 Arnold became President at a crucial time in Rhode Island 's history . Tremendous political change was occurring in England , and this resulted in significant changes and opportunities for the little colony of Rhode Island , which was constantly being harassed by its larger , predatory neighbors , primarily Massachusetts and Connecticut . Since the overthrow and execution of England 's King Charles I in 1649 , Oliver Cromwell had been running the country , but his death in 1658 marked the restoration of the monarchy , and Charles II ascended to the throne . Rhode Island was quick to adjust to the new political reality , and on 18 October 1660 the General Court of Commissioners met at Warwick , where two letters were read , one from Dr. Clarke telling of the Restoration , and one from His Majesty , containing the royal declaration and proclamation . Leaders in the colony set aside a special day of proclamation , where the citizens could recognize the new king . 
