 The theoretical concerns surrounding throffers have been practically applied concerning workfare programmes . In such systems , individuals receiving social welfare have their aid decreased if they refuse the offer of work or education . Robert Goodin criticised workfare programmes which presented throffers to individuals receiving welfare , and was responded to by Daniel Shapiro , who found his objections unconvincing . Several writers have also observed that throffers presented to people convicted of crimes , particularly sex offenders , can result in more lenient sentences if they accept medical treatment . Other examples are offered by psychiatrist Julio <unk> @-@ Flórez , who presents concerns about throffers in community psychiatry , and management expert John J. Clancey , who talks about throffers in employment . 
