Information system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
The lead section of this article may need to be rewritten. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. Use the lead layout guide to ensure the section follows Wikipedia's norms and to be inclusive of all essential details. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. Such statements should be clarified or removed. (April 2017)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
An information system (IS) is an organized system for the collection, organization, storage and communication of information. More specifically, it is the study of complementary networks that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data.[according to whom?]
"An information system (IS) is a group of components that interact to produce information."[1]
A computer information system is a system composed of people and computers that processes or interprets information.[2][3][4][5] The term is also sometimes used in more restricted senses to refer to only the software used to run a computerized database or to refer to only a computer system.
Information Systems is an academic study of systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data. An emphasis is placed on an information system having a definitive boundary, users, processors, storage, inputs, outputs and the aforementioned communication networks.[6]
Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision-making.[7][8] An information system is the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, and also the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.[9]
Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes.[10]
Alter[11][12] argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans or machines perform processes and activities using resources to produce specific products or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying information.[13]
As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action.
Information systems are the primary focus of study for organizational informatics.[14]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Types of information system
3 Information system development
4 As an academic discipline
4.1 Differentiating IS from related disciplines
5 Career pathways
6 Research
7 The impact on economic models
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Overview[edit]
Silver et al. (1995) provided two views on IS that includes software, hardware, data, people, and procedures.[15] Zheng provided another system view of information system which also adds processes and essential system elements like environment, boundary, purpose, and interactions. The Association for Computing Machinery defines "Information systems specialists [as] focus[ing] on integrating information technology solutions and business processes to meet the information needs of businesses and other enterprises."[16]
There are various types of information systems, for example: transaction processing systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, learning management systems, database management systems, and office information systems. Critical to most information systems are information technologies, which are typically designed to enable humans to perform tasks for which the human brain is not well suited, such as: handling large amounts of information, performing complex calculations, and controlling many simultaneous processes.
Information technologies are a very important and malleable resource available to executives.[17] Many companies have created a position of chief information officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), and chief technical officer (CTO). The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa. The chief information security officer (CISO) focuses on information security management.
The six components that must come together in order to produce an information system are: (Information systems are organizational procedures and do not need a computer or software, this data is erroneous) (IE, an accounting system in the 1400s using ledger and ink utilizes an information system)
Hardware: The term hardware refers to machinery. This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of its support equipment. Among the support, equipment are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices.
Software: The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the system to function in ways that produce useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input/output medium, often a disk or tape.
Data: Data are facts that are used by programs to produce useful information. Like programs, data are generally stored in machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them.
Procedures: Procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. "Procedures are to people what software is to hardware" is a common analogy that is used to illustrate the role of procedures in a system.
People: Every system needs people if it is to be useful. Often the most overlooked element of the system are the people, probably the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems. This includes "not only the users, but those who operate and service the computers, those who maintain the data, and those who support the network of computers." <Kroenke, D. M. (2015). MIS Essentials. Pearson Education>
Feedback: it is another component of the IS, that defines that an IS may be provided with a feedback (Although this component isn't necessary to function).
Data is the bridge between hardware and people. This means that the data we collect is only data until we involve people. At that point, data is now information.
Types of information system[edit]
A four level
The "classic" view of Information systems found in the textbooks[18] in the 1980s was a pyramid of systems that reflected the hierarchy of the organization, usually transaction processing systems at the bottom of the pyramid, followed by management information systems, decision support systems, and ending with executive information systems at the top. Although the pyramid model remains useful since it was first formulated a number of new technologies have been developed and new categories of information systems have emerged, some of which no longer fit easily into the original pyramid model.
Some examples of such systems are:
data warehouses
enterprise resource planning
enterprise systems
expert systems
search engines
geographic information system
global information system
office automation.
A computer(-based) information system is essentially an IS using computer technology to carry out some or all of its planned tasks. The basic components of computer-based information systems are:
Hardware- these are the devices like the monitor, processor, printer and keyboard, all of which work together to accept, process, show data and information.
Software- are the programs that allow the hardware to process the data.
Databases- are the gathering of associated files or tables containing related data.
Networks- are a connecting system that allows diverse computers to distribute resources.
Procedures- are the commands for combining the components above to process information and produce the preferred output.
The first four components (hardware, software, database, and network) make up what is known as the information technology platform. Information technology workers could then use these components to create information systems that watch over safety measures, risk and the management of data. These actions are known as information technology services.[19]
Certain information systems support parts of organizations, others support entire organizations, and still others, support groups of organizations. Recall that each department or functional area within an organization has its own collection of application programs or information systems. These functional area information systems (FAIS) are supporting pillars for more general IS namely, business intelligence systems and dashboards[citation needed]. As the name suggest, each FAIS support a particular function within the organization, e.g.: accounting IS, finance IS, production / operation management (POM) IS, marketing IS, and human resources IS. In finance and accounting, managers use IT systems to forecast revenues and business activity, to determine the best sources and uses of funds, and to perform audits to ensure that the organization is fundamentally sound and that all financial reports and documents are accurate. Other types of organizational information systems are FAIS, Transaction processing systems, enterprise resource planning, office automation system, management information system, decision support system, expert system, executive dashboard, supply chain management system, and electronic commerce system. Dashboards are a special form of IS that support all managers of the organization. They provide rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports. Expert systems attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.
Information system development[edit]
Information technology departments in larger organizations tend to strongly influence the development, use, and application of information technology in the organizations. A series of methodologies and processes can be used to develop and use an information system. Many developers now use an engineering approach such as the system development life cycle (SDLC), which is a systematic procedure of developing an information system through stages that occur in sequence. Recent research aims at enabling[20] and measuring[21] the ongoing, collective development of such systems within an organization by the entirety of human actors themselves. An information system can be developed in house (within the organization) or outsourced. This can be accomplished by outsourcing certain components or the entire system.[22] A specific case is the geographical distribution of the development team (offshoring, global information system).
A computer-based information system, following a definition of Langefors,[23] is a technologically implemented medium for:
recording, storing, and disseminating linguistic expressions,
as well as for drawing conclusions from such expressions.
Geographic information systems, land information systems, and disaster information systems are examples of emerging information systems, but they can be broadly considered as spatial information systems. System development is done in stages which include:
Problem recognition and specification
Information gathering
Requirements specification for the new system
System design
System construction
System implementation
Review and maintenance.[24]
As an academic discipline[edit]
See also: Information science, Information technology, and Information management
The field of study called information systems encompasses a variety of topics including systems analysis and design, computer networking, information security, database management and decision support systems. Information management deals with the practical and theoretical problems of collecting and analyzing information in a business function area including business productivity tools, applications programming and implementation, electronic commerce, digital media production, data mining, and decision support. Communications and networking deals with the telecommunication technologies. Information systems bridges business and computer science using the theoretical foundations of information and computation to study various business models and related algorithmic processes [25] on building the IT systems [26][27] within a computer science discipline.[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Computer information system(s) (CIS) is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their software and hardware designs, their applications, and their impact on society,[41][42][43] whereas IS emphasizes functionality over design.[44]
Several IS scholars have debated the nature and foundations of Information Systems which have its roots in other reference disciplines such as Computer Science, Engineering, Mathematics, Management Science, Cybernetics, and others.[45][46][47][48] Information systems also can be defined as a collection of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that work together to produce quality information.
Differentiating IS from related disciplines[edit]
Information Systems relationship to Information Technology, Computer Science, Information Science, and Business.
Similar to computer science, other disciplines can be seen as both related and foundation disciplines of IS. The domain of study of IS involves the study of theories and practices related to the social and technological phenomena, which determine the development, use, and effects of information systems in organization and society.[49] But, while there may be considerable overlap of the disciplines at the boundaries, the disciplines are still differentiated by the focus, purpose, and orientation of their activities.[50]
In a broad scope, the term Information Systems is a scientific field of study that addresses the range of strategic, managerial, and operational activities involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing, and use of information and its associated technologies in society and organizations.[50] The term information systems is also used to describe an organizational function that applies IS knowledge in industry, government agencies, and not-for-profit organizations.[50] Information Systems often refers to the interaction between algorithmic processes and technology. This interaction can occur within or across organizational boundaries. An information system is the technology an organization uses and also the way in which the organizations interact with the technology and the way in which the technology works with the organization’s business processes. Information systems are distinct from information technology (IT) in that an information system has an information technology component that interacts with the processes' components.
One problem with that approach is that it prevents the IS field from being interested in non-organizational use of ICT, such as in social networking, computer gaming, mobile personal usage, etc. A different way of differentiating the IS field from its neighbours is to ask, "Which aspects of reality are most meaningful in the IS field and other fields?"[51] This approach, based on philosophy, helps to define not just the focus, purpose and orientation, but also the dignity, destiny and, responsibility of the field among other fields. International Journal of Information Management, 30, 13-20.
Career pathways[edit]
Information Systems workers enter a number of different careers:
Information System Strategy
Management Information Systems
Project Management
Enterprise Architecture
IS Development
IS Organization
IS Consulting
IS Security
IS Auditor
There is a wide variety of career paths in the information systems discipline. "Workers with specialized technical knowledge and strong communications skills will have the best prospects. Workers with management skills and an understanding of business practices and principles will have excellent opportunities, as companies are increasingly looking to technology to drive their revenue."[52]
Information technology is important to the operation of contemporary businesses, it offers many employment opportunities. The information systems field includes the people in organizations who design and build information systems, the people who use those systems, and the people responsible for managing those systems. The demand for traditional IT staff such as programmers, business analysts, systems analysts, and designer is significant. Many well-paid jobs exist in areas of Information technology. At the top of the list is the chief information officer (CIO).
The CIO is the executive who is in charge of the IS function. In most organizations, the CIO works with the chief executive officer (CEO), the chief financial officer (CFO), and other senior executives. Therefore, he or she actively participates in the organization's strategic planning process.
