id
stringlengths 6
42
| title
stringlengths 3
499
| abstract
stringlengths 0
6.24k
| label
listlengths 1
6
|
|---|---|---|---|
647719 | Towards Artificial Enzymes: Bio-inspired Oxidations in Photoactive Metal-Organic Frameworks | Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are key compounds related to energy storage and conversion, as their unprecedented surface areas make them promising materials for gas storage and catalysis purposes. We believe that their modular construction principles allow the replication of key features of natural enzymes thus demonstrating how cavity size, shape, charge and functional group availability influence the performances in catalytic reactions. This proposal addresses the question of how such novel, bio-inspired metallo-supramolecular systems can be prepared and exploited for sustainable energy applications. A scientific breakthrough that demonstrates the efficient conversion of light into chemical energy would be one of the greatest scientific achievements with unprecedented impact to future generations. We focus on the following key aspects:
a) MOFs containing novel, catalytically active complexes with labile coordination sites will be synthesised using rigid organic ligands that allow us to control the topologies, cavity sizes and surface areas. We will incorporate photosensitizers to develop robust porous MOFs in which light-absorption initiates electron-transfer events that lead to the activation of a catalytic centre. In addition, photoactive molecules will serve as addressable ligands whereby reversible, photo-induced structural transformations impose changes to porosity and chemical attributes at the active sites.
b) Catalytic studies will focus on important oxidations of alkenes and alcohols. These reactions are relevant to H2-based energy concepts as the anodic liberation of protons and electrons can be coupled to their cathodic recombination to produce H2. The studies will provide proof-of-concept for the development of photocatalytic systems for the highly endergonic H2O oxidation reaction that will be explored using most stable MOFs. Further, gas storage and magnetic properties that may also be influenced by light-irradiation will be analysed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2525122725 | Motivating the study of international trade: A classroom activity | ABSTRACTIn this article, the author describes a classroom activity for use in introductory economics courses to motivate the study of international trade. The learning activity highlights the importance of international trade in students' everyday lives by having students inventory their on-hand belongings and identify where the items were manufactured. Students find that even among the relatively few possessions they have with them in the classroom, dozens of countries are represented. Further, the activity can be used to prompt discussions on the benefits of trade, trade patterns, comparative advantage, specialization, and trade regulations, as well as welfare effects of those regulations. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
174191 | Feasibility study for urban protection aviation copter s-100 | SCHIEBEL will develop a new unmanned aerial system (UAS) for civil market applications including urban security which will be more cost-effective, reliable and versatile than current solutions.
Currently air authorities worldwide are formulating the conditions to be able to operate UAS in the civil airspace, opening a myriad of new market opportunities. With its long-term experience and leadership in the UAS market and its cooperation with regulatory authorities, SCHIEBEL is expected to be the first company to operate in the category of professional UAS, a global market which is expected to reach a volume of 700 million USD in the next five years.
SCHIEBEL’s UPAC S-100 will revolutionize disaster relief, protection and surveillance of critical infrastructure and other areas in urban environments, such as:
- Supporting first responders in monitoring disaster areas (e.g., the fire brigade in locating a fire, where people are exiting or how to get around the problem area)
- Instantly creating a temporary mobile phone network in only 30 minutes, dropping leaflets and talking to people via loudspeakers in case of destroyed infrastructure
- Entering contaminated areas (too risky for manned assets) and identifying (through sensors) biological/chemical hazard leaks
- Fast and flexible response to criminal acts (including terrorism)
- Inspections/maintenance of critical infrastructures, e.g. power lines and pipelines
- Improving coast guard activities, maritime emergency response and border control
The Feasibility Assessment will define the regulatory requirements, the business case, the necessary technical developments and the changes needed within SCHIEBEL’s organization. It will define precisely the market potential in terms of geographical areas, type of clients, potential revenues and market size, establishing a roadmap with clear priorities, actions and targets. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.cities.2020.102994 | Governing the sharing economy: Towards a comprehensive analytical framework of municipal governance | The sharing economy is having a transformative impact on our cities, and many municipalities are facing a challenge – how to systematically engage with the sharing economy to both mitigate its negative and enhance its positive impacts. Academic understanding of municipal governance mechanisms of the sharing economy remains poor. To address this gap, we develop a comprehensive analytical framework for municipal governance of the sharing economy, comprising five mechanisms (regulating, providing, enabling, self-governing, collaborating) and eleven roles. We employ a mixed-method approach comprising literature analysis, 139 semi-structured interviews, five workshops, three focus groups, and seven mobile research labs conducted in Amsterdam, Berlin, Gothenburg, London, Malmö, San Francisco and Toronto. We then go on to demonstrate how municipalities have positive and negative interactions with SEOs through various mechanisms. Explaining why municipalities differ in their governance approaches towards SEOs is an important area of future research. The framework contributes to knowledge on municipal governance by offering a holistic classification of mechanisms and roles of municipal governance relating to the sharing economy. In addition to its academic value, the framework has value for urban policy and planning, as it can help municipalities navigate the governance complexity and become more agile when engaging with SEOs. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms5087 | A single evolutionary innovation drives the deep evolution of symbiotic N<inf>2</inf>-fixation in angiosperms | Symbiotic associations occur in every habitat on earth, but we know very little about their evolutionary histories. Current models of trait evolution cannot adequately reconstruct the deep history of symbiotic innovation, because they assume homogenous evolutionary processes across millions of years. Here we use a recently developed, heterogeneous and quantitative phylogenetic framework to study the origin of the symbiosis between angiosperms and nitrogen-fixing (N 2) bacterial symbionts housed in nodules. We compile the largest database of global nodulating plant species and reconstruct the symbiosis' evolution. We identify a single, cryptic evolutionary innovation driving symbiotic N 2-fixation evolution, followed by multiple gains and losses of the symbiosis, and the subsequent emergence of 'stable fixers' (clades extremely unlikely to lose the symbiosis). Originating over 100 MYA, this innovation suggests deep homology in symbiotic N2-fixation. Identifying cryptic innovations on the tree of life is key to understanding the evolution of complex traits, including symbiotic partnerships. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.6093/UNINA/FEDOA/11962 | Three Latin Business Documents From The Papyrussammlung Of The Austrian National Library At Vienna Chla Xliv 1296 1310 1303 Xlv 1348 | The paper offers an editio princeps for three unpublished Latin documentary papyrus, ChLA XLIV 1296; 1310; 1303 + XLV 1348 (= P. Vindob. inv. L 70; 86; 77+145). These are business documents; the first two probably chirographa, or acknowledgments of debt; the last one either a chirographum or the record of a purchase (emptio). Keywords
Latin; papyrus; Chartae Latinae Antiquiores; chirographum; ancient Roman cursive | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
W2886790319 | A Novel Approach to Extract Important Keywords from Documents Applying Latent Semantic Analysis | Keywords extraction is one of the significant fields in natural language processing. The main aspect of this process is to retrieve a set of important terms that represent the core information of a document in details, which is directly related to the document context. In this research, an original approach is presented for keywords extraction technique, which is based on semantic relation. A semantic relation is a model to show the similarity between two or more terms in semantically, which is indicating the relation between words to words in a sentence as well as with the other sentences. This system extracts a specific number of key terms from documents to identify the core content of a text. The datasets are collected from different sources such as books, journals, newspapers etc. Support vector machine, Logistic regression, PAT-tree, word co-occurrences and some other well-known techniques from machine learning and statistical approach has been used to extract keywords. This system shows modified semantic relation approach gives an accuracy of 77.6% precision and 84.3% recall for selected datasets. However, we have found out that this model shows a better result than some conventional approach that has been applied in this field such as position weight and term frequency. Additionally, in this system term frequency, stemming, POS tagging, stop words, and n-grams play an important role to extract keywords from documents. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1894497818 | Utilization of Channel State Information in Transmission Control for Wireless Communication Networks | Title of dissertation: Utilization of Channel State Information in Transmission Control for Wireless Communication Networks Mohamed Hany, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Anthony Ephremides Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering This dissertation deals with the utilization of channel knowledge in improving the performance of wireless communication systems. The first part is about energy harvesting networks. The transmission policies in energy harvesting wireless systems need to adapt to the harvested energy availability and the channel characteristics. We start by considering the scheduling policy for a single energy harvesting source node that operates over a time varying channel. The goal of the source is to maximize the average number of successfully delivered packets per time slot. The transmission decisions depend on the available channel information and the length of the energy queue. Then, we investigate the case in which the source is helped by a relay through a network-level cooperation protocol. We investigate the case of a single relay node in which we optimize the transmission control based on channel measurements. Then, we assess the benefits of using partial relaying. We provide an exact characterization of the stability region of a network which consists of a source, a relay and a destination with random data arrivals to both the source and the relay. We derive the optimal value of the relaying parameter to maximize the stable throughput of the source for a given data arrival rate to the relay. Finally, we introduce the problem of general relaying cost minimization for cooperative energy harvesting networks with multiple relays. Then, we introduce the energy consumption as a cost criterion for the optimization problem to find an energy-efficient partial relaying protocol. In the second part, we investigate the techniques to optimally exploit channel information in transmission control for interfering sources. We discuss the scheduling problem for different levels of channel knowledge because learning instantaneous channels states may be costly or infeasible. We consider a network that consists of two transmitter-receiver pairs which operate over time varying channels. We derive the optimal scheduling policies which maximize the expected weighted sum-rate of the network per time slot. The decision depends on the information about the channels between nodes. In the third part, we investigate the effect of channel estimation on the performance of a secondary network in a cognitive radio system. We focus on estimating the sensing-channel from the primary source to the secondary source which helps in assessing the reliability of the sensing decision. The channel is estimated opportunistically when the secondary source senses the primary source to be active. We consider the performance criterion to be the energy consumed by the secondary system constrained by a required average data transmission rate for the secondary system and an allowable average failure probability for the primary system. Utilization of Channel State Information in Transmission Control for Wireless Communication Networks by Mohamed Tawfeek Kashef Hany Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor Anthony Ephremides, Chair/Advisor Professor Sennur Ulukus Professor Richard J. La Professor Prakash Narayan Professor Jeffrey Herrmann c © Copyright by Mohamed Hany 2013 | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 2015072879 W | METHOD AND MACHINE FOR KNITTING TUBULAR KNITTED ARTICLES | The method for manufacturing tubular knitted articles (M) comprises the steps of: a) knitting a tubular knitted article (M) with the needle cylinder (3); b) transferring loops (MA) of a last-formed course of loops from the needles (5) of the needle cylinder (3) onto the pick-up members (27A, 27B) of a transfer unit (21), divided into two circular half-rings (25A, 25B, 27A, 27B) which can be overturned over each other; c) overturning one of the circular half-rings (25A, 25B, 27A, 27B) of pick-up members (27B) onto the other so as to arrange two edge portions of the final edge of the tubular knitted article (M) one onto the other; d) joining the two edge portions to one another by means of joining stitches (A, B, C, D) formed in intermediate spaces between adjacent pick-up members (27A), whereon the knitted tubular article (M) is retained; e) unloading the knitted tubular article (M) with the closed toe from the transfer unit (21). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4200165152 | European expert consensus on practical management of specific aspects of parathyroid disorders in adults and in pregnancy: recommendations of the ESE Educational Program of Parathyroid Disorders (PARAT 2021) | This European expert consensus statement provides recommendations for the diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), chronic hypoparathyroidism in adults (HypoPT), and parathyroid disorders in relation to pregnancy and lactation. Specified areas of interest and unmet needs identified by experts at the second ESE Educational Program of Parathyroid Disorders (PARAT) in 2019, were discussed during two virtual workshops in 2021, and subsequently developed by working groups with interest in the specified areas. PHPT is a common endocrine disease. However, its differential diagnosing to familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), the definition and clinical course of normocalcemic PHPT, and the optimal management of its recurrence after surgery represent areas of uncertainty requiring clarifications. HypoPT is an orphan disease characterized by low calcium concentrations due to insufficient PTH secretion, most often secondary to neck surgery. Prevention and prediction of surgical injury to the parathyroid glands are essential to limit the disease-related burden. Long-term treatment modalities including the place for PTH replacement therapy and the optimal biochemical monitoring and imaging surveillance for complications to treatment in chronic HypoPT, need to be refined. The physiological changes in calcium metabolism occurring during pregnancy and lactation modify the clinical presentation and management of parathyroid disorders in these periods of life. Modern interdisciplinary approaches to PHPT and HypoPT in pregnant and lactating women and their newborns children are proposed. The recommendations on clinical management presented here will serve as background for further educational material aimed for a broader clinical audience, and were developed with focus on endocrinologists in training. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/ejp.1035 | Placebo-like analgesia via response imagery | Background: Placebo effects on pain are reliably observed in the literature. A core mechanism of these effects is response expectancies. Response expectancies can be formed by instructions, prior experiences and observation of others. Whether mental imagery of a response can also induce placebo-like expectancy effects on pain has not yet been studied systematically. Methods: In Study 1, 80 healthy participants were randomly allocated to (i) response imagery or (ii) control imagery. In Study 2, 135 healthy participants were randomly allocated to (i) response imagery with a verbal suggestion regarding its effectiveness, (ii) response imagery only, or (iii) no intervention. In both studies, expected and experienced pain during cold pressor tests were measured pre- and post-intervention, along with psychological and physiological measures. Results: Participants rated pain as less intense after response imagery than after control imagery in Study 1 (p = 0. 044, ηp2 = 0. 054) and as less intense after response imagery (with or without verbal suggestion) than after no imagery in Study 2 (p < 0. 001, ηp2 = 0. 154). Adding a verbal suggestion did not affect pain (p = 0. 068, ηp2 = 0. 038). The effects of response imagery on experienced pain were mediated by expected pain. Conclusions: Thus, in line with research on placebo effects, the current findings indicate that response imagery can induce analgesia, via its effects on response expectancies. Significance: The reported studies extend research on placebo effects by demonstrating that mental imagery of reduced pain can induce placebo-like expectancy effects on pain. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
175942 | Eco-Innovative housing solution for efficient production of slaughterpigs with limited environmental impact. | Pig meat is the preferred meat in Europe but its production has a dramatic environmental burden both in the local neighbour populations and in overall air pollution impact. Pig farming is at the center of clear conflict of interests, as there is a constant market drive to increase production efficiency, while society demands for an environmentally cleaner and more animal-friendly pig farming industry.
