 Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using regenerative cooling and his invention , the vacuum flask . He produced solid hydrogen the next year . Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey , and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford , Mark Oliphant , and Paul Harteck . Heavy water , which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen , was discovered by Urey 's group in 1932 . François Isaac de <unk> built the first de <unk> engine , an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in 1806 . Edward Daniel Clarke invented the hydrogen gas blowpipe in 1819 . The Döbereiner 's lamp and limelight were invented in 1823 . 
