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10.1093/nar/gkv1248 | EGGNOG 4.5: A hierarchical orthology framework with improved functional annotations for eukaryotic, prokaryotic and viral sequences | EggNOG is a public resource that provides Orthologous Groups (OGs) of proteins at different taxonomic levels, each with integrated and summarized functional annotations. Developments since the latest public release include changes to the algorithm for creating OGs across taxonomic levels, making nested groups hierarchically consistent. This allows for a better propagation of functional terms across nested OGs and led to the novel annotation of 95 890 previously uncharacterized OGs, increasing overall annotation coverage from 67% to 72%. The functional annotations of OGs have been expanded to also provide Gene Ontology terms, KEGG pathways and SMART/Pfam domains for each group. Moreover, eggNOG now provides pairwise orthology relationships within OGs based on analysis of phylogenetic trees. We have also incorporated a framework for quickly mapping novel sequences to OGs based on precomputed HMM profiles. Finally, eggNOG version 4. 5 incorporates a novel data set spanning 2605 viral OGs, covering 5228 proteins from 352 viral proteomes. All data are accessible for bulk downloading, as a web-service, and through a completely redesigned web interface. The new access points provide faster searches and a number of new browsing and visualization capabilities, facilitating the needs of both experts and less experienced users. eggNOG v4. 5 is available at http://eggnog. embl. de. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1074/jbc.M116.774141 | Identification and characterization of Nanobodies targeting the EphA4 receptor | The ephrin receptor A4 (EphA4) is one of the receptors in the ephrin system that plays a pivotal role in a variety of cell-cell interactions, mostly studied during development. In addition, EphA4 has been found to play a role in cancer biology as well as in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacological blocking of EphA4 has been suggested to be a therapeutic strategy for these disorders. Therefore, the aim of our study was to generate potent and selective Nanobodies against the ligand-binding domain of the human EphA4 receptor. Weidentified two Nanobodies, Nb 39 and Nb 53, that bind EphA4 with affinities in the nanomolar range. These Nanobodies were most selective for EphA4, with residual binding to EphA7 only. Using Alphascreen technology, we found that both Nanobodies displaced all known EphA4-binding ephrins from the receptor. Furthermore, Nb39 and Nb53 inhibited ephrin-induced phosphorylation of the EphA4protein in a cell-based assay. Finally, in a cortical neuron primary culture, both Nanobodies were able to inhibit endogenous EphA4-mediated growth-cone collapse induced by ephrin-B3. Our results demonstrate the potential of Nanobodies to target the ligand-binding domain of EphA4. These Nanobodiesmaydeservefurther evaluationas potential therapeutics in disorders in which EphA4-mediated signaling plays a role. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W3109033298 | How Islam Views Wages and Productivity : A Perspective Review | The relationship between wages and productivity is likened to two sides of a coin that are closelyrelated. Talking about productivity without touching the wage aspect in an industrial process is likened toexpecting results, regardless of the causes that drive the realization of these results. If our productivity isplaced as a result or expected impact of the company on its workforce, then the construction of a fair,objective and transparent wage system greatly contributes to realizing the company's goals. In terms of themain causal factors for creating a work spirit that encourages labor productivity in a company, the wagefactor is the most influential factor in terms of labor. Considering those relationship, then studies of wagesand productivity are widely discussed by economists and management experts. However, generally thediscussion is based on the views of economists and management experts in general. The Islamic approach inlooking at economic and management issues still gets a smaller portion than the conventional approach. Infact, Islam with the spirit and the values it carries provides a picture, pattern, and principles that are no lessimportant in the context of wages and their relation to productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to analyzeand provide formulations, concepts and an overview of the relationship of wages and productivity in anIslamic perspective. As a result, there were several important principles in the context of the relationship ofwages and productivity in Islam. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1038/ncb2940 | Lipidation of the LC3/GABARAP family of autophagy proteins relies on a membrane-curvature-sensing domain in Atg3 | The components supporting autophagosome growth on the cup-like isolation membrane are likely to be different from those found on closed and maturing autophagosomes. The highly curved rim of the cup may serve as a functionally required surface for transiently associated components of the early acting autophagic machinery. Here we demonstrate that the E2-like enzyme, Atg3, facilitates LC3/GABARAP lipidation only on membranes exhibiting local lipid-packing defects. This activity requires an amino-terminal amphipathic helix similar to motifs found on proteins targeting highly curved intracellular membranes. By tuning the hydrophobicity of this motif, we can promote or inhibit lipidation in vitro and in rescue experiments in Atg3-knockout cells, implying a physiologic role for this stress detection. The need for extensive lipid-packing defects suggests that Atg3 is designed to work at highly curved membranes, perhaps including the limiting edge of the growing phagophore. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s00440-018-0833-1 | The Root solution to the multi-marginal embedding problem: an optimal stopping and time-reversal approach | We provide a complete characterisation of the Root solution to the Skorokhod embedding problem (SEP) by means of an optimal stopping formulation. Our methods are purely probabilistic and the analysis relies on a tailored time-reversal argument. This approach allows us to address the long-standing question of a multiple marginals extension of the Root solution of the SEP. Our main result establishes a complete solution to the n-marginal SEP using first hitting times of barrier sets by the time–space process. The barriers are characterised by means of a recursive sequence of optimal stopping problems. Moreover, we prove that our solution enjoys a global optimality property extending the one-marginal Root case. Our results hold for general, one-dimensional, martingale diffusions. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/asjc.981 | Performance of an adaptive controller for the neuromuscular blockade based on inversion of a Wiener model | An adaptive controller based on a minimally parameterized parsimonious Wiener model for the effect of the muscle relaxant rocuronium in the neuromuscular blockade is presented. The controller structure combines inversion of the recursively identified static nonlinearity of the Wiener model with a positive compartmental control law for the linearized system. The overall strategy exploits the fact that the model has only two parameters, which are estimated by an extended Kalman filter. Due to the fact that the positive control law for total mass conservation of compartmental systems is only proven to be convergent for time-invariant systems, the identification of the parameter in the linear block of the minimally parameterized parsimonious Wiener model is stopped when the controller is turned on. The controller was implemented in the platform Galeno and tested in simulation and in thirteen real cases of patients under general anesthesia. The good reference tracking results and robustness to noise show the reliability of the proposed strategy. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0506 | Molecular Analysis Of Endometrial Tumorigenesis Importance Of Complex Hyperplasia Regardless Of Atypia | Purpose: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is common in the population and the most frequent extracolonic malignancy in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC)/Lynch syndrome. We characterized precursor lesions of endometrioid EC to identify markers of malignant transformation and tumor progression. Experimental Design: Serial specimens of normal endometrium, simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia without atypia, complex hyperplasia with atypia, and endometrial carcinoma obtained during a 10-year surveillance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation carriers (together 110 samples) were molecularly profiled and compared with a sporadic reference series of endometrial specimens taken for nonmalignant reasons (62 samples). Results: Among MMR gene mutation carriers, decreased MMR protein expression was present in 7% in normal endometrium, 40% in simple hyperplasia, 100% in complex hyperplasia without atypia, 92% in complex hyperplasia with atypia, and 100% in endometrial carcinoma. Microsatellite instability frequencies were lower (6%, 17%, 67%, 38%, and 64%, respectively). Among 24 tumor suppressor genes, the number of methylated loci increased from normal endometrium to simple hyperplasia to complex hyperplasia (complex hyperplasia without atypia/complex hyperplasia with atypia) in both Lynch syndrome and reference series. The most frequently methylated genes were CDH13, RASSF1A , and GSTP1 . In MMR gene mutation carriers, MMR and methylation defects appeared up to 12 years before endometrial carcinoma. Conclusions: Molecular changes in endometrial tissue are detectable several years before endometrial carcinoma in genetically predisposed individuals. Abnormal MMR and methylation classify normal endometrium and simple hyperplasia into one category and complex hyperplasia without atypia, complex hyperplasia with atypia, and endometrial carcinoma into another, suggesting that, contrary to a traditional view, complex hyperplasia without atypia and complex hyperplasia with atypia are equally important as precursor lesions of endometrial carcinoma. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(18):5772–83) | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/d0nr07015g | Spin-wave spectroscopy of individual ferromagnetic nanodisks | An original spatially resolved approach is demonstrated for spin-wave spectroscopy of individual circular magnetic elements. It allows for the deduction of the saturation magnetization and the exchange stiffness of the material with high precision. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
US 2016/0038660 W | SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND COMPUTER MEDIUM TO PROVIDE ENTROPY BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPHASE FLOW | Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.022 | Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels at Nodes of Ranvier Secure Axonal Spike Propagation | Functional connectivity between brain regions relies on long-range signaling by myelinated axons. This is secured by saltatory action potential propagation that depends fundamentally on sodium channel availability at nodes of Ranvier. Although various potassium channel types have been anatomically localized to myelinated axons in the brain, direct evidence for their functional recruitment in maintaining node excitability is scarce. Cerebellar Purkinje cells provide continuous input to their targets in the cerebellar nuclei, reliably transmitting axonal spikes over a wide range of rates, requiring a constantly available pool of nodal sodium channels. We show that the recruitment of calcium-activated potassium channels (IK, KCa3. 1) by local, activity-dependent calcium (Ca2+) influx at nodes of Ranvier via a T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ current provides a powerful mechanism that likely opposes depolarizing block at the nodes and is thus pivotal to securing continuous axonal spike propagation in spontaneously firing Purkinje cells. Functional connectivity between brain regions relies on long-range signaling by myelinated axons. Gründemann and Clark show that local, activity-dependent calcium influx at nodes of Ranvier recruits calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa3. 1) that drive repolarization and sustain node excitability, providing a pivotal mechanism to secure spike propagation along Purkinje cell axons. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2030292211 | Analysis of EEG rhythms under local sinusoidal ELF magnetic field exposure: An approach to neurofeedback enhancement on attention performance | Although there is no consensus with respect to that if exposed Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) affects human brain activity for guidelines of brain management, there are some evidences related with human attention changes. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of 45 Hz sinusoidal ELF (360 μT) at Cz regions, cantered at dominant frequency using Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis. The purpose was to extracte transient or permanent events as an index for new neurofeedback (NF) system improvement. Twenty-four healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 28 years of age were randomly assigned to one of two groups, which differed in the type of NF training concerning the exposed and non-exposed magnetic field effect on performance in attention tests during NF. Results indicate that theta and beta EEG rhythms variations in exposed group changed more significantly in comparison of traditional NF (P | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201118312 | A Herschel View Of The Far Infrared Properties Of Submillimetre Galaxies | We study a sample of 61 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) selected from ground-based surveys, with known spectroscopic redshifts and observed with Herschel as part of the PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) and the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) key programmes. We use the broad far-infrared wavelength coverage (100-600um) provided by the combination of PACS and SPIRE observations. Using a power-law temperature distribution model to derive infrared luminosities and dust temperatures, we measure a dust emissivity spectral index for SMGs of beta=2. 0+/-0. 2. Our results unveil the diversity of the SMG population. Some SMGs exhibit extreme infrared luminosities of ~10^13 Lsun and relatively warm dust components, while others are fainter (~10^12 Lsun) and are biased towards cold dust temperatures. The extreme infrared luminosities of some SMGs (LIR>10^12. 7 Lsun, 26/61 systems) imply SFRs of >500Msun yr^-1. Such high SFRs are difficult to reconcile with a secular mode of star formation, and may instead correspond to a merger-driven stage in the evolution of these galaxies. Another observational argument in favour of this scenario is the presence of dust temperatures warmer than that of SMGs of lower luminosities (~40K as opposed to ~25K), consistent with observations of local ULIRGs triggered by major mergers and with results from hydrodynamic simulations of major mergers combined with radiative transfer calculations. Luminous SMGs are also offset from normal star-forming galaxies in the stellar mass-SFR plane, suggesting that they are undergoing starburst events with short duty cycles, compatible with the major merger scenario. On the other hand, a significant fraction of the low infrared luminosity SMGs have cold dust temperatures, are located close to the main sequence of star formation, and thus might be evolving through a secular mode of star formation. [abridged] | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/15476286.2015.1096488 | Identification Of Linc Ned125 A Novel Long Non Coding Rna That Hosts Mir 125B 1 And Negatively Controls Proliferation Of Human Neuroblastoma Cells | The human genome contains some thousands of long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Many of these transcripts are presently considered crucial regulators of gene expression and functionally implicated in developmental processes in Eukaryotes. Notably, despite a huge number of lncRNAs are expressed in the Central Nervous System (CNS), only a few of them have been characterized in terms of molecular structure, gene expression regulation and function. In the present study, we identify linc-NeD125 as a novel cytoplasmic, neuronal-induced long intergenic non coding RNA (lincRNA). Linc-NeD125 represents the host gene for miR-125b-1, a microRNA with an established role as negative regulator of human neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that these two overlapping non coding RNAs are coordinately induced during in vitro neuronal differentiation, and that their expression is regulated by different mechanisms. While the production of miR-125b-1 relies on transcriptional regulation, linc-NeD125 is controlled at the post-transcriptional level, through modulation of its stability. We also demonstrate that linc-NeD125 functions independently of the hosted microRNA, by reducing cell proliferation and activating the antiapoptotic factor BCL-2. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 9814263 W | COMPOSITE ELECTRICAL CONTACT STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME | An improved wear resistant bump contact (Fig. 1, item 16) is produced by the inclusion of small particles (18) of hard materials in the conductive material of the contact bump, preferably by co-deposition at the time of electroplating of the bump bulk material. Desirable attributes of the small particles of hard material include small particle size, hardness greater than the hardness of the bulk material of the contact bump, compatibility with the plating conditions, and electrical conductivity. In one variation, the bump of metal-particle co-deposited material is coated by a thin cap layer (19) of noble, non oxidizing metal to prevent electrical erosion by arcing as contact is made and broken from the pad. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
