 Following the Japanese surrender , the KMT and the CPC resumed the Chinese Civil War which they had set aside in the United Front to fight the Japanese in 1937 . In December 1945 , President Harry S. Truman sent General George C. Marshall to China to negotiate a ceasefire and to form a unified government between the CPC and the KMT . While Marshall spent most of his time in Chungking , the Dixie Mission hosted Marshall in Yan 'an so he could speak with the CPC leadership . Like Hurley , Marshall failed to develop a lasting compromise , and the Civil War resumed . 
