and 1980. In a February 2020 interview with City A.M., the Conservative London Mayoral Candidate, Shaun Bailey, argued that London would be able to host the Olympic Games at the former London 2012 Olympic venues, should the Games need to be moved due to the ongoing disruption caused by the coronavirus outbreak. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike criticized Bailey's comment as inappropriate. Fukushima radiation The Tokyo Organizing Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games announced that the Olympics torch relay will begin in Fukushima, and the Olympic baseball and softball matches will be played at Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium, from the site of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, despite the fact that the scientific studies on the safety of Fukushima are currently in dispute. In relation to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, which resulted in multiple nuclear meltdowns and an official Level 7 disaster, officials from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations have determined that the risks of dangerous radiation exposure are minimal. Nevertheless, some scientists and citizens remain skeptical. For example, Tilman Ruff, a public health expert and a co-founder of the Nobel Peace Prize-winning International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), urged the Australian Olympic Committee to properly inform its staff and athletes attending the 2020 Tokyo Games about the ongoing health effects of the Fukushima radiation. Former nuclear industry executive and whistle blower Arnold Gundersen and his institute, Fairewinds Associates, tested for the presence of radioactive dust on land scheduled to be used for certain events, including baseball, softball and the Olympic torch relay. At these facilities, the legally allowable radiation levels are higher than at other athletic facilities. According to certain models, such as the National Academy of Sciences' "linear, no-threshold" model, small increases in radiation exposure may cause proportional health risks. The Japanese government posted that measured radiation levels in the city of Fukushima are comparable with safe readings in Hong Kong and Seoul, while Tokyo's readings are even lower, in line with Paris and London. However, the data collected by the monitoring posts installed by the Japanese governments are partial and non-representative of the extent of radioactive contamination, as they measure only the atmospheric radiation levels in the form of gamma rays, but not radionuclides, such as cesium-137, which emit alpha and beta particles that are dangerous when inhaled or ingested. It is also pointed out that the government-installed monitoring posts are placed strategically and the areas surrounding the posts were cleaned so that the radiation levels remain lower. Greenpeace reported that the radiation levels measured around the J-Village sports camp in Fukushima, where the Tokyo 2020 Olympic torch relay will begin, were 1,700 times higher than before the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Even though the Japanese government promised to keep the radiation levels below 0.23 µSv per hour, radiation hot spots at the J-Village showed readings as high as 1.7 µSv per hour at above the surface and over 71 µSv per hour at the surface level. Additionally, food from the region, currently under import restrictions in 23 countries, is tested intensively for safety. In October 2019, after tons of poorly-secured radioactive Fukushima waste were swept away by typhoon Hagibis, IOC chief Thomas Bach promised to carry out inspections on radiation safety. In November 2019, a Japanese citizens' group Minna-No Data Site (Everyone's Data Site) published an English version of Citizens’ Radiation Data Map of Japan, a 16-page booklet featuring radiation-level maps, created using soil samples from 3,400 sites in 17 prefectures in eastern Japan, the results of three-year land contamination surveys with approximately 4,000 volunteers. Heat and air-conditioning Tokyo's