 According to management researcher John J. Clancey , scientific management can involve the use of throffers . While piecework had been utilised since the Middle Ages , Frederick Winslow Taylor blended rationalised management with piecework , to create a new system . Productivity processes were standardised , after which point managers were able to present a throffer to workers : higher pay was offered if they were able to exceed the standard , while lower pay was threatened for any who did not meet expectations . 
