 Legal analysts have identified problems associated with circuit splits . Jesse M. Boodoo , for example , suggests that circuit splits create a state of confusion and uncertainty for citizens . Because different laws are applied and enforced in different jurisdictions , Daniel J. Meador has argued that Circuit splits may create a judicial " Tower of Babel . " Additionally , Wayne A. Logan has argued that if courts speak with a unified voice , this will " secure popular respect for judicial authority . " Likewise , Matthew Lund cautions that circuit splits will lead to forum shopping , where litigants flock to jurisdictions with more favorable laws . Judge Kimberly A. Moore also suggests that circuit splits and forum shopping lead to economic inefficiency because outcomes are unpredictable and litigants are less likely to settle . 
