 Remains of Nesomys narindaensis have been found at the sites of <unk> , <unk> , and <unk> in northwestern Madagascar , which are late Pleistocene ( 126 @,@ 000 to 10 @,@ 000 years ago ) and Holocene ( less than 10 @,@ 000 years ago ) in age . Nesomys is a rare element of the rodent fauna , which is dominated by multiple species of Eliurus and Macrotarsomys . Modern Nesomys live on the ground in eastern ( N. <unk> and N. rufus ) and western ( N. lambertoni ) Madagascar . The only surviving western species , N. lambertoni , is restricted to a relict humid karst area ; the presence of N. narindaensis and Brachyuromys mahajambaensis suggests that the past environment in northwestern Madagascar was also more humid . Subfossil remains of Nesomys have been recorded from some other localities in northwestern Madagascar , but these have not been described . 
