Peptide mass fingerprinting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A typical workflow of a peptide mass fingerprinting experiment.
Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) (also known as protein fingerprinting) is an analytical technique for protein identification in which the unknown protein of interest is first cleaved into smaller peptides, whose absolute masses can be accurately measured with a mass spectrometer such as MALDI-TOF or ESI-TOF.[1] The method was developed in 1993 by several groups independently.[2][3][4][5][6] The peptide masses are compared to either a database containing known protein sequences or even the genome. This is achieved by using computer programs that translate the known genome of the organism into proteins, then theoretically cut the proteins into peptides, and calculate the absolute masses of the peptides from each protein. They then compare the masses of the peptides of the unknown protein to the theoretical peptide masses of each protein encoded in the genome. The results are statistically analyzed to find the best match.
The advantage of this method is that only the masses of the peptides have to be known. Time-consuming de novo peptide sequencing is then unnecessary. A disadvantage is that the protein sequence has to be present in the database of interest. Additionally most PMF algorithms assume that the peptides come from a single protein.[7] The presence of a mixture can significantly complicate the analysis and potentially compromise the results. Typical for the PMF based protein identification is the requirement for an isolated protein. Mixtures exceeding a number of 2-3 proteins typically require the additional use of MS/MS based protein identification to achieve sufficient specificity of identification (6). Therefore, the typical PMF samples are isolated proteins from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D gels) or isolated SDS-PAGE bands. Additional analyses by MS/MS can either be direct, e.g., MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis or downstream nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of gel spot eluates.[7][8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Sample preparation
3 Mass spectrometric analysis
4 Computational analysis
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Origins[edit]
Due to the long, tedious process of analyzing proteins, peptide mass fingerprinting was developed. Edman degradation was used in protein analysis, and it required almost an hour to analyze one amino acid residue.[9] SDS-PAGE was also used to separate proteins in very complex mixtures, which also employed methods of electroblotting and staining.[10] Then, bands would be extracted from the gel and sequenced, automatically. A recurring problem in the process was that interfering proteins would also purify with the protein of interest. The sequences of these interfering proteins were compiled into what came to known as the Dayhoff database.[11] Ultimately, having the sequences of these known protein contaminants in databases decreased instrument time and expenses involved in protein analysis.
Sample preparation[edit]
Protein samples can be derived from SDS-PAGE[7] or reversed phase HPLC, and are then subject to some chemical modifications. Disulfide bridges in proteins are reduced and cysteine amino acids are carbamidomethylated chemically or acrylamidated during the gel electrophoresis.
Then the proteins are cut into several fragments using proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin or Glu-C. A typical sample:protease ratio is 50:1. The proteolysis is typically carried out overnight and the resulting peptides are extracted with acetonitrile and dried under vacuum. The peptides are then dissolved in a small amount of distilled water or further concentrated and purified and are ready for mass spectrometric analysis.
Mass spectrometric analysis[edit]
The digested protein can be analyzed with different types of mass spectrometers such as ESI-TOF or MALDI-TOF. MALDI-TOF is often the preferred instrument because it allows a high sample throughput and several proteins can be analyzed in a single experiment, if complemented by MS/MS analysis. LC/ESI-MS and CE/ESI-MS are also great techniques for peptide mass fingerprinting.[12] [13]
A small fraction of the peptide (usually 1 microliter or less) is pipetted onto a MALDI target and a chemical called a matrix is added to the peptide mix. Common matrices are Sinapinic acid, Alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. The matrix molecules are required for the desorption of the peptide molecules. Matrix and peptide molecules co-crystallize on the MALDI target and are ready to be analyzed. There is one predominantly MALDI-MS sample preparation technique, namely dried droplet technique.[14] The target is inserted into the vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer and the desorption and ionisation of the polypeptide fragments is initiated by a pulsed laser beam which transfers high amounts of energy into the matrix molecules. The energy transfer is sufficient to promote the ionisation and transition of matrix molecules and peptides from the solid phase into the gas phase. The ions are accelerated in the electric field of the mass spectrometer and fly towards an ion detector where their arrival is detected as an electric signal. Their mass-to-charge ratio is proportional to their time of flight (TOF) in the drift tube and can be calculated accordingly.