Agrifarm has developed a novel structural design for an eco-innovative barn for slaughterpigs – the Intellifarm housing solution – which makes use of its patented, prize-winning hybrid ventilation system and air cleaning technology to simultaneously reduce the need of mechanical ventilation and improve the capture of air polluting agents within the barn. The obtained results show massive energy savings compared with traditional ventilation systems, as well as a significant reduction of pollution emissions. Furthermore, it strongly contributes to an improved indoor quality, which translates into a healthier, quieter and more comfortable environment for the animals and staff inside the barn.
The remaining step towards commercial exploitation of the Intellifarm is its full scale demonstration and certification. This is directly addressed in the HybridFarm project, where the most important outcome is the construction of two Intellifarms at two different end-user sites in geographical key points to enter the market.
Intellifarm has the potential to decrease pig farming energy costs by 60%, while contributing to up to 50% gains in production profitability. At the same time, overall society burden of pig farming will be significantly reduced, thanks to the 71% global reduction on the emissions of ammonia and 37% reduction of odour, compared with a traditional barn. Moreover, this project opens an auspicious prospect for Agrifarm, which can lead the transition towards more resource-efficient pig farming, in a competitive market worth at €2.9 billion per year. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W1168297851 | Contact Lens Wearer Demographics and Risk Behaviors for Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections – United States, 2014 | Contact lenses provide safe and effective vision correction for many Americans. However, contact lens wearers risk infection if they fail to wear, clean, disinfect, and store their contact lenses as directed. Over the past decade, CDC has investigated several multistate outbreaks of serious eye infections among contact lens wearers, including Acanthamoeba keratitis. Each investigation identified frequent contact lens hygiene-related risk behaviors among patients. To guide prevention efforts, a population-based survey was used to estimate the number of contact lens wearers aged ≥18 years in the United States. A separate online survey of contact lens wearers assessed the prevalence of contact lens hygiene-related risk behaviors. Approximately 99% of wearers reported at least one contact lens hygiene risk behavior. Nearly one third of contact lens wearers reported having experienced a previous contact lens-related red or painful eye requiring a doctor's visit. An estimated 40.9 million U.S. adults wear contact lenses, and many could be at risk for serious eye infections because of poor contact lens wear and care behaviors. These findings have informed the creation of targeted prevention messages aimed at contact lens wearers such as keeping all water away from contact lenses, discarding used disinfecting solution from the case and cleaning with fresh solution each day, and replacing their contact lens case every 3 months. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1242/jcs.134510 | Osteoblast-specific expression of Fra-2/AP-1 controls Adiponectin/Osteocalcin expression and affects metabolism | Recent studies have established that the skeleton functions as an endocrine organ affecting metabolism through the osteoblast-derived hormone osteocalcin (Ocn). However, it is not fully understood how many transcription factors expressed in osteoblasts regulate the endocrine function. Here we show that mice with osteoblast-specific deletion of Fra-2 (Fosl2) have low bone mass, but increased body weight. In contrast, transgenic expression of Fra-2 in osteoblasts leads to increased bone mass and decreased body weight accompanied by reduced serum glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, mice lacking Fra-2 have reduced levels of circulating Ocn, but high Adiponectin (Adipoq), while Fra-2 transgenic mice exhibit high Ocn and low Adipoq levels. Moreover, Adipoq is transcriptionally repressed by Fra-2 in osteoblasts, where it is found expressed. These results demonstrate that Fra-2 expression in osteoblasts represents a novel paradigm for a transcription factor controlling the endocrine function of the skeleton. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1039/C9CC02896J | How Well Can We Predict Cluster Fragmentation Inside A Mass Spectrometer | Fragmentation of molecular clusters inside mass spectrometers is a significant source of uncertainty in a wide range of chemical applications. We have measured the fragmentation of sulfuric acid clusters driving atmospheric new-particle formation, and developed a novel model, based on first principles calculations, capable of quantitatively predicting the extent of fragmentation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201629590 | The Alma Detection Of Co Rotational Line Emission In Agb Stars In The Large Magellanic Cloud | Context: Low- and intermediate-mass stars lose most of their stellar mass at the end of their lives on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). Determining gas and dust mass-loss rates (MLRs) is important in quantifying the contribution of evolved stars to the enrichment of the interstellar medium. Aims: Attempt to, for the first time, spectrally resolve CO thermal line emission in a small sample of AGB stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Methods: ALMA was used to observe 2 OH/IR stars and 4 carbon stars in the LMC in the CO J= 2-1 line. Results: We present the first measurement of expansion velocities in extragalactic carbon stars. All four C-stars are detected and wind expansion velocities and stellar velocities are directly measured. Mass-loss rates are derived from modelling the spectral energy distribution and Spitzer/IRS spectrum with the DUSTY code. Gas-to-dust ratios are derived that make the predicted velocities agree with the observed ones. The expansion velocities and MLRs are compared to a Galactic sample of well-studied relatively low MLRs stars supplemented with "extreme" C-stars that have properties more similar to the LMC targets. Gas MLRs derived from a simple formula are significantly smaller than derived from the dust modelling, indicating an order of magnitude underestimate of the estimated CO abundance, time-variable mass loss, or that the CO intensities in LMC stars are lower than predicted by the formula derived for Galactic objects. This could be related to a stronger interstellar radiation field in the LMC. Conclusions: Although the LMC sample is small and the comparison to Galactic stars is non-trivial because of uncertainties in their distances it appears that for C stars the wind expansion velocities in the LMC are lower than in the solar neighbourhood, while the MLRs appear similar. This is in agreement with dynamical dust-driven wind models. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41593-018-0292-0 | Efficient coding of subjective value | Preference-based decisions are essential for survival, for instance, when deciding what we should (not) eat. Despite their importance, preference-based decisions are surprisingly variable and can appear irrational in ways that have defied mechanistic explanations. Here we propose that subjective valuation results from an inference process that accounts for the structure of values in the environment and that maximizes information in value representations in line with demands imposed by limited coding resources. A model of this inference process explains the variability in both subjective value reports and preference-based choices, and predicts a new preference illusion that we validate with empirical data. Interestingly, the same model explains the level of confidence associated with these reports. Our results imply that preference-based decisions reflect information-maximizing transmission and statistically optimal decoding of subjective values by a limited-capacity system. These findings provide a unified account of how humans perceive and valuate the environment to optimally guide behavior. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkz656 | Genome-wide epistasis and co-selection study using mutual information | AbstractCovariance-based discovery of polymorphisms under co-selective pressure or epistasis has received considerable recent attention in population genomics. Both statistical modeling of the population level covariation of alleles across the chromosome and model-free testing of dependencies between pairs of polymorphisms have been shown to successfully uncover patterns of selection in bacterial populations. Here we introduce a model-free method, SpydrPick, whose computational efficiency enables analysis at the scale of pan-genomes of many bacteria. SpydrPick incorporates an efficient correction for population structure, which adjusts for the phylogenetic signal in the data without requiring an explicit phylogenetic tree. We also introduce a new type of visualization of the results similar to the Manhattan plots used in genome-wide association studies, which enables rapid exploration of the identified signals of co-evolution. Simulations demonstrate the usefulness of our method and give some insight to when this type of analysis is most likely to be successful. Application of the method to large population genomic datasets of two major human pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, revealed both previously identified and novel putative targets of co-selection related to virulence and antibiotic resistance, highlighting the potential of this approach to drive molecular discoveries, even in the absence of phenotypic data. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2007982227 | Synthesis of titania microspheres with hierarchical structures and high photocatalytic activity by using nonanoic acid as the structure-directing agent | Abstract The titania, as the heterogeneous photocatalyst, has attracted much attention in attempts to eliminate pollutants, especially organic compounds in water and air. In this study, the titania microspheres with hierarchical structures were prepared by a combined sol–gel and solvothermal method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) result indicated that the synthesized titania microspheres were of anatase phase. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) showed that the microspheres with well-dispersity had an average diameter of 651 nm and were composed of nanoparticles with about 20 nm in diameter. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results showed that the microspheres possessed high surface areas and lots of mesopores. Further study indicated that the synthesized titania microspheres exhibited high photocatalytic activity and had an important advantage over the commercial P25. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.mod.2016.10.001 | Apoptotic forces in tissue morphogenesis | It is now well established that apoptosis is induced in response to mechanical strain. Indeed, increasing compressive forces induces apoptosis in confined spheroids of tumour cells, whereas releasing stress reduces apoptosis in spheroids cultivated in free suspension (Cheng et al. , 2009). Apoptosis can also be induced by applying a 100 to 250 MPa pressure, as shown in different cultured cells (for review, see (Frey et al. , 2008)). During epithelium development, the pressure caused by a fast-growing clone can trigger apoptosis at the vicinity of the clone, mediating mechanical cell competition (Levayer et al. , 2016). While the effect of strain has long been known for its role in apoptosis induction, the reciprocal mechanism has only recently been highlighted. First demonstrated at the cellular level, the effect of an apoptotic cell on its direct neighbours has been analysed in different kinds of monolayer epithelium (Gu et al. , 2011; Rosenblatt et al. , 2001; Kuipers et al. , 2014; Lubkov & Bar-Sagi, 2014). More recently, the concept of a broader impact of apoptotic cell behaviours on tissue mechanical strain has emerged from the characterisation of tissue remodelling during Drosophila development (Toyama et al. , 2008; Monier et al. , 2015). In the present review, we summarize our current knowledge on the mechanical impact of apoptosis during tissue remodelling. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.7554/elife.46454 | Combinations of Spok genes create multiple meiotic drivers in Podospora | Meiotic drive is the preferential transmission of a particular allele during sexual reproduction. The phenomenon is observed as spore killing in multiple fungi. In natural populations of Podospora anserina, seven spore killer types (Psks) have been identified through classical genetic analyses. Here we show that the Spok gene family underlies the Psks. The combination of Spok genes at different chromosomal locations defines the spore killer types and creates a killing hierarchy within a population. We identify two novel Spok homologs located within a large (74–167 kbp) region (the Spok block) that resides in different chromosomal locations in different strains. We confirm that the SPOK protein performs both killing and resistance functions and show that these activities are dependent on distinct domains, a predicted nuclease and kinase domain. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses across ascomycetes suggest that the Spok genes disperse through cross-species transfer, and evolve by duplication and diversification within lineages. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
310809 | ‘Seeing’ with the ears, hands and bionic eyes: from theories about brain organization to visual rehabilitation | My lab's work ranges from basic science, querying brain plasticity and sensory integration, to technological developments, allowing the blind to be more independent and even “see” using sounds and touch similar to bats and dolphins (a.k.a. Sensory Substitution Devices, SSDs), and back to applying these devices in research. We propose that, with proper training, any brain area or network can change the type of sensory input it uses to retrieve behaviorally task-relevant information within a matter of days. If this is true, it can have far reaching implications also for clinical rehabilitation. To achieve this, we are developing several innovative SSDs which encode the most crucial aspects of vision and increase their accessibility the blind, along with targeted, structured training protocols both in virtual environments and in real life. For instance, the “EyeMusic”, encodes colored complex images using pleasant musical scales and instruments, and the “EyeCane”, a palm-size cane, which encodes distance and depth in several directions accurately and efficiently. We provide preliminary but compelling evidence that following such training, SSDs can enable almost blind to recognize daily objects, colors, faces and facial expressions, read street signs, and aiding mobility and navigation. SSDs can also be used in conjunction with (any) invasive approach for visual rehabilitation. We are developing a novel hybrid Visual Rehabilitation Device which combines SSD and bionic eyes. In this set up, the SSDs is used in training the brain to “see” prior to surgery, in providing explanatory signal after surgery and in augmenting the capabilities of the bionic-eyes using information arriving from the same image. We will chart the dynamics of the plastic changes in the brain by performing unprecedented longitudinal Neuroimaging, Electrophysiological and Neurodisruptive approaches while individuals learn to ‘see’ using each of the visual rehabilitation approaches suggested here. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 33030789 A | Control device for hydraulically driven cooling fan of vehicle engine having relief passage for cold start | In a device for controlling the flow rate of a hydraulic operating fluid from a pump to a hydraulic motor for driving an engine cooling fan in a vehicle by modifying either the cross sectional opening area of a variable flow constriction means in the fluid conducting passage while maintaining a constant pressure difference across the flow constriction means by a pressure control valve responsive to the pressure difference across the flow constriction means or the pressure difference by selectively partly leaking the pressure transmitted from the downstream side of the flow constriction means to a rear side of the pressure control valve, a cold state relief means is provided to temporarily relieve the rear side of the pressure control valve at cold start of the engine to avoid abnormally high fluid pressure being supplied to the motor due to delayed response of the pressure control valve under high viscosity of the operating fluid at low temperature. