 The communist movement was also strengthened by the release of those of its leaders who had been imprisoned by Ubico . Among them were Miguel Mármol , Víctor Manuel Gutiérrez , and Graciela García , the latter unusual for being a woman in a movement that women were discouraged from participating in . The communists began to organize in the capital , and established a school for workers , known as the Escuela Claridad , or the Clarity School , which taught reading , writing , and also helped organize unions . Six months after the school was established , President Arévalo closed the school down , and deported all the leaders of the movement who were not Guatemalan . However , the communist movement survived , mostly by its dominance of the teacher 's union . 
