 The last Ayyubid ruler of Hama died in 1299 and Hama briefly passed through direct Mamluk suzerainty . However , in 1310 , under the patronage of the Mamluk sultan al @-@ Nasir Muhammad , Hama was restored to the Ayyubids under the well @-@ known geographer and author Abu al @-@ Fida . The latter died in 1331 and was succeeded by his son al @-@ Afdal Muhammad , who eventually lost the favor of his Mamluk overlords . He was removed from his post in 1341 and Hama was formally placed under Mamluk rule . 
