Protein structure
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Interactive diagram of protein structure, using PCNA as an example. (PDB: 1AXC​)
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein.[1] To be able to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins.
Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.[2] By physical size, proteins are classified as nanoparticles, between 1–100 nm. Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits. For example, many thousands of actin molecules assemble into a microfilament.
A protein generally undergo reversible structural changes in performing its biological function. The alternative structures of the same protein are referred to as different conformational isomers, or simply, conformations, and transitions between them are called conformational changes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Levels of protein structure
1.1 Primary structure
1.2 Secondary structure
1.3 Tertiary structure
1.4 Quaternary structure
2 Domains, motifs, and folds in protein structure
2.1 Structural domain
2.2 Structural and sequence motif
2.3 Supersecondary structure
2.4 Protein fold
2.5 Superdomain
3 Protein folding
4 Protein structure determination
4.1 Protein Sequence Analysis: Ensembles
5 Protein structure databases
6 Structure classification
7 Computational prediction of protein structure
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
Levels of protein structure[edit]
There are four distinct levels of protein structure.
Primary structure[edit]
Main article: Protein primary structure
The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The primary structure is held together by peptide bonds that are made during the process of protein biosynthesis. The two ends of the polypeptide chain are referred to as the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) and the amino terminus (N-terminus) based on the nature of the free group on each extremity. Counting of residues always starts at the N-terminal end (NH2-group), which is the end where the amino group is not involved in a peptide bond. The primary structure of a protein is determined by the gene corresponding to the protein. A specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is read by the ribosome in a process called translation. The sequence of amino acids in insulin was discovered by Frederick Sanger, establishing that proteins have defining amino acid sequences.[3][4] The sequence of a protein is unique to that protein, and defines the structure and function of the protein. The sequence of a protein can be determined by methods such as Edman degradation or tandem mass spectrometry. Often, however, it is read directly from the sequence of the gene using the genetic code. It is strictly recommended to use the words "amino acid residues" when discussing proteins because when a peptide bond is formed, a water molecule is lost, and therefore proteins are made up of amino acid residues. Post-translational modification such as disulfide bond formation, phosphorylations and glycosylations are usually also considered a part of the primary structure, and cannot be read from the gene. For example, insulin is composed of 51 amino acids in 2 chains. One chain has 31 amino acids, and the other has 20 amino acids.
Secondary structure[edit]
An α-helix with hydrogen bonds (yellow dots)
Main article: Protein secondary structure
Secondary structure refers to highly regular local sub-structures on the actual polypeptide backbone chain. Two main types of secondary structure, the α-helix and the β-strand or β-sheets, were suggested in 1951 by Linus Pauling and coworkers.[5] These secondary structures are defined by patterns of hydrogen bonds between the main-chain peptide groups. They have a regular geometry, being constrained to specific values of the dihedral angles ψ and φ on the Ramachandran plot. Both the α-helix and the β-sheet represent a way of saturating all the hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in the peptide backbone. Some parts of the protein are ordered but do not form any regular structures. They should not be confused with random coil, an unfolded polypeptide chain lacking any fixed three-dimensional structure. Several sequential secondary structures may form a "supersecondary unit".[6]
Tertiary structure[edit]
Main article: Protein tertiary structure
Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional structure of monomeric and multimeric protein molecules. The α-helixes and β-pleated-sheets are folded into a compact globular structure. The folding is driven by the non-specific hydrophobic interactions, the burial of hydrophobic residues from water, but the structure is stable only when the parts of a protein domain are locked into place by specific tertiary interactions, such as salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and the tight packing of side chains and disulfide bonds. The disulfide bonds are extremely rare in cytosolic proteins, since the cytosol (intracellular fluid) is generally a reducing environment.
Quaternary structure[edit]
Main article: Protein quaternary structure
Quaternary structure is the three-dimensional structure consisting of the aggregation of two or more individual polypeptide chains (subunits) that operate as a single functional unit. In this context, the quaternary structure is stabilized by the same non-covalent interactions and disulfide bonds as the tertiary structure. Complexes of two or more polypeptides (i.e. multiple subunits) are called multimers. Specifically it would be called a dimer if it contains two subunits, a trimer if it contains three subunits, a tetramer if it contains four subunits, and a pentamer if it contains five subunits. The subunits are frequently related to one another by symmetry operations, such as a 2-fold axis in a dimer. Multimers made up of identical subunits are referred to with a prefix of "homo-" (e.g. a homotetramer) and those made up of different subunits are referred to with a prefix of "hetero-", for example, a heterotetramer, such as the two alpha and two beta chains of hemoglobin.
Domains, motifs, and folds in protein structure[edit]
Protein domains. The two shown protein structures share a common domain (maroon), the PH domain, which is involved in phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate binding
Proteins are frequently described as consisting of several structural units. These units include domains, motifs, and folds. Despite the fact that there are about 100,000 different proteins expressed in eukaryotic systems, there are many fewer different domains, structural motifs and folds.
Structural domain[edit]
A structural domain is an element of the protein's overall structure that is self-stabilizing and often folds independently of the rest of the protein chain. Many domains are not unique to the protein products of one gene or one gene family but instead appear in a variety of proteins. Domains often are named and singled out because they figure prominently in the biological function of the protein they belong to; for example, the "calcium-binding domain of calmodulin". Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimera proteins.
Structural and sequence motif[edit]
The structural and sequence motifs refer to short segments of protein three-dimensional structure or amino acid sequence that were found in a large number of different proteins.
Supersecondary structure[edit]
The supersecondary structure refers to a specific combination of secondary structure elements, such as β-α-β units or a helix-turn-helix motif. Some of them may be also referred to as structural motifs.
Protein fold[edit]
A protein fold refers to the general protein architecture, like a helix bundle, β-barrel, Rossman fold or different "folds" provided in the Structural Classification of Proteins database.[7] A related concept is protein topology that refers to the arrangement of contacts within the protein.
Superdomain[edit]
A superdomain consists of two or more nominally unrelated structural domains that are inherited as a single unit and occur in different proteins.[8] An example is provided by the protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and C2 domain pair in PTEN, several tensin proteins, auxilin and proteins in plants and fungi. The PTP-C2 superdomain evidently came into existence prior to the divergence of fungi, plants and animals is therefore likely to be about 1.5 billion years old.
Protein folding[edit]
Main article: Protein folding
Once translated by a ribosome, each polypeptide folds into its characteristic three-dimensional structure from a random coil.[9] Since the fold is maintained by a network of interactions between amino acids in the polypeptide, the native state of the protein chain is determined by the amino acid sequence (Anfinsen's dogma).[10]
Protein structure determination[edit]
Examples of protein structures from the PDB
Rate of Protein Structure Determination by Method and Year
Around 90% of the protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank have been determined by X-ray crystallography.[11] This method allows one to measure the three-dimensional (3-D) density distribution of electrons in the protein, in the crystallized state, and thereby infer the 3-D coordinates of all the atoms to be determined to a certain resolution. Roughly 9% of the known protein structures have been obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques.[citation needed] For larger protein complexes, cryo-electron microscopy can determine protein structures. The resolution is typically lower than that of X-ray crystallography, or NMR, but the maximum resolution is steadily increasing. This technique is still a particularly valuable for very large protein complexes such as virus coat proteins and amyloid fibers.
General secondary structure composition can be determined via circular dichroism. Vibrational spectroscopy can also be used to characterize the conformation of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins.[12] Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy has become a valuable method to investigate the structures of flexible peptides and proteins that cannot be studied with other methods.[13][14] A more qualitative picture of protein structure is often obtained by proteolysis, which is also useful to screen for more crystallizable protein samples. Novel implementations of this approach, including fast parallel proteolysis (FASTpp), can probe the structured fraction and its stability without the need for purification.[15] Once a protein's structure has been experimentally determined, further detailed studies can be done computationally, using molecular dynamic simulations of that structure.[16]
Protein Sequence Analysis: Ensembles[edit]
Schematic view of the two main ensemble modeling approaches.[17]
Proteins are often thought of as relatively stable structures that have a set tertiary structure and experience conformational changes as a result of being modified by other proteins or as part of enzymatic activity. However proteins have varying degrees of stability and some of the less stable variants are intrinsically disordered proteins. These proteins exist and function in a relatively 'disordered' state lacking a stable tertiary structure. As a result, they are difficult to describe in a standard protein structure model that was designed for proteins with a fixed tertiary structure. Conformational ensembles have been devised as a way to provide a more accurate and 'dynamic' representation of the conformational state of intrinsically disordered proteins. Conformational ensembles function by attempting to represent the various conformations of intrinsically disordered proteins within an ensemble file (the type found at the Protein Ensemble Database).
Protein ensemble files are a representation of a protein that can be considered to have a flexible structure. Creating these files requires determining which of the various theoretically possible protein conformations actually exist. One approach is to apply computational algorithms to the protein data in order to try to determine the most likely set of conformations for an ensemble file.
