Panchanada renamed Punjab?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the archaeological site at Harappa discovered?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Punjab comprise the Gujar empire?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the major export of the Kushans?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In Mexico, Carnival is celebrated in about 225 cities and towns. The largest is in Mazatlán and the city of Veracruz with others in Baja California and Yucatán. The larger city Carnivals employ costumes, elected queens and parades with floats, but Carnival celebrations in smaller and rural areas vary widely depending on the level of European influence during Mexico's colonial period. The largest of these is in Huejotzingo, Puebla where most townspeople take part in mock combat with rifles shooting blanks, roughly based on the Battle of Puebla. Other important states with local traditions include Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas.
Question: About how many cities and towns in Mexico is Carnival celebrated in?
Answer: 225
Question: What contributes to the variations of the celebrations in the rural areas?
Answer: level of European influence
Question: Where do people take part in mock combat with blank shooting rifles?
Answer: Huejotzingo, Puebla
Question: What is the mock combat roughly based on?
Answer: the Battle of Puebla
Question: Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas are important states which also have their own what?
Answer: local traditions |
Context: Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.
Question: Who was critical of John's performance as king?
Answer: Contemporary chroniclers
Question: What historian summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities?
Answer: Jim Bradbury
Question: John remains a recurring character within what culture?
Answer: Western |
Context: The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greeks called themselves Romioi and considered themselves the political heirs of Rome, but at least by the 12th century a growing number of those educated, deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well, although for most of the Greek speakers, "Hellene" still meant pagan. On the eve of the Fall of Constantinople the Last Emperor urged his soldiers to remember that they were the descendants of Greeks and Romans.
Question: What do Westerners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage ?
Answer: Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek.
Question: What do the Grecian Romioi descendants of the Constantine rule believe to be true in regards to the status as beneficiaries ?
Answer: considered themselves the political heirs of Rome
Question: What other cultures do the Romioi clam to be their birthright ?
Answer: deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well
Question: What is an alternative word used by Greeks to mean those who worship and alternative religion to the mainstreams ?
Answer: Hellene" still meant pagan
Question: What do Easterners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do the Grecian Romioi descendants of the Constantine rule believe to be false in regards to the status as beneficiaries
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other cultures do the Romioi clam to not be their birthright
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an alternative word used by Greeks to mean those who don't worship and alternative religion to the mainstreams
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The UK national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:
Question: What curriculum does the island adapt?
Answer: The UK national curriculum
Question: What are the qualifications offered?
Answer: GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications |
Context: The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global standards. Ben Nevis rises to an elevation of only 1,344 metres (4,409 ft), and Lough Neagh, which is notably larger than other lakes on the isles, covers 390 square kilometres (151 sq mi). The climate is temperate marine, with mild winters and warm summers. The North Atlantic Drift brings significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the latitude. This led to a landscape which was long dominated by temperate rainforest, although human activity has since cleared the vast majority of forest cover. The region was re-inhabited after the last glacial period of Quaternary glaciation, by 12,000 BC when Great Britain was still a peninsula of the European continent. Ireland, which became an island by 12,000 BC, was not inhabited until after 8000 BC. Great Britain became an island by 5600 BC.
Question: What is the age of the oldest rocks in the north western part of Scotland?
Answer: 2,700 million years old
Question: What is the elevation of Ben Nevis?
Answer: 1,344 metres (4,409 ft
Question: What type of climate does this area have?
Answer: temperate marine
Question: Around 12,000 BC, Great Britain was still a peninsula on what continent?
Answer: European continent.
Question: When is it believed that Ireland became inhabited?
Answer: after 8000 BC
Question: what is the age of the oldest rocks in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How far below sea level is Ben Nevis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the largest lake in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What continent is Great Britian a peninsula of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Island was inhabited in 12,000 B.C.
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The oldest rocks are 1,500 years old and located where?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Located in the North Atlantic, how old are the oldest rocks?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: By 4600 BC, Great Britain was established as what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Lough Neagh reaches an elevation of 390 metres and Ben Nevis covers how many square miles?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Ireland became an old reock in 12,000 BC but wasn't inhabited until when?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop. The University acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory. Several University administrative departments are located at the North Campus location, including offices for Quadrangle Housing, Accounting and Treasury Services, Parking and Transportation Services, Army ROTC, and Network Technology Services. The North Campus location also provides off-site storage space for the Performing Arts Department. Renovations are still ongoing; recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appétit Management Company, the University's on-campus food provider, completed during spring semester 2007, as well as the Family Learning Center, operated by Bright Horizons and opened in September 2010.
Question: Where is Washington University's north campus located?
Answer: St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop
Question: When was the building and property for the north campus of Washington University acquired?
Answer: 2004
Question: What previously occupied the building used at the north campus of Washington University?
Answer: Angelica Uniform Factory
Question: For what department does the north campus location of Washington University provide off-site storage?
Answer: Performing Arts Department
Question: Who is Washington University's food provider on campus?
Answer: Bon Appétit Management Company
Question: On what campuses are the student focused administrative functions located?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the West Campus lie near?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the school acquire the West Campus building?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Bob Appetit Management Company become the on-campus food provider?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is something based in the West Campus?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: All Latin characters required by Pe̍h-ōe-jī can be represented using Unicode (or the corresponding ISO/IEC 10646: Universal Character Set), using precomposed or combining (diacritics) characters. Prior to June 2004, the vowel akin to but more open than o, written with a dot above right, was not encoded. The usual workaround was to use the (stand-alone; spacing) character Interpunct (U+00B7, ·) or less commonly the combining character dot above (U+0307). As these are far from ideal, since 1997 proposals have been submitted to the ISO/IEC working group in charge of ISO/IEC 10646—namely, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2—to encode a new combining character dot above right. This is now officially assigned to U+0358 (see documents N1593, N2507, N2628, N2699, and N2713). Font support is expected to follow.
Question: What is another name for unicode?
Answer: the corresponding ISO/IEC 10646: Universal Character Set
Question: Using precomposed or combining characters is called what?
Answer: diacritics
Question: All LAtin characters required by POJ can be represented by what?
Answer: Unicode
Question: What is another term for interpunct?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was not encoded before 1997?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Before June 2004, what proposal has been made to the ISO/IEC?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can all vowels required by POJ be represented by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is expected to follow using diacritics?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Bush administration then turned its attention to Iraq, and argued the need to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq had become urgent. Among the stated reasons were that Saddam's regime had tried to acquire nuclear material and had not properly accounted for biological and chemical material it was known to have previously possessed, and believed to still maintain. Both the possession of these weapons of mass destruction (WMD), and the failure to account for them, would violate the U.N. sanctions. The assertion about WMD was hotly advanced by the Bush administration from the beginning, but other major powers including China, France, Germany, and Russia remained unconvinced that Iraq was a threat and refused to allow passage of a UN Security Council resolution to authorize the use of force. Iraq permitted UN weapon inspectors in November 2002, who were continuing their work to assess the WMD claim when the Bush administration decided to proceed with war without UN authorization and told the inspectors to leave the country. The United States invaded Iraq on March 20, 2003, along with a "coalition of the willing" that consisted of additional troops from the United Kingdom, and to a lesser extent, from Australia and Poland. Within about three weeks, the invasion caused the collapse of both the Iraqi government and its armed forces, however, the U.S. and allied forces failed to find any weapon of mass destruction in Iraq. Traces of former materials and weapons labs were reported to have been located, but no "smoking guns". Nevertheless, on May 1, George W. Bush landed on the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, in a Lockheed S-3 Viking, where he gave a speech announcing the end of "major combat operations" in the Iraq War. Bush's approval rating in May was at 66%, according to a CNN–USA Today–Gallup poll. However, Bush's high approval ratings did not last. First, while the war itself was popular in the U.S., the reconstruction and attempted "democratization" of Iraq lost some support as months passed and casualty figures increased, with no decrease in violence nor progress toward stability or reconstruction. Second, as investigators combed through the country, they failed to find the predicted WMD stockpiles, which led to debate over the rationale for the war.
