 <unk> are very scarce on the gill faces ; when present , they are thin @-@ walled , 170 µm long by 24 µm wide , with brownish refractive contents , and arise from deep in the tissue of the hymenophore . The edge of the gill is sterile ( lacking basidia ) , and has marginal cells that are 30 – 45 by 4 – 6 µm , cylindrical to somewhat sinuous ( curvy ) , thin @-@ walled , and hyaline ( translucent ) . The tissue of the cap has abundant sphaerocysts ( spherical , swollen cells common to the Russulaceae ) and measure 25 – 65 by 24 – 50 µm , in addition to filamentous hyphae that are up to 10 µm wide . <unk> ( latex @-@ containing ) hyphae are common in the cap tissue . They are up to 15 µm wide with a longitudinal orientation . Although they diverge from the trama somewhat ( spreading out from the center of the gill ) , they do not form projecting pseudocystidia . The subhymenium ( the layer of cells directly under the hymenium ) is made of club @-@ shaped to nearly spherical cells that are 16 – 27 by 9 – 17 µm . The tissue that comprises the hymenophore is made of several parts . It contains abundant , nearly <unk> ( 17 – 25 by 13 – 18 µm ) cells , and filamentous hyphae that measure 3 @.@ 5 – 6 @.@ 5 µm ; lactiferous hyphae are frequent , up to 7 – 12 µm wide , straight and only occasionally branching . The cap cuticle is a trichoderm — meaning the outermost hyphae emerge roughly parallel , like hairs , perpendicular to the cap surface . It is up to 140 µm thick and comprises two layers . The upper layer , the suprapellis , is made of plentiful , colorless hyphae that are 20 – 51 by 4 – 6 µm , thin @-@ walled ( up to 0 @.@ 5 µm ) , and range in shape from obtuse to somewhat acute to knob @-@ like or pear @-@ shaped . The lower layer of the cap cuticle , the subpellis , is made of both plentiful hyphae that are 3 – 8 µm wide and somewhat more inflated colorless cells up to 10 – 18 µm wide . Lactarius rupestris does not have clamp connections in its hyphae . 
