Cremaster muscle
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Cremaster muscle
The cremaster muscle appears as a thin layer just superficial to the tunica vaginalis.
Details
Origin
Inguinal ligament
Insertion
Tunica vaginalis
Artery
Cremasteric artery
Nerve
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Actions
raise and lower the scrotum
Identifiers
Latin
musculus cremaster
Dorlands
/Elsevier
m_22/12548678
TA
A04.5.01.018
FMA
21531
Anatomical terms of muscle
[edit on Wikidata]
The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis and the spermatic cord.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Blood supply
1.2 Innervation
1.3 Development
2 Function
2.1 Retraction
3 Clinical relevance
4 History
5 Additional images
6 References
7 External links
Structure[edit]
In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of skeletal muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord. The cremaster muscle is a paired structure, there being one on each side of the body.
Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscle originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of the inguinal ligament. The medial cremaster muscle, which sometimes is absent, originates from the pubic tubercle and sometimes the lateral pubic crest. Both insert into the tunica vaginalis underneath the testis.
Blood supply[edit]
The cremaster muscle is supplied by the cremasteric artery which is a branch of inferior epigastric artery.
Innervation[edit]
The cremaster muscle is innervated from the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. It receives distinctly different innervation and vascular supply in comparison to the internal oblique.
Development[edit]
The cremaster develops to its full extent only in males; in females it is represented by only a few muscle loops.
In female humans, the cremaster muscle is smaller and is found on the round ligament.
In rats, it has been shown that cremaster muscles developed from the gubernacular bulb.[1]
Function[edit]
Retraction[edit]
The cremaster muscle's function is to raise and lower the testes in order to regulate scrotal temperature for optimal spermatogenesis and survival of the resultant spermatozoa. It does this by increasing or decreasing the exposed surface area of the surrounding tissue, allowing faster or slower dissipation of body heat.
The cremaster muscle is an involuntary muscle and contraction can occur during arousal which can prevent injury to the testicles during sex.[citation needed]
Retraction can also occur during moments of extreme fear, possibly to help avoid injuring the testes while dealing with a fight or flight situation.[citation needed]
Clinically, a reflex arc termed the cremasteric reflex can be demonstrated by lightly stroking the skin of the inner thigh downwards from the hip towards the knee. This stimulates the sensory fibers of the ilioinguinal nerve, which enters the spinal cord at L1. The sensory fibers stimulate the motor fibers of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (also at spinal level L1), which provides innervation to the cremaster muscles causing the contraction of the muscle and elevation of the testes. This causes the cremaster muscle on the same side to rapidly contract, raising the testicle.[citation needed]
The cremaster can also be contracted voluntarily, by performing Kegels (which somehow contracts the cremaster), or by flexing and tightening the abdominal muscles.
Clinical relevance[edit]
The cremaster muscle occasionally experiences painful spasms or cramps in adult males which can be chronic and debilitating. Treatment for these spasms ranges from minor surgery to injection with botulinum-a toxin to the regular application of heat to relax the muscle. Surgery, including the excision of the cremaster muscle, has apparently been able to provide complete relief from this condition without significant side effects.[2][3]
History[edit]
The word is derived from the transitive Greek verb "I hang" (Greek: κρεμάννυμι).
Additional images[edit]
The scrotum.
The right testis, exposed by laying open the tunica vaginalis.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hrabovszky, Z.; Pilla, N. D.; Yap, T.; Farmer, P. J.; Hutson, J. M.; Carlin, J. B. (2002). "Role of the gubernacular bulb in cremaster muscle development of the rat". The Anatomical Record. 267 (2): 159–165. doi:10.1002/ar.10092. PMID 11997885.
Jump up ^ Baty, John A. (5 May 1956). "Cremasteric cramp with testicular retraction" (PDF). British Medical Journal. 1 (4974): 1014–1015. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4974.1014. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1979762  . PMID 13304412. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Mori, Ryan; Sandip Vasavada; Diana Baker; Edmund Sabanegh Jr (July 2011). "Treatment of debilitating cremasteric synkinesia With intracremasteric botulinum-a toxin injections". Urology. Cleveland, OH: Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute. 78 (1): 214–216. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2011.03.011. ISSN 0090-4295. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
External links[edit]
Anatomy photo:36:07-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Inguinal Region, Scrotum and Testes: Layers of the Spermatic Cord"
[hide]
v
t
e
Muscles and ligaments of abdomen and pelvis
Abdominal wall
Anterior/
lateral
Muscle
Abdominal external oblique
Transverse abdominal
Conjoint tendon
Rectus sheath
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
Arcuate line
Tendinous intersection
Cremaster
Abdominal internal oblique
Fascia
Abdominal fascia
panniculus adiposus
Fascia of Camper
Membranous layer
Fascia of Scarpa
Transverse fascia
Interfoveolar ligament
Linea alba
Linea semilunaris
Inguinal
Inguinal triangle
Inguinal canal
Deep inguinal ring
Superficial inguinal ring
Intercrural fibers
Crura of superficial inguinal ring
Inguinal ligament
Pectineal ligament
Lacunar ligament
Reflected ligament
Posterior
Muscle
quadratus lumborum
Iliopsoas
psoas major
psoas minor
iliacus
Fascia
Iliac fascia
Iliopectineal arch
Pelvis
Muscle
levator ani
iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis
coccygeus
rectococcygeus
Fascia
pelvic fascia
Visceral
Rectovaginal fascia
Rectoprostatic fascia
Parietal
Obturator fascia
Tendinous arch
Piriformis fascia
floor
superior fascia
Pubovesical ligament
Puboprostatic ligament
inferior fascia
Anococcygeal body
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cremaster_muscle&oldid=815367425"
Categories:
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