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/jz401754b | Protein denaturation with guanidinium: A 2D-IR study | Guanidinium (Gdm+) is a widely used denaturant, but it is still largely unknown how it operates at the molecular level. In particular, the effect of guanidinium on the different types of secondary structure motifs of proteins is at present not clear. Here, we use two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) to investigate changes in the secondary structure of two proteins with mainly α-helical or β-sheet content upon addition of Gdm-13C15N3·Cl. We find that upon denaturation, the β-sheet protein shows a complete loss of β-sheet structure, whereas the α-helical protein maintains most of its secondary structure. These results suggest that Gdm+ disrupts β-sheets much more efficiently than α-helices, possibly because in the former, hydrophobic interactions are more important and the number of dangling hydrogen bonds is larger. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1177/0141076816632215 | Austerity and old-age mortality in England: a longitudinal cross-local area analysis, 2007–2013 | Objective There has been significant concern that austerity measures have negatively impacted health in the UK. We examined whether budgetary reductions in Pension Credit and social care have been associated with recent rises in mortality rates among pensioners aged 85 years and over. Design Cross-local authority longitudinal study. Setting Three hundred and twenty-four lower tier local authorities in England. Main outcome measure Annual percentage changes in mortality rates among pensioners aged 85 years or over. Results Between 2007 and 2013, each 1% decline in Pension Credit spending (support for low income pensioners) per beneficiary was associated with an increase in 0. 68% in old-age mortality (95% CI: 0. 41 to 0. 95). Each reduction in the number of beneficiaries per 1000 pensioners was associated with an increase in 0. 20% (95% CI: 0. 15 to 0. 24). Each 1% decline in social care spending was associated with a significant rise in old-age mortality (0. 08%, 95% CI: 0. 0006–0. 12) but not after adjusting for Pension Credit spending. Similar patterns were seen in both men and women. Weaker associations observed for those aged 75 to 84 years, and none among those 65 to 74 years. Categories of service expenditure not expected to affect old-age mortality, such as transportation, showed no association. Conclusions Rising mortality rates among pensioners aged 85 years and over were linked to reductions in spending on income support for poor pensioners and social care. Findings suggest austerity measures in England have affected vulnerable old-age adults. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1021/nn306028t | Spatially-resolved EELS analysis of antibody distribution on biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles | Spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (SR-EELS) using scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) allows the identification and determination of the spatial distribution of the components/elements of immuno-functionalized core-shell superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Here, we report that SR-EELS measurements allow the direct identification and study of the biological moieties (protein G and anti-HRP antibody) in complex bionanocarriers of relevance for biomedical applications. Our findings show that the biomacromolecules are located on specific areas on the nanoparticles' surface. In addition, efficiency of this functionalization was evaluated by means of biochemical techniques. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/122 | The Complex Accretion Geometry Of Gx 339 4 As Seen By Nustar And Swift | We present spectral analysis of five NuSTAR and Swift observations of GX 339−4 taken during a failed outburst in summer 2013. These observations cover Eddington luminosity fractions in the range ≈0. 9–6%. Throughout this outburst, GX 339−4 stayed in the hard state, and all five observations show similar X-ray spectra with a hard power-law with a photon index near 1. 6 and significant contribution from reflection. Using simple reflection models we find unrealistically high iron abundances. Allowing for different photon indices for the continuum incident on the reflector relative to the underlying observed continuum results in a statistically better fit and reduced iron abundances. With a photon index around 1. 3, the input power-law on the reflector is significantly harder than that which is directly observed. We study the influence of different emissivity profiles and geometries and consistently find an improvement when using separate photon indices. The inferred inner accretion disk radius is strongly model dependent, but we do not find evidence for a truncation radius larger than 100 r g in any model. The data do not allow independent spin constraints but the results are consistent with the literature (i. e. , a > 0). Our best-fit models indicate an inclination angle in the range 40–60 • , consistent with limits on the orbital inclination but higher than reported in the literature using standard reflection models. The iron line around 6. 4 keV is clearly broadened, and we detect a superimposed narrow core as well. This core originates from a fluorescence region outside the influence of the strong gravity of the black hole and we discuss possible geometries. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1111/bjd.15928 | Use of systemic corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis: International Eczema Council consensus statement | Background: Guidelines discourage the use of systemic corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis (AD), but their use remains widespread. Objectives: To reach consensus among an international group of AD experts on the use of systemic corticosteroids for AD. Methods: A survey consisting of statements accompanied by visual analogue scales ranging from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘neutral’ to ‘strongly agree’ was distributed to the International Eczema Council (IEC). Consensus was reached in agreement on a statement if < 30% of respondents marked to the left of ‘neutral’ towards ‘strongly disagree’. Results: Sixty of 77 (78%) IEC members participated. Consensus was reached on 12 statements, including that systemic corticosteroids should generally be avoided but can be used rarely for severe AD under certain circumstances, including a lack of other treatment options, as a bridge to other systemic therapies or phototherapy, during acute flares in need of immediate relief, in anticipation of a major life event or in the most severe cases. If used, treatment should be limited to the short term. Most respondents agreed that systemic corticosteroids should never be used in children, but consensus was not reached on that statement. The conclusions of our expert group are limited by a dearth of high-quality published evidence. If more stringent consensus criteria were applied (e. g. requiring < 20% of respondents marking towards ‘strongly disagree’), consensus would have been reached on fewer statements. Conclusions: Based on expert opinion from the IEC, routine use of systemic corticosteroids for AD is generally discouraged and should be reserved for special circumstances. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
Q4430219 | Extension de la portée des activités de TMT TOMASZ Ogonowski afin de lutter contre la COVID-19 | La requérante au projet est TMT Tomasz Ogonowski, qui gère l’Antidotum Music Club de Wrocław. En raison de la COVID-19, les activités de divertissement ont été interdites par le gouvernement. Pendant plusieurs mois, l’entreprise n’a pu générer aucun chiffre d’affaires de quelque manière que ce soit. Le projet vise à améliorer la qualité des services offerts jusqu’à présent. La gamme comprend l’équipement de deux salles de danse d’équipements sonores, d’éclairage et d’écrans LCD, l’armement d’équipement de musique DJ, des consoles de jeu. Cela améliorera la qualité du son et de l’éclairage, ce qui est désormais crucial en termes de concurrence accrue pour les clients. L’entreprise dispose des ressources appropriées pour la mise en œuvre de ce projet, car les employés et le propriétaire connaissent très bien l’industrie et l’équipement. Liste des dépenses: Achat d’équipement sonore Achat d’éclairage Achat d’écrans LED Achat d’équipement de musique DJ Valeur totale du projet: 246 000,00 Dépenses admissibles: 200 000,00 Financement: 160 000,00 Le projet sera mis en œuvre à Wrocław. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0103353 | Prenatal exposure to maternal bereavement and childbirths in the offspring: A population-based cohort study | Introduction: The decline in birth rates is a concern in public health. Fertility is partly determined before birth by the intrauterine environment and prenatal exposure to maternal stress could, through hormonal disturbance, play a role. There has been such evidence from animal studies but not from humans. We aimed to examine the association between prenatal stress due to maternal bereavement following the death of a relative and childbirths in the offspring. Materials and Methods: This population-based cohort study included all subjects born in Denmark after 1968 and in Sweden after 1973 and follow-up started at the age of 12 years. Subjects were categorized as exposed if their mothers lost a close relative during pregnancy or the year before and unexposed otherwise. The main outcomes were age at first child and age-specific mean numbers of childbirths. Data was analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazards models stratified by gender and adjusted for several covariates. Subanalyses were performed considering the type of relative deceased and timing of bereavement. Results: A total of 4,121,596 subjects were followed-up until up to 41 years of age. Of these subjects, 93,635 (2. 3%) were exposed and 981,989 (23. 8%) had at least one child during follow-up time. Compared to unexposed, the hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval] of having at least one child for exposed males and females were 0. 98 [0. 96-1. 01] and 1. 01 [0. 98-1. 03], respectively. We found a slightly reduced probability of having children in females born to mothers who lost a parent with HR = 0. 97 [0. 94-0. 99] and increased probability in females born to mothers who lost another child (HR = 1. 09 [1. 04-1. 14]), the spouse (HR = 1. 29 [1. 12-1. 48]) or a sibling (HR = 1. 13 [1. 01-1. 27]). Conclusions: Our results suggested no overall association between prenatal exposure to maternal stress and having a child in early adulthood but a longer time of follow-up is necessary in order to reach a firmer conclusion. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1130/ges02244.1 | Extraformational sediment recycling on Mars | AbstractExtraformational sediment recycling (old sedimentary rock to new sedimentary rock) is a fundamental aspect of Earth’s geological record; tectonism exposes sedimentary rock, whereupon it is weathered and eroded to form new sediment that later becomes lithified. On Mars, tectonism has been minor, but two decades of orbiter instrument–based studies show that some sedimentary rocks previously buried to depths of kilometers have been exposed, by erosion, at the surface. Four locations in Gale crater, explored using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Curiosity rover, exhibit sedimentary lithoclasts in sedimentary rock: At Marias Pass, they are mudstone fragments in sandstone derived from strata below an erosional unconformity; at Bimbe, they are pebble-sized sandstone and, possibly, laminated, intraclast-bearing, chemical (calcium sulfate) sediment fragments in conglomerates; at Cooperstown, they are pebble-sized fragments of sandstone within coarse sandstone; at Dingo Gap, they are cobble-sized, stratified sandstone fragments in conglomerate derived from an immediately underlying sandstone. Mars orbiter images show lithified sediment fans at the termini of canyons that incise sedimentary rock in Gale crater; these, too, consist of recycled, extraformational sediment. The recycled sediments in Gale crater are compositionally immature, indicating the dominance of physical weathering processes during the second known cycle. The observations at Marias Pass indicate that sediment eroded and removed from craters such as Gale crater during the Martian Hesperian Period could have been recycled to form new rock elsewhere. Our results permit prediction that lithified deltaic sediments at the Perseverance (landing in 2021) and Rosalind Franklin (landing in 2023) rover field sites could contain extraformational recycled sediment. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W1412280981 | Study of Automatic Test System of Surface Flatness in No-Till Field Based on the PLC Technology | In this paper, automatic test system of surface flatness was designed according to the characteristics of the no-till field by combining the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), laser sensor and stepping motor automatic control technologies. Monitor and Control Generated System (MCGS) configuration software was used to form the interaction interface. Real-time data report and the trend line could be created by accessing PC machine to this system, and then the surface roughness detection was realized automatically. Compared with the traditional test methods, results of the automatic test system showed that the measured value is accordance with the artificial measured value, and the correlation coefficient between them was above 0.95; and the detection efficiency had been improved by 2.3 times. These results proved the effectiveness of the automatic test system in detecting the surface flatness of the no-till field. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
interreg_2197 | Green Growth through the capitalization of innovative Greenhouses | The project will mainly capitalize results of LIFE+ "Adapt2change" project by promoting, disseminating & transferring innovative Greenhouses in the MED area, minimizing water & energy demand. The project will stimulate environmental awareness on issues related to energy & water efficiency & sustainable production, contributing to Green Growth & promoting sustainable development. Particularly, the partners will (main outputs):
- Create a transnational innovative cluster / agricultural network through a memorandum of agreement.
- Develop tailored policy recommendations favoring collaboration between the actors of quadruple helix, enhancing existing framework for eco-innovation investments.
- Transfer existing knowledge gained through the elaboration of a joint MED Action Plan & e-learning platform/training course material/workshops/webinars.
- Identify possible financial opportunities formulated to the needs of each region.
