 While at Toronto , Havelock began formulating his theory of orality and literacy , establishing the context of a later movement at the University interested in the critical study of communication , which Donald F. <unk> has called the " Toronto School of Communications . " Havelock 's work was complemented by that of Harold Innis , who was working on the history of media . The work Havelock and Innis began in the 1930s was the preliminary basis for the influential theories of communication developed by Marshall McLuhan and Edmund Snow Carpenter in the 1950s . 