Question: Who did Bush feel was important to remove from power, after removing the Taliban from Kabul?
Answer: Saddam Hussein
Question: What does WMD stand for?
Answer: weapons of mass destruction
Question: When did Iraq agree to allow UN inspectors into the country to check for weapons of mass destruction?
Answer: November 2002
Question: Did Bush have the support of the UN, when he decided to infiltrate Iraq on March 20, 2003?
Answer: without UN authorization
Question: After the Iraqi government and it's forces were defeated, were investigators able to locate the WMD?
Answer: they failed to find the predicted WMD stockpiles
Question: What did Saddam Hussein believe the Bush administration had acquired?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What had Russia not properly accounted for in 2002?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What narrative was pushed by Russia from the beginning about China posessing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the US refuse to allow to pass for the use of force on China?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did France invade Germany to look for WMD?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was the most commonly used transistor in the 1960s and 70s. Even after MOSFETs became widely available, the BJT remained the transistor of choice for many analog circuits such as amplifiers because of their greater linearity and ease of manufacture. In integrated circuits, the desirable properties of MOSFETs allowed them to capture nearly all market share for digital circuits. Discrete MOSFETs can be applied in transistor applications, including analog circuits, voltage regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters and motor drivers.
Question: What was the most frequently used transistor in the 1960s and 70s?
Answer: bipolar junction transistor
Question: Why were BJTs so popular?
Answer: their greater linearity and ease of manufacture
Question: What are some applications of discrete MOSFETs?
Answer: transistor applications, including analog circuits, voltage regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters and motor drivers
Question: What were the most popular digital circuits of the time?
Answer: MOSFETs
Question: When did MOSFETs become widely available?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the desirable properties of MOSFETs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the most common application of MOSFETs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which type of circuit is older?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of circuit is used more in the present?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Albanian bitumen extraction has a long history and was practiced in an organized way by the Romans. After centuries of silence, the first mentions of Albanian bitumen appeared only in 1868, when the Frenchman Coquand published the first geological description of the deposits of Albanian bitumen. In 1875, the exploitation rights were granted to the Ottoman government and in 1912, they were transferred to the Italian company Simsa. Since 1945, the mine was exploited by the Albanian government and from 2001 to date, the management passed to a French company, which organized the mining process for the manufacture of the natural bitumen on an industrial scale.
Question: What ancient group used bitumen extraction?
Answer: Romans
Question: When were the first published reports of bitumen extraction in Albania?
Answer: 1868
Question: What government had exploitation rights for bitumen extraction?
Answer: Ottoman
Question: When were the Ottoman rights given to the Simsa company?
Answer: 1912
Question: When was management of Albanian bitumen acquired by the French?
Answer: 2001
Question: The last known mentions of Albanian bitumen appeared in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Albanian Coquand published the first description of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were the exploitation rights given to the Roman Empire?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Simsa receive the industrial scale?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was transferred to Simsa in 1917?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In parallel, however, the 19th century saw a Catalan literary revival (Renaixença), which has continued up to the present day. This period starts with Aribau's Ode to the Homeland (1833); followed in the second half of the 19th century, and the early 20th by the work of Verdaguer (poetry), Oller (realist novel), and Guimerà (drama).
Question: What did the 19th century produce in Catalan literature?
Answer: revival
Question: What is Renaixenca?
Answer: Catalan literary revival
Question: When did Aribau write Ode to the Homeland?
Answer: 1833
Question: When did this revival period begin?
Answer: 1833
Question: In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte?
Answer: early 20th |
Context: Sahih al-Bukhari narrates Muhammad describing the revelations as, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell" and Aisha reported, "I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." Muhammad's first revelation, according to the Quran, was accompanied with a vision. The agent of revelation is mentioned as the "one mighty in power", the one who "grew clear to view when he was on the uppermost horizon. Then he drew nigh and came down till he was (distant) two bows' length or even nearer." The Islamic studies scholar Welch states in the Encyclopaedia of Islam that he believes the graphic descriptions of Muhammad's condition at these moments may be regarded as genuine, because he was severely disturbed after these revelations. According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of Muhammad's inspirations. However, Muhammad's critics accused him of being a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician since his experiences were similar to those claimed by such figures well known in ancient Arabia. Welch additionally states that it remains uncertain whether these experiences occurred before or after Muhammad's initial claim of prophethood.
Question: What physical symptom accompanied Muhammad's revelations?
Answer: seizures
Question: What measure of distance described the nearness of the Angel's approach to Mohammad?
Answer: two bows' length
Question: In which work did Welch express his belief that Mohammad's physical reaction to the revelation was historically accurate?
Answer: Encyclopaedia of Islam
Question: Which people would Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time?
Answer: a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician
Question: What mental symptom accompanied Muhammad's revelations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What measure of time described the nearness of the Angel's approach to Mohammad?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which work did Welch express his belief that Mohammad's physical reaction to the revelation was historically inaccurate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which people wouldn't Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which people would Mohammad's critics haven't compared him to at the time?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: This situation prevailed until 1639, when most of Alsace was conquered by France so as to keep it out of the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who wanted a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands. Beset by enemies and seeking to gain a free hand in Hungary, the Habsburgs sold their Sundgau territory (mostly in Upper Alsace) to France in 1646, which had occupied it, for the sum of 1.2 million Thalers. When hostilities were concluded in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia, most of Alsace was recognized as part of France, although some towns remained independent. The treaty stipulations regarding Alsace were complex; although the French king gained sovereignty, existing rights and customs of the inhabitants were largely preserved. France continued to maintain its customs border along the Vosges mountains where it had been, leaving Alsace more economically oriented to neighbouring German-speaking lands. The German language remained in use in local administration, in schools, and at the (Lutheran) University of Strasbourg, which continued to draw students from other German-speaking lands. The 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau, by which the French king ordered the suppression of French Protestantism, was not applied in Alsace. France did endeavour to promote Catholicism; Strasbourg Cathedral, for example, which had been Lutheran from 1524 to 1681, was returned to the Catholic Church. However, compared to the rest of France, Alsace enjoyed a climate of religious tolerance.
Question: When did the Habsburgs sell the Sundgau territory to France?
Answer: 1646
Question: How much did France pay for Sundgau?
Answer: 1.2 million Thalers
Question: In 1685 Edict Fontainebleau by way of the French King ordered what to be done?
Answer: the suppression of French Protestantism
Question: When did the Spanish conquer Alsace?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did the Habsburgs buy Sundgau for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the University of Strasbourg founded?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of the treaty between the French and the Germans?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Strasbourg Cathedral built?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400,000 people to 800,000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.
Question: What major event did The Times reluctantly support in the nineteenth century despite being initially opposed?
Answer: Irish Potato Famine
Question: The Times greatly supported what bill in 1832 which reduced corruption and increased the electorate?
Answer: Great Reform Bill of 1832
Question: Many demonstrations in the nineteenth century convinced The Times editorial board to finally support the repeal of what laws?
Answer: Corn Laws
Question: During the American Civil War, what classes of people did The Times support?