Research[edit]
Information systems research is generally interdisciplinary concerned with the study of the effects of information systems on the behaviour of individuals, groups, and organizations.[53][54] Hevner et al. (2004)[55] categorized research in IS into two scientific paradigms including behavioural science which is to develop and verify theories that explain or predict human or organizational behavior and design science which extends the boundaries of human and organizational capabilities by creating new and innovative artifacts.
Salvatore March and Gerald Smith[56] proposed a framework for researching different aspects of Information Technology including outputs of the research (research outputs) and activities to carry out this research (research activities). They identified research outputs as follows:
Constructs which are concepts that form the vocabulary of a domain. They constitute a conceptualization used to describe problems within the domain and to specify their solutions.
A model which is a set of propositions or statements expressing relationships among constructs.
A method which is a set of steps (an algorithm or guideline) used to perform a task. Methods are based on a set of underlying constructs and a representation (model) of the solution space.
An instantiation is the realization of an artifact in its environment.
Also research activities including:
Build an artifact to perform a specific task.
Evaluate the artifact to determine if any progress has been achieved.
Given an artifact whose performance has been evaluated, it is important to determine why and how the artifact worked or did not work within its environment. Therefore, theorize and justify theories about IT artifacts.
Although Information Systems as a discipline has been evolving for over 30 years now,[57] the core focus or identity of IS research is still subject to debate among scholars.[58][59][60] There are two main views around this debate: a narrow view focusing on the IT artifact as the core subject matter of IS research, and a broad view that focuses on the interplay between social and technical aspects of IT that is embedded into a dynamic evolving context.[61] A third view[62] calls on IS scholars to pay balanced attention to both the IT artifact and its context.
Since the study of information systems is an applied field, industry practitioners expect information systems research to generate findings that are immediately applicable in practice. This is not always the case however, as information systems researchers often explore behavioral issues in much more depth than practitioners would expect them to do. This may render information systems research results difficult to understand, and has led to criticism.[63]
In the last ten years, the business trend is represented by the considerable increasing of Information Systems Function (ISF) role, especially with regard the enterprise strategies and operations supporting. It became a key-factor to increase productivity and to support new value creation.[64] To study an information system itself, rather than its effects, information systems models are used, such as EATPUT.
The international body of Information Systems researchers, the Association for Information Systems (AIS), and its Senior Scholars Forum Subcommittee on Journals (23 April 2007), proposed a 'basket' of journals that the AIS deems as 'excellent', and nominated: Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ), Information Systems Research (ISR), Journal of the Association for Information Systems (JAIS), Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS), European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS), and Information Systems Journal (ISJ).[65]
A number of annual information systems conferences are run in various parts of the world, the majority of which are peer reviewed. The AIS directly runs the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) and the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), while AIS affiliated conferences[66] include the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), the Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS), the International Conference on Information Resources Management (Conf-IRM) and the Wuhan International Conference on E-Business (WHICEB). AIS chapter conferences[67] include Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS), Information Systems Research Conference in Scandinavia (IRIS), Information Systems International Conference (ISICO), Conference of the Italian Chapter of AIS (itAIS), Annual Mid-Western AIS Conference (MWAIS) and Annual Conference of the Southern AIS (SAIS). EDSIG,[68] which is the special interest group on education of the AITP,[69] organizes the Conference on Information Systems and Computing Education[70] and the Conference on Information Systems Applied Research[71] which are both held annually in November.
The impact on economic models[edit]
Microeconomic theory model[clarification needed]
Transaction cost theory[clarification needed]
Agency theory[clarification needed]
See also[edit]
Related studies
Information management
Computer science
Human–computer interaction
Bioinformatics
Health informatics
Business informatics
Cheminformatics
Disaster informatics
Geoinformatics
Information science
Web sciences
Management information system (MIS)
Formative context
Data processing
Components
Data architect
Data modeling
Data processing system
Data Reference Model
Database
EATPUT
Metadata
Predictive Model Markup Language
Semantic translation
Three schema approach
Implementation
Enterprise information system
Environmental Modeling Center
Information processing system
INFORMS
References[edit]
Jump up ^ kroenke, David (2015). MIS Essentials (Fourth ed.). Boston: Pearson. p. 10. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "information system". BusinessDictionary.com.
Jump up ^ "Information Systems". Principia Cybernetica Web.
Jump up ^ Vladimir Zwass (2016-02-10). "Information system". Britannica.com.
Jump up ^ D’Atri A., De Marco M., Casalino N. (2008). "Interdisciplinary Aspects of Information Systems Studies", Physica-Verlag, Springer, Germany, pp. 1–416, doi:10.1007/978-3-7908-2010-2 ISBN 978-3-7908-2009-6
Jump up ^ Jessup, Leonard M.; Joseph S. Valacich (2008). Information Systems Today (3rd ed.). Pearson Publishing. Pages ??? & Glossary p. 416
Jump up ^ Bulgacs, Simon (2013). "The first phase of creating a standardised international technological implementation framework/software application". Int. J. Business and Systems Research. 7 (3): 250. doi:10.1504/IJBSR.2013.055312. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
Jump up ^ "SEI Report, "Glossary"". Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. Retrieved 2013-04-02. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ Kroenke, D M. (2008). Experiencing MIS. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Jump up ^ O'Brien, J A. (2003). Introduction to information systems: essentials for the e-business enterprise. McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA
Jump up ^ Alter, S. (2003) "18 Reasons Why IT-Reliant Work Systems Should Replace 'The IT Artifact' as the Core Subject Matter of the IS Field," Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 12(23), Oct., pp. 365–394, http://cais.aisnet.org/articles/default.asp?vol=12&art=23
Jump up ^ Alter, S (2013). "Work System Theory: Overview of Core Concepts, Extensions, and Challenges for the Future". Journal of the Association for Information Systems. 14 (2): 72–121.
Jump up ^ Alter, S. (2006) The Work System Method: Connecting People, Processes, and IT for Business Results. Works System Press, CA
Jump up ^ Beynon-Davies P. (2009). Business Information Systems. Palgrave, Basingstoke
Jump up ^ Marc S. Silver, M. Lynne Markus, Cynthia Mathis Beath (Sep 1995). "The Information Technology Interactive Model: A Foundation for the MBA Core Course". MIS Quarterly: 361–390. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2005. Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report (pdf)
Jump up ^ Rockart et al. (1996) Eight imperatives for the new IT organization Sloan Management review.
Jump up ^ Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P. Management Information Systems, (2nd edition), Macmillan, 1988.
Jump up ^ Rainer, R. Kelly Jr and Casey G. Cegielski. Introduction to Information System: Support and Transforming Business Fourth Edition. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2012. Print.
Jump up ^ Neumann, Gustaf; Sobernig, Stefan; Aram, Michael (February 2014). "Evolutionary Business Information Systems". Business and Information Systems Engineering. 6 (1): 33–36. doi:10.1007/s12599-013-0305-1.
Jump up ^ Aram, Michael; Neumann, Gustaf (2015-07-01). "Multilayered analysis of co-development of business information systems" (PDF). Journal of Internet Services and Applications. 6 (1). doi:10.1186/s13174-015-0030-8.
Jump up ^ Using MIS. Kroenke. 2009. ISBN 0-13-713029-5.
Jump up ^ Börje Langefors (1973). Theoretical Analysis of Information Systems. Auerbach. ISBN 0-87769-151-7.
Jump up ^ Computer Studies. Frederick Nyawaya. 2008. ISBN 9966-781-24-2.
Jump up ^ "Computer and Logic Essentials - Units of study - Swinburne University of Technology - Melbourne, Australia".
Jump up ^ http://www1.rmit.edu.au/courses/049802
Jump up ^ "Systems Development - Units of study - Swinburne University of Technology - Melbourne, Australia".
Jump up ^ Kelly, Sue; Gibson, Nicola; Holland, Christopher; Light, Ben (July 1999). "Focus Issue on Legacy Information Systems and Business Process Engineering: a Business Perspective of Legacy Information Systems". Communications of the AIS. 2 (7): 1–27.
Jump up ^ Archibald, J.A. (May 1975). "Computer Science education for majors of other disciplines". AFIPS Joint Computer Conferences: 903–906. Computer science spreads out over several related disciplines, and shares with these disciplines certain sub-disciplines that traditionally have been located exclusively in the more conventional disciplines
Jump up ^ Denning, Peter (July 1999). "COMPUTER SCIENCE: THE DISCIPLINE". Encyclopaedia of Computer Science (2000 Edition). The Domain of Computer Science: Even though computer science addresses both human-made and natural information processes, the main effort in the discipline has been directed toward human-made processes, especially information processing systems and machines
Jump up ^ Coy, Wolfgang (June 2004). "Between the disciplines". ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. 36 (2): 7–10. ISSN 0097-8418. doi:10.1145/1024338.1024340. Computer science may be in the core of these processes. The actual question is not to ignore disciplinary boundaries with its methodological differences but to open the disciplines for collaborative work. We must learn to build bridges, not to start in the gap between disciplines
Jump up ^ Hoganson, Ken (December 2001). "Alternative curriculum models for integrating computer science and information systems analysis, recommendations, pitfalls, opportunities, accreditations, and trends". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 17 (2): 313–325. ISSN 1937-4771. ... Information Systems grew out of the need to bridge the gap between business management and computer science ...
Jump up ^ Davis, Timothy; Geist, Robert; Matzko, Sarah; Westall, James (March 2004). "τ´εχνη: A First Step". Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education: 125–129. ISBN 1-58113-798-2. In 1999, Clemson University established a (graduate) degree program that bridges the arts and the sciences... All students in the program are required to complete graduate level work in both the arts and computer science
Jump up ^ Hoganson, Ken (December 2001). "Alternative curriculum models for integrating computer science and information systems analysis, recommendations, pitfalls, opportunities, accreditations, and trends". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 17 (2): 313–325. ISSN 1937-4771. The field of information systems as a separate discipline is relatively new and is undergoing continuous change as technology evolves and the field matures
Jump up ^ Khazanchi, Deepak; Bjorn Erik Munkvold (Summer 2000). "Is information system a science? an inquiry into the nature of the information systems discipline". ACM SIGMIS Database. 31 (3): 24–42. ISSN 0095-0033. doi:10.1145/381823.381834. From this we have concluded that IS is a science, i.e., a scientific discipline in contrast to purportedly non-scientific fields
Jump up ^ Denning, Peter (June 2007). "Ubiquity a new interview with Peter Denning on the great principles of computing". 2007 (June): 1–1. People from other fields are saying they have discovered information processes in their deepest structures and that collaboration with computing is essential to them.