Coupling ESI with capillary LC can separate peptides from protein digests, while obtaining their molecular masses at the same time.[15] Capillary electrophoresis coupled with ESI-MS is another technique; however, it works best when analyzing small amounts of proteins.[13]
Computational analysis[edit]
The mass spectrometric analysis produces a list of molecular weights of the fragments which is often called a peak list. The peptide masses are compared to protein databases such as Swissprot, which contain protein sequence information. Software performs in silico digests on proteins in the database with the same enzyme (e.g. trypsin) used in the chemical cleavage reaction. The mass of these peptide fragments is then calculated and compared to the peak list of measured peptide masses. The results are statistically analyzed and possible matches are returned in a results table.
See also[edit]
Protein mass spectrometry
Shotgun proteomics
Top-down proteomics
Bottom-up proteomics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Clauser KR, Baker P, Burlingame AL (1999). "Role of accurate mass measurement (+/- 10 ppm) in protein identification strategies employing MS or MS/MS and database searching". Anal. Chem. 71 (14): 2871–82. doi:10.1021/ac9810516. PMID 10424174.
Jump up ^ Pappin DJ, Hojrup P, Bleasby AJ (1993). "Rapid identification of proteins by peptide-mass fingerprinting". Curr. Biol. 3 (6): 327–32. doi:10.1016/0960-9822(93)90195-T. PMID 15335725.
Jump up ^ Henzel WJ, Billeci TM, Stults JT, Wong SC, Grimley C, Watanabe C (1993). "Identifying proteins from two-dimensional gels by molecular mass searching of peptide fragments in protein sequence databases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (11): 5011–5. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.5011H. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.5011. PMC 46643  . PMID 8506346.
Jump up ^ Mann M, Højrup P, Roepstorff P (1993). "Use of mass spectrometric molecular weight information to identify proteins in sequence databases". Biol. Mass Spectrom. 22 (6): 338–45. doi:10.1002/bms.1200220605. PMID 8329463.
Jump up ^ James P, Quadroni M, Carafoli E, Gonnet G (1993). "Protein identification by mass profile fingerprinting". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 195 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2009. PMID 8363627.
Jump up ^ Yates JR, Speicher S, Griffin PR, Hunkapiller T (1993). "Peptide mass maps: a highly informative approach to protein identification". Anal. Biochem. 214 (2): 397–408. doi:10.1006/abio.1993.1514. PMID 8109726.
^ Jump up to: a b c Shevchenko A, Jensen ON, Podtelejnikov AV, Sagliocco F, Wilm M, Vorm O, Mortensen P, Shevchenko A, Boucherie H, Mann M (1996). "Linking genome and proteome by mass spectrometry: large-scale identification of yeast proteins from two dimensional gels". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (25): 14440–5. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9314440S. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14440. PMC 26151  . PMID 8962070.
Jump up ^ Wang W, Sun J, Nimtz M, Deckwer WD, Zeng AP (2003). "Protein identification from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae by combined use of mass spectrometry data and raw genome sequences". Proteome Science. 1 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/1477-5956-1-6. PMC 317362  . PMID 14653859.
Jump up ^ Henzel, William J.; Watanabe, Colin; Stults, John T. (2003-09-01). "Protein identification: The origins of peptide mass fingerprinting". Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 14 (9): 931–942. doi:10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00214-9. ISSN 1044-0305.
Jump up ^ Matsudaira, P. (1987-07-25). "Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 262 (21): 10035–10038. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 3611052.
Jump up ^ B C Orcutt; D G George; Dayhoff, and M. O. (1983). "Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequence Database Systems". Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering. 12 (1): 419–441. doi:10.1146/annurev.bb.12.060183.002223. PMID 6347043.