The overall objective is to Improve eco-innovation capacities of public & private actors in the greenhouse/agriculture sector through stronger transnational cooperation, knowledge transfer & better collaborative networks. Main beneficiaries will be Greenhouse Farmers, Businesses specialized in Agro-food & Greenhouse industry, Policy Makers - Unions of Agricultural Cooperatives, Research Technology Institutes who will be invited to participate in seminars, workshops, consultations & the Final Conference, contributing to the achievement of project objectives. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1137/130926833 | Multiscale analysis of similarities between images on riemannian manifolds | In this paper we study the problem of comparing two patches of an image defined on a Riemannian manifold, which can be defined by the image domain with a suitable metric depending on the image. The size of the patch will not be determined a priori, and we identify it with a variable scale. Our approach can be considered as a nonlocal extension (comparing two points) of the multiscale analyses defined using the axiomatic approach by Alvarez et al. [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. , 123 (1993), pp. 199-257]. Following this axiomatic approach, we can define a set of similarity measures that appear as solutions of a degenerate partial differential equation. This equation can be further specified in the linear case, and we observe that it contains as a particular instance the case of using weighted Euclidean distances as comparison measures. Finally, we discuss the case of some morphological scale spaces that exhibit a higher complexity. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/104 | Are Compton Thick Agns The Missing Link Between Mergers And Black Hole Growth | We examine the host morphologies of heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z ~ 1 to test whether obscured super-massive black hole growth at this epoch is preferentially linked to galaxy mergers. Our sample consists of 154 obscured AGNs with N_H > 10^(23. 5) cm^(-2) and z 1. 5. Using visual classifications, we compare the morphologies of these AGNs to control samples of moderately obscured 10^(22) cm^(-2) < N_H < 10^(23. 5)cm^(-2) and unobscured (N_H < 10^(22) cm^(-2)) AGN. These control AGNs have similar redshifts and intrinsic X-ray luminosities to our heavily obscured AGN. We find that heavily obscured AGNs are twice as likely to be hosted by late-type galaxies relative to unobscured AGNs (65. 3_(-4. 6)^(+4. 1)%) versus 34. 5_(-2. 7)^(+2. 9)%) and three times as likely to exhibit merger or interaction signatures (21. 5_(-3. 3)^(+4. 2)%) versus 7. 8_(-1. 3)^(+1. 9)%). The increased merger fraction is significant at the 3. 8σ level. If we exclude all point sources and consider only extended hosts, we find that the correlation between the merger fraction and obscuration is still evident, although at a reduced statistical significance (2. 5σ). The fact that we observe a different disk/spheroid fraction versus obscuration indicates that the viewing angle cannot be the only thing differentiating our three AGN samples, as a simple unification model would suggest. The increased fraction of disturbed morphologies with obscuration supports an evolutionary scenario, in which Compton-thick AGNs are a distinct phase of obscured super-massive black hole (SMBH) growth following a merger/interaction event. Our findings also suggest that some of the merger-triggered SMBH growth predicted by recent AGN fueling models may be hidden among the heavily obscured, Compton-thick population. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-020-61030-1 | Complete Profiling of Methyl-CpG-Binding Domains for Combinations of Cytosine Modifications at CpG Dinucleotides Reveals Differential Read-out in Normal and Rett-Associated States | 5-Methylcytosine (mC) exists in CpG dinucleotides of mammalian DNA and plays key roles in chromatin regulation during development and disease. As a main regulatory pathway, fully methylated CpG are recognized by methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins that act in concert with chromatin remodelers, histone deacetylases and methyltransferases to trigger transcriptional downregulation. In turn, MBD mutations can alter CpG binding, and in case of the MBD protein MeCP2 can cause the neurological disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). An additional layer of complexity in CpG recognition is added by ten-eleven-translocation (TET) dioxygenases that oxidize mC to 5-hydroxymethyl-, 5-formyl- and 5-carboxylcytosine, giving rise to fifteen possible combinations of cytosine modifications in the two CpG strands. We report a comprehensive, comparative interaction analysis of the human MBD proteins MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 with all CpG combinations and observe individual preferences of each MBD for distinct combinations. In addition, we profile four MeCP2 RTT mutants and reveal that although interactions to methylated CpGs are similarly affected by the mutations, interactions to oxidized mC combinations are differentially affected. These findings argue for a complex interplay between local TET activity/processivity and CpG recognition by MBDs, with potential consequences for the transcriptional landscape in normal and RTT states. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkz1189 | Native elongation transcript sequencing reveals temperature dependent dynamics of nascent RNAPII transcription in Arabidopsis | Temperature profoundly affects the kinetics of biochemical reactions, yet how large molecular complexes such as the transcription machinery accommodate changing temperatures to maintain cellular function is poorly understood. Here, we developed plant native elongating transcripts sequencing (plaNET-seq) to profile genome-wide nascent RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription during the cold-response of Arabidopsis thaliana with single-nucleotide resolution. Combined with temporal resolution, these data revealed transient genome-wide reprogramming of nascent RNAPII transcription during cold, including characteristics of RNAPII elongation and thousands of non-coding transcripts connected to gene expression. Our results suggest a role for promoter-proximal RNAPII stalling in predisposing genes for transcriptional activation during plant-environment interactions. At gene 3′-ends, cold initially facilitated transcriptional termination by limiting the distance of read-through transcription. Within gene bodies, cold reduced the kinetics of co-transcriptional splicing leading to increased intragenic stalling. Our data resolved multiple distinct mechanisms by which temperature transiently altered the dynamics of nascent RNAPII transcription and associated RNA processing, illustrating potential biotechnological solutions and future focus areas to promote food security in the context of a changing climate. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.3917/ride.258.0087 | Pour la sécurité alimentaire : Restaurer la responsabilité d'État - Les besoins de la société civile : La souveraineté alimentaire au service de la sécurité alimentaire | We do not ask carpenter to cure persons, or to a dentist to build homes. What do we ask for states to do that we don't for business? We should read Jean-Jacques Rousseau for the answer, as he should have 300 years old this year. See what he wrote (in french) : « La volonté géné rale peut seule diriger les forces de l'État selon la fin de son institution (création), qui est le bien commun ; car, si l'opposition des intérêts particuliers a rendu nécessaire l'établissement des sociétés, c'est l'accord de ces mêmes intérêts qui l'a rendu possible. C'est ce qu'il y a de commun dans ces différents intérêts qui forme le lien social. . . Or c'est uniquement sur cet intérêt commun que la société doit être gouvernée. » It's uncontestable, food is mostly produced, processed, packed, transported or sold by business, that are furthermore being placed in competition, more and more world widely. But isn't in economical and physical access to adequate food, at any time, coming from local producers, something normal, justifiable, ensuing from a social contract? Food security, self sufficiency and food sovereignty are often mixed up. Coalition then connected it together. Food self sufficiency (the collective one) is the food domestically consumed coming from the domestic producers. This not mean commercial balance which is the ratio, in dollars, of food domestically produced, on food domestically consumed. If we do accept that food security is part of common good, and thus it's calling for public interest, Coalition believe that a legitimate state should not be satisfied with this only indicator of commercial balance to rate its performance. It should also take into an account and pursuit an ambitious objective of collective self sufficiency. But to reach this goal, states need no protect this normal link between food produced and food consumed, on a country basis. Do they still have enough strength to do so? Do they still have enough sovereignty on their food policies, as they let it go to WTO or other multilateral trade agreement forum? Why and for who get all the food produced being treated on world trade basis (price), while, from 2006 to 2008, only 18 % of wheat, 7 % of rice, 12 % of maize, 5 % of pork, 10 % of poultry and 12 % of beef had being trade internationally? Retail food prices don't include environmental or social problems, no more than the important incontrollable physical differences between territories, such as climate, temperature, rain, soil qualities, etc. Countries that decided rightly to implement minimum wage face their farms or processors to costs that other food operators, from other countries that don't get that kind of social security net, don't have to face to. When a small African farmer work for one hour, he produced 2000 times less food then the Bresilian one, who works with tractors on large scale farms. Food production is a non equal economic activity. States are then placed in front of a choice to make. They could let the market go, or regulate it to keep their national means of production and assure an adequate control on their food security. This become a social contract where prices, quantities and quality of food are monitored and controlled for the citizen's benefit. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/s10851-013-0488-6 | A multi-orientation analysis approach to retinal vessel tracking | This paper presents a method for retinal vasculature extraction based on biologically inspired multiorientation analysis. We apply multi-orientation analysis via so-called invertible orientation scores, modeling the cortical columns in the visual system of higher mammals. This allows us to generically deal with many hitherto complex problems inherent to vessel tracking, such as crossings, bifurcations, parallel vessels, vessels of varying widths and vessels with high curvature. Our approach applies tracking in invertible orientation scores via a novel geometrical principle for curve optimization in the Euclidean motion group SE(2). The method runs fully automatically and provides a detailed model of the retinal vasculature, which is crucial as a sound basis for further quantitative analysis of the retina, especially in screening applications. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/522/1/012063 | Quantitative Electron Tomography Investigation Of A Tio2Based Solar Cell Photoanode | The development of efficient thin film solar cells requires a deep knowledge of the nanoscale morphology of the active layers. While conventional investigation is usually limited to 2D information, here we use electron tomography to unravel a complex particle network in a non-ambiguous, 3D reconstruction. We present our study of a dye sensitised solar cell, based on a nanostructured TiO2 photoanode produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and displaying a hierarchical, quasi-1D arrangement. We prepare the sample for electron tomography using focused ion beam (FIB) milling to obtain a micro-pillar, instead of a conventional TEM lamella. This approach has the advantage of allowing higher quality tomographic reconstructions of complex morphologies due to the increased tilt range available and the constant thickness of the section. We analyse the resulting reconstruction to quantitatively investigate the geometry of the TiO2 network. We compare the findings with a photoanode based on a conventional TiO2 paste, determining the anisotropy of the PLD-grown film. To complement our nanoscale TEM characterization, we also employ FIB tomography, to obtain a complete structural characterisation of the photoanode at different length scales. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
269573 | Liquidity and Risk in Macroeconomic Models | The proposal is motivated by the need to incorporate financial realities into macroeconomic models. The objective is to introduce leverage and liquidity in standard dynamic general equilibrium models and analyze their macroeconomic implications. The proposal is divided into two sub-projects and analyzes two different aspects of liquidity. The first deals with leverage and market liquidity in developed financial economies. The second examines the demand for liquid assets by emerging countries and its global implications. In the first sub-project, the proposal breaks new ground in the understanding of the dynamics of risk and in explaining some important features of the recent crisis. The project particularly emphasizes the role of self-fulfilling changes in expectations that can lead to sudden large shifts in risk. This can take the form of a financial panic with a big drop in asset prices. Various extensions will investigate the empirical implications as well as the implications for international capital flows, exchange rates, macroeconomic activity and policy recommendations. In the second sub-project, the objective is to formalize and analyze different degrees of liquidity in international capital flows. The project will innovate in finding ways to model liquidity in dynamic open economy models. This will allow a better understanding of the recent pattern in international capital flows, where less developed countries lend to richer economies. It will also shed light on the evolution of global imbalances before and after the crisis. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01909 | Automatic change detection of emotional and neutral body expressions: Evidence from visual mismatch negativity | Rapidly and effectively detecting emotions in others is an important social skill. Since emotions expressed by the face are relatively easy to fake or hide, we often use body language to gauge the genuine emotional state of others. Recent studies suggest that expression-related visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) reflects the automatic processing of emotional changes in facial expression; however, the automatic processing of changes in body expression has not yet been studied systematically. The current study uses an oddball paradigm where neutral body actions served as standard stimuli, while fearful body expressions and other neutral body actions served as two different deviants to define body-related vMMN, and to compare the mechanisms underlying the processing of emotional changes to neutral postural changes. The results show a more negative vMMN amplitude for fear deviants 210–260 ms after stimulus onset which corresponds with the negativity bias that was obtained on the N190 component. In earlier time windows, the vMMN amplitude following the two types of deviant stimuli are identical. Therefore, we present a two-stage model for processing changes in body posture, where changes in body posture are processed in the first 170–210 ms, but emotional changes in the time window of 210–260 ms. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2108754497 | On the New Passive | The so-called New Passive in Icelandic takes the form 'it was elected us' (or, e.g., 'then was elected us', without an expletive), instead of the standard form 'we were elected'. It has neither A-movement to subject nor acc-to-nom conversion, which are otherwise diagnostic of the canonical in Icelandic and related languages. Some researchers have argued that passive is in fact a misnomer and that the construction should instead be analyzed as an active one, with a nominative pro. This paper argues instead in favor of a minimalist analysis, where the New Passive is closely related to the impersonal P (with a PP, type 'then was shouted at us'), which is highly common and productive in Icelandic. On the approach pursued, acc-to-nom conversion involves case-star deletion, absent from the New Passive (much as from so-called psych and fate (un)accusatives in standard Icelandic). Additionally, the New Passive has a strong vP phase edge, blocking A-movement, in contrast to the defective vP edge in the canonical passive. The paper argues that A-grounding or freezing is brought about by phi-minimality, A-islands thus arising in a parallel fashion with A'-islands. (Less) | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
interreg_788 | Central European Crowd-funding Support | Project starts from the main challenge of unused crowdfunding (CF) potential, especially in the eastern part of CE countries. The project's main objective is to improve skills and competences of all 4 relevant stakeholder groups to prepare them for taking advantage of crowdfunding phenomena. Change will be visible in improved financial conditions for start-ups fostering innovation, employment and social stability in the region. Focus will be on economically weaker businessess with fewer opportunities, who do not have access to bank loans, but with use CF would be able to start business ideas. CF also minimizes business risk-taking and increases entrepreneurship mind-set.
Outputs and results of the project are closely connected with beneficiaries:
-Crowdfunding platform operators: increased institutional competences with providing minimum platform standards, minimizing cross-border barriers for CF, raising professional competences with exchange of experiences;
-SMEs and start ups: increased competences for CF fundraising with trainings, guidelines, advising, pre-funding check and supporting CF campaigns;
-Citizens (CF investors): increased safety by better understanding of benefits and risks;
-Policy makers: increased decision making competences: regional action plans for CF support, proposals for legislation improvements, contribution from CE to EU level.
Project is innovative in its approach of balanced raising CF capacities of all 4 relevant stakeholder groups by knowledge sharing and learning from the most advanced. Based on raised capacities the innovation system will have better foundation for development.