There are multiple methods for preparing data for the Protein Ensemble Database that fall into two general methodologies – pool and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches (diagrammed in the figure). The pool based approach uses the protein’s amino acid sequence to create a massive pool of random conformations. This pool is then subjected to more computational processing that creates a set of theoretical parameters for each conformation based on the structure. Conformational subsets from this pool whose average theoretical parameters closely match known experimental data for this protein are selected.[17]
The molecular dynamics approach takes multiple random conformations at a time and subjects all of them to experimental data. Here the experimental data is serving as limitations to be placed on the conformations (e.g. known distances between atoms). Only conformations that manage to remain within the limits set by the experimental data are accepted. This approach often applies large amounts of experimental data to the conformations which is a very computationally demanding task.[17]
Protein
Data Type
Protocol
PED ID
References
Sic1/Cdc4 NMR and SAXS Pool-based PED9AAA [18]
p15 PAF NMR and SAXS Pool-based PED6AAA [19]
MKK7 NMR Pool-based PED5AAB [20]
Beta-synuclein NMR MD-based PED1AAD [21]
P27 KID NMR MD-based PED2AAA [22]
(adapted from image in "Computational approaches for inferring the functions of intrinsically disordered proteins"[17])
Protein structure databases[edit]
Protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure databases is to organize and annotate the protein structures, providing the biological community access to the experimental data in a useful way. Data included in protein structure databases often includes 3D coordinates as well as experimental information, such as unit cell dimensions and angles for x-ray crystallography determined structures. Though most instances, in this case either proteins or a specific structure determinations of a protein, also contain sequence information and some databases even provide means for performing sequence based queries, the primary attribute of a structure database is structural information, whereas sequence databases focus on sequence information, and contain no structural information for the majority of entries. Protein structure databases are critical for many efforts in computational biology such as structure based drug design, both in developing the computational methods used and in providing a large experimental dataset used by some methods to provide insights about the function of a protein.[23]
Structure classification[edit]
Protein structures can be grouped based on their similarity or a common evolutionary origin. The Structural Classification of Proteins database[24] and CATH database[25] provide two different structural classifications of proteins. Shared structure between proteins is considered evidence of evolutionary relatedness between proteins and is used group proteins together into protein superfamilies.[26]
Computational prediction of protein structure[edit]
Main article: Protein structure prediction
The generation of a protein sequence is much easier than the determination of a protein structure. However, the structure of a protein gives much more insight in the function of the protein than its sequence. Therefore, a number of methods for the computational prediction of protein structure from its sequence have been developed.[27] Ab initio prediction methods use just the sequence of the protein. Threading and homology modeling methods can build a 3-D model for a protein of unknown structure from experimental structures of evolutionarily-related proteins, called a protein family.
See also[edit]
3did
Biomolecular structure
Gene structure
Nucleic acid structure
Z-matrix conversion from Torsion angles to Cartesian coordinates
References[edit]
Jump up ^ H. Stephen Stoker (1 January 2015). Organic and Biological Chemistry. Cengage Learning. p. 371. ISBN 978-1-305-68645-8.
Jump up ^ Brocchieri L, Karlin S (2005-06-10). "Protein length in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteomes". Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (10): 3390–3400. doi:10.1093/nar/gki615. PMC 1150220  . PMID 15951512.
Jump up ^ Sanger, F.; Tuppy, H. (1951-09-01). "The amino-acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. I. The identification of lower peptides from partial hydrolysates". The Biochemical Journal. 49 (4): 463–481. doi:10.1042/bj0490463. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1197535  . PMID 14886310.
Jump up ^ Sanger, F. (1959-05-15). "Chemistry of Insulin". Science. 129 (3359): 1340–1344. doi:10.1126/science.129.3359.1340. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 13658959.
Jump up ^ Pauling L, Corey RB, Branson HR (1951). "The structure of proteins; two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 37 (4): 205–211. doi:10.1073/pnas.37.4.205. PMC 1063337  . PMID 14816373.
Jump up ^ Chiang YS, Gelfand TI, Kister AE, Gelfand IM (2007). "New classification of supersecondary structures of sandwich-like proteins uncovers strict patterns of strand assemblage". Proteins. 68 (4): 915–921. doi:10.1002/prot.21473. PMID 17557333.
Jump up ^ Govindarajan S, Recabarren R, Goldstein RA (17 September 1999). "Estimating the total number of protein folds". Proteins. 35 (4): 408–414. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19990601)35:4<408::AID-PROT4>3.0.CO;2-A. PMID 10382668.
Jump up ^ Haynie DT, Xue B (2015). "Superdomain in the protein structure hierarchy: the case of PTP-C2". Protein Science. 24: 874–82. doi:10.1002/pro.2664. PMC 4420535  . PMID 25694109.
Jump up ^ Alberts, Bruce; Alexander Johnson; Julian Lewis; Martin Raff; Keith Roberts; Peter Walters (2002). "The Shape and Structure of Proteins". Molecular Biology of the Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
Jump up ^ Anfinsen, C. (1972). "The formation and stabilization of protein structure". Biochem. J. 128 (4): 737–49. doi:10.1042/bj1280737. PMC 1173893  . PMID 4565129.
Jump up ^ Kendrew, J.C.; Bodo, G.; Dintzis, H. M.; Parrish, R. G.; Wyckoff, H.; Phillips, D.C. (1958). "A Three-Dimensional Model of the Myoglobin Molecule Obtained by X-Ray Analysis". Nature. 181: 662–666. doi:10.1038/181662a0. PMID 13517261.
Jump up ^ Krimm, Samuel; Bandekar, J. (1986). "Vibrational Spectroscopy and Conformation of Peptides, Polypeptides, and Proteins". Advances in Protein Chemistry. Advances in Protein Chemistry. 38 (C): 181–364. doi:10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60528-8. ISBN 9780120342389.
Jump up ^ Lessing, J.; Roy, S.; Reppert, M.; Baer, M.; Marx, D.; Jansen, T.L.C.; Knoester, J.; Tokmakoff, A. (2012). "Identifying Residual Structure in Intrinsically Disordered Systems: A 2D IR Spectroscopic Study of the GVGXPGVG Peptide". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134: 5032–5035. doi:10.1021/ja2114135. PMID 22356513.
Jump up ^ Jansen, T.L.C.; Knoester, J. (2008). "Two-dimensional infrared population transfer spectroscopy for enhancing structural markers of proteins". Biophys. J. 94: 1818–1825. doi:10.1529/biophysj.107.118851. PMC 2242754  . PMID 17981904.
Jump up ^ Minde DP, Maurice MM, Rüdiger SG (2012). Uversky, Vladimir N, ed. "Determining biophysical protein stability in lysates by a fast proteolysis assay, FASTpp". PLoS ONE. 7 (10): e46147. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046147. PMC 3463568  . PMID 23056252. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Kumari I, Sandhu P, Ahmed M, Akhter Y. Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Challenges and Opportunities: A Biologist's Prospective. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2017 Aug 30;18(11):1163-1179. doi: 10.2174/1389203718666170622074741. Link for preprint.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Varadi, Mihaly; Vranken, Wim; Guharoy, Mainak; Tompa, Peter (2015-01-01). "Computational approaches for inferring the functions of intrinsically disordered proteins". Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 2: 45. doi:10.3389/fmolb.2015.00045. PMC 4525029  . PMID 26301226.
Jump up ^ Mittag, Tanja; Marsh, Joseph; Grishaev, Alexander; Orlicky, Stephen; Lin, Hong; Sicheri, Frank; Tyers, Mike; Forman-Kay, Julie D. (2010-03-14). "Structure/function implications in a dynamic complex of the intrinsically disordered Sic1 with the Cdc4 subunit of an SCF ubiquitin ligase". Structure. 18 (4): 494–506. doi:10.1016/j.str.2010.01.020. ISSN 1878-4186. PMC 2924144  . PMID 20399186.
Jump up ^ De Biasio, Alfredo; Ibáñez de Opakua, Alain; Cordeiro, Tiago N.; Villate, Maider; Merino, Nekane; Sibille, Nathalie; Lelli, Moreno; Diercks, Tammo; Bernadó, Pau (2014-02-18). "p15PAF is an intrinsically disordered protein with nonrandom structural preferences at sites of interaction with other proteins". Biophysical Journal. 106 (4): 865–874. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.046. ISSN 1542-0086. PMC 3944474  . PMID 24559989.
Jump up ^ Kragelj, Jaka; Palencia, Andrés; Nanao, Max H.; Maurin, Damien; Bouvignies, Guillaume; Blackledge, Martin; Jensen, Malene Ringkjøbing (2015-03-17). "Structure and dynamics of the MKK7-JNK signaling complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (11): 3409–3414. doi:10.1073/pnas.1419528112. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4371970  . PMID 25737554.