interreg_1649 | Hot springs to foster health and mutual knowledge | The project focuses on tourism promotion in the cross-border area by defining tourist packages that are suitable to the elderly people (and other age groups). In order to diversify the contents of tourist packages, there are two main offers: spas and cultural tourism. In this sense the project aims at developing and promoting tourism that is centred on health, socialising, recreational activities and culture. The actions envisaged include the publication of bilingual information and promotional material, the presentation - at targeted meetings - of spas present in the cross-border area, the organisation of trips to familiarize with the area, the promotion of wellness and recreational trips in the various spas, and all the related activities. A website will also be set up to present tourist products and packages for the elderly, to foster socialising and familiarity across the two neighbouring cultures. The project also aims at disseminating medical and health prevention, so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly, while contributing to the growth of the local economy. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1534/g3.115.023622 | Genomic signatures of experimental adaptation to antimicrobial peptides in Staphylococcus aureus | The evolution of resistance against antimicrobial peptides has long been considered unlikely due to their mechanism of action, yet experimental selection with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) results in rapid evolution of resistance in several species of bacteria. Although numerous studies have utilized mutant screens to identify loci that determine AMP susceptibility, there is a dearth of data concerning the genomic changes that accompany experimental evolution of AMP resistance. Using genome resequencing, we analyzed the mutations that arose during experimental evolution of resistance to the cationic AMPs iseganan, melittin, and pexiganan, as well as to a combination of melittin and pexiganan, or to the aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin. Analysis of 17 independently replicated Staphylococcus aureus selection lines, including unselected controls, showed that each AMP selected for mutations at distinct loci. We identify mutations in genes involved in the synthesis and maintenance of the cell envelope. These include genes previously identified from mutant screens for AMP resistance, and genes involved in the response to AMPs and cell-wall-active antibiotics. Furthermore, transposon insertion mutants were used to verify that a number of the identified genes are directly involved in determining AMP susceptibility. Strains selected for AMP resistance under controlled experimental evolution displayed consistent AMP-specific mutations in genes that determine AMP susceptibility. This suggests that different routes to evolve resistance are favored within a controlled genetic background. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
176529 | Real-Time up-conversion luminescence thermometry based on lanthanide doped nanodiamonds in a living cell | This project will develop a novel thermometer based for intracellular temperature sensing application. Success will bring real-time high-resolution probing and imaging of temperature within living cells to the research community; this can promote novel insight about the pathology and, in turn, help establish a powerful tool in terms of its potential to support early diagnoses and therapies in a broad range of disease areas. In this respect the RULE-THERM project aims to contribute a foundational development of a technology with potentially wide applicability. The project brings together a talented young Fellow with a strong nano-science background and an internationally growing group of researchers at Aston University with expertise in diamond-based materials, which offer excellent biocompatibility and thus have a great potential for cellular interface. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.007 | Heritability of lifetime ecstasy use | Background Ecstasy is a widely used psychoactive drug that users often take because they experience positive effects such as increased euphoria, sociability, elevated mood, and heightened sensations. Ecstasy use is not harmless and several immediate and long term side effects have been identified. Lifetime ecstasy use is likely to be partly influenced by genetic factors, but no twin study has determined the heritability. Here, we apply a classical twin design to a large sample of twins and siblings to estimate the heritability of lifetime ecstasy use. Methods The sample comprised 8500 twins and siblings aged between 18 and 45 years from 5402 families registered at the Netherlands Twin Registry. In 2013–2014 participants filled out a questionnaire including a question whether they had ever used ecstasy. We used the classical twin design to partition the individual differences in liability to ecstasy use into that due to genetic, shared environmental, and residual components. Results Overall, 10. 4% of the sample had used ecstasy during their lifetime, with a somewhat higher prevalence in males than females. Twin modelling indicated that individual differences in liability to lifetime ecstasy use are for 74% due to genetic differences between individuals, whereas shared environmental and residual factors explain a small proportion of its liability (5% and 21%, respectively). Although heritability estimates appeared to be higher for females than males, this difference was not significant. Conclusions Lifetime ecstasy use is a highly heritable trait, which indicates that some people are genetically more vulnerable to start using ecstasy than others. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP06(2011)140 | A Black Ring With Two Angular Momenta In Taub Nut | We use the recently-constructed explicit duality transformation that relates a rotating anti-D6-D4-D2-D0 black hole solution to a rotating M5-M2-P black string to construct a non-supersymmetric black ring in Taub-NUT that has two angular momenta, as well as M2 charges and M5 dipole moments. This is the first black ring solution that has both dipole charges and rotation along the S^2 of the horizon, and hence can be thought of as the "Pomeransky-Senkov" version of the M5-M2 black ring in Taub-NUT. Its physics should provide a testing ground for the applicability of the blackfold approach to charged rotating black branes, and should elucidate the phase space of charged dipole rings in various backgrounds. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
818416 | The evolutionary genetics of transposable element invasions | Transposable elements play major roles in the genome evolution of eukaryotes, and cause harmful mutations, deleterious side effects, and disease. These costs drive their eukaryotic hosts to evolve counter-adaptations, which are so effective that TEs are thought to only survive long term by invading new naïve species. These transposable element invasions appear to occur via horizontal transfer, and can result in the rapid, selfish spread of the element through a species. Despite the evolutionary importance of the host-transposable element relationship, there are still major gaps in our knowledge of how they evolve and persist. Host resistance can evolve astonishingly rapidly, but the evolutionary mechanism by which this happens is unknown. Some horizontal transfer events result in successful invasions, but we have little idea of what factors favour success, or, except in rare cases, how the transfer events occur.
This proposal outlines a four-part research programme to address these gaps, examining both sides of the coevolutionary equation. Specifically, I will examine the rapid evolution of suppression from the host side, to understand the population genetics of this process. I will study invasions from the perspective of the transposable element, and ask what genetic factors contribute to their success. To accomplish these objectives, I will take advantage of a unique opportunity-- an ongoing invasion of a model transposable element in a close relative of the genetic model fly. Finally, I will examine the role of parasites as vectors of TEs ,to understand mechanisms of horizontal transfer between species. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
171506 | A team-building, thematically-focused and lean-training summer academy system for young future ict entrepreneurs | An innovative training structure focused on addressing the limited capability of young European ICT future entrepreneurs is needed. This is a challenging task, since existing European ICT entrepreneurship training initiatives are characterised by a general fragmentation and a lack of a ‘learning-by-doing’ training approach. STARTIFY7 is an innovative and ambitious project aiming to go beyond the state-of-the-art and create strong synergies with existing initiatives and projects. It suggests a unique approach to ICT entrepreneurial education for the youth, with the following objectives: 1) Perform a thorough Training Needs Analysis for the future ICT entrepreneurs. 2) Embed a team-building process within a lean-training structure. 3) Establish an effective network of trainers. 4) Create innovative lean-training curricula with thematic ICT focus. 5) Ignite competition and strong synergies with existing initiatives. 6) Disseminate, exploit and ensure long-term sustainability.
The innovative outcomes of the project are the following: 1) Seven Summer Academies in 7 different European cities within a timeframe of two sequential summers (i.e. 2015 and 2016). 2) Seven lean-training and thematically-focused training curricula, embedding a strong team-building process. 3) An integrated network of trainers focused on hands-on and real-world knowledge transfer. 4) A competition based on the best performing teams after the completion of each round of summer academies. 5) Complement, extend and enrich similar existing actions. 6) A centralized social networking service. 7) ECTS credits provision. 8) An integrated exploitation and sustainability plan with the aim of making STARTIFY7 a long-term viable Summer Academy.
STARTIFY7 will aim for 1.400 applications from potential entrepreneurs, 280 student participants, 90 produced demos, 70 engaged teachers/coaches/mentors, 2 boot-camps with 63 participants, 10 VC/angels investors engaged, and, 16 investment-ready proposals. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2092447691 | Earnings expectation and graduate employment: Evidence from recent Chinese college graduates | Chinese college graduates have faced increasing labor market competition since the expansion of tertiary education. Given rigid market demand, graduates with realistic earnings expectations may experience a more efficient job search. Using the 2008 MYCOS College Graduate Employment Survey, this study finds that a 1 000 yuan reduction in a graduate’s reservation wage can significantly increase the probability of finding a job by 66% and increase the likelihood of being employed six months after graduation by 92%. In addition, the gap between the reservation wage and the market wage has a positive impact. By slightly adjusting earnings expectations, college graduates can significantly improve job search efficiency. Market wages should be seen as reference points when adjusting income expectations. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms16098 | Single molecule magnet with an unpaired electron trapped between two lanthanide ions inside a fullerene | Increasing the temperature at which molecules behave as single-molecule magnets is a serious challenge in molecular magnetism. One of the ways to address this problem is to create the molecules with strongly coupled lanthanide ions. In this work, endohedral metallofullerenes Y 2 @C 80 and Dy 2 @C 80 are obtained in the form of air-stable benzyl monoadducts. Both feature an unpaired electron trapped between metal ions, thus forming a single-electron metal-metal bond. Giant exchange interactions between lanthanide ions and the unpaired electron result in single-molecule magnetism of Dy 2 @C 80 (CH 2 Ph) with a record-high 100 s blocking temperature of 18 K. All magnetic moments in Dy 2 @C 80 (CH 2 Ph) are parallel and couple ferromagnetically to form a single spin unit of 21 μ B with a dysprosium-electron exchange constant of 32 cm -1. The barrier of the magnetization reversal of 613 K is assigned to the state in which the spin of one Dy centre is flipped. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.077 | Microbiota's No Wasting Policy | Schieber et al. demonstrate that a specific gut microbiota bacterial strain induces a host-mediated protection mechanism against inflammation-driven wasting syndrome. This salutary effect confers a net survival advantage against bacterial infection, without interfering with the host's pathogen load, revealing that host-microbiota interactions regulate disease tolerance to infection. Schieber et al. demonstrate that a specific gut microbiota bacterial strain protects against inflammation-driven wasting syndrome, conferring a net survival advantage against bacterial infection, revealing that host-microbiota interactions regulate disease tolerance to infection. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
281408 | p53 as a New Mediator of Energy Balance in the Brain | p53 is a transcriptional factor modulating numerous biological actions. Although it is best known for its role in cancer development, it is now evident that it is implicated in metabolism. More specifically, p53 modulates energy metabolism and homeostasis through their effects on adipocyte development and function. However, nothing is known about the potential metabolic function of p53 in the central nervous system.
Neuronal networks within the central nervous system play a crucial role in the regulation of food intake, body weight, and glucose homeostasis, so the main objective of this project will be to evaluate the potential of brain p53 as anti-obesity and/or anti-diabetic drug candidate. Our project will dissect precisely which specific components of energy balance are altered after central disruption or rescue of p53 signalling in selective neuronal populations, as well as the molecular pathways mediating these actions.