Jump up ^ "Computer science is the study of information" New Jersey Institute of Technology, Gutenberg Information Technologies Archived September 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Computer science is the study of computation." Computer Science Department, College of Saint Benedict, Saint John's University
Jump up ^ "Computer Science is the study of all aspects of computer systems, from the theoretical foundations to the very practical aspects of managing large software projects." Massey University
Jump up ^ Pearson Custom Publishing & West Chester University, Custom Program for Computer Information Systems, Pearson Custom Publishing, (2009) Glossary p. 694
Jump up ^ Polack, Jennifer (December 2009). "Planning a CIS Education Within a CS Framework". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 25 (2): 100–106. ISSN 1937-4771.
Jump up ^ Hayes, Helen; Onkar Sharma (February 2003). "A decade of experience with a common first year program for computer science, information systems and information technology majors". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 18 (3): 217–227. ISSN 1937-4771. In 1988, a degree program in Computer Information Systems (CIS) was launched with the objective of providing an option for students who were less inclined to become programmers and were more interested in learning to design, develop, and implement Information Systems, and solve business problems using the systems approach
Jump up ^ CSTA Committee, Allen Tucker, et alia, A Model Curriculum for K-12 Computer Science (Final Report), (Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., 2006) Abstraction & p. 2
Jump up ^ Freeman, Peter; Hart, David (August 2004). "A Science of Design for Software-Intensive Systems Computer science and engineering needs an intellectually rigorous, analytical, teachable design process to ensure development of systems we all can live with". Communications of the ACM. 47 (8): 19–21. ISSN 0001-0782. doi:10.1145/1012037.1012054. Though the other components' connections to the software and their role in the overall design of the system are critical, the core consideration for a software-intensive system is the software itself, and other approaches to systematizing design have yet to solve the "software problem"—which won't be solved until software design is understood scientifically
Jump up ^ Culnan, M. J. Mapping the Intellectual Structure of MIS, 1980-1985: A Co-Citation Analysis, MIS Quarterly, 1987, pp. 341-353.
Jump up ^ Keen, P. G. W. MIS Research: Reference Disciplines and A Cumulative Tradition, in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Information Systems, E. McLean (ed.), Philadelphia, PA, 1980, pp. 9-18.
Jump up ^ Lee, A. S. Architecture as A Reference Discipline for MIS, in Information Systems Research: Contemporary Approaches and Emergent Traditions, H.-E. Nisen, H. K. Klein, and R. A. Hirschheim (eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 573-592.
Jump up ^ Mingers, J., and Stowell, F. (eds.). Information Systems: An Emerging Discipline?, McGraw- Hill, London, 1997.
Jump up ^ John, W., and Joe, P. (2002) "Strategic Planning for Information System." 3rd Ed. West Sussex. John wiley & Sons Ltd
^ Jump up to: a b c "Scoping the Discipline of Information Systems".
Jump up ^ Basden, A. (2010) On Using Spheres of Meaning to Define and Dignify the IS Discipline. International Journal of Information Management, 30, 13-20. It employs the philosophy of the late Herman Dooyeweerd to differentiate distinct aspects or 'spheres of meaning'. The paper suggests that while computer science finds the formative aspect, of shaping, structuring, processing, of central interest, and business and organizational fields find the economic and social aspects of central interest, the Information Systems field can find the lingual aspect of central interest, while making links with the aspects of the neighbouring disciplines.
Jump up ^ "Information Systems". Sloan Career Cornerstone Center; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Jump up ^ Galliers, R.D., Markus, M.L., & Newell, S. (Eds) (2006). Exploring Information Systems Research Approaches. New York, NY: Routledge.
Jump up ^ Ciborra, C. (2002). The Labyrinths of Information: Challenging the Wisdom of Systems. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
Jump up ^ Hevner; March; Park; Ram (2004). "Design Science in Information Systems Research". MIS Quarterly. 28 (1): 75–105.
Jump up ^ March, S.; Smith, G. (1995). "Design and natural science in Information Technology (IT)". Decision Support Systems. 15: 251–266. doi:10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2.
Jump up ^ Avgerou, C (2000). "Information systems: what sort of science is it?". Omega. 28: 567–579. doi:10.1016/s0305-0483(99)00072-9.
Jump up ^ Benbasat, I.; Zmud, R. (2003). "The identity crisis within the IS discipline: defining and communicating the discipline's core properties". MIS Quarterly. 27 (2): 183–194.
Jump up ^ Agarwal, R.; Lucas, H. (2005). "The information systems identity crisis: focusing on high- visibility and high-impact research". MIS Quarterly. 29 (3): 381–398.
Jump up ^ El Sawy, O (2003). "The IS core –IX: The 3 faces of IS identity: connection, immersion, and fusion". Communications of AIS. 12: 588–598.
Jump up ^ Mansour, O., Ghazawneh, A. (2009) Research in Information Systems: Implications of the constant changing nature of IT capabilities in the social computing era, in Molka-Danielsen, J. (Ed.): Proceedings of the 32nd Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia, IRIS 32, Inclusive Design, Molde University College, Molde, Norway, August 9–12, 2009. ISBN 978-82-7962-120-1.
Jump up ^ Orlikowski, W.; Iacono, C. (2001). "Research commentary: desperately seeking the "IT" in IT research—a call to theorizing about the IT artifact". Information Systems Research. 12 (2): 121–134. doi:10.1287/isre.12.2.121.9700.
Jump up ^ Kock, N.; Gray, P.; Hoving, R.; Klein, H.; Myers, M.; Rockart, J. (2002). "Information Systems Research Relevance Revisited: Subtle Accomplishment, Unfulfilled Promise, or Serial Hypocrisy?". Communications of the Association for Information Systems. 8 (23): 330–346.
Jump up ^ Casalino, N., Mazzone, G. (2008): Externalization of a banking information systems function. Features, regulatory and critical aspects, in Interdisciplinary Aspects of Information Systems Studies, D’Atri A., De Marco M., Casalino N. (Eds.), Physica-Verlag, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 89-96, ISBN 978-3-7908-2009-6, doi:10.1007/978-3-7908-2010-2_12
Jump up ^ Senior Scholars (2007). "AIS Senior Scholars Forum Subcommittee on Journals: A basket of six (or eight) A* journals in Information Systems" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AIS affiliated conferences".
Jump up ^ AIS chapter conferences
Jump up ^ "EDSIG Information Systems Educators".
Jump up ^ "Association of Information Technology Professionals".
Jump up ^ EDSIG, ISCAP and. "ISCAP Conferences - EDSIGCON & CONISAR".
Jump up ^ EDSIG, ISCAP and. "ISCAP Conferences - EDSIGCON & CONISAR".
Further reading[edit]
Rainer, R. Kelly and Cegielski, Casey G. (2009). "Introduction to Information Systems: Enabling and Transforming Business, 3rd Edition"
Kroenke, David (2008). Using MIS - 2nd Edition.
Lindsay, John (2000). Information Systems – Fundamentals and Issues. Kingston University, School of Information Systems
Dostal, J. School information systems (Skolni informacni systemy). In Infotech 2007 - modern information and communication technology in education. Olomouc, EU: Votobia, 2007. s. 540 – 546. ISBN 978-80-7220-301-7.
O'Leary, Timothy and Linda. (2008). Computing Essentials Introductory 2008. McGraw-Hill on Computing2008.com
Imperial College London - Information Systems Engineering degree - Information Systems Engineering
Sage, S.M. "Information Systems: A brief look into history", Datamation, 63-69, Nov. 1968. - Overview of the early history of IS.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Information systems.