Answer: wealthy classes
Question: The Times favoured which political side of the American Civil War?
Answer: the secessionists |
Context: Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi, and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations, which are considered terrorist targets. Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vulnerable' to protesters were presented to the Indian ambassador to Beijing, Nirupama Sen. The Indian media responded angrily to the news that the ambassador, a distinguished lady diplomat, was summoned to the Foreign Ministry at 2 am local time; the news was later denied by anonymous sources in Delhi. The Indian media reported that India's Commerce Minister, Kamal Nath, cancelled an official trip to Beijing in protest, though both Nath and Chinese sources have denied it.
Question: The security given to the torch relay in New Delhi is reminiscent of the security of what?
Answer: Republic Day celebrations
Question: The Chinese presented a list of vulnerable relay locations to who?
Answer: Nirupama Sen.
Question: Who supposedly cancelled a trip to Beijing in protest?
Answer: India's Commerce Minister
Question: Who was said to have canceled an official trip to China in protest?
Answer: Kamal Nath
Question: At what time in the middle of the night was the diplomat summoned?
Answer: 2 am
Question: The Olympic relay had the same security precautions taken as what other special day?
Answer: Republic Day
Question: What kind of targets do Republic Day events present as?
Answer: terrorist targets. |
Context: After the costly U.S. involvement in World War I, isolationism grew within the nation. Congress refused membership in the League of Nations, and in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia, the gradually more restrictive Neutrality Acts were passed, which were intended to prevent the U.S. from supporting either side in a war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to support Britain, however, and in 1940 signed the Lend-Lease Act, which permitted an expansion of the "cash and carry" arms trade to develop with Britain, which controlled the Atlantic sea lanes.
Question: What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War I?
Answer: isolationism
Question: Congress refused to allow the US to join what organization?
Answer: the League of Nations
Question: What legislation was passed to discourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?
Answer: Neutrality Acts
Question: Which US President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Question: What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Britain?
Answer: the Lend-Lease Act
Question: What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War II?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Congress refused to allow the UK to join what organization?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What legislation was passed to encourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which UK President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Ireland?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are typically also mortalist, the issue of praying to Mary, whom they would consider "asleep", awaiting resurrection, does not arise. Emanuel Swedenborg says God as he is in himself could not directly approach evil spirits to redeem those spirits without destroying them (Exodus 33:20, John 1:18), so God impregnated Mary, who gave Jesus Christ access to the evil heredity of the human race, which he could approach, redeem and save.
Question: According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus?
Answer: biological mother
Question: Which Nontrinitarian theologian says that God cannot approach eveil spirits to redeem them?
Answer: Emanuel Swedenborg
Question: Unittarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses are examples of what kind of church?
Answer: Nontrinitarians
Question: "Mother of God" is an example of what kind of title?
Answer: Marian
Question: Why type of churches did Emanuel Swedenborg visit?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Mary recognize herself as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Nontrinitarian churches once acknowledged Mary as "Mother of God"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whom did Mary give access to the evil heredity of the human race?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn.
Question: When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?
Answer: 2014
Question: According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?
Answer: Ethio-Somali
Question: According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?
Answer: Somalis
Question: According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?
Answer: at least 23,000 years ago
Question: According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?
Answer: the Near East |
Context: Nasser appointed himself the additional roles of prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces on 19 June 1967. Angry at the military court's perceived leniency with air force officers charged with negligence during the 1967 war, workers and students launched protests calling for major political reforms in late February 1968. Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU). By 3 March, Nasser directed Egypt's intelligence apparatus to focus on external rather than domestic espionage, and declared the "fall of the mukhabarat state".
Question: What new positions did Nasser give himself ?
Answer: prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces
Question: When did students protest for political reforms?
Answer: 1968
Question: What type of people were ousted from Nasser's cabinet?
Answer: Arab Socialist Union
Question: What type of spying did Nasser want to concentrate on?
Answer: external |
Context: According to the preamble in The Law of Treaties, treaties are a source of international law. If an act or lack thereof is condemned under international law, the act will not assume international legality even if approved by internal law. This means that in case of a conflict with domestic law, international law will always prevail.
Question: The preamble of what states that treaties are a source of international law?
Answer: The Law of Treaties
Question: Which will prevail in a conflict between international and domestic law?
Answer: international law
Question: What are started to be a source of international law in the preamble in The Law of Treaties?
Answer: treaties
Question: Approval under what law will not make an act or lack thereof legal if condemned under international law?
Answer: internal law
Question: An act or lack thereof cannot be made legal under what law even if made legal under internal law?
Answer: international law |
Context: Plato's theory of forms or "ideas" describes ideal forms (for example the platonic solids in geometry or abstracts like Goodness and Justice), as universals existing independently of any particular instance. Arne Grøn calls this doctrine "the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism", while Simone Klein calls Plato "the earliest representative of metaphysical objective idealism". Nevertheless, Plato holds that matter is real, though transitory and imperfect, and is perceived by our body and its senses and given existence by the eternal ideas that are perceived directly by our rational soul. Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense, although quantum physics' assertion that man's consciousness is an immutable and primary requisite for not merely perceiving but shaping matter, and thus his reality, would give more credence to Plato's dualist position.[citation needed]
Question: What was another term for forms in Plato's theory of forms?
Answer: ideas
Question: Who regarded Plato as the oldest exponent of metaphysical objective idealism?
Answer: Simone Klein
Question: What sort of dualist is Plato regarded as?
Answer: metaphysical and epistemological
Question: What branch of physics might support a worldview similar to Platonic dualism?
Answer: quantum
Question: What does Plato say are dependent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How does Arne Gron's theory of forms say ideal forms exist?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Modern idealism believes in what two kinds of dualism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of physics did Simone Klein study?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Quantum physics disagrees with what philosopher?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Many traditional festivals and customs were observed in the old times, which included climbing the City Wall on January 16, bathing in Qing Xi on March 3, hill hiking on September 9 and others (the dates are in Chinese lunar calendar). Almost none of them, however, are still celebrated by modern Nanjingese.
Question: When was the festival of climbing on the city wall celebrated?
Answer: January 16
Question: On March 3, what festival was celebrated in ancient times?
Answer: bathing in Qing Xi
Question: What did citizens used to do on September 9?
Answer: hill hiking
Question: Where can one find the dates of more old festivals?
Answer: Chinese lunar calendar
Question: How many of these old festivals are still celebrated by residents of Nanjing?
Answer: Almost none of them |
Context: As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention to the importance of "ancestry" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this "race science", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status:
Question: Thomas and others sought to distinguish between what chromosome of Jewish priests and that of non-Jews?
Answer: Y
Question: What does the new "race science" call attention to the importance of?
Answer: ancestry
Question: What do people desire to use science to confirm?
Answer: their claims about ancestry
Question: What is fundamentally different from older notions of race?
Answer: race science
Question: How were older notions of race used?
Answer: to explain differences in human behaviour or social status |
Context: Following similar conflicts over modernism, the Southern Baptist Convention adhered to conservative theology as its official position. Two new Baptist groups were formed by moderate Southern Baptists who disagreed with the direction in which the Southern Baptist Convention was heading: the Alliance of Baptists in 1987 and the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship in 1991. Members of both groups originally identified as Southern Baptist, but over time the groups "became permanent new families of Baptists."
Question: The Southern Baptist Convention adhered to what as its official position?
Answer: conservative theology
Question: What groups were formed by moderate Southern Baptists?
Answer: the Alliance of Baptists in 1987 and the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship in 1991
Question: When was the Alliance of Baptists formed?