Jump up ^ Allison, Jane R.; Rivers, Robert C.; Christodoulou, John C.; Vendruscolo, Michele; Dobson, Christopher M. (2014-11-25). "A relationship between the transient structure in the monomeric state and the aggregation propensities of α-synuclein and β-synuclein". Biochemistry. 53 (46): 7170–7183. doi:10.1021/bi5009326. ISSN 1520-4995. PMC 4245978  . PMID 25389903.
Jump up ^ Sivakolundu, Sivashankar G.; Bashford, Donald; Kriwacki, Richard W. (2005-11-11). "Disordered p27Kip1 exhibits intrinsic structure resembling the Cdk2/cyclin A-bound conformation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 353 (5): 1118–1128. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.08.074. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 16214166.
Jump up ^ Laskowski, RA. "Protein structure databases". Mol Biotechnol. PMID 21225378.
Jump up ^ Murzin, A. G.; Brenner, S.; Hubbard, T.; Chothia, C. (1995). "SCOP: A structural classification of proteins database for the investigation of sequences and structures" (PDF). Journal of Molecular Biology. 247 (4): 536–540. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80134-2. PMID 7723011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Orengo, C. A.; Michie, A. D.; Jones, S.; Jones, D. T.; Swindells, M. B.; Thornton, J. M. (1997). "CATH--a hierarchic classification of protein domain structures". Structure. 5 (8): 1093–1108. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(97)00260-8. PMID 9309224.
Jump up ^ Holm, L; Rosenström, P (July 2010). "Dali server: conservation mapping in 3D". Nucleic Acids Research. 38 (Web Server issue): W545–9. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq366. PMC 2896194  . PMID 20457744.
Jump up ^ Zhang Y (2008). "Progress and challenges in protein structure prediction". Curr Opin Struct Biol. 18 (3): 342–348. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2008.02.004. PMC 2680823  . PMID 18436442.
Further reading[edit]
50 Years of Protein Structure Determination Timeline - HTML Version - National Institute of General Medical Sciences at NIH
[show]
v
t
e
Proteins
Processes
Protein biosynthesis
Post-translational modification
Protein folding
Protein targeting
Proteome
Protein methods
Structures
Protein structure
Protein structural domains
Proteasome
Types
List of types of proteins
List of proteins
Membrane protein
Globular protein
Globulin
Edestin
Albumin
Fibrous protein
[show]
v
t
e
Proteins: key methods of study
Experimental
Protein purification
Green fluorescent protein
Western blot
Protein immunostaining
Protein sequencing
Gel electrophoresis/Protein electrophoresis
Protein immunoprecipitation
Peptide mass fingerprinting/Protein mass spectrometry
Dual-polarization interferometry
Microscale thermophoresis
Chromatin immunoprecipitation
Surface plasmon resonance
Isothermal titration calorimetry
X-ray crystallography
Protein NMR
Cryo-electron microscopy
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
Bioinformatics
Protein structure prediction
Protein–protein docking
Protein structural alignment
Protein ontology
Protein–protein interaction prediction
Assay
Enzyme assay
Protein assay
Secretion assay
Display techniques
Bacterial display
mRNA display
Phage display
Ribosome display
Yeast display
Super-resolution microscopy
Photoactivated localization microscopy
Vertico SMI
[show]
v
t
e
Protein domains
BAR
BIR
BZIP
CARD
C1
C2
DED
ENTH
FYVE
HEAT
Kringle
LIM
LRR
NACHT
PAS
PDZ
Pyrin
PH
PX
SH2
SH3
SUN
TRIO
WD40
zinc finger
[show]
v
t
e
Protein structural analysis
High resolution
Cryo-electron microscopy
X-ray crystallography
NMR
Electron crystallography
EPR
Medium resolution
Fiber diffraction
Mass spectrometry
SAXS
Spectroscopic
NMR
Circular dichroism
Dual-polarization interferometry
Absorbance
Fluorescence
Fluorescence anisotropy
Translational Diffusion
Analytical ultracentrifugation
Size exclusion chromatography
Light scattering
NMR
Rotational Diffusion
Fluorescence anisotropy
Flow birefringence
Dielectric relaxation
NMR
Chemical
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange
Site-directed mutagenesis
Chemical modification
Thermodynamic
Equilibrium unfolding
Computational
Protein structure prediction
Molecular docking
←Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure→
[show]
v
t
e
Biomolecular structure
Protein structure
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Determination
Prediction
Design
Thermodynamics
Nucleic acid structure
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Determination
Prediction
Design
Thermodynamics
See also
Protein
Protein domain
Protein engineering
Nucleic acid
DNA
RNA
Nucleic acid double helix
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&oldid=835457988"
Categories:
Protein structure
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Use dmy dates from September 2010
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017
Articles prone to spam from August 2014
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Galego
हिन्दी
Italiano
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Occitan
Русский
Shqip
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
17 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 April 2018, at 20:45.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

div
id class
mw-page-base noprint
html
local
div
id class
mw-head-base noprint
html
local
a
id
top
html
local
div
id class
siteNotice centralNotice mw-body-content
html
local
div
class
mw-indicators mw-body-content
html
local
h1
id class lang
firstHeading firstHeading en
html
local
div
id class
siteSub noprint
html
local
div
id
contentSub
html
local
a
href
#mw-head
html
local
a
href
#p-search
html
local
div
id class
jump-to-nav mw-jump
html
local
area
href shape coords alt title
/wiki/Protein_primary_structure rect 0,0,273,53 Protein primary structure Protein primary structure
html
local
area
href shape coords alt title
/wiki/Protein_secondary_structure rect 0,58,273,112 Protein secondary structure Protein secondary structure
html
local
area
href shape coords alt title
/wiki/Protein_tertiary_structure rect 0,118,273,208 Protein tertiary structure Protein tertiary structure
html
local
area
href shape coords alt title
/wiki/Protein_quaternary_structure rect 0,213,273,433 Protein quaternary structure Protein quaternary structure
html
local
map
name id
ImageMap_1_233947669 ImageMap_1_233947669
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height usemap
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Protein_structure_%28full%29.png/270px-Protein_structure_%28full%29.png 270 431 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Protein_structure_%28full%29.png/405px-Protein_structure_%28full%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Protein_structure_%28full%29.png/540px-Protein_structure_%28full%29.png 2x 1246 1989 #ImageMap_1_233947669
html
local
div
class
noresize
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Protein_structure_(full).png internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
magnify
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
The image above contains clickable links //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png The image above contains clickable links 18 27 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/27px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/36px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x 133 200
html
local
div
class
floatleft
html
local
i
html
local
a
class
mw-selflink selflink
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PCNA mw-redirect PCNA
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank Protein Data Bank
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1AXC
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:272px;
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Molecular_geometry Molecular geometry
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Amino_acid Amino acid
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Molecule Molecule
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Polymer Polymer
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Polypeptide mw-redirect Polypeptide
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Amino_acid Amino acid
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Monomer Monomer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Residue_(chemistry) Residue (chemistry)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Condensation_reaction Condensation reaction
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Water_molecule mw-redirect Water molecule
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chemical_reaction Chemical reaction
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Peptide_bond Peptide bond
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Peptide Peptide
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Stoker2015-1
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Stoker2015_1-0 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Non-covalent_interaction mw-redirect Non-covalent interaction
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Hydrogen_bonding mw-redirect Hydrogen bonding
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Ionic_interaction mw-redirect Ionic interaction
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Van_der_Waals_forces mw-redirect Van der Waals forces
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Hydrophobic mw-redirect Hydrophobic
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Structural_biology Structural biology
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/X-ray_crystallography X-ray crystallography
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_NMR mw-redirect Protein NMR
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Dual_polarisation_interferometry mw-redirect Dual polarisation interferometry
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Brocchieri2005-2
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Brocchieri2005_2-0 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nanoparticle Nanoparticle
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_subunit Protein subunit
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Actin Actin
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Microfilament Microfilament
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Reversible_process_(thermodynamics) Reversible process (thermodynamics)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Conformational_isomerism Conformational isomerism
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Conformational_change Conformational change
html
local
p
html
local
p
html
local
h2
html
local
a
role tabindex class
button 0 togglelink
html
local
span
class
toctoggle
html
local
div
class dir xml:lang
toctitle ltr en
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Levels_of_protein_structure
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Primary_structure
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-2
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Secondary_structure
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-3
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Tertiary_structure
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-4
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Quaternary_structure
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-5
html
local
ul
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-1
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Domains,_motifs,_and_folds_in_protein_structure
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Structural_domain
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-7
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Structural_and_sequence_motif
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-8
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Supersecondary_structure
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-9
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Protein_fold
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-10
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Superdomain
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-11
html
local
ul
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-6
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Protein_folding
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-12
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Protein_structure_determination
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Protein_Sequence_Analysis:_Ensembles
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-14
html
local
ul
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-13
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Protein_structure_databases
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-15
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Structure_classification
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-16
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Computational_prediction_of_protein_structure
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-17
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#See_also
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-18
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#References
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-19
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Further_reading
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-20
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class
toc toc
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Levels_of_protein_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=1 Edit section: Levels of protein structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Primary_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=2 Edit section: Primary structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_primary_structure Protein primary structure
html
local
div
role class
note hatnote navigation-not-searchable
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Primary_structure mw-redirect Primary structure
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Amino_acid Amino acid
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Peptide_bonds mw-redirect Peptide bonds
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis Protein biosynthesis
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Polypeptide_chain mw-redirect Polypeptide chain
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Carboxyl_terminus mw-redirect Carboxyl terminus
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Amino_terminus mw-redirect Amino terminus
html
local
sub
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gene Gene
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleotide Nucleotide
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/DNA DNA
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Transcription_(genetics) mw-redirect Transcription (genetics)
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/MRNA mw-redirect MRNA
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ribosome Ribosome
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Translation_(biology) Translation (biology)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Frederick_Sanger Frederick Sanger
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-3
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-3 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-4
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-4 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Edman_degradation Edman degradation
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Mass_spectrometry#Protein_identification Mass spectrometry
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Genetic_code Genetic code
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Water_molecule mw-redirect Water molecule
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Post-translational_modification Post-translational modification
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Disulfide_bond mw-redirect Disulfide bond
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Phosphorylation Phosphorylation