Crowdfunding is global phenomena, therefore it cannot be properly addressed on national level. Other reason for transnational approach is opportunity for knowledge transfer along east-west divide. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.msea.2020.139182 | Transformation-enhanced strength and ductility in a FeCoCrNiMn dual phase high-entropy alloy | High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are considered as promising structural materials. Usually, HEAs with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure exhibit excellent ductility but low strength, while HEAs with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure indicate relatively high fracture strength and low ductility. In this paper, a new transformable FeCoCrNiMn HEA with dual FCC and BCC phases is prepared. Under tensile loading, this HEA undergoes strong strain-hardening, exhibiting low yield strength, high ultimate tensile strength and large tensile elongation. This HEA can maintain stable plastic deformation in a wide strain region with a high constant normalized strain hardening rate, which is far different from the continuous decrease of that for the famous Cantor HEA. The strong strain-hardening capability and large tensile ductility of this HEA can be attributed to the strain-induced FCC-BCC transformation. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1242/dev.074591 | The role of Pax6 in regulating the orientation and mode of cell division of progenitors in the mouse cerebral cortex | Successful brain development requires tight regulation of sequential symmetric and asymmetric cell division. Although Pax6 is known to exert multiple roles in the developing nervous system, its role in the regulation of cell division is unknown. Here, we demonstrate profound alterations in the orientation and mode of cell division in the cerebral cortex of mice deficient in Pax6 function (Pax6Sey/Sey) or after acute induced deletion of Pax6. Live imaging revealed an increase in non-vertical cellular cleavage planes, resulting in an increased number of progenitors with unequal inheritance of the apical membrane domain and adherens junctions in the absence of Pax6 function. This phenotype appears to be mediated by the direct Pax6 target Spag5, a microtubule-associated protein, reduced levels of which result in the replication of the Pax6 phenotype of altered cell division orientation. In addition, lack of Pax6 also results in premature delamination of progenitor cells from the apical surface due to an overall decrease in proteins mediating anchoring at the ventricular surface. Moreover, continuous long-term imaging in vitro revealed that Pax6-deficient progenitors generate daughter cells with asymmetric fates at higher frequencies. These data demonstrate a cell-autonomous role for Pax6 in regulating the mode of cell division independently of apicobasal polarity and cell-cell interactions. Taken together, our work reveals several direct effects that the transcription factor Pax6 has on the machinery that mediates the orientation and mode of cell division. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms6392 | Mind-controlled transgene expression by a wireless-powered optogenetic designer cell implant | Synthetic devices for traceless remote control of gene expression may provide new treatment opportunities in future gene- and cell-based therapies. Here we report the design of a synthetic mind-controlled gene switch that enables human brain activities and mental states to wirelessly programme the transgene expression in human cells. An electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) processing mental state-specific brain waves programs an inductively linked wireless-powered optogenetic implant containing designer cells engineered for near-infrared (NIR) light-adjustable expression of the human glycoprotein SEAP (secreted alkaline phosphatase). The synthetic optogenetic signalling pathway interfacing the BCI with target gene expression consists of an engineered NIR light-activated bacterial diguanylate cyclase (DGCL) producing the orthogonal second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), which triggers the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent induction of synthetic interferon-β promoters. Humans generating different mental states (biofeedback control, concentration, meditation) can differentially control SEAP production of the designer cells in culture and of subcutaneous wireless-powered optogenetic implants in mice. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2025218773 | Near field emission scanning electron microscopy | The authors report on the development of a “near field emission scanning electron microscope.” In this instrument electrons are excited from the sample surface after undergoing interactions with a primary beam of electrons field emitted from a polycrystalline tungsten tip. The tip, with an emission radius of 2nm, is scanned at less than 80nm distance to the surface. Topographic images, determined from the intensity variations of secondary and backscattered electrons, yield a vertical resolution on an atomic scale and a lateral resolution of a couple nanometers. The topographic contrast of the extracted electrons and the field emission current are indistinguishable, in agreement with theoretical models of optimal spatial resolution. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0067-0049/210/2/20 | Masses Radii And Orbits Of Small Kepler Planets The Transition From Gaseous To Rocky Planets | We report on the masses, sizes, and orbits of the planets orbiting 22 Kepler stars. There are 49 planet candidates around these stars, including 42 detected through transits and 7 revealed by precise Doppler measurements of the host stars. Based on an analysis of the Kepler brightness measurements, along with high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and (for 11 stars) asteroseismology, we establish low false-positive probabilities (FPPs) for all of the transiting planets (41 of 42 have an FPP under 1%), and we constrain their sizes and masses. Most of the transiting planets are smaller than three times the size of Earth. For 16 planets, the Doppler signal was securely detected, providing a direct measurement of the planet's mass. For the other 26 planets we provide either marginal mass measurements or upper limits to their masses and densities; in many cases we can rule out a rocky composition. We identify six planets with densities above 5 g cm(-3), suggesting a mostly rocky interior for them. Indeed, the only planets that are compatible with a purely rocky composition are smaller than similar to 2 R-circle plus. Larger planets evidently contain a larger fraction of low-density material (H, He, and H2O). | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1063/1.4872005 | Time Dependent Restricted Active Space Self Consistent Field Singles Method For Many Electron Dynamics | The time-dependent restricted-active-space self-consistent-field singles (TD-RASSCF-S) method is presented for investigating TD many-electron dynamics in atoms and molecules. Adopting the SCF notion from the muticonfigurational TD Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) method and the RAS scheme (single-orbital excitation concept) from the TD configuration-interaction singles (TDCIS) method, the TD-RASSCF-S method can be regarded as a hybrid of them. We prove that, for closed-shell $N_{\rm e}$-electron systems, the TD-RASSCF-S wave function can be fully converged using only $N_{\rm e}/2+1\le M\le N_{\rm e}$ spatial orbitals. Importantly, based on the TD variational principle, the converged TD-RASSCF-S wave function with $M= N_{\rm e}$ is more accurate than the TDCIS wave function. The accuracy of the TD-RASSCF-S approach over the TDCIS is illustrated by the calculation of high-order harmonic generation spectra for one-dimensional models of atomic helium, beryllium, and carbon in an intense laser pulse. The electronic dynamics during the process is investigated by analyzing the behavior of electron density and orbitals. The TD-RASSCF-S method is accurate, numerically tractable, and applicable for large systems beyond the capability of the MCTDHF method. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W1864519617 | Body composition analysis of inter-county Gaelic athletic association players measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry | Gaelic Football and Hurling are two sporting codes within the Gaelic Athletic Association. The purpose of this study was to report the body composition phenotype of inter-county Gaelic athletic association players, comparing groups by code and field position. 190 senior, male, outfield inter-county players (144 hurlers and 46 Gaelic footballers) were recruited. Stature and body mass was measured, estimates of three components of body composition, i.e., lean mass, fat mass and bone mineral content was obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and normative data for Gaelic athletic association athletes by code and position was compared. Other than in the midfield, there was limited difference in body composition between codes or playing position. Stature-corrected indices nullified any existing group differences between midfielders for both codes. Further comparisons with a non-athletic control group (n = 431) showed no difference for body mass index (BMI); however, the athletic group has a lower fat mass index, with a greater lean mass in accounting for the matched BMI between groups. In addition to providing previously unknown normative data for the Gaelic athletic association athlete, a proportional and independent tissue evaluation of body composition is given. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
interreg_1239 | European Regions, Migration and Integration | The EUMINT project aims at strengthening cross-border cooperation between institutions in the Provinces of Blzano and Trento, in the Länder of Tirol and Carinthia, and in the Regions of Friuli Venezia-Giulia and Veneto, in order to tackle social, economic, political and cultural challenges arisen from migration phenomena. Border regions require indeed common and coherent measures in the field of integration policies. The project will involve municipal, provincial/regional and euro-regional institutions in three different spheres: - Institutional integration: the project will promote a direct exchange of experiences between project partners through field visits, a “laboratory of ideas” and a series of recommendations for multilevel institutions operating in the field of integration; - Civic integration: in view of transferring its results to different institutions and territories, the project will train new professional figures in the field of welfare and social care through the development of innovative didactic material with the aim of sensitizing asylum-seekers and refugees to common European values; - Labour integration: thanks to a participative process, the project will lay the foundations for the development of specific short- and medium-term measures and instruments, as well as long-term strategies and policies, for the integration of asylum-seekers and refugees in the labour market. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
2714215 | Unravelling the heterogeneity and functions of hepatic myeloid cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from accumulation of excessive fat in the liver. It encompasses simple steatosis (fatty liver) progressing through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in western countries and is predicted to be the main cause of liver transplantation by 2030. As such NAFLD represents a significant clinical burden for which to date, there is no effective treatment. Multiple ‘hits’ are thought to contribute to the progression from steatosis to NASH. One of these ‘hits’ is activation of the immune system and the ensuing inflammatory response. Hepatic myeloid cells, including mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) are thought to play an essential role in this, sensing excess lipids and other danger signals and initiating immune responses. However, MNPs represent a highly heterogeneous population, including multiple subtypes of dendritic cells and macrophages. To date these have been studied as a group rather than as individual cell types, leading to them being ascribed multiple and often contradictory roles depending on the experimental set up. Thus their specific contributions to NAFLD still remain unclear. I hypothesize that by dissecting the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of hepatic MNPs, we will be able to unravel their roles in NAFLD and in the progression to NASH. Single cell technologies such as single cell RNA sequencing have revolutionised our ability to understand cellular heterogeneity. In addition, they have facilitated the development of novel genetic tools to study functions of specific cell types in vivo. I aim to use this technology and more specific in vivo tools to understand MNP phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in NAFLD in mice and men. This is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cells in what is becoming one of the biggest health challenges in the western world. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4226207257 | Mulheres na academia: Um estudo sobre o fenômeno queen bee | Resumo Objetivo: Em contextos organizacionais masculinos e extremamente competitivos, mulheres que ascendem na carreira apresentam comportamentos que embarreiram, mais que ajudam, outras mulheres a se desenvolver profissionalmente. Esse fenômeno é denominado abelha-rainha. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar se o fenômeno queen bee está presente nas instituições de ensino superior (IES) do Brasil. Originalidade/valor: Ainda que o fenômeno abelha-rainha como metáfora de desigualdade de gênero não seja tema recente na literatura científica, sua análise em IES brasileiras revela o caráter original do estudo. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Trata de estudo quantitativo com amostra de 495 mulheres que atuam na academia. As análises estatísticas e verificações das hipóteses foram realizadas a partir do teste MANOVA. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que o domínio do conhecimento impacta mais o fenômeno queen bee que as variáveis do contexto organizacional. Além disso, mulheres em cargos de liderança são mais engajadas no trabalho, apresentam mais traços masculinos, identificam-se mais com mulheres do topo da hierarquia, negam mais a discriminação de gênero e aderem mais ao discurso meritocrático que aquelas que não estão em cargos de chefia, confirmando que mulheres que ocupam cargos de liderança em IES brasileiras aderem a traços de queen bee. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
3729708 | For a sustainable and european value chain of pha-based materials for high-volume consumer products | Plastic is one of the preferred materials for manufacturing high volume consumer products and more particularly packaging thanks to its physical, mechanical, thermal or barrier properties. However, existing global plastic industry is mainly a petrochemical-based industry, bringing bad environmental footprint.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a group of biopolymers that are now widely recognized as attractive substitutes to fossil fuel derived plastics in a wide range of applications. Unfortunately, no sustainable value chain exists in Europe, and production schemes developed elsewhere in the world appear highly questionable from an environmental and ethical standpoint.
The NENU2PHAR project aims at bridging this crucial gap in the EU industry, within an inclusive approach that will address the whole PHA-based plastic value chain, targeting high volume consumer products. The NENU2PHAR project gathers 17 partners (5 large industrials, 6 SMEs, 5 RTOs and 1 cluster), leaders in the different fields of research, from biomass development to formulation of biopolymer up to plastic processes.
First, bio-source will be tackled by developing and optimised production of PHA biopolymer thanks to the optimisation of carbon feedstock from micro-algae biomass and selection of bacteria strains. Then, innovative polymer processing options will generate different structures with various bulk-surface properties, and various end of life properties. Market uptake of this new PHA will be supported by a competitive cost (5€/kg for PHA compounds), high purity product and processes optimised for PHA bioplastic to tackle functional properties of high volume consumer product better than fossil-based counterparts.
8 PHA-based products will be developed and benchmarked to their fossil-based counterparts. Full validation of the end of life scenarios and environmental footprint will be studied based on biodegradability, compostability or recyclability of the bioplastics formulated. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
CH 9900450 W | ANTIFALSIFICATION PAPER AND OTHER ANTIFALSIFICATION ITEMS | The invention relates to antifalsification paper and in general to antifalsification items which comprise at least one antifalsification element. Said element contains at least one photoluminescent segment which is characterized by linearly polarized photoluminescence and/or linearly polarized absorption. The invention relates also to a method for producing such antifalsification articles as well as to their use. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