Association for Information Systems (AIS)
IS History website
Center for Information Systems Research - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
European Research Center for Information Systems
Index of Information Systems Journals
European eCompetence Frame
[show]
v
t
e
Systems science
Systems
types
Anatomical
Art
Biological
Complex
Complex adaptive
Conceptual
Coupled human–environment
Database
Dynamical
Ecological
Economic
Energy
Formal
Holarchic
Information
Legal
Measurement
Metric
Multi-agent
Nervous
Nonlinear
Operating
Physical
Planetary
Political
Sensory
Social
Star
Writing
Theoretical
fields
Chaos theory
Complex systems
Control theory
Cybernetics
Earth system science
Living systems
Sociotechnical system
Systemics
Urban metabolism
World-systems theory
analysis
biology
dynamics
ecology
engineering
neuroscience
pharmacology
psychology
theory
thinking
Systems
scientists
Alexander Bogdanov
Russell L. Ackoff
William Ross Ashby
Ruzena Bajcsy
Béla H. Bánáthy
Gregory Bateson
Anthony Stafford Beer
Richard E. Bellman
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
Margaret Boden
Kenneth E. Boulding
Murray Bowen
Kathleen Carley
Mary Cartwright
C. West Churchman
George Dantzig
Edsger W. Dijkstra
Heinz von Foerster
Stephanie Forrest
Jay Wright Forrester
Barbara Grosz
Charles A S Hall
Lydia Kavraki
James J. Kay
Faina M. Kirillova
George Klir
Allenna Leonard
Edward Norton Lorenz
Niklas Luhmann
Humberto Maturana
Margaret Mead
Donella Meadows
Mihajlo D. Mesarovic
James Grier Miller
Radhika Nagpal
Howard T. Odum
Talcott Parsons
Ilya Prigogine
Qian Xuesen
Anatol Rapoport
Peter Senge
Claude Shannon
Katia Sycara
Francisco Varela
Manuela M. Veloso
Kevin Warwick
Norbert Wiener
Jennifer Wilby
Anthony Wilden
Applications
Systems theory in anthropology
Systems theory in archaeology
Systems theory in political science
Organizations
List
Principia Cybernetica
Systems science portal
Authority control
NDL: 01092953
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_system&oldid=806174443"
Categories:
Information
Information systems
Hidden categories:
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Webarchive template wayback links
Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2017
All pages needing cleanup
Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2017
All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify
Articles with weasel words from April 2017
All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2017
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2011
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Қазақша
Lietuvių
Bahasa Melayu
Mirandés
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 October 2017, at 05:37.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

div
id class
mw-page-base noprint
html
local
div
id class
mw-head-base noprint
html
local
a
id
top
html
local
div
id class
siteNotice centralNotice mw-body-content
html
local
div
class
mw-indicators mw-body-content
html
local
h1
id class lang
firstHeading firstHeading en
html
local
div
id class
siteSub noprint
html
local
div
id
contentSub
html
local
a
href
#mw-head
html
local
a
href
#p-search
html
local
div
id class
jump-to-nav mw-jump
html
local
img
alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png 40 40 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x 40 40
html
local
div
style
width:52px
html
local
td
class
mbox-image
html
local
span
html
local
a
class
mw-collapsible-text
html
local
span
html
local
span
class role tabindex
mw-collapsible-toggle button 0
html
local
b
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Talk:Information_system Talk:Information system
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal Help:Maintenance template removal
html
local
i
html
local
small
html
local
img
alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png 40 40 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x 48 48
html
local
div
style
width:52px
html
local
td
class
mbox-image
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Talk:Information_system Talk:Information system
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section
html
local
span
class
hide-when-compact
html
local
i
html
local
small
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal Help:Maintenance template removal
html
local
i
html
local
small
class
hide-when-compact
html
local
div
class
mbox-text-span
html
local
td
class
mbox-text
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class role
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-lead_rewrite presentation
html
local
img
alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png 40 40 //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x 40 40
html
local
div
style
width:52px
html
local
td
class
mbox-image
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view Wikipedia:Neutral point of view
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability Wikipedia:Verifiability
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Improving_weasel-worded_statements Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch
html
local
span
class
hide-when-compact
html
local
i
html
local
small
html
local
div
class
mbox-text-span
html
local
td
class
mbox-text
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class role
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Weasel presentation
html
local
div
class style
mw-collapsible-content margin-top: 0.3em;
html
local
div
class style
mw-collapsible width:95%; margin: 0.2em 0;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal Help:Maintenance template removal
html
local
i
html
local
small
class
hide-when-compact
html
local
div
class
mbox-text-span
html
local
td
class
mbox-text
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class role
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox presentation
html
local
b
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information Information
html
local
span
title
The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (April 2017)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch
html
local
i
html
local
sup
class style
noprint Inline-Template margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-1
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-1 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-2
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-2 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-3
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-3 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-4
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-4 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-5
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-5 reference
html
local
p
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Data_(computing) Data (computing)
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-6
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-6 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Decision-making Decision-making
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-7
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-7 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-8
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-8 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Information_and_communication_technology mw-redirect Information and communication technology
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-9
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-9 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Computer_system mw-redirect Computer system
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Business_process Business process
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-10
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-10 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-11
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-11 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-12
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-12 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Work_system mw-redirect Work system
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-13
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-13 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Data_systems mw-redirect Data systems
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Communication Communication
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Formal_language Formal language
html
local
p
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Organizational_informatics mw-redirect Organizational informatics
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-14
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-14 reference
html
local
p
html
local
p
html
local
h2
html
local
a
role tabindex class
button 0 togglelink
html
local
span
class
toctoggle
html
local
div
class
toctitle
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Overview
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-1
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Types_of_information_system
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-2
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Information_system_development
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-3
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#As_an_academic_discipline
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Differentiating_IS_from_related_disciplines
html
local
li
class
toclevel-2 tocsection-5
html
local
ul
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-4
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Career_pathways
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-6
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Research
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-7
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#The_impact_on_economic_models
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-8
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#See_also
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-9
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#References
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-10
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#Further_reading
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-11
html
local
span
class
tocnumber
html
local
span
class
toctext
html
local
a
href
#External_links
html
local
li
class
toclevel-1 tocsection-12
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class
toc toc
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Overview
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=1 Edit section: Overview
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-15
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-15 reference
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.slideshare.net/jgzheng/information-system-a-system-view
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/System System
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery Association for Computing Machinery
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-curricula-16
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-curricula_16-0 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Transaction_processing_system Transaction processing system
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Decision_support_system Decision support system
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Knowledge_management_system mw-redirect Knowledge management system
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Learning_management_system Learning management system
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Database_management_system mw-redirect Database management system
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-17
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-17 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chief_information_officer Chief information officer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chief_executive_officer Chief executive officer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chief_financial_officer Chief financial officer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chief_operating_officer Chief operating officer
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Chief_technical_officer mw-redirect Chief technical officer
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chief_information_security_officer Chief information security officer
html
local
p
html
local
p
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
ol
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Types_of_information_system
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=2 Edit section: Types of information system
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png/250px-Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png 250 184 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png/375px-Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png/500px-Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png 2x 1118 822
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:Four-Level-Pyramid-model.png internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption magnify
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:252px;
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-18
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-18 reference
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Transaction_processing_systems mw-redirect Transaction processing systems
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Management_information_systems mw-redirect Management information systems
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Decision_support_systems mw-redirect Decision support systems
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Executive_information_systems mw-redirect Executive information systems
html
local
p
html
local
p
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Data_warehouses mw-redirect Data warehouses
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning Enterprise resource planning
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Enterprise_systems mw-redirect Enterprise systems
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Expert_systems mw-redirect Expert systems
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Search_engines mw-redirect Search engines
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Geographic_information_system Geographic information system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Global_information_system Global information system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Office_automation Office automation
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
b
html
local
p
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-19
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-19 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Business_intelligence Business intelligence
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Dashboard Dashboard
html
local
span
title
This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed Wikipedia:Citation needed
html
local
i
html
local
sup
class style
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact white-space:nowrap;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Transaction_processing_system Transaction processing system
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning Enterprise resource planning
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Office_automation Office automation
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Management_information_system Management information system
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Decision_support_system Decision support system
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Expert_system Expert system
html
local
a
href class title
/w/index.php?title=Supply_chain_management_system&action=edit&redlink=1 new Supply chain management system (page does not exist)
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Electronic_commerce mw-redirect Electronic commerce
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Information_system_development
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=3 Edit section: Information system development
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/System_development_life_cycle mw-redirect System development life cycle
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-20
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-20 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-21
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-21 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-22
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-22 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Offshoring Offshoring
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Global_information_system Global information system
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/B%C3%B6rje_Langefors Börje Langefors
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-23
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-23 reference
html
local
p
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Geographic_information_systems_in_geospatial_intelligence Geographic information systems in geospatial intelligence
html
local
p
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-24
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-24 reference
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline As_an_academic_discipline
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=4 Edit section: As an academic discipline
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_science Information science
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_technology Information technology
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_management Information management
html
local
div
role class
note hatnote navigation-not-searchable
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_management Information management
html
local
i
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Business Business
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Computer_science Computer science
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information Information
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Computation Computation
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Algorithm Algorithm
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-25
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-25 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-26
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-26 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-27
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-27 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Kelly_1999_1.E2.80.9327-28
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Kelly_1999_1.E2.80.9327_28-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Archibald1975-29
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Archibald1975_29-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Denning1999-30
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Denning1999_30-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-Coy_2004_7.E2.80.9310-31
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-Coy_2004_7.E2.80.9310_31-0 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-32
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-32 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-33
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-33 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-34
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-34 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-35
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-35 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-36
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-36 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-37