Jump up ^ Moore, R. E.; Licklider, L.; Schumann, D.; Lee, T. D. (1998-12-01). "A microscale electrospray interface incorporating a monolithic, poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) support for on-line liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptides and proteins". Analytical Chemistry. 70 (23): 4879–4884. ISSN 0003-2700. PMID 9852776.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitmore, Colin D.; Gennaro, Lynn A. (2012-06-01). "Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry methods for tryptic peptide mapping of therapeutic antibodies". Electrophoresis. 33 (11): 1550–1556. doi:10.1002/elps.201200066. ISSN 1522-2683.
Jump up ^ Thiede, Bernd (2005). "Peptide mass fingerprinting". Methods. 35 (3): 237–247. doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2004.08.015 – via Elsevier.
Jump up ^ Dass, Chhabil. Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry | Wiley Online Books. doi:10.1002/0470118490.
External links[edit]
Library resources about
Peptide mass fingerprinting
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
[hide]
v
t
e
Proteins: key methods of study
Experimental
Protein purification
Green fluorescent protein
Western blot
Protein immunostaining
Protein sequencing
Gel electrophoresis/Protein electrophoresis
Protein immunoprecipitation
Peptide mass fingerprinting/Protein mass spectrometry
Dual-polarization interferometry
Microscale thermophoresis
Chromatin immunoprecipitation
Surface plasmon resonance
Isothermal titration calorimetry
X-ray crystallography
Protein NMR
Cryo-electron microscopy
Freeze-fracture electron microscopy
Bioinformatics
Protein structure prediction
Protein–protein docking
Protein structural alignment
Protein ontology
Protein–protein interaction prediction
Assay
Enzyme assay
Protein assay
Secretion assay
Display techniques
Bacterial display
mRNA display
Phage display
Ribosome display
Yeast display
Super-resolution microscopy
Photoactivated localization microscopy
Vertico SMI
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&oldid=838448080"
Categories:
Protein methods
Laboratory techniques
Mass spectrometry
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Español
日本語
Српски / srpski
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 April 2018, at 02:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

div
id class
mw-page-base noprint
html
local
div
id class
mw-head-base noprint
html
local
a
id
top
html
local
div
id class
siteNotice centralNotice mw-body-content
html
local
div
class
mw-indicators mw-body-content
html
local
h1
id class lang
firstHeading firstHeading en
html
local
div
id class
siteSub noprint
html
local
div
id
contentSub
html
local
a
href
#mw-head
html
local
a
href
#p-search
html
local
div
id class
jump-to-nav mw-jump
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Peptide_mass_fig.jpg/300px-Peptide_mass_fig.jpg 300 296 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Peptide_mass_fig.jpg/450px-Peptide_mass_fig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Peptide_mass_fig.jpg/600px-Peptide_mass_fig.jpg 2x 672 664
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Peptide_mass_fig.jpg image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Peptide_mass_fig.jpg internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption magnify
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:302px;
html
local
b
html
local
b
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein Protein
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Peptides mw-redirect Peptides
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Mass_spectrometer mw-redirect Mass spectrometer
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/MALDI-TOF mw-redirect MALDI-TOF
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Electrospray Electrospray
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid10424174-1
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid10424174_1-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid15335725-2
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid15335725_2-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid8506346-3
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid8506346_3-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid8329463-4
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid8329463_4-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid8363627-5
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid8363627_5-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid8109726-6
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid8109726_6-0 reference
html
local
br
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/De_novo_peptide_sequencing De novo peptide sequencing
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid8962070-7
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid8962070_7-0 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/MS/MS mw-redirect MS/MS
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Two-dimensional_gel_electrophoresis Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/MS/MS mw-redirect MS/MS
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid8962070-7
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid8962070_7-1 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid14653859-8
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid14653859_8-0 reference
html
local
p
html
local
p
html
local
h2
html
local
a
role tabindex class
button 0 togglelink
html
local
span
class
toctoggle
html
local
div
class dir
toctitle ltr
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Origins
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-1
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Sample_preparation
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-2
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Mass_spectrometric_analysis
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-3
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Computational_analysis
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-4
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#See_also
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-5
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#References
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-6
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#External_links
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-7
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class
toc toc
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Origins
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit&section=1 Edit section: Origins
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Edman_degradation Edman degradation
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-9
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-9 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-10
