 The first grapevines were brought to Peru shortly after its conquest by Spain in the 16th century . Spanish chroniclers from the time note the first winemaking in South America took place in the hacienda <unk> of Cuzco . The largest and most prominent vineyards of the 16th and 17th century Americas were established in the Ica valley of south @-@ central Peru . In the 1540s , Bartolomé de Terrazas and Francisco de <unk> planted vineyards in Peru . <unk> also established vineyards in Ica , from where Spaniards from Andalucia and Extremadura introduced grapevines into Chile . 