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-37 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-38
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-38 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-39
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-39 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-40
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-40 reference
html
local
b
html
local
b
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-41
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-41 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-42
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-42 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-43
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-43 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-44
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-44 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Computer_Science mw-redirect Computer Science
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Engineering Engineering
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Mathematics Mathematics
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Management_Science mw-redirect Management Science
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Cybernetics Cybernetics
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-45
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-45 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-46
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-46 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-47
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-47 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-48
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-48 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Differentiating_IS_from_related_disciplines
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=5 Edit section: Differentiating IS from related disciplines
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h3
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg/220px-IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg 220 160 thumbimage //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg/330px-IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg/440px-IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg 2x 991 721
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg image
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/File:IS-Relationships-Chart.jpg internal Enlarge
html
local
div
class
magnify
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Information_Technology mw-redirect Information Technology
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Computer_Science mw-redirect Computer Science
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Information_Science mw-redirect Information Science
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Business Business
html
local
div
class
thumbcaption
html
local
div
class style
thumb tright thumbinner width:222px;
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-49
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-49 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-dogpile.com-50
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-dogpile.com_50-0 reference
html
local
p
html
local
i
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-dogpile.com-50
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-dogpile.com_50-1 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-dogpile.com-50
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-dogpile.com_50-2 reference
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_technology Information technology
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-ref-basden-2010-51
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-ref-basden-2010_51-0 reference
html
local
i
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Career_pathways
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=6 Edit section: Career pathways
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
p
html
local
a
href class title
/w/index.php?title=Information_System_Strategy&action=edit&redlink=1 new Information System Strategy (page does not exist)
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Management_Information_System mw-redirect Management Information System
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Project_Management mw-redirect Project Management
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Enterprise_Architecture mw-redirect Enterprise Architecture
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Software_development Software development
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_technology_consulting Information technology consulting
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-52
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-52 reference
html
local
p
html
local
p
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Research
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=7 Edit section: Research
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-53
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-53 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-54
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-54 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-55
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-55 reference
html
local
i
html
local
i
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-56
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-56 reference
html
local
p
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
ol
html
local
p
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
i
html
local
li
html
local
ol
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-57
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-57 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-58
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-58 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-59
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-59 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-60
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-60 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-61
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-61 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-62
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-62 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-63
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-63 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-64
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-64 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/EATPUT EATPUT
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Association_for_Information_Systems Association for Information Systems
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Management_Information_Systems_Quarterly Management Information Systems Quarterly
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_Systems_Research Information Systems Research
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Journal_of_the_Association_for_Information_Systems Journal of the Association for Information Systems
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Journal_of_Management_Information_Systems Journal of Management Information Systems
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/European_Journal_of_Information_Systems European Journal of Information Systems
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_Systems_Journal Information Systems Journal
html
local
i
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-65
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-65 reference
html
local
p
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Information_systems_conferences Category:Information systems conferences
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Conference_on_Information_Systems International Conference on Information Systems
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Americas_Conference_on_Information_Systems Americas Conference on Information Systems
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-66
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-66 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Pacific_Asia_Conference_on_Information_Systems Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/European_Conference_on_Information_Systems European Conference on Information Systems
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-67
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-67 reference
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Australasian_Conference_on_Information_Systems Australasian Conference on Information Systems
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_Systems_International_Conference Information Systems International Conference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-68
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-68 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-69
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-69 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-70
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-70 reference
html
local
a
href
#cite_note-71
html
local
sup
id class
cite_ref-71 reference
html
local
p
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline The_impact_on_economic_models
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=8 Edit section: The impact on economic models
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Microeconomic mw-redirect Microeconomic
html
local
span
title
The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2011)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify Wikipedia:Please clarify
html
local
i
html
local
sup
class style
noprint Inline-Template margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Transaction_cost Transaction cost
html
local
span
title
The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2011)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify Wikipedia:Please clarify
html
local
i
html
local
sup
class style
noprint Inline-Template margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Agency_theory mw-redirect Agency theory
html
local
span
title
The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2011)
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify Wikipedia:Please clarify
html
local
i
html
local
sup
class style
noprint Inline-Template margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline See_also
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=9 Edit section: See also
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
dt
html
local
dl
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_management Information management
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Computer_science Computer science
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction Human–computer interaction
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Bioinformatics Bioinformatics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Health_informatics Health informatics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Business_informatics Business informatics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Cheminformatics Cheminformatics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Disaster_informatics Disaster informatics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Geoinformatics Geoinformatics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_science Information science
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Web_science Web science
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Management_information_system Management information system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Formative_context Formative context
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Data_processing Data processing
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
td
style
text-align: left; vertical-align: top;
html
local
dt
html
local
dl
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Data_architect Data architect
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Data_modeling Data modeling
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Data_processing_system Data processing system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Data_Reference_Model Data Reference Model
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Database Database
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/EATPUT EATPUT
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Metadata Metadata
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Predictive_Model_Markup_Language Predictive Model Markup Language
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Semantic_translation Semantic translation
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Three_schema_approach mw-redirect Three schema approach
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
td
style
text-align: left; vertical-align: top;
html
local
dt
html
local
dl
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Enterprise_information_system Enterprise information system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Environmental_Modeling_Center Environmental Modeling Center
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Information_processor Information processor
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/INFORMS mw-redirect INFORMS
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
td
style
text-align: left; vertical-align: top;
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class role style
multicol presentation border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;
html
local
div
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline References
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=10 Edit section: References
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-1
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
cite
class
citation book
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=kroenke&rft.btitle=MIS+Essentials&rft.date=2015&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=10&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Pearson&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
code
style
color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;
html
local
code
style
color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url Help:CS1 errors
html
local
span
style class
display:none;font-size:100% error citation-comment
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-1
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-2
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information-system.html
html
local
i
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=information+system&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessDictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessdictionary.com%2Fdefinition%2Finformation-system.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-2
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-3
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/INFORM_SYSTE.html
html
local
i
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Information+Systems&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Principia+Cybernetica+Web&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpespmc1.vub.ac.be%2FASC%2FINFORM_SYSTE.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-3
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-4
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/287895/information-system
html
local
i
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Information+system&rft.au=Vladimir+Zwass&rft.date=2016-02-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F287895%2Finformation-system&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-4
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-5
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-7908-2010-2
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7908-2009-6 Special:BookSources/978-3-7908-2009-6
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-5
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-6
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-6
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-7
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=55312
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1504%2FIJBSR.2013.055312
html
local
span
class
nowrap
html
local
span
class
reference-accessdate
html
local
cite
id class
Bulgacs.2C_S._.282013.29_.E2.80.98The_first_phase_of_creating_a_standardised_international_innovative_technological_implementation_framework.2Fsoftware_application.E2.80.99.2C_The_International_Journal_of_Business_and_Systems_Research.2C_Vol._7.2C_No._3.2C_pp.250.E2.80.93255. citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=The+first+phase+of+creating+a+standardised+international++technological+implementation+framework%2Fsoftware+application&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.aulast=Bulgacs&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Int.+J.+Business+and+Systems+Research&rft.pages=250&rft.volume=7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inderscience.com%2Finfo%2Finarticle.php%3Fartid%3D55312&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1504%2FIJBSR.2013.055312&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-7
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-8
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
style
padding-right:0.2em;
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://web.archive.org/web/20070903115947/http://www.sei.cmu.edu/publications/documents/03.reports/03tr002/03tr002glossary.html
html
local
span
class
nowrap
html
local
span
class
reference-accessdate
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=SEI+Report%2C+%22Glossary%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sei.cmu.edu%2Fpublications%2Fdocuments%2F03.reports%2F03tr002%2F03tr002glossary.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_BOT:_original-url_status_unknown Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown
html
local
span
class style
citation-comment display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-8
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-9
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-9
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-10
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-10
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-11
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external free http://cais.aisnet.org/articles/default.asp?vol=12&art=23
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-11
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-12
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Work+System+Theory%3A+Overview+of+Core+Concepts%2C+Extensions%2C+and+Challenges+for+the+Future&rft.aufirst=S&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Association+for+Information+Systems&rft.pages=72-121&rft.volume=14&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-12
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-13
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-13
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-14
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-14
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-15
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Cynthia_Mathis_Beath mw-redirect Cynthia Mathis Beath
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://misq.org/the-information-technology-interaction-model-a-foundation-for-the-mba-core-course.html?SID=k2fh85s9nd5a2ne85qh5a3art7
html
local
i