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-10 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-11
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-11 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Sample_preparation
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit&section=2 Edit section: Sample preparation
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-pmid8962070-7
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-pmid8962070_7-2 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Reversed_phase_HPLC mw-redirect Reversed phase HPLC
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Trypsin Trypsin
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Glutamyl_endopeptidase_GluV8 Glutamyl endopeptidase GluV8
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ratio Ratio
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Acetonitrile Acetonitrile
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Mass_spectrometric_analysis
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit&section=3 Edit section: Mass spectrometric analysis
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/MALDI-TOF mw-redirect MALDI-TOF
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/MS/MS mw-redirect MS/MS
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-12
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-12 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-:0-13
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-:0_13-0 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Pipette Pipette
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/MALDI_matrix mw-redirect MALDI matrix
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Sinapinic_acid Sinapinic acid
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic_acid Alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic_acid 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Desorption Desorption
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-14
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-14 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Time-of-flight mw-redirect Time-of-flight
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-15
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-15 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Capillary_electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-:0-13
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-:0_13-1 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Computational_analysis
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit&section=4 Edit section: Computational analysis
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Swissprot mw-redirect Swissprot
html
local
i
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline See_also
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit&section=5 Edit section: See also
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_mass_spectrometry Protein mass spectrometry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Shotgun_proteomics Shotgun proteomics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Top-down_proteomics Top-down proteomics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bottom-up_proteomics Bottom-up proteomics
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline References
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit&section=6 Edit section: References
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid10424174_1-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1021%2Fac9810516
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10424174
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anal.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Role+of+accurate+mass+measurement+%28%2B%2F-+10+ppm%29+in+protein+identification+strategies+employing+MS+or+MS%2FMS+and+database+searching&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=2871-82&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fac9810516&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10424174&rft.aulast=Clauser&rft.aufirst=KR&rft.au=Baker%2C+P&rft.au=Burlingame%2C+AL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid10424174-1
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid15335725_2-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2F0960-9822%2893%2990195-T
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15335725
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr.+Biol.&rft.atitle=Rapid+identification+of+proteins+by+peptide-mass+fingerprinting&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=327-32&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0960-9822%2893%2990195-T&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15335725&rft.aulast=Pappin&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Hojrup%2C+P&rft.au=Bleasby%2C+AJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid15335725-2
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid8506346_3-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC46643
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bibcode Bibcode
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993PNAS...90.5011H
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.90.11.5011
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC46643
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8506346
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Identifying+proteins+from+two-dimensional+gels+by+molecular+mass+searching+of+peptide+fragments+in+protein+sequence+databases&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=5011-5&rft.date=1993&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC46643&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8506346&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.90.11.5011&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993PNAS...90.5011H&rft.aulast=Henzel&rft.aufirst=WJ&rft.au=Billeci%2C+TM&rft.au=Stults%2C+JT&rft.au=Wong%2C+SC&rft.au=Grimley%2C+C&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+C&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC46643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid8506346-3
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid8329463_4-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1002%2Fbms.1200220605
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8329463
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biol.+Mass+Spectrom.&rft.atitle=Use+of+mass+spectrometric+molecular+weight+information+to+identify+proteins+in+sequence+databases&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=338-45&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fbms.1200220605&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8329463&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=H%C3%B8jrup%2C+P&rft.au=Roepstorff%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid8329463-4