Answer: 1987
Question: When was the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship formed?
Answer: 1991
Question: Conservative theology was the official position of what?
Answer: Southern Baptist Convention
Question: The Southern Baptist Convention never adhered to what as its official position?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Alliance of Baptists end?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship destroyed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Conservative theology was never the official position of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Baptist group embraced modernism?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Psychoactive drugs can impair the judgment of time. Stimulants can lead both humans and rats to overestimate time intervals, while depressants can have the opposite effect. The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine may be the reason for this. Such chemicals will either excite or inhibit the firing of neurons in the brain, with a greater firing rate allowing the brain to register the occurrence of more events within a given interval (speed up time) and a decreased firing rate reducing the brain's capacity to distinguish events occurring within a given interval (slow down time).
Question: What type of drugs can impair the judgement of time?
Answer: Psychoactive drugs
Question: Stimulants lead humans to overestimate what?
Answer: time intervals
Question: What causes humans to underestimate time intervals?
Answer: depressants
Question: The level of what is the reason stimulants and depressants change human perceptions of time?
Answer: The level of activity in the brain of neurotransmitters
Question: Such chemicals do what to the firing of the brain's neurons?
Answer: either excite or inhibit the firing of neurons
Question: What do rats not understand?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does a decreased firing rate allow more of in the brain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the presence of neurons impair the judgement of in rats?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can neurons lead humans and rats to overestimate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What causes rats to underestimate dopamine levels?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of drugs can impair the judgement of events?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Stimulants lead humans to underestimate what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What causes humans to estimate time intervals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The level of what is the reason stimulants and depressants change human perceptions of neurons?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Such events do what to the firing of the brain's neurons?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studied in psychiatry, the branch of medicine that works to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial intelligence and similar fields) and philosophy.
Question: What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system?
Answer: neuroscience
Question: What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?
Answer: Psychology
Question: What field of science strives to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system?
Answer: neurology
Question: Psychiatry is the branch of science that does what?
Answer: study, prevent, and treat mental disorders
Question: Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields?
Answer: neuroscience and psychology |
Context: General Electric switched to use the ASA scale in 1946. Meters manufactured since February 1946 were equipped with the ASA scale (labeled "Exposure Index") already. For some of the older meters with scales in "Film Speed" or "Film Value" (e.g. models DW-48, DW-49 as well as early DW-58 and GW-68 variants), replaceable hoods with ASA scales were available from the manufacturer. The company continued to publish recommended film values after that date, however, they were now aligned to the ASA scale.
Question: Which company adopted the ASA scale in 1946?
Answer: General Electric
Question: Beginning what year were cameras built with the ASA meter?
Answer: 1946
Question: How did older models convert to ASA scale?
Answer: replaceable hoods with ASA scales
Question: How was the ASA scale shown on models built after 1946?
Answer: labeled "Exposure Index"
Question: What were recommended film values lined up with after 1946?
Answer: they were now aligned to the ASA scale
Question: What company stopped using ASA in 1946?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were the DW-48 and DW-49 models made?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were models pre-1946 labeled with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who refused to create replaceable hoods with ASA scales?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the recommended film values no longer follow after 1946?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The panel is eventually broken apart into individual PCBs; this is called depaneling. Separating the individual PCBs is frequently aided by drilling or routing perforations along the boundaries of the individual circuits, much like a sheet of postage stamps. Another method, which takes less space, is to cut V-shaped grooves across the full dimension of the panel. The individual PCBs can then be broken apart along this line of weakness. Today depaneling is often done by lasers which cut the board with no contact. Laser panelization reduces stress on the fragile circuits.
Question: What is the process called whereby the individual PCBs are separated?
Answer: depaneling
Question: What boundaries would you follow to separate PCBs on a panel?
Answer: individual circuits
Question: What technology has made depaneling possible without needing to physically interact with the board?
Answer: lasers
Question: What does the V-shaped groove method save?
Answer: space
Question: What delicate component is less likely to be damaged if laser depanelization is used?
Answer: circuits
Question: The panel is eventually merged into what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The process of deadpanning is what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Individual PCBs can be merged along what line?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the old days, depaneling was often done how?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On November 12, the league announced the defending champion San Jose SaberCats would be ceasing operations due to "reasons unrelated to League operations". A statement from the league indicated that the AFL is working to secure new, long-term owners for the franchise. This leaves the AFL with eight teams for 2016.
Question: Who were the defending champions of the Arena Football League?
Answer: San Jose SaberCats
Question: When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down?
Answer: November 12
Question: What was the reason given for the closing of the SaberCats?
Answer: reasons unrelated to League operations
Question: How many AFL teams are operating as of 2016?
Answer: eight |
Context: As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.
Question: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?
Answer: ordinary affairs
Question: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to?
Answer: Vatican's State Department
Question: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?
Answer: Private Secretary
Question: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?
Answer: letters
Question: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?
Answer: war years |
Context: Some paleontologists suggest that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly as early as 1 billion years ago. Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of triploblastic worms, like metazoans, roughly as large (about 5 mm wide) and complex as earthworms. During the beginning of the Tonian period around 1 billion years ago, there was a decrease in Stromatolite diversity, which may indicate the appearance of grazing animals, since stromatolite diversity increased when grazing animals went extinct at the End Permian and End Ordovician extinction events, and decreased shortly after the grazer populations recovered. However the discovery that tracks very similar to these early trace fossils are produced today by the giant single-celled protist Gromia sphaerica casts doubt on their interpretation as evidence of early animal evolution.
Question: How long ago do some paleontologists believe that animals first appeared?
Answer: 1 billion years
Question: Fossils found in the Tonian period indicate the presence of what creatures?
Answer: triploblastic worms
Question: Triploblastic worms were comparable in size to what other creatures?
Answer: earthworms
Question: When was the beginning of the Tonian period?
Answer: around 1 billion years ago
Question: What produces tracks similar to the fossilized tracks discovered by paleontologists?
Answer: Gromia sphaerica |
Context: The Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed] The Near East may acquire varying meanings, but the Ancient Near East always has the same meaning: the ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent, a sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia and southward to the limits of Mesopotamia.
Question: What is a term of the 20th centrury intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history?
Answer: The Ancient Near East
Question: The ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent will always refer to what?
Answer: the Ancient Near East
Question: What is the sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia called?
Answer: Fertile Crescent |
Context: In 1972, Walter Fiers and his team at the University of Ghent were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein. The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool. An automated version of the Sanger method was used in early phases of the Human Genome Project.
Question: When was the first sequence of a gene determined?
Answer: In 1972
Question: What was the first gene to be sequenced?
Answer: the gene for Bacteriophage MS2 coat protein
Question: Who developed chain termination DNA sequencing in 1977?
Answer: Frederick Sanger
Question: What did the devlopment of the chain termination DNA sequencing method do for the sequencing process?
Answer: improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool.
Question: What project used an automated version of the Sanger method in its early stages?
Answer: the Human Genome Project |
Context: The Chihuahuan Desert is home to a diverse ecosystem which is home to a large variety of mammals. The most common mammals in the desert include: Desert cottontail Sylvilagus audubonii, black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus, hooded skunk Mephitis macroura, cactus mouse Peromyscus eremicus, swift fox Vulpes velox, white-throated woodrat Neotoma albigula, pallid bat Antrozous pallidus, and coyote Canis latrans. The most observed reptiles in the desert include: Mohave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus, twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei, prairie rattlesnake Crotalus viridis, ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi, whip snake Masticophis flagellum, New Mexico whiptail Cnemidophorus neomexicanus, and red-spotted toad Bufo punctatus.
