 Environmental concentrations can exceed adverse @-@ effect @-@ <unk> in cadmium @-@ polluted ecosystems ( e.g. in some parts of Europe ) and <unk> cadmium can accumulate in invertebrates , earthworms , <unk> , marine mammals , plants , and some algal species ; effects in animals include kidney disorders , <unk> of enzymes , disruption of calcium metabolism , and changes in cell membrane <unk> ; excess Cd uptake in plants can affect growth and metabolic processes such as <unk> and <unk> . 