More precisely, we will disrupt the central p53 signalling specifically in hypothalamic POMC and AgRP neurons, which are crucial for energy and glucose homeostasis. We will also generate and characterize mice lacking p53 in dopamine neurons that are essential for mechanisms related with the reward of food. Once we know which specific areas are crucial for the central actions of p53, we will complete the experiments rescuing p53 expression in selective neuronal populations (POMC, AgRP or dopamine neurons) of p53 null mice. We will also investigate the interaction between p53 with leptin and ghrelin, likely the two more important hormones in the regulation of energy balance, which act through homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Understanding the precise role and mechanisms regulated by central p53 on energy balance may open new avenues for the identification of potential anti-obesity drug targets directed towards specific molecular pathways. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1145/3290605.3300741 | Understanding Kinaesthetic Creativity In Dance | Kinaesthetic creativity refers to the body's ability to generate alternate futures in activities such as role-playing in participatory design workshops. This has relevance not only to the design of methods for inspiring creativity but also to the design of systems that promote engaging experiences via bodily interaction. This paper probes this creative process by studying how dancers interact with technology to generate ideas. We developed a series of parameterized interactive visuals and asked dance practitioners to use them in generating movement materials. From our study, we define a taxonomy that comprises different relationships and movement responses dancers form with the visuals. Against this taxonomy, we describe six types of interaction patterns and demonstrate how dance creativity is driven by the ability to shift between these patterns. We then propose a set of interaction design qualities to support kinaesthetic creativity. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W1566267852 | The role of basic residues in the fragmentation process of the lysine rich cell-penetrating peptide TP10 | Selective cleavage effect of basic residues in the fragmentation of short peptides has been studied intensively. In contrast, the role of basic residues in the degradation of large peptides, such as cell-penetrating peptides, is largely unknown. In this work, the fragmentation of a 21 residues cell-penetrating peptide TP10 containing four lysine residues was studied by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry and computation methods. The influence of lysine residues on amide bond cleavage and fragmentation products was investigated. The results revealed that the selective cleavage effect of lysine residue did not present when the adjacent lysine residues in TP10 were both protonated. The localized high positive charge density might be the reason of preventing the mobile proton from migrating to the amide bonds in this part of the peptide. In contrast, the mobile proton preferred to reside in the N-terminal part of TP10 which had less positive charge. This preference gave more information of the peptide sequence in the mass spectrometry study and was helpful for stabilizing the C-terminal part of TP10, in which the basic lysine residues were preserved and crucial to the cell-penetrating process. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/64 | Cross Correlation Between The Cmb Lensing Potential Measured By Planck And High Z Submillimeter Galaxies Detected By The Herschel Atlas Survey | We present the first measurement of the correlation between the map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential derived from the Planck nominal mission data and $z\gtrsim 1. 5$ galaxies detected by the Herschel-ATLAS (H-ATLAS) survey covering about $600\;{{{\rm deg} }^{2}}$, i. e. , about 1. 4% of the sky. We reject the hypothesis that there is no correlation between CMB lensing and galaxy detection at a $20\sigma $ significance, checking the result by performing a number of null tests. The significance of the detection of the theoretically expected cross-correlation signal is found to be $10\sigma $. The galaxy bias parameter, b, derived from a joint analysis of the cross-power spectrum and of the autopower spectrum of the galaxy density contrast is found to be $b=2. 80_{-0. 11}^{+0. 12}$, consistent with earlier estimates for H-ATLAS galaxies at similar redshifts. On the other hand, the amplitude of the cross-correlation is found to be a factor 1. 62 ± 0. 16 higher than expected from the standard model and also found by cross-correlation analyses with other tracers of the large-scale structure. The enhancement due to lensing magnification can account for only a fraction of the excess cross-correlation signal. We suggest that part of it may be due to an incomplete removal of the contamination of the cosmic infrared background, which includes the H-ATLAS sources we are cross-correlating with. In any case, the highly significant detection reported here using a catalog covering only 1. 4% of the sky demonstrates the potential of CMB lensing correlations with submillimeter surveys. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.044 | Epigenomic Diversity in a Global Collection of Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions | The epigenome orchestrates genome accessibility, functionality, and three-dimensional structure. Because epigenetic variation can impact transcription and thus phenotypes, it may contribute to adaptation. Here, we report 1,107 high-quality single-base resolution methylomes and 1,203 transcriptomes from the 1001 Genomes collection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Although the genetic basis of methylation variation is highly complex, geographic origin is a major predictor of genome-wide DNA methylation levels and of altered gene expression caused by epialleles. Comparison to cistrome and epicistrome datasets identifies associations between transcription factor binding sites, methylation, nucleotide variation, and co-expression modules. Physical maps for nine of the most diverse genomes reveal how transposons and other structural variants shape the epigenome, with dramatic effects on immunity genes. The 1001 Epigenomes Project provides a comprehensive resource for understanding how variation in DNA methylation contributes to molecular and non-molecular phenotypes in natural populations of the most studied model plant. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2331083688 | Detecting Essential Oil Adulteration | An upsurge in worldwide essential oil sales seems to have intensified corrupt practices by unscrupulous costcutters and adulterators with varying levels of expertise. From outright misrepresentation of botanical species to the addition of cheaper oils to create additional profit for the oil producer, adulteration is unfortunately a common place occurrence in essential oil trade. The most adulterated essential oils fall into two categories: high-value oils like sandalwood and rose and the bestselling oils such as lavender, peppermint, citrus oils, wintergreen, oregano, and thyme. While some adulterations can be detected simply by routine GC-MS testing, with technology such as GC-IRMS and SNIF-NMR, analysts are able to spot adulteration with synthetic compounds or the natural compounds and/or oil fractions taken from cheaper essential oils. Today’s cutting-edge technology for essential oil adulteration detection encompasses many analytical techniques from HPLC and fast GC to GC × GC, IRMS to MS, 1H, and 13C NMR. This paper is a review of 30 studies dating up to May 2014 that detail the analytical procedures used to uncover essential oil adulteration in order to ensure that essential oils are authentic and genuine. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.aaw4307 | Origin of alkylphosphonic acids in the interstellar medium | For decades, the source of phosphorus incorporated into Earth’s first organisms has remained a fundamental, unsolved puzzle. Although contemporary biomolecules incorporate P(+V) in their phosphate moieties, the limited bioavailability of phosphates led to the proposal that more soluble P(+III) compounds served as the initial source of phosphorus. Here, we report via laboratory simulation experiments that the three simplest alkylphosphonic acids, soluble organic phosphorus P(+III) compounds, can be efficiently generated in interstellar, phosphine-doped ices through interaction with galactic cosmic rays. This discovery opens a previously overlooked avenue into the formation of key molecules of astrobiological significance and untangles basic mechanisms of a facile synthesis of phosphorus-containing organics in extraterrestrial ices, which can be incorporated into comets and asteroids before their delivery and detection on Earth such as in the Murchison meteorite. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1186/s12966-015-0217-1 | Are income-related differences in active travel associated with physical environmental characteristics? A multi-level ecological approach | Background: Rates of active travel vary by socio-economic position, with higher rates generally observed among less affluent populations. Aspects of both social and built environments have been shown to affect active travel, but little research has explored the influence of physical environmental characteristics, and less has examined whether physical environment affects socio-economic inequality in active travel. This study explored income-related differences in active travel in relation to multiple physical environmental characteristics including air pollution, climate and levels of green space, in urban areas across England. We hypothesised that any gradient in the relationship between income and active travel would be least pronounced in the least physically environmentally-deprived areas where higher income populations may be more likely to choose active transport as a means of travel. Methods: Adults aged 16+ living in urban areas (n = 20,146) were selected from the 2002 and 2003 waves of the UK National Travel Survey. The mode of all short non-recreational trips undertaken by the sample was identified (n = 205,673). Three-level binary logistic regression models were used to explore how associations between the trip being active (by bike/walking) and three income groups, varied by level of multiple physical environmental deprivation. Results: Likelihood of making an active trip among the lowest income group appeared unaffected by physical environmental deprivation; 15. 4% of their non-recreational trips were active in both the least and most environmentally-deprived areas. The income-related gradient in making active trips remained steep in the least environmentally-deprived areas because those in the highest income groups were markedly less likely to choose active travel when physical environment was 'good', compared to those on the lowest incomes (OR = 0. 44, 95% CI = 0. 22 to 0. 89). Conclusions: The socio-economic gradient in active travel seems independent of physical environmental characteristics. Whilst more affluent populations enjoy advantages on some health outcomes, they will still benefit from increasing their levels of physical activity through active travel. Benefits of active travel to the whole community would include reduced vehicle emissions, reduced carbon consumption, the preservation or enhancement of infrastructure and the presentation of a 'normalised' behaviour. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
EP 10182451 A | A rotary transmission coupling | A rotary transmission coupling (1) is disclosed for selectively providing drive to an output such as a driven wheel (115, 116) of a motor vehicle (100). The rotary transmission coupling (1) includes a friction clutch (2) and a hydraulic actuator assembly (20) that receives fluid at pressure from a remote pump (206, 216) controlled by an electronic control unit (202). The actuator assembly (20) includes a hydraulic actuator formed by a body (21) that slidingly supports a piston (25) used to operate the friction clutch (2). The body (21) is restrained from rotation by a number of spigots (24, 35, 36) that allow limited translation of the body (21) to accommodate tolerance build-up within a transmission assembly (123) of which the rotary coupling (1) forms a part. The hydraulic actuator is attached to a clutch cover (4) of the friction clutch (2) such that the reaction force from the hydraulic actuator is resisted solely by the clutch cover (4) and is not transferred to any other components of the rotary transmission coupling (1). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1512614720 | Feminization of the Isopod Cylisticus convexus after Transinfection of the wVulC Wolbachia Strain of Armadillidium vulgare | Reproductive parasites such as Wolbachia are able to manipulate the reproduction of their hosts by inducing parthenogenesis, male-killing, cytoplasmic incompatibility or feminization of genetic males. Despite extensive studies, no underlying molecular mechanism has been described to date. The goal of this study was to establish a system with a single Wolbachia strain that feminizes two different isopod species to enable comparative analyses aimed at elucidating the genetic basis of feminization. It was previously suggested that Wolbachia wVulC, which naturally induces feminization in Armadillidium vulgare, induces the development of female secondary sexual characters in transinfected Cylisticus convexus adult males. However, this does not demonstrate that wVulC induces feminization in C. convexus since feminization is the conversion of genetic males into functional females that occurs during development. Nevertheless, it suggests that C. convexus may represent a feminization model suitable for further development. Knowledge about C. convexus sexual differentiation is also essential for comparative analyses, as feminization is thought to take place just before or during sexual differentiation. Consequently, we first described gonad morphological differentiation of C. convexus and compared it with that of A. vulgare. Then, wVulC was injected into male and female C. convexus adult individuals. The feminizing effect was demonstrated by the combined appearance of female secondary sexual characters in transinfected adult males, as well as the presence of intersexes and female biases in progenies in which wVulC was vertically transmitted from transinfected mothers. The establishment of a new model of feminization of a Wolbachia strain in a heterologous host constitutes a useful tool towards the understanding of the molecular mechanism of feminization. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/124 | On The Active Region Bright Grains Observed In The Transition Region Imaging Channels Of Iris | The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides spectroscopy and narrow band slit-jaw (SJI) imaging of the solar chromosphere and transition region at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Combined with high-resolution context spectral imaging of the photosphere and chromosphere as provided by the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST), we can now effectively trace dynamic phenomena through large parts of the solar atmosphere in both space and time. IRIS SJI 1400 images from active regions, which primarily sample the transition region with the Si IV 1394 and 1403 {\AA} lines, reveal ubiquitous bright "grains" which are short-lived (2-5 min) bright roundish small patches of sizes 0. 5-1. 7" that generally move limbward with velocities up to about 30 km s$^{-1}$. In this paper we show that many bright grains are the result of chromospheric shocks impacting the transition region. These shocks are associated with dynamic fibrils (DFs), most commonly observed in H{\alpha}. We find that the grains show strongest emission in the ascending phase of the DF, that the emission is strongest towards the top of the DF and that the grains correspond to a blueshift and broadening of the Si IV lines. We note that the SJI 1400 grains can also be observed in the SJI 1330 channel which is dominated by C II lines. Our observations show that a significant part of the active region transition region dynamics is driven from the chromosphere below rather than from coronal activity above. We conclude that the shocks that drive DFs also play an important role in the heating of the upper chromosphere and lower transition region. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201834519 | The Magnetic Field Structure In Cta 102 From High Resolution Mm Vlbi Observations During The Flaring State In 2016 2017 | Investigating the magnetic field structure in the innermost regions of relativistic jets is fundamental to shed light on the crucial physical processes giving rise to the jet formation, as well as to its extraordinary radiation output up to gamma-ray energies. We study the magnetic field structure of the quasar CTA 102 with 3 and 7 mm-VLBI polarimetric observations, reaching an unprecedented resolution (~50 microarcsec). We also investigate the variability and physical process occurring in the source during the observing period which coincides with a very active state of the source till high-energies. The Faraday rotation analysis between 3 and 7mm shows a gradient in rotation measure with a maximum value of ~6X10^4 rad/m^2 and intrinsic electric vector position angles (EVPAs) oriented around the centroid of the core, suggesting the presence of large-scale helical magnetic fields. Such a magnetic field structure is also visible in 7 mm images when a new superluminal component is crossing the core region. The 7mm EVPAs orientation is different when the component is exiting the core or crossing a stationary feature at ~0. 1 mas. The interaction between the superluminal component and a recollimation shock at ~0. 1 mas could have triggered the multi-wavelengths flares. The variability Doppler factor associated with such interaction is large enough to explain the high energy emission, as we infer from the analysis of gamma-ray and X-ray data, and it is in agreement with the Doppler factor obtained to explain the extraordinary optical flare by Raiteri et al. (2017). | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
