Senate passed a major healthcare bill in late 2009 without using the reconciliation process; because Democrats had 60-seat super-majority in the Senate, they were able to defeat Republican attempts to block the bill via the filibuster. While the House continued to debate its own healthcare bill, Democrats lost their 60-seat Senate super-majority following the death of Senator Ted Kennedy. Following the loss of the Democratic super-majority in the Senate, House Democrats agreed to pass the Senate bill, while Senate Democrats agreed to use the reconciliation process to pass a second bill that would make various adjustments to the first bill. The original Senate bill was passed by the House and signed into law by President Obama as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Subsequently, the House and Senate used reconciliation to pass the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, which contained several alterations to the ACA. In 2016, Republicans passed a reconciliation bill to repeal parts of the ACA, but it was vetoed by President Obama. Usage since 2017 After gaining control of Congress and the presidency in the 2016 elections, Republicans sought to partially repeal the ACA and pass a major tax cut bill in the 115th United States Congress. As the party lacked a 60-vote super-majority in the Senate, they sought to implement both parties through separate reconciliation bills, with the healthcare bill passed using the reconciliation process for fiscal year 2017 and the tax cut bill passed using the reconciliation process for fiscal year 2018. Republicans were unable to pass their healthcare bill, the American Health Care Act of 2017, because three Senate Republicans and all Senate Democrats voted against it, preventing the bill from gaining majority support in the Senate. With the defeat of their healthcare bill, congressional Republicans changed their focus to a separate reconciliation bill that would cut taxes. Both houses of Congress passed a tax cut bill in late 2017, though the Byrd Rule required the stripping of some provisions deemed extraneous. After both houses of Congress passed an identical tax cut bill, President Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 into law in December 2017. Because of Byrd Rule restrictions, the individual tax cuts contained in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 will expire in 2027 barring further legislative action. List of reconciliation bills The following bills have been enacted into law using reconciliation: Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980, (1980) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, (1981) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982, (1982) Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA), (1982) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1983, (1984) Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA), (1986) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986, (1986) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, (1987) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, (1989) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, (1990) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, (1993) Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, Pub.L. 104–193 (1996) Balanced Budget Act of 1997, (1997) Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, (1997) Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA), (2001) Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, (2003) Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, (2006) Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (TIPRA), (2006) College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007, (2007) Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, (2010) Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (2017) Since 1980, four reconciliation bill passed Congress but were vetoed by the president: Balanced Budget Act of 1995, (vetoed December 6, 1995) Taxpayer Refund and Relief Act of 1999, (vetoed September 23, 1999) Marriage