 Oral trauma , including recession of gingival tissue and dental fracture and wear . Recession of gingival tissue affects 19 % to 68 % of subjects with lip and / or intra @-@ oral ornaments . In some cases , the alveolar tooth @-@ bearing bone is also involved , jeopardizing the stability and durability of the teeth in place and requiring a periodontal regeneration surgery . Dental fracture and wear affects 14 % to 41 % of subjects with lip and / or intra @-@ oral ornaments . 