Q120965 | “Eco-efficient technologies in transmission, distribution and consumption of electricity as the basis for market expansion ELZIT Sp. z o.o.”. | The scope of the project includes the construction of a workshop and warehouse building together with the purchase of production and service equipment and an off-road special car with HDS hydraulic crane, which will enable ELZIT Sp. z o.o.: 1. breaking existing barriers 2. widening the range of products and services offered by: a)2 new products b)1 new service c)2 significantly improved services 3.substantial expansion of the markets throughout Poland and expansion to external markets by exporting 2 new products to the German market. This will adjust the Company’s offer to the needs and expectations of customers and changing situation in the industry, which will translate into: increase the number of customers from Poland and Germany, increase the competitive potential on the domestic and international scale. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2923470172 | Analysis of a New Cleaning Technology Based on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment for Diesel Engine Remanufacturing | Remanufacturing is the rebuilding of a used product to at least its original performance with a warranty that is equivalent or better than that of the newly manufactured product. It is a vital means in improving manufacturing sustainability, through saving raw materials, reducing carbon emissions and conserving product commercial values. As the one of the demanding steps in remanufacturing process, cleaning is also one polluting stage because of the use of environmental detrimental cleaning agents and the large amount of energy consumptions. The specific aim of the work demonstrated in this thesis is to find an alternative cleaning agent that could achieve the effective cleaning of decommissioned engine parts, in an environmentally greener way. More generally, the study in this thesis uses supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) as the green agent to reduce the possible environment loads induced by conventional cleaning technologies and further investigate the feasibility of this method in removing other contaminants as an application extension. Organic contaminants, containing greases, lubricating substances and carbon depositions are the most commonly observed contaminants in a decommissioned engine, and they are analysed by a series of analytical methods to validate the feasibility of SC-CO₂ cleaning in this study. Experiments on grease, lubricating oil and paint coatings cleaning are carried out on the supercritical fluid (SCF) facility with the addition of liquid blasting to remove residues after SC-CO₂ treatment. A new cleaning method combining SC-CO₂ pre-treatment and liquid blasting post-treatment processes is proposed and a comparison is conducted between this method and conventional method (thermal decomposition and shot blasting cleaning). Operation parameters for liquid blasting process are determined through single particle blasting test and the comparison demonstrates the new method has a minimal impact on the surface properties of substrate materials, while the conventional cleaning method has a significant negative impact. Ultimately, the comparative life cycle assessment between two methods demonstrates the new cleaning technology can attain a higher cleanliness with better environmental performances. It is concluded that the SC-CO₂ cleaning could provide a “cleaner production” method for remanufacturing. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q3069305 | Konzeption, Gestaltung, Konstruktion und Umsetzung von ERIC-Instrumenten für die europäische Spallationsquelle für wissenschaftliche Forschung (ESSource) | Die European Spallation Source (ESS) ist ein gemeinsames Projekt in 17 europäischen Ländern (einschließlich Estland). Ziel ist es, eine Neutronenstrahlungsquelle für die Erforschung von Materialien und Naturphänomenen aufzubauen. Das ESS wird in Lund (Schweden) gebaut und sein Rechenzentrum wird in Kopenhagen (Dänemark) stattfinden. Der Bau des ESS begann 2014 und soll 2020 abgeschlossen werden, Kapazitätssteigerungen und die Entwicklung aller Messstationen werden 2020-2025 stattfinden und das ESS wird seine Türen nach den ursprünglichen Plänen im Jahr 2065 schließen. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2090419296 | Development, implementation and evaluation of a dedicated metal artefact reduction method for interventional flat-detector CT | The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a dedicated metal artefact reduction (MAR) method for flat-detector CT (FDCT). The algorithm uses the multidimensional raw data space to calculate surrogate attenuation values for the original metal traces in the raw data domain. The metal traces are detected automatically by a three-dimensional, threshold-based segmentation algorithm in an initial reconstructed image volume, based on twofold histogram information for calculating appropriate metal thresholds. These thresholds are combined with constrained morphological operations in the projection domain. A subsequent reconstruction of the modified raw data yields an artefact-reduced image volume that is further processed by a combining procedure that reinserts the missing metal information. For image quality assessment, measurements on semi-anthropomorphic phantoms containing metallic inserts were evaluated in terms of CT value accuracy, image noise and spatial resolution before and after correction. Measurements of the same phantoms without prostheses were used as ground truth for comparison. Cadaver measurements were performed on complex and realistic cases and to determine the influences of our correction method on the tissue surrounding the prostheses. The results showed a significant reduction of metal-induced streak artefacts (CT value differences were reduced to below 22 HU and image noise reduction of up to 200%). The cadaver measurements showed excellent results for imaging areas close to the implant and exceptional artefact suppression in these areas. Furthermore, measurements in the knee and spine regions confirmed the superiority of our method to standard one-dimensional, linear interpolation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201402042 | A collection of fullerenes for synthetic access toward oriented charge-transfer cascades in triple-channel photosystems | The development of synthetic methods to build complex functional systems is a central and current challenge in organic chemistry. This goal is important because supramolecular architectures of highest sophistication account for function in nature, and synthetic organic chemistry, contrary to high standards with small molecules, fails to deliver functional systems of similar complexity. In this report, we introduce a collection of fullerenes that is compatible with the construction of multicomponent charge-transfer cascades and can be placed in triple-channel architectures next to stacks of oligothiophenes and naphthalenediimides. For the creation of this collection, modern fullerene chemistry - methanofullerenes and 1,4-diarylfullerenes - is combined with classical Nierengarten-Diederich-Bingel approaches. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
200561 | Novel Biomimetic Organocatalysts | The primary aim of this project is to substantially expand the frontiers of current benchmark organocatalytic technology by the design, preparation and evaluation of the first class of thiol-based nucleophilic catalyst capable of emulating the action of NAD+-dependant enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenases, which promote the chemoselective oxidation/reduction of aldehyde substrates under mild conditions in aqueous media. The proposed artificial enzymes are designed biomimetically (in the true sense of the word) – only careful examination of the core enzyme competencies, modes-of-action and active sites has guided the design process. One of the key issues which this proposal addresses is the inherent difficulty associated with the design of artificial cofactor-dependent enzymes due to the requirement for a) efficient recognition by the catalyst of both the substrate and the cofactor, and b) the exertion of control over their encounter in the active site. We intend to tackle this challenge by covalently attaching groups functionally equivalent to the catalytically active residues of aldehyde dehydrogenases to a rigid NAD+ analogue in a manner which allows for their synergistic and biomimetic cooperation. Structure determination/mechanistic studies and the application of these new catalysts in a range of oxidations/reductions (we envisage that this project will result in the first organocatalyst able to demonstrably promote either - depending on the reaction conditions), (dynamic) kinetic resolutions, desymmetrisations, and ligations) will be undertaken and the development of catalytic processes for reactions currently outside the scope of any catalytic methodology is a clear long-term goal. We also wish to pursue the application of this potentially groundbreaking nucleophilic catalytic technology (for which no efficient organocatalysts have been thus far reported) toward the selective synthesis of enantiopure building blocks and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q88067 | Accroître la compétitivité des specmed par la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie de conception. | Le projet comprendra trois grandes étapes des activités liées aux recommandations définies dans le cadre de la stratégie de conception (ci-après dénommée la stratégie): 1. Le processus de conception se concentrera sur la réalisation d’activités utilisant des processus de conception dans les domaines indiqués dans la stratégie: Identification visuelle, Communication avec le client (patient), Gestion des flux d’information. Le résultat de ces activités sera le développement d’outils de conception, qui seront utilisés pour mettre en œuvre le système de communication intégré avec le patient (ci-après le «Système») dans le cadre de: — la manière dont les données sont présentées; — interfaces utilisateur; — communication visuelle. Le processus comprendra: a) Élaboration d’un système d’identification visuelle (carnet de marques); B) Développer une interface graphique pour le portail web, les applications mobiles et le portail de médecine du travail; C) Développer un système d’identification visuelle pour les éléments virtuels (infokiosks, e-tags). 2. Activités de mise en œuvre ayant trait à la fourniture, à l’assemblage et à la mise en service d’actifs immobilisés et de WNIP, c’est-à-dire des éléments individuels du système, qui fonctionneront dans les domaines spécifiés dans la stratégie, c’est-à-dire: a) Le domaine du développement technologique à l’aide de systèmes électroniques de soins aux patients et de systèmes d’accès, d’échange et d’archivage des données — salle serveur, équipement informatique, documentation médicale électronique; B) La sphère de développement du système Internet électronique — portail web, portail de médecine du travail; C) La sphère du développement d’applications mobiles multimédias — application mobile; D) le domaine du développement des technologies de l’information dans les installations basées sur le système de file d’attente, l’information et la publicité — systèmes de file d’attente, infokiosks, e-tags, télébimy ainsi que le logiciel de gestion de contenu d’affichage numérique; e) Rénovation de bureaux spécialisés avec des équipements de diagnostic et de diagnostic. 3. Le lancement de services innovants implique le lancement du système et le début de la fourniture de services innovants aux patients. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
818266 | Assessing cellular compartmentation of brain lactate using diffusion MR spectroscopy in vivo | The idea has emerged that compartmentation of brain lactate, i.e. its distribution between different cell types and the extracellular space, plays a critical role in neurotransmission and brain plasticity. Dysregulations of lactate metabolism have also been reported in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, these notions remain challenged, and even fundamental mechanisms such as the astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle, whereby astrocytes are supposed to export lactate to neurons to sustain neuronal energy needs, are still fiercely debated. This is largely due the lack of tools to evaluate cell-specific compartmentation of lactate in the living brain, in particular in Humans.
In this project, we will develop new nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques to non-invasively measure lactate diffusion, including in cortical regions. We will then take advantage of the unique ability of these methods to differentiate between metabolites diffusing in different environments, based on diffusion properties imposed by the microstructure, to quantify lactate in the extracellular space and, most importantly, in neurons and astrocytes. After validation in rodent models, these methods will be transposed on a clinical MRI system at ultra-high magnetic field, to gain unprecedented access to lactate compartmentation in the Human brain and its modifications during brain activity, plasticity, and in Alzheimer's disease. This will open a new research field for magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
644501 | Drug repurposing for inhibiting pathogenic biofilms and potentiating the activity of antibiotics | Bacterial biofilms are closely associated with chronic infections, leading to much higher tolerance to antibiotics and treatment failures. New strategies for biofilm disruption are thus urgently required. Cyclic-di-GMP, a secondary messenger promoting biofilm formation, is a promising drug target. Only few compounds that reduce c-di-GMP levels and inhibit biofilms were identified so far, and most studies were conducted in vitro using standard medium and reference strains. In this project drugs will be repurposed for targeting c-di-GMP and biofilms to increase the antibiotic susceptibility of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Interdisciplinary approaches will be applied, combining next generation sequencing, gene expression pattern in synthetic sputum, protein structural modelling and computational drug docking, lung epithelial cell infection and murine model. This project will increase the accuracy of drug discovery based on c-di-GMP and significantly expand the skillset of an early career researcher with a strong background in the molecular mechanism of c-di-GMP pathway. The new knowledge in human cell culture and murine model obtained in this fellowship will be crucial for the researcher with a long-term interest in infection treatment. The host laboratory at Ghent University (UGent), a leading group in Europe investigating combination therapy against biofilms, offers an excellent atmosphere fostering both technical and transferable skills. The researcher will also benefit from the supervisor’s extensive research network and the numerous training programs provided by UGent to enhance the future career prospects. The research outputs will provide fresh insights into how genetic and environmental conditions influence c-di-GMP pathway (basic science) and how to select more appropriate compounds for biofilm treatment (applied science), and may also be subjected to clinical trials and attract industrial partners for wider applications. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.079 | Towards brain-activity-controlled information retrieval: Decoding image relevance from MEG signals | We hypothesize that brain activity can be used to control future information retrieval systems. To this end, we conducted a feasibility study on predicting the relevance of visual objects from brain activity. We analyze both magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and gaze signals from nine subjects who were viewing image collages, a subset of which was relevant to a predetermined task. We report three findings: i) the relevance of an image a subject looks at can be decoded from MEG signals with performance significantly better than chance, ii) fusion of gaze-based and MEG-based classifiers significantly improves the prediction performance compared to using either signal alone, and iii) non-linear classification of the MEG signals using Gaussian process classifiers outperforms linear classification. These findings break new ground for building brain-activity-based interactive image retrieval systems, as well as for systems utilizing feedback both from brain activity and eye movements. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1126/science.1243982 | Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber | Organic-inorganic perovskites have shown promise as high-performance absorbers in solar cells, first as a coating on a mesoporous metal oxide scaffold and more recently as a solid layer in planar heterojunction architectures. Here, we report transient absorption and photoluminescence- quenching measurements to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide (CH3NH 3PbI3-xClx) and triiodide (CH 3NH3PbI3) perovskite absorbers. We found that the diffusion lengths are greater than 1 micrometer in the mixed halide perovskite, which is an order of magnitude greater than the absorption depth. In contrast, the triiodide absorber has electron-hole diffusion lengths of ∼100 nanometers. These results justify the high efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells and identify a critical parameter to optimize for future perovskite absorber development. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1111/trf.12710 | Comprehensive metabolomic study of platelets reveals the expression of discrete metabolic phenotypes during storage | Background Platelet (PLT) concentrates are routinely stored for 5 to 7 days. During storage they exhibit what has been termed PLT storage lesion (PSL), which is evident by a loss of hemostatic function when transfused into patients. The overall goal of this study was to obtain a comprehensive data set describing PLT metabolism during storage. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1126/science.aai8195 | Two- and three-body contacts in the unitary Bose gas | In many-body systems governed by pairwise contact interactions, a wide range of observables is linked by a single parameter, the two-body contact, which quantifies two-particle correlations. This profound insight has transformed our understanding of strongly interacting Fermi gases. Using Ramsey interferometry, we studied coherent evolution of the resonantly interacting Bose gas, and we show here that it cannot be explained by only pairwise correlations. Our experiments reveal the crucial role of three-body correlations arising from Efimov physics and provide a direct measurement of the associated three-body contact. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1002/term.2730 | Redox regulation in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering: The paradox of oxygen | One of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to incorporate a functioning vasculature to overcome the consequences of a lack of oxygen and nutrients in the tissue construct. Otherwise, decreased oxygen tension leads to incomplete metabolism and the formation of the so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells have many endogenous antioxidant systems to ensure a balance between ROS and antioxidants, but if this balance is disrupted by factors such as high levels of ROS due to long-term hypoxia, there will be tissue damage and dysfunction. Current attempts to solve the oxygen problem in the field rarely take into account the importance of the redox balance and are instead centred on releasing or generating oxygen. The first problem with this approach is that although oxygen is necessary for life, it is paradoxically also a highly toxic molecule. Furthermore, although some oxygen-generating biomaterials produce oxygen, they also generate hydrogen peroxide, a ROS, as an intermediate product. In this review, we discuss why it would be a superior strategy to supplement oxygen delivery with molecules to safeguard the important redox balance. Redox sensor proteins that can stimulate the anaerobic metabolism, angiogenesis, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant systems are discussed as promising targets. We propose that redox regulating biomaterials have the potential to tackle some of the challenges related to angiogenesis and that the knowledge in this review will help scientists in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine realize this aim. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1093/cid/cix349 | Viruses in the 21st Century: From the Curiosity-Driven Discovery of Giant Viruses to New Concepts and Definition of Life | The curiosity-driven discovery of giant DNA viruses infecting amoebas has triggered an intense debate about the origin, nature, and definition of viruses. This discovery was delayed by the current paradigm confusing viruses with small virions. Several new definitions and concepts have been proposed either to reconcile the unique features of giant viruses with previous paradigms or to propose a completely new vision of the living world. I briefly review here how several other lines of research in virology converged during the last 2 decades with the discovery of giant viruses to change our traditional perception of the viral world. This story emphasizes the power of multidisciplinary curiosity-driven research, from the hospital to the field and the laboratory. Notably, some philosophers have now also joined biologists in their quest to make sense of the abundance and diversity of viruses and related capsidless mobile elements in the biosphere. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Texts and Concepts (Philosophy)"
]
|
10.1002/AENM.201702599 | A Chemical Approach To Raise Cell Voltage And Suppress Phase Transition In O3 Sodium Layered Oxide Electrodes | Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) are one of the versatile technologies for low‐cost rechargeable batteries. O3‐type layered sodium transition metal oxides (NaMO2, M = transition metal ions) are one of the most promising positive electrode materials considering their capacity. However, the use of O3 phases is limited due to their low redox voltage and associated multiple phase transitions which are detrimental for long cycling. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to successfully combat these issues. It consists of the introduction of a larger, nontransition metal ion Sn4+ in NaMO2 to prepare a series of NaNi0. 5Mn0. 5− y Sn y O2 (y = 0–0. 5) compositions with attractive electrochemical performances, namely for y = 0. 5, which shows a single‐phase transition from O3 ⇔ P3 at the very end of the oxidation process. Na‐ion NaNi0. 5Sn0. 5O2/C coin cells are shown to deliver an average cell voltage of 3. 1 V with an excellent capacity retention as compared to an average stepwise voltage of ≈2. 8 V and limited capacity retention for the pure NaNi0. 5Mn0. 5O2 phase. This study potentially shows the way to manipulate the O3 NaMO2 for facilitating their practical use in NIBs. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-7091-0973-1_4 | Modeling The Interglacials Of The Last 1 Million Years | The climate response associated with the interglacial peaks of the last 1 million years is investigated with an Earth model of intermediate complexity, LOVECLIM, to the variations of the astronomically induced insolation and of the greenhouse gas concentrations. The dates selected are those where the Northern Hemisphere summer occurs at perihelion. The simulated global annual mean air temperature shows that, on average, the interglacials after the Mid-Brunhes Event are warmer than those before, as expected from the larger average CO2 concentration. However, the seasonal response came more as a surprise with the warming being mainly during the winter season in response to the astronomical forcing. The latitudinal and seasonal distribution of insolation is indeed characterized by less energy available, in average, over the Earth during Northern Hemisphere summer but more during Northern Hemisphere winter for the interglacials after Mid-Brunhes Event than before. The relationship to the long-term variations of precession and obliquity is discussed. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1122/1.5021834 | Caber Vs Rojer Different Time Scales For The Thinning Of A Weakly Elastic Jet | In this paper, we demonstrate that the capillary thinning dynamics of a weakly viscoelastic jet follow a different timescale than a liquid bridge of the same fluid between two stationary surfaces for similar geometrical scales. The thinning in the latter case observed with capillary breakup extensional rheometry (or CaBER) follows a well established scaling of the radius with time for an elasto-capillary (EC) balance of R ∼ exp ( − t / 3 λ ) . However, for the thinning of the filaments between droplets in a jet, it was so far just assumed that the same scaling law holds. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that the jet thinning in a Rayleigh–Ohnesorge jetting extensional rheometer (or ROJER) follows a different scaling of R ∼ exp ( − t / 2 λ ) . This is demonstrated by a direct comparison of the thinning dynamics of weakly viscoelastic ( O h < 0. 01 ) aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide in the two experimental setups, covering a wide range of jetting velocities or Weber numbers of 1–70. We demonstrate outgoing from a momentum balance that includes inertia and elasticity that this difference in scaling is due to a constant axial tension in the jet arising from the constant creation rate of new surface at the nozzle. Numerical simulations using the FENE-P model support this theory and demonstrate that in the exponential thinning regime of the jet the elastic stresses are indeed balanced by the axial tension (rather than by capillary pressure as in the EC balance regime of the CaBER experiment). It is readily shown from the reduced stress balance that this axial-elastic balance regime in the ROJER experiment leads to a faster exponential thinning, following the new scaling of R ∼ exp ( − t / 2 λ ) that was experimentally observed. Furthermore, we observe both in experiment and simulation that a jet thinning does not exhibit a self-similar structure of the corner region where the thinning filament connects to the drop as it is generally observed for a filament with an axial tension decaying with the filament radius as in the CaBER. The resulting difference of 50% in extensional relaxation time λ extracted from ROJER experiments might require one to revisit previously reported ROJER experiments and is required for the correct evaluation of future jetting rheometry experiments. In this paper, we demonstrate that the capillary thinning dynamics of a weakly viscoelastic jet follow a different timescale than a liquid bridge of the same fluid between two stationary surfaces for similar geometrical scales. The thinning in the latter case observed with capillary breakup extensional rheometry (or CaBER) follows a well established scaling of the radius with time for an elasto-capillary (EC) balance of R ∼ exp ( − t / 3 λ ) . However, for the thinning of the filaments between droplets in a jet, it was so far just assumed that the same scaling law holds. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that the jet thinning in a Rayleigh–Ohnesorge jetting extensional rheometer (or ROJER) follows a different scaling of R ∼ exp ( − t / 2 λ ) . This is demonstrated by a direct comparison of the thinning dynamics of weakly viscoelastic ( O h < 0. 01 ) aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide in the two . . . | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1038/nmeth.3656 | Multiscale photoacoustic tomography using reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome as a near-infrared photochromic probe | Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) of genetically encoded probes allows for imaging of targeted biological processes deep in tissues with high spatial resolution; however, high background signals from blood can limit the achievable detection sensitivity. Here we describe a reversibly switchable nonfluorescent bacterial phytochrome for use in multiscale photoacoustic imaging, BphP1, with the most red-shifted absorption among genetically encoded probes. BphP1 binds a heme-derived biliverdin chromophore and is reversibly photoconvertible between red and near-infrared light-absorption states. We combined single-wavelength PAT with efficient BphP1 photoswitching, which enabled differential imaging with substantially decreased background signals, enhanced detection sensitivity, increased penetration depth and improved spatial resolution. We monitored tumor growth and metastasis with ∼100- 1/4m resolution at depths approaching 10 mm using photoacoustic computed tomography, and we imaged individual cancer cells with a suboptical-diffraction resolution of ∼140 nm using photoacoustic microscopy. This technology is promising for biomedical studies at several scales. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00125 | On-Surface Synthesis of Gold Porphyrin Derivatives via a Cascade of Chemical Interactions: Planarization, Self-Metalation, and Intermolecular Coupling | On-surface chemistry in ultrahigh vacuum offers complementary routes for synthesizing molecular complexes that cannot be accessed through standard solution chemistry. The presence of a surface not only imposes spatial two-dimensional restraints but also frequently acts as a source of adatoms actively participating in the chemical reactions. Here we demonstrate the formation of gold porphyrin derivatives via thermally induced chemical transformations of a fluorinated free-base porphyrin, 2H-4FTPP, on a Au(111) surface, which can rarely be accessed via standard solution chemistry protocols. We also provide an accurate description of the mechanisms of on-surface reactions and self-assembly processes, including structural and electronic characterization of intermediates and products using high-resolution scanning probe microscopy with a CO tip supported by a computational study. An initial annealing step at 500 K induces planarization of the adsorbed free base via dehydrogenation and ring-closing reactions that preserve the integrity of the C-F bonds. A second annealing step at 575 K enables metalation, producing unprecedented surface-supported gold-coordinated planarized porphyrins. A final annealing step at 625 K induces C-F and C-H activation, leading to intermolecular C-C coupling between phenyl termini to form planarized porphyrin oligomers. These results open new avenues for engineering in a stepwise manner thermally sensitive on-surface chemical reactions and metal-organic compounds that cannot be accessed in solution chemistry. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1510504617 | Combined CGF-PML and CGF-RFFM for efficient and uniform modal derivation of Green's function of planar layered media | A closed-form series representation for spatial Green's function of planar layered media for all distances from source, is presented. By terminating the structure by perfectly matched layer (PML) backed by perfect electric conductor (PEC), the discrete set of surface wave (SW) poles is complemented by eigenmodes of the closed structure by PML poles which construct the continuous spectrum contribution of the original structure. Then applying the characteristic Green's function (CGF) technique, a closed-form representation of spatial Green's function is derived. Very close to the source, where the large number of modes must be considered, the method is become inefficient. In very near field regions, by combining CGF technique and rational function fitting method (RFFM), Green's function would be efficiently constructed with few number of poles extracted in modified VECTFIT algorithm in similar form of CGF-PML result. In this way, an efficient modal series representation is derived by using CGF-PML and CGF-RFFM for far from and close to the source respectively. The main advantage of this representation is that for desired accuracy the number of required modes is controllable. Excellent agreements with direct numerical integration of the spectral integral are shown in several examples. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
US 2009/0038993 W | SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS | The inventive process converts cellulosic biomass into a gel-like state that is readily hydrolyzed by appropriate enzymes. First the biomass is mechanically reduced in size. The biomass is then mixed and kneaded with an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic polymer that acts as a conditioning agent or as a co-solvent. During mixing the cellulose (and hemicellulose) in the biomass swells and becomes hydrated forming a viscous gel-like material. The processed material can then be thinned through the addition of water whereupon hydrolytic enzymes are mixed into the material and rapid hydrolysis into free sugars takes place. Dextrins are effective hydrophilic polymers for conditioning biomass. Polyvinyl alcohol is a particularly effective conditioning agent for use with biomass when converted into a viscous gel by adding borate ions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1109/HSCMA.2017.7895560 | Microphone Array Signal Processing For Robot Audition | Robot audition for humanoid robots interacting naturally with humans in an unconstrained real-world environment is a hitherto unsolved challenge. The recorded microphone signals are usually distorted by background and interfering noise sources (speakers) as well as room reverberation. In addition, the movements of a robot and its actuators cause ego-noise which degrades the recorded signals significantly. The movement of the robot body and its head also complicates the detection and tracking of the desired, possibly moving, sound sources of interest. This paper presents an overview of the concepts in microphone array processing for robot audition and some recent achievements. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 2017071803 W | CHAIN TENSIONING IN A HYBRID DRIVE MODULE | A method of performing regular maintenance in a hybrid drive module, comprising a housing (170) enclosing a continuous member drive (120) comprising a chain or a belt (126) connecting an electrical motor (110) with a crank shaft (22) of an associated internal combustion engine (20) via at least one coupling (130, 140), said electrical motor (110) being fastened with respect to the crank shaft (22) via fastening elements (111) wherein said method comprises: unfastening the electric motor (110) from said motor's (110) fastening elements (111); positioning the electric motor (110) such that the crankshaft (22) is a distance (d) from the electric motor (110) and such that tension in the chain or belt (126) is at or above a pre-specified level; and re-fastening fastening elements (111) such that the electric motor (110) is maintained at the distance (d) from the crankshaft (22). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201205079 | Efficient and versatile synthesis of indoles from enamines and imines by cross-dehydrogenative coupling | Complement for Fischer: An efficient palladium-catalyzed indole synthesis proceeds by the intramolecular cross-dehydrogenative coupling of N-aryl imines under mild conditions using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. This practical method relies on anilines and ketones as starting materials (and thus the same retrosynthetic disconnection as the Fischer indole synthesis) and will likely become a popular route. