 While headquartered in the U.S. , nearly all its manufacturing was done in Israel , where it was able to substantially benefit from government subsidies and tax credits provided to research and development for hi @-@ tech firms and industries by the Office of the Chief Scientist in the Ministry of Trade and Industry and by the Israel @-@ U.S. Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation . Many other Israeli companies were built by the same model , including another top software company , Mercury Interactive . During the 1990s , Comverse received at least 69 research and development grants from the OCS program . 