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Glycosylation Glycosylation
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Insulin Insulin
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Secondary_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=3 Edit section: Secondary structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Alpha_helix.png/100px-Alpha_helix.png 100 232 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Alpha_helix.png/150px-Alpha_helix.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Alpha_helix.png/200px-Alpha_helix.png 2x 287 666
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Alpha_helix.png image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Alpha_helix.png internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption magnify
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:102px;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_secondary_structure Protein secondary structure
html
local
div
role class
note hatnote navigation-not-searchable
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Secondary_structure mw-redirect Secondary structure
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Alpha_helix Alpha helix
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Beta_strand mw-redirect Beta strand
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Beta_sheet Beta sheet
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Linus_Pauling Linus Pauling
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Pauling1951-5
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Pauling1951_5-0 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Hydrogen_bonds mw-redirect Hydrogen bonds
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ramachandran_plot Ramachandran plot
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Random_coil Random coil
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Supersecondary_structure Supersecondary structure
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-ChiangYS2007-6
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-ChiangYS2007_6-0 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Tertiary_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=4 Edit section: Tertiary structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_tertiary_structure Protein tertiary structure
html
local
div
role class
note hatnote navigation-not-searchable
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Tertiary_structure mw-redirect Tertiary structure
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Globular_structure mw-redirect Globular structure
html
local
i
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Hydrophobic_interactions mw-redirect Hydrophobic interactions
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Hydrophobic_residues mw-redirect Hydrophobic residues
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Water Water
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_domain Protein domain
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Salt_bridge_(protein_and_supramolecular) Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular)
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Disulfide_bond mw-redirect Disulfide bond
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Cytosol Cytosol
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Redox Redox
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Quaternary_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=5 Edit section: Quaternary structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_quaternary_structure Protein quaternary structure
html
local
div
role class
note hatnote navigation-not-searchable
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Non-covalent_interaction mw-redirect Non-covalent interaction
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Multimer mw-redirect Multimer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Dimer_(chemistry) Dimer (chemistry)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Trimer_(chemistry) Trimer (chemistry)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Tetramer Tetramer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Pentamer Pentamer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Symmetry_group Symmetry group
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Hemoglobin Hemoglobin
html
local
p
html
local
span
id
Domains.2C_motifs.2C_and_folds_in_protein_structure
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Domains,_motifs,_and_folds_in_protein_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=6 Edit section: Domains, motifs, and folds in protein structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Domain_Homology.png/220px-Domain_Homology.png 220 103 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Domain_Homology.png/330px-Domain_Homology.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Domain_Homology.png/440px-Domain_Homology.png 2x 929 435
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Domain_Homology.png image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Domain_Homology.png internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
magnify
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Pleckstrin_homology_domain Pleckstrin homology domain
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_(3,4,5)-trisphosphate Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:222px;
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Eukaryotic mw-redirect Eukaryotic
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Structural_domain
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=7 Edit section: Structural domain
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Structural_domain mw-redirect Structural domain
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_folding Protein folding
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gene Gene
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gene_family Gene family
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Calcium Calcium
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Calmodulin Calmodulin
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Genetic_engineering Genetic engineering
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Chimera_(protein) mw-redirect Chimera (protein)
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Structural_and_sequence_motif
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=8 Edit section: Structural and sequence motif
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Structural_motif Structural motif
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Sequence_motif Sequence motif
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Supersecondary_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=9 Edit section: Supersecondary structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Supersecondary_structure Supersecondary structure
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Secondary_structure mw-redirect Secondary structure
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Helix-turn-helix Helix-turn-helix
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Protein_fold
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=10 Edit section: Protein fold
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Helix_bundle Helix bundle
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Beta-barrel mw-redirect Beta-barrel
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Rossman_fold mw-redirect Rossman fold
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins_database Structural Classification of Proteins database
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Govindarajan-7
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Govindarajan_7-0 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Circuit_topology Circuit topology
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Superdomain
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=11 Edit section: Superdomain
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-8
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-8 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_tyrosine_phosphatase Protein tyrosine phosphatase
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/C2_domain C2 domain
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PTEN_(gene) PTEN (gene)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Tensin Tensin
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Auxilin Auxilin
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Protein_folding
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=12 Edit section: Protein folding
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_folding Protein folding
html
local
div
role class
note hatnote navigation-not-searchable
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ribosome Ribosome
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_folding Protein folding
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Random_coil Random coil
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Alberts-9
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Alberts_9-0 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Native_state Native state
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Anfinsen%27s_dogma Anfinsen's dogma
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Anfinsen-10
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Anfinsen_10-0 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Protein_structure_determination
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=13 Edit section: Protein structure determination
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Protein_structure_examples.png/220px-Protein_structure_examples.png 220 271 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Protein_structure_examples.png/330px-Protein_structure_examples.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Protein_structure_examples.png/440px-Protein_structure_examples.png 2x 1571 1938
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Protein_structure_examples.png image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Protein_structure_examples.png internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
magnify
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank Protein Data Bank
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption
html
local
div
class style
thumb tleft thumbinner width:222px;
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png/400px-Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png 400 286 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png/600px-Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png/800px-Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png 2x 3500 2500
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Rate_of_Protein_Structure_Determination.png internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption magnify
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:402px;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank Protein Data Bank
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/X-ray_crystallography X-ray crystallography
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-11
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-11 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Electron Electron
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Crystallized mw-redirect Crystallized
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Infer mw-redirect Infer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Atom Atom
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_NMR mw-redirect Protein NMR
html
local
span
title
This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed Wikipedia:Citation needed
html
local
i
html
local
sup
class style
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact white-space:nowrap;
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Cryo-electron_microscopy mw-redirect Cryo-electron microscopy
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Virus_coat_protein mw-redirect Virus coat protein
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Amyloid Amyloid
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Circular_dichroism Circular dichroism
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Vibrational_spectroscopy mw-redirect Vibrational spectroscopy
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-12
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-12 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Two-dimensional_infrared_spectroscopy Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-13
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-13 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-14
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-14 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Proteolysis Proteolysis
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Fast_parallel_proteolysis_(FASTpp) mw-redirect Fast parallel proteolysis (FASTpp)
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-15
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-15 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Molecular_dynamics Molecular dynamics
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-16
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-16 reference
html
local
p
html
local
div
style
clear:both;
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Protein_Sequence_Analysis:_Ensembles
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=14 Edit section: Protein Sequence Analysis: Ensembles
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schematic_view_of_the_two_main_ensemble_modeling_approaches.jpg/500px-Schematic_view_of_the_two_main_ensemble_modeling_approaches.jpg 500 289 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Schematic_view_of_the_two_main_ensemble_modeling_approaches.jpg/750px-Schematic_view_of_the_two_main_ensemble_modeling_approaches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Schematic_view_of_the_two_main_ensemble_modeling_approaches.jpg 2x 851 492
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Schematic_view_of_the_two_main_ensemble_modeling_approaches.jpg image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Schematic_view_of_the_two_main_ensemble_modeling_approaches.jpg internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
magnify
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-:2-17
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-:2_17-0 reference
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:502px;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_tertiary_structure Protein tertiary structure
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Intrinsically_disordered_proteins Intrinsically disordered proteins
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_tertiary_structure Protein tertiary structure
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_tertiary_structure Protein tertiary structure
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Conformational_ensembles Conformational ensembles
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Intrinsically_disordered_proteins Intrinsically disordered proteins
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Conformational_ensembles Conformational ensembles
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Intrinsically_disordered_proteins Intrinsically disordered proteins
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://pedb.vib.be/ external text
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Conformational_ensembles Conformational ensembles
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Conformational_ensembles Conformational ensembles
html
local
p
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://pedb.vib.be/ external text
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-:2-17
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-:2_17-1 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-:2-17
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-:2_17-2 reference
html
local
p
html
local
th
html
local
th
html
local
th
html
local
th
html
local
th
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Sic1 Sic1