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1145/3238147.3238167 | Model Driven Run Time Enforcement Of Complex Role Based Access Control Policies | A Role-based Access Control (RBAC) mechanism prevents unauthorized users to perform an operation, according to authorization policies which are defined on the user’s role within an enterprise. Several models have been proposed to specify complex RBAC policies. However, existing approaches for policy enforcement do not fully support all the types of policies that can be expressed in these models, which hinders their adoption among practitioners. In this paper we propose a model-driven enforcement framework for complex policies captured by GemRBAC+CTX, a comprehensive RBAC model proposed in the literature. We reduce the problem of making an access decision to checking whether a system state (from an RBAC point of view), expressed as an instance of the GemRBAC+CTX model, satisfies the constraints corresponding to the RBAC policies to be enforced at run time. We provide enforcement algorithms for various types of access requests and events, and a prototype tool (MORRO) implementing them. We also show how to integrate MORRO into an industrial Web application. The evaluation results show the applicability of our approach on a industrial system and its scalability with respect to the various parameters characterizing an AC configuration. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fnmol.2018.00258 | Physiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Ca<sup>2+</sup> Activated Potassium Channels in the Nervous System | Within the potassium ion channel family, calcium activated potassium (KCa) channels are unique in their ability to couple intracellular Ca2+ signals to membrane potential variations. KCa channels are diversely distributed throughout the central nervous system and play fundamental roles ranging from regulating neuronal excitability to controlling neurotransmitter release. The physiological versatility of KCa channels is enhanced by alternative splicing and co-assembly with auxiliary subunits, leading to fundamental differences in distribution, subunit composition and pharmacological profiles. Thus, understanding specific KCa channels’ mechanisms in neuronal function is challenging. Based on their single channel conductance, KCa channels are divided into three subtypes: small (SK, 4–14 pS), intermediate (IK, 32–39 pS) and big potassium (BK, 200–300 pS) channels. This review describes the biophysical characteristics of these KCa channels, as well as their physiological roles and pathological implications. In addition, we also discuss the current pharmacological strategies and challenges to target KCa channels for the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W4286700486 | Turismo 4.0. Storia, digitalizzazione, territorio | Reseña del libro: Gregorini, Giovanni y Semeraro, Riccardo (a cura di): Turismo 4.0. Storia, digitalizzazione, territorio.- Vita e Pensiero, Milán 2021, 249 pp. ISBN: 978-88-343-4462-0. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.014 | Qualitatively different immune response of the bumblebee host, Bombus terrestris, to infection by different genotypes of the trypanosome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi | Insects have a complex and highly successful immune system that responds specifically to different types of parasites. Different genotypes of a parasite species can differ in infectivity and virulence; which is important for host-parasite co-evolutionary processes, such as antagonistic, fluctuating selection. Such coevolution obviously requires a genetic basis, but little is known about how hosts immunologically respond to different genotypes. The common European bumblebee Bombus terrestris is infected by the highly prevalent trypanosome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. Here we examined expression of 26 immunological and metabolic genes in response to infection by two clones of C. bombi and compared that with exposure to injection with a bacterial challenge. Exposure to the two clones of C. bombi elicits qualitatively different immune expression responses. Interestingly, infection with one clone results in up regulation of AMP's similar to bees given the bacterial challenge, while genes related to metabolism, signalling, and other effectors were similar between the two Crithidia exposures. Bees given different challenges were distinct enough to discern using linear discriminant analyses. We also found strong correlations, both positive and negative, among genes, which may shed light on how suites of genes are regulated and trade-offs in expression within this gene set. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2754736427 | Evaluation and monitoring of water diffusion into stone porous materials by means of innovative IR thermography techniques | Abstract This paper shows the application of two innovative infrared thermography (IRT) methods for the evaluation of water transport phenomena through the outer layers of porous stone materials. An infrared camera measured: (a) the moisture stain due to the water absorption after having spilled a drop on the stone surface and (b) the ”moisture ring” around the damp surface, after the contact between a soaked round sponge and the stone surface. The time of spreading and the geometric shape of the damped area depend on the porosity of the stone material and are useful to characterize the physical stone features. In addition, monitoring the evolution of the moisture ring by IRT allows implementing and optimize the data coming from protocols of water repellent products with data coming from the “contact sponge measures”. Moreover, moisture ring test links IRT and laboratory tests characterizing the transport phenomena of liquid and water vapour in porous building materials. Thirty specimens of marble, calcarenite and sandstone were tested with steady methods (dry index and water absorption by capillarity), that validated the data provided by the two innovative IRT techniques. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.05.082 | Cage-based small-pore catalysts for NH<inf>3</inf>-SCR prepared by combining bulky organic structure directing agents with modified zeolites as reagents | It has been possible to efficiently synthesize high-silica ERI and AFX zeolites with nano-sized primary crystallites (30–200 nm). This was achieved by using a dicationic and rigid organic structure directing agent (OSDA) that fits within the large cavities of these zeolites, and the use of FAU zeolites as initial Si- and Al-sources. Cu- and Fe-based ERI and AFX materials were prepared following both post-synthetic cation exchange and direct synthesis methodologies, showing good activity for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxide using ammonia. Accelerated hydrothermal ageing of the zeolites at high temperature (i. e. 750 °C) shows the necessity of removing the alkali cations remaining in the zeolites to obtain stable materials. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the prepared Cu- and Fe-containing AFX catalysts, both before and after ageing treatment, approaches the catalytic activity of Cu- and Fe-CHA. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1029/2010JD014186 | The Role Of Relative Humidity In Continental New Particle Formation | [1] Relative humidity (RH) has been observed to be anticorrelated with continental new particle formation. Several reasons have been proposed for this rather surprising finding, but no firm conclusions have been drawn so far. Here we study several of the proposed reasons: Enhanced coagulational scavenging of sub-3 nm clusters at high RH, diminished solar radiation at high RH leading to diminished gas phase oxidation chemistry, and increased condensation sink (CS) of condensable gases due to hygroscopic growth of the preexisting particles. Our theoretical calculations indicate that the increase of coagulational scavenging plays a relatively small role in the inhibition of nucleation at high RH. On the other hand, field data show that the maximum observed gas phase sulphuric acid concentrations are limited to RHs below 60%. The field data also indicate that this is likely due to low OH concentrations at high RH. This finding is also supported by aerosol dynamics model simulations. The model was used to find out whether this is mainly due to decreased source (solar radiation) or increased sink (CS) terms at the elevated RH. The simulation results show that the decreased source term at high RH limits H2SO4 levels in the air, and therefore high new particle formation rates (above ∼1 cm−3 s−1) rarely occur above 80% RH. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.005 | Fluid phase recognition molecules in neutrophil-dependent immune responses | The innate immune system comprises both a cellular and a humoral arm. Neutrophils are key effector cells of the immune and inflammatory responses and have emerged as a major source of humoral pattern recognition molecules (PRMs). These molecules, which include collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins, are specialised in the discrimination of self versus non-self and modified-self and share basic multifunctional properties including recognition and opsonisation of pathogens and apoptotic cells, activation and regulation of the complement cascade and tuning of inflammation. Neutrophils act as a reservoir of ready-made soluble PRMs, such as the long pentraxin PTX3, the peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRP-S, properdin and M-ficolin, which are stored in neutrophil granules and are involved in neutrophil effector functions. In addition, other soluble PRMs, such as members of the collectin family, are not expressed in neutrophils but can modulate neutrophil-dependent immune responses. Therefore, soluble PRMs are an essential part of the innate immune response and retain antibody-like effector functions. Here, we will review the expression and general function of soluble PRMs, focusing our attention on molecules involved in neutrophil effector functions. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2171309115 | Rapid Evolution of Lifespan in a Novel Environment: Sex-Specific Responses and Underlying Genetic Architecture | Animal lifespans can vary substantially among closely related species and even among conspecific populations, but it is often difficult to identify environmental and genetic factors producing such variation. We used experimental evolution to examine how transfer to a novel environment affects adult lifespan and rates of senescence in a seed-feeding beetle. Three replicate lines of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) were switched to a new host plant (cowpea), and each evolved shorter adult lifespans compared to a line maintained on the ancestral host (mung bean). However, the evolution of lifespan differed between the sexes; female lifespan was reduced by ~11% in all cowpea replicates, whereas male lifespan decreased by an average of only 5.6% and the magnitude of the reduction varied among replicates. Reduced lifespan in lines switched to cowpea mirrored the shorter lifespan observed in a separate population chronically associated with cowpea. We then performed crosses between the mung bean and cowpea lines to estimate the genetic architecture underlying the rapid evolution of a shorter lifespan on cowpea. Dominance (overdominance) contributed substantially to the difference between the cowpea and mung bean lines for female lifespan but not for male lifespan. However, details of the genetic architecture varied among the three replicate crosses, so that the convergent evolution of shorter female lifespan in the different cowpea lines did not arise from identical allelic substitutions. Our study demonstrates that insect lifespan can be predictably modified by a switch to a novel host plant, that both the magnitude of this response and its underlying genetic architecture can be sex-specific, and that convergent evolution of a complex trait such as lifespan can arise from different genetic mechanisms. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1128/JVI.01660-14 | Apolipoprotein E Likely Contributes To A Maturation Step Of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles And Interacts With Viral Envelope Glycoproteins | ABSTRACT The assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles is tightly linked to components of the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) pathway. We and others have shown that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a major role in production of infectious HCV particles. However, the mechanism by which ApoE contributes to virion assembly/release and how it gets associated with the HCV particle is poorly understood. We found that knockdown of ApoE reduces titers of infectious intra- and extracellular HCV but not of the related dengue virus. ApoE depletion also reduced amounts of extracellular HCV core protein without affecting intracellular core amounts. Moreover, we found that ApoE depletion affected neither formation of nucleocapsids nor their envelopment, suggesting that ApoE acts at a late step of assembly, such as particle maturation and infectivity. Importantly, we demonstrate that ApoE interacts with the HCV envelope glycoproteins, most notably E2. This interaction did not require any other viral proteins and depended on the transmembrane domain of E2 that also was required for recruitment of HCV envelope glycoproteins to detergent-resistant membrane fractions. These results suggest that ApoE plays an important role in HCV particle maturation, presumably by direct interaction with viral envelope glycoproteins. IMPORTANCE The HCV replication cycle is tightly linked to host cell lipid pathways and components. This is best illustrated by the dependency of HCV assembly on lipid droplets and the VLDL component ApoE. Although the role of ApoE for production of infectious HCV particles is well established, it is still poorly understood how ApoE contributes to virion formation and how it gets associated with HCV particles. Here, we provide experimental evidence that ApoE likely is required for an intracellular maturation step of HCV particles. Moreover, we demonstrate that ApoE associates with the viral envelope glycoproteins. This interaction appears to be dispensable for envelopment of virus particles but likely contributes to the quality control of secreted infectious virions. These results shed new light on the exploitation of host cell lipid pathways by HCV and the link of viral particle assembly to the VLDL component ApoE. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/ijo.2014.198 | Blocking CD40-TRAF6 interactions by small-molecule inhibitor 6860766 ameliorates the complications of diet-induced obesity in mice | Immune processes contribute to the development of obesity and its complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Approaches that target the inflammatory response are promising therapeutic strategies for obesity. In this context, we recently demonstrated that the interaction between the costimulatory protein CD40 and its downstream adaptor protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) promotes adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice in the course of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Methods:Here we evaluated the effects of a small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) of the CD40-TRAF6 interaction, SMI 6860766, on the development of obesity and its complications in mice that were subjected to DIO. Results:Treatment with SMI 6860766 did not result in differences in weight gain, but improved glucose tolerance. Moreover, SMI 6860766 treatment reduced the amount of CD45 <sup>+</sup> leucocytes in the epididymal adipose tissue by 69%. Especially, the number of adipose tissue CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells, as well as macrophages, was significantly decreased. Conclusions:Our results indicate that small-molecule-mediated inhibition of the CD40-TRAF6 interaction is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity by improving glucose tolerance, by reducing the accumulation of immune cells to the adipose tissue and by skewing of the immune response towards a more anti-inflammatory profile. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1055/s-0036-1591508 | Iron-Catalyzed Silylation of Alcohols by Transfer Hydrosilylation with Silyl Formates | An iron catalyst is shown for the first time to promote transfer hydrosilylation with silyl formates and is utilized for the silylation of alcohols. Attractive features of this protocol include the use of an earth-abundant transition-metal catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and the release of gases as the only byproducts (H2 and CO2). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W1985070237 | O que importa em uma amizade? A percepção de universitários sobre amizades | What matters in a friendship? College students’ perceptions on friendshipsThis paper presents data that complement the construct validation of the McGill Friendship Questionnaires into Brazilian Portuguese. The aim of the questionnaires is to evaluate friendship quality through nine dimensions tapped by scales. The present paper analyzed the complementary dimensions to the McGill Questionnaires’ through an open-ended question that followed the scales. Content analysis provided an overview ofthe friendship concept, highlighting positive and negative aspects of the relationship, as well as similarities with the Canadian culture, where de original scales are from. Resultsindicate themes to be explored in future research and the need of more studies on friendship relationships in other states inside Brazil, in order to identify similarities and differences within the country. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2014.0837 | Of babies and birds: complex tool behaviours are not sufficient for the evolution of the ability to create a novel causal intervention | Humans are capable of simply observing a correlation between cause and effect, and then producing a novel behavioural pattern in order to recreate the same outcome. However, it is unclear how the ability to create such causal interventions evolved. Here, we show that while 24-month-old children can produce an effective, novel action after observing a correlation, tool-making New Caledonian crows cannot. These results suggest that complex tool behaviours are not sufficient for the evolution of this ability, and that causal interventions can be cognitively and evolutionarily disassociated from other types of causal understanding. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