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=The+Information+Technology+Interactive+Model%3A+A+Foundation+for+the+MBA+Core+Course&rft.au=Marc+S.+Silver%2C+M.+Lynne+Markus%2C+Cynthia+Mathis+Beath&rft.date=1995-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIS+Quarterly&rft.pages=361-390&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmisq.org%2Fthe-information-technology-interaction-model-a-foundation-for-the-mba-core-course.html%3FSID%3Dk2fh85s9nd5a2ne85qh5a3art7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
html
local
span
class style
citation-comment display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-15
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-curricula_16-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.acm.org/education/curric_vols/CC2005-March06Final.pdf
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-curricula-16
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-17
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-17
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-18
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-18
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-19
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-19
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-20
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12599-013-0305-1
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12599-013-0305-1
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+Business+Information+Systems&rft.au=Aram%2C+Michael&rft.au=Sobernig%2C+Stefan&rft.aufirst=Gustaf&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.date=2014-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Business+and+Information+Systems+Engineering&rft.pages=33-36&rft.volume=6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%252Fs12599-013-0305-1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12599-013-0305-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-20
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-21
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.jisajournal.com/content/pdf/s13174-015-0030-8.pdf
html
local
span
style
font-size:85%;
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13174-015-0030-8
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Multilayered+analysis+of+co-development+of+business+information+systems&rft.au=Neumann%2C+Gustaf&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Aram&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Internet+Services+and+Applications&rft.volume=6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jisajournal.com%2Fcontent%2Fpdf%2Fs13174-015-0030-8.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13174-015-0030-8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-21
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-22
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-713029-5 Special:BookSources/0-13-713029-5
html
local
cite
class
citation book
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=Using+MIS&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-13-713029-5&rft.pub=Kroenke&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-22
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-23
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/B%C3%B6rje_Langefors Börje Langefors
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87769-151-7 Special:BookSources/0-87769-151-7
html
local
cite
class
citation book
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.au=B%C3%B6rje+Langefors&rft.btitle=Theoretical+Analysis+of+Information+Systems&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-87769-151-7&rft.pub=Auerbach&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-23
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-24
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/9966-781-24-2 Special:BookSources/9966-781-24-2
html
local
cite
class
citation book
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=Computer+Studies&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9966-781-24-2&rft.pub=Frederick+Nyawaya&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-24
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-25
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.swinburne.edu.au/study/courses/units/Computer-and-Logic-Essentials-COS10003/local
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=Computer+and+Logic+Essentials+-+Units+of+study+-+Swinburne+University+of+Technology+-+Melbourne%2C+Australia&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swinburne.edu.au%2Fstudy%2Fcourses%2Funits%2FComputer-and-Logic-Essentials-COS10003%2Flocal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-25
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-26
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external free http://www1.rmit.edu.au/courses/049802
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-26
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-27
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.swinburne.edu.au/study/courses/units/Systems-Development-INF60003/local
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=Systems+Development+-+Units+of+study+-+Swinburne+University+of+Technology+-+Melbourne%2C+Australia&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swinburne.edu.au%2Fstudy%2Fcourses%2Funits%2FSystems-Development-INF60003%2Flocal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-27
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Kelly_1999_1.E2.80.9327_28-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Focus+Issue+on+Legacy+Information+Systems+and+Business+Process+Engineering%3A+a+Business+Perspective+of+Legacy+Information+Systems&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Nicola&rft.au=Holland%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Light%2C+Ben&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.date=1999-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+AIS&rft.pages=1-27&rft.volume=2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Kelly_1999_1.E2.80.9327-28
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Archibald1975_29-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Computer+Science+education+for+majors+of+other+disciplines&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.date=1975-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AFIPS+Joint+Computer+Conferences&rft.pages=903-906&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Archibald1975-29
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Denning1999_30-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=COMPUTER+SCIENCE%3A+THE+DISCIPLINE&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.date=1999-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Computer+Science+%282000+Edition%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Denning1999-30
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-Coy_2004_7.E2.80.9310_31-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0097-8418
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1145%2F1024338.1024340
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Between+the+disciplines&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.aulast=Coy&rft.date=2004-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0097-8418&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=ACM+SIGCSE+Bulletin&rft.pages=7-10&rft.volume=36&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1024338.1024340&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-Coy_2004_7.E2.80.9310-31
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-32
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-4771
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Alternative+curriculum+models+for+integrating+computer+science+and+information+systems+analysis%2C+recommendations%2C+pitfalls%2C+opportunities%2C+accreditations%2C+and+trends&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.aulast=Hoganson&rft.date=2001-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1937-4771&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computing+Sciences+in+Colleges&rft.pages=313-325&rft.volume=17&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-32
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-33
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58113-798-2 Special:BookSources/1-58113-798-2
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=%CF%84%C2%B4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%3A+A+First+Step&rft.au=Geist%2C+Robert&rft.au=Matzko%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Westall%2C+James&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.date=2004-03&rft.genre=article&rft.isbn=1-58113-798-2&rft.jtitle=Technical+Symposium+on+Computer+Science+Education&rft.pages=125-129&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-33
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-34
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-4771
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Alternative+curriculum+models+for+integrating+computer+science+and+information+systems+analysis%2C+recommendations%2C+pitfalls%2C+opportunities%2C+accreditations%2C+and+trends&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.aulast=Hoganson&rft.date=2001-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1937-4771&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computing+Sciences+in+Colleges&rft.pages=313-325&rft.volume=17&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-34
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-35
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0095-0033
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1145%2F381823.381834
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Is+information+system+a+science%3F+an+inquiry+into+the+nature+of+the+information+systems+discipline&rft.au=Bjorn+Erik+Munkvold&rft.aufirst=Deepak&rft.aulast=Khazanchi&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0095-0033&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=ACM+SIGMIS+Database&rft.pages=24-42&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F381823.381834&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-35
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-36
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
b
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Ubiquity+a+new+interview+with+Peter+Denning+on+the+great+principles+of+computing&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.date=2007-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=June&rft.pages=1-1&rft.volume=2007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-36
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-37
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.njit.edu/v2/archivecatalog/undergraduate/91/19-und.html
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://web.archive.org/web/20080915210456/http://www.njit.edu/v2/archivecatalog/undergraduate/91/19-und.html
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wayback_Machine Wayback Machine
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-37
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-38
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.csbsju.edu/computerscience/curriculum
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-38
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-39
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://study.massey.ac.nz/major.asp?major_code=2010&prog_code=93068
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-39
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-40
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-40
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-41
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-4771
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Planning+a+CIS+Education+Within+a+CS+Framework&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.aulast=Polack&rft.date=2009-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1937-4771&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computing+Sciences+in+Colleges&rft.pages=100-106&rft.volume=25&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-41
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-42
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/1937-4771
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=A+decade+of+experience+with+a+common+first+year+program+for+computer+science%2C+information+systems+and+information+technology+majors&rft.au=Onkar+Sharma&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.date=2003-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1937-4771&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computing+Sciences+in+Colleges&rft.pages=217-227&rft.volume=18&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-42
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-43
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-43
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-44
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number International Standard Serial Number
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-0782
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1145%2F1012037.1012054
html
local
q
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=A+Science+of+Design+for+Software-Intensive+Systems+Computer+science+and+engineering+needs+an+intellectually+rigorous%2C+analytical%2C+teachable+design+process+to+ensure+development+of+systems+we+all+can+live+with&rft.au=Hart%2C+David&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.date=2004-08&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0001-0782&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.pages=19-21&rft.volume=47&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1012037.1012054&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-44
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-45
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-45
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-46
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-46
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-47
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-47
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-48
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-48
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-49
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-49
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-dogpile.com_50-0
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-dogpile.com_50-1
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
sup
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-dogpile.com_50-2
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.dogpile.com/clickserver/_iceUrlFlag=1?rawURL=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.84.7159%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&0=&1=0&4=76.185.237.80&5=76.185.237.80&9=9501c7397f68429bb16bc24369dcca01&10=1&11=info.dogpl.prefer&13=search&14=239138&15=main-title&17=10&18=3&19=0&20=6&21=4&22=uKGy3oevUc4%3D&23=0&40=Kar0DLd5ckAhR1%2F79hs8iA%3D%3D&_IceUrl=true
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=Scoping+the+Discipline+of+Information+Systems&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dogpile.com%2Fclickserver%2F_iceUrlFlag%3D1%3FrawURL%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%252Fviewdoc%252Fdownload%253Fdoi%253D10.1.1.84.7159%2526rep%253Drep1%2526type%253Dpdf%260%3D%261%3D0%264%3D76.185.237.80%265%3D76.185.237.80%269%3D9501c7397f68429bb16bc24369dcca01%2610%3D1%2611%3Dinfo.dogpl.prefer%2613%3Dsearch%2614%3D239138%2615%3Dmain-title%2617%3D10%2618%3D3%2619%3D0%2620%3D6%2621%3D4%2622%3DuKGy3oevUc4%253D%2623%3D0%2640%3DKar0DLd5ckAhR1%252F79hs8iA%253D%253D%26_IceUrl%3Dtrue&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-dogpile.com-50
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-ref-basden-2010_51-0
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://aisel.aisnet.org/ukais2009/10
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Herman_Dooyeweerd Herman Dooyeweerd
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.dooy.info/formative.html
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.dooy.info//economic.html
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.dooy.info/social.html
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.dooy.info/lingual.html
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-ref-basden-2010-51
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-52
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.careercornerstone.org/infosys/infosys.htm
html
local
span
class
nowrap
html
local
span
class
reference-accessdate
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=Information+Systems&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Sloan+Career+Cornerstone+Center%3B+Alfred+P.+Sloan+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.careercornerstone.org%2Finfosys%2Finfosys.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-52
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-53
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/M._Lynne_Markus M. Lynne Markus
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://books.google.com/books?id=brOkAAAACAAJ&dq=Exploring+information+systems+research+approaches:+readings+and+reflections
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-53
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-54
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Claudio_Ciborra Claudio Ciborra
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://books.google.com/books?id=jb-vrAHmG0wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Labyrinths+of+Information
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-54
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-55
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Design+Science+in+Information+Systems+Research&rft.au=Hevner&rft.au=March&rft.au=Park&rft.au=Ram&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=MIS+Quarterly&rft.pages=75-105&rft.volume=28&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-55
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-56
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Information_Technology mw-redirect Information Technology
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2F0167-9236%2894%2900041-2
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Design+and+natural+science+in+Information+Technology+%28IT%29&rft.au=Smith%2C+G.&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.aulast=March&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Decision+Support+Systems&rft.pages=251-266&rft.volume=15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0167-9236%2894%2900041-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-56
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-57
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0305-0483%2899%2900072-9
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Information+systems%3A+what+sort+of+science+is+it%3F&rft.aufirst=C&rft.aulast=Avgerou&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Omega&rft.pages=567-579&rft.volume=28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0305-0483%2899%2900072-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-57
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-58
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=The+identity+crisis+within+the+IS+discipline%3A+defining+and+communicating+the+discipline%27s+core+properties&rft.au=Zmud%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.aulast=Benbasat&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=MIS+Quarterly&rft.pages=183-194&rft.volume=27&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-58
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-59
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=The+information+systems+identity+crisis%3A+focusing+on+high-+visibility+and+high-impact+research&rft.au=Lucas%2C+H.&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=Agarwal&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=MIS+Quarterly&rft.pages=381-398&rft.volume=29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-59
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-60
