 Chief Justice Marshall and Justice Story in particular were known for making use of certificates of division while riding circuit . For example , Justice Marshall was one of the divided judges in United States v. Klintock ( 1820 ) , United States v. Smith ( 1820 ) , United States v. Amedy ( 1826 ) , United States v. Turner ( 1833 ) , and United States v. Mills ( 1833 ) ; and Justice Story played the role in United States v. Coolidge ( 1816 ) , United States v. Bevans ( 1818 ) , United States v. Palmer ( 1818 ) , United States v. Holmes ( 1820 ) , and Marchant . But , Justice Story — in his opinions for the Court — cautioned against the too frequent use of certificates of division in criminal cases . In United States v. Gooding ( 1827 ) , for the Court , Justice Story wrote : 