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid8363627_5-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1006%2Fbbrc.1993.2009
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8363627
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochem.+Biophys.+Res.+Commun.&rft.atitle=Protein+identification+by+mass+profile+fingerprinting&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=58-64&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fbbrc.1993.2009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8363627&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Quadroni%2C+M&rft.au=Carafoli%2C+E&rft.au=Gonnet%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid8363627-5
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid8109726_6-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1006%2Fabio.1993.1514
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8109726
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anal.+Biochem.&rft.atitle=Peptide+mass+maps%3A+a+highly+informative+approach+to+protein+identification&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=397-408&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fabio.1993.1514&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8109726&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=JR&rft.au=Speicher%2C+S&rft.au=Griffin%2C+PR&rft.au=Hunkapiller%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid8109726-6
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid8962070_7-0
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid8962070_7-1
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid8962070_7-2
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC26151
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bibcode Bibcode
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PNAS...9314440S
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.93.25.14440
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC26151
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8962070
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Linking+genome+and+proteome+by+mass+spectrometry%3A+large-scale+identification+of+yeast+proteins+from+two+dimensional+gels&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=14440-5&rft.date=1996&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC26151&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8962070&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.93.25.14440&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996PNAS...9314440S&rft.aulast=Shevchenko&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Jensen%2C+ON&rft.au=Podtelejnikov%2C+AV&rft.au=Sagliocco%2C+F&rft.au=Wilm%2C+M&rft.au=Vorm%2C+O&rft.au=Mortensen%2C+P&rft.au=Shevchenko%2C+A&rft.au=Boucherie%2C+H&rft.au=Mann%2C+M&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC26151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid8962070-7
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-pmid14653859_8-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC317362
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1186%2F1477-5956-1-6
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/PubMed_Central PubMed Central
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC317362
html
local
img
alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Freely accessible //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png Freely accessible 9 14 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x 512 813
html
local
span
class
plainlinks
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653859
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteome+Science&rft.atitle=Protein+identification+from+two-dimensional+gel+electrophoresis+analysis+of+Klebsiella+pneumoniae+by+combined+use+of+mass+spectrometry+data+and+raw+genome+sequences&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2003&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC317362&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14653859&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1477-5956-1-6&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=W&rft.au=Sun%2C+J&rft.au=Nimtz%2C+M&rft.au=Deckwer%2C+WD&rft.au=Zeng%2C+AP&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC317362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-pmid14653859-8
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-9
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://link.springer.com/article/10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00214-9
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2FS1044-0305%2803%2900214-9
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1044-0305
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Society+for+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Protein+identification%3A+The+origins+of+peptide+mass+fingerprinting&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=931-942&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1044-0305%2803%2900214-9&rft.issn=1044-0305&rft.aulast=Henzel&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+Colin&rft.au=Stults%2C+John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1016%2FS1044-0305%2803%2900214-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-9
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-10
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3611052
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9258
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3611052
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Sequence+from+picomole+quantities+of+proteins+electroblotted+onto+polyvinylidene+difluoride+membranes&rft.volume=262&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=10035-10038&rft.date=1987-07-25&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3611052&rft.issn=0021-9258&rft.aulast=Matsudaira&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F3611052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-10
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-11
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bb.12.060183.002223
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.bb.12.060183.002223
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6347043
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Biophysics+and+Bioengineering&rft.atitle=Protein+and+Nucleic+Acid+Sequence+Database+Systems&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=419-441&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.bb.12.060183.002223&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6347043&rft.au=B+C+Orcutt&rft.au=D+G+George&rft.au=Dayhoff%2C+and+M.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.bb.12.060183.002223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-11
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-12
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9852776
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-2700
