 The Arp2 / 3 complex appears to be important in a variety of specialized cell functions that involve the actin cytoskeleton . The complex is found in cellular regions characterized by dynamic actin filament activity : in <unk> cups , in the leading edge of motile cells ( <unk> ) , and in motile actin patches in yeast . In mammals and the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum it is required for phagocytosis . The complex has also been shown to be involved in the establishment of cell polarity and the migration of <unk> monolayers in a wound @-@ healing model . In mammalian oocytes , the Arp2 / 3 complex is involved in oocyte asymmetric division and polar body emission , which result from the failure of spindle migration ( a unique feature of oocyte division ) and cytokinesis . Moreover , enteropathogenic organisms like Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella use the Arp2 / 3 complex for actin @-@ <unk> dependent rocketing movements . The Arp2 / 3 complex also regulates the intracellular motility of endosomes , lysosomes , <unk> vesicles , and mitochondria . Moreover , recent studies show that the Arp2 / 3 complex is essential for proper polar cell expansion in plants . Arp2 / 3 mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana result in abnormal filament organization , which in turn affects the expansion of trichomes , pavement cells , hypocotyl cells , and root hair cells . 