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Cell_division_control_protein_4 Cell division control protein 4
html
local
td
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/SAXS mw-redirect SAXS
html
local
td
html
local
td
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://pedb.vib.be/accession.php?ID=PED9AAA#accessionHeader&panel1-1
html
local
td
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-18
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-18 reference
html
local
td
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/KIAA0101 KIAA0101
html
local
td
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/SAXS mw-redirect SAXS
html
local
td
html
local
td
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://pedb.vib.be/accession.php?ID=PED6AAA#accessionHeader&panel1-1
html
local
td
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-19
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-19 reference
html
local
td
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/MAP2K7 MAP2K7
html
local
td
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance
html
local
td
html
local
td
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://pedb.vib.be/accession.php?ID=PED9AAA#accessionHeader&panel1-1
html
local
td
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-20
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-20 reference
html
local
td
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Beta-synuclein Beta-synuclein
html
local
td
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance
html
local
td
html
local
td
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://pedb.vib.be/accession.php?ID=PED1AAD#accessionHeader&panel1-1
html
local
td
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-21
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-21 reference
html
local
td
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/CDKN1B CDKN1B
html
local
td
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance
html
local
td
html
local
td
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://pedb.vib.be/accession.php?ID=PED2AAA#accessionHeader&panel1-1
html
local
td
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-22
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-22 reference
html
local
td
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class
wikitable
html
local
a
class href
external text https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Table_1._Recently_published_ensemble_models_from_the_Protein_Ensemble_Database.jpg
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-:2-17
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-:2_17-3 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Protein_structure_databases
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=15 Edit section: Protein structure databases
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure_database Protein structure database
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Data_modeling Data modeling
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure#Protein_structure_determination Protein structure
html
local
a
class
mw-selflink selflink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/X-ray_crystallography#Biological_macromolecular_crystallography X-ray crystallography
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Sequence_database Sequence database
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Computational_biology Computational biology
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Drug_design#Structure_based Drug design
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-23
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-23 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Structure_classification
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=16 Edit section: Structure classification
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Evolution Evolution
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins_database Structural Classification of Proteins database
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid7723011-24
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid7723011_24-0 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/CATH mw-redirect CATH
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid9309224-25
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid9309224_25-0 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_superfamilies mw-redirect Protein superfamilies
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-26
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-26 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Computational_prediction_of_protein_structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=17 Edit section: Computational prediction of protein structure
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure_prediction Protein structure prediction
html
local
div
role class
note hatnote navigation-not-searchable
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_sequence mw-redirect Protein sequence
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-zhang2008-27
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-zhang2008_27-0 reference
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Threading_(protein_sequence) Threading (protein sequence)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Homology_modeling Homology modeling
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_family Protein family
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline See_also
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=18 Edit section: See also
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/3did 3did
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Biomolecular_structure Biomolecular structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gene_structure Gene structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure Nucleic acid structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Z-matrix_(disambiguation) mw-redirect mw-disambig Z-matrix (disambiguation)
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline References
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=19 Edit section: References
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Stoker2015_1-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://books.google.com/books?id=HRCdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA371
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-305-68645-8 Special:BookSources/978-1-305-68645-8
html
local
cite
class
citation book
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organic+and+Biological+Chemistry&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-305-68645-8&rft.au=H.+Stephen+Stoker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHRCdBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Stoker2015-1
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Brocchieri2005_2-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1150220
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgki615
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1150220
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15951512
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Protein+length+in+eukaryotic+and+prokaryotic+proteomes&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=3390-3400&rft.date=2005-06-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1150220&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15951512&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgki615&rft.aulast=Brocchieri&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Karlin%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1150220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Brocchieri2005-2
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-3
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197535
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj0490463
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0264-6021
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197535
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14886310
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+phenylalanyl+chain+of+insulin.+I.+The+identification+of+lower+peptides+from+partial+hydrolysates&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=463-481&rft.date=1951-09-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1197535&rft.issn=0264-6021&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14886310&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj0490463&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Tuppy%2C+H.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1197535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-3
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-4
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://science.sciencemag.org/content/129/3359/1340
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.129.3359.1340
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13658959
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Chemistry+of+Insulin&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=3359&rft.pages=1340-1344&rft.date=1959-05-15&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13658959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.129.3359.1340&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F129%2F3359%2F1340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-4
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Pauling1951_5-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1063337
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.37.4.205
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1063337
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14816373
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+USA&rft.atitle=The+structure+of+proteins%3B+two+hydrogen-bonded+helical+configurations+of+the+polypeptide+chain&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=205-211&rft.date=1951&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1063337&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14816373&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.37.4.205&rft.aulast=Pauling&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Corey%2C+RB&rft.au=Branson%2C+HR&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1063337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Pauling1951-5
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-ChiangYS2007_6-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1002%2Fprot.21473
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17557333
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteins&rft.atitle=New+classification+of+supersecondary+structures+of+sandwich-like+proteins+uncovers+strict+patterns+of+strand+assemblage.&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=915-921&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fprot.21473&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17557333&rft.aulast=Chiang&rft.aufirst=YS&rft.au=Gelfand%2C+TI&rft.au=Kister%2C+AE&rft.au=Gelfand%2C+IM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-ChiangYS2007-6
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Govindarajan_7-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/65000323/abstract
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0134%2819990601%2935%3A4%3C408%3A%3AAID-PROT4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10382668
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteins&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+total+number+of+protein+folds.&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=408-414&rft.date=1999-09-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0134%2819990601%2935%3A4%3C408%3A%3AAID-PROT4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10382668&rft.aulast=Govindarajan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Recabarren%2C+R&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.interscience.wiley.com%2Fjournal%2F65000323%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Govindarajan-7
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-8
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420535
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1002%2Fpro.2664
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420535
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25694109
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Protein+Science&rft.atitle=Superdomain+in+the+protein+structure+hierarchy%3A+the+case+of+PTP-C2.&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=874-82&rft.date=2015&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4420535&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25694109&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fpro.2664&rft.aulast=Haynie&rft.aufirst=DT&rft.au=Xue%2C+B&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4420535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-8
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Alberts_9-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bruce_Alberts Bruce Alberts
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&term=mboc4%5Bbook%5D+AND+372270%5Buid%5D&rid=mboc4.section.388
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-3218-1 Special:BookSources/0-8153-3218-1
html
local
cite
class
citation book
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Shape+and+Structure+of+Proteins&rft.btitle=Molecular+Biology+of+the+Cell%3B+Fourth+Edition&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8153-3218-1&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.au=Alexander+Johnson&rft.au=Julian+Lewis&rft.au=Martin+Raff&rft.au=Keith+Roberts&rft.au=Peter+Walters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26db%3Dbooks%26doptcmdl%3DGenBookHL%26term%3Dmboc4%255Bbook%255D%2BAND%2B372270%255Buid%255D%26rid%3Dmboc4.section.388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Alberts-9
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Anfinsen_10-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen Christian B. Anfinsen
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1173893
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj1280737
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1173893
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4565129
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochem.+J.&rft.atitle=The+formation+and+stabilization+of+protein+structure&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=737-49&rft.date=1972&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1173893&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4565129&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj1280737&rft.au=Anfinsen%2C+C.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1173893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Anfinsen-10
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-11
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1038%2F181662a0
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13517261
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+Three-Dimensional+Model+of+the+Myoglobin+Molecule+Obtained+by+X-Ray+Analysis&rft.volume=181&rft.pages=662-666&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F181662a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13517261&rft.au=Kendrew%2C+J.C.&rft.au=Bodo%2C+G.&rft.au=Dintzis%2C+H.+M.&rft.au=Parrish%2C+R.+G.&rft.au=Wyckoff%2C+H.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+D.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-11
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-12
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2FS0065-3233%2808%2960528-8
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780120342389 Special:BookSources/9780120342389
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Protein+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Vibrational+Spectroscopy+and+Conformation+of+Peptides%2C+Polypeptides%2C+and+Proteins&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=C&rft.pages=181-364&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0065-3233%2808%2960528-8&rft.isbn=9780120342389&rft.aulast=Krimm&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.au=Bandekar%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-12