Question: The Chihuahuan Desert is home to many of which type of animal?
Answer: mammals
Question: Which type of reptile is most common in the desert?
Answer: rattlesnake
Question: Mephitis macroura is which type of mammal?
Answer: skunk |
Context: In the 20th century, as Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan had all been occupied by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the capital of the Republic of China had been temporary relocated to Chongqing, then a major city in Sichuan. An enduring legacy of this move is that nearby inland provinces, such as Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou, which previously never had modern Western-style universities, began to be developed in this regard. The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate hindering the accuracy of Japanese bombing of the Sichuan Basin, made the region the stronghold of Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang government during 1938-45, and led to the Bombing of Chongqing.
Question: To which city was the Chinese capitol relocated to during Japanese occupation in the 20th century?
Answer: Chongqing
Question: What are some major cities occupied by the Chinese during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan
Question: What are some inland provinces that began to develop modern, westernized education systems?
Answer: Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou
Question: What are some reasons for the lack of accurate Japanese bombing during the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate
Question: What regions where occuppied dring the first Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the capital relocated to during the First Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What caused inland provinces to lose Western-style universities?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What made the Sichuan basin suseptable to bombing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who fled the area during 1938-45?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: To which city was the Gansu capitol relocated to during Japanese occupation in the 20th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are some major cities occupied by the Chinese during the foggy climate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are some inland provinces that began to develop major cities?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are some reasons for the lack of accurate Japanese capitals the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Guizhou the stronghold of Chiang Kai-Shek Koumintang's government?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: From 2001 to 2008, Mac sales increased continuously on an annual basis. Apple reported worldwide sales of 3.36 million Macs during the 2009 holiday season. As of Mid-2011, the Macintosh continues to enjoy rapid market share increase in the US, growing from 7.3% of all computer shipments in 2010 to 9.3% in 2011. According to IDC's quarterly PC tracker, globally, in 3rd quarter of 2014, Apple's PC market share increased 5.7 percent year over year, with record sales of 5.5 million units. Apple now sits in the number five spot, with a global market share of about 6% during 2014, behind Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer.
Question: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2009 holiday season?
Answer: 3.36 million
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2010?
Answer: 7.3%
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2011?
Answer: 9.3%
Question: What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2014?
Answer: about 6%
Question: Who outperformed Apple in the 2014 PC global market share?
Answer: Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer
Question: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2008 holiday season?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2000?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2001?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2016?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who outperformed Apple in the 2017 PC global market share?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The late Georgian period saw the birth of the semi-detached house, planned systematically, as a suburban compromise between the terraced houses of the city and the detached "villas" further out, where land was cheaper. There had been occasional examples in town centres going back to medieval times. Most early suburban examples are large, and in what are now the outer fringes of Central London, but were then in areas being built up for the first time. Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood are among the areas contesting being the original home of the semi. Sir John Summerson gave primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood. A plan for this exists dated 1794, where "the whole development consists of pairs of semi-detached houses, So far as I know, this is the first recorded scheme of the kind". In fact the French Wars put an end to this scheme, but when the development was finally built it retained the semi-detached form, "a revolution of striking significance and far-reaching effect".
Question: What cities contest to being the original home of the semi?
Answer: Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood
Question: Who conferred primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood?
Answer: Sir John Summerson
Question: A plan for a semi-detached houses was dated for what year?
Answer: 1794
Question: What put an end to the scheme of semi-detached houses?
Answer: the French Wars
Question: Which city is agreed to be the first to have semi detached houses?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was this semi detached house modeled after?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What plans date back to the early 1700s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ward to disking become popular?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of house was born in the early Georgian period?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.
Question: When did regular broadcasts start in Europe?
Answer: January 1, 2004
Question: What event was first broadcasted on January 1, 2004?
Answer: Vienna New Year's Concert
Question: The New Year's Day broadcast officially launched which channel?
Answer: HD1
Question: When did test transmissions of HDTV begin in Europe?
Answer: September 2003
Question: Which European company launched HD1?
Answer: Euro1080
Question: When did non-regular broadcasts start in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What event was first broadcasted on March 1, 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The New Year's Day broadcast officially did not launch which channel?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did test transmissions of SDTV begin in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which European company launched SD1?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: West was arrested again on November 14, 2008 at the Hilton hotel near Gateshead after another scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub in Newcastle upon Tyne. He was later released "with no further action", according to a police spokesperson.
Question: What was Kanye second arrest for?
Answer: scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub in Newcastle
Question: What was the date of Kanye's second arrest?
Answer: November 14, 2008
Question: Where was Kanye arrested at for the second time?
Answer: Hilton hotel near Gateshead
Question: At what location did the incident leading to West's second arrest take place?
Answer: Tup Tup Palace nightclub |
Context: Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, döner kebab/gyro/shawarma, cacık/tzatziki, ayran, pita bread, feta cheese, baklava, lahmacun, moussaka, yuvarlak, köfte/keftés/kofta, börek/boureki, rakı/rakia/tsipouro/tsikoudia, meze, dolma, sarma, rice pilaf, Turkish coffee, sujuk, kashk, keşkek, manti, lavash, kanafeh, and more.
Question: Turkish cuisine originates from what source?
Answer: a shared Ottoman cuisine
Question: The cuisine of what territories are descended from Ottoman cuisine?
Answer: former Ottoman territories
Question: Turkish and Greek cuisine are descended from Ottoman Cuisine, along with the food of what other regions?
Answer: Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine
Question: Turkish coffee is descended from what?
Answer: Ottoman cuisine
Question: Pita bread descends from what type of cuisine?
Answer: Ottoman cuisine |
Context: Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem (on Manhattan island), and bought additional tracts from the local tribes. He eventually accumulated 500 acres (about 2 square km, or 3/4 of a square mile) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which became known as Bronck's River, or The Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck's Land. The American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Bronck's son or his younger brother.
Question: When was Jonas Bronck born?
Answer: 1600
Question: Where did Bronck emigrate from?
Answer: Småland, Sweden
Question: When did Bronck reach the New York area?
Answer: spring of 1639
Question: What entity did Bronck get his land from?
Answer: the Dutch West India Company
Question: How much land did Bronck eventually own?
Answer: 500 acres |
Context: The most significant fact of early and mid-Qing social history was population growth. The population doubled during the 18th century. People in this period were also remarkably on the move. There is evidence suggesting that the empire's rapidly expanding population was geographically mobile on a scale, which, in term of its volume and its protracted and routinized nature, was unprecedented in Chinese history. Indeed, the Qing government did far more to encourage mobility than to discourage it. Migration took several different forms, though might be divided in two varieties: permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party (in theory at least) as a temporary sojourn. Parties to the latter would include the empire's increasingly large and mobile manual workforce, as well as its densely overlapping internal diaspora of local-origin-based merchant groups. It would also included the patterned movement of Qing subjects overseas, largely to Southeastern Asia, in search of trade and other economic opportunities.
Question: What happened in early and middle Qing history?
Answer: population growth
Question: How much did the population grow during the 18th century?
Answer: doubled
Question: What were the 2 types of migration during the 18th century?