170902 | Certified packs for easier next-generation sequencing clinical diagnostics | Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomic research by drastically decreasing the cost of sequencing and increasing the throughput of generated data, but still has not been able to reach its implementation in clinical diagnostic laboratories where there is a huge potential market application for it. The current market gold-standard in clinical diagnostic (i.e. Sanger-based sequencing) is outdated, much less efficient and more expensive than NGS, but no current market solutions have yet been able to properly address the complexity involved in transferring and validating gold-standard procedures to NGS platforms in clinical environment. In fact, current competing solutions are disruptive, complex, non-efficient and non-validated to address the challenges of transferring NGS to clinics. The easierNGS business concept aims to create and offer an innovative package of services and products which combined will allow a fast, cost-effective, streamlined and certified full sample-to-result solution to clinical laboratories that wish to seize the tremendous benefits of the new NGS era. Towards this objective, a feasibility assessment of the easierNGS business concept will be conducted to better determine its technical, economic and legal viability, as well as plan its most appropriate operational and scheduling strategy. Three case studies (i.e. NGS panels for pharmacogenomics, neonatal screening and infertility risk factors) will be used to generate a proof-of-concept of the easierNGS and help define the technical aspects and guidelines for future easierNGS packages and support a conscientious “Go/No go” decision towards a real market assessment. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W2182602951 | EDTA assisted phytoremediation of cadmium, lead and zinc. | Soils are extensively contaminated with different types of heavy metals worldwide and causing a severe disturbance to living biota of world. It is the need of time to remediate the soils from these contaminants; the most reputed cheap and economically feasible method is phytoremediation and phytoextraction of these contaminants. Different types of plants are used to remediate these contaminates from soils that are mostly known as hyperaccumulator. In most soils different types of metals are less bioavailable for plant uptake such as Pb, while Cd and Zn are readily bioavailable for plants in some soils. There is a need to make this process more time efficient and beneficial, the addition of chelating agent is required that can speed up this process. Chemical Chelator like EDTA has the capability to boost up the uptake by dissolving components of metals and has proven to enhance the metal accumulation. Addition of EDTA results in increase in plant growth parameters, dry matter stress tolerance index and accumulation of different metals such as Cd, Zn and Pb. Chemically enhanced phytoremediation has been recognized as one of the most beneficial, effective and economically viable method of bioremediation. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/C2017-0-02406-0 | Char And Carbon Materials Derived From Biomass | Char and Carbon Materials Derived from Biomass: Production, Characterization and Applications provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc. ), along with the characterization techniques typically used (Scanning Electronic Microscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence, Nitrogen adsorption, etc. ) In addition, the book includes a discussion of the various properties of biomass chars and their suitable recovery processes, concluding with a demonstration of applications. As biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis and gasification, this book is ideal for professionals in energy production and storage fields, as well as professionals in waste treatment, gas treatment, and more. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W4310885727 | O papel de fatores naturais e antrópicos na variabilidade da perda de solos no estado de Goiás entre 1985 e 2018 | A perda de solos depende de fatores naturais e antrópicos com elevada variabilidade espacial e temporal que podem ser inferidos por modelos de predição como a Equação Universal de Perda de Solos Revisada (EUPS-M). Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a distribuição e a variação espaço-temporais das perdas de solo no estado de Goiás para os anos de 1985, 2000 e 2018, a partir da aplicação da EUPS-M, tendo a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de análise multiescalar. Os resultados demonstram que, em geral, há o aumento na perda média de solos no estado entre os anos observados, sendo que, em 1985 a média foi 2,4 ton.ha-1.ano-1, crescendo para 10,8 ton.ha-1.ano-1 no ano de 2000 e 11,56 ton.ha-1.ano-1 em 2018. As regiões hidrográficas do Tocantins e do Paraná são as que apresentam maiores perdas. Para além do controle geral da expansão da conversão dos Cerrados, o estado de Goiás apresenta dois padrões espaciais de perda de solos, um no qual predomina o controle dos fatores naturais, ligados aos aspectos morfogenéticos com forte influência do fator topográfico e o outro da erosividade das chuvas, espacializadas em áreas como o “front” da cuesta Caiapó, a Serra Dourada e a Serra dos Pireneus. Esses dois fatores, quando associados definem áreas sensíveis, com as maiores perdas de solo do estado de Goiás. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/202037546 | On The Impact Of Tides On The Transit Timing Fits To The Trappist 1 System | Transit Timing Variations, or TTVs, can be a very efficient way of constraining masses and eccentricities of multi-planet systems. Recent measurements of the TTVs of TRAPPIST-1 led to an estimate of the masses of the planets, enabling an estimate of their densities. A recent TTV analysis using data obtained in the past two years yields a 34% and 13% increase in mass for TRAPPIST-1b and c, respectively. In most studies to date, a Newtonian N-body model is used to fit the masses of the planets, while sometimes general relativity is accounted for. Using the Posidonius N-body code, we show that in the case of the TRAPPIST-1 system, non-Newtonian effects might be also relevant to correctly model the dynamics of the system and the resulting TTVs. In particular, using standard values of the tidal Love number $k_2$ (accounting for the tidal deformation) and the fluid Love number $k_{2f}$ (accounting for the rotational flattening) leads to differences in the TTVs of TRAPPIST-1b and c similar to the differences caused by general relativity. We also show that relaxing the values of tidal Love number $k_2$ and the fluid Love number $k_{2f}$ can lead to TTVs which differ by as much as a few 10~s on a $3-4$-year timescale, which is a potentially observable level. The high values of the Love numbers needed to reach observable levels for the TTVs could be achieved for planets with a liquid ocean, which, if detected, might then be interpreted as a sign that TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c could have a liquid magma ocean. For TRAPPIST-1 and similar systems, the models to fit the TTVs should potentially account for general relativity, for the tidal deformation of the planets, for the rotational deformation of the planets and, to a lesser extent, for the rotational deformation of the star, which would add up to 7x2+1 = 15 additional free parameters in the case of TRAPPIST-1. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1500526267 | The effects of human resource management practices on employees’ organisational commitment | Purpose – This study aims to examine the effects of human resource management (HRM) practices on organisational commitment (OC) in the Middle Eastern context. Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected from 493 front-line employees across a variety of industries in Jordan. A structural equation modelling analysis was performed to delineate the relationship between HRM practices and OC. Findings – A test of the model was conducted using a path analytic approach hypothesising that HRM factors influence OC. The findings indicate that the causal model is consistent with the data and contributes to a fuller understanding of the association between HRM practices and OC. Originality/value – This is the first study that represents a little-researched area of recent times and even less so in Middle Eastern countries. The findings of the study offer new perspectives on how HRM practices have direct and indirect effects on employees’ OC and would assist in reshaping the HR policies in organisations located in the Middle Eastern regions. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-3706 | Endothelial ALK1 is a therapeutic target to block metastatic dissemination of breast cancer | Exploration of new strategies for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis is justifiably at the center of clinical attention. In this study, we combined a computational biology approach with mechanism-based preclinical trials to identify inhibitors of activinlike receptor kinase (ALK) 1 as effective agents for blocking angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer. Pharmacologic targeting of ALK1 provided long-term therapeutic benefit in mouse models of mammary carcinoma, accompanied by strikingly reduced metastatic colonization as a monotherapy or part of combinations with chemotherapy. Gene-expression analysis of breast cancer specimens from a population-based nested case-control study encompassing 768 subjects defined endothelial expression of ALK1 as an independent and highly specific prognostic factor for metastatic manifestation, a finding that was corroborated in an independent clinical cohort. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of endothelial ALK1 constitutes a tractable strategy for interfering with metastatic dissemination of breast cancer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2017)055 | Diffusivities Bounds And Chaos In Holographic Horndeski Theories | We study the thermoelectric DC conductivities of Horndeski holographic models with momentum dissipation. We compute the butterfly velocity v
B and we discuss the existence of universal bounds on charge and energy diffusivities in the incoherent limit related to quantum chaos. We find that the Horndeski coupling represents a subleading contribution to the thermoelectric conductivities in the incoherent limit and therefore it does not affect any of the proposed bounds. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1117/12.2299831 | Engineering Iii V Nanowires For Optoelectronics From Epitaxy To Terahertz Photonics | Nanowires show unique promise as nanoscale building blocks for a multitude of optoelectronic devices, ranging from solar cells to terahertz photonic devices. We will discuss the epitaxial growth of these nanowires in novel geometries and crystallographic phases, and the use of terahertz conductivity spectroscopy to guide the development of nanowire-based devices. As an example, we will focus on the development of nanowire-based polarization modulators for terahertz communications systems. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.019 | Single crystal elasticity of majoritic garnets: Stagnant slabs and thermal anomalies at the base of the transition zone | The elastic properties of two single crystals of majoritic garnet (Mg3. 24Al1. 53Si3. 23O12 and Mg3. 01Fe0. 17Al1. 68Si3. 15O12), have been measured using simultaneously single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Brillouin spectroscopy in an externally heated diamond anvil cell with Ne as pressure transmitting medium at conditions up to ∼30 GPa and ∼600 K. This combination of techniques makes it possible to use the bulk modulus and unit-cell volume at each condition to calculate the absolute pressure, independently of secondary pressure calibrants. Substitution of the majorite component into pyrope garnet lowers both the bulk (Ks) and shear modulus (G). The substitution of Fe was found to cause a small but resolvable increase in Ks that was accompanied by a decrease in ∂Ks/∂P, the first pressure derivative of the bulk modulus. Fe substitution had no influence on either the shear modulus or its pressure derivative. The obtained elasticity data were used to derive a thermo-elastic model to describe Vs and Vp of complex garnet solid solutions. Using further elasticity data from the literature and thermodynamic models for mantle phase relations, velocities for mafic, harzburgitic and lherzolitic bulk compositions at the base of Earth's transition zone were calculated. The results show that Vs predicted by seismic reference models are faster than those calculated for all three types of lithologies along a typical mantle adiabat within the bottom 150 km of the transition zone. The anomalously fast seismic shear velocities might be explained if laterally extensive sections of subducted harzburgite-rich slabs pile up at the base of the transition zone and lower average mantle temperatures within this depth range. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
3739050 | Sobigdata++: european integrated infrastructure for social mining and big data analytics | SoBigData++ strives to deliver a distributed, Pan-European, multi-disciplinary research infrastructure for big social data analytics, coupled with the consolidation of a cross-disciplinary European research community, aimed at using social mining and big data to understand the complexity of our contemporary, globally-interconnected society. SoBigData++ is set to advance on such ambitious tasks thanks to SoBigData, the predecessor project that started this construction in 2015. Becoming an advanced community, SoBigData++ will strengthen its tools and services to empower researchers and innovators through a platform for the design and execution of large-scale social mining experiments. It will be open to users with diverse background, accessible on project cloud (aligned with EOSC) and also exploiting supercomputing facilities. Pushing the FAIR principles further, SoBigData++ will render social mining experiments more easily designed, adjusted and repeatable by domain experts that are not data scientists. SoBigData++ will move forward from a starting community of pioneers to a wide and diverse scientific movement, capable of empowering the next generation of responsible social data scientists, engaged in the grand societal challenges laid out in its exploratories: Societal Debates and Online Misinformation, Sustainable Cities for Citizens, Demography, Economics & Finance 2.0, Migration Studies, Sport Data Science, Social Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Explainable Machine Learning. SoBigData++ will advance from the awareness of ethical and legal challenges to concrete tools that operationalise ethics with value-sensitive design, incorporating values and norms for privacy protection, fairness, transparency and pluralism. SoBigData++ will deliver an accelerator of data-driven innovation that facilitates the collaboration with industry to develop joint pilot projects, and will consolidate an RI ready for the ESFRI Roadmap and sustained by a SoBigData Association. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
169786 | Identification and analysis of novel mitochondrial proteins encoded by small open reading frames | Mitochondria are essential organelles with crucial roles in cellular energy metabolism, Fe-S cluster biogenesis, signaling and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes encephalomyopathy and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria possess a remarkably high content of small proteins compared to other cellular compartments. About one third of the cellular proteins ≤15 kDa characterized to date are located in mitochondria. Functional examples of such small proteins cover the whole mitochondrial biology like cristae morphology, Fe-S cluster formation, metabolite transport, protein biogenesis and respiration. However, the intracellular localization and function of most small proteins is unknown. These small proteins constitute one third of the uncharacterized open reading frames and even three quarters of the dubious open reading frames in the model organism budding yeast. Taken together we predict that more than 10% of the mitochondrial proteome deserves to be discovered. In an initial study we demonstrated the mitochondrial localization of several uncharacterized small open reading frame (smORF) proteins. MITOsmORFs aims to identify over 100 novel small mitochondrial proteins. MITOsmORFs will determine the submitochondrial localization and the functional role of the novel mitochondrial proteins by genetic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic analysis, including interaction mapping and characterization of mitochondrial activities in vivo and in organello to explore the unknown biology of smORF proteins localized to mitochondria. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201905064 | Regulation of ETAA1-mediated ATR activation couples DNA replication fidelity and genome stability | The ATR kinase is a master regulator of the cellular response to DNA replication stress. Activation of ATR relies on dual pathways involving the TopBP1 and ETAA1 proteins, both of which harbor ATR-activating domains (AADs). However, the exact contribution of the recently discovered ETAA1 pathway to ATR signaling in different contexts remains poorly understood. Here, using an unbiased CRISPR-Cas9–based genome-scale screen, we show that the ATR-stimulating function of ETAA1 becomes indispensable for cell fitness and chromosome stability when the fidelity of DNA replication is compromised. We demonstrate that the ATR-activating potential of ETAA1 is controlled by cell cycle– and replication stress–dependent phosphorylation of highly conserved residues within its AAD, and that the stimulatory impact of these modifications is required for the ability of ETAA1 to prevent mitotic chromosome abnormalities following replicative stress. Our findings suggest an important role of ETAA1 in protecting against genome instability arising from incompletely duplicated DNA via regulatory control of its ATR-stimulating potential. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.trc.2017.09.003 | Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram for pedestrian networks: Theory and applications | The Network or Macroscopic Fundamental diagram (MFD) has been a topic receiving a lot of attention in the past decade. Both from a theoretical angle and from a more application-oriented perspective, the MFD has proven to be a powerful concept in understanding and managing vehicular network dynamics. In particular, the application in traffic management has inspired the research presented in this contribution, where we explore the existence and the characteristics of the pedestrian Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (p-MFD). This is first of all done from a theoretical perspective, which results in the main contribution of this research showing how we can derive the p-MFD from assumed local fundamental diagrams (FDs). In doing so, we show that we can relate the average (out-)flow from a pedestrian network as a function of the average spatial density ρ¯ and the density spatial variation σ2. We show that the latter is essential to provide a reasonable description of the overall network conditions. For simple relations between density and speed (i. e. Greenshields and Underwood fundamental diagrams), we derive analytical results; for more commonly used FDs in pedestrian flow theory, such as the triangular FD of Newell or the FD of Weidmann, we show the resulting relation by proposing a straightforward simulation approach. As a secondary contribution of the paper, we show how the p-MFD can be constructed from pedestrian trajectory data stemming from either microsimulation or from experimental studies. We argue that the results found are in line with the theoretical results, providing further evidence for the validity of the p-MFD concept. We furthermore discuss concepts of hysteresis, also observed in vehicular network dynamics, due to the differences in the queue build up and recuperation phases. We finally present some applications of the presented concepts in crowd management, network level-of-service determination, and coarse-scale modelling. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
US 34655994 A | Vertical cavity surface emitting laser having continuous grading | A first stack of distributed Bragg mirrors having alternating layers of aluminum gallium arsenide differing in concentrations of an aluminum are disposed on a surface of a substrate with a first plurality of continuous gradient layers positioned between the alternating layers of differing aluminum concentrations to dynamically move the aluminum concentration from one of the alternating layer to another alternating layers. A first cladding region is disposed on the first stack of distributed Bragg mirrors. An active region is disposed on the first cladding region with a second cladding region being dispose on the active region. A second stack of distributed Bragg mirrors having alternating layers of aluminum gallium arsenide differing concentrations of aluminum are disposed on the second cladding region with a second plurality of continuous gradient layers being positioned between the alternating layers of differing aluminum concentrations to dynamically change the aluminum concentration from one of the altering layers to another alternating layers. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
267563 | Functional Biosupramolecular Systems: Photosystems and Sensors | The general objective of this proposal is to discover access to ordered, soft and smart matter for use in materials sciences (e.g. molecular optoelectronics, organic solar cells), biology, medicine and chemistry.
Specific aim 1 focuses on two complementary approaches (zipper assembly; self-organizing surface-initiated polymerization, SOSIP) to build artificial photosystems on solid surfaces, including supramolecular n/p-heterojunctions with oriented multicolor antiparallel redox gradients (“OMARG-SHJs”).
Specific aim 2 is to create sensing systems in lipid bilayers that operate by pattern recognition with polyion/counterion complexes, and to apply the lessons learned to several interconnected topics (diagnostics, fluorescent membrane/nitrate probes, cellular uptake, organocatalysis with anion-À interactions).
To address these challenges, crossfertilization at the interface of synthetic, supramolecular, biological and materials chemistry will be essential. To produce the broad horizons needed for crossfertilization, projects on different topics are run in parallel. The proposed approach builds in general on the distinguishing expertise of the (organic) chemist to create new matter, i.e., multistep organic synthesis. To identify significant, that is responsive or “smart” systems, the invention of functional feedback loops will be emphasized.