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=The+IS+core+%E2%80%93IX%3A+The+3+faces+of+IS+identity%3A+connection%2C+immersion%2C+and+fusion&rft.aufirst=O&rft.aulast=El+Sawy&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+AIS&rft.pages=588-598&rft.volume=12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-60
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-61
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-7962-120-1 Special:BookSources/978-82-7962-120-1
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-61
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-62
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text //doi.org/10.1287%2Fisre.12.2.121.9700
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Research+commentary%3A+desperately+seeking+the+%22IT%22+in+IT+research%E2%80%94a+call+to+theorizing+about+the+IT+artifact&rft.au=Iacono%2C+C.&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Orlikowski&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Information+Systems+Research&rft.pages=121-134&rft.volume=12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1287%2Fisre.12.2.121.9700&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-62
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-63
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ned_Kock Ned Kock
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Heinz_Klein Heinz Klein
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol8/iss1/23/ external text
html
local
i
html
local
b
html
local
cite
class
citation journal
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.atitle=Information+Systems+Research+Relevance+Revisited%3A+Subtle+Accomplishment%2C+Unfulfilled+Promise%2C+or+Serial+Hypocrisy%3F&rft.au=Gray%2C+P.&rft.au=Hoving%2C+R.&rft.au=Klein%2C+H.&rft.au=Myers%2C+M.&rft.au=Rockart%2C+J.&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.aulast=Kock&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=23&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+Association+for+Information+Systems&rft.pages=330-346&rft.volume=8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faisel.aisnet.org%2Fcais%2Fvol8%2Fiss1%2F23%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-63
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-64
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
i
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7908-2009-6 Special:BookSources/978-3-7908-2009-6
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Digital_object_identifier Digital object identifier
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-7908-2010-2_12
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-64
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-65
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://web.archive.org/web/20071003184529/http://home.aisnet.org/associations/7499/files/Senior%20Scholars%20Letter.pdf
html
local
span
style
font-size:85%;
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://home.aisnet.org/associations/7499/files/Senior%20Scholars%20Letter.pdf
html
local
span
style
font-size:85%;
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.au=Senior+Scholars&rft.btitle=AIS+Senior+Scholars+Forum+Subcommittee+on+Journals%3A+A+basket+of+six+%28or+eight%29+A%2A+journals+in+Information+Systems&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.aisnet.org%2Fassociations%2F7499%2Ffiles%2FSenior%2520Scholars%2520Letter.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-65
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-66
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://home.aisnet.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=34
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=AIS+affiliated+conferences&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.aisnet.org%2Fdisplaycommon.cfm%3Fan%3D1%26subarticlenbr%3D34&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-66
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-67
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://ais.affiniscape.com/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=478
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-67
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-68
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.edsig.org
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=EDSIG+Information+Systems+Educators&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edsig.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-68
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-69
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.aitp.org
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.btitle=Association+of+Information+Technology+Professionals&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aitp.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-69
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-70
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.edsigcon.org
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.aufirst=ISCAP+and&rft.aulast=EDSIG&rft.btitle=ISCAP+Conferences+-+EDSIGCON+%26+CONISAR&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edsigcon.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-70
html
local
span
class
cite-accessibility-label
html
local
a
href
#cite_ref-71
html
local
b
html
local
span
class
mw-cite-backlink
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.conisar.org
html
local
cite
class
citation web
html
local
span
style
display:none;
html
local
span
title class
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInformation+system&rft.aufirst=ISCAP+and&rft.aulast=EDSIG&rft.btitle=ISCAP+Conferences+-+EDSIGCON+%26+CONISAR&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conisar.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook Z3988
html
local
span
class
reference-text
html
local
li
id
cite_note-71
html
local
ol
class
references
html
local
div
class style
reflist columns references-column-width -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline Further_reading
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=11 Edit section: Further reading
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP000323.html
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://www.pearsonhighered.com/kroenke/ external text
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.oturn.net/isfi/index.html
html
local
li
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://mict.upol.cz/skolni_informacni_systemy.pdf
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7220-301-7 Special:BookSources/978-80-7220-301-7
html
local
li
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www.computing2008.com
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Imperial_College_London Imperial College London
html
local
i
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/electricalengineering/courses/undergraduate/informationengineering
html
local
li
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
span
class id
mw-headline External_links
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit&section=12 Edit section: External links
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection-bracket
html
local
span
class
mw-editsection
html
local
h2
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 30 40 noviewer //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x 1024 1376
html
local
td
class
mbox-image
html
local
a
href class title
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Information_systems extiw commons:Category:Information systems
html
local
b
html
local
i
html
local
td
class
mbox-text plainlist
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
role class style
presentation mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://aisnet.org/ external text
html
local
li
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://history.aisnet.org/ external text
html
local
li
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://mitsloan.mit.edu/cisr/ external text
html
local
li
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://www.ercis.org/ external text
html
local
li
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://lamp.infosys.deakin.edu.au/journals/ external text
html
local
li
html
local
a
rel href class
nofollow http://www.ecompetences.eu/ external text
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
a
id href
collapseButton0 #
html
local
span
class
collapseButton
html
local
abbr
title style
View this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template:Systems_science Template:Systems science
html
local
li
class
nv-view
html
local
abbr
title style
Discuss this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Template_talk:Systems_science Template talk:Systems science
html
local
li
class
nv-talk
html
local
abbr
title style
Edit this template ;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;
html
local
a
class href
external text //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Systems_science&action=edit
html
local
li
class
nv-edit
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_science Systems science
html
local
div
id style
Systems_science font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
html
local
th
scope class colspan
col navbox-title 2
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/System System
html
local
br
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Human_body Human body
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_art Systems art
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Biological_system Biological system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Complex_system Complex system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Complex_adaptive_system Complex adaptive system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Conceptual_system Conceptual system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Coupled_human%E2%80%93environment_system Coupled human–environment system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Database Database
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Dynamical_system Dynamical system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ecosystem Ecosystem
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Economic_system Economic system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Energy_system Energy system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Formal_system Formal system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Holon_(philosophy) Holon (philosophy)
html
local
li
html
local
a
class
mw-selflink selflink
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/List_of_national_legal_systems List of national legal systems
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/System_of_measurement System of measurement
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Metric_system Metric system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Multi-agent_system Multi-agent system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nervous_system Nervous system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Nonlinear_system Nonlinear system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Operating_system Operating system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Physical_system Physical system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Planetary_system Planetary system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Political_system Political system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Sensory_system mw-redirect Sensory system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Social_system Social system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Star_system Star system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Writing_system Writing system
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
br
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Chaos_theory Chaos theory
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Complex_systems mw-redirect Complex systems
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Control_theory Control theory
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Cybernetics Cybernetics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Earth_system_science Earth system science
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Living_systems Living systems
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Sociotechnical_system Sociotechnical system
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systemics Systemics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Urban_metabolism Urban metabolism
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/World-systems_theory World-systems theory
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
colspan class style
2 navbox-list navbox-even width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_analysis Systems analysis
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_biology Systems biology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/System_dynamics System dynamics
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_ecology Systems ecology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_engineering Systems engineering
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_neuroscience Systems neuroscience
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_pharmacology Systems pharmacology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_psychology Systems psychology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_theory Systems theory
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Systems_thinking mw-redirect Systems thinking
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
colspan class style
2 navbox-list navbox-odd width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style
nowraplinks navbox-subgroup border-spacing:0
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
br
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/List_of_systems_scientists List of systems scientists
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov Alexander Bogdanov
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Russell_L._Ackoff Russell L. Ackoff
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/William_Ross_Ashby mw-redirect William Ross Ashby
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ruzena_Bajcsy Ruzena Bajcsy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/B%C3%A9la_H._B%C3%A1n%C3%A1thy Béla H. Bánáthy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Gregory_Bateson Gregory Bateson
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Anthony_Stafford_Beer mw-redirect Anthony Stafford Beer
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Richard_E._Bellman Richard E. Bellman
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy Ludwig von Bertalanffy
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Margaret_Boden Margaret Boden
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding Kenneth E. Boulding
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Murray_Bowen Murray Bowen
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Kathleen_Carley Kathleen Carley
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Mary_Cartwright Mary Cartwright
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/C._West_Churchman C. West Churchman
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/George_Dantzig George Dantzig
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra Edsger W. Dijkstra
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster Heinz von Foerster
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Stephanie_Forrest Stephanie Forrest
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester Jay Wright Forrester
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Barbara_J._Grosz Barbara J. Grosz
html
local
li
html
local
a
href class title
/wiki/Charles_A_S_Hall mw-redirect Charles A S Hall
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Lydia_Kavraki Lydia Kavraki
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/James_J._Kay James J. Kay
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Faina_Mihajlovna_Kirillova Faina Mihajlovna Kirillova
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/George_Klir George Klir
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Allenna_Leonard Allenna Leonard
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz Edward Norton Lorenz
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann Niklas Luhmann
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Humberto_Maturana Humberto Maturana
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Margaret_Mead Margaret Mead
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Donella_Meadows Donella Meadows
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Mihajlo_D._Mesarovic Mihajlo D. Mesarovic
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/James_Grier_Miller James Grier Miller
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Radhika_Nagpal Radhika Nagpal
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Howard_T._Odum Howard T. Odum
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Talcott_Parsons Talcott Parsons
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine Ilya Prigogine
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Qian_Xuesen Qian Xuesen
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Anatol_Rapoport Anatol Rapoport
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Peter_Senge Peter Senge
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Claude_Shannon Claude Shannon
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Katia_Sycara Katia Sycara
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Francisco_Varela Francisco Varela
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Manuela_M._Veloso Manuela M. Veloso
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Kevin_Warwick Kevin Warwick
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Norbert_Wiener Norbert Wiener
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Jennifer_Wilby Jennifer Wilby
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Anthony_Wilden Anthony Wilden
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_theory_in_anthropology Systems theory in anthropology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_theory_in_archaeology Systems theory in archaeology
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Systems_theory_in_political_science Systems theory in political science
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/List_of_systems_sciences_organizations List of systems sciences organizations
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Principia_Cybernetica Principia Cybernetica
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-even text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
img
alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height
Complex-adaptive-system.jpg //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/16px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg 16 11 noviewer //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/24px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/32px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg 2x 2100 1500
html
local
a
href class
/wiki/File:Complex-adaptive-system.jpg image
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Systems_science Portal:Systems science
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
html
local
td
class colspan
navbox-abovebelow 2
html
local
tr
style
display: none;
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style id
nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit collapsibleTable0
html
local
div
role class aria-labelledby style
navigation navbox Systems_science padding:3px
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Authority_control Help:Authority control
html
local
th
scope class style
row navbox-group width:1%
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/National_Diet_Library National Diet Library