Answer: permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party (in theory at least) as a temporary sojourn |
Context: In the year 2000, according to a study by American Association of University Professors (AAUP), affirmative action promoted diversity within colleges and universities. This has been shown to have positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students as well as the teaching of faculty members. According to a study by Geoffrey Maruyama and José F. Moreno, the results showed that faculty members believed diversity helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education, Caucasian students suffer no detrimental effects from classroom diversity, and that attention to multicultural learning improves the ability of colleges and universities to accomplish their missions. Furthermore, a diverse population of students offers unique perspectives in order to challenge preconceived notions through exposure to the experiences and ideas of others. According to Professor Gurin of the University of Michigan, skills such as "perspective-taking, acceptance of differences, a willingness and capacity to find commonalities among differences, acceptance of conflict as normal, conflict resolution, participation in democracy, and interest in the wider social world" can potentially be developed in college while being exposed to heterogeneous group of students. In addition, broadening perspectives helps students confront personal and substantive stereotypes and fosters discussion about racial and ethnic issues in a classroom setting. Furthermore, the 2000 AAUP study states that having a diversity of views leads to a better discussion and greater understanding among the students on issues of race, tolerance, fairness, etc.
Question: What does AAUP stand for?
Answer: American Association of University Professors
Question: What were the effects of affirmative action on universities according to the study done by the AAUP?
Answer: positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students
Question: What did a study claim about the beliefs of faculty members on increased diversity?
Answer: helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education
Question: Who supposedly suffers no detrimental effects from classroom diversity?
Answer: Caucasian students
Question: In which year did the AAUP release their study?
Answer: 2000
Question: What does ADUP stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the effects of affirmative action on universities according to the study done by the AALP?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did a study claim about the beliefs of faculty members on decreased diversity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who supposedly suffers a lot of detrimental effects from classroom diversity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which year did the ALUP release their study?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Summers are typically warm and humid with a July daily average of 75.6 °F (24.2 °C). During this time, the city gets a sea breeze off the ocean that often makes daytime temperatures much cooler than inland areas, making Atlantic City a prime place for beating the summer heat from June through September. Average highs even just a few miles west of Atlantic City exceed 85 °F (29 °C) in July. Near the coast, temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of only 6.8 days a year, but this reaches 21 days at nearby Atlantic City Int'l.[a] Winters are cool, with January averaging 35.5 °F (2 °C). Spring and autumn are erratic, although they are usually mild with low humidity. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 20 to March 25, allowing a growing season of 239 days. Extreme temperatures range from −9 °F (−23 °C) on February 9, 1934 to 104 °F (40 °C) on August 7, 1918.[b]
Question: What is the daily average temperature in July?
Answer: 75.6 °F
Question: Atlantic City is a prime place to beat the heat from June through what month?
Answer: September
Question: What is the average temperature for January in Atlantic City?
Answer: 35.5 °F
Question: How many days long is the growing season?
Answer: 239 days
Question: What is the extreme low temperature of Atlantic City?
Answer: −9 °F |
Context: In 1933, von Neumann was offered a lifetime professorship on the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study when the institute's plan to appoint Hermann Weyl fell through. He remained a mathematics professor there until his death, although he announced that shortly before his intention to resign and become a professor at large at the University of California. His mother, brothers and in-laws followed John to the United States in 1939. Von Neumann anglicized his first name to John, keeping the German-aristocratic surname of von Neumann. His brothers changed theirs to "Neumann" and "Vonneumann". Von Neumann became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1937, and immediately tried to become a lieutenant in the United States Army's Officers Reserve Corps. He passed the exams easily, but was ultimately rejected because of his age. His prewar analysis is often quoted. Asked about how France would stand up to Germany he said "Oh, France won't matter."
Question: In what year was Von Neumann offered a lifetime professorship?
Answer: 1933
Question: In what year did Von Neumann's mother and siblings join him in U.S?
Answer: 1939
Question: In what year did Von Neumann become a naturalized citizen of US?
Answer: 1937
Question: Why was Neuman rejected from joining US Army?
Answer: age |
Context: After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in the 1920s. Built in the 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.
Question: A temporary secretariat building was built in New Delhi in what year?
Answer: 1912
Question: In what year what New Delhi inaugurated as the capital of India?
Answer: 1931
Question: Housing for employees was built in what area during the 1920s?
Answer: Gole Market area
Question: What was the name of the last residential area built by the British Raj?
Answer: Lodhi colony
Question: During what decade was the Lodhi colony built?
Answer: the 1940s |
Context: In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey. Caesar and Pompey, along with Crassus, established a private agreement, now known as the First Triumvirate. Under the agreement, Pompey's arrangements would be ratified. Caesar would be elected consul in 59 BC, and would then serve as governor of Gaul for five years. Crassus was promised a future consulship.
Question: In which year would Julius Caesar hope to be elected to the position of consul?
Answer: 59 BC
Question: What was the name of the private agreement between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus?
Answer: First Triumvirate
Question: What was Crassus agree to receive in the First Triumvirate agreement?
Answer: a future consulship
Question: When did Julius Caesar return to Rome?
Answer: 61 BC
Question: What provided the Roman senate with exuberance?
Answer: successes against Catiline |
Context: Egypt has hosted several international competitions. the last one was 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup which took place between 24 September - 16 October 2009. On Friday 19 September of the year 2014, Guinness World Records has announced that Egyptian scuba diver Ahmed Gabr is the new title holder for deepest salt water scuba dive, at 332.35 metres. Ahmed set a new world record Friday when he reached a depth of more than 1,000 feet. The 14-hour feat took Gabr 1,066 feet down into the abyss near the Egyptian town of Dahab in ther Red Sea, where he works as a diving instructor.
Question: What was the last international competition Egypt hosted?
Answer: 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup
Question: Who holds Guiness record for Deepest salt water scuba dive?
Answer: Ahmed Gabr
Question: How deep did Gabr dive?
Answer: 1,066 feet down
Question: In what body of water did Gabr dive?
Answer: Red Sea |
Context: Municipalities (Gemeinden): Every rural district and every Amt is subdivided into municipalities, while every urban district is a municipality in its own right. There are (as of 6 March 2009[update]) 12,141 municipalities, which are the smallest administrative units in Germany. Cities and towns are municipalities as well, also having city rights or town rights (Stadtrechte). Nowadays, this is mostly just the right to be called a city or town. However, in former times there were many other privileges, including the right to impose local taxes or to allow industry only within city limits.
Question: Every rural district is subdivided into what?
Answer: municipalities
Question: Every urban district is what in its own right?
Answer: municipality
Question: How many municipalities are there?
Answer: 12,141
Question: What is the smallest administrative unit in Germany?
Answer: a municipality
Question: What are town rights called?
Answer: Stadtrechte
Question: What are only rural districts divided into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are urban districts not allowed to be?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many districts are there in Germany?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What rights do cities and towns give up if they are a municipality?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What special rights does a city have nowadays along with the right to be called a city?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), aspirated consonants are written using the symbols for voiceless consonants followed by the aspiration modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative ⟨h⟩. For instance, ⟨p⟩ represents the voiceless bilabial stop, and ⟨pʰ⟩ represents the aspirated bilabial stop.
Question: What does IPA stand for?
Answer: International Phonetic Alphabet
Question: Written IPA consonants use symbols for what?
Answer: voiceless consonants
Question: What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop?
Answer: p
Question: pʰ represents what?
Answer: aspirated bilabial stop
Question: What is considered an unaspirated consonant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Aspiration modifiers are represented by what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Voiceless consonants are prefaced by what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The voiced glottal fricative is indicated by what letter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The unaspirated bilabial stop is represented by what letter?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Jordanes tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities. Another 6th-century source refers to them living among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes.
Question: Who tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities?
Answer: Jordanes
Question: Who had swamps and forests for their cities?