982868 | Advanced cyber-security simulation platform for preparedness training in aviation, naval and power-grid environments | The FORESIGHT project aims to develop a federated cyber-range solution to enhance the preparedness of cyber-security professionals at all levels and advance their skills towards preventing, detecting, reacting and mitigating sophisticated cyber-attacks. This is achieved by delivering an ecosystem of networked realistic training and simulation platforms that collaboratively bring unique cyber-security aspects from the aviation, smart grid and naval domains. The proposed platform will extend the capabilities of existing cyber-ranges and will allow the creation of complex cross-domain/hybrid scenarios to be built jointly with the IoT domain. Emphasis is given on the design and implementation of realistic and dynamic scenarios that are based on identified and forecasted trends of cyber-attacks and vulnerabilities extracted from cyber-threat intelligence gathered from the dark web; this will enable cyber-security professionals to rapidly adapt to an evolving threat landscape. The development of advanced risk analysis and econometric models will prove to be valuable in estimating the impact of cyber-risks, selecting the most appropriate and affordable security measures, and minimising the cost and time to recover from cyber-attacks. Innovative training curricula, guiding cyber-security professionals to implement and combine security measures using new technologies and established learning methodologies, will be created and employed for training needs; they will be linked to professional certification programs and be supported by learning platforms. Aside from the development of skills, the project aims at a holistic approach to cyber-threat management with the ultimate goal of cultivating a strong security culture. As such, the project puts considerable emphasis on research and development (i.e. research on cyber-threats, development of novel ideas, etc) as the key to increasing training dynamics and awareness methods for exceeding the rate of evolution of cyber-attackers | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
IB 0301105 W | DEVICE WITH DISC BRAKING AND TORQUE TRANSMISSION | The invention relates to a device with disc braking and torque transmission. The inventive device, which is disposed between a motor and a load, is used to block the load when the motor is not being supplied and to transmit a mechanical torque when the motor is being supplied. Said device comprises brake discs (11, 5, 12) which are disposed side-by-side and which are alternatively connected to the driving shaft (1) and a casing (2), the discs at the ends (11, 12) of the composite system being connected to the driving shaft (1). Moreover, said device comprises co-operating means which are used to separate the discs and transmit the mechanical torque. The aforementioned means comprise ramps which are disposed on parts (11, 6, 13) and which co-operate with one another. In order to prevent friction between the ramps, balls are inserted therebetween and the use of said ramps and balls provides good responsiveness in relation to the braking device. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/cdd.2016.10 | Identification of a novel agrin-dependent pathway in cell signaling and adhesion within the erythroid niche | Establishment of cell-cell adhesion is crucial in embryonic development as well as within the stem cell niches of an adult. Adhesion between macrophages and erythroblasts is required for the formation of erythroblastic islands, specialized niches where erythroblasts proliferate and differentiate to produce red blood cells throughout life. The Eph family is the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and controls cell adhesion, migration, invasion and morphology by modulating integrin and adhesion molecule activity and by modifying the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we identify the proteoglycan agrin as a novel regulator of Eph receptor signaling and characterize a novel mechanism controlling cell-cell adhesion and red cell development within the erythroid niche. We demonstrate that agrin induces clustering and activation of EphB1 receptors on developing erythroblasts, leading to the activation of α5β1 integrins. In agreement, agrin knockout mice display severe anemia owing to defective adhesion to macrophages and impaired maturation of erythroid cells. These results position agrin-EphB1 as a novel key signaling couple regulating cell adhesion and erythropoiesis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W4224228275 | The current and future incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in 185 countries, 2020–40: A population-based modelling study | To examine global patterns of gastric cancer in 2020 and the projected burden in 2040.Data on primary gastric cancer were extracted from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2020. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated by sex, country, world region and level of human development index (HDI) for 185 countries. The predicted burden of incidence and mortality in 2040 was calculated based on demographic projections.In total, ∼1.1 million new cases and 770,000 deaths of gastric cancer were estimated in 2020. Incidence rates were on average 2-fold higher in males than females (15.8 and 7.0 per 100,000, respectively) with variation across countries. Highest incidence rates were observed in Eastern Asia for both males and females (32.5 and 13.2, respectively); males residing in Japan (48.1), Mongolia (47.2) and Korea (39.7) had the highest rates in the world. Incidence was lowest in Africa with incidence rates < 5 per 100,000. Highest mortality rates were observed in Eastern Asia for both males (21.1) and females (8.8). A lower share of deaths was observed in very high HDI countries compared to medium and low HDI countries. The annual burden of gastric cancer is predicted to increase to ∼1.8 million new cases and ∼1.3 million deaths by 2040.These estimates of the global burden of gastric cancer pinpoint countries and regions of high incidence and mortality in need of cancer control initiatives. Primary prevention through eradication of H. pylori and behavioural changes such as reducing salt intake, smoking, obesity, and alcohol, remains key in stomach cancer control.No direct funding was received. All authors had access to the included study data and all authors agreed with the final decision to submit for publication. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
3732768 | Adaptive optical dendrites | The increased demand for computation with low energy consumption requires entirely novel hardware concepts. In ADOPD we develop ultra-fast computational units based on optical-fiber technologies exploiting information processing principles used by neurons in their dendritic trees. Dendritic processing is highly condensed, local, and parallel and it allows also for non-linear computations. These properties will first be modelled and in a second step transferred to optical systems consisting of fiber optics as well as other optical components. For the first prototype, ADOPD uses well-established single-mode fiber technology to build an optical-dendritic unit (ODU). From there, we move on to cutting-edge multi-mode fibers to obtain an all-optical second prototype of a dendritic tree with significantly higher computing power and compactness. Finally we will design computational models of networks of multiple ODUs to quantify the computational efficiency such multiple, parallel operating devices. Thus, the optical dendritic units created by ADOPD represent a novel, cutting-edge computing hardware for fast, low-power, parallel computing, with the potential to help addressing the rising demands for computation. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fmicb.2018.01925 | Characterization of ML-005, a novel metaproteomics-derived esterase | A novel gene encoding for a lipolytic enzyme, designated ML-005, was recently identified using a functional metaproteomics approach. We heterologously expressed this protein in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized it. ML-005 exhibited lipolytic activity toward short-chained substrates with the preferred substrate being p-nitrophenyl-butyrate, suggesting that ML-005 is an esterase. According to homology analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, the catalytic triad of the enzyme was identified as Ser-99, Asp-164, and His-191. Its optimal pH was determined to be at pH 8. Optimal activity was observed at 45°C. It also exhibited temperature, pH and salt tolerance. Residual relative activity after incubating at 50-60°C for 360 min was above 80% of its initial activity. It showed tolerance over a broad range of pH (5-12) and retained most of its initial activity. Furthermore, incubating ML-005 in 1 - 5M NaCl solution had negligible effect on its activity. DTT, EDTA, and β-mercaptoethanol had no significant effect on ML-005's activity. However, addition of PMSF led to almost complete inactivation consistent with ML-005 being a serine hydrolase. ML-005 remains stable in the presence of a range of metal ions, but addition of Cu2+ significantly reduces its relative activity. Organic solvents have an inhibitory effect on ML-005, but it retained 21% of activity in 10% methanol. SDS had the most pronounced inhibitory effect on ML-005 among all detergents tested and completely inactivated it. Furthermore, the Vmax of ML-005 was determined to be 59. 8 μM/min along with a Km of 137. 9 μM. The kcat of ML-005 is 26 s-1 and kcat/Km is 1. 88 × 105 M-1 s-1. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W2050503428 | Genetic mouse models relevant to schizophrenia: Taking stock and looking forward | Genetic mouse models relevant to schizophrenia complement, and have to a large extent supplanted, pharmacological and lesion-based rat models. The main attraction is that they potentially have greater construct validity; however, they share the fundamental limitations of all animal models of psychiatric disorder, and must also be viewed in the context of the uncertain and complex genetic architecture of psychosis. Some of the key issues, including the choice of gene to target, the manner of its manipulation, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and phenotypic characterization, are briefly considered in this commentary, illustrated by the relevant papers reported in this special issue. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C2JA30154G | The Sr Nd Isolation Procedure For Subsequent Isotopic Analysis Using Multi Collector Icp Mass Spectrometry In The Context Of Provenance Studies On Archaeological Glass | Sr and Nd isotopic analysis of glass can be relied upon to unravel the provenance of the flux component and the sand used in the manufacturing of archaeological glasses, respectively. For a reliable isotopic analysis of the target elements using multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry, the target elements need to be isolated from the matrix to permit adequate correction for instrumental mass discrimination. In this paper, a simple, fast and reliable analytical method for the isolation of Sr and Nd from complex sample matrixes such as archaeological glasses is proposed. Special attention is focused on the Nd isolation protocol, with the definition of TRU-Spec and Ln-Spec resin bed volumes and of an appropriate HCl concentration to optimize Nd elution from the column. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.001 | Handedness in monkeys reflects hemispheric specialization within the central sulcus. An in vivo MRI study in right- and left-handed olive baboons | Handedness, one of the most prominent expressions of laterality, has been historically considered unique to human. This noteworthy feature relates to contralateral inter-hemispheric asymmetries in the motor hand area following the mid-portion of the central sulcus. However, within an evolutionary approach, it remains debatable whether hand preferences in nonhuman primates are associated with similar patterns of hemispheric specialization. In the present study conducted in Old world monkeys, we investigate anatomical asymmetries of the central sulcus in a sample of 86 olive baboons (Papio anubis) from in vivo T1 anatomical magnetic resonance images (MRI). Out of this sample, 35 individuals were classified as right-handed and 28 as left-handed according to their hand use responses elicited by a bimanual coordinated tube task. Here we report that the direction and degree of hand preference (left or right), as measured by this manual task, relates to and correlates with contralateral hemispheric sulcus depth asymmetry, within a mid-portion of the central sulcus. This neuroanatomical manifestation of handedness in baboons located in a region, which may correspond to the motor hand area, questions the phylogenetic origins of human handedness that may date back to their common ancestor, 25–40 millions years ago. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2264787756 | A Decade of Lean in Healthcare: Current State and Future Directions | Over the last decade, many healthcare organizations have adopted lean thinking to reduce wastages and to improve flow efficiency in the patient flow processes. But there is limited research done on understanding the sequence to be followed by healthcare organizations to implement lean in their different departments, and on the applicability of various lean tools in different healthcare settings. This article aims to bridge this gap, map the current state of lean in healthcare and identify future research directions. Key concepts of lean thinking are introduced, and the current body of knowledge between 2002 and 2014 is explored to answer key research questions on the application of lean in different healthcare settings. Further, this article is one of the first attempts to classify healthcare services according to the service process matrix. Results show that different healthcare services pose unique challenges to lean implementation due to their inherent characteristics of service delivery. Research opportunities exist to determine the appropriate path which a hospital should follow while implementing lean, to identify the most appropriate set of lean tools and for empirically validating the benefits of lean. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2349621352 | Spatial Panel Stochastic Frontier Model and Technical Efficiency Estimation | Stochastic frontier model is one of important methods for measuring technical efficiency.Generally,the model assumes that production units are independent of each other.However,spatial externalities play an important role in diffusing technical progress and points in space are co-related.By combining stochastic frontier production theory with spatial econometric analysis,we propose a spatial panel stochastic frontier model in which both of spatially lagged dependent variables and spatially autoregressive error terms are considered,at the same time,we relax the model assumptions that seem to be strong ones.Firstly,time-varying technical efficiency model is analyzed.Secondly,the consequence of heteroskedasticity in the technical inefficiency is investigated.Then,we consider some extensions that account for the latent cross unit heterogeneity.Explicit models for unmeasured cross unit heterogeneity are built into the stochastic frontier.Estimation methods for various kinds of reformulated models are presented.Finally,we focus on the estimation and comparison of technical efficiency measures. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C2SM27290C | Cluster Formation In Systems Of Shifted Dipole Particles | In this contribution we present computer simulation results on the cluster structures in systems, made of particles, with magnetic dipole moment shifted out from the centre of mass towards the particles' surface. This additionally introduced anisotropy in the system strongly affects the topology of clusters at both low and finite temperatures. In the ground state in the intermediate dipolar shift range the dimensionality plays a role due to possibilities for decreasing the inter-dipolar distance. For larger shifts, the dimensionality of the system practically does not influence the ground state energy, but the clusters can still differ in Q2D and 3D. It turns out that at finite temperature the average cluster size changes nonmonotonously with increase in the dipolar moment shift both in quasi 2D and 3D: it first increases, but when the dipolar moment is shifted by more than 50% from the centre, the cluster size starts decreasing fast and reaches unity. We show that our model in a medium range of shift values reproduces some of the cluster structures which are experimentally observed in [Baraban et al. , Phys. Rev. E: Stat. , Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys. , 2008, 77]. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
EP 12824328 A | WORK VEHICLE | There are provided an electric storage device (11), inverter devices (7, 10), a converter device (12) for converting the voltage of circuits to which the inverter devices (7, 10) are connected, a motor generator (6) for driving a hydraulic pump (4) using alternate current from the inverter device (7), a motor (9) for driving wheels (61) using alternate current from the inverter device (10), and a control device (200) for controlling the inverter devices (7, 10). When any of the devices necessary for supplying the current to the motor (9) has developed a failure, the control device (200) drives the motor (9) by getting another normal device to perform another process corresponding to the process that has been performed by the malfunctioned device before the failure. This makes it possible to continue travel movement even when part of a travel power supply system has developed a failure. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1007748 | Erratum: Correction: A homozygous KAT2B variant modulates the clinical phenotype of ADD3 deficiency in humans and flies (PLoS genetics (2018) 14 5 (e1007386)) | [This corrects the article DOI: 10. 1371/journal. pgen. 1007386. ]. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
171010 | New ecological bio ceramic ink based on bio-solvents for ink jet printing (bioceramink) | The goal of BIOCERAMINK project is to commercialize a new type of ceramic ink produced using solvents obtained by vegetal oil instead of solvents made of glycol ether.
