 In the immediate aftermath of the war , Pius XII elevated a number of high @-@ profile resistors of Nazism to the College of Cardinals in 1946 , among them the German Bishops Joseph Frings of Cologne , August von Galen of Münster and Konrad von Preysing of Berlin . From elsewhere in the liberated Nazi Empire Pius selected other resistors : Dutch Archbishop Johannes de Jong ; Hungarian Bishop József Mindszenty ; Polish Archbishop Adam Stefan Sapieha ; and French Archbishop Jules @-@ <unk> <unk> . In 1946 and 1953 , respectively , he named as cardinals Thomas Tien of China and Valerian Gracias of India – the first indigenous Catholics of their respective nations to sit in the College of Cardinals . Italian Papal diplomat Angelo Roncalli ( later Pope John XXIII ) and Polish Archbishop Stefan Wyszyński were others among those elevated in 1953 . 