Answer: the Sclaveni
Question: A 6th-century source refers to the Sclaveni as living where?
Answer: among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes
Question: Who wrote that the Sclaveni lived in impenetrable forests?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Jordanes live?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who could not penetrate the forests and rivers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Sclaveni live in swamps?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In September 2003, a new type of blue LED was demonstrated by Cree that consumes 24 mW at 20 milliamperes (mA). This produced a commercially packaged white light giving 65 lm/W at 20 mA, becoming the brightest white LED commercially available at the time, and more than four times as efficient as standard incandescents. In 2006, they demonstrated a prototype with a record white LED luminous efficacy of 131 lm/W at 20 mA. Nichia Corporation has developed a white LED with luminous efficacy of 150 lm/W at a forward current of 20 mA. Cree's XLamp XM-L LEDs, commercially available in 2011, produce 100 lm/W at their full power of 10 W, and up to 160 lm/W at around 2 W input power. In 2012, Cree announced a white LED giving 254 lm/W, and 303 lm/W in March 2014. Practical general lighting needs high-power LEDs, of one watt or more. Typical operating currents for such devices begin at 350 mA.
Question: In what year was a new type of blue LED produced?
Answer: 2003
Question: Who demonstrated in 2003 the new type of blue LED?
Answer: Cree
Question: How much more efficient as standard incandescents was the white LED commercially available in 2003?
Answer: four times
Question: What is the typical operating current for high-power LEDs?
Answer: 350 mA
Question: In what year was a new type of red LED produced?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who demonstrated in 2003 the new type of red LED?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much more efficient as standard incandescents was the red LED commercially available in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the typical operating current for low-power LEDs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer (hot-swapping), making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various kinds (given SATA or SCSI devices may or may not support hot-swapping).
Question: Since when can most computers boot from USB mass storage devices?
Answer: since mid-2004
Question: What is USB not intended for?
Answer: a primary bus for a computer's internal storage
Question: What is an important advantage of USB?
Answer: it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer
Question: Buses such as Parallel ATA fulfill what role in PC computers?
Answer: a computer's internal storage |
Context: The Northwestern University Law Review is a scholarly legal publication and student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. The Law Review's primary purpose is to publish a journal of broad legal scholarship. The Law Review publishes four issues each year. Student editors make the editorial and organizational decisions and select articles submitted by professors, judges, and practitioners, as well as student pieces. The Law Review recently extended its presence onto the web, and now publishes scholarly pieces weekly on the Colloquy. The Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property is a law review published by an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. Its Bluebook abbreviation is Nw. J. Tech. & Intell. Prop. The current editor-in-chief is Aisha Lavinier.
Question: What is the name of the scholarly legal publication at Northwestern School of Law?
Answer: The Northwestern University Law Review
Question: What type of journal does the Law Review strive to publish?
Answer: a journal of broad legal scholarship
Question: How many issues does the Law Review publish each year?
Answer: four
Question: Who publishes the Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property?
Answer: an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law
Question: Who makes the editorial decisions for The Northwestern University Law Review?
Answer: Student editors
Question: What is the name of the scholarly legal publication at Southwestern School of Law?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of songs do the Law Review strive to publish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many songs does the Law Review publish each year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who publishes the Southwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the last years of the 19th century the term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in eyes of the English-speaking public as did the Ottoman Empire itself. The cause of the onus was the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians because they were Christians, but it seemed to spill over into the protracted conflicts of the Balkans. For a time, "Near East" meant primarily the Balkans. Robert Hichens' book The Near East (1913) is subtitled Dalmatia, Greece and Constantinople.
Question: When did the term "Near East" acquire considerable disrepute?
Answer: the 19th century
Question: The term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in whose eyes?
Answer: English-speaking public
Question: What was the cause of the onus?
Answer: the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians
Question: What was the cause of the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians?
Answer: they were Christians
Question: When was Robert Hickens' book wrote?
Answer: 1913) |
Context: Between 135 BC and 71 BC there were three "Servile Wars" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its former allies in Italy when the allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards. Although they lost militarily, the allies achieved their objectives with legal proclamations which granted citizenship to more than 500,000 Italians.
Question: How many slaves at most were under the command of Spartacus?
Answer: 150,000
Question: When was the beginning of the Social War?
Answer: 91 BC
Question: How many Italians became citizens after the loss of the Social War?
Answer: more than 500,000
Question: How many slave uprisings were there between the years of 135 BC and 71 BC?
Answer: three
Question: Ultimately what started the Social War?
Answer: allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards |
Context: The islands enjoy a mild climate and varied soils, giving rise to a diverse pattern of vegetation. Animal and plant life is similar to that of the northwestern European continent. There are however, fewer numbers of species, with Ireland having even less. All native flora and fauna in Ireland is made up of species that migrated from elsewhere in Europe, and Great Britain in particular. The only window when this could have occurred was between the end of the last Ice Age (about 12,000 years ago) and when the land bridge connecting the two islands was flooded by sea (about 8,000 years ago).
Question: Which continent has similar plant and animal life as the British Isles?
Answer: European continent
Question: In Ireland where does the native animal and plant species mostly come from?
Answer: Europe, and Great Britain
Question: When did the land bridge between Ireland and Britain disappear?
Answer: about 8,000 years ago
Question: When did the last Ice Age end in the British Isles?
Answer: about 12,000 years ago
Question: The islands have no soil and what kind of climate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of life is similar to life in southern Asia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The land bridge connecting two European continents was flooded by see about how many years ago?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The beginning of the last Ice Age occurred when?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Plant and animal life varies greatly from that of life in which continent?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Researchers tested simvastatin, later sold by Merck as Zocor, on 4,444 patients with high cholesterol and heart disease. After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cholesterol, and their chances of dying of a heart attack were reduced by 42%. In 1995, Zocor and Mevacor both made Merck over US$1 billion. Endo was awarded the 2006 Japan Prize, and the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2008. For his "pioneering research into a new class of molecules" for "lowering cholesterol,"[sentence fragment]
Question: Who received the Laser-Debakey Clinical Medical Research Aware?
Answer: Endo
Question: How much money did Merk make in 1995?
Answer: over US$1 billion
Question: How many patients received Zocor?
Answer: 4,444
Question: What study did Merk sponsor in 1994?
Answer: Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study
Question: What did the study reveal after 5 years?
Answer: a 35% reduction in their cholesterol, and their chances of dying of a heart attack were reduced by 42%
Question: What was the brand name of simvastatin?
Answer: Zocor
Question: Patients treated with Zocor had their cholesterol reduced by how much?
Answer: 35%
Question: How much did Zocor reduce the chance of dying from a heart attack?
Answer: 42%
Question: How much money did Merck make from sales of Zocor and Mevacor?
Answer: over US$1 billion
Question: Endo received what award in 2008?
Answer: Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Question: Who received the Zocor Research Reward?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much money did Simvastatin make in 1995?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many patients received Simvastatin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What study did Merk sponsor in 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the study reveal after 2 years?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence that gold and meteoric iron (but not iron smelting) were the only metals used by humans before copper. The history of copper metallurgy is thought to have followed the following sequence: 1) cold working of native copper, 2) annealing, 3) smelting, and 4) the lost wax method. In southeastern Anatolia, all four of these metallurgical techniques appears more or less simultaneously at the beginning of the Neolithic c. 7500 BC. However, just as agriculture was independently invented in several parts of the world, copper smelting was invented locally in several different places. It was probably discovered independently in China before 2800 BC, in Central America perhaps around 600 AD, and in West Africa about the 9th or 10th century AD. Investment casting was invented in 4500–4000 BC in Southeast Asia and carbon dating has established mining at Alderley Edge in Cheshire, UK at 2280 to 1890 BC. Ötzi the Iceman, a male dated from 3300–3200 BC, was found with an axe with a copper head 99.7% pure; high levels of arsenic in his hair suggest his involvement in copper smelting. Experience with copper has assisted the development of other metals; in particular, copper smelting led to the discovery of iron smelting. Production in the Old Copper Complex in Michigan and Wisconsin is dated between 6000 and 3000 BC. Natural bronze, a type of copper made from ores rich in silicon, arsenic, and (rarely) tin, came into general use in the Balkans around 5500 BC.[citation needed]
Question: When was copper first known to have been used?