html
local
a
rel class href
nofollow external text https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01092953
html
local
span
class
uid
html
local
span
class
nowrap
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
style
padding:0em 0.25em
html
local
td
class style
navbox-list navbox-odd text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px
html
local
tr
html
local
tbody
html
local
table
class style
nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit
html
local
div
role class aria-label style
navigation navbox Navbox padding:3px
html
local
div
class
mw-parser-output
html
local
img
src alt title width height style
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1 1 1 border: none; position: absolute;
html
local
noscript
html
local
div
id lang dir class
mw-content-text en ltr mw-content-ltr
html
local
a
dir href
ltr https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_system&oldid=806174443
html
local
div
class
printfooter
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Category Help:Category
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Information Category:Information
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Information_systems Category:Information systems
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class
mw-normal-catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Pages_using_citations_with_accessdate_and_no_URL Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_BOT:_original-url_status_unknown Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_Multiple_names:_authors_list Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links Category:Webarchive template wayback links
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_introduction_cleanup_from_April_2017 Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup from April 2017
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup Category:All pages needing cleanup
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify_from_April_2017 Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from April 2017
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:All_articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Articles_with_weasel_words_from_April_2017 Category:Articles with weasel words from April 2017
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_April_2017 Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2017
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements Category:All articles with unsourced statements
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2013 Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013
html
local
li
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_July_2011 Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2011
html
local
li
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id class
mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden
html
local
div
id class data-mw
catlinks catlinks interface
html
local
div
class
visualClear
html
local
div
id class
bodyContent mw-body-content
html
local
div
id class role
content mw-body main
html
local
h2
html
local
h3
id
p-personal-label
html
local
li
id
pt-anonuserpage
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:MyTalk Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n] n
html
local
li
id
pt-anontalk
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:MyContributions A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y] y
html
local
li
id
pt-anoncontribs
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Information+system You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory
html
local
li
id
pt-createaccount
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Information+system You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o] o
html
local
li
id
pt-login
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-personal navigation p-personal-label
html
local
h3
id
p-namespaces-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Information_system View the content page [ctrl-alt-c] c
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-nstab-main selected
html
local
a
href rel title accesskey
/wiki/Talk:Information_system discussion Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t] t
html
local
span
html
local
li
id
ca-talk
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label
html
local
span
html
local
h3
id tabindex
p-variants-label 0
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
menu
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-variants navigation vectorMenu emptyPortlet p-variants-label
html
local
div
id
left-navigation
html
local
h3
id
p-views-label
html
local
a
href
/wiki/Information_system
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-view collapsible selected
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=edit Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e] e
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-edit collapsible
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=history Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h] h
html
local
span
html
local
li
id class
ca-history collapsible
html
local
ul
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label
html
local
span
html
local
h3
id tabindex
p-cactions-label 0
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
menu
html
local
div
id role class aria-labelledby
p-cactions navigation vectorMenu emptyPortlet p-cactions-label
html
local
label
for
searchInput
html
local
h3
html
local
div
id role
p-search search
html
local
div
id
right-navigation
html
local
div
id
mw-head
html
local
a
class href title
mw-wiki-logo /wiki/Main_Page Visit the main page
html
local
div
id role
p-logo banner
html
local
h3
id
p-navigation-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Main_Page Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z] z
html
local
li
id
n-mainpage-description
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Contents Guides to browsing Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-contents
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Featured_content Featured content – the best of Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-featuredcontent
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Portal:Current_events Find background information on current events
html
local
li
id
n-currentevents
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:Random Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x] x
html
local
li
id
n-randompage
html
local
a
href title
https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en Support us
html
local
li
id
n-sitesupport
html
local
a
href title
//shop.wikimedia.org Visit the Wikipedia store
html
local
li
id
n-shoplink
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label
html
local
h3
id
p-interaction-label
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Help:Contents Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-help
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:About Find out about Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-aboutsite
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal About the project, what you can do, where to find things
html
local
li
id
n-portal
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:RecentChanges A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r] r
html
local
li
id
n-recentchanges
html
local
a
href title
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us How to contact Wikipedia
html
local
li
id
n-contactpage
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label
html
local
h3
id
p-tb-label
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Information_system List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j] j
html
local
li
id
t-whatlinkshere
html
local
a
href rel title accesskey
/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Information_system nofollow Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k] k
html
local
li
id
t-recentchangeslinked
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard Upload files [ctrl-alt-u] u
html
local
li
id
t-upload
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/wiki/Special:SpecialPages A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q] q
html
local
li
id
t-specialpages
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&oldid=806174443 Permanent link to this revision of the page
html
local
li
id
t-permalink
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&action=info More information about this page
html
local
li
id
t-info
html
local
a
href title accesskey
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121182 Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g] g
html
local
li
id
t-wikibase
html
local
a
href title
/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Information_system&id=806174443 Information on how to cite this page
html
local
li
id
t-cite
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-tb p-tb-label
html
local
h3
id
p-coll-print_export-label
html
local
a
href
/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Information+system
html
local
li
id
coll-create_a_book
html
local
a
href
/w/index.php?title=Special:ElectronPdf&page=Information+system&action=show-download-screen
html
local
li
id
coll-download-as-rdf2latex
html
local
a
href title accesskey
/w/index.php?title=Information_system&printable=yes Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p] p
html
local
li
id
t-print
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-coll-print_export p-coll-print_export-label
html
local
h3
id
p-wikibase-otherprojects-label
html
local
a
href hreflang
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Information_systems en
html
local
li
class
wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons
html
local
ul
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label
html
local
span
class title tabindex role aria-haspopup
uls-settings-trigger Language settings 0 button true
html
local
h3
id
p-lang-label
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA نظم معلومات – Arabic ar ar interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ar
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nformasiya_sistemi İnformasiya sistemi – Azerbaijani az az interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0 Інфармацыйная сістэма – Belarusian be be interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0 Інфармацыйная сыстэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography) be-x-old be-x-old interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8 Информационни системи – Bulgarian bg bg interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacioni_sistem Informacioni sistem – Bosnian bs bs interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_d%27informaci%C3%B3 Sistema d'informació – Catalan ca ca interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m Informační systém – Czech cs cs interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationssystem Informationssystem – Danish da da interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationssystem Informationssystem – German de de interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infos%C3%BCsteem Infosüsteem – Estonian et et interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CF%83%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1 Πληροφοριακά συστήματα – Greek el el interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_informaci%C3%B3n Sistema de información – Spanish es es interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-es
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa_sistemo Informa sistemo – Esperanto eo eo interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informazio_sistema Informazio sistema – Basque eu eu interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C سیستم اطلاعاتی – Persian fa fa interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information Système d'information – French fr fr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_informaci%C3%B3n Sistema de información – Galician gl gl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C 정보 시스템 – Korean ko ko interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3 Տեղեկատվական համակարգ – Armenian hy hy interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacijski_sustavi Informacijski sustavi – Croatian hr hr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_informasi Sistem informasi – Indonesian id id interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-id
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_informativo_aziendale Sistema informativo aziendale – Italian it it interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2 מערכת מידע – Hebrew he he interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96 Ақпарат жүйелері – Kazakh kk kk interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacin%C4%97_sistema Informacinė sistema – Lithuanian lt lt interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_maklumat Sistem maklumat – Malay ms ms interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ms
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemas_d%27anforma%C3%A7on Sistemas d'anformaçon – Mirandese mwl mwl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC Мэдээллийн систем – Mongolian mn mn interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-mn
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informatiesysteem Informatiesysteem – Dutch nl nl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0 情報システム – Japanese ja ja interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasjonssystem Informasjonssystem – Norwegian no no interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_informacyjny System informacyjny – Polish pl pl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o Sistema de informação – Portuguese pt pt interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_informatic Sistem informatic – Romanian ro ro interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0 Информационная система – Russian ru ru interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ru
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_seestems Information seestems – Scots sco sco interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_i_informacionit Sistemi i informacionit – Albanian sq sq interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_%27nfurmativi Sistemi 'nfurmativi – Sicilian scn scn interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_systems Information systems – Simple English simple simple interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_syst%C3%A9m Informačný systém – Slovak sk sk interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacijski_sistem Informacijski sistem – Slovenian sl sl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC Информациони систем – Serbian sr sr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacioni_sistem Informacioni sistem – Serbo-Croatian sh sh interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistim_informasi Sistim informasi – Sundanese su su interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-su
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietoj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4 Tietojärjestelmä – Finnish fi fi interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationssystem Informationssystem – Swedish sv sv interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_ng_impormasyon Sistema ng impormasyon – Tagalog tl tl interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D தகவல் அமைப்புகள் – Tamil ta ta interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81 సమాచార వ్యవస్థలు – Telugu te te interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8 ระบบสารสนเทศ – Thai th th interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgi_Sistemi Bilgi Sistemi – Turkish tr tr interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0 Інформаційна система – Ukrainian uk uk interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin Hệ thống thông tin – Vietnamese vi vi interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
html
local
a
href title lang hreflang class
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F 信息系统 – Chinese zh zh interlanguage-link-target
html
local
li
class
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh
html
local
ul
html
local
a
href title class
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121182#sitelinks-wikipedia Edit interlanguage links wbc-editpage
html
local
span
class
wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link
html
local
div
class
after-portlet after-portlet-lang
html
local
div
class
body
html
local
div
class role id aria-labelledby
portal navigation p-lang p-lang-label
html
local
div
id
mw-panel
html
local
div
id
mw-navigation
html
local
li
id
footer-info-lastmod
html
local
a
rel href
license //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License
html
local
a
rel href style
license //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ display:none;
html
local
a
href
//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use
html
local
a
href
//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy
html
local
a
href
//www.wikimediafoundation.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-info-copyright
html
local
ul
id
footer-info
html
local
a
href class title
https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy extiw wmf:Privacy policy
html
local
li
id
footer-places-privacy
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:About Wikipedia:About
html
local
li
id
footer-places-about
html
local
a
href title
/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer Wikipedia:General disclaimer
html
local
li
id
footer-places-disclaimer
html
local
a
href
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us
html
local
li
id
footer-places-contact
html
local
a
href
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute
html
local
li
id
footer-places-developers
html
local
a
href
https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Cookie_statement
html
local
li
id
footer-places-cookiestatement
html
local
a
href class
//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information_system&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle
html
local
li
id
footer-places-mobileview
html
local
a
href
#
html
local
li
style
html
local
ul
id
footer-places
html
local
img
src srcset width height alt
/static/images/wikimedia-button.png /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x 88 31 Wikimedia Foundation
html
local
a
href
https://wikimediafoundation.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-copyrightico
html
local
img
src alt srcset width height
/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png Powered by MediaWiki /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x 88 31
html
local
a
href
//www.mediawiki.org/
html
local
li
id
footer-poweredbyico
html
local
ul
id class
footer-icons noprint
html
local
div
style
clear:both
html
local
div
id role
footer contentinfo
html
local
div
class
suggestions-results
html
local
div
class
suggestions-special
html
local
div
class style
suggestions display: none; font-size: 13px;
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 10 8, 18 0, 26 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-mask
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 274 8, 282 0, 290 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-mask-flip
html
local
polygon
points
0 8, 174 8, 182 0, 190 8, 1000 8, 1000 1000, 0 1000
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-landscape-mask
html
local
polygon
points
0 0, 1000 0, 1000 242, 190 242, 182 250, 174 242, 0 242
html
local
clippath
id
mwe-popups-landscape-mask-flip
html
local
defs
html
local
svg
width height
0 0
html
local
div
id
mwe-popups-svg
html
local
body
class
mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Information_system rootpage-Information_system vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view
html
local