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier mw-redirect PubMed Identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9852776
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+microscale+electrospray+interface+incorporating+a+monolithic%2C+poly%28styrene-divinylbenzene%29+support+for+on-line+liquid+chromatography%2Ftandem+mass+spectrometry+analysis+of+peptides+and+proteins&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=4879-4884&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9852776&rft.issn=0003-2700&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rft.au=Licklider%2C+L.&rft.au=Schumann%2C+D.&rft.au=Lee%2C+T.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%2F9852776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-12
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-:0_13-0
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-:0_13-1
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/elps.201200066
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1002%2Felps.201200066
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1522-2683
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrophoresis&rft.atitle=Capillary+electrophoresis-mass+spectrometry+methods+for+tryptic+peptide+mapping+of+therapeutic+antibodies&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1550-1556&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Felps.201200066&rft.issn=1522-2683&rft.aulast=Whitmore&rft.aufirst=Colin+D.&rft.au=Gennaro%2C+Lynn+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2Felps.201200066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-:0-13
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-14
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ymeth.2004.08.015
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods&rft.atitle=Peptide+mass+fingerprinting&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=237-247&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ymeth.2004.08.015&rft.aulast=Thiede&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-14
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-15
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/0470118490
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1002%2F0470118490
html
local
cite
class
citation book
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Contemporary+Mass+Spectrometry+%7C+Wiley+Online+Books&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F0470118490&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=Chhabil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.wiley.com%2F10.1002%2F0470118490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeptide+mass+fingerprinting Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-15
html
local
ol
class
references
html
local
div
class style
reflist mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns list-style-type: decimal;
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline External_links
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit&section=7 Edit section: External links
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Wikipedia:LIBRARY mw-redirect Wikipedia:LIBRARY
html
local
br
html
local
b
html
local
hr
html
local
td
style
padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em
html
local
tr
html
local
a
class href
external text //tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Peptide+mass+fingerprinting
html
local
li
html
local
a
class href
external text //tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Peptide+mass+fingerprinting&library=0CHOOSE0
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
td
class style
plainlist padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;text-align:left;
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style
vertical-navbox nowraplinks infobox float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%
html
local
a
id href
collapseButton0 #
html
local
span
class
collapseButton
html
local
abbr
title style
View this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template:Protein_methods Template:Protein methods
html
local
li
class
nv-view
html
local
abbr
title style
Discuss this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template_talk:Protein_methods Template talk:Protein methods
html
local
li
class
nv-talk
html
local
abbr
title style
Edit this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Protein_methods&action=edit
html
local
li
class
nv-edit
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein Protein
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_methods Protein methods
html
local
div
id style
Proteins:_key_methods_of_study font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
html
local
th
scope class colspan
col navbox-title 2
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Experiment Experiment
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_purification Protein purification
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein Green fluorescent protein
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Western_blot Western blot
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Immunostaining Immunostaining
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_sequencing Protein sequencing
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis_of_proteins Gel electrophoresis of proteins
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Immunoprecipitation Immunoprecipitation
html
local
li
html
local
a
class
mw-selflink selflink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_mass_spectrometry Protein mass spectrometry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Dual-polarization_interferometry Dual-polarization interferometry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Microscale_thermophoresis Microscale thermophoresis
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chromatin_immunoprecipitation Chromatin immunoprecipitation
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Surface_plasmon_resonance Surface plasmon resonance
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Isothermal_titration_calorimetry Isothermal titration calorimetry
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/X-ray_crystallography X-ray crystallography
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy_of_proteins Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Cryo-electron_microscopy mw-redirect Cryo-electron microscopy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Electron_microscope#Sample_preparation Electron microscope
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bioinformatics Bioinformatics
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein_structure_prediction Protein structure prediction
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Macromolecular_docking Macromolecular docking
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Structural_alignment Structural alignment