Success with aim 1 will provide general solutions to key problems (OMARG-SHJs, SOSIP) and thus lead to broad applications (including high-efficiency organic photovoltaics and dye-sensitized solar cells). Success with aim 2 will afford synthetic sensing systems that operate, closer than ever, like the membrane-based mammalian olfactory and gustatory systems and open new approaches to crossdisciplinary topics as specified above. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/09503110.2018.1435390 | Beards Braids And Moustachios Exploring The Social Meaning Of Hair In The Mediaeval Muslim World | The way the hair is worn, by whom it is cut and in what context, either voluntarily or under compulsion – as a ritual necessity, as punishment or in retribution – carries, needless to say, importan. . . | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1021/jacs.6b12176 | Asymmetric catalysis of the carbonyl-amine condensation: Kinetic resolution of primary amines | A Brønsted acid catalyzed kinetic resolution of primary amines is described that is based on the condensation between an amine and a carbonyl compound. 1,3-Diketones react with racemic α-branched amines to furnish the corresponding enantioenriched enaminone and recovered starting material. Good to excellent enantioselectivity was observed with both aromatic and aliphatic primary amines. This process represents the first small-molecule catalyzed kinetic resolution of aliphatic amines. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41418-019-0326-5 | Coordinated signals from the DNA repair enzymes PARP-1 and PARP-2 promotes B-cell development and function | Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2 regulate the function of various DNA-interacting proteins by transferring ADP-ribose emerging from catalytic cleavage of cellular β-NAD+. Hence, mice lacking PARP-1 or PARP-2 show DNA perturbations ranging from altered DNA integrity to impaired DNA repair. These effects stem from the central role that PARP-1 and PARP-2 have on the cellular response to DNA damage. Failure to mount a proper response culminates in cell death. Accordingly, PARP inhibitors are emerging as promising drugs in cancer therapy. However, the full impact of these inhibitors on immunity, including B-cell antibody production, remains elusive. Given that mice carrying dual PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency develop early embryonic lethality, we crossed PARP-1-deficient mice with mice carrying a B-cell-conditional PARP-2 gene deletion. We found that the resulting dually PARP-1 and PARP-2-deficient mice had perturbed bone-marrow B-cell development as well as profound peripheral depletion of transitional and follicular but not marginal zone B-cells. Of note, bone-marrow B-cell progenitors and peripheral mature B-cells were conserved in mice carrying either PARP-1 or PARP-2 deficiency. In dually PARP-1 and PARP-2-deficient mice, B-cell lymphopenia was associated with increased DNA damage and accentuated death in actively proliferating B-cells. Moreover, dual PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency impaired antibody responses to T-independent carbohydrate but not to T-dependent protein antigens. Notwithstanding the pivotal role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in DNA repair, combined PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency did not perturb the DNA-editing processes required for the generation of a protective antibody repertoire, including Ig V(D)J gene recombination and IgM-to-IgG class switching. These findings provide key information as to the potential impact of PARP inhibitors on humoral immunity, which will facilitate the development of safer PARP-targeting regimens against cancer. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1089/thy.2019.0557 | The Thyroid Hormone Inactivator Enzyme, Type 3 Deiodinase, Is Essential for Coordination of Keratinocyte Growth and Differentiation | Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are key regulators of development, tissue differentiation, and maintenance of metabolic balance in virtually every cell of the body. Accordingly, severe alteration of TH action during fetal life leads to permanent deficits in humans. The skin is among the few adult tissues expressing the oncofetal protein type 3 deiodinase (D3), the TH inactivating enzyme. Here, we demonstrate that D3 is dynamically regulated during epidermal ontogenesis. Methods: To investigate the function of D3 in a postdevelopmental context, we used a mouse model of conditional epidermal-specific D3 depletion. Loss of D3 resulted in tissue hypoplasia and enhanced epidermal differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner. Results: Accordingly, wound healing repair and hair follicle cycle were altered in the D3-depleted epidermis. Further, in vitro ablation of D3 in primary culture of keratinocytes indicated that various markers of stratified epithelial layers were upregulated, thereby confirming the pro-differentiative action of D3 depletion and the consequent increased intracellular triiodothyronine levels. Notably, loss of D3 reduced the clearance of systemic TH in vivo, thereby demonstrating the critical requirement for epidermal D3 in the maintenance of TH homeostasis. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that the D3 enzyme is a key TH-signaling component in the skin, thereby providing a striking example of a physiological context for deiodinase-mediated TH metabolism, as well as a rationale for therapeutic manipulation of deiodinases in pathophysiological contexts. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1080/03066150.2018.1463217 | Conjugated oppression within contemporary capitalism: class, caste, tribe and agrarian change in India | Neoliberal globalisation has resulted in the bypassing of agrarian transition-led industrialisation and classic proletarianisation, and class-for-itself class struggles are rare. Drawing on analyses of class relations, racism and other forms of social oppression, this contribution explores how processes of ‘conjugated oppression’ are central to the spread of contemporary capitalism. The focus is on India and on how the co-constitution of class relations and social oppression based on caste, tribe, gender and region is entrenching Dalits and Adivasis at the bottom of social and economic hierarchies. The analysis has deep-seated consequences for how we think about political struggles, in this case ones that foreground caste and tribe and focus on both labour and land. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2016/04/037 | Global Analysis Of The Pmssm In Light Of The Fermi Gev Excess Prospects For The Lhc Run Ii And Astroparticle Experiments | We present a new global fit of the 19-dimensional phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (pMSSM-19) that complies with all the latest experimental results from dark matter indirect, direct and accelerator dark matter searches. We show that the model provides a satisfactory explanation of the excess of gamma rays from the Galactic centre observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope, assuming that it is produced by the annihilation of neutralinos in the Milky Way halo. We identify two regions that pass all the constraints: the first corresponds to neutralinos with a mass 0~ 80−10 GeV annihilating into WW with a branching ratio of 95%, the second to heavier neutralinos, with mass 0~ 180−20 GeV annihilating into bar tt with a branching ratio of 87%. We show that neutralinos compatible with the Galactic centre GeV excess will soon be within the reach of LHC run-II—notably through searches for charginos and neutralinos, squarks and light smuons—and of Xenon1T, thanks to its unprecedented sensitivity to spin-dependent cross-section off neutrons. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
223938 | Driving next generation autophagy researchers towards translation | The manipulation of autophagy has an enormous therapeutic potential to revolutionize the way we currently treat cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory and infectious diseases. Despite the great promises made by pioneering medical studies, the still limited applied research on autophagy has hampered the translation of fundamental knowledge into clinical-grade products and improved healthcare. Applied autophagy research is essential to understand the roles of autophagy in the different physiological and pathological situations, to generate (disease) models and develop biomarkers and assays to assess its progress.
The goal of the ETN Driving next generation autophagy researchers towards translation (DRIVE) is to train young scientists to fill this gap. DRIVE will equip its ESRs with an unique combination of knowledge and experimental expertise that are brought together in this consortium by the different partners. The realization of their projects in applied autophagy research will benefit of an exceptional interdisciplinary platform integrating cell biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, chemistry and “omics” approaches. In addition, DRIVE ESRs will acquire competencies to exploit the results for the development of products and techniques of commercial value. These ESRs will also be trained in disseminating results and knowledge through modern channels of communication. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2984745111 | Co-opted directors, gender diversity, and crash risk: evidence from China | This study examines how the composition of the board of directors at Chinese firms affects crash risk. The results indicate that co-opted directors (i.e., directors appointed after the CEO assumed office) have a positive and significant effect on crash risk; the positive relation between board directors and crash risk is primarily driven by co-opted male directors, implying a gender difference on crash risk. Non-co-opted independent directors mitigate crash risk, but the negative relation between gender and crash risk is much stronger for female directors than for male directors. The results indicate that co-option/non-co-opted independence along with gender diversity on the board plays an important role in shaping crash risk behaviors. The director-crash risk linkage disappears at state-owned enterprises, suggesting that ownership structure affects board behaviors and board members play the role of rubber-stamp. Finally, the relation between gender and crash risk is more pronounced at crash-risk prone firms with high earnings management and high financial leverage. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1111/boc.201800075 | Dying under pressure: cellular characterisation and in vivo functions of cell death induced by compaction | Cells and tissues are exposed to multiple mechanical stresses during development, tissue homoeostasis and diseases. While we start to have an extensive understanding of the influence of mechanics on cell differentiation and proliferation, how excessive mechanical stresses can also lead to cell death and may be associated with pathologies has been much less explored so far. Recently, the development of new perturbative approaches allowing modulation of pressure and deformation of tissues has demonstrated that compaction (the reduction of tissue size or volume) can lead to cell elimination. Here, we discuss the relevant type of stress and the parameters that could be causal to cell death from single cell to multicellular systems. We then compare the pathways and mechanisms that have been proposed to influence cell survival upon compaction. We eventually describe the relevance of compaction-induced death in vivo, and its functions in morphogenesis, tissue size regulation, tissue homoeostasis and cancer progression. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
240317 | Network Coding for Wireless Networks | Our goal is to develop fundamentally new architectures for wireless networks that offer the convenience of wireless communication while achieving the performance, predictability and security of wired networks. The wireless channel is inherently a shared medium characterized by limited resources and complex signal interactions between transmitted signals. The question we address is how do we transmit information over wireless and how do we exploit the wireless channel properties to share its resources. Ours is a fundamentally different approach to existing strategies, that builds on new physical and packet layer sharing and cooperation paradigms that we have been working on, to extract the optimal throughput and reliability performance from the wireless medium. These are recent breakthroughs in (i) network coding and (ii) wireless cooperation. Network coding is a new area bringing a novel paradigm for network information flow that enables cooperation at a packet level to optimally share the network resources. Deployment of the first network coding ideas in wireless have already indicated benefits as large as a factor of ten in terms of throughput. Complex signal interactions caused by the inherent broadcast nature of wireless channels, is traditionally viewed as an impediment to be mitigated. Recently it has been demonstrated that one can utilize interference to develop cooperation at the wireless signal level (physical layer) for arbitrary wireless networks. This can give significant capacity advantages over techniques that mitigate interference. Both these ideas can radically affect the way information is communicated, stored and collected, and can revolutionize the design of future wireless networks. In this project we plan to addess several fundamental questions that develop on these themes. We take a complete view of these ideas by not only developing the underlying theory but also through validation on wireless testbeds. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
833691 | Women’s labour activism in Eastern Europe and transnationally, from the age of empires to the late 20th century | ZARAH explores the history of women’s labour activism and organizing to improve labour conditions and life circumstances of lower and working class women and their communities—moving these women from the margins of labour, gender, and European history to the centre of historical study.
ZARAH’s research rationale is rooted in the interest in the interaction of gender, class, and other dimensions of difference (e.g. ethnicity and religion) as forces that shaped women’s activism. It addresses the gender bias in labour history, the class bias in gender history, and the regional bias in European history. ZARAH conceives of women’s labour activism as emerging from the confluence of local, nation-wide, border-crossing and international initiatives, interactions and networking. It studies this activism in the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, the post-imperial nation states, and during the Cold War and the years thereafter. Employing a long-term and trans-regional perspective, ZARAH highlights how a history of numerous social upheavals, and changing borders and political systems shaped the agency of the women studied, and examines their contribution to the struggle for socio-economic inclusion and the making of gender-, labour-, and social policies.
ZARAH comprises, in addition to the PI, an international group of nine post-doctoral and doctoral researchers at CEU, distinguished by their excellent command of the history and languages of the region. Research rationale, research questions, and methodological framework were developed through an intensive exploratory research phase (2016–2017). ZARAH is a pioneering project that consists of a web of component and collaborative studies, which include all relevant groups of activists and activisms, span the whole region, and cover the period between the 1880s and the 1990s. It will generate key research resources that are available to all students and scholars, and will set the stage for research for a long time to come. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2119822876 | Cephalopod genomics: A plan of strategies and organization | The Cephalopod Sequencing Consortium (CephSeq Consortium) was established at a NESCent Catalysis Group Meeting, "Paths to Cephalopod Genomics- Strategies, Choices, Organization," held in Durham, North Carolina, USA on May 24-27, 2012. Twenty-eight participants representing nine countries (Austria, Australia, China, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the USA) met to address the pressing need for genome sequencing of cephalopod mollusks. This group, drawn from cephalopod biologists, neuroscientists, developmental and evolutionary biologists, materials scientists, bioinformaticians and researchers active in sequencing, assembling and annotating genomes, agreed on a set of cephalopod species of particular importance for initial sequencing and developed strategies and an organization (CephSeq Consortium) to promote this sequencing. The conclusions and recommendations of this meeting are described in this white paper. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1145/2629686 | Temporal Specifications with Accumulative Values | Recently, there has been an effort to add quantitative objectives to formal verification and synthesis. We introduce and investigate the extension of temporal logics with quantitative atomic assertions. At the heart of quantitative objectives lies the accumulation of values along a computation. It is often the accumulated sum, as with energy objectives, or the accumulated average, as with mean-payoff objectives. We investigate the extension of temporal logics with the
prefix-accumulation assertions
Sum(
v
) ≥
c
and Avg(
v
) ≥
c
, where
v
is a numeric (or Boolean) variable of the system,
c
is a constant rational number, and Sum(
v
) and Avg(
v
) denote the accumulated sum and average of the values of
v
from the beginning of the computation up to the current point in time. We also allow the
path-accumulation assertions
LimInfAvg(
v
)≥
c
and LimSupAvg(
v
)≥
c
, referring to the average value along an entire infinite computation. We study the border of decidability for such quantitative extensions of various temporal logics. In particular, we show that extending the fragment of CTL that has only the EX, EF, AX, and AG temporal modalities with both prefix-accumulation assertions, or extending LTL with both path-accumulation assertions, results in temporal logics whose model-checking problem is decidable. Moreover, the prefix-accumulation assertions may be generalized with “controlled accumulation,” allowing, for example, to specify constraints on the average waiting time between a request and a grant. On the negative side, we show that this branching-time logic is, in a sense, the maximal logic with one or both of the prefix-accumulation assertions that permits a decidable model-checking procedure. Extending a temporal logic that has the EG or EU modalities, such as CTL or LTL, makes the problem undecidable. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/nature09634 | Gene expression divergence recapitulates the developmental hourglass model | The observation that animal morphology tends to be conserved during the embryonic phylotypic period (a period of maximal similarity between the species within each animal phylum) led to the proposition that embryogenesis diverges more extensively early and late than in the middle, known as the hourglass model. This pattern of conservation is thought to reflect a major constraint on the evolution of animal body plans. Despite a wealth of morphological data confirming that there is often remarkable divergence in the early and late embryos of species from the same phylum, it is not yet known to what extent gene expression evolution, which has a central role in the elaboration of different animal forms, underpins the morphological hourglass pattern. Here we address this question using species-specific microarrays designed from six sequenced Drosophila species separated by up to 40 million years. We quantify divergence at different times during embryogenesis, and show that expression is maximally conserved during the arthropod phylotypic period. By fitting different evolutionary models to each gene, we show that at each time point more than 80% of genes fit best to models incorporating stabilizing selection, and that for genes whose evolutionarily optimal expression level is the same across all species, selective constraint is maximized during the phylotypic period. The genes that conform most to the hourglass pattern are involved in key developmental processes. These results indicate that natural selection acts to conserve patterns of gene expression during mid-embryogenesis, and provide a genome-wide insight into the molecular basis of the hourglass pattern of developmental evolution. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0008 | Tensile forces applied on a cell-embedded three-dimensional scaffold can direct early differentiation of embryonic stem cells toward the mesoderm germ layer | Mechanical forces play an important role in the initial stages of embryo development; yet, the influence of forces, particularly of tensile forces, on embryonic stem cell differentiation is still unknown. The effects of tensile forces on mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation within a three-dimensional (3D) environment were examined using an advanced bioreactor system. Uniaxial static or dynamic stretch was applied on cell-embedded collagen constructs. Six-day-long cyclic stretching of the seeded constructs led to a fourfold increase in Brachyury (BRACH-T) expression, associated with the primitive streak phase in gastrulation, confirmed also by immunofluorescence staining. Further examination of gene expression characteristic of mESC differentiation and pluripotency, under the same conditions, revealed changes mostly related to mesodermal processes. Additionally, downregulation of genes related to pluripotency and stemness was observed. Cyclic stretching of the 3D constructs resulted in actin fiber alignment parallel to the stretching direction. BRACH-T expression decreased under cyclic stretching with addition of myosin II inhibitor. No significant changes in gene expression were observed when mESCs were first differentiated in the form of embryoid bodies and then exposed to cyclic stretching, suggesting that forces primarily influence nondifferentiated cells. Understanding the effects of forces on stem cell differentiation provides a means of controlling their differentiation for later use in regenerative medicine applications and sheds light on their involvement in embryogenesis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
755053 | The Ocean's Oxygen Isotopes Deciphered: Combining Observations, Experiments and Models | The isotopic composition of O in seawater is a fundamental property of Earth's oceans, key to paleoclimate reconstructions and to our understanding of the origin of water on Earth, the water-rock reactions that govern seawater chemistry, and the conditions under which life emerged. Despite more than five decades of research, the geologic history of seawater 18O/16O remains a topic of intense debate. Without exception, well-preserved 18O/16O records from marine precipitates reflect both the minerals' formation temperature, and the isotopic composition of seawater. This duality has prevented unique interpretation of a long-term secular trend, in which 18O/16O in sedimentary rocks (e.g., carbonates, cherts) has increased by ~15 ‰ since the Archean. Here I outline an inter-disciplinary research program to address this fundamental problem, which integrates new geochemical observations, laboratory experiments, and numerical models.