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-13
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1021%2Fja2114135
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22356513
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Chem.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Identifying+Residual+Structure+in+Intrinsically+Disordered+Systems%3A+A+2D+IR+Spectroscopic+Study+of+the+GVGXPGVG+Peptide&rft.volume=134&rft.pages=5032-5035&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja2114135&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22356513&rft.aulast=Lessing&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Roy%2C+S.&rft.au=Reppert%2C+M.&rft.au=Baer%2C+M.&rft.au=Marx%2C+D.&rft.au=Jansen%2C+T.L.C.&rft.au=Knoester%2C+J.&rft.au=Tokmakoff%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-13
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-14
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2242754
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1529%2Fbiophysj.107.118851
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2242754
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17981904
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biophys.+J.&rft.atitle=Two-dimensional+infrared+population+transfer+spectroscopy+for+enhancing+structural+markers+of+proteins&rft.volume=94&rft.pages=1818-1825&rft.date=2008&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2242754&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17981904&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1529%2Fbiophysj.107.118851&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=T.L.C.&rft.au=Knoester%2C+J.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2242754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-14
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-15
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3463568
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0046147
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3463568
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056252
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=Determining+biophysical+protein+stability+in+lysates+by+a+fast+proteolysis+assay%2C+FASTpp&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e46147&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3463568&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23056252&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0046147&rft.au=Minde+DP%2C+Maurice+MM%2C+R%C3%BCdiger+SG&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3463568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
html
local
span
class style
citation-comment display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-15
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-16
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317632074_Molecular_Dynamics_Simulations_Challenges_and_Opportunities_A_Biologist%27s_Prospective
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-16
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-:2_17-0
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-:2_17-1
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-:2_17-2
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-:2_17-3
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmolb.2015.00045/abstract
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.3389%2Ffmolb.2015.00045
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4525029
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301226
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Molecular+Biosciences&rft.atitle=Computational+approaches+for+inferring+the+functions+of+intrinsically+disordered+proteins&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4525029&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26301226&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffmolb.2015.00045&rft.aulast=Varadi&rft.aufirst=Mihaly&rft.au=Vranken%2C+Wim&rft.au=Guharoy%2C+Mainak&rft.au=Tompa%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournal.frontiersin.org%2Farticle%2F10.3389%2Ffmolb.2015.00045%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-:2-17
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-18
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2924144
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2010.01.020
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1878-4186
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2924144
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20399186
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Structure&rft.atitle=Structure%2Ffunction+implications+in+a+dynamic+complex+of+the+intrinsically+disordered+Sic1+with+the+Cdc4+subunit+of+an+SCF+ubiquitin+ligase&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=494-506&rft.date=2010-03-14&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2924144&rft.issn=1878-4186&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20399186&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.str.2010.01.020&rft.aulast=Mittag&rft.aufirst=Tanja&rft.au=Marsh%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Grishaev%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Orlicky%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Lin%2C+Hong&rft.au=Sicheri%2C+Frank&rft.au=Tyers%2C+Mike&rft.au=Forman-Kay%2C+Julie+D.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2924144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-18
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-19
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944474
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bpj.2013.12.046
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1542-0086
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944474
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24559989
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=p15PAF+is+an+intrinsically+disordered+protein+with+nonrandom+structural+preferences+at+sites+of+interaction+with+other+proteins&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=865-874&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3944474&rft.issn=1542-0086&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24559989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bpj.2013.12.046&rft.aulast=De+Biasio&rft.aufirst=Alfredo&rft.au=Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez+de+Opakua%2C+Alain&rft.au=Cordeiro%2C+Tiago+N.&rft.au=Villate%2C+Maider&rft.au=Merino%2C+Nekane&rft.au=Sibille%2C+Nathalie&rft.au=Lelli%2C+Moreno&rft.au=Diercks%2C+Tammo&rft.au=Bernad%C3%B3%2C+Pau&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3944474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-19
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-20
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371970
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1419528112
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4371970
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737554
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Structure+and+dynamics+of+the+MKK7-JNK+signaling+complex&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=3409-3414&rft.date=2015-03-17&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4371970&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25737554&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1419528112&rft.aulast=Kragelj&rft.aufirst=Jaka&rft.au=Palencia%2C+Andr%C3%A9s&rft.au=Nanao%2C+Max+H.&rft.au=Maurin%2C+Damien&rft.au=Bouvignies%2C+Guillaume&rft.au=Blackledge%2C+Martin&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Malene+Ringkj%C3%B8bing&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4371970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-20
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-21
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245978
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi5009326
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1520-4995
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245978
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25389903
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=A+relationship+between+the+transient+structure+in+the+monomeric+state+and+the+aggregation+propensities+of+%CE%B1-synuclein+and+%CE%B2-synuclein&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=7170-7183&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4245978&rft.issn=1520-4995&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25389903&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fbi5009326&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Jane+R.&rft.au=Rivers%2C+Robert+C.&rft.au=Christodoulou%2C+John+C.&rft.au=Vendruscolo%2C+Michele&rft.au=Dobson%2C+Christopher+M.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4245978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-21
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-22
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2005.08.074
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2836
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16214166
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Disordered+p27Kip1+exhibits+intrinsic+structure+resembling+the+Cdk2%2Fcyclin+A-bound+conformation&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1118-1128&rft.date=2005-11-11&rft.issn=0022-2836&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16214166&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2005.08.074&rft.aulast=Sivakolundu&rft.aufirst=Sivashankar+G.&rft.au=Bashford%2C+Donald&rft.au=Kriwacki%2C+Richard+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-22
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-23
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21225378
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mol+Biotechnol&rft.atitle=Protein+structure+databases&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21225378&rft.aulast=Laskowski&rft.aufirst=RA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-23
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid7723011_24-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Steven_E._Brenner Steven E. Brenner
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Tim_Hubbard Tim Hubbard
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Cyrus_Chothia Cyrus Chothia
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://web.archive.org/web/20120426170732/http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/ref/1995-jmb-scop.pdf
html
local
span
style
font-size:85%;
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2805%2980134-2
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7723011
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/ref/1995-jmb-scop.pdf
html
local
span
style
font-size:85%;
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=SCOP%3A+A+structural+classification+of+proteins+database+for+the+investigation+of+sequences+and+structures&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=536-540&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2805%2980134-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7723011&rft.aulast=Murzin&rft.aufirst=A.+G.&rft.au=Brenner%2C+S.&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+T.&rft.au=Chothia%2C+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk%2Fscop%2Fref%2F1995-jmb-scop.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid7723011-24
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid9309224_25-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Christine_Orengo Christine Orengo
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Janet_Thornton Janet Thornton
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2FS0969-2126%2897%2900260-8
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9309224
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Structure&rft.atitle=CATH--a+hierarchic+classification+of+protein+domain+structures&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1093-1108&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0969-2126%2897%2900260-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9309224&rft.aulast=Orengo&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rft.au=Michie%2C+A.+D.&rft.au=Jones%2C+S.&rft.au=Jones%2C+D.+T.&rft.au=Swindells%2C+M.+B.&rft.au=Thornton%2C+J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid9309224-25
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-26
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896194
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkq366
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896194
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20457744
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Dali+server%3A+conservation+mapping+in+3D.&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=Web+Server+issue&rft.pages=W545-9&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2896194&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20457744&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkq366&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Rosenstr%C3%B6m%2C+P&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2896194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-26
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-zhang2008_27-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680823
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sbi.2008.02.004
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680823
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436442
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr+Opin+Struct+Biol&rft.atitle=Progress+and+challenges+in+protein+structure+prediction&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=342-348&rft.date=2008&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2680823&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18436442&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sbi.2008.02.004&rft.au=Zhang+Y&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2680823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtein+structure Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-zhang2008-27
html
local
ol
class
references
html
local
div
class style
reflist mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns list-style-type: decimal;
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Further_reading
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit&section=20 Edit section: Further reading
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/psi/timeline_text.html
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/NIH mw-redirect NIH
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
a
id href
collapseButton0 #
html
local
span
class
collapseButton
html
local
abbr
title style
View this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template:Protein_topics Template:Protein topics
html
local
li
class
nv-view
html
local
abbr
title style
Discuss this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href class title
/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Protein_topics&action=edit&redlink=1 new Template talk:Protein topics (page does not exist)
html
local
li
class
nv-talk
html
local
abbr
title style
Edit this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Protein_topics&action=edit
html
local
li
class
nv-edit
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein Protein
html
local
div
id style
Proteins font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
html
local
th
scope class colspan
col navbox-title 2
html
local
tr
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis Protein biosynthesis
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Post-translational_modification Post-translational modification
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_folding Protein folding
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_targeting Protein targeting
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Proteome Proteome
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_methods Protein methods
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