Answer: 9000 BC
Question: In what area is the first recorded use of copper?
Answer: Middle East
Question: When was copper thought to have been discovered in China?
Answer: 2800 BC
Question: Copper smelting resulted in the development of what other metal smelting?
Answer: iron smelting
Question: When did Natural bronze start to be used by the general public?
Answer: 5500 BC
Question: When was copper last known to have been used?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What area is the only recorded use of copper?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was copper thought to have been discovered in Japan?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did natural bronze stop being used by the general public?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of material can't be produced?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick.
Question: What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper?
Answer: caliper
Question: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?
Answer: thousandths of an inch
Question: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?
Answer: mm
Question: Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness?
Answer: 0.0028 and 0.0071 in
Question: What is the wetness of paper most often measured by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is often given in hundredths of an inch?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is often given in hundredths of an mm?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which part of the world maybe paper be between .07 and .18 mm thick?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the weight of paper measured by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What tool is often used in measuring the width of paper?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper width?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the US is likely to use what unit?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper width?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model. That browser would eventually evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable following while still in the beta stage of development; shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox (all versions) accounted for 7% of browser use. As of August 2011, Firefox has a 28% usage share.
Question: What did Netscape launch in 1998?
Answer: Mozilla Foundation
Question: Netscape wanted to have a competitive browser using what?
Answer: open source software model
Question: What was the resulting browser for the Mozilla Foundation?
Answer: Firefox
Question: When was Firefox released?
Answer: late 2004
Question: What did Firefox launch in 1998?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much usage share did Netscape have in 1998?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: At what point did open source software gain popularity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What software model was released in 1998?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of the open source model did Netscape have shortly after release?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Since the opening policy in 1979, the Chinese department stores also develops swiftly along with the fast-growing economy. There are different department store groups dominating different regions. For example, INTIME department store has the biggest market presence in Zhejiang province, while Jinying department stores dominate Jiangsu Province. Besides, there are many other department store groups, such as Pacific, Parkson, Wangfujing，New World，etc., many of them are expanding quickly by listing in the financial market.
Question: What began the influx of Chinese department stores?
Answer: opening policy in 1979
Question: What area does INTIME department stores have the most influence in?
Answer: Zhejiang province
Question: What department store has the most success in Jiangsu Province?
Answer: Jinying
Question: How are these foreign department stores expanding so quickly?
Answer: by listing in the financial market.
Question: What ended the influx of Chinese department stores?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What began the influx of Japanese department stores?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What area does INTIME department stores have the least influence in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What department store has the least success in Jiangsu Province?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How are these domestic department stores expanding so quickly?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Coordination strategies differ when adjacent time zones shift clocks. The European Union shifts all at once, at 01:00 UTC or 02:00 CET or 03:00 EET; for example, Eastern European Time is always one hour ahead of Central European Time. Most of North America shifts at 02:00 local time, so its zones do not shift at the same time; for example, Mountain Time is temporarily (for one hour) zero hours ahead of Pacific Time, instead of one hour ahead, in the autumn and two hours, instead of one, ahead of Pacific Time in the spring. In the past, Australian districts went even further and did not always agree on start and end dates; for example, in 2008 most DST-observing areas shifted clocks forward on October 5 but Western Australia shifted on October 26. In some cases only part of a country shifts; for example, in the US, Hawaii and most of Arizona do not observe DST.
Question: Which time zone in Europe always has a one-hour lead on Central European Time?
Answer: Eastern European Time
Question: For one hour each spring, how far ahead of Pacific Time is Mountain Time in the United States?
Answer: two hours
Question: In 2008, what month and day did Western Australia change their clocks?
Answer: October 26
Question: At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States?
Answer: one hour
Question: In addition to much of the state of Arizona, what U.S. state does not ever change their clocks for DST?
Answer: Hawaii |
Context: When the alloy cools and solidifies (crystallizes), its mechanical properties will often be quite different from those of its individual constituents. A metal that is normally very soft and malleable, such as aluminium, can be altered by alloying it with another soft metal, like copper. Although both metals are very soft and ductile, the resulting aluminium alloy will be much harder and stronger. Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron produces an alloy called steel. Due to its very-high strength and toughness (which is much higher than pure iron), and its ability to be greatly altered by heat treatment, steel is one of the most common alloys in modern use. By adding chromium to steel, its resistance to corrosion can be enhanced, creating stainless steel, while adding silicon will alter its electrical characteristics, producing silicon steel.
Question: How is steel produced?
Answer: Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron
Question: What kind of metal is soft like copper?
Answer: aluminium
Question: What can be added to steel to enhance is corrosion resistance?
Answer: chromium
Question: What is superior to pure iron?
Answer: steel
Question: What is another word for when alloys solidify?
Answer: crystallizes
Question: What is produced by adding metallic carb and iron?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of metal is hardly copper?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What makes steel more corrosive?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The characteristics of what stay the same as it cools?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is aluminum alloy the most common of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory to have achieved self-governance. The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act under which the island was governed until the passing of the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015. The Australian government maintains authority on the island through an Administrator, currently Gary Hardgrave. From 1979 to 2015, a Legislative Assembly was elected by popular vote for terms of not more than three years, although legislation passed by the Australian Parliament could extend its laws to the territory at will, including the power to override any laws made by the assembly.
Question: What is the only non-mainland Australian territory that is governed by itself?
Answer: Norfolk Island
Question: What is the name of the Act that formerly governed Norfolk Island?
Answer: The Norfolk Island Act 1979
Question: What is the name of the new Act that governs Norfolk Island, passed in 2015?
Answer: the Norfolk Island Legislation Amendment Act 2015
Question: Who is the current administrator of Norfolk Island?
Answer: Gary Hardgrave
Question: During 1979-2015, Legislative Assembly terms lasted no longer than how many years?
Answer: three years
Question: What is one of only two non-mainland Australian territories that is governed by itself?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the Act that will govern Norfolk Island?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the new Act that governs Norfolk Island, passed in 2016?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is the future administrator of Norfolk Island?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Russians avoided Napoleon's objective of a decisive engagement and instead retreated deeper into Russia. A brief attempt at resistance was made at Smolensk in August; the Russians were defeated in a series of battles, and Napoleon resumed his advance. The Russians again avoided battle, although in a few cases this was only achieved because Napoleon uncharacteristically hesitated to attack when the opportunity arose. Owing to the Russian army's scorched earth tactics, the French found it increasingly difficult to forage food for themselves and their horses.
Question: To avoid direct fighting with Napoleon, the Russians retreated into which country?
Answer: Russia
Question: Where did the Russians try to resist Napoleon and get defeated?
Answer: Smolensk
Question: In what month were the Russians defeated at Smolensk?
Answer: August
Question: What methods used by the Russian army made it hard for the French to find food?
Answer: scorched earth tactics |
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