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gene_ontology Gene ontology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Protein%E2%80%93protein_interaction_prediction Protein–protein interaction prediction
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Assay Assay
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Enzyme_assay Enzyme assay
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bradford_protein_assay Bradford protein assay
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Secretion_assay Secretion assay
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bacterial_display Bacterial display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/MRNA_display MRNA display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Phage_display Phage display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ribosome_display Ribosome display
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Yeast_display Yeast display
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Super-resolution_microscopy Super-resolution microscopy
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Photoactivated_localization_microscopy Photoactivated localization microscopy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Vertico_spatially_modulated_illumination Vertico spatially modulated illumination
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd hlist text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style id
nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit collapsibleTable0
html
local
div
role class aria-labelledby style
navigation navbox Proteins:_key_methods_of_study padding:3px
html
local
div
class
mw-parser-output
html
local
img
src alt title width height style
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1 1 1 border: none; position: absolute;
html
local
noscript
html
local
div
id lang dir class
mw-content-text en ltr mw-content-ltr
html
local
a
dir href
ltr https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&oldid=838448080
html
local
div
class
printfooter
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Category Help:Category
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Protein_methods Category:Protein methods
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Laboratory_techniques Category:Laboratory techniques
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Mass_spectrometry Category:Mass spectrometry
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class data-mw
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks catlinks mw-normal-catlinks interface
html
local
div
class
visualClear
html
local
div
id class
bodyContent mw-body-content
html
local
div
id class role
content mw-body main
html
local
h2
html
local
h3
id
p-personal-label
html
local
li
id
pt-anonuserpage
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:MyTalk Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n] n
html
local
li
id
pt-anontalk
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:MyContributions A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y] y
html
local
li
id
pt-anoncontribs
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Peptide+mass+fingerprinting You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory
html
local
li
id
pt-createaccount
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Peptide+mass+fingerprinting You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o] o
html
local
li
id
pt-login
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-personal navigation p-personal-label
html
local
h3
id
p-namespaces-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Peptide_mass_fingerprinting View the content page [ctrl-alt-c] c
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-nstab-main selected
html
local
a
href rel title accesskey
/wiki/Talk:Peptide_mass_fingerprinting discussion Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t] t
html
local
span
html
local
li
id
ca-talk
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label
html
local
input
type class aria-labelledby
checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox p-variants-label
html
local
span
html
local
h3
id
p-variants-label
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
menu
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-variants navigation vectorMenu emptyPortlet p-variants-label
html
local
div
id
left-navigation
html
local
h3
id
p-views-label
html
local
a
href
/wiki/Peptide_mass_fingerprinting
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-view collapsible selected
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=edit Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e] e
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-edit collapsible
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=history Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h] h
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-history collapsible
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label
html
local
input
type class aria-labelledby
checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox p-cactions-label
html
local
span
html
local
h3
id
p-cactions-label
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
menu
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-cactions navigation vectorMenu emptyPortlet p-cactions-label
html
local
label
for
searchInput
html
local
h3
html
local
div
id role
p-search search
html
local
div
id
right-navigation
html
local
div
id
mw-head
html
local
a
class href title
mw-wiki-logo /wiki/Main_Page Visit the main page
html
local
div
id role
p-logo banner
html
local
h3
id
p-navigation-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Main_Page Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z] z
html
local
li
id
n-mainpage-description
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Contents Guides to browsing Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-contents
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Featured_content Featured content – the best of Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-featuredcontent
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Current_events Find background information on current events
html
local
li
id
n-currentevents
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:Random Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x] x
html
local
li
id
n-randompage
html
local
a
href title
https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en Support us
html
local
li
id
n-sitesupport
html
local
a
href title
//shop.wikimedia.org Visit the Wikipedia store
html
local
li
id
n-shoplink
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label
html
local
h3
id
p-interaction-label
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Contents Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-help
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:About Find out about Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-aboutsite