class
mw-selflink selflink
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_domain Protein domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Proteasome Proteasome
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/List_of_types_of_proteins List of types of proteins
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/List_of_proteins List of proteins
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Membrane_protein Membrane protein
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Globular_protein Globular protein
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Globulin Globulin
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Edestin Edestin
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Albumin Albumin
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Scleroprotein Scleroprotein
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
a
id href
collapseButton1 #
html
local
span
class
collapseButton
html
local
abbr
title style
View this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template:Protein_methods Template:Protein methods
html
local
li
class
nv-view
html
local
abbr
title style
Discuss this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template_talk:Protein_methods Template talk:Protein methods
html
local
li
class
nv-talk
html
local
abbr
title style
Edit this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Protein_methods&action=edit
html
local
li
class
nv-edit
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein Protein
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_methods Protein methods
html
local
div
id style
Proteins:_key_methods_of_study font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
html
local
th
scope class colspan
col navbox-title 2
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Experiment Experiment
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_purification Protein purification
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein Green fluorescent protein
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Western_blot Western blot
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Immunostaining Immunostaining
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_sequencing Protein sequencing
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis_of_proteins Gel electrophoresis of proteins
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Immunoprecipitation Immunoprecipitation
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Peptide_mass_fingerprinting Peptide mass fingerprinting
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_mass_spectrometry Protein mass spectrometry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Dual-polarization_interferometry Dual-polarization interferometry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Microscale_thermophoresis Microscale thermophoresis
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chromatin_immunoprecipitation Chromatin immunoprecipitation
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Surface_plasmon_resonance Surface plasmon resonance
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Isothermal_titration_calorimetry Isothermal titration calorimetry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/X-ray_crystallography X-ray crystallography
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy_of_proteins Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Cryo-electron_microscopy mw-redirect Cryo-electron microscopy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Electron_microscope#Sample_preparation Electron microscope
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bioinformatics Bioinformatics
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure_prediction Protein structure prediction
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Macromolecular_docking Macromolecular docking
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Structural_alignment Structural alignment
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gene_ontology Gene ontology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93protein_interaction_prediction Protein–protein interaction prediction
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Assay Assay
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Enzyme_assay Enzyme assay
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bradford_protein_assay Bradford protein assay
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Secretion_assay Secretion assay
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bacterial_display Bacterial display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/MRNA_display MRNA display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Phage_display Phage display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ribosome_display Ribosome display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Yeast_display Yeast display
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Super-resolution_microscopy Super-resolution microscopy
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Photoactivated_localization_microscopy Photoactivated localization microscopy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Vertico_spatially_modulated_illumination Vertico spatially modulated illumination
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style id
nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit collapsibleTable1
html
local
div
role class aria-labelledby style
navigation navbox Proteins:_key_methods_of_study padding:3px
html
local
td
class colspan
navbox-abovebelow 2
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style id
nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit collapsibleTable0
html
local
div
role class aria-labelledby style
navigation navbox Proteins padding:3px
html
local
a
id href
collapseButton2 #
html
local
span
class
collapseButton
html
local
abbr
title style
View this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template:Protein_domains Template:Protein domains
html
local
li
class
nv-view
html
local
abbr
title style
Discuss this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template_talk:Protein_domains Template talk:Protein domains
html
local
li
class
nv-talk
html
local
abbr
title style
Edit this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Protein_domains&action=edit
html
local
li
class
nv-edit
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_domain Protein domain
html
local
div
id style
Protein_domains font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
html
local
th
scope class colspan
col navbox-title 2
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/BAR_domain BAR domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Inhibitor_of_apoptosis_domain Inhibitor of apoptosis domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/BZIP_domain BZIP domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/CARD_domain CARD domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/C1_domain C1 domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/C2_domain C2 domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Death_effector_domain Death effector domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/ENTH_domain ENTH domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/FYVE_domain FYVE domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/HEAT_repeat_domain mw-redirect HEAT repeat domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Kringle_domain Kringle domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/LIM_domain LIM domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Leucine-rich_repeat Leucine-rich repeat
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/NACHT_domain NACHT domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PAS_domain PAS domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PDZ_domain PDZ domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Pyrin_domain Pyrin domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Pleckstrin_homology_domain Pleckstrin homology domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PX_domain PX domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/SH2_domain SH2 domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/SH3_domain SH3 domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/SUN_domain SUN domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/CRAL-TRIO_domain CRAL-TRIO domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/WD40_repeat WD40 repeat
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Zinc_finger Zinc finger
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
colspan class style
2 navbox-list navbox-odd hlist width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style id
nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit collapsibleTable2
html
local
div
role class aria-labelledby style
navigation navbox Protein_domains padding:3px
html
local
a
id href
collapseButton3 #
html
local
span
class
collapseButton
html
local
abbr
title style
View this template ;background:#eee8aa;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template:Protein_structural_analysis Template:Protein structural analysis
html
local
li
class
nv-view
html
local
abbr
title style
Discuss this template ;background:#eee8aa;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template_talk:Protein_structural_analysis Template talk:Protein structural analysis
html
local
li
class
nv-talk
html
local
abbr
title style
Edit this template ;background:#eee8aa;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Protein_structural_analysis&action=edit
html
local
li
class
nv-edit
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
html
local
a
class
mw-selflink selflink
html
local
div
id style
Protein_structural_analysis font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
html
local
th
scope class colspan style
col navbox-title 2 background:#eee8aa;
html
local
tr
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Cryo-electron_microscopy mw-redirect Cryo-electron microscopy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/X-ray_crystallography X-ray crystallography
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy mw-redirect Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Electron_crystallography Electron crystallography
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Electron_paramagnetic_resonance Electron paramagnetic resonance
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Fiber_diffraction Fiber diffraction
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Mass_spectrometry Mass spectrometry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Biological_Small-Angle_X-ray_Scattering mw-redirect Biological Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy mw-redirect Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Circular_dichroism Circular dichroism
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Dual-polarization_interferometry Dual-polarization interferometry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Absorbance Absorbance
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Fluorescence Fluorescence
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Fluorescence_anisotropy Fluorescence anisotropy
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ultracentrifuge#Analytical_ultracentrifuge Ultracentrifuge
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Size_exclusion_chromatography mw-redirect Size exclusion chromatography
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Light_scattering mw-redirect Light scattering
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy mw-redirect Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Fluorescence_anisotropy Fluorescence anisotropy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Flow_birefringence Flow birefringence
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Dielectric_relaxation mw-redirect Dielectric relaxation
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy mw-redirect Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Hydrogen-deuterium_exchange mw-redirect Hydrogen-deuterium exchange
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Site-directed_mutagenesis Site-directed mutagenesis
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chemical_modification Chemical modification
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Equilibrium_unfolding Equilibrium unfolding
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%;background:#eee8aa;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure_prediction Protein structure prediction
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Docking_(molecular) Docking (molecular)
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_tertiary_structure Protein tertiary structure
html
local
div
style
float:left;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_quaternary_structure Protein quaternary structure
html
local
div
style
float:right;
html
local
div
html
local
td
class colspan style
navbox-abovebelow 2 background:#eee8aa;
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style id
nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit collapsibleTable3
html
local
div
role class aria-labelledby style
navigation navbox Protein_structural_analysis padding:3px
html
local
a
id href
collapseButton4 #
html
local
span
class
collapseButton
html
local
abbr
title style
View this template background:lightblue;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template:Biomolecular_structure Template:Biomolecular structure
html
local
li
class
nv-view
html
local
abbr
title style
Discuss this template background:lightblue;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href class title
/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Biomolecular_structure&action=edit&redlink=1 new Template talk:Biomolecular structure (page does not exist)
html
local
li
class
nv-talk
html
local
abbr
title style
Edit this template background:lightblue;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Biomolecular_structure&action=edit
html
local
li
class
nv-edit
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Biomolecular_structure Biomolecular structure
html
local
div
id style
Biomolecular_structure font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
html
local
th
scope class colspan style
col navbox-title 2 background:lightblue;
html
local
tr
html
local
a
class
mw-selflink selflink
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group background:lightblue;;width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_primary_structure Protein primary structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_secondary_structure Protein secondary structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_tertiary_structure Protein tertiary structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_quaternary_structure Protein quaternary structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure#Protein_structure_determination Protein structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure_prediction Protein structure prediction
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_design Protein design
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Protein_thermodynamics mw-redirect Protein thermodynamics
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure Nucleic acid structure
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group background:lightblue;;width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence Nucleic acid sequence
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_secondary_structure Nucleic acid secondary structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_tertiary_structure Nucleic acid tertiary structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_quaternary_structure Nucleic acid quaternary structure
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure_determination Nucleic acid structure determination
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure_prediction Nucleic acid structure prediction
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_design Nucleic acid design
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics Nucleic acid thermodynamics
