 The 1539 alliance between Francis and Charles had soured , eventually degenerating into renewed war . With Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn dead , relations between Charles and Henry improved considerably , and Henry concluded a secret alliance with the Emperor and decided to enter the Italian War in favour of his new ally . An invasion of France was planned for 1543 . In preparation for it , Henry moved to eliminate the potential threat of Scotland under the youthful James V. Victory would continue the Reformation in Scotland , which was still Catholic , and Henry hoped to unite the crowns of England and Scotland by marriage of James ' daughter , the future Mary , Queen of Scots , to his son Edward . Henry made war on Scotland for several years in pursuit of this goal , a campaign dubbed by Victorian chroniclers as " the Rough Wooing " . 
