 By 1636 , Nurhaci 's son Huang Taiji renamed his dynasty from the " Later Jin " to the " Great Qing " at Shenyang , which had fallen to Qing forces in 1621 and was made their capital in 1625 . Huang Taiji also adopted the Chinese imperial title huangdi , declared the Chongde ( " Revering Virtue " ) era , and changed the ethnic name of his people from " Jurchen " to " Manchu " . In 1638 the Manchu defeated and conquered Ming China 's traditional ally Joseon with an army of 100 @,@ 000 troops in the Second Manchu invasion of Korea . Shortly after , the Koreans renounced their long @-@ held loyalty to the Ming dynasty . 