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group background:lightblue;;width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein Protein
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_domain Protein domain
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_engineering Protein engineering
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid Nucleic acid
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/DNA DNA
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/RNA RNA
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nucleic_acid_double_helix Nucleic acid double helix
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style id
nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit collapsibleTable4
html
local
div
role class aria-labelledby style
navigation navbox Biomolecular_structure padding:3px
html
local
div
class
mw-parser-output
html
local
img
src alt title width height style
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1 1 1 border: none; position: absolute;
html
local
noscript
html
local
div
id lang dir class
mw-content-text en ltr mw-content-ltr
html
local
a
dir href
ltr https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&oldid=835457988
html
local
div
class
printfooter
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Category Help:Category
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Protein_structure Category:Protein structure
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class
mw-normal-catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2010 Category:Use dmy dates from September 2010
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements Category:All articles with unsourced statements
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2017 Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Articles_prone_to_spam_from_August_2014 Category:Articles prone to spam from August 2014
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class
mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden
html
local
div
id class data-mw
catlinks catlinks interface
html
local
div
class
visualClear
html
local
div
id class
bodyContent mw-body-content
html
local
div
id class role
content mw-body main
html
local
h2
html
local
h3
id
p-personal-label
html
local
li
id
pt-anonuserpage
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:MyTalk Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n] n
html
local
li
id
pt-anontalk
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:MyContributions A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y] y
html
local
li
id
pt-anoncontribs
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Protein+structure You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory
html
local
li
id
pt-createaccount
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Protein+structure You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o] o
html
local
li
id
pt-login
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-personal navigation p-personal-label
html
local
h3
id
p-namespaces-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Protein_structure View the content page [ctrl-alt-c] c
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-nstab-main selected
html
local
a
href rel title accesskey
/wiki/Talk:Protein_structure discussion Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t] t
html
local
span
html
local
li
id
ca-talk
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label
html
local
input
type class aria-labelledby
checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox p-variants-label
html
local
span
html
local
h3
id
p-variants-label
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
menu
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-variants navigation vectorMenu emptyPortlet p-variants-label
html
local
div
id
left-navigation
html
local
h3
id
p-views-label
html
local
a
href
/wiki/Protein_structure
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-view collapsible selected
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=edit Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e] e
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-edit collapsible
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=history Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h] h
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-history collapsible
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label
html
local
input
type class aria-labelledby
checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox p-cactions-label
html
local
span
html
local
h3
id
p-cactions-label
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
menu
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-cactions navigation vectorMenu emptyPortlet p-cactions-label
html
local
label
for
searchInput
html
local
h3
html
local
div
id role
p-search search
html
local
div
id
right-navigation
html
local
div
id
mw-head
html
local
a
class href title
mw-wiki-logo /wiki/Main_Page Visit the main page
html
local
div
id role
p-logo banner
html
local
h3
id
p-navigation-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Main_Page Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z] z
html
local
li
id
n-mainpage-description
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Contents Guides to browsing Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-contents
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Featured_content Featured content – the best of Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-featuredcontent
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Current_events Find background information on current events
html
local
li
id
n-currentevents
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:Random Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x] x
html
local
li
id
n-randompage
html
local
a
href title
https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en Support us
html
local
li
id
n-sitesupport
html
local
a
href title
//shop.wikimedia.org Visit the Wikipedia store
html
local
li
id
n-shoplink
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label
html
local
h3
id
p-interaction-label
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Contents Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-help
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:About Find out about Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-aboutsite
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal About the project, what you can do, where to find things
html
local
li
id
n-portal
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:RecentChanges A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r] r
html
local
li
id
n-recentchanges
html
local
a
href title
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us How to contact Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-contactpage
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label
html
local
h3
id
p-tb-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Protein_structure List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j] j
html
local
li
id
t-whatlinkshere
html
local
a
href rel title accesskey
/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Protein_structure nofollow Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k] k
html
local
li
id
t-recentchangeslinked
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard Upload files [ctrl-alt-u] u
html
local
li
id
t-upload
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:SpecialPages A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q] q
html
local
li
id
t-specialpages
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&oldid=835457988 Permanent link to this revision of the page
html
local
li
id
t-permalink
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&action=info More information about this page
html
local
li
id
t-info
html
local
a
href title accesskey
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q735188 Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g] g
html
local
li
id
t-wikibase
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Protein_structure&id=835457988 Information on how to cite this page
html
local
li
id
t-cite
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-tb p-tb-label
html
local
h3
id
p-coll-print_export-label
html
local
a
href
/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Protein+structure
html
local
li
id
coll-create_a_book
html
local
a
href
/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Protein+structure&action=show-download-screen
html
local
li
id
coll-download-as-rdf2latex
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&printable=yes Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p] p
html
local
li
id
t-print
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-coll-print_export p-coll-print_export-label
html
local
h3
id
p-wikibase-otherprojects-label
html
local
a
href hreflang
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protein_structures en
html
local
li
class
wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label
html
local
button
class title
uls-settings-trigger Language settings
html
local
h3
id
p-lang-label
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86 بنية البروتين – Arabic ar ar interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ar
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinstruktur Proteinstruktur – German de de interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_de_las_prote%C3%ADnas Estructura de las proteínas – Spanish es es interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class title
interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle good article
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteina_strukturo Proteina strukturo – Esperanto eo eo interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86 ساختار پروتئین – Persian fa fa interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_des_prot%C3%A9ines Structure des protéines – French fr fr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrutura_das_prote%C3%ADnas Estrutura das proteínas – Galician gl gl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE प्रोटीन संरचना – Hindi hi hi interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-hi
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struttura_proteica Struttura proteica – Italian it it interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-it display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%86 Уургийн бүтэц – Mongolian mn mn interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiwitstructuur Eiwitstructuur – Dutch nl nl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%82%AF%E8%B3%AA%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0 タンパク質構造 – Japanese ja ja interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estructura_dei_prote%C3%AFnas Estructura dei proteïnas – Occitan oc oc interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2 Структура белков – Russian ru ru interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ru
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struktura_e_proteinave Struktura e proteinave – Albanian sq sq interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure Protein structure – Simple English simple simple interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0 Протеинска структура – Serbian sr sr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinska_struktura Proteinska struktura – Serbo-Croatian sh sh interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteiinin_rakenne Proteiinin rakenne – Finnish fi fi interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinstruktur Proteinstruktur – Swedish sv sv interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81 புரதக் கட்டமைப்பு – Tamil ta ta interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF మాంసకృత్తుల ఆకృతి – Telugu te te interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_yap%C4%B1s%C4%B1 Protein yapısı – Turkish tr tr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2 Структура білків – Ukrainian uk uk interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_protein Cấu trúc protein – Vietnamese vi vi interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class style
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi display: none;
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84 蛋白质结构 – Chinese zh zh interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh
html
local
button
class title
mw-interlanguage-selector mw-ui-button All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)
html
local
ul
html
local
a
href title class
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q735188#sitelinks-wikipedia Edit interlanguage links wbc-editpage
html
local
span
class
wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link
html
local
div
class
after-portlet after-portlet-lang
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-lang p-lang-label
html
local
div
id
mw-panel
html
local
div
id
mw-navigation
html
local
li
id
footer-info-lastmod
html
local
a
rel href
license //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License
html
local
a
rel href style
license //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ display:none;
html
local
a
href
//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use
html
local
a
href
//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy
html
local
a
href
//www.wikimediafoundation.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-info-copyright
html
local
ul
id
footer-info
html
local
a
href class title
https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy extiw wmf:Privacy policy
html
local
li
id
footer-places-privacy
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:About Wikipedia:About
html
local
li
id
footer-places-about
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer Wikipedia:General disclaimer
html
local
li
id
footer-places-disclaimer
html
local
a
href
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us
html
local
li
id
footer-places-contact
html
local
a
href
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute
html
local
li
id
footer-places-developers
html
local
a
href
https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Cookie_statement
html
local
li
id
footer-places-cookiestatement
html
local
a
href class
//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protein_structure&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle
html
local
li
id
footer-places-mobileview
html
local
a
href
#
html
local
li
style
display: none;
html
local
ul
id
footer-places
html
local
img
src srcset width height alt
/static/images/wikimedia-button.png /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x 88 31 Wikimedia Foundation
html
local
a
href
https://wikimediafoundation.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-copyrightico
html
local
img
src alt srcset width height
/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png Powered by MediaWiki /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x 88 31
html
local
a
href
//www.mediawiki.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-poweredbyico
html
local
ul
id class
footer-icons noprint
html
local
div
style
clear: both;
html
local
div
id role
footer contentinfo
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 10 8, 18 0, 26 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-mask
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 274 8, 282 0, 290 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-mask-flip
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 174 8, 182 0, 190 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-landscape-mask
html
local
polygon
points
0 0, 1000 0, 1000 242, 190 242, 182 250, 174 242, 0 242
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-landscape-mask-flip
html
local
defs
html
local
svg
xmlns width height
http://www.w3.org/2000/svg 0 0
html
local
div
id
mwe-popups-svg
html
local
div
class
suggestions-results
html
local
div
class
suggestions-special
html
local
div
class style
suggestions display: none; font-size: 13px;
html
local
body
class
mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Protein_structure rootpage-Protein_structure skin-vector action-view
html
local