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal About the project, what you can do, where to find things
html
local
li
id
n-portal
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:RecentChanges A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r] r
html
local
li
id
n-recentchanges
html
local
a
href title
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us How to contact Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-contactpage
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label
html
local
h3
id
p-tb-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Peptide_mass_fingerprinting List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j] j
html
local
li
id
t-whatlinkshere
html
local
a
href rel title accesskey
/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Peptide_mass_fingerprinting nofollow Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k] k
html
local
li
id
t-recentchangeslinked
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard Upload files [ctrl-alt-u] u
html
local
li
id
t-upload
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:SpecialPages A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q] q
html
local
li
id
t-specialpages
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&oldid=838448080 Permanent link to this revision of the page
html
local
li
id
t-permalink
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&action=info More information about this page
html
local
li
id
t-info
html
local
a
href title accesskey
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5968721 Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g] g
html
local
li
id
t-wikibase
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&id=838448080 Information on how to cite this page
html
local
li
id
t-cite
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-tb p-tb-label
html
local
h3
id
p-coll-print_export-label
html
local
a
href
/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Peptide+mass+fingerprinting
html
local
li
id
coll-create_a_book
html
local
a
href
/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Peptide+mass+fingerprinting&action=show-download-screen
html
local
li
id
coll-download-as-rdf2latex
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&printable=yes Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p] p
html
local
li
id
t-print
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-coll-print_export p-coll-print_export-label
html
local
button
class title
uls-settings-trigger Language settings
html
local
h3
id
p-lang-label
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidmassenfingerprint Peptidmassenfingerprint – German de de interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huella_pept%C3%ADdica Huella peptídica – Spanish es es interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-es
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%97%E3%83%81%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0 ペプチドマスフィンガープリンティング – Japanese ja ja interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidni_maseni_otisci_prstiju Peptidni maseni otisci prstiju – Serbian sr sr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
html
local
ul
html
local
a
href title class
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5968721#sitelinks-wikipedia Edit interlanguage links wbc-editpage
html
local
span
class
wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link
html
local
div
class
after-portlet after-portlet-lang
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-lang p-lang-label
html
local
div
id
mw-panel
html
local
div
id
mw-navigation
html
local
li
id
footer-info-lastmod
html
local
a
rel href
license //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License
html
local
a
rel href style
license //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ display:none;
html
local
a
href
//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use
html
local
a
href
//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy
html
local
a
href
//www.wikimediafoundation.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-info-copyright
html
local
ul
id
footer-info
html
local
a
href class title
https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy extiw wmf:Privacy policy
html
local
li
id
footer-places-privacy
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:About Wikipedia:About
html
local
li
id
footer-places-about
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer Wikipedia:General disclaimer
html
local
li
id
footer-places-disclaimer
html
local
a
href
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us
html
local
li
id
footer-places-contact
html
local
a
href
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute
html
local
li
id
footer-places-developers
html
local
a
href
https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Cookie_statement
html
local
li
id
footer-places-cookiestatement
html
local
a
href class
//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peptide_mass_fingerprinting&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle
html
local
li
id
footer-places-mobileview
html
local
a
href
#
html
local
li
style
display: none;
html
local
ul
id
footer-places
html
local
img
src srcset width height alt
/static/images/wikimedia-button.png /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x 88 31 Wikimedia Foundation
html
local
a
href
https://wikimediafoundation.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-copyrightico
html
local
img
src alt srcset width height
/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png Powered by MediaWiki /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x 88 31
html
local
a
href
//www.mediawiki.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-poweredbyico
html
local
ul
id class
footer-icons noprint
html
local
div
style
clear: both;
html
local
div
id role
footer contentinfo
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 10 8, 18 0, 26 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-mask
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 274 8, 282 0, 290 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-mask-flip
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 174 8, 182 0, 190 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-landscape-mask
html
local
polygon
points
0 0, 1000 0, 1000 242, 190 242, 182 250, 174 242, 0 242
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-landscape-mask-flip
html
local
defs
html
local
svg
xmlns width height
http://www.w3.org/2000/svg 0 0
html
local
div
id
mwe-popups-svg
html
local
div
class
suggestions-results
html
local
div
class
suggestions-special
html
local
div
class style
suggestions display: none; font-size: 13px;
html
local
body
class
mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Peptide_mass_fingerprinting rootpage-Peptide_mass_fingerprinting skin-vector action-view
html
local