The BIOCERAMINK wil be derived from vegetable oils, easily available, improving even the graphics, reducing the fouling of the heads and bars of printers, eliminating clogging or the closing of the nozzles, improving and finally reducing the cost of the inks, of about 30%.
In this way the quality of the products will improve and consequently quality of the prints, without increasing production costs. It should be added that the development of vegetable-based inks can solve the problem of the reduced availability of hydrocarbon-based solvents, such as glycol ether (TPnB), due to an over-production of related compounds pollutants, little used.
The expected results at the end of overall innovation project will be:
1. new marketable ecological products, with low content of alcohol, reduced effects of sedimentation and new range of pigments (colors);
2. full range of produce prototype inks based on components renewable and capable of becoming industrial products (pre-industrial prototypes)
3. full demonstration of BIOCERAMINK in industrial application pilots;
In order to achieve the above mentioned innovation objectives, a feasibility study is needed:
1. to carry out an extensive market analysis and validation study allowing to clearly identify and quantify main market segments, also defining main market drivers, customers desiderata and go to market strategy.
2. To define an industrial development plan aiming at setting up the requirements for a pilot plant that will simulate the reproducibility of the BIOCERAMINK product at commercial scale. The technological roadmap will drive DEF in completing the BIOCERAMINK development, according to result of market study and market validation activities. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
988084 | Unravelling earth’s magnetic history and processes | We wish to understand how magnetic fields are generated in the cores of planets. This process is called the dynamo mechanism, whose understanding remains one of the geophysical grand challenges. In cores of rocky planets and in gas giants, thermal forcing results in convection and the resulting flow of liquid metal transports heat and generates magnetic fields as a result of the electrical currents that are induced by their motion. Magnetic field generation affects heat transport and cooling, controlling planetary history and evolution (on Earth it is connected with the growth of the inner core); and ultimately the presence or not of magnetic fields can control the existence of life. To understand the process, the momentum, induction and heat equations must be solved in three dimensions as a function of time in a spherical geometry and linked to the numerous extant data sets that are available. Present-day computer simulations do this by implementing fluid viscosities that are too large by many orders of magnitude. Our aim is to correct this by creating a working computer code that correctly implements a novel theory for the dynamo process in which viscosity and inertia have negligible effects, as is correct for the planets. These dynamos are likely to be different from any previous computational dynamo presented over the last 25 years. The potential rewards of such a correct theory and implementation will be great. We will understand how self-sustained dynamos equilibrate in this never-explored regime, and discover strengths and geometries of generated magnetic fields as a function of forcing. We will discover how to find reversing dynamos, just like on Earth, and understand the mechanisms at play. We will understand the energy requirements, ultimately understand core cooling and also be able to make more accurate predictions of future field evolution. We also aim to understand the new data returning from missions to the giant planets. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1088/0953-4075/49/19/192001 | Strongly Correlated Bose Gases | The strongly interacting Bose gas is one of the most fundamental paradigms of quantum many-body physics and the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations. We review recent progress on strongly correlated Bose gases, starting with a description of beyond mean-field corrections. We show that the Efimov effect leads to non universal phenomena and to a metastability of the low temperature Bose gas through three-body recombination to deeply bound molecular states. We outline differences and similarities with ultracold Fermi gases, discuss recent experiments on the unitary Bose gas, and finally present a few perspectives for future research. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/s10021-019-00348-y | Biotic and Abiotic Drivers of Topsoil Organic Carbon Concentration in Drylands Have Similar Effects at Regional and Global Scales | Drylands contain 25% of the world’s soil organic carbon (SOC), which is controlled by many factors, both abiotic and biotic. Thus, understanding how these factors control SOC concentration can help to design more sustainable land-use practices in drylands aiming to foster and preserve SOC storage, something particularly important to fight ongoing global warming. We use two independent, large-scale databases with contrasting geographic coverage (236 sites in global drylands and 185 sites in Patagonia, Argentina) to evaluate the relative importance of abiotic (precipitation, temperature and soil texture) and biotic (primary productivity) factors as drivers of SOC concentration in drylands at global and regional scales. We found that biotic and abiotic factors had similar effects on SOC concentration across regional and global scales: Maximum temperature and sand content had negative effects, while precipitation and plant productivity exerted positive effects. Our findings provide empirical evidence that increases in temperature and reductions in rainfall, as forecasted by climatic models in many drylands worldwide, promote declines in SOC both directly and indirectly via the reduction in plant productivity. This has important implications for the conservation of drylands under climate change; land management should seek to enhance plant productivity as a tool to offset the negative impact of climate change on SOC storage and on associated ecosystem services. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W1990996410 | Opportunities for domesticating the African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): multi-trait fruit selection | Among the priority species identified for domestication in the Sahel region of Sub-Sahara Africa is the baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) tree. The quantification of the variation in nutrient content and fruit morphological traits of trees is one of the most important steps in identifying superior planting material for domestication. Ten provenances in Mali covering all the different agro-ecological zones were selected and the fruit morphological traits, vitamin C, calcium, iron and colour were studied. Mean pulp content was 2,149 ± 1,117 , 2,406 ± 776 and 25 ± 17 mg kg−1 for vitamin C, calcium and iron, respectively. Fruit pulp colour varied from white, creamy to pink and a significant correlation between pulp vitamin C content and reflectance in the green and blue bands was observed. Significant negative correlations were found between rainfall and pulp vitamin C content and between mean annual temperature and fruit and pulp weight and pulp fraction, suggesting that these traits are influenced by the environment. Pulp iron content correlated positively with topsoil sodicity and base saturation. Similarly, pulp vitamin C content correlated positively with topsoil sand fraction. Pulp reflectance in the blue and green bands correlated negatively with topsoil pH water and base saturation, respectively. The variation in nutritive and morphological traits offers the opportunity for selecting plus trees with a combination of desired traits for domestication. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
692775 | New Directions in Sustainable Catalysis by Metal Complexes | The discovery of novel sustainable catalytic reactions is a major current goal. Based on recent discoveries in our group, we plan to develop unprecedented sustainable catalytic reactions with special emphasis on reactions catalyzed by complexes of earth-abundant metals.
We have recently discovered an intriguing reaction, namely the oxidation of organic compounds using water, with no added oxidant, evolving H2. This simple, selective reaction, offers now a novel, conceptually new, environmentally benign approach in the field of oxidation of organic compounds, which we will explore.
We recently discovered a new mode of activation of multiple bonds by metal-ligand cooperation, including activation of CO2 and nitrile triple bonds, in which reversible C-C bond formation with the ligand is involved. Based on that, activation of nitriles has resulted in unprecedented C-C bond formation involving addition of simple aliphatic nitriles to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This mode of multiple bond activation may open a new approach to catalysis, “template catalysis”, which we plan to explore.
In addition, the highly desirable, catalytic activation of the kinetically very stable, potent greenhouse gas N2O for the (so far elusive), efficient oxygen transfer to organic compounds, will be pursued.
The use of CO2 in organic synthesis is an important timely topic. Based on its activation by metal ligand cooperation, new catalytic reactions of CO2 will be pursued, including unprecedented carbonylation of non-activated C-H bonds.
Most reactions catalysed by metal complexes involve noble metals. Development of sustainable catalysis based on complexes of earth-abundant metals is of great interest. In all topics described above, catalysis by complexes of such metals will be emphasized. Moreover, based on recent results in our group, we plan to develop an unprecedented family of complexes of earth-abundant metals, and pursue novel sustainable catalysis, based on it. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/kin.21130 | Highly Oxygenated Molecules from Atmospheric Autoxidation of Hydrocarbons: A Prominent Challenge for Chemical Kinetics Studies | Recent advances in chemical ionization mass spectrometry have allowed the detection of a new group of compounds termed highly oxygenated molecules (HOM). These are atmospheric oxidation products of volatile organic compounds (VOC) retaining most of their carbon backbone, and with O/C ratios around unity. Owing to their surprisingly high yields and low vapor pressures, the importance of HOM for aerosol formation has been easy to verify. However, the opposite can be said concerning the exact formation pathways of HOM from major aerosol precursor VOC. While the role of peroxy radical autoxidation, i. e. , consecutive intramolecular H-shifts followed by O2 addition, has been recognized, the detailed formation mechanisms remain highly uncertain. A primary reason is that the autoxidation process occurs on sub-second timescales and is extremely sensitive to environmental conditions like gas composition, temperature, and pressure. This, in turn, poses a great challenge for chemical kinetics studies to be able to mimic the relevant atmospheric reaction pathways, while simultaneously using conditions suitable for studying the short-lived radical intermediates. In this perspective, we define six specific challenges for this community to directly observe the initial steps of atmospherically relevant autoxidation reactions and thereby facilitate vital improvements in the understanding of VOC degradation and organic aerosol formation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
835279 | High temperature superconductivity and the Catch-22 conundrum | CATCH-22 sets out to resolve the mystery of the cuprate high temperature superconductors. Hailed as one of the major discoveries of the 20th Century, its central mysteries – the pairing mechanism, the origin of the ‘pseudogap’ and the nature of the ‘strange metal’ phase, have remained elusive for over 30 years. Typically, what scatters electrons also binds them into pairs, and in the cuprates, the strong pairing interaction manifests itself in the strange metal phase as intense scattering, so strong in fact that it drives the electronic states required for pairing incoherent. In other words, what first promotes high temperature superconductivity ultimately destroys it! This logical paradox is the Catch-22 conundrum.
CATCH-22, the program, comprises three parts. Part 1 will explore the fate of electronic states within the strange metal phase by studying how the metallic response diminishes across universal bounds, both as a function of temperature and interaction strength, through momentum-averaged electrical conductivity and thermal diffusivity studies and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Part 2 will seek to access the ground state of optimally doped cuprates for the first time, by applying intense current and laser pulses to ultra-thin samples in a high magnetic field. The latter, if successful, will open up a new frontier in which intense THz light and intense magnetic fields combine to access the terra incognita of hidden phases. Finally, Part 3 will explore the origins of the strange metal at the edge of the superconducting dome and search for manifestations of incoherence in other strange metals in an attempt to unify the governing principles. Given that the central mysteries are intertwined – the strange metal is a precursor to the pseudogap which in turn leads to superconductivity - CATCH-22 will aim to bring significant new insight into all three and pave the way, finally, for a coherent phenomenological model for cuprate superconductivity. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.012 | Beyond proteome diversity: alternative splicing as a regulator of neuronal transcript dynamics | Brain development and function are governed by tightly controlled gene expression programs. Transcriptional repertoires in neurons are highly specific to developmental stage, neuronal cell type and can undergo rapid changes upon neuronal stimulation. Dedicated molecular mechanisms are required to achieve such fine-tuned regulation. In addition to transcriptional programs, post-transcriptional processes and notably alternative splicing substantially contribute to the elaboration of neuronal gene expression. While alternative splicing has been viewed primarily as a means for expanding proteome diversity, it emerges to also be a major regulator of transcript levels and dynamics. In this review we will describe some of the principal alternative splicing-linked mechanisms that control neuronal transcriptomes and discuss their implications for the central nervous system. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.103002 | Benchmarking Theory with an Improved Measurement of the Ionization and Dissociation Energies of H2 | The dissociation energy of H2 represents a benchmark quantity to test the accuracy of first-principles calculations. We present a new measurement of the energy interval between the EF Σ1g+(v=0,N=1) state and the 54p11 Rydberg state of H2. When combined with previously determined intervals, this new measurement leads to an improved value of the dissociation energy D0N=1 of ortho-H2 that has, for the first time, reached a level of uncertainty that is 3 times smaller than the contribution of about 1 MHz resulting from the finite size of the proton. The new result of 35 999. 582 834(11) cm-1 is in remarkable agreement with the theoretical result of 35 999. 582 820(26) cm-1 obtained in calculations including high-order relativistic and quantum-electrodynamics corrections, as reported in the following Letter [M. Puchalski, J. Komasa, P. Czachorowski, and K. Pachucki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 103003 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710. 1103/PhysRevLett. 122. 103003]. This agreement resolves a recent discrepancy between experiment and theory that had hindered a possible use of the dissociation energy of H2 in the context of the current controversy on the charge radius of the proton. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1177/1754073912451504 | Understanding The Mechanisms Underlying The Production Of Facial Expression Of Emotion A Componential Perspective | We highlight the need to focus on the underlying determinants and production mechanisms to fully understand the nature of facial expression of emotion and to settle the theoretical debate about the meaning of motor expression. Although emotion theorists have generally remained rather vague about the details of the process, this has been a central concern of componential appraisal theories. We describe the fundamental assumptions and predictions of this approach regarding the patterning of facial expressions for different emotions. We also review recent evidence for the assumption that specific facial muscle movements may be reliable symptoms of certain appraisal outcomes and that facial expressions unfold over time on the basis of a sequence of appraisal check results. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
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