We will generate geologic records of 18O/16O in two previously untapped repositories: iron oxides and iron-bearing authigenic clays. Several characteristics of both, and preliminary results, suggest that these repositories hold the potential to settle the long-standing debate about seawater 18O/16O. We will determine the temperature dependence of mineral-water O isotope fractionation in laboratory experiments and observations of natural systems. We will experimentally test the resistance of these minerals to O isotope exchange under geologically-relevant conditions, with the aim of evaluating the potential for late-stage isotopic resetting. Finally, we will develop models of the marine O isotope cycle, which account for the processes that govern seawater 18O/16O over long timescales, and which will be used to provide a quantitative understanding of the new records. With these new insights, we will explore implications for the geologic history of seawater chemistry, atmospheric composition, climate and biology. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/srep37672 | Electrochemical communication with the inside of cells using micro-patterned vertical carbon nanofibre electrodes | With the rapidly increasing demands for ultrasensitive biodetection, the design and applications of new nano-scale materials for development of sensors based on optical and electrochemical transducers have attracted substantial interest. In particular, given the comparable sizes of nanomaterials and biomolecules, there exist plenty of opportunities to develop functional nanoprobes with biomolecules for highly sensitive and selective biosensing, shedding new light on cellular behaviour. Towards this aim, herein we interface cells with patterned nano-arrays of carbon nanofibers forming a nanosensor-cell construct. We show that such a construct is capable of electrochemically communicating with the intracellular environment. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2364878184 | Study on Development Orientation and Priorities of the Central Government-Owned Power Enterprises During 12~(th) Five-Year Plan Period | The period of the 12th Five-Year Plan(2011-2015) is an important strategic period of opportunities for economic and social development of China during which both the economy and the energy sector will enter a new era of development.In response to this new situation,the central government-owned power enterprises,which form an important sector for the national economy and the people's livelihood,will define a clear development orientation to further exert forces of control,driving and influence in the industry's development.By deeply studying the status quo of the enterprises and the environment for development,the paper presents the development orientation and priorities of the central government-owned power enterprises during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-01768-2_1 | Elements Of An Automatic Data Scientist | A simple but non-trivial setting for automating data science is introduced. Given are a set of worksheets in a spreadsheet and the goal is to automatically complete some values. We also outline elements of the Synth framework that tackles this task: Synth-a-Sizer, an automated data wrangling system for automatically transforming the problem into attribute-value format; TacLe, an inductive constraint learning system for inducing formulas in spreadsheets; Mercs, a versatile predictive learning system; as well as the autocompletion component that integrates these systems. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
FI 2006000004 W | METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY AND RUNNABILITY OF PRODUCTION MACHINE FOR A WEBLIKE PRODUCT | The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of a web-like product and the runnability of a production machine, such as a paper or board machine or a calender. In order to control a nip force fluctuation in operating conditions regarding a pressure load and/or a heat flux and/or a running speed, the rolls are provided with a run-out as desired by machining a desired form on the shell of a roll and/or the shaft and/or bearing components of a roll. The machining is performed in such a way that said desired form is non-circular and/or the centre of rotation of a workpiece has a trajectory as desired. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.95.012139 | Tightness of correlation inequalities with no quantum violation | We study the faces of the set of quantum correlations, i. e. , the Bell and noncontextuality inequalities without any quantum violation. First, we investigate the question of whether every proper (facet-defining) Bell inequality for two parties, other than the trivial ones from positivity, normalization, and no-signaling, can be violated by quantum correlations, i. e. , whether the classical Bell polytope or the smaller correlation polytope share any facets with their respective quantum sets. To do this, we develop a recently derived bound on the quantum value of linear games based on the norms of game matrices to give a simple sufficient condition to identify linear games with no quantum advantage. Additionally we show how this bound can be extended to the general class of unique games. We then show that the paradigmatic examples of correlation Bell inequalities with no quantum violation, namely the nonlocal computation games, do not constitute facet-defining Bell inequalities, not even for the correlation polytope. We also extend this to an arbitrary prime number of outcomes for a specific class of these games. We then study the faces in the simplest Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell scenario of binary dichotomic measurements, and identify edges in the set of quantum correlations in this scenario. Finally, we relate the noncontextual polytope of single-party correlation inequalities with the cut polytope CUT(G), where G denotes the compatibility graph of observables in the contextuality scenario and G denotes the suspension graph of G. We observe that there exist facet-defining noncontextuality inequalities with no quantum violation, and furthermore that this set of inequalities is beyond those implied by the consistent exclusivity principle. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1063/1.5046147 | Hyperfine Interaction Induced G U Mixing And Its Implication On The Existence Of The First Excited Vibrational Level Of The A Σu 2 State Of H2 And On The Scattering Length Of The H H Collision | Ab initio calculations of the energy level structure of H2+ that include relativistic and radiative corrections to nonrelativistic energies and the diagonal part of the hyperfine interaction have predicted the existence of four bound rovibrational levels [(v = 0, N = 0 - 2) and (v = 1, N = 0)] of the first electronically excited ( A+ Σu+2 ) state of H2+ , the (v = 1, N = 0) level having a calculated binding energy of only Eb = 1. 082 219 8(4)·10-9 Eh and leading to an extremely large scattering length of 750(5) a0 for the H+ + H collision [J. Carbonell et al. , J. Phys. B: At. , Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 2997 (2004)]. We present an investigation of the nonadiabatic coupling between the first two electronic states ( X+ Σg+2 and A+ Σu+2 ) of H2+ induced by the Fermi-contact term of the hyperfine-coupling Hamiltonian. This interaction term, which mixes states of total spin quantum number G = 1/2, is rigorously implemented in a close-coupling approach to solve the spin-rovibronic Schrodinger equation. We show that it mixes states of gerade and ungerade electronic symmetry, that it shifts the positions of all weakly bound rovibrational states of H2+ , and that it affects both the positions and widths of its shape resonances. The calculations demonstrate that the G = 1/2 hyperfine component of the A+ (v = 1, N = 0) state does not exist and that, for G = 1/2, the s-wave scattering lengths of the H+ + H(1s) collision are -578(6) a0 and -43(4) a0 for the F = 0 and F = 1 hyperfine components of the H(1s) atom, respectively. The binding energy of the G = 3/2 hyperfine component of the A+ (v = 1, N = 0) state is not significantly affected by the hyperfine interaction and the corresponding scattering length for the H+ + H(1s, F = 1) collision is 757(7) a0. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1109/ISIT.2014.6875008 | A Heisenberg Limit For Quantum Region Estimation | The laws of quantum mechanics place fundamental limits on the accuracy of measurements and therefore on the estimation of physical parameters by a quantum system. In this work, we prove lower bounds on the size of confidence regions reported by any region estimator for a given ensemble of probe states and probability of success. Our bounds are derived from a previously unnoticed connection between the size of confidence regions and the error probabilities of a corresponding binary hypothesis test. In group-covariant scenarios, we find that there is an ultimate bound for any estimation scheme which depends only on the representation-theoretic data of the probe system, and we evaluate its asymptotics in the limit of many systems, establishing a general “Heisenberg limit” for region estimation. We apply our results to several scenarios, in particular to phase estimation, where our bounds strengthen the well-known Heisenberg and shot-noise scaling. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2070208578 | A model for clustering and optimizing portfolio: Tehran stock exchange using data mining algorithms | Management of investment basket and selecting assets is one of the problems of decision making in financial area. In the competitive business environment, in order to confront complex competitions in the market, financial institutes try to consider the best policy of investment basket that in turn leads to an increase in the output for the investors. The goal of this study is to develop a portfolio by considering the behavior of investors in risk taking in a realistic method. This research aims at supporting investors, experts and intermediate managers in establishing optimized portfolio of stocks. The proposed model has used the data of 66 stockholders who were enlisted in Stock Exchange Market by using the five indexes of risk output, skewness, liquidity and current ratio and clustered different companies by using the neuro-networks SOM algorithm The results show that the function of model to general index, the industry index and the index of 50 more active companies are better in Tehran Stock Exchange. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.11.024 | Distinct Limb and Trunk Premotor Circuits Establish Laterality in the Spinal Cord | Movement coordination between opposite body sides relies on neuronal circuits capable of controlling muscle contractions according to motor commands. Trunk and limb muscles engage in distinctly lateralized behaviors, yet how regulatory spinal circuitry differs is less clear. Here, we intersect virus technology and mouse genetics to unravel striking distribution differences of interneurons connected to functionallydistinct motor neurons. We find that premotor interneurons conveying information to axial motor neurons reside in symmetrically balanced locations while mostly ipsilateral premotor interneurons synapse withlimb-innervating motor neurons, especially those innervating more distal muscles. We show that observed distribution differences reflect specific premotor interneuron subpopulations defined by genetic and neurotransmitter identity. Synaptic input across the midline reaches axial motor neurons preferentially through commissural axon arborization, and to a lesser extent, through midline-crossing dendrites capturing contralateral synaptic input. Together, our findings provide insight into principles of circuit organization underlying weighted lateralization of movement. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6324 | CSI: A Coarse Sense Inventory for 85% Word Sense Disambiguation | Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is the task of associating a word in context with one of its meanings. While many works in the past have focused on raising the state of the art, none has even come close to achieving an F-score in the 80% ballpark when using WordNet as its sense inventory. We contend that one of the main reasons for this failure is the excessively fine granularity of this inventory, resulting in senses that are hard to differentiate between, even for an experienced human annotator. In this paper we cope with this long-standing problem by introducing Coarse Sense Inventory (CSI), obtained by linking WordNet concepts to a new set of 45 labels. The results show that the coarse granularity of CSI leads a WSD model to achieve 85. 9% F1, while maintaining a high expressive power. Our set of labels also exhibits ease of use in tagging and a descriptiveness that other coarse inventories lack, as demonstrated in two annotation tasks which we performed. Moreover, a few-shot evaluation proves that the class-based nature of CSI allows the model to generalise over unseen or under-represented words. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
Q2693538 | OnePower | OnePower è un sistema di stima e misurazione effettiva di compiti strettamente correlati alle risorse umane, materiali e attrezzature, oltre a suggerire l'uso delle risorse necessarie sulla base di lavori precedentemente eseguiti con caratteristiche simili. Grazie a questo, è ideale, tra gli altri, per la gestione di un progetto altamente specializzato nel settore high-tech, o di un progetto di ingegneria nei servizi dell'industria 4.0, soprattutto nell'ambito della cosiddetta "Industrial 4.0". "Internet dei servizi". OnePower è un sistema di dispositivi mobili connessi (hardware, come tablet, telefoni, laptop) e una piattaforma web e un'applicazione mobile per una gestione completa dei progetti su posizioni esterne. Il software consente inoltre di calcolare e prevedere i costi dei progetti (ad esempio sulla base di diverse variabili adottate, come il numero e il tempo di lavoro dei dipendenti, la loro efficienza sui progetti passati, il numero e il tipo di attrezzature, la dimensione e il grado di avanzamento della posizione, assunta dalla scadenza del cliente, ecc.). Il software OnePower è anche un sistema di stima complesso, esteso con il versioning. Fare anche 1 fix nell'attività crea una nuova versione ridondante con la possibilità di tornare alle versioni precedenti. Finché l'attività non viene avviata in esecuzione reale, i dati stimati possono cambiare in esso. Dal momento in cui i dati reali entrano nel sistema, i compiti svolti saranno in grado di confrontarsi con le loro stime. OnePower ti consentirà inoltre di creare attività dipendenti dalla disponibilità di risorse designate, ad esempio apparecchiature specifiche. Il sistema sarà in grado di trovare il momento migliore per avviare le operazioni quando tutte le risorse necessarie (sia umane, materiali o hardware) saranno disponibili. L'industria moderna sta diventando una rete di varie risorse, che opera sotto forma di servizi strettamente interconnessi e interdipendenti, altamente specializzati, la cosiddetta "Industria". Internet dei servizi. OnePower risponde a questa esigenza. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
169568 | Milk banking and the uncertain interaction between maternal milk and ethanol | Donor human milk banks are expanding around the world at an exponential rate, which is directly linked to global increases in premature births. The importance of human milk for prematurely born infants has been extensively identified, even among the recent social scientific work that has questioned the efficacy of human milk and health considerations. In addition, research also shows that a significant percentage of these mothers, at least initially, experience lactation problems. Europe is taking a leadership role in expansion of human milk banks, although issues associated with alcohol consumption and maternal donations are a concern for clinicians and health care staff, given the increasing problems associated with drinking among women of childbearing age. Europe with the highest alcohol per capita consumption rates in the world, makes these issues particularly immediate. The United Kingdom (UK) with its long history and current global leadership role is an ideal place to study these considerations which will inform these larger issues of human milk for the prematurely born infant. A leader in this century old intervention, supporting not only one of the oldest hospital based banks in Europe, but also an important cross-border collaborations on the island of Ireland, along with a research based national bank in Scotland, each representing different cases contributing significantly to the re-birth of the medical control of human milk. The UK is poised to offer the world vital information regarding donor human milk banking, maternal bodies and ‘trust’, an important sociological social theoretical concept which will be used to frame the triangulated data collected for this project (including interviews, archival data, and ethnographic information). Supporting an excellent experienced female researcher to return to the academy following a maternity/career break, this project directly supports women and science in society. MUIMME is an old Irish word for wet-